Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Calgary, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision] Remove			CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove			Prince Edward IslandMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,306,784	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	154,331	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,239,220	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	142,907	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.5	...	...	5.2	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	531,062	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	74,934	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	502,301	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	64,570	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,592.4	...	...	4.2	...	...	27.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	820.62	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	5,681.18	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,306,780	648,835	657,950	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	154,330	75,385	78,945
0 to 14 years	235,855	121,145	114,710	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	23,640	12,120	11,520
0 to 4 years	73,840	37,865	35,980	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	6,750	3,475	3,280
5 to 9 years	80,585	41,225	39,365	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	8,085	4,190	3,900
10 to 14 years	81,425	42,055	39,370	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	8,800	4,455	4,345
15 to 64 years	893,525	445,660	447,865	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	97,985	48,205	49,775
15 to 19 years	73,490	37,720	35,770	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	8,560	4,335	4,220
20 to 24 years	78,365	40,280	38,085	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	10,570	5,565	5,005
25 to 29 years	88,385	43,930	44,460	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	9,200	4,765	4,435
30 to 34 years	105,960	52,030	53,930	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	9,000	4,315	4,685
35 to 39 years	110,765	54,785	55,985	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	8,980	4,300	4,680
40 to 44 years	100,080	49,490	50,595	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	9,130	4,360	4,775
45 to 49 years	91,385	45,430	45,945	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	9,505	4,625	4,890
50 to 54 years	84,725	42,550	42,175	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	9,960	4,840	5,115
55 to 59 years	82,570	41,000	41,570	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	11,640	5,640	6,005
60 to 64 years	77,790	38,450	39,345	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	11,430	5,460	5,970
65 years and over	177,405	82,035	95,375	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	32,705	15,060	17,650
65 to 69 years	62,120	30,410	31,710	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	10,500	5,055	5,450
70 to 74 years	46,495	22,225	24,270	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	9,190	4,425	4,770
75 to 79 years	28,965	13,485	15,485	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	5,775	2,675	3,095
80 to 84 years	19,405	8,370	11,035	840,545	370,905	469,645	3,730	1,620	2,110
85 years and over	20,420	7,540	12,875	861,395	319,540	541,860	3,515	1,285	2,230
85 to 89 years	12,620	4,995	7,625	525,445	212,735	312,705	2,230	880	1,355
90 to 94 years	6,225	2,115	4,110	258,035	87,300	170,735	955	310	640
95 to 99 years	1,375	390	990	68,380	17,670	50,715	295	85	210
100 years and over	195	45	155	9,535	1,830	7,710	35	5	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	18.7	17.4	16.3	16.9	15.6	15.3	16.1	14.6
15 to 64 years	68.4	68.7	68.1	64.8	65.4	64.2	63.5	63.9	63.1
65 years and over	13.6	12.6	14.5	19.0	17.7	20.2	21.2	20.0	22.4
85 years and over	1.6	1.2	2.0	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.3	1.7	2.8
Average age of the population	38.8	38.2	39.5	41.9	41.0	42.8	43.1	42.1	44.0
Median age of the population	38.0	37.6	38.8	41.6	40.4	42.8	44.0	42.8	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	502,300	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Single-detached house	276,050	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	43,855	...	...
Semi-detached house	31,660	...	...	746,560	...	...	3,645	...	...
Row house	48,860	...	...	980,110	...	...	2,680	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,165	...	...	821,490	...	...	1,135	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	81,870	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	10,370	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	40,700	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	130	...	...
Other single-attached house	200	...	...	34,880	...	...	85	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,790	...	...	189,420	...	...	2,680	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
1 person	132,695	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	18,635	...	...
2 persons	159,955	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	24,470	...	...
3 persons	80,020	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	9,475	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	7,620	...	...
5 or more persons	50,070	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	4,370	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	150,480	73,540	76,940
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,070,930	527,695	543,240	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	130,690	63,260	67,430
Married or living common-law	624,845	312,690	312,150	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	75,415	37,675	37,735
Married	529,175	264,635	264,545	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	62,350	31,185	31,170
Living common-law	95,665	48,060	47,610	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	13,060	6,495	6,565
Living common law - Never married	73,555	37,065	36,490	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	9,330	4,580	4,750
Living common law - Separated	3,080	1,645	1,435	123,830	65,045	58,785	700	385	315
Living common law - Divorced	17,645	8,750	8,890	721,715	365,760	355,950	2,655	1,375	1,280
Living common law - Widowed	1,390	595	795	87,165	36,860	50,300	370	155	215
Not married and not living common-law	446,090	215,005	231,085	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	55,280	25,590	29,690
Not married and not living common law - Never married	313,900	170,360	143,540	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	36,455	19,470	16,980
Not married and not living common law - Separated	24,245	10,380	13,865	741,135	319,045	422,090	3,585	1,510	2,070
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	67,400	25,865	41,535	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	7,235	2,905	4,325
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	40,550	8,395	32,150	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	8,010	1,695	6,315
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	356,225	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	43,530	...	...
2 persons	164,970	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	24,415	...	...
3 persons	78,740	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	8,730	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	6,940	...	...
5 or more persons	32,950	...	...	855,960	...	...	3,445	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	356,220	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	43,530	...	...
Total couple families	304,050	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	36,805	...	...
Married couples	256,225	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	30,275	...	...
With children⁶	155,795	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	13,985	...	...
Without children	100,430	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	16,285	...	...
Common-law couples	47,830	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	6,530	...	...
With children⁶	14,805	...	...	808,645	...	...	2,565	...	...
Without children	33,020	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	3,965	...	...
Total one-parent families	52,170	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	6,730	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	40,670	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	5,205	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	11,505	...	...	383,670	...	...	1,525	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	150,480	73,540	76,940
Total - Persons in census families	1,060,650	527,080	533,570	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	121,345	59,940	61,400
Married spouses or common-law partners	608,110	304,145	303,965	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	73,600	36,730	36,870
Parents in one-parent families	52,170	11,500	40,665	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	6,725	1,520	5,210
Children⁶	400,375	211,435	188,940	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	41,010	21,685	19,325
In a two-parent family	319,875	167,975	151,905	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	30,790	16,140	14,650
In a one-parent family	80,495	43,460	37,035	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	10,220	5,545	4,670
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	231,120	115,080	116,040	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	29,140	13,605	15,540
Living alone	132,690	62,770	69,920	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	18,635	7,965	10,675
Living with other relatives⁷	34,850	14,875	19,980	927,345	393,085	534,260	2,870	1,230	1,645
Living with non-relatives only	63,575	37,435	26,140	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	7,630	4,415	3,220
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	502,300	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	64,570	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	302,280	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	39,905	...	...
Couple-family households	262,950	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	34,430	...	...
With children⁶	147,735	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	15,530	...	...
Without children	115,220	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	18,900	...	...
One-parent-family households	39,325	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	5,480	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	17,040	...	...	441,745	...	...	1,005	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	4,035	...	...	94,235	...	...	255	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	18,975	...	...	450,415	...	...	1,555	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	27,275	...	...	663,835	...	...	3,210	...	...
One-person households	132,690	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	18,635	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	126,900	61,450	65,450
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,003,515	495,570	507,940	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	122,790	59,350	63,435
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,800	39,600	41,200	46,400	36,800	38,800	41,600	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,004,015	495,845	508,175	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	122,870	59,395	63,470
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,000	36,800	40,800	33,600	34,400	36,000	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	909,585	457,190	452,395	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	110,750	54,565	56,190
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	32,800	35,200	42,400	29,200	30,600	34,000	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	761,365	391,230	370,130	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	91,325	46,475	44,850
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,600	35,600	37,200	43,200	32,000	31,200	33,600	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	880,900	428,430	452,470	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	99,515	45,585	53,925
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	5,640	9,000	9,800	8,500	11,000	12,700	12,800	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	115,990	54,710	61,280	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	26,055	13,740	12,310
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,720	5,760	5,720	7,900	9,000	6,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	326,795	158,290	168,500	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	31,520	15,180	16,340
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,500	7,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	126,900	61,450	65,450
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,175	495,345	507,830	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	123,000	59,395	63,605
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,600	76,500	53,050	54,450	62,650	46,560	46,120	50,360	42,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,685	495,595	508,095	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	123,055	59,435	63,620
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,500	60,400	44,760	44,920	50,320	39,680	38,600	41,320	36,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	909,780	457,395	452,390	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	111,055	54,450	56,605
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,600	74,500	48,520	50,240	59,500	41,000	39,600	44,480	34,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	761,230	391,465	369,765	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	91,335	46,420	44,915
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,450	71,900	48,320	50,280	58,050	42,000	39,040	42,320	35,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	879,935	427,945	451,995	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	99,930	45,775	54,155
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,010	8,920	11,050	11,170	10,180	12,060	12,760	12,410	13,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	115,600	54,695	60,905	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	26,430	13,690	12,740
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060	6,620	7,460	7,050	6,710	7,370	9,280	10,030	8,470
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	325,765	158,290	167,480	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	31,580	14,960	16,620
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,350	9,260	9,440	8,920	8,740	9,100	8,060	7,910	8,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	126,900	61,450	65,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	356,230	200,300	155,925	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	41,135	21,685	19,450
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	79,000	65,500	63,600	69,000	58,000	52,800	54,800	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,600	105,800	77,800	77,200	85,400	67,000	60,300	63,650	56,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	309,535	144,060	165,475	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	40,270	19,765	20,510
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	23,000	18,600	18,400	21,000	16,600	16,600	18,400	14,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,600	39,360	28,560	29,160	33,960	24,860	23,140	25,560	20,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4	90.0	81.4	82.2	86.4	76.8	77.6	81.0	73.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	74.2	66.4	66.8	70.6	61.7	62.8	65.6	59.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.6	10.1	18.6	17.8	13.7	23.1	22.5	19.0	26.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7	4.3	4.6	4.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.2	6.6	5.4	4.5	6.6	5.4	4.6	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.9	5.9	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.5	4.0	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	126,900	61,450	65,450
Without total income	52,710	25,610	27,100	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	4,105	2,095	2,015
With total income	1,003,510	495,570	507,940	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	122,790	59,355	63,440
Under $10,000 (including loss)	88,650	37,295	51,350	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	8,895	3,975	4,925
$10,000 to $19,999	95,485	40,550	54,935	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	14,340	6,025	8,315
$20,000 to $29,999	150,395	67,505	82,885	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	20,890	9,045	11,845
$30,000 to $39,999	120,085	52,190	67,895	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	19,790	9,245	10,545
$40,000 to $49,999	102,800	47,405	55,400	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	17,000	8,340	8,660
$50,000 to $59,999	84,010	40,150	43,855	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	12,955	6,455	6,495
$60,000 to $69,999	69,945	34,995	34,950	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	8,715	4,720	3,995
$70,000 to $79,999	56,175	29,855	26,315	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	5,810	3,225	2,590
$80,000 to $89,999	43,630	24,315	19,315	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	4,350	2,255	2,100
$90,000 to $99,999	36,520	20,230	16,285	965,950	553,435	412,510	3,085	1,490	1,590
$100,000 and over	155,825	101,065	54,765	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	6,955	4,570	2,385
$100,000 to $149,999	90,875	54,255	36,615	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	4,860	3,050	1,810
$150,000 and over	64,950	46,810	18,145	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	2,095	1,525	575
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	126,900	61,450	65,450
Without after-tax income	52,205	25,340	26,860	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	4,030	2,050	1,980
With after-tax income	1,004,020	495,845	508,175	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	122,865	59,400	63,470
Under $10,000 (including loss)	92,205	38,635	53,565	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	9,520	4,180	5,340
$10,000 to $19,999	99,660	42,515	57,150	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	15,360	6,540	8,820
$20,000 to $29,999	170,545	76,940	93,605	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	25,795	11,500	14,290
$30,000 to $39,999	139,800	62,515	77,285	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	24,250	11,830	12,425
$40,000 to $49,999	119,345	56,570	62,770	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	18,345	9,085	9,260
$50,000 to $59,999	94,265	46,850	47,410	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	11,585	6,105	5,480
$60,000 to $69,999	71,155	37,840	33,320	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	7,100	3,700	3,395
$70,000 to $79,999	52,530	29,120	23,415	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	4,430	2,260	2,165
$80,000 to $89,999	41,555	22,700	18,850	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	2,260	1,285	975
$90,000 to $99,999	28,220	16,610	11,610	643,700	402,325	241,380	1,250	790	460
$100,000 and over	94,730	65,540	29,195	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	2,985	2,120	865
$100,000 to $124,999	39,250	25,260	13,985	792,455	530,970	261,490	1,535	1,040	490
$125,000 and over	55,485	40,285	15,205	804,335	578,645	225,695	1,450	1,080	375
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	126,900	61,450	65,450
Without employment income	294,855	129,955	164,905	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	35,575	14,970	20,600
With employment income	761,365	391,235	370,135	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	91,325	46,480	44,850
Under $5,000 (including loss)	93,565	43,905	49,665	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	11,930	5,690	6,240
$5,000 to $9,999	61,265	26,265	35,000	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	8,250	3,640	4,615
$10,000 to $19,999	84,600	37,635	46,965	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	13,705	6,760	6,945
$20,000 to $29,999	65,430	30,260	35,170	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	10,530	5,375	5,150
$30,000 to $39,999	62,020	29,540	32,480	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	10,385	5,090	5,295
$40,000 to $49,999	60,110	29,420	30,685	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	9,340	4,785	4,560
$50,000 to $59,999	56,160	27,655	28,505	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	7,545	4,005	3,545
$60,000 to $69,999	50,010	25,670	24,345	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	5,440	3,050	2,390
$70,000 to $79,999	40,770	22,575	18,195	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	3,945	2,180	1,760
$80,000 to $89,999	33,160	18,845	14,315	929,490	539,395	390,095	3,170	1,500	1,670
$90,000 to $99,999	29,855	16,295	13,560	760,035	439,505	320,530	2,300	1,150	1,150
$100,000 and over	124,415	83,170	41,245	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	4,775	3,245	1,535
$100,000 to $124,999	49,530	29,135	20,400	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	2,395	1,500	900
$125,000 and over	74,880	54,035	20,845	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	2,380	1,745	635
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	126,900	61,450	65,450
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,505	483,190	497,310	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	120,875	58,400	62,480
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,200	37,600	39,200	45,200	34,000	36,400	40,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,815	483,265	497,550	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	120,970	58,410	62,560
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	34,400	35,200	40,000	31,200	32,000	34,400	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	897,540	451,120	446,420	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	110,215	54,175	56,035
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,200	36,000	36,800	44,000	30,800	30,600	34,400	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	762,840	391,880	370,965	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	92,525	46,765	45,760
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	51,600	38,000	38,000	44,400	32,800	30,600	33,600	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	833,025	405,905	427,120	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	89,695	40,155	49,545
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,140	950	2,740	4,240	1,960	6,450	9,500	9,700	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	70,610	32,260	38,350	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	24,835	13,170	11,665
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	5,840	7,300	5,720	5,560	5,960	8,500	9,300	7,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	126,900	61,450	65,450
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,005	482,985	497,015	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	120,955	58,395	62,560
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,200	77,400	51,450	52,350	61,250	43,800	43,880	48,560	39,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,295	483,045	497,250	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	121,030	58,405	62,630
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,800	60,800	43,040	42,920	49,000	37,160	36,560	39,680	33,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	897,990	451,595	446,395	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	110,435	54,220	56,220
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,500	78,300	50,560	51,040	60,800	41,320	39,640	44,720	34,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	762,865	392,125	370,740	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	92,705	46,845	45,860
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,450	75,800	50,440	50,560	58,800	41,800	39,120	43,120	35,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	833,205	406,035	427,170	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	89,655	40,055	49,600
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,005	4,932	7,020	7,950	6,990	8,800	10,330	10,240	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,185	31,980	38,210	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	24,780	13,020	11,760
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,230	7,210	9,090	7,560	6,880	8,210	9,450	10,070	8,750
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	126,900	61,450	65,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	352,800	198,465	154,335	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	40,840	21,500	19,340
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	76,500	62,400	60,000	66,000	53,600	50,400	52,400	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	91,200	104,000	74,800	73,200	81,900	62,250	57,150	61,050	52,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	292,225	136,270	155,955	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	38,455	19,000	19,455
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800	32,400	26,000	24,200	28,000	21,800	19,400	21,200	17,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,240	51,500	36,040	35,200	41,280	29,720	27,480	30,720	24,300
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	94.6	88.2	87.6	91.2	83.0	82.6	85.6	79.2
Employment income (%)	77.0	79.6	73.2	71.8	75.0	67.2	68.4	71.2	65.0
Government transfers (%)	7.9	5.4	11.7	12.3	8.9	16.9	17.4	14.5	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.6	4.4	4.6	4.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	132,690	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	18,635	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	41,600	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	37,200	...	...	32,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	369,610	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	45,935	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	106,300	...	...	87,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	87,700	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	132,725	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	18,615	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,900	...	...	53,350	...	...	42,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,300	...	...	44,360	...	...	36,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	369,575	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	45,955	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	128,200	...	...	106,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...	105,700	...	...	88,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Under $5,000	5,975	...	...	165,175	...	...	630	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,895	...	...	91,750	...	...	345	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,930	...	...	178,475	...	...	885	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,410	...	...	274,140	...	...	1,175	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,160	...	...	637,695	...	...	3,490	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,505	...	...	505,875	...	...	2,425	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	12,430	...	...	488,735	...	...	2,710	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	14,120	...	...	560,950	...	...	2,945	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,160	...	...	572,650	...	...	2,870	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,195	...	...	559,155	...	...	2,695	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30,875	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	5,475	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	31,950	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	4,965	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	31,405	...	...	986,460	...	...	4,725	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	29,885	...	...	921,205	...	...	4,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	28,640	...	...	844,835	...	...	3,930	...	...
$100,000 and over	245,760	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	20,930	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	61,565	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	7,575	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	47,245	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	5,010	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	61,440	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	5,095	...	...
$200,000 and over	75,515	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	3,250	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Under $5,000	6,665	...	...	186,735	...	...	710	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,985	...	...	95,195	...	...	360	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,035	...	...	183,430	...	...	915	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,855	...	...	289,545	...	...	1,270	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15,290	...	...	681,900	...	...	3,870	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,415	...	...	589,110	...	...	2,985	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,475	...	...	582,275	...	...	3,300	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,635	...	...	666,675	...	...	3,530	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,230	...	...	676,995	...	...	3,445	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,030	...	...	655,100	...	...	3,235	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,875	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	6,155	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	38,390	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	5,990	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	36,910	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	5,415	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	35,205	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	4,740	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,690	...	...	911,515	...	...	3,920	...	...
$100,000 and over	203,605	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	14,730	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	64,210	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	6,845	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	45,680	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	3,760	...	...
$150,000 and over	93,720	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	4,125	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	350,080	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	43,455	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	119,715	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	19,210	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	170,690	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	16,720	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	47,790	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	6,285	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	70,000	...	...	61,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	64,000	...	...	56,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	196,265	100,210	96,060	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	26,270	12,375	13,895
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	45,200	43,200	38,400	40,000	36,800	34,000	34,800	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	40,000	38,800	34,800	36,000	33,600	30,800	31,200	30,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	350,020	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	43,445	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,600	...	...	128,600	...	...	106,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...	105,600	...	...	88,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	119,860	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	19,125	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	112,500	...	...	95,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...	92,000	...	...	79,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	170,590	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	16,800	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	178,600	...	...	160,600	...	...	133,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	130,600	...	...	109,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	47,630	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	6,215	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	82,300	...	...	69,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,600	...	...	71,800	...	...	61,450	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	196,265	100,075	96,185	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	26,230	12,215	14,015
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,850	61,150	58,550	49,440	52,050	46,880	40,040	40,480	39,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,480	50,080	48,880	41,560	43,080	40,120	34,280	34,400	34,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	150,480	73,540	76,940
0 to 17 years	279,980	143,740	136,235	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	28,685	14,705	13,985
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	8,260	4,280	3,980
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,605	424,880	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	91,000	44,465	46,535
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	30,800	14,375	16,425
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	115,560	55,845	59,720	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	20,725	9,395	11,325
0 to 17 years	30,045	15,495	14,550	854,565	439,490	415,075	4,460	2,275	2,185
0 to 5 years	9,980	5,085	4,895	282,315	144,250	138,065	1,295	690	605
18 to 64 years	68,060	33,225	34,835	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	10,145	4,695	5,450
65 years and over	17,455	7,120	10,335	985,745	391,695	594,050	6,120	2,425	3,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.7	9.2	11.1	10.5	11.6	13.8	12.8	14.7
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.8	10.7	11.9	11.9	11.9	15.5	15.5	15.6
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1	11.0	11.1	12.7	12.7	12.7	15.7	16.1	15.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.9	8.2	9.7	9.4	9.9	11.2	10.6	11.7
65 years and over (%)	10.4	9.0	11.7	15.0	12.7	16.9	19.9	16.9	22.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	149,875	73,240	76,635
0 to 17 years	279,975	143,740	136,235	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	28,475	14,600	13,875
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	8,205	4,250	3,960
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,610	424,880	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	90,630	44,285	46,350
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	30,765	14,355	16,410
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	74,755	38,790	35,970	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	6,185	3,095	3,095
0 to 17 years	16,260	8,345	7,910	319,545	164,490	155,060	1,150	595	555
0 to 5 years	5,165	2,630	2,530	99,435	50,875	48,560	300	155	145
18 to 64 years	52,615	27,685	24,930	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	4,615	2,320	2,300
65 years and over	5,885	2,755	3,135	199,155	83,010	116,145	425	180	240
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8	6.0	5.5	5.2	5.4	5.0	4.1	4.2	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	5.8	5.8	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.0	4.1	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7	5.7	5.8	4.6	4.6	4.6	3.6	3.7	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.6	5.9	6.0	6.4	5.7	5.1	5.2	5.0
65 years and over (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.1	2.7	3.3	1.4	1.2	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	150,480	73,540	76,940
In bottom half of the distribution	567,165	277,385	289,775	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	90,760	43,710	47,050
In bottom decile	107,675	54,440	53,230	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	18,220	8,555	9,670
In second decile	113,610	53,540	60,065	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	19,490	9,135	10,355
In third decile	112,705	54,705	58,005	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	18,460	8,965	9,495
In fourth decile	115,075	56,390	58,690	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	17,650	8,650	8,995
In fifth decile	118,100	58,310	59,790	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	16,945	8,405	8,535
In top half of the distribution	724,605	364,770	359,830	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	59,720	29,830	29,890
In sixth decile	122,380	60,845	61,535	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	15,690	7,820	7,870
In seventh decile	125,895	62,890	63,005	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	14,460	7,135	7,330
In eighth decile	132,170	66,300	65,865	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	12,475	6,250	6,225
In ninth decile	145,410	73,125	72,290	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	9,835	4,920	4,915
In top decile	198,750	101,615	97,135	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	7,255	3,705	3,550
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,291,770	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	150,480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.376	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.309	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.471	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.435	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.327	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.271	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	152,455	74,645	77,810
English only	1,177,415	591,385	586,025	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	131,465	65,710	65,755
French only	825	350	480	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	135	70	65
English and French	85,355	39,160	46,200	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	19,385	8,185	11,195
Neither English nor French	32,520	13,125	19,395	689,725	284,170	405,555	1,480	680	795
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	152,455	74,645	77,810
English	1,240,980	619,695	621,280	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	146,265	71,800	74,465
French	16,810	8,335	8,480	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	4,350	2,020	2,330
English and French	6,620	3,275	3,345	476,175	237,635	238,535	415	180	235
Neither English nor French	31,705	12,710	18,995	673,100	275,685	397,420	1,425	650	780
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	152,455	74,645	77,810
Single responses	1,229,455	611,620	617,835	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	149,950	73,405	76,540
Official languages	846,405	428,260	418,145	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	136,985	66,615	70,370
English	830,305	420,265	410,040	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	132,425	64,525	67,900
French	16,100	7,990	8,105	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	4,560	2,085	2,475
Non-official languages	383,050	183,360	199,690	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	12,965	6,795	6,170
Indigenous languages³⁹	580	240	345	148,895	71,630	77,265	45	20	30
Algonquian languages	415	165	250	97,125	46,545	50,580	45	20	20
Blackfoot	175	80	90	2,520	1,180	1,340	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	185	70	120	67,665	32,715	34,950	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0	0	0
Cree languages	185	70	120	53,070	25,645	27,430	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	580	300	280	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	3,460	1,675	1,785	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	2,475	1,075	1,395	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	50	15	30	5,025	2,345	2,675	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	0	2,850	1,370	1,480	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	125	45	75	38,535	18,810	19,725	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	625	310	315	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745	40	25	20
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620	40	25	20
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	55	15	40	21,775	10,230	11,550	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	865	400	460	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	45	15	35	11,605	5,300	6,300	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	470	235	235	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	20	0	15	1,880	850	1,030	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	10	20	9,185	4,190	4,995	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	50	30	25	12,885	6,200	6,680	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	25	20	12,785	6,155	6,630	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	625	280	340	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	5	5	8,060	3,865	4,190	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	175	70	105	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5	1,505	755	755	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	400	195	200	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	270	120	150	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	1,390	725	670	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	35	5	30	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	20	15	10	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	120	40	85	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	33,790	16,480	17,315	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	560	220	340	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	335	140	200	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	225	85	140	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	33,200	16,240	16,955	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	355	150	205	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	0	275	115	155	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	485	220	265	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	185	90	95	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	95	40	50	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Siouan languages	80	30	55	1,040	485	555	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Dakota	15	5	10	560	245	315	0	0	0
Stoney	60	20	40	365	180	190	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	45	20	20	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	1,035	515	515	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	590	300	290	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	325	155	170	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	220	95	130	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	5	0	180	75	100	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	382,470	183,120	199,345	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	12,920	6,770	6,145
Afro-Asiatic languages	34,290	17,610	16,680	698,355	359,625	338,730	940	515	425
Berber languages	125	70	55	27,490	14,715	12,775	0	0	0
Kabyle	90	45	45	24,760	13,130	11,625	0	0	0
Tamazight	30	20	10	2,340	1,365	975	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	395	225	170	0	0	0
Chadic languages	40	20	20	1,985	1,085	905	0	0	0
Hausa	40	20	20	1,315	740	570	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	675	340	335	0	0	0
Coptic	30	10	15	1,015	510	505	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	3,165	1,585	1,580	49,410	23,275	26,135	70	30	35
Bilen	170	85	85	2,020	1,085	935	0	0	0
Oromo	1,370	685	685	5,905	3,015	2,890	0	0	0
Somali	1,600	795	805	40,730	18,775	21,955	70	30	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	5	755	400	350	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30,935	15,925	15,005	618,450	320,045	298,405	865	480	390
Amharic	4,460	2,140	2,315	25,685	12,090	13,600	10	5	0
Arabic	20,395	10,695	9,705	508,410	265,350	243,060	830	455	375
Aramaic languages	635	305	330	27,690	13,465	14,220	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	325	160	165	17,220	8,320	8,900	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	215	100	110	8,860	4,335	4,525	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	95	40	55	1,600	805	795	10	5	5
Harari	40	20	25	1,220	550	675	0	0	0
Hebrew	455	225	230	19,495	10,505	8,995	15	10	5
Maltese	15	5	10	4,425	2,080	2,340	0	0	0
Tigrigna	4,890	2,510	2,380	31,075	15,775	15,300	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	450	235	220	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,755	6,180	7,575	192,985	87,230	105,750	610	300	310
Khmer (Cambodian)	795	365	425	19,525	8,820	10,705	5	5	5
Vietnamese	12,855	5,750	7,100	173,000	78,180	94,820	605	295	305
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	110	60	50	460	230	225	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	51,040	22,530	28,505	565,375	238,875	326,500	1,295	580	715
Bikol	195	85	110	2,115	940	1,180	5	0	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	865	370	495	8,215	3,425	4,790	10	5	5
Cebuano	1,840	815	1,020	18,945	7,800	11,145	35	15	20
Fijian	45	25	20	605	325	280	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	955	405	550	9,690	3,900	5,795	15	5	10
Ilocano	3,435	1,545	1,890	33,520	14,140	19,380	25	15	15
Indonesian	665	270	395	11,910	4,990	6,920	10	5	5
Kankanaey	190	80	110	1,100	465	640	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	85	40	40	670	275	395	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	30	15	10	2,085	990	1,090	0	0	0
Merina	5	0	0	1,245	580	670	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	15	10	835	415	425	0	0	0
Malay	135	65	70	1,330	570	760	10	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	460	225	240	5,615	2,635	2,980	5	0	0
Pangasinan	195	95	100	2,050	900	1,150	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	41,375	18,235	23,135	461,150	194,805	266,345	1,165	525	640
Waray-Waray	155	75	75	1,625	690	935	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	420	180	235	4,740	2,035	2,705	10	5	10
Creole languages	560	275	285	78,235	35,650	42,580	40	20	25
Haitian Creole	165	75	85	52,435	23,355	29,085	5	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	5	600	315	290	0	0	0
Krio	55	25	30	795	365	435	0	0	0
Morisyen	95	50	50	6,125	3,015	3,110	10	5	5
Sango	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	145	75	75	15,550	7,325	8,230	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	2,135	1,000	1,140	15	10	5
Dravidian languages	6,430	3,300	3,125	244,165	125,180	118,990	495	305	195
Kannada	355	180	175	6,240	3,215	3,020	15	5	10
Malayalam	2,655	1,335	1,320	54,050	29,375	24,670	395	245	150
Tamil	2,095	1,095	1,000	152,850	75,010	77,845	30	20	15
Telugu	1,255	660	595	30,045	17,095	12,950	55	30	25
Tulu	50	25	30	615	310	305	0	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	370	170	195	0	0	0
Georgian	120	70	55	2,180	1,175	1,005	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	565	265	305	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	182,725	89,715	93,015	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	5,195	2,890	2,300
Albanian	1,330	695	630	29,265	14,690	14,580	135	70	65
Armenian	260	135	125	33,720	16,335	17,385	10	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	27,355	12,635	14,725	648,810	297,100	351,710	475	215	265
Baltic languages	435	205	230	10,560	4,425	6,135	10	5	5
Latvian	170	75	95	4,430	1,875	2,555	5	5	0
Lithuanian	270	130	140	6,130	2,555	3,580	5	5	5
Slavic languages	26,925	12,430	14,490	638,250	292,670	345,580	470	210	260
Belarusian	20	5	15	720	325	395	0	0	0
Bulgarian	785	395	390	19,035	9,090	9,950	10	5	5
Czech	1,190	545	650	20,025	9,215	10,815	20	10	10
Macedonian	135	70	70	14,795	7,075	7,720	0	0	0
Polish	6,845	3,190	3,650	160,170	72,120	88,050	80	35	45
Russian	9,460	4,205	5,255	197,905	89,100	108,800	230	105	130
Rusyn	0	5	0	500	240	255	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	4,440	2,150	2,290	116,735	56,900	59,835	55	30	30
Bosnian	780	380	405	13,820	6,785	7,040	20	10	10
Croatian	1,755	830	925	43,500	20,755	22,740	15	5	10
Serbian	1,830	900	925	57,425	28,410	29,015	15	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	75	40	35	1,995	945	1,045	0	0	0
Slovak	940	465	475	15,255	6,930	8,320	10	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	195	85	110	7,965	3,425	4,535	10	5	5
Ukrainian	2,900	1,315	1,585	84,705	38,005	46,695	45	20	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	440	235	205	0	0	0
Celtic languages	100	55	45	2,150	1,110	1,045	10	10	5
Irish	30	20	15	665	355	315	0	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	425	210	210	0	0	0
Welsh	40	25	20	825	410	420	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	230	135	95	5	0	0
Germanic languages	12,360	5,935	6,430	463,400	221,365	242,035	1,095	575	520
Frisian	30	15	15	1,570	800	775	25	15	5
High German languages	7,370	3,450	3,915	301,570	142,580	158,990	525	270	260
German	7,100	3,315	3,790	272,865	128,250	144,615	475	235	235
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540	20	10	5
Swiss German	210	105	100	7,575	3,740	3,835	40	15	20
Yiddish	55	25	30	12,060	6,060	6,005	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,940	1,950	1,990	138,655	67,815	70,840	500	270	235
Afrikaans	905	445	455	12,270	6,175	6,095	30	15	20
Dutch	2,750	1,370	1,375	80,315	39,000	41,310	440	235	200
Low German, n.o.s.	20	15	10	8,670	4,255	4,420	0	0	0
Low Saxon	10	5	0	1,270	650	625	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	180	75	105	33,200	16,410	16,785	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	35	35	2,935	1,325	1,605	20	15	10
Scandinavian languages	1,000	495	505	20,275	9,500	10,775	45	25	20
Danish	560	295	265	9,945	4,750	5,195	30	15	15
Icelandic	40	20	20	905	430	480	0	0	0
Norwegian	165	70	95	3,535	1,675	1,860	5	0	5
Swedish	235	110	125	5,890	2,645	3,245	10	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	1,330	670	660	0	0	0
Greek	1,385	640	745	93,335	45,860	47,470	15	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	98,325	49,490	48,840	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	2,600	1,580	1,020
Indo-Aryan languages	85,530	43,050	42,485	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	2,380	1,460	915
Assamese	45	20	25	545	265	280	0	0	0
Bengali	4,350	2,175	2,180	87,580	45,160	42,425	120	80	40
Gujarati	6,290	3,245	3,045	138,985	73,335	65,655	280	205	75
Hindi	7,905	3,990	3,920	152,825	79,585	73,240	245	145	100
Kacchi	1,030	455	580	6,930	3,100	3,830	5	5	0
Kashmiri	75	40	35	745	395	350	0	0	0
Konkani	160	75	85	3,425	1,675	1,745	0	0	0
Marathi	980	495	480	14,145	7,330	6,810	5	5	0
Nepali	2,195	1,135	1,065	23,425	11,920	11,510	180	90	100
Oriya languages	95	50	40	1,775	940	835	0	0	0
Odia	55	30	25	1,125	615	510	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	40	20	20	645	325	320	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	43,685	21,975	21,710	666,585	341,515	325,065	1,380	850	530
Rohingya	25	10	10	545	265	280	0	0	0
Sindhi	285	150	135	3,985	2,070	1,915	5	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	960	475	490	18,000	8,895	9,110	45	20	25
Urdu	16,835	8,445	8,390	235,290	118,540	116,755	75	45	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	625	330	290	3,865	2,085	1,780	20	15	10
Iranian languages	12,760	6,425	6,335	300,555	150,160	150,390	225	120	105
Baluchi	50	30	15	555	305	250	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,055	515	540	16,485	8,770	7,715	0	0	0
Parsi	20	10	15	555	310	240	0	0	0
Pashto	1,960	1,000	960	19,520	10,170	9,355	5	5	5
Persian languages	9,625	4,835	4,780	262,625	130,180	132,440	220	120	100
Dari	2,800	1,400	1,395	57,220	28,070	29,155	10	5	5
Iranian Persian	5,565	2,800	2,765	179,425	89,070	90,360	185	100	85
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,255	635	620	25,975	13,040	12,930	20	10	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	815	425	390	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	305	165	140	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	41,550	20,105	21,450	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	850	425	420
Catalan	45	15	25	905	470	440	0	0	0
Italian	4,100	2,060	2,040	319,505	154,295	165,205	60	30	30
Portuguese	4,065	1,935	2,125	240,680	115,235	125,450	190	90	100
Romanian	4,155	2,045	2,115	93,160	44,185	48,975	50	30	25
Spanish	29,175	14,035	15,135	538,870	259,500	279,375	550	285	270
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	1,165	610	550	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	385	195	185	0	0	0
Japanese	2,195	735	1,455	43,850	14,205	29,650	95	20	80
Korean	10,205	4,705	5,510	170,400	77,075	93,325	130	65	65
Mongolian	450	200	245	1,850	800	1,050	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5,870	2,945	2,920	108,295	52,850	55,440	125	70	55
Akan (Twi)	620	315	305	13,120	6,400	6,720	5	5	0
Bamanankan	10	10	5	1,855	1,000	860	0	0	0
Edo	90	45	40	1,685	745	940	0	0	0
Éwé	50	30	20	1,955	1,030	920	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	35	45	3,520	1,825	1,695	0	0	0
Ga	35	20	20	815	400	415	0	0	0
Ganda	60	25	30	1,890	885	1,010	5	5	5
Gikuyu	55	25	30	760	320	440	10	0	5
Igbo	730	380	355	5,175	2,720	2,460	10	5	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	190	95	95	7,380	3,365	4,015	25	15	10
Lingala	55	30	20	4,260	1,925	2,335	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	25	5	15	520	245	275	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	515	260	260	0	0	0
Mwani	115	55	60	695	365	325	0	0	0
Ndebele	85	40	45	920	420	500	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	140	60	80	8,660	4,035	4,625	10	5	5
Shona	290	130	155	3,605	1,665	1,940	0	0	0
Soninke	10	5	0	505	315	190	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	35	15	25	520	200	320	0	0	0
Swahili	725	355	380	16,000	7,630	8,370	20	10	10
Wojenaka	5	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Wolof	80	40	45	4,890	2,605	2,285	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,685	880	805	15,015	7,605	7,410	25	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	700	335	360	13,000	6,405	6,590	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,270	640	625	6,920	3,565	3,355	5	0	0
Dinka	535	295	240	1,865	1,000	865	5	0	0
Nuer	375	165	215	1,090	515	570	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	305	155	155	3,395	1,745	1,645	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	55	35	25	575	305	270	0	0	0
Sign languages	230	115	110	6,955	3,710	3,250	15	10	0
American Sign Language	185	100	85	4,965	2,635	2,335	15	15	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	990	520	465	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	1,005	555	450	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	67,255	31,260	36,000	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	3,795	1,930	1,870
Chinese languages	65,980	30,640	35,335	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	3,730	1,890	1,840
Hakka	280	135	150	9,765	4,420	5,345	10	5	0
Mandarin	31,270	14,465	16,810	679,255	310,750	368,510	3,240	1,625	1,620
Min Dong	30	15	15	1,310	665	645	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,205	515	690	27,805	12,415	15,390	65	45	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	250	125	125	8,880	3,995	4,880	20	10	10
Yue (Cantonese)	32,065	14,990	17,075	553,380	255,540	297,835	350	175	175
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	380	460	11,610	5,500	6,110	45	25	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	630	295	330	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,235	600	635	16,600	8,160	8,445	65	40	30
Burmese	255	120	135	3,305	1,590	1,710	15	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	90	40	45	870	400	475	0	0	0
Karenic languages	220	110	115	4,520	2,240	2,275	40	25	20
S'gaw Karen	170	85	85	3,900	1,940	1,960	45	25	15
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	615	305	315	0	0	0
Tibetan	635	320	325	7,025	3,475	3,545	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	890	445	440	10	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	585	285	295	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,070	390	685	22,350	8,605	13,745	30	5	25
Lao	415	195	215	11,485	5,475	6,010	0	0	0
Thai	620	175	445	10,455	2,960	7,495	35	5	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	410	165	240	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,870	1,000	865	53,520	28,385	25,135	70	35	35
Azerbaijani	240	135	110	4,490	2,460	2,030	5	0	5
Kazakh	55	20	35	540	230	305	0	0	0
Turkish	1,340	730	610	44,190	23,615	20,570	65	35	35
Uyghur	65	30	35	1,355	660	690	0	0	0
Uzbek	95	45	45	1,805	890	920	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	1,150	530	620	0	0	0
Uralic languages	3,070	1,415	1,655	68,180	31,000	37,180	70	30	35
Estonian	70	35	35	4,485	1,945	2,535	10	5	0
Finnish	240	85	155	12,200	5,075	7,120	15	5	10
Hungarian	2,765	1,300	1,465	51,500	23,980	27,525	50	25	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	1,060	540	520	5	0	5
Multiple responses	66,660	32,400	34,265	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	2,505	1,240	1,265
English and French	5,245	2,530	2,715	291,325	142,420	148,905	970	430	540
English and non-official language(s)	53,970	26,410	27,560	921,480	450,685	470,800	1,320	695	625
French and non-official language(s)	1,145	565	580	117,910	57,875	60,040	45	20	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,015	465	545	52,880	25,900	26,975	50	30	20
Multiple non-official languages	5,295	2,430	2,865	92,095	42,330	49,765	120	65	60
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	152,455	74,645	77,810
English	858,205	432,905	425,300	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	134,785	65,730	69,060
French	3,800	1,885	1,915	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	1,620	755	860
Non-official language	119,530	56,930	62,595	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	5,485	2,965	2,520
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	20	50,460	25,385	25,080	5	0	0
Non-Indigenous	119,485	56,915	62,570	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	5,480	2,960	2,515
English and French	12,035	5,650	6,380	953,760	465,560	488,205	2,605	1,120	1,485
English and non-official language(s)	283,170	137,555	145,610	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	7,300	3,755	3,545
French and non-official language(s)	525	235	290	395,320	188,195	207,125	45	25	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,990	3,275	3,715	455,760	217,995	237,770	340	155	180
Multiple non-official languages	11,860	5,575	6,290	200,320	93,165	107,155	280	140	145
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	152,455	74,645	77,810
Single responses	1,226,245	609,935	616,315	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	150,355	73,620	76,735
Official languages	983,495	492,440	491,055	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	141,285	68,820	72,460
English	977,675	489,585	488,090	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	139,195	67,855	71,345
French	5,820	2,860	2,965	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	2,085	960	1,120
Non-official languages	242,750	117,500	125,255	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	9,080	4,800	4,275
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	40	60	85,835	42,950	42,885	10	5	5
Algonquian languages	65	30	35	50,135	25,010	25,120	10	5	5
Blackfoot	35	15	20	980	495	480	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	15	38,255	19,165	19,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0	0	0
Cree languages	25	15	15	26,700	13,425	13,270	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	50	30	30	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	560	300	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	665	305	360	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	1,455	730	725	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	830	430	405	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	20,585	10,400	10,180	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	505	260	245	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395	10	5	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365	10	5	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	8,250	4,100	4,155	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	230	105	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	3,480	1,685	1,800	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	145	70	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	390	195	200	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	7,260	3,675	3,585	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	7,230	3,655	3,575	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	220	100	125	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	5	5,255	2,610	2,650	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	705	390	315	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	200	110	95	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	395	220	175	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	755	420	335	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	165	85	75	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	260	130	130	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	20	5	15	240	110	130	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	120	65	60	0	0	0
Stoney	20	5	10	90	40	55	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	220	115	105	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	242,650	117,455	125,195	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	9,065	4,800	4,270
Afro-Asiatic languages	21,960	10,980	10,975	395,840	197,010	198,830	610	315	290
Berber languages	45	30	15	11,295	5,940	5,355	0	0	0
Kabyle	35	20	15	10,180	5,325	4,850	0	0	0
Tamazight	5	5	5	840	455	380	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	280	155	130	0	0	0
Chadic languages	25	10	10	835	425	410	0	0	0
Hausa	25	10	10	635	330	305	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	200	95	105	0	0	0
Coptic	15	10	5	545	265	280	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	2,135	1,040	1,100	30,375	14,115	16,260	45	20	25
Bilen	130	65	70	1,645	890	760	0	0	0
Oromo	995	495	495	3,890	1,935	1,960	0	0	0
Somali	1,010	470	535	24,410	11,075	13,335	45	20	25
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	205	0	0	0
Semitic languages	19,740	9,895	9,845	352,790	176,270	176,520	560	295	265
Amharic	2,800	1,320	1,485	14,030	6,470	7,565	5	0	0
Arabic	12,395	6,275	6,120	285,915	143,650	142,260	545	285	260
Aramaic languages	485	230	255	20,740	9,940	10,800	5	0	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	250	120	130	12,935	6,150	6,785	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	80	6,585	3,185	3,400	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	45	45	1,220	605	615	5	0	5
Harari	25	10	15	680	305	380	0	0	0
Hebrew	235	115	115	8,515	4,355	4,160	5	5	5
Maltese	5	5	0	795	360	435	0	0	0
Tigrigna	3,765	1,920	1,845	21,860	11,050	10,810	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	250	135	115	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,355	4,270	5,090	127,730	58,660	69,070	585	300	285
Khmer (Cambodian)	430	190	240	10,650	4,765	5,880	0	0	0
Vietnamese	8,840	4,030	4,810	116,785	53,735	63,055	580	300	285
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	80	45	35	300	160	135	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	32,480	15,230	17,250	326,245	149,550	176,700	880	415	465
Bikol	75	35	35	760	370	395	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	470	220	245	4,125	1,895	2,230	5	5	5
Cebuano	1,090	530	560	10,195	4,720	5,480	30	15	15
Fijian	10	5	0	200	110	85	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	520	250	270	5,015	2,265	2,750	10	5	10
Ilocano	2,135	990	1,150	18,350	8,350	10,000	20	10	5
Indonesian	225	115	110	4,150	1,985	2,170	0	0	0
Kankanaey	110	50	55	585	265	320	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	50	30	20	320	150	170	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	15	5	10	725	370	355	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	330	165	170	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	5	390	205	190	0	0	0
Malay	40	20	20	280	145	140	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	240	120	120	3,030	1,435	1,590	0	0	0
Pangasinan	50	25	20	680	310	375	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	27,210	12,710	14,500	275,045	125,870	149,170	805	385	425
Waray-Waray	70	40	30	680	325	360	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	180	90	90	2,100	1,000	1,105	5	5	5
Creole languages	325	155	170	35,195	15,455	19,740	25	15	15
Haitian Creole	115	60	60	22,610	9,620	12,990	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	300	125	175	0	0	0
Krio	20	15	10	360	150	210	0	0	0
Morisyen	70	35	40	3,640	1,760	1,880	10	0	10
Sango	0	0	0	295	135	160	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	35	7,120	3,275	3,845	10	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	870	395	475	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	4,160	2,085	2,080	169,705	85,265	84,440	350	205	150
Kannada	190	90	95	3,060	1,575	1,485	10	5	5
Malayalam	1,785	890	900	35,390	19,010	16,380	295	175	120
Tamil	1,395	710	680	112,335	54,240	58,095	20	10	10
Telugu	760	375	380	18,470	10,215	8,250	25	15	10
Tulu	30	15	15	240	120	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	205	105	105	0	0	0
Georgian	75	40	30	1,335	730	610	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	215	105	120	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	112,245	55,440	56,805	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	2,950	1,675	1,280
Albanian	610	325	290	14,110	7,005	7,100	75	45	35
Armenian	140	65	75	21,970	10,415	11,550	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	12,980	6,225	6,760	303,480	143,495	159,985	230	105	120
Baltic languages	195	95	95	2,495	1,120	1,380	0	0	0
Latvian	70	40	35	880	395	485	0	0	0
Lithuanian	120	60	60	1,615	720	895	0	0	0
Slavic languages	12,790	6,130	6,660	300,985	142,375	158,610	225	105	120
Belarusian	10	5	5	215	100	115	0	0	0
Bulgarian	360	175	185	10,315	5,005	5,310	5	0	0
Czech	345	160	185	5,680	2,705	2,980	0	0	0
Macedonian	70	35	35	6,105	2,880	3,225	0	0	0
Polish	2,795	1,345	1,455	65,140	30,225	34,915	15	5	5
Russian	6,055	2,880	3,170	125,780	59,290	66,490	155	70	90
Rusyn	0	0	0	290	155	135	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,860	905	960	53,150	25,720	27,430	20	10	10
Bosnian	315	155	160	6,480	3,135	3,345	10	5	5
Croatian	650	300	350	14,925	6,965	7,960	5	5	5
Serbian	895	440	450	31,110	15,310	15,800	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	640	315	325	0	0	0
Slovak	350	165	180	5,015	2,410	2,605	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	15	1,375	595	785	5	5	0
Ukrainian	905	435	470	27,825	13,250	14,580	25	15	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	5	10	555	295	265	5	5	0
Irish	5	5	0	310	165	145	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	5	105	55	55	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	5	100	55	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	40	25	15	0	5	0
Germanic languages	1,535	735	805	140,450	68,575	71,875	380	195	185
Frisian	5	5	5	270	110	155	5	5	5
High German languages	665	320	345	103,780	50,460	53,325	245	125	120
German	640	305	335	86,820	41,815	45,005	205	105	100
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630	20	10	5
Swiss German	20	10	10	1,750	870	875	20	5	15
Yiddish	10	5	0	7,950	4,140	3,810	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	725	345	380	33,710	16,730	16,980	120	60	60
Afrikaans	435	215	225	6,095	3,055	3,035	20	10	15
Dutch	275	125	150	8,100	3,950	4,150	95	50	40
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	5	10	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	130	60	75	1,940	920	1,020	10	0	5
Danish	40	20	20	615	280	340	5	0	5
Icelandic	10	5	5	175	75	95	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	5	260	125	135	0	0	0
Swedish	70	30	40	890	435	450	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	740	355	390	0	0	0
Greek	430	185	245	38,300	17,490	20,810	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	73,220	36,630	36,595	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	1,820	1,105	720
Indo-Aryan languages	64,720	32,425	32,290	962,820	490,815	472,000	1,665	1,030	635
Assamese	20	10	15	215	110	110	0	0	0
Bengali	2,905	1,420	1,490	56,750	28,435	28,315	80	50	25
Gujarati	4,045	2,085	1,960	92,005	47,790	44,215	190	140	50
Hindi	5,165	2,605	2,565	91,930	47,555	44,375	125	75	50
Kacchi	565	235	325	3,055	1,310	1,750	0	0	0
Kashmiri	50	25	30	270	130	140	0	0	0
Konkani	70	35	35	880	415	470	0	0	0
Marathi	565	285	280	7,460	3,800	3,660	5	0	0
Nepali	1,565	805	765	16,835	8,595	8,235	125	65	65
Oriya languages	40	20	20	795	420	375	0	0	0
Odia	25	15	10	525	275	250	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	270	145	130	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	36,445	18,325	18,120	520,390	266,775	253,610	1,070	665	410
Rohingya	10	5	5	410	195	215	0	0	0
Sindhi	165	85	75	2,110	1,060	1,050	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	520	255	265	9,665	4,775	4,890	20	10	10
Urdu	12,250	6,075	6,175	158,040	78,420	79,615	30	20	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	340	165	175	2,015	1,040	975	15	10	5
Iranian languages	8,490	4,190	4,295	204,420	99,545	104,875	160	75	85
Baluchi	30	15	15	330	170	155	0	0	0
Kurdish	735	355	380	10,380	5,245	5,135	0	0	0
Parsi	10	5	5	280	130	150	0	0	0
Pashto	1,215	625	595	13,215	6,670	6,545	0	0	0
Persian languages	6,470	3,185	3,285	179,745	87,075	92,670	150	75	80
Dari	1,710	830	880	36,190	17,395	18,795	5	5	5
Iranian Persian	3,900	1,930	1,975	125,840	61,060	64,780	130	60	70
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	860	430	430	17,715	8,620	9,095	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	475	250	225	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	125	70	55	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	23,265	11,255	12,015	577,735	273,965	303,770	435	220	210
Catalan	25	10	15	370	185	190	0	0	0
Italian	945	425	520	92,755	38,750	54,005	10	5	5
Portuguese	2,220	1,090	1,125	118,730	56,685	62,045	90	40	50
Romanian	1,980	980	995	48,090	23,135	24,955	25	15	10
Spanish	18,095	8,740	9,360	317,365	155,005	162,360	310	165	145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	425	210	220	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	190	95	95	0	0	0
Japanese	1,075	455	615	20,055	8,290	11,765	40	10	25
Korean	7,740	3,650	4,090	125,525	58,250	67,275	95	45	50
Mongolian	305	135	170	1,050	505	545	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	2,045	965	1,080	38,600	18,055	20,545	30	10	20
Akan (Twi)	315	155	160	6,000	2,755	3,240	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
Edo	5	5	5	365	150	215	0	0	0
Éwé	10	5	10	470	225	245	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	25	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Ga	15	5	5	260	115	150	0	0	0
Ganda	15	5	10	555	260	295	0	0	0
Gikuyu	10	5	5	105	50	55	0	0	0
Igbo	195	100	100	1,530	770	765	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80	40	45	2,720	1,205	1,520	0	0	0
Lingala	35	10	20	1,520	655	860	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	90	35	60	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Mwani	20	10	5	160	85	75	0	0	0
Ndebele	40	20	20	295	130	160	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	3,780	1,760	2,025	0	0	0
Shona	85	35	50	1,035	480	555	0	0	0
Soninke	10	5	5	235	145	85	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	130	45	85	0	0	0
Swahili	275	125	145	7,055	3,290	3,765	10	0	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0	290	130	160	0	0	0
Wolof	50	25	20	1,945	1,040	910	0	0	0
Yoruba	615	290	325	5,395	2,505	2,890	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	80	2,720	1,250	1,470	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	700	350	350	3,155	1,555	1,600	0	0	0
Dinka	325	185	145	900	485	420	0	0	0
Nuer	255	110	145	645	295	355	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	1,465	705	760	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	140	75	70	0	0	0
Sign languages	380	210	165	12,160	7,005	5,160	35	30	10
American Sign Language	295	160	135	8,175	4,660	3,515	30	20	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,475	830	645	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	2,520	1,515	1,000	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,145	22,180	24,965	967,965	450,210	517,755	3,365	1,735	1,635
Chinese languages	46,220	21,715	24,505	955,685	444,115	511,565	3,325	1,710	1,610
Hakka	80	30	50	3,625	1,645	1,985	0	0	0
Mandarin	23,495	11,210	12,290	530,945	249,675	281,270	2,985	1,550	1,440
Min Dong	5	5	5	775	370	405	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	460	185	280	13,945	6,255	7,685	25	15	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	150	75	75	5,750	2,705	3,050	15	10	10
Yue (Cantonese)	21,510	9,980	11,530	393,430	180,000	213,435	275	130	140
Chinese, n.o.s.	500	230	270	6,985	3,360	3,625	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	225	110	115	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	910	460	455	11,990	5,960	6,035	45	20	20
Burmese	160	75	80	2,075	1,010	1,070	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	85	40	45	660	320	340	0	0	0
Karenic languages	165	80	85	3,400	1,725	1,675	30	15	10
S'gaw Karen	125	65	60	2,960	1,500	1,460	30	15	10
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	440	225	210	0	0	0
Tibetan	485	250	235	5,395	2,680	2,705	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	465	225	240	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	290	135	155	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	435	205	230	10,120	4,660	5,460	10	0	5
Lao	175	80	95	5,955	2,850	3,105	0	0	0
Thai	240	110	125	3,955	1,725	2,230	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	210	85	125	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,135	580	560	32,490	16,530	15,960	60	25	30
Azerbaijani	120	55	65	2,200	1,095	1,105	5	0	0
Kazakh	15	10	5	105	55	50	0	0	0
Turkish	910	470	440	27,970	14,290	13,685	55	25	30
Uyghur	35	15	20	850	420	435	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	15	25	950	470	480	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	410	195	210	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,065	505	555	18,790	8,625	10,165	25	15	10
Estonian	5	0	5	615	245	370	0	0	0
Finnish	35	20	15	1,880	825	1,050	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,025	490	540	16,295	7,550	8,745	20	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	390	195	195	0	0	0
Multiple responses	69,870	34,085	35,785	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	2,100	1,030	1,070
English and French	2,485	1,205	1,285	230,955	112,070	118,880	450	170	290
English and non-official language(s)	64,950	31,765	33,190	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	1,575	820	750
French and non-official language(s)	240	105	135	125,525	60,405	65,125	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	640	290	350	56,805	27,370	29,430	30	15	15
Multiple non-official languages	1,550	715	835	26,705	12,190	14,515	30	15	15
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,296,115	644,020	652,100	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	152,455	74,645	77,810
None	1,038,845	519,700	519,145	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	143,655	70,300	73,355
English	97,335	47,975	49,365	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	3,250	1,615	1,630
French	9,450	4,360	5,090	571,040	268,530	302,510	1,810	810	1,000
Non-official language	116,850	55,575	61,275	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	2,750	1,390	1,355
Indigenous³⁹	600	265	330	63,565	29,285	34,280	60	30	35
Non-Indigenous	116,250	55,305	60,945	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	2,690	1,365	1,325
English and French	1,235	595	640	86,185	42,600	43,585	40	10	25
English and non-official language(s)	15,885	7,880	8,005	323,845	161,995	161,850	475	260	210
French and non-official language(s)	3,285	1,535	1,755	134,565	61,575	72,995	165	75	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	105	90	11,870	5,975	5,895	15	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	13,040	6,300	6,735	234,905	115,470	119,430	305	170	140
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	150,485	73,545	76,940
Official languages	1,259,370	628,960	630,410	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	149,645	73,110	76,535
English	1,258,480	628,565	629,915	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	149,525	73,045	76,480
French	86,135	39,155	46,980	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	19,445	8,285	11,155
Non-official languages	518,025	249,240	268,785	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	16,155	8,280	7,870
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,600	630	965	243,155	116,360	126,795	160	75	80
Algonquian languages	1,045	395	650	163,815	78,135	85,675	145	75	75
Blackfoot	460	180	275	6,680	3,120	3,560	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	520	215	305	105,850	50,975	54,870	15	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360	0	0	0
Cree languages	520	215	305	87,875	42,340	45,530	10	0	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	895	450	445	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	25	15	10	4,675	2,025	2,645	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	220	65	155	12,005	5,440	6,555	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	25	0	5,110	2,460	2,650	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	235	105	130	61,000	29,930	31,070	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,035	515	525	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	10,035	4,770	5,260	135	70	65
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	9,245	4,370	4,880	135	70	65
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	820	420	400	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120	40	85	42,865	20,015	22,850	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	120	40	85	26,160	11,930	14,235	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	10	2,035	875	1,165	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	215	80	135	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	55	10	45	3,625	1,670	1,955	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	50	15	30	20,720	9,495	11,225	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	225	90	135	20,390	9,635	10,755	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	215	85	130	20,135	9,515	10,620	10	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	1,550	680	870	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	15	15	11,560	5,470	6,085	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	295	115	180	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	10	2,330	1,140	1,190	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	10	0	10	775	355	420	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	415	195	215	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,210	620	590	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	480	265	220	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	235	140	100	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	870	400	470	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	170	70	100	175	75	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	320	120	190	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	85	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	140	50	85	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	290	140	150	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	245	90	155	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	42,795	20,980	21,820	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,140	505	630	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	795	365	430	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35	10	30	41,680	20,495	21,185	10	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	0	2,055	880	1,175	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	230	95	135	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	0	1,605	655	950	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	210	105	110	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	25	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	215	90	120	0	0	0
Michif	30	10	20	1,905	850	1,050	0	0	0
Salish languages	20	20	0	5,305	2,555	2,755	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,415	670	745	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	600	285	305	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	510	300	215	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	1,090	510	580	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	325	135	185	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	705	320	390	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	190	175	0	0	0
Siouan languages	215	115	100	2,965	1,465	1,495	0	0	0
Assiniboine	15	0	15	370	195	175	0	0	0
Dakota	20	20	0	1,530	715	810	0	0	0
Stoney	170	90	80	925	470	455	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	325	180	140	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,135	555	580	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,110	595	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	15	0	15	2,205	1,010	1,200	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	295	145	145	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	335	170	170	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	820	355	465	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	700	315	390	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	310	335	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	0	15	855	405	450	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	516,570	248,665	267,905	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	16,015	8,220	7,790
Afro-Asiatic languages	52,310	27,045	25,265	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	1,320	735	585
Berber languages	275	175	95	42,835	22,775	20,060	0	0	0
Kabyle	165	90	70	37,415	19,660	17,755	0	0	0
Tamazight	80	60	20	4,735	2,720	2,015	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	25	10	1,330	750	575	0	0	0
Chadic languages	350	215	135	7,090	3,740	3,350	20	0	15
Hausa	340	210	135	5,080	2,695	2,380	20	0	15
Mina	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965	0	0	0
Coptic	85	35	45	3,690	1,790	1,900	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	4,685	2,455	2,225	71,930	34,430	37,500	60	40	20
Bilen	235	130	105	2,745	1,490	1,260	0	0	0
Oromo	2,085	1,115	970	9,635	4,860	4,780	0	0	0
Somali	2,420	1,260	1,165	59,005	27,735	31,270	60	40	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	1,400	760	645	0	0	0
Semitic languages	48,400	24,960	23,435	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	1,260	700	555
Amharic	8,360	4,130	4,230	48,305	23,910	24,395	10	10	0
Arabic	33,325	17,480	15,845	838,045	436,510	401,540	1,165	645	520
Aramaic languages	820	480	345	39,655	19,690	19,965	40	25	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	345	210	135	23,865	11,765	12,100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	370	210	160	13,285	6,625	6,655	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	120	65	50	3,195	1,625	1,570	40	25	15
Harari	80	45	35	2,000	925	1,075	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,975	1,000	975	83,205	42,515	40,685	75	40	35
Maltese	30	15	15	6,535	3,080	3,450	0	0	0
Tigrigna	7,570	3,870	3,695	45,970	23,120	22,845	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	125	90	40	1,760	1,065	695	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	19,430	8,935	10,495	260,030	120,035	139,995	785	390	395
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,135	540	595	28,390	13,100	15,290	0	0	0
Vietnamese	18,090	8,270	9,820	232,800	107,435	125,355	785	390	395
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	270	150	120	910	455	455	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	70,310	31,065	39,240	793,275	336,445	456,840	1,670	690	980
Bikol	505	265	240	4,260	1,975	2,275	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,065	475	595	10,990	4,625	6,375	15	0	10
Cebuano	3,285	1,510	1,775	33,045	13,790	19,250	15	0	10
Fijian	90	50	40	1,765	900	865	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,265	525	735	16,385	6,650	9,735	100	35	65
Ilocano	6,395	2,785	3,610	61,680	25,280	36,400	30	15	20
Indonesian	1,175	545	635	19,815	8,895	10,915	20	15	10
Kankanaey	250	105	145	1,950	770	1,175	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	85	50	35	860	345	510	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	40	20	20	3,885	1,960	1,920	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	10	1,565	785	780	0	0	0
Malay	780	350	430	10,770	4,995	5,775	25	10	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,130	490	635	10,555	4,690	5,865	0	0	0
Pangasinan	460	235	225	4,455	1,885	2,575	25	10	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	66,715	29,420	37,300	737,565	310,735	426,830	1,625	670	955
Waray-Waray	390	190	200	4,520	1,910	2,610	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,700	770	925	20,140	8,785	11,355	20	0	20
Creole languages	1,915	975	940	184,840	85,045	99,790	155	70	75
Haitian Creole	540	285	255	134,895	61,215	73,680	15	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	135	55	80	4,875	2,200	2,675	0	0	0
Krio	125	60	60	1,955	870	1,090	0	0	0
Morisyen	355	170	185	15,345	7,620	7,725	60	30	30
Sango	0	0	0	1,535	785	750	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	475	275	205	31,220	14,400	16,825	50	15	35
Creole languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	9,585	4,575	5,005	30	20	10
Dravidian languages	10,080	5,160	4,920	359,485	185,160	174,325	730	420	310
Kannada	1,075	550	530	18,420	9,660	8,760	30	15	15
Malayalam	3,775	1,935	1,840	77,910	42,025	35,890	600	335	265
Tamil	4,200	2,140	2,055	237,890	119,570	118,320	140	70	65
Telugu	2,335	1,220	1,115	54,685	30,575	24,110	65	50	15
Tulu	70	35	35	1,765	935	835	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	970	450	520	0	0	0
Georgian	220	120	100	3,015	1,565	1,445	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	720	365	360	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	257,340	126,440	130,900	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	7,735	4,145	3,590
Albanian	1,825	990	840	38,345	19,410	18,935	230	125	105
Armenian	460	265	195	44,500	21,675	22,825	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	34,205	16,055	18,150	820,305	384,390	435,915	675	355	320
Baltic languages	485	220	270	13,890	5,900	7,985	10	10	0
Latvian	155	65	90	6,020	2,595	3,425	10	10	0
Lithuanian	330	155	175	7,895	3,325	4,570	0	0	0
Slavic languages	33,920	15,935	17,985	809,985	380,025	429,960	665	350	320
Belarusian	85	30	50	2,825	1,185	1,640	0	0	0
Bulgarian	985	445	540	24,210	11,805	12,400	50	20	30
Czech	1,940	970	970	28,625	13,595	15,030	70	35	35
Macedonian	290	135	150	23,015	10,965	12,050	0	0	0
Polish	8,485	4,025	4,460	204,460	94,135	110,325	130	60	70
Russian	14,155	6,685	7,470	309,235	145,375	163,860	325	170	150
Rusyn	0	0	0	680	345	330	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	6,010	2,820	3,195	155,775	76,800	78,975	90	60	30
Bosnian	1,560	745	810	25,380	12,555	12,825	45	25	20
Croatian	3,010	1,400	1,615	73,845	36,015	37,830	55	40	15
Serbian	2,905	1,385	1,520	83,735	41,550	42,185	20	15	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	120	55	65	3,085	1,590	1,500	0	0	0
Slovak	1,295	590	700	20,905	9,455	11,450	10	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	280	115	165	10,650	4,715	5,935	15	10	0
Ukrainian	4,265	1,890	2,375	131,655	59,230	72,425	90	50	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Celtic languages	435	245	190	10,485	5,430	5,055	55	40	15
Irish	205	125	85	5,360	2,940	2,415	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	85	35	40	2,170	1,050	1,120	25	15	10
Welsh	135	80	60	2,170	1,015	1,155	15	15	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	910	495	415	0	0	0
Germanic languages	21,235	10,295	10,935	658,705	319,800	338,905	1,755	885	875
Frisian	55	20	35	2,835	1,480	1,350	30	20	10
High German languages	14,220	6,860	7,360	453,995	222,215	231,780	1,060	560	500
German	13,950	6,720	7,235	419,195	204,840	214,355	1,040	550	500
Pennsylvania German	10	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305	0	0	0
Swiss German	350	165	185	10,465	5,025	5,440	35	15	25
Yiddish	110	65	40	20,155	10,105	10,045	10	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5,870	2,990	2,885	191,840	93,435	98,405	675	340	335
Afrikaans	1,785	960	825	29,670	15,335	14,335	115	55	60
Dutch	3,780	1,890	1,885	107,985	51,330	56,650	550	285	265
Low German, n.o.s.	40	25	15	10,555	5,245	5,315	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	1,310	640	670	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	230	90	135	41,165	20,590	20,575	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	60	65	3,985	1,825	2,155	25	10	15
Scandinavian languages	1,920	895	1,030	37,500	17,205	20,300	90	35	55
Danish	940	480	460	14,700	6,805	7,900	50	25	30
Icelandic	50	15	35	1,475	685	790	0	0	0
Norwegian	380	165	215	8,860	4,180	4,675	10	10	0
Swedish	630	275	355	14,620	6,765	7,855	30	15	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Greek	2,155	1,065	1,090	145,060	71,685	73,375	60	20	35
Indo-Iranian languages	132,795	67,155	65,640	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	3,275	1,980	1,295
Indo-Aryan languages	118,560	60,020	58,540	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	2,985	1,830	1,160
Assamese	80	45	35	1,155	590	565	0	0	0
Bengali	6,005	3,015	2,990	120,605	62,330	58,270	190	145	45
Gujarati	10,800	5,485	5,315	209,415	110,000	99,405	325	240	85
Hindi	42,160	21,290	20,875	761,425	395,410	366,015	1,660	1,050	605
Kacchi	2,245	985	1,260	15,085	6,785	8,300	10	0	10
Kashmiri	190	95	95	1,830	965	865	0	0	0
Konkani	425	200	230	8,950	4,300	4,645	0	0	0
Marathi	2,245	1,150	1,095	35,230	18,210	17,020	35	25	10
Nepali	2,880	1,485	1,395	30,660	15,680	14,980	165	75	90
Oriya languages	105	45	55	3,235	1,665	1,570	0	0	0
Odia	15	10	0	1,710	925	785	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	85	40	50	1,550	755	795	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	61,205	31,170	30,030	942,170	488,075	454,090	1,550	955	595
Rohingya	0	0	0	765	345	420	0	0	0
Sindhi	630	360	270	8,385	4,480	3,910	10	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,330	640	690	33,050	16,645	16,400	80	40	40
Urdu	29,980	15,280	14,705	414,870	211,895	202,975	180	105	75
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	1,355	730	625	11,320	6,280	5,040	70	55	15
Iranian languages	16,480	8,290	8,195	370,520	186,750	183,770	285	150	135
Baluchi	65	35	30	985	565	420	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,360	690	670	24,035	13,005	11,030	0	0	0
Parsi	10	10	0	1,000	535	470	0	0	0
Pashto	2,930	1,485	1,445	31,695	16,810	14,885	0	0	0
Persian languages	12,595	6,355	6,230	326,285	163,665	162,620	285	150	135
Dari	4,430	2,165	2,265	78,220	38,765	39,460	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	6,735	3,460	3,275	222,160	111,750	110,415	250	135	115
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,605	835	770	30,345	15,460	14,880	10	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	160	75	80	1,830	970	855	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	165	90	75	2,135	1,245	895	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	71,550	34,010	37,540	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	1,950	905	1,045
Catalan	100	45	60	2,855	1,560	1,305	0	0	0
Italian	8,730	4,240	4,490	547,655	263,950	283,705	245	140	105
Portuguese	6,170	3,070	3,100	336,865	164,985	171,880	340	140	200
Romanian	5,390	2,695	2,695	116,520	55,570	60,950	60	25	35
Spanish	54,235	25,520	28,715	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	1,425	670	755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	120	75	45	4,890	2,835	2,060	10	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80	1,965	1,025	940	25	25	0
Japanese	4,845	2,125	2,715	98,070	43,380	54,690	310	130	180
Korean	11,695	5,490	6,205	203,885	92,275	111,605	100	40	55
Mongolian	640	300	335	2,545	1,085	1,455	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	16,975	8,610	8,365	267,520	131,495	136,025	320	215	110
Akan (Twi)	1,270	645	620	26,240	12,585	13,660	20	15	0
Bamanankan	35	20	15	4,950	2,570	2,380	0	0	0
Edo	310	165	145	4,945	2,315	2,630	10	0	0
Éwé	100	45	55	4,645	2,490	2,165	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	170	110	65	7,840	4,100	3,740	0	0	0
Ga	275	140	140	3,255	1,565	1,685	0	0	0
Ganda	110	60	45	4,650	2,055	2,600	0	0	0
Gikuyu	155	70	85	1,850	750	1,100	0	0	0
Igbo	2,800	1,465	1,335	18,365	9,345	9,020	35	25	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	295	140	150	13,515	6,305	7,210	50	35	15
Lingala	395	185	210	25,720	12,260	13,460	30	15	15
Luba-Kasai	75	25	50	2,695	1,300	1,395	0	0	0
Mòoré	15	10	0	2,085	1,055	1,035	0	0	0
Mwani	255	140	110	1,080	585	490	0	0	0
Ndebele	125	65	65	2,425	1,140	1,285	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	14,825	7,070	7,755	0	0	0
Shona	580	270	310	7,280	3,440	3,845	10	0	0
Soninke	20	10	10	1,010	650	360	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	120	60	55	1,305	580	725	0	0	0
Swahili	3,220	1,700	1,520	57,295	28,950	28,340	45	30	20
Wojenaka	35	25	10	2,820	1,440	1,380	0	0	0
Wolof	230	130	100	12,940	6,925	6,015	0	0	0
Yoruba	5,915	2,900	3,015	50,935	25,265	25,675	90	65	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,355	1,175	1,180	43,625	21,935	21,685	25	15	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,815	925	890	11,090	5,570	5,530	0	0	0
Dinka	815	435	380	2,815	1,470	1,345	0	0	0
Nuer	440	200	240	1,490	685	805	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	575	300	270	6,815	3,425	3,385	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	170	80	90	2,760	1,485	1,275	10	0	0
Sign languages	1,775	630	1,145	49,535	19,685	29,850	70	35	35
American Sign Language	1,495	515	980	37,620	14,430	23,195	65	25	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	335	155	185	7,450	3,515	3,940	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	81,025	38,350	42,680	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	3,275	1,590	1,685
Chinese languages	79,265	37,475	41,795	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	3,195	1,555	1,640
Hakka	390	160	235	14,830	6,845	7,980	0	0	0
Mandarin	45,330	21,095	24,235	987,300	452,995	534,305	2,940	1,415	1,535
Min Dong	35	25	15	1,825	840	980	10	0	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,295	1,000	1,295	51,755	22,840	28,920	75	35	45
Wu (Shanghainese)	335	140	195	13,660	6,060	7,600	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	42,090	19,730	22,350	724,925	335,185	389,740	445	250	195
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	395	445	11,720	5,695	6,020	65	30	35
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	1,185	560	625	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,785	885	900	22,300	10,955	11,345	90	40	45
Burmese	495	245	250	5,935	2,910	3,025	30	15	15
Kuki-Chin languages	120	60	60	1,140	520	620	0	0	0
Karenic languages	365	180	190	5,705	2,790	2,915	55	25	30
S'gaw Karen	295	145	150	5,030	2,490	2,545	55	25	30
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	845	395	450	0	0	0
Tibetan	765	395	370	9,160	4,565	4,590	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	155	70	85	1,940	890	1,050	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	105	40	65	1,220	540	680	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,640	680	955	33,705	14,255	19,440	15	0	15
Lao	595	300	295	17,630	8,320	9,310	0	0	0
Thai	1,160	445	710	18,575	6,955	11,615	15	0	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	800	330	465	0	0	0
Turkic languages	3,420	1,785	1,635	91,375	47,575	43,800	90	35	55
Azerbaijani	550	285	270	9,875	5,380	4,490	20	15	10
Kazakh	170	75	95	1,415	600	815	0	0	0
Turkish	2,530	1,425	1,100	78,500	41,130	37,365	75	25	50
Uyghur	110	30	80	1,660	790	875	0	0	0
Uzbek	180	80	100	3,290	1,645	1,640	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	65	2,150	980	1,165	0	0	0
Uralic languages	3,760	1,750	2,010	85,055	39,290	45,765	105	30	70
Estonian	125	55	70	5,315	2,320	2,990	0	0	0
Finnish	360	170	190	15,325	6,735	8,590	25	0	20
Hungarian	3,290	1,535	1,755	64,625	30,320	34,300	75	25	50
Other languages, n.i.e.	485	275	210	5,545	2,750	2,790	35	20	15
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	150,480	73,545	76,940
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	41,350	19,270	22,085	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	3,385	1,620	1,765
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	39,720	18,515	21,210	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	3,185	1,545	1,635
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,440	8,300	10,135	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	2,165	1,070	1,090
Métis	20,855	9,990	10,865	624,220	306,220	318,000	845	395	450
Inuk (Inuit)	430	220	205	70,540	34,645	35,895	180	85	95
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	865	385	475	28,855	13,645	15,215	30	10	20
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	765	365	395	35,225	16,620	18,610	165	60	110
Non-Indigenous identity	1,250,420	622,865	627,555	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	147,100	71,925	75,175
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	150,480	73,545	76,940
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	14,405	6,575	7,825	831,720	402,310	429,405	1,460	705	765
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,277,370	635,560	641,810	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	149,020	72,840	76,180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Owner	345,690	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	44,420	...	...
Renter	156,615	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	19,990	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Condominium	124,190	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	1,860	...	...
Not condominium	378,115	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	62,710	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
No bedrooms	2,920	...	...	132,060	...	...	205	...	...
1 bedroom	59,385	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	6,035	...	...
2 bedrooms	116,625	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	17,730	...	...
3 bedrooms	167,895	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	24,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	155,480	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	16,090	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	153,485	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	15,865	...	...
5 rooms	78,585	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	10,815	...	...
6 rooms	69,385	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	9,985	...	...
7 rooms	59,530	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	8,705	...	...
8 or more rooms	141,320	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	19,200	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
One person or fewer per room	486,420	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	63,890	...	...
More than one person per room	15,885	...	...	353,715	...	...	680	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Suitable	476,790	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	62,550	...	...
Not suitable	25,515	...	...	805,650	...	...	2,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
1960 or before	43,855	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	14,795	...	...
1961 to 1980	133,035	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	16,450	...	...
1981 to 1990	59,780	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	8,110	...	...
1991 to 2000	75,685	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	8,100	...	...
2001 to 2005	50,390	...	...	959,860	...	...	3,870	...	...
2006 to 2010	47,665	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	4,360	...	...
2011 to 2015	45,850	...	...	967,540	...	...	4,100	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	46,045	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	4,790	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	479,525	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	59,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,780	...	...	919,545	...	...	4,575	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
One-maintainer household	242,815	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	32,085	...	...
Two-maintainer household	228,860	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	30,070	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,630	...	...	687,485	...	...	2,415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,825	...	...	424,695	...	...	2,460	...	...
25 to 34 years	83,280	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	8,045	...	...
35 to 44 years	110,705	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	9,530	...	...
45 to 54 years	100,130	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	10,945	...	...
55 to 64 years	93,305	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	13,405	...	...
65 to 74 years	62,865	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	12,060	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,860	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	6,215	...	...
85 years and over	10,340	...	...	457,900	...	...	1,910	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	499,855	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	63,470	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	385,380	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	53,610	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	114,470	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	9,865	...	...
30% to less than 100%	102,665	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	8,995	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	150,520	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	15,305	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	103,650	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	8,855	...	...
Not suitable only	19,875	...	...	595,110	...	...	1,690	...	...
Major repairs needed only	14,995	...	...	645,465	...	...	3,630	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	4,215	...	...	135,770	...	...	190	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	6,360	...	...	199,355	...	...	805	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,170	...	...	64,095	...	...	125	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	10,630	...	...	15	...	...
Acceptable housing	351,785	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	49,260	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	488,040	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	62,605	...	...
In core need	49,860	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	4,370	...	...
Not in core need	438,185	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	58,235	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	345,680	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	43,730	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.2	...	...	60.0	...	...	55.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.7	...	...	14.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	5.3	...	...	3.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,240	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,774	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,031	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	456,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	519,500	...	...	618,500	...	...	313,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	156,615	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	19,985	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0	...	...	11.7	...	...	18.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.4	...	...	33.2	...	...	30.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.6	...	...	20.0	...	...	14.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,070	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,404	...	...	1,209	...	...	996	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	165	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	284	...	...	226	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	327	...	...	272	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	150,480	73,540	76,940
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	14,495	6,615	7,875	985,200	480,950	504,245	1,680	825	850
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	14,125	6,430	7,695	963,705	470,850	492,855	1,650	820	830
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10,035	4,560	5,475	763,230	371,400	391,825	1,415	700	710
Métis single ancestry	3,975	1,790	2,185	146,010	72,680	73,325	170	95	75
Inuit single ancestry	115	75	40	54,475	26,770	27,700	70	25	45
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	370	190	185	21,490	10,095	11,395	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	355	180	180	17,665	8,215	9,450	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	15	0	1,070	530	535	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	34,850	16,545	18,305	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	3,870	1,780	2,095
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	33,825	16,090	17,740	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	3,795	1,740	2,060
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	19,015	9,015	10,005	801,630	384,550	417,075	2,990	1,355	1,635
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	14,490	6,925	7,565	362,130	174,975	187,150	660	315	345
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	320	145	170	19,595	9,450	10,150	145	65	80
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	1,030	460	570	35,930	16,605	19,320	75	45	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	935	420	515	31,815	14,790	17,025	60	30	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	20	35	2,785	1,190	1,595	15	15	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	1,005	500	505	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	330	125	210	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,242,425	618,970	623,455	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	144,930	70,935	74,000
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	150,480	73,540	76,940
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,131,540	565,050	566,495	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	138,690	67,315	71,375
Canadian citizens aged under 18	257,900	132,670	125,230	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	26,690	13,640	13,045
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	873,645	432,380	441,265	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	112,005	53,670	58,330
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	160,225	77,085	83,140	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	11,795	6,225	5,565
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	150,480	73,540	76,940
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	834,100	420,985	413,120	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	133,285	64,765	68,520
Immigrants⁸¹	430,640	207,060	223,575	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	11,765	5,740	6,025
Before 1980	48,430	23,310	25,115	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	2,170	1,000	1,170
1980 to 1990	40,330	19,730	20,600	924,320	443,805	480,520	720	365	355
1991 to 2000	61,465	29,575	31,890	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	710	300	415
2001 to 2010	117,055	56,175	60,875	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	1,685	810	875
2011 to 2021⁸²	163,365	78,275	85,095	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	6,475	3,260	3,210
2011 to 2015	82,050	39,320	42,735	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	1,615	815	800
2016 to 2021	81,315	38,960	42,360	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	4,860	2,445	2,410
Non-permanent residents⁸³	27,025	14,085	12,940	924,850	499,490	425,365	5,430	3,040	2,395
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	430,640	207,065	223,575	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	11,765	5,740	6,025
Under 5 years	37,050	18,960	18,090	748,265	377,795	370,470	1,130	560	570
5 to 14 years	71,460	37,200	34,265	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	2,420	1,285	1,130
15 to 24 years	74,550	34,020	40,525	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	1,905	940	970
25 to 44 years	204,525	97,045	107,480	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	4,900	2,190	2,710
45 years and over	43,060	19,840	23,220	797,180	364,260	432,920	1,405	765	640
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	430,640	207,065	223,575	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	11,765	5,740	6,025
Americas	44,125	20,585	23,540	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	1,830	830	1,000
Brazil	2,010	890	1,120	48,450	22,405	26,050	85	40	50
Colombia	5,865	2,710	3,160	80,570	36,675	43,900	40	10	30
El Salvador	2,425	1,135	1,290	49,450	24,430	25,015	40	20	15
Guyana	740	340	400	85,530	37,870	47,660	15	15	0
Haiti	510	295	220	99,945	44,585	55,360	10	10	0
Jamaica	3,135	1,475	1,660	145,360	63,430	81,925	130	65	60
Mexico	4,895	2,410	2,480	90,585	42,215	48,370	50	10	35
Peru	1,070	470	595	31,420	13,925	17,490	15	0	15
Trinidad and Tobago	1,315	620	695	65,035	29,110	35,930	25	10	15
United States of America	10,895	4,960	5,935	256,090	115,380	140,705	1,170	505	665
Other places of birth in Americas	11,260	5,275	5,985	250,760	116,305	134,460	260	150	105
Europe	68,740	34,275	34,465	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	3,275	1,630	1,645
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,000	960	1,045	35,925	17,705	18,220	55	25	30
Croatia	1,330	620	705	36,675	18,115	18,560	20	20	0
France	1,265	645	620	121,525	63,845	57,685	110	40	70
Germany	4,685	2,155	2,525	126,470	60,560	65,915	185	90	100
Greece	865	455	415	54,715	27,050	27,665	10	10	0
Hungary	1,550	740	815	31,050	14,595	16,450	45	20	20
Italy	3,075	1,590	1,490	204,065	101,445	102,625	75	35	35
Netherlands	2,620	1,375	1,245	75,830	39,020	36,810	430	240	185
Poland	5,890	2,750	3,140	135,030	60,660	74,370	100	50	45
Portugal	990	505	485	128,795	62,880	65,910	80	45	35
Romania	4,025	2,030	1,995	86,770	40,820	45,955	35	10	20
Russian Federation	4,210	1,785	2,430	81,840	35,185	46,650	105	45	60
Serbia⁸⁶	980	460	515	31,925	15,480	16,450	10	0	10
Ukraine	3,035	1,385	1,655	81,135	36,840	44,295	75	40	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20,420	10,815	9,600	464,135	229,710	234,430	1,385	670	710
Other places of birth in Europe	11,795	6,010	5,780	271,725	131,935	139,790	575	290	285
Africa	51,610	26,045	25,560	821,735	412,365	409,375	625	320	310
Algeria	630	310	315	79,660	41,065	38,600	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	855	425	435	33,110	15,775	17,340	15	0	15
Egypt	3,320	1,745	1,575	73,710	38,730	34,980	55	25	25
Eritrea	4,720	2,465	2,250	31,385	16,575	14,815	0	0	0
Ethiopia	7,090	3,435	3,655	41,715	19,955	21,760	10	0	0
Morocco	870	445	425	81,775	41,085	40,685	60	30	25
Nigeria	12,450	6,340	6,110	81,290	41,665	39,620	110	55	60
Somalia	1,580	775	805	32,500	14,600	17,900	25	15	10
South Africa, Republic of	3,095	1,620	1,480	51,590	25,740	25,855	120	55	65
Other places of birth in Africa	17,005	8,480	8,525	314,995	157,170	157,825	220	120	95
Asia	262,700	124,535	138,160	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	5,965	2,920	3,040
Afghanistan	3,980	1,970	2,010	62,450	30,940	31,515	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	5,515	2,865	2,650	182,940	92,300	90,645	185	110	80
Iraq	3,935	1,990	1,950	84,130	42,660	41,465	55	35	20
Lebanon	4,095	2,205	1,890	95,725	50,675	45,055	140	85	55
Syria⁸⁹	4,340	2,280	2,060	97,590	49,855	47,735	400	210	185
Turkey	1,085	540	545	35,270	18,835	16,435	25	10	10
China⁹⁰	36,245	16,615	19,625	715,835	317,970	397,860	1,675	820	855
Hong Kong⁹¹	10,775	5,180	5,595	213,855	100,480	113,375	125	80	45
Korea, South⁹²	8,215	3,835	4,375	138,355	63,025	75,325	40	15	30
Taiwan	2,110	885	1,220	65,365	28,725	36,635	155	65	90
Philippines	65,430	29,000	36,430	719,580	305,115	414,460	1,015	390	620
Viet Nam	15,395	6,875	8,525	182,095	82,670	99,425	525	265	260
Bangladesh	3,510	1,785	1,725	70,090	35,675	34,415	90	55	35
India	56,510	28,275	28,240	898,050	451,120	446,930	835	475	360
Pakistan	18,375	9,305	9,070	234,105	118,390	115,715	85	45	35
Sri Lanka	1,820	900	925	136,240	66,215	70,030	70	35	30
Other places of birth in Asia	21,375	10,040	11,335	375,340	175,930	199,410	530	225	305
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	3,470	1,630	1,840	61,965	31,055	30,910	70	40	35
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	81,315	38,960	42,360	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	4,860	2,450	2,410
Americas	7,550	3,475	4,070	154,490	74,275	80,215	465	210	250
Brazil	840	355	490	19,895	9,340	10,560	50	30	20
Colombia	615	245	370	11,455	5,090	6,365	35	15	25
Haiti	105	55	45	10,550	5,155	5,400	0	0	0
Jamaica	475	215	255	15,155	7,740	7,420	110	45	60
Mexico	1,265	645	615	17,150	8,405	8,745	30	10	15
United States of America	2,130	1,000	1,130	39,875	19,790	20,085	140	45	95
Venezuela⁹⁵	885	390	500	7,060	2,980	4,075	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,245	570	675	33,350	15,785	17,570	100	60	35
Europe	6,505	3,340	3,170	134,425	69,310	65,120	445	210	230
France	200	95	105	27,175	14,560	12,610	45	25	15
Germany	225	105	120	5,365	2,660	2,705	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	470	315	160	6,355	4,000	2,350	15	10	10
Italy	260	160	105	4,240	2,470	1,770	35	10	20
Russian Federation	635	235	405	10,905	4,335	6,570	45	20	30
Ukraine	680	295	385	14,515	6,570	7,945	35	20	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,420	805	610	22,755	13,550	9,200	130	65	70
Other places of birth in Europe	2,615	1,330	1,290	43,120	21,160	21,960	135	70	70
Africa	15,065	7,475	7,590	206,965	102,875	104,090	270	135	130
Algeria	60	15	50	15,745	7,530	8,220	0	0	0
Burundi	40	15	25	4,935	2,420	2,510	0	0	0
Cameroon	380	170	210	11,795	5,545	6,250	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	85	75	8,915	4,200	4,720	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	55	30	20	7,915	3,795	4,125	0	0	0
Egypt	595	300	300	12,120	6,285	5,835	30	20	15
Eritrea	2,525	1,325	1,195	16,330	8,755	7,575	0	0	0
Ethiopia	1,845	880	965	9,385	4,415	4,970	0	0	0
Morocco	210	95	110	12,835	6,025	6,810	10	0	10
Nigeria	5,885	2,895	2,990	40,360	20,575	19,780	85	40	45
Somalia	310	140	170	6,315	3,240	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	650	360	295	8,510	4,290	4,220	30	10	15
Sudan⁹⁷	445	215	225	4,690	2,375	2,315	0	0	0
Tunisia	95	65	30	8,155	4,185	3,975	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,815	895	920	38,960	19,250	19,715	65	40	25
Asia	51,570	24,320	27,250	823,205	393,110	430,090	3,660	1,880	1,780
Afghanistan	845	405	435	12,730	6,290	6,440	0	0	0
Bangladesh	630	310	320	13,185	6,670	6,515	50	25	20
China⁹⁰	5,520	2,410	3,115	118,035	50,365	67,665	1,170	595	575
Hong Kong⁹¹	310	120	190	6,495	2,880	3,620	70	45	30
India	14,070	7,095	6,970	246,995	128,205	118,790	665	390	280
Iran⁸⁸	865	415	445	25,650	12,310	13,340	10	0	10
Iraq	945	440	505	17,715	8,835	8,875	40	25	15
Israel	340	185	150	4,850	2,565	2,290	10	10	0
Japan	170	25	140	4,445	1,035	3,410	0	0	0
Jordan	165	90	70	4,635	2,375	2,260	20	15	0
Korea, South⁹²	1,740	740	1,000	20,985	8,790	12,200	0	0	0
Lebanon	425	215	210	9,980	5,120	4,860	30	20	0
Nepal	460	235	230	4,890	2,475	2,415	20	10	10
Pakistan	2,315	1,130	1,185	36,255	18,070	18,190	15	10	0
Philippines	15,485	7,055	8,435	151,490	66,720	84,765	630	255	370
Saudi Arabia	265	160	105	9,560	5,195	4,365	25	15	10
Sri Lanka	145	75	70	8,480	4,010	4,465	30	20	15
Syria⁸⁹	3,070	1,630	1,445	63,130	32,725	30,410	220	125	95
Turkey	405	175	225	10,150	5,520	4,635	10	0	10
United Arab Emirates	360	200	165	8,405	4,325	4,085	55	15	35
Viet Nam	955	310	640	14,725	5,605	9,125	470	240	230
Other places of birth in Asia	2,090	885	1,205	30,410	13,035	17,375	115	55	65
Oceania and other⁹³	620	345	280	9,160	5,335	3,825	25	10	10
Australia	435	230	205	6,535	3,845	2,685	20	10	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	185	115	75	2,625	1,490	1,135	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	150,485	73,545	76,940
First generation¹⁰⁰	471,470	228,280	243,195	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	18,220	9,240	8,975
Second generation¹⁰¹	281,465	142,090	139,380	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	9,775	4,825	4,950
Third generation or more¹⁰²	538,830	271,765	267,065	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	122,495	59,475	63,020
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	382,215	183,750	198,460	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	9,595	4,740	4,855
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	215,420	108,005	107,410	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	7,100	3,605	3,495
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	88,050	52,955	35,090	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	2,925	1,635	1,285
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	127,375	55,055	72,315	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	4,175	1,975	2,205
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	107,140	43,925	63,210	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	1,420	585	835
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55,735	29,885	25,845	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	1,010	510	505
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,920	1,925	1,990	91,900	42,145	49,755	60	35	30
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	382,215	183,750	198,460	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	9,595	4,740	4,855
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	13,615	7,955	5,660	416,105	222,895	193,205	50	20	30
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	46,635	20,170	26,460	705,405	324,370	381,035	1,525	740	785
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	9,450	4,855	4,595	183,250	92,135	91,110	370	170	200
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	22,045	11,495	10,545	377,130	188,535	188,590	915	505	405
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,375	605	770	39,540	15,685	23,855	25	15	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	289,095	138,665	150,425	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	6,710	3,290	3,420
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	150,485	73,545	76,940
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	534,695	262,355	272,340	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	14,310	7,420	6,890
South Asian	141,660	71,810	69,845	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	3,735	2,290	1,450
Chinese	91,410	44,315	47,095	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	3,335	1,615	1,730
Black	70,680	35,655	35,020	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	1,815	990	825
Filipino	84,215	38,660	45,550	957,355	427,755	529,600	1,760	725	1,035
Arab	30,735	16,175	14,560	694,015	362,845	331,170	1,125	605	520
Latin American	31,855	15,340	16,520	580,235	281,030	299,200	585	285	300
Southeast Asian	26,395	12,300	14,095	390,340	184,120	206,220	1,040	485	555
West Asian	15,150	7,705	7,440	360,495	181,795	178,695	295	170	125
Korean	12,380	5,945	6,430	218,140	101,855	116,285	120	60	60
Japanese	5,825	2,530	3,295	98,890	42,315	56,575	190	50	140
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,445	2,710	2,740	172,885	83,310	89,580	125	65	60
Multiple visible minorities	18,955	9,210	9,745	331,805	160,790	171,010	170	90	80
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	757,075	379,775	377,295	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	136,175	66,125	70,055
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	150,485	73,540	76,940
Canadian	125,490	65,430	60,065	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	22,825	11,140	11,680
English	205,980	102,400	103,575	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	36,050	17,210	18,840
Irish	153,865	74,665	79,195	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	41,845	19,570	22,275
Scottish	177,490	87,675	89,815	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	51,235	24,155	27,085
French, n.o.s.¹²²	79,635	39,135	40,500	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	21,355	10,150	11,200
German	146,970	72,775	74,190	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	7,175	3,390	3,785
Chinese	96,180	46,325	49,860	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	3,050	1,450	1,600
Italian	36,235	18,060	18,175	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	1,655	830	830
Indian (India)	71,115	35,960	35,155	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	2,280	1,440	840
Ukrainian	69,030	33,640	35,390	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	1,050	525	520
Dutch	38,505	19,070	19,430	988,585	489,045	499,545	4,465	2,205	2,260
Polish	42,735	20,560	22,175	982,820	472,290	510,525	1,055	445	610
Québécois	1,580	785	795	981,635	490,130	491,510	195	110	85
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	41,520	20,955	20,570	938,950	462,420	476,530	3,170	1,575	1,600
Filipino	79,200	36,580	42,625	925,490	414,915	510,570	1,600	675	925
French Canadian	9,130	4,545	4,590	906,315	441,610	464,705	970	440	530
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20,860	10,850	10,005	691,260	347,080	344,175	6,135	2,975	3,165
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	12,415	5,805	6,615	632,340	304,220	328,120	1,705	765	935
Métis	19,805	9,345	10,460	560,335	271,985	288,350	915	445	470
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,790	11,410	11,380	551,910	278,060	273,850	2,230	1,065	1,170
Russian	28,470	13,255	15,215	548,140	260,075	288,065	545	235	305
Norwegian	32,675	15,535	17,140	466,500	224,290	242,210	620	260	365
Welsh	21,030	9,965	11,065	455,720	216,490	239,230	2,495	1,235	1,260
Portuguese	6,770	3,400	3,370	448,305	222,770	225,535	425	215	205
American	18,030	8,720	9,310	353,495	172,240	181,255	1,080	505	570
Spanish	17,085	7,820	9,265	342,040	160,475	181,570	565	285	270
Swedish	20,940	10,255	10,685	334,505	156,840	177,665	420	160	260
Hungarian	16,335	7,965	8,375	320,150	155,755	164,395	425	210	220
Acadian	2,935	1,520	1,415	305,170	145,500	159,675	8,265	3,935	4,330
Pakistani	22,800	11,565	11,240	303,260	154,435	148,825	110	70	40
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	13,470	6,635	6,830	301,955	148,335	153,625	485	230	250
Jewish	6,595	3,345	3,250	282,015	141,530	140,490	260	135	115
Punjabi	18,050	9,135	8,920	279,950	145,620	134,330	420	195	225
Vietnamese	21,145	9,890	11,255	275,530	131,075	144,445	730	350	380
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10,585	5,620	4,965	263,710	138,210	125,500	485	270	215
Greek	5,540	2,865	2,680	262,140	132,975	129,160	220	115	105
Jamaican	5,860	2,915	2,950	249,070	119,265	129,805	300	160	140
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	14,510	6,955	7,555	226,220	107,785	118,435	415	225	190
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	5,915	2,675	3,240	219,855	105,825	114,030	100	50	50
Korean	12,445	5,920	6,525	217,650	101,805	115,845	130	60	70
Romanian	10,540	4,990	5,545	215,885	103,720	112,165	110	45	65
Lebanese	11,360	5,955	5,405	210,605	107,990	102,615	715	365	350
Iranian	6,105	3,130	2,975	200,465	100,790	99,675	205	110	100
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	4,815	2,325	2,490	200,340	99,800	100,540	560	270	280
Danish	14,575	7,305	7,270	196,945	96,220	100,725	685	345	350
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	4,225	2,020	2,200	194,840	94,035	100,810	725	350	375
Sikh	14,120	7,270	6,850	194,640	101,255	93,385	230	145	75
Austrian	10,255	5,080	5,175	189,535	92,740	96,800	190	80	110
Belgian	5,295	2,545	2,755	182,175	90,150	92,030	340	155	185
Haitian	930	475	455	178,990	84,510	94,490	30	25	10
Hindu	8,550	4,305	4,245	166,160	87,665	78,495	285	200	90
Mexican	7,685	3,755	3,930	155,495	77,435	78,055	255	160	95
Mennonite	3,750	1,840	1,910	155,095	77,735	77,360	15	15	0
Swiss	5,765	2,795	2,965	145,570	72,015	73,555	505	260	240
Finnish	5,250	2,540	2,705	144,055	69,270	74,785	110	30	80
Sri Lankan	1,865	925	940	132,410	65,175	67,240	100	60	40
Croatian	5,170	2,540	2,635	130,820	64,915	65,905	130	70	55
Japanese	7,785	3,465	4,320	129,425	56,850	72,580	250	85	165
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	4,655	2,305	2,345	120,125	60,575	59,550	145	80	60
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,330	620	705	111,605	53,700	57,905	1,560	730	835
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	6,340	3,050	3,290	110,735	54,730	56,005	355	170	190
Muslim	6,060	3,145	2,915	105,620	54,095	51,525	40	15	25
Egyptian	4,610	2,475	2,135	105,245	55,230	50,020	85	35	50
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	5,960	2,910	3,050	104,765	51,375	53,395	125	45	80
Tamil	1,370	710	665	102,170	51,165	51,005	0	0	0
Icelandic	6,025	3,195	2,830	101,990	50,370	51,620	135	75	55
Colombian	6,420	3,075	3,345	100,555	47,995	52,560	60	15	40
Moroccan	880	425	460	99,980	50,835	49,150	70	40	25
Czech	6,295	3,085	3,215	98,925	47,495	51,430	110	50	65
Syrian	4,215	2,150	2,065	98,250	49,385	48,865	390	190	200
Guyanese	1,210	595	615	97,210	46,270	50,940	50	35	10
Afghan	6,465	3,170	3,290	96,810	48,255	48,550	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	2,530	1,325	1,205	94,585	44,335	50,250	205	105	100
Serbian	3,125	1,485	1,635	93,360	46,945	46,410	55	40	15
Ojibway	1,165	595	575	92,220	44,610	47,600	70	25	50
Newfoundlander	1,500	795	705	91,670	45,665	46,005	375	200	170
Hong Konger	3,940	1,925	2,015	81,680	39,485	42,195	200	110	85
Ontarian	1,030	470	565	80,555	39,675	40,880	150	75	75
Persian	2,700	1,440	1,260	80,340	41,415	38,925	60	35	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,495	745	750	77,405	37,655	39,750	30	10	15
Turkish	2,610	1,435	1,175	76,745	39,955	36,795	50	30	20
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	520	265	255	76,675	37,315	39,365	255	110	145
Bangladeshi	3,570	1,810	1,765	75,425	39,085	36,335	110	85	25
Algerian	645	320	320	73,770	38,035	35,740	0	0	0
Brazilian	2,555	1,260	1,290	71,755	34,670	37,085	160	65	95
Nigerian	8,120	4,145	3,975	69,540	34,680	34,860	185	90	90
Armenian	925	495	430	68,850	34,105	34,745	25	20	10
Slovak	3,520	1,750	1,770	68,210	33,475	34,740	90	45	45
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,620	1,220	1,400	66,780	31,525	35,255	120	55	65
Somali	2,830	1,485	1,350	65,555	31,555	33,995	60	40	20
Taiwanese	2,120	890	1,230	64,020	29,280	34,740	170	75	100
Iraqi	3,035	1,470	1,570	59,300	29,865	29,435	30	15	15
Salvadorean	2,325	1,150	1,175	59,280	29,150	30,130	20	10	10
African Caribbean	930	495	430	59,050	26,385	32,670	25	20	10
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	3,670	1,710	1,960	58,870	27,845	31,025	115	65	50
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	2,645	1,375	1,270	58,840	30,560	28,280	60	35	25
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,330	650	680	57,195	25,715	31,475	65	35	30
Algonquin	380	165	220	56,070	27,025	29,040	35	10	25
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	835	370	465	52,085	23,685	28,395	45	10	35
Lithuanian	2,015	880	1,130	52,040	24,510	27,530	95	20	75
South African	2,915	1,465	1,445	49,840	24,885	24,955	65	40	30
Australian	3,060	1,585	1,475	46,765	24,165	22,595	120	60	60
Palestinian	1,675	910	760	45,905	23,930	21,975	90	60	40
Chilean	2,925	1,505	1,420	45,685	22,520	23,165	55	40	15
Congolese	1,045	500	545	45,260	22,000	23,260	20	10	10
Nova Scotian	850	380	470	44,720	21,700	23,025	250	105	145
Ethiopian	6,695	3,225	3,465	42,545	20,675	21,875	10	10	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	2,920	1,375	1,550	42,405	20,105	22,300	60	30	25
Peruvian	1,450	690	760	42,295	19,925	22,370	10	0	10
Yoruba	5,200	2,640	2,560	42,075	21,740	20,330	110	65	45
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,960	965	985	41,950	19,835	22,115	0	0	0
Berber	405	225	175	41,700	22,325	19,370	0	0	0
Albanian	1,870	1,030	835	41,620	21,050	20,570	105	55	50
Maltese	505	230	275	40,670	20,210	20,455	60	50	10
Macedonian	385	185	200	39,440	19,500	19,940	20	10	10
Slovenian	1,445	715	730	38,595	18,785	19,815	55	35	20
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	1,960	925	1,035	38,520	18,935	19,585	125	45	80
New Brunswicker	410	170	235	37,670	18,235	19,435	175	90	85
Gujarati	1,665	880	785	36,970	19,580	17,385	50	30	20
Eritrean	5,320	2,700	2,615	36,290	18,185	18,110	0	0	0
African Canadian	940	465	475	35,395	17,140	18,250	90	45	45
Israeli	1,095	565	525	35,345	18,410	16,940	50	20	30
Mohawk	500	300	200	33,330	16,485	16,845	40	20	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	1,685	790	900	33,135	15,355	17,775	65	20	40
Bulgarian	1,305	635	670	33,085	16,235	16,850	65	35	30
Albertan	5,465	2,785	2,685	32,575	16,525	16,055	45	25	20
Ghanaian	1,405	705	700	31,720	15,650	16,065	10	10	0
Barbadian	640	310	330	31,440	15,265	16,175	15	10	10
African American	935	435	495	31,430	15,700	15,730	115	60	60
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	1,030	545	480	30,565	14,635	15,930	20	10	15
Tunisian	300	150	155	30,465	16,585	13,875	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,305	675	630	30,220	15,225	14,995	30	10	20
Cuban	830	395	435	30,065	14,830	15,235	30	20	0
Bosnian	1,870	890	975	28,490	14,320	14,170	25	20	10
Venezuelan	3,025	1,445	1,575	28,395	13,220	15,175	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	15	10	28,225	13,490	14,735	20	10	15
Latvian	1,025	485	540	28,140	13,515	14,620	110	60	55
Bengali	1,200	585	610	26,675	13,830	12,850	25	20	10
Cameroonian	930	485	450	26,535	12,960	13,580	15	0	10
Guatemalan	1,200	555	645	26,460	13,920	12,540	20	10	10
Indonesian	1,555	750	800	26,330	11,910	14,415	10	10	0
Laotian	1,015	505	510	25,875	12,500	13,375	0	0	0
Ilocano	2,575	1,195	1,380	25,575	11,860	13,715	25	15	10
Northern Irish	920	445	475	25,200	12,495	12,710	40	15	25
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	805	420	385	24,420	12,265	12,155	195	75	120
British Columbian	520	295	225	24,325	12,230	12,095	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	405	210	190	24,255	11,510	12,745	15	10	0
Franco Ontarian	125	85	40	24,110	11,540	12,570	10	10	0
Argentinian	1,050	545	510	23,500	11,665	11,840	20	10	10
Estonian	980	480	500	23,455	11,080	12,375	25	15	10
Kurdish	1,060	525	530	23,130	12,670	10,460	0	0	0
Fijian	1,145	525	620	23,020	11,040	11,980	0	0	0
Jatt	1,410	705	705	22,785	11,695	11,090	20	10	10
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	645	320	325	22,785	11,680	11,105	130	70	60
Coptic	440	225	215	22,570	11,405	11,165	0	0	0
Thai	1,185	370	810	22,275	8,525	13,750	20	0	20
Dominican	405	245	160	22,125	10,615	11,510	10	10	0
Nepali	2,255	1,175	1,085	21,975	11,215	10,765	130	70	60
Kabyle	95	50	45	20,565	10,595	9,975	0	0	0
Assyrian	420	215	200	19,685	9,730	9,955	0	0	0
Igbo	3,150	1,635	1,515	19,305	9,890	9,415	70	45	20
Byelorussian	730	350	380	18,850	9,055	9,795	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	215	95	120	18,745	9,030	9,710	10	10	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	1,580	685	895	18,545	8,975	9,570	20	20	0
Abenaki	50	20	25	18,420	8,545	9,870	0	0	0
Moldovan	990	545	445	18,190	8,850	9,340	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	245	125	120	17,955	8,625	9,330	0	0	0
New Zealander	1,095	590	500	17,755	9,275	8,470	15	15	0
Sudanese	2,480	1,205	1,275	17,485	8,825	8,665	0	0	0
Breton	40	30	10	17,465	8,710	8,755	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	350	125	225	17,315	7,300	10,020	45	20	25
Malaysian	1,175	560	620	17,050	7,935	9,115	15	0	10
Plains Cree	200	100	95	16,570	8,255	8,310	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	420	210	210	16,315	8,565	7,750	50	20	30
Huron (Wendat)	80	40	45	15,910	7,715	8,195	15	15	0
Saskatchewanian	1,150	595	555	15,780	7,505	8,280	25	0	20
Buddhist	1,010	480	525	15,660	7,485	8,175	0	0	0
Gaspesian	10	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360	0	0	0
Norman	145	100	45	15,340	8,155	7,190	10	10	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	1,270	645	625	15,055	7,180	7,875	10	0	0
Ivorian	210	110	105	15,010	7,255	7,755	0	0	0
Saulteaux	280	120	160	14,265	6,730	7,535	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	160	60	105	14,260	6,525	7,735	0	0	0
Burundian	150	70	85	14,110	6,810	7,295	0	0	0
Tigrinya	2,240	1,220	1,020	13,910	7,435	6,470	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	800	355	445	13,840	6,730	7,120	25	15	10
Mauritian	450	190	255	13,755	7,020	6,730	15	0	15
Kenyan	1,050	510	540	13,565	6,510	7,055	25	15	0
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	13,525	6,610	6,915	0	0	0
Vincentian	175	65	110	13,245	5,800	7,445	0	0	0
Jordanian	445	220	225	13,225	7,055	6,170	10	10	0
Manitoban	460	245	210	13,095	6,530	6,565	25	15	0
Cape Bretoner	175	90	85	13,065	6,175	6,885	85	35	45
Rwandan	280	150	130	12,890	6,150	6,740	15	15	0
Grenadian	225	90	135	12,890	5,965	6,930	15	15	0
Malayali	665	375	290	12,490	6,580	5,910	65	40	30
Chaldean	165	80	85	12,115	6,080	6,035	0	0	0
Sinhalese	555	255	305	12,080	5,905	6,170	0	0	0
Mayan	575	310	270	11,710	5,980	5,730	35	10	30
Honduran	340	150	185	10,920	5,370	5,550	10	10	0
Cherokee	545	255	285	10,825	5,080	5,745	50	30	20
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	110	45	65	10,750	5,130	5,620	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	140	70	70	10,490	4,710	5,775	10	0	0
Flemish	420	190	235	10,275	4,950	5,325	60	30	25
United Empire Loyalist	180	65	115	10,015	4,975	5,045	100	70	30
Senegalese	140	100	35	9,955	5,115	4,840	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	670	350	320	9,915	5,165	4,750	0	0	0
Sicilian	110	35	70	9,835	5,135	4,695	15	15	0
Pashtun	820	420	400	9,825	5,195	4,625	0	0	0
Malay	790	340	450	9,795	4,725	5,065	35	20	15
Goan	350	185	165	9,700	4,710	4,990	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	330	165	160	9,455	4,705	4,755	0	0	0
Tibetan	790	415	375	9,350	4,650	4,700	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	660	295	365	9,165	4,435	4,725	20	10	10
Burmese	540	250	285	9,150	4,385	4,760	80	40	40
Mongolian	985	455	535	9,090	4,240	4,850	15	10	10
Azorean	70	25	45	8,970	4,235	4,735	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125	0	0	0
Bamileke	105	60	45	8,315	4,220	4,090	25	0	20
Indo-Guyanese	80	45	35	8,310	3,765	4,545	0	0	0
Ugandan	300	145	150	8,285	3,910	4,375	0	0	0
Oromo	1,560	875	685	8,255	4,425	3,830	0	0	0
Tanzanian	795	425	375	8,140	3,945	4,195	20	10	0
Yemeni	555	280	275	8,115	3,995	4,130	0	0	0
Central African	70	35	40	8,080	3,830	4,250	0	0	0
Libyan	445	255	190	7,945	4,265	3,680	0	0	0
Basque	175	80	90	7,745	4,030	3,710	65	30	35
Uruguayan	85	40	45	7,660	3,870	3,790	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	295	125	165	7,640	3,835	3,805	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	345	210	130	7,635	3,690	3,950	0	0	0
Igorot	1,195	560	625	7,535	3,305	4,230	0	0	0
Fulani	65	25	35	7,480	3,865	3,620	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	70	35	30	7,415	3,615	3,800	0	0	0
Guinean	155	80	70	7,390	3,700	3,695	0	0	0
St. Lucian	230	90	140	7,285	3,340	3,945	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	215	100	110	7,225	3,355	3,875	3,150	1,490	1,660
Maliseet	25	15	10	7,220	3,515	3,705	15	10	10
Beninese	145	75	70	6,810	3,630	3,180	0	0	0
Telugu	255	135	120	6,670	3,730	2,945	0	0	0
Roma	200	95	100	6,545	3,225	3,320	10	0	10
Costa Rican	180	95	85	6,500	3,265	3,230	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	85	40	45	6,480	2,945	3,535	15	0	0
Malagasy	35	20	15	6,255	3,085	3,170	0	0	0
Kashmiri	820	405	415	6,165	3,020	3,145	0	0	0
Singaporean	325	120	205	6,060	2,755	3,305	0	0	0
Karen	390	195	195	6,050	3,065	2,985	70	25	45
Edo	605	340	265	5,985	2,995	2,995	30	15	10
Tajik	280	130	145	5,980	2,965	3,015	0	0	0
Amhara	810	435	380	5,945	3,010	2,930	0	0	0
Paraguayan	100	30	70	5,925	2,855	3,075	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	150,480	73,545	76,940
Buddhist	20,855	9,225	11,625	356,975	157,435	199,540	755	315	435
Christian	575,250	270,555	304,690	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	101,755	47,920	53,830
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	121,585	58,010	63,575	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	9,195	4,485	4,705
Anabaptist	2,100	1,020	1,075	144,145	70,095	74,050	170	120	55
Anglican	27,005	12,375	14,635	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	5,025	2,250	2,770
Baptist	10,875	5,050	5,825	436,940	200,325	236,615	4,700	2,140	2,560
Catholic	262,720	125,010	137,705	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	51,790	24,740	27,040
Christian Orthodox	24,020	11,690	12,330	623,010	301,055	321,955	400	205	200
Jehovah's Witness	5,160	2,300	2,860	137,255	59,505	77,750	485	210	275
Latter Day Saints	9,895	4,590	5,305	87,725	41,365	46,360	175	75	100
Lutheran	14,005	6,325	7,675	328,045	150,115	177,925	245	105	140
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,570	1,160	1,415	100,655	46,640	54,020	785	360	420
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,690	6,905	7,785	399,025	180,870	218,155	1,010	485	520
Presbyterian	8,330	3,730	4,600	301,400	136,440	164,960	6,520	3,095	3,425
Reformed	1,250	600	655	79,870	39,250	40,620	325	145	180
United Church	37,055	15,800	21,255	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	14,635	6,565	8,070
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	33,980	15,990	17,990	745,650	345,540	400,110	6,300	2,945	3,350
Hindu	33,450	17,180	16,265	828,195	430,135	398,060	1,245	835	410
Jewish	6,390	3,140	3,255	335,295	164,220	171,070	165	80	85
Muslim	95,925	48,855	47,075	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	1,720	985	735
Sikh	49,465	24,885	24,580	771,790	394,345	377,445	1,165	685	485
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,370	500	870	80,685	38,460	42,230	75	30	45
Other religions and spiritual traditions	9,695	4,165	5,535	229,015	97,645	131,370	765	295	470
No religion and secular perspectives	499,375	263,630	235,745	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	42,830	22,390	20,445
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,277,835	634,945	642,885	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	149,245	72,945	76,300
Non-movers	1,101,965	547,205	554,760	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	130,455	63,805	66,650
Movers	175,865	87,745	88,125	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	18,785	9,135	9,650
Non-migrants	132,940	66,500	66,445	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	9,310	4,530	4,775
Migrants	42,925	21,245	21,680	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	9,480	4,605	4,870
Internal migrants	29,285	14,520	14,770	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	8,185	4,000	4,180
Intraprovincial migrants	13,780	6,700	7,080	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	4,225	2,000	2,225
Interprovincial migrants	15,505	7,820	7,690	268,965	135,215	133,750	3,960	2,005	1,955
External migrants	13,640	6,730	6,910	293,955	147,585	146,370	1,300	605	690
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,217,975	604,435	613,540	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	143,735	70,150	73,585
Non-movers	707,190	350,630	356,560	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	84,530	41,055	43,480
Movers	510,785	253,805	256,980	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	59,205	29,090	30,110
Non-migrants	333,555	166,780	166,775	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	15,485	7,600	7,890
Migrants	177,230	87,025	90,205	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	43,720	21,500	22,220
Internal migrants	103,835	51,155	52,680	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	35,150	16,985	18,165
Intraprovincial migrants	52,115	25,805	26,310	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	22,795	10,800	11,995
Interprovincial migrants	51,725	25,355	26,370	921,345	459,695	461,650	12,355	6,180	6,170
External migrants	73,395	35,870	37,525	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	8,565	4,510	4,055
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	126,900	61,450	65,450
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	149,010	77,165	71,850	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	22,245	13,000	9,245
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	907,215	444,015	463,205	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	104,655	48,455	56,205
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	77,465	37,375	40,090
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65,615	35,580	30,040	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	7,870	5,190	2,680
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	672,130	329,065	343,070	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	69,595	32,185	37,410
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	126,895	61,450	65,445
No certificate, diploma or degree	134,565	68,700	65,865	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	20,385	11,710	8,675
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	273,135	137,495	135,635	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	35,980	18,305	17,675
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	648,530	314,980	333,550	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	70,530	31,435	39,095
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	271,085	134,270	136,810	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	42,635	19,625	23,015
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	62,155	45,900	16,255	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	8,245	6,125	2,125
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	22,795	12,780	10,015	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	4,255	2,815	1,435
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	39,360	33,125	6,235	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	3,990	3,305	690
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	172,905	73,135	99,775	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	31,135	12,375	18,760
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,020	15,235	20,790	896,755	372,560	524,195	3,260	1,125	2,130
Bachelor's degree or higher	377,450	180,710	196,740	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	27,890	11,810	16,080
Bachelor's degree	258,985	121,715	137,275	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	18,950	7,885	11,060
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,835	9,020	10,810	556,510	243,200	313,310	1,510	630	880
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	9,365	4,285	5,080	214,105	108,000	106,105	700	335	365
Master's degree	77,600	38,555	39,040	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	5,930	2,465	3,465
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	11,670	7,130	4,540	279,660	165,795	113,870	800	495	305
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	77,465	37,375	40,090
No certificate, diploma or degree	56,150	30,270	25,880	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	7,070	4,590	2,480
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	158,090	83,330	74,760	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	20,245	10,890	9,350
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	523,505	251,045	272,465	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	50,155	21,900	28,255
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	207,210	103,010	104,205	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	28,955	13,375	15,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	46,300	34,495	11,805	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	5,140	3,920	1,220
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,310	9,360	6,950	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	2,525	1,750	775
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	29,990	25,135	4,860	836,220	693,830	142,395	2,615	2,170	445
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	132,925	56,660	76,265	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	21,955	8,775	13,180
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,990	11,860	16,130	623,090	261,035	362,050	1,865	680	1,180
Bachelor's degree or higher	316,295	148,035	168,260	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	21,195	8,525	12,670
Bachelor's degree	215,545	99,580	115,960	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	14,335	5,735	8,600
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15,980	7,050	8,925	430,875	179,230	251,645	1,035	420	610
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,070	3,480	4,595	167,730	75,120	92,615	545	225	325
Master's degree	67,610	32,685	34,925	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	4,685	1,795	2,890
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	9,100	5,240	3,855	209,445	115,530	93,915	595	350	245
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	126,900	61,450	65,450
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	407,695	206,200	201,495	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	56,370	30,015	26,350
Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	5,125	1,330	3,790
13. Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	5,125	1,330	3,790
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20,300	8,295	12,000	631,255	274,065	357,190	1,660	725	945
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,095	1,585	515	74,785	53,390	21,395	125	95	35
50. Visual and performing arts	18,205	6,715	11,490	556,470	220,680	335,790	1,535	630	910
Humanities	29,295	10,450	18,845	926,560	354,120	572,440	3,485	1,505	1,985
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	3,420	660	2,760	106,345	23,460	82,885	200	25	175
23. English language and literature/letters	6,610	1,750	4,860	184,600	53,020	131,580	885	305	580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10,070	3,555	6,515	316,050	119,215	196,830	775	290	485
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	455	155	300	18,935	6,835	12,095	75	25	50
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,925	1,050	875	57,745	33,040	24,700	290	170	120
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,775	1,575	1,200	77,510	46,140	31,365	475	260	220
54. History	3,320	1,570	1,750	108,935	58,310	50,620	660	400	260
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	720	130	585	56,440	14,090	42,345	135	35	100
Social and behavioural sciences and law	72,710	25,400	47,315	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	6,600	1,915	4,680
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,020	200	820	29,430	7,065	22,365	115	20	90
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	9,885	3,435	6,450	233,400	88,205	145,200	660	250	420
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,890	615	7,275	344,150	27,905	316,240	1,485	85	1,400
22. Legal professions and studies	13,435	4,770	8,665	325,785	115,335	210,445	1,075	275	795
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,430	480	945	49,855	16,000	33,850	110	40	70
42. Psychology	11,935	2,745	9,190	327,965	79,295	248,665	1,315	345	965
45. Social sciences	27,130	13,155	13,975	705,540	336,960	368,580	1,850	910	940
Business, management and public administration	151,340	66,070	85,275	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	17,515	5,810	11,705
30.16 Accounting and computer science	145	60	90	5,335	1,705	3,630	35	0	30
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,190	1,385	5,810	272,240	55,995	216,245	1,610	310	1,300
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	144,000	64,630	79,380	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	15,870	5,500	10,375
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35,280	18,270	17,015	719,715	353,540	366,175	2,865	1,220	1,640
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,915	4,605	7,310	297,055	121,615	175,435	1,405	635	770
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,125	3,260	3,870	155,955	72,245	83,705	790	270	520
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	560	230	330	35,380	14,950	20,430	45	0	35
40. Physical sciences	14,385	9,680	4,705	196,620	130,745	65,875	535	305	230
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,295	495	800	34,710	13,985	20,730	90	10	80
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	32,775	21,555	11,215	804,230	531,435	272,795	2,905	1,955	945
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	27,025	18,865	8,165	643,145	454,370	188,775	2,590	1,830	760
25. Library science	1,385	170	1,210	43,085	7,100	35,985	115	10	105
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,675	2,070	1,610	99,360	57,560	41,800	180	110	75
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	685	455	230	18,640	12,400	6,240	10	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	141,165	119,620	21,550	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	12,630	11,710	920
04. Architecture and related services	5,715	3,555	2,165	135,020	81,930	53,090	300	190	115
14. Engineering	60,975	48,265	12,715	900,475	723,080	177,395	1,710	1,455	255
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30,160	24,830	5,325	726,155	638,355	87,800	2,460	2,155	310
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	0	10	580	190	390	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20,365	19,740	625	703,905	683,060	20,845	3,740	3,660	85
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,535	15,080	455	659,480	640,895	18,590	2,765	2,695	65
48. Precision production	8,400	8,145	260	380,505	363,710	16,795	1,650	1,560	90
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,880	5,175	5,705	407,545	234,360	173,175	2,285	1,290	990
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,525	3,070	3,455	262,580	140,520	122,070	1,705	940	765
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,350	2,100	2,250	144,960	93,845	51,115	580	350	230
Health and related fields	91,710	19,495	72,215	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	11,310	1,710	9,600
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	7,380	3,540	3,845	180,785	89,005	91,780	740	390	350
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	81,445	14,515	66,930	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	10,360	1,215	9,145
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	150	55	95	5,255	1,425	3,825	40	0	35
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,740	1,395	1,350	64,030	34,630	29,400	165	105	60
Personal, protective and transportation services	24,990	12,345	12,645	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	4,145	2,255	1,890
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	16,005	5,380	10,625	548,520	151,115	397,410	2,300	640	1,660
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	90	10	3,965	3,520	445	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	125	105	20	6,900	6,210	690	75	65	15
43. Security and protective services	4,485	2,870	1,615	227,835	160,930	66,905	690	535	155
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,270	3,900	370	219,205	199,190	20,010	1,065	1,005	65
Other¹⁷⁹	180	90	90	5,305	1,640	3,665	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	737,745	364,640	373,105	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	77,465	37,380	40,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	214,245	113,600	100,640	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	27,315	15,475	11,835
Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	742,175	158,185	583,990	3,205	805	2,395
13. Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	742,175	158,185	583,990	3,205	805	2,395
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,520	6,735	9,785	490,455	210,500	279,955	1,190	520	665
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,595	1,150	450	54,645	38,170	16,475	110	75	35
50. Visual and performing arts	14,920	5,580	9,335	435,815	172,330	263,480	1,075	445	635
Humanities	23,385	8,110	15,275	649,695	241,235	408,465	2,420	955	1,465
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,795	520	2,270	79,235	16,400	62,835	140	20	120
23. English language and literature/letters	5,440	1,440	3,995	134,815	37,610	97,210	675	215	460
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,205	2,785	5,420	216,725	80,505	136,220	545	205	335
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	340	110	230	12,910	4,540	8,370	50	10	40
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,575	845	730	41,640	23,645	17,990	195	110	85
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,930	1,110	820	48,920	29,245	19,675	290	130	155
54. History	2,585	1,210	1,375	78,415	40,800	37,615	430	235	195
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	515	90	420	37,045	8,490	28,555	105	35	70
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60,535	20,560	39,980	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	5,015	1,340	3,675
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	870	180	685	23,895	5,520	18,370	85	20	65
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,695	2,925	5,770	196,475	72,125	124,350	515	180	335
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,225	450	5,780	270,970	20,095	250,875	1,085	40	1,045
22. Legal professions and studies	11,170	3,705	7,465	261,265	82,850	178,420	860	175	680
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,180	385	795	37,830	12,160	25,670	75	10	60
42. Psychology	9,685	2,100	7,590	249,205	55,840	193,365	1,030	270	765
45. Social sciences	22,700	10,805	11,895	549,090	254,250	294,840	1,370	640	725
Business, management and public administration	124,905	53,865	71,040	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	12,520	4,065	8,460
30.16 Accounting and computer science	105	45	60	3,995	1,335	2,665	30	0	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,835	1,070	4,765	213,140	40,230	172,910	1,215	250	960
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	118,970	52,750	66,215	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	11,280	3,805	7,470
Physical and life sciences and technologies	27,230	13,335	13,895	513,555	241,780	271,785	1,925	785	1,140
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,575	3,600	5,975	227,460	90,390	137,075	980	415	570
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,600	2,495	3,105	108,350	48,075	60,280	525	165	360
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	465	190	270	14,270	5,690	8,580	30	0	25
40. Physical sciences	10,735	6,710	4,020	140,510	88,540	51,970	360	200	150
41. Science technologies/technicians	860	335	525	22,960	9,090	13,870	35	0	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	28,300	18,680	9,610	667,305	445,970	221,330	2,180	1,480	695
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	24,085	16,720	7,360	554,185	392,835	161,350	1,990	1,405	580
25. Library science	900	120	780	27,610	4,720	22,885	75	10	65
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,765	1,500	1,265	70,940	39,000	31,940	115	65	50
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	555	350	205	14,565	9,415	5,155	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	113,170	94,000	19,170	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	8,795	8,035	760
04. Architecture and related services	4,610	2,700	1,910	105,845	61,230	44,605	220	115	105
14. Engineering	51,005	39,500	11,510	724,235	568,385	155,850	1,305	1,080	215
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,030	19,430	4,600	536,600	464,510	72,090	1,720	1,480	235
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	510	160	350	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15,725	15,190	535	510,105	493,000	17,100	2,570	2,510	65
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	11,690	11,295	400	467,225	452,385	14,840	1,865	1,805	65
48. Precision production	6,095	5,885	200	266,690	253,110	13,585	1,120	1,045	70
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,820	4,045	4,780	314,120	170,440	143,680	1,645	860	785
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,000	2,240	2,765	199,335	99,700	99,635	1,200	590	605
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,820	1,805	2,015	114,780	70,745	44,040	445	270	180
Health and related fields	73,600	16,045	57,555	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	8,175	1,375	6,800
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	5,910	2,840	3,070	139,280	67,885	71,385	550	310	235
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65,330	12,095	53,230	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	7,480	1,000	6,480
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	130	45	80	4,430	945	3,485	40	0	35
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,240	1,065	1,180	48,115	23,255	24,860	105	55	55
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,480	9,855	9,625	772,450	399,835	372,615	3,085	1,675	1,410
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	12,230	4,210	8,020	414,520	112,935	301,590	1,725	490	1,230
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	80	70	10	2,955	2,575	375	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	45	0	3,850	3,415	435	45	45	0
43. Security and protective services	3,695	2,380	1,315	183,025	128,295	54,725	565	435	130
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,425	3,150	275	168,105	152,620	15,485	750	700	50
Other¹⁷⁹	140	70	70	4,075	1,150	2,930	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	737,745	364,640	373,105	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	77,465	37,380	40,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	214,245	113,600	100,640	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	27,315	15,475	11,835
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	523,510	251,045	272,465	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	50,155	21,900	28,255
Location of study inside Canada	372,000	180,455	191,540	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	44,390	19,190	25,190
Same as province or territory of residence	267,640	128,510	139,130	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	28,780	12,385	16,395
Different than province or territory of residence	104,355	51,950	52,410	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	15,610	6,810	8,800
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	151,510	70,585	80,925	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	5,770	2,705	3,060
Americas	24,755	12,395	12,360	483,810	238,040	245,775	1,075	475	600
United States of America	14,510	7,920	6,590	279,005	143,575	135,435	745	325	425
Mexico	2,085	930	1,160	36,400	16,175	20,230	80	35	50
Cuba	235	135	95	8,345	4,275	4,070	10	0	0
Haiti	75	45	30	10,620	5,645	4,970	0	0	0
Jamaica	400	175	230	12,780	6,110	6,670	60	30	25
Brazil	1,555	665	890	40,050	18,445	21,605	75	35	40
Colombia	2,015	880	1,140	31,165	13,875	17,295	15	0	0
Peru	365	140	225	7,780	3,025	4,750	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,780	745	1,035	12,655	5,330	7,320	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	1,735	760	970	45,000	21,575	23,425	90	45	45
Europe	25,250	13,170	12,080	543,725	281,205	262,520	975	540	435
Belgium	170	100	70	7,795	4,260	3,535	40	15	20
France	1,155	600	555	97,770	53,930	43,840	65	30	35
Germany	925	515	405	22,450	12,070	10,380	45	20	25
Netherlands	600	315	285	10,825	6,065	4,765	90	60	30
Switzerland	280	150	130	8,470	4,420	4,050	15	0	15
Hungary	330	165	165	5,160	2,465	2,700	15	10	0
Moldova¹⁸³	570	270	300	9,055	4,165	4,890	0	0	0
Poland	1,375	540	835	25,215	11,115	14,100	15	10	0
Romania	1,725	935	795	32,250	16,190	16,060	10	0	10
Russian Federation	2,065	890	1,170	36,095	16,250	19,845	55	25	25
Ukraine	1,465	680	785	36,405	16,635	19,775	45	25	20
Ireland⁹⁶	855	520	335	16,040	9,175	6,865	30	15	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	9,355	5,195	4,155	151,900	81,980	69,920	405	255	155
Bosnia and Herzegovina	280	145	130	6,030	2,915	3,115	0	0	0
Italy	315	170	140	8,895	5,055	3,840	10	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	360	180	180	8,745	4,470	4,280	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	3,420	1,790	1,635	60,615	30,055	30,560	110	40	65
Africa	12,240	6,200	6,040	216,815	111,010	105,805	175	95	85
Nigeria	4,635	2,225	2,415	33,280	16,395	16,880	30	15	15
Algeria	330	170	160	33,230	17,020	16,210	0	0	0
Morocco	380	205	175	23,640	12,125	11,510	10	0	0
Tunisia	180	110	70	12,655	7,100	5,555	0	0	0
Egypt	1,610	825	785	30,255	15,145	15,115	25	20	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,315	665	655	19,060	9,900	9,160	55	25	30
Other locations of study in Africa	3,795	2,005	1,790	64,700	33,325	31,385	55	25	25
Asia	86,450	37,320	49,140	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	3,450	1,555	1,900
Iran⁸⁸	2,105	980	1,120	66,630	30,180	36,450	75	40	35
Iraq	895	440	455	16,515	8,250	8,265	0	0	0
Israel	385	210	175	11,355	5,725	5,630	25	20	10
Lebanon	590	275	315	19,565	9,355	10,210	10	0	10
Syria⁸⁹	730	375	355	16,405	7,885	8,520	55	30	25
Turkey	385	235	155	11,855	6,595	5,260	15	10	0
China⁹⁰	10,965	4,890	6,075	201,100	87,370	113,720	1,005	450	550
Taiwan	565	140	430	14,520	4,750	9,770	125	45	75
Hong Kong⁹¹	790	310	485	18,325	7,445	10,875	120	60	55
Japan	995	270	720	18,605	5,280	13,325	65	10	50
Korea, South⁹²	3,715	1,535	2,175	53,575	20,575	33,000	30	15	20
Philippines	28,045	11,105	16,945	305,795	115,370	190,420	710	260	450
Viet Nam	810	315	495	12,500	4,490	8,005	265	120	140
Bangladesh	1,360	510	845	25,000	11,360	13,645	35	10	25
Sri Lanka	455	235	220	15,085	7,090	7,995	30	20	20
India	23,485	11,025	12,455	405,850	199,380	206,475	720	400	320
Pakistan	6,015	2,670	3,345	75,155	35,055	40,100	35	20	15
Other locations of study in Asia	4,170	1,795	2,375	64,385	28,650	35,735	130	30	100
Oceania	2,815	1,510	1,305	47,960	24,495	23,460	90	45	45
Australia	2,225	1,200	1,025	38,525	19,270	19,250	80	30	45
New Zealand	480	255	230	7,785	4,300	3,485	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	105	55	45	1,655	930	730	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	126,895	61,450	65,445
In the labour force	730,055	382,305	347,750	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	83,500	42,850	40,645
Employed	638,645	335,655	302,995	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	74,870	38,215	36,655
Unemployed	91,405	46,650	44,755	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	8,625	4,640	3,985
Not in the labour force	326,175	138,875	187,310	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	43,400	18,600	24,805
Participation rate	69.1	73.4	65.0	63.7	67.7	59.8	65.8	69.7	62.1
Employment rate	60.5	64.4	56.6	57.1	60.9	53.4	59.0	62.2	56.0
Unemployment rate	12.5	12.2	12.9	10.3	9.9	10.7	10.3	10.8	9.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	126,900	61,450	65,450
Did not work¹⁸⁶	350,820	153,180	197,640	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	42,395	18,215	24,180
Worked	705,410	367,995	337,415	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	84,500	43,235	41,270
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	370,495	210,090	160,405	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	42,150	22,300	19,850
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	334,920	157,910	177,010	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	42,355	20,935	21,420
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.4	39.7	41.0	41.7	40.3	39.6	39.5	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	730,050	382,305	347,745	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	83,500	42,855	40,645
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	486,865	237,950	248,915	1,550	770	785
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	81,950	42,080	39,865
Employee	596,075	303,490	292,590	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	71,500	35,120	36,380
Permanent position	498,865	258,105	240,765	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	51,320	24,920	26,400
Temporary position	97,210	45,385	51,825	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	20,185	10,200	9,985
Fixed term (1 year or more)	33,010	14,890	18,125	867,740	386,965	480,775	4,005	1,745	2,265
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	64,200	30,500	33,700	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	16,175	8,455	7,720
Self-employed¹⁹²	108,770	66,635	42,130	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	10,445	6,960	3,485
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	730,050	382,305	347,745	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	83,500	42,855	40,645
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	486,865	237,950	248,915	1,550	770	785
All occupations¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	81,950	42,080	39,865
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	8,910	6,645	2,265	254,760	177,450	77,315	830	505	325
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	135,315	46,270	89,040	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	12,330	3,500	8,825
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	83,405	63,705	19,695	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	5,040	3,685	1,355
3 Health occupations	58,670	11,985	46,685	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	6,815	1,020	5,790
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	77,125	25,355	51,770	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	10,090	2,990	7,095
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20,330	9,105	11,230	596,785	275,420	321,360	1,855	875	985
6 Sales and service occupations	175,295	80,580	94,715	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	19,750	8,170	11,575
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	115,655	103,615	12,040	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	14,165	13,110	1,060
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10,185	8,205	1,980	541,235	416,960	124,270	6,760	5,385	1,370
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	19,960	14,655	5,300	857,540	612,415	245,120	4,330	2,840	1,490
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	730,050	382,305	347,745	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	83,500	42,855	40,645
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	486,865	237,950	248,915	1,550	770	785
All industries¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	81,950	42,080	39,865
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,635	1,590	1,050	434,800	295,160	139,640	7,530	5,680	1,845
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	32,410	20,860	11,545	239,030	195,605	43,425	200	190	10
22 Utilities	8,485	5,525	2,960	147,750	109,475	38,270	320	250	75
23 Construction	58,805	49,750	9,055	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	6,690	6,035	660
31-33 Manufacturing	33,130	24,105	9,030	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	6,760	4,600	2,155
41 Wholesale trade	22,295	15,400	6,895	610,295	406,960	203,335	1,395	1,045	350
44-45 Retail trade	80,115	38,770	41,340	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	8,960	4,180	4,780
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	46,840	34,225	12,610	981,030	742,515	238,515	2,695	2,080	615
51 Information and cultural industries	12,790	7,585	5,205	400,460	237,940	162,520	775	435	340
52 Finance and insurance	26,450	12,325	14,125	815,225	358,145	457,080	1,845	705	1,140
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,175	7,965	6,215	343,940	186,230	157,710	920	540	380
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	83,970	48,655	35,310	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	4,280	2,320	1,960
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,240	995	1,250	45,455	21,495	23,955	95	35	55
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	31,495	17,855	13,640	792,600	457,880	334,725	2,975	1,750	1,225
61 Educational services	46,695	14,690	32,005	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	6,100	1,915	4,190
62 Health care and social assistance	90,910	18,065	72,845	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	10,455	1,685	8,775
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	14,470	7,345	7,125	350,710	180,205	170,500	1,705	960	740
72 Accommodation and food services	42,785	19,585	23,200	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	5,480	2,170	3,315
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,975	12,560	17,415	797,935	373,775	424,165	3,655	1,740	1,915
91 Public administration	24,185	12,265	11,920	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	9,105	3,765	5,340
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	764,085	398,215	365,870	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	90,300	46,115	44,185
English	720,920	377,180	343,730	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	85,630	44,185	41,445
French	1,020	295	725	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	725	235	495
Non-official language	6,605	3,350	3,255	169,205	89,515	79,685	355	175	175
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	6,935	3,590	3,345	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	6,600	3,350	3,250	162,265	85,925	76,345	355	175	175
English and French	6,415	2,620	3,795	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	2,475	925	1,550
English and non-official language(s)	27,865	14,130	13,730	570,220	291,000	279,220	1,065	575	490
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	20,935	9,955	10,980	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	665	305	370	69,340	34,190	35,145	30	15	15
Multiple non-official languages	570	320	250	11,265	5,960	5,305	15	0	10
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	764,085	398,215	365,870	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	90,300	46,115	44,185
Single responses	757,765	394,970	362,795	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	89,790	45,860	43,925
Official languages	745,365	388,565	356,810	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	89,165	45,565	43,595
English	743,325	387,970	355,360	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	87,960	45,185	42,775
French	2,040	595	1,445	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	1,205	380	825
Non-official languages	12,400	6,410	5,990	310,455	161,825	148,635	625	295	325
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	19,435	9,725	9,710	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	765	385	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	190	110	85	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	140	80	65	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	835	435	400	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	825	430	395	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,585	830	755	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	875	490	385	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	695	340	355	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	610	295	320	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	895	410	480	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	890	410	475	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	255	280	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	155	70	90	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	30	10	20	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	10	0	10	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	40	0	35	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,390	6,410	5,980	291,025	152,095	138,925	620	295	325
Afro-Asiatic languages	450	245	205	9,265	5,300	3,955	15	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	415	185	235	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	365	155	210	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	430	235	195	8,785	5,080	3,705	15	10	0
Amharic	35	25	10	215	95	120	0	0	0
Arabic	315	165	150	7,190	4,250	2,940	15	10	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	460	325	130	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	330	240	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	90	70	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	585	240	340	0	0	0
Tigrigna	70	35	35	325	165	160	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	800	305	490	9,770	4,135	5,635	55	40	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	495	215	285	0	0	0
Vietnamese	780	295	485	9,260	3,905	5,350	55	40	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	535	275	260	4,760	2,180	2,580	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	55	30	25	165	90	70	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	245	235	4,205	1,895	2,310	10	0	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	390	185	210	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	375	170	205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	0	25	3,010	1,410	1,605	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	250	140	110	0	0	0
Tamil	15	0	15	2,685	1,255	1,425	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,915	2,660	2,260	112,395	64,055	48,335	120	80	40
Albanian	0	0	0	315	170	140	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	530	295	235	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	425	175	250	10,085	4,390	5,695	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	15	75	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	50	10	35	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	10	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	425	175	250	9,995	4,375	5,620	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	145	55	90	0	0	0
Czech	10	10	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	75	60	15	0	0	0
Polish	130	50	80	2,265	1,000	1,265	0	0	0
Russian	175	75	100	5,240	2,085	3,155	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	35	835	485	355	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	10	20	120	80	40	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Serbian	25	20	10	555	310	245	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10	40	10	25	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	1,265	620	650	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	95	50	45	14,250	8,060	6,190	90	60	30
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	70	35	35	10,480	5,695	4,790	55	40	15
German	70	35	35	6,615	3,655	2,970	55	40	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,050	520	530	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	3,540	2,245	1,290	30	20	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	965	515	440	30	20	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	420	140	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	875	445	430	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,090	1,860	1,225	55,455	32,965	22,490	15	15	0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,955	1,810	1,140	48,020	28,910	19,100	10	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0	645	290	355	0	0	0
Gujarati	70	35	30	1,115	515	600	0	0	0
Hindi	110	60	45	2,235	1,145	1,090	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Nepali	30	10	20	275	125	145	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,505	1,605	900	40,840	25,480	15,365	10	10	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	25	0	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	105	80	25	0	0	0
Urdu	225	95	135	2,725	1,265	1,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	135	50	80	7,430	4,045	3,385	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	175	145	35	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	10	130	70	60	0	0	0
Persian languages	125	50	70	7,110	3,825	3,285	0	0	0
Dari	30	10	20	800	445	360	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	90	35	50	5,715	2,980	2,735	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	595	400	195	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,285	565	720	30,795	17,685	13,105	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	0	1,625	730	900	0	0	0
Portuguese	75	50	30	6,970	4,070	2,895	0	0	0
Romanian	40	25	15	680	375	310	0	0	0
Spanish	1,150	475	670	21,455	12,465	8,990	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	105	25	75	3,560	1,225	2,340	10	0	10
Korean	775	435	345	14,345	7,125	7,225	0	0	0
Mongolian	15	10	10	25	15	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0	15	410	210	200	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	150	95	55	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	65	20	45	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15	2,010	795	1,210	0	0	0
American Sign Language	30	10	15	1,590	620	970	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	285	110	180	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,560	2,355	2,205	128,375	64,180	64,190	405	165	240
Chinese languages	4,540	2,340	2,200	128,045	63,990	64,055	395	155	240
Hakka	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,910	975	935	76,040	37,760	38,280	355	135	220
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	485	210	270	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,595	1,340	1,250	50,950	25,725	25,225	25	10	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	25	15	460	240	220	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	295	175	125	10	10	0
Burmese	10	10	0	60	40	20	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	135	85	50	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	120	80	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	15	35	765	310	450	0	0	0
Lao	15	10	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Thai	35	0	30	670	275	395	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	30	25	1,345	695	650	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	35	15	25	0	0	0
Turkish	55	30	25	1,270	660	615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	20	10	485	215	270	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	70	15	50	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	90	25	65	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	20	10	330	170	160	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	6,320	3,245	3,075	453,880	231,205	222,675	510	260	260
English and French	805	365	435	321,975	163,305	158,675	225	85	145
English and non-official language(s)	5,280	2,770	2,515	115,955	60,210	55,745	280	165	115
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	6,280	2,795	3,485	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	50	7,405	3,795	3,605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	130	65	60	2,265	1,100	1,165	10	10	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	764,085	398,215	365,870	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	90,300	46,115	44,185
None	734,060	383,675	350,390	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	87,190	44,825	42,360
English	5,720	2,795	2,930	902,625	474,755	427,875	720	270	455
French	4,720	2,005	2,720	589,755	288,955	300,800	1,780	695	1,085
Non-official language	16,030	8,000	8,030	331,375	168,035	163,335	500	280	215
Indigenous³⁹	90	40	50	18,190	7,740	10,450	20	0	15
Non-Indigenous	15,945	7,965	7,980	313,185	160,295	152,885	475	275	200
English and French	15	10	0	2,940	1,445	1,495	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	640	305	330	33,125	15,680	17,445	15	0	15
French and non-official language(s)	440	215	225	22,615	11,475	11,135	25	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	360	210	150	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	2,460	1,210	1,250	50,740	25,425	25,315	70	30	40
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	638,645	335,655	302,990	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	74,875	38,215	36,660
Worked at home	182,015	89,915	92,100	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	11,180	5,325	5,855
Worked outside Canada	2,460	1,800	660	58,335	40,295	18,035	170	110	60
No fixed workplace address	89,650	66,145	23,505	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	10,805	8,300	2,515
Usual place of work	364,515	177,790	186,730	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	52,715	24,485	28,230
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	364,520	177,790	186,730	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	52,720	24,485	28,235
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	332,545	158,240	174,305	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	21,715	9,930	11,785
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	22,900	13,305	9,595	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	24,575	11,155	13,425
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,875	4,210	1,665	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	4,985	2,695	2,290
Commute to a different province or territory	3,200	2,035	1,165	98,060	60,210	37,850	1,440	705	730
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	454,170	243,935	210,235	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	63,525	32,780	30,740
Car, truck or van	378,085	208,085	169,995	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	58,720	30,460	28,255
Car, truck or van - as a driver	350,765	198,775	151,990	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	53,830	28,505	25,330
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	27,315	9,310	18,005	844,155	343,100	501,050	4,880	1,955	2,925
Public transit	39,905	17,255	22,645	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	890	415	470
Walked	19,195	8,805	10,390	672,815	296,610	376,205	2,670	1,245	1,425
Bicycle	3,955	2,970	985	138,615	92,195	46,415	170	105	55
Other method	13,035	6,820	6,215	285,820	144,225	141,595	1,085	545	530
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	454,170	243,935	210,235	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	63,525	32,780	30,740
Less than 15 minutes	97,610	44,795	52,810	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	29,520	14,480	15,045
15 to 29 minutes	213,150	115,080	98,070	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	21,585	11,075	10,505
30 to 44 minutes	99,695	58,885	40,805	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	7,555	4,120	3,440
45 to 59 minutes	20,845	11,730	9,110	910,610	542,485	368,125	2,890	1,740	1,145
60 minutes and over	22,870	13,440	9,430	926,120	599,115	327,005	1,975	1,370	605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	454,170	243,935	210,235	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	63,525	32,780	30,740
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,655	20,330	8,325	938,820	701,960	236,865	3,485	2,365	1,120
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	79,585	49,005	30,585	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	10,915	6,490	4,420
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	116,785	61,460	55,320	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	21,490	11,240	10,240
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	86,045	42,180	43,860	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	13,300	5,400	7,900
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,250	30,565	36,680	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	5,725	2,345	3,380
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	75,850	40,390	35,455	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	8,605	4,930	3,675
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	285,180	146,410	138,775	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	29,300	14,995	14,310
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,385	10,340	10,050	897,205	456,120	441,085	2,870	1,395	1,475
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	264,795	136,070	128,725	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	26,435	13,600	12,835
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	205,680	105,675	100,005	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	22,030	11,245	10,785
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,120	7,690	7,430	682,190	346,420	335,770	2,230	1,055	1,175
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,850	3,820	4,030	467,685	234,475	233,215	1,435	655	780
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,275	3,870	3,400	214,500	111,950	102,550	790	400	395
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190,560	97,990	92,580	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	19,795	10,195	9,605

Symbol legend

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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