Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	AlbertaMore information: [Province] Remove			48061334More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	4,262,635	...	...	533	...	...
Population, 2016¹	4,067,175	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.8	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	1,772,670	...	...	211	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	1,633,220	...	...	209	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.7	...	...	2,127.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	634,658.27	...	...	0.25	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	4,262,635	2,127,935	2,134,700	535	260	275
0 to 14 years	809,640	415,870	393,770	90	40	50
0 to 4 years	250,250	128,560	121,690	30	15	20
5 to 9 years	278,810	142,850	135,955	30	15	15
10 to 14 years	280,585	144,460	136,120	30	15	15
15 to 64 years	2,823,770	1,416,910	1,406,865	295	150	145
15 to 19 years	249,765	128,745	121,015	35	20	15
20 to 24 years	248,740	128,595	120,150	15	10	10
25 to 29 years	275,465	138,510	136,955	20	5	10
30 to 34 years	323,260	160,175	163,085	25	10	15
35 to 39 years	338,945	168,390	170,560	35	20	15
40 to 44 years	307,665	153,715	153,955	30	20	10
45 to 49 years	277,770	139,705	138,065	30	15	15
50 to 54 years	262,770	131,650	131,120	35	15	15
55 to 59 years	274,150	135,825	138,325	40	20	15
60 to 64 years	265,240	131,600	133,640	35	15	15
65 years and over	629,220	295,155	334,070	145	70	75
65 to 69 years	217,270	106,975	110,295	40	20	20
70 to 74 years	163,890	79,150	84,735	30	15	15
75 to 79 years	105,520	49,860	55,660	30	10	20
80 to 84 years	70,160	31,510	38,650	30	20	10
85 years and over	72,375	27,660	44,720	25	10	10
85 to 89 years	44,670	18,540	26,130	15	5	10
90 to 94 years	21,430	7,545	13,890	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	5,480	1,405	4,075	0	0	0
100 years and over	795	170	625	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.0	19.5	18.4	16.8	15.4	18.2
15 to 64 years	66.2	66.6	65.9	55.1	57.7	52.7
65 years and over	14.8	13.9	15.6	27.1	26.9	27.3
85 years and over	1.7	1.3	2.1	4.7	3.8	3.6
Average age of the population	39.0	38.4	39.7	45.7	46.6	45.0
Median age of the population	38.4	37.6	38.8	48.0	48.4	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	1,633,220	...	...	210	...	...
Single-detached house	994,565	...	...	210	...	...
Semi-detached house	98,740	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	127,735	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	43,730	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	247,030	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	74,880	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,215	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	45,325	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	1,633,220	...	...	210	...	...
1 person	424,055	...	...	40	...	...
2 persons	551,420	...	...	85	...	...
3 persons	249,135	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	243,400	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	165,215	...	...	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	535	260	275
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	3,452,995	1,712,065	1,740,925	445	220	220
Married or living common-law	2,033,945	1,018,425	1,015,520	300	150	155
Married	1,703,285	852,950	850,335	285	145	145
Living common-law	330,655	165,475	165,180	15	5	5
Living common law - Never married	245,650	123,625	122,030	10	5	5
Living common law - Separated	12,835	6,745	6,090	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	65,955	32,580	33,375	5	0	0
Living common law - Widowed	6,210	2,520	3,690	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	1,419,050	693,640	725,410	140	70	70
Not married and not living common law - Never married	969,780	535,715	434,065	90	45	40
Not married and not living common law - Separated	83,350	36,440	46,910	5	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	214,460	87,950	126,505	25	15	10
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	151,455	33,530	117,925	25	10	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	1,164,655	...	...	170	...	...
2 persons	565,900	...	...	85	...	...
3 persons	240,980	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	238,600	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	119,170	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	1,164,650	...	...	165	...	...
Total couple families	987,465	...	...	150	...	...
Married couples	822,175	...	...	145	...	...
With children⁶	464,975	...	...	75	...	...
Without children	357,200	...	...	70	...	...
Common-law couples	165,290	...	...	5	...	...
With children⁶	60,705	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	104,580	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	177,190	...	...	20	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	135,065	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	42,125	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	530	260	270
Total - Persons in census families	3,456,645	1,720,145	1,736,505	485	230	250
Married spouses or common-law partners	1,974,930	986,995	987,935	300	150	155
Parents in one-parent families	177,185	42,120	135,060	15	0	15
Children⁶	1,304,525	691,020	613,500	165	85	85
In a two-parent family	1,022,235	538,215	484,020	140	65	70
In a one-parent family	282,290	152,810	129,485	30	15	15
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	721,070	368,045	353,030	50	25	25
Living alone	424,055	207,075	216,980	35	15	20
Living with other relatives⁷	108,100	49,205	58,900	5	0	5
Living with non-relatives only	188,915	111,760	77,155	5	5	0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	1,633,220	...	...	205	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	1,008,210	...	...	165	...	...
Couple-family households	876,085	...	...	145	...	...
With children⁶	465,405	...	...	75	...	...
Without children	410,680	...	...	75	...	...
One-parent-family households	132,125	...	...	15	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	47,450	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	60,780	...	...	0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	82,150	...	...	5	...	...
One-person households	424,055	...	...	40	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	440	220	225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,213,495	1,597,075	1,616,420	425	210	210
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	53,200	38,400	56,800	68,500	47,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,215,290	1,598,045	1,617,250	425	210	210
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,800	35,200	49,600	59,200	43,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,899,265	1,472,130	1,427,140	410	205	200
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	50,400	31,200	48,000	56,800	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	275	145	135
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	51,600	33,600	52,400	62,400	47,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,818,115	1,377,385	1,440,730	360	175	185
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,300	6,120	9,700	9,200	9,800	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	373,185	184,280	188,900	25	10	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,760	5,880	6,280	x	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	978,925	473,610	505,320	70	35	30
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	9,000	8,000	11,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	440	230	205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,212,650	1,596,250	1,616,400	425	225	205
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,850	72,700	49,160	82,000	100,000	62,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,214,490	1,597,255	1,617,235	425	225	205
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,200	58,400	42,120	65,600	77,500	52,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,900,200	1,472,350	1,427,850	390	210	185
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,300	70,100	44,040	81,200	99,000	60,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,426,940	1,262,995	1,163,950	285	165	125
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,350	67,800	43,920	80,000	99,000	56,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,817,280	1,376,575	1,440,710	360	180	175
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,440	9,300	11,520	8,400	8,700	8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	371,975	183,715	188,265	30	0	15
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,090	6,720	7,450	5,600	...	7,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	972,130	470,475	501,650	50	35	0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,170	9,030	9,290	7,000	8,000	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	440	230	205
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,120,075	641,305	478,775	130	70	55
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500	78,500	62,000	106,000	164,000	60,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	85,200	96,300	70,400	126,000	165,000	76,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	993,770	466,385	527,385	125	70	55
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	26,200	18,400	40,800	34,400	41,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,280	42,280	27,160	47,000	52,000	42,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.0	89.0	79.2	91.0	92.0	88.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.0	73.8	64.4	66.0	72.0	56.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.0	11.0	20.9	8.6	7.1	11.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	0.5	x	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.0	6.7	1.3	1.4	0.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	3.7	5.9	1.0	1.2	x
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	445	220	220
Without total income	161,620	78,885	82,730	15	10	10
With total income	3,213,490	1,597,075	1,616,415	425	215	215
Under $10,000 (including loss)	271,260	111,180	160,085	40	15	25
$10,000 to $19,999	307,390	122,515	184,880	40	15	20
$20,000 to $29,999	483,175	210,085	273,090	35	15	15
$30,000 to $39,999	384,115	161,270	222,840	45	20	25
$40,000 to $49,999	332,120	148,870	183,245	30	15	20
$50,000 to $59,999	277,960	132,620	145,340	35	15	20
$60,000 to $69,999	232,840	119,260	113,580	30	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	187,305	105,100	82,205	30	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	146,920	87,190	59,725	20	10	15
$90,000 to $99,999	124,520	73,960	50,560	20	10	10
$100,000 and over	465,885	325,025	140,860	100	65	35
$100,000 to $149,999	291,955	191,190	100,765	55	30	30
$150,000 and over	173,935	133,835	40,100	45	40	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	445	220	220
Without after-tax income	159,820	77,915	81,900	15	10	10
With after-tax income	3,215,295	1,598,045	1,617,245	425	215	215
Under $10,000 (including loss)	282,760	115,430	167,325	45	15	25
$10,000 to $19,999	320,525	128,425	192,100	40	15	25
$20,000 to $29,999	545,450	237,370	308,080	40	15	20
$30,000 to $39,999	449,440	194,945	254,500	45	20	25
$40,000 to $49,999	388,170	182,160	206,010	45	20	25
$50,000 to $59,999	314,650	160,140	154,510	35	15	20
$60,000 to $69,999	240,015	135,075	104,940	40	20	20
$70,000 to $79,999	178,580	106,080	72,495	30	20	15
$80,000 to $89,999	138,170	82,415	55,755	25	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	92,045	59,450	32,595	15	5	5
$100,000 and over	265,490	196,560	68,930	65	45	15
$100,000 to $124,999	121,505	85,805	35,705	25	15	10
$125,000 and over	143,985	110,760	33,225	40	35	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	445	220	220
Without employment income	948,210	413,405	534,805	165	75	90
With employment income	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	280	145	135
Under $5,000 (including loss)	305,715	142,525	163,185	40	30	15
$5,000 to $9,999	186,575	78,780	107,795	25	10	20
$10,000 to $19,999	270,795	116,950	153,845	20	10	15
$20,000 to $29,999	212,530	93,955	118,575	20	10	15
$30,000 to $39,999	202,095	92,015	110,080	10	5	0
$40,000 to $49,999	193,315	92,690	100,625	15	5	10
$50,000 to $59,999	181,745	89,815	91,930	15	5	10
$60,000 to $69,999	161,830	85,450	76,375	15	5	5
$70,000 to $79,999	133,940	78,540	55,400	20	5	10
$80,000 to $89,999	110,580	67,335	43,240	5	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	101,430	59,855	41,575	15	5	10
$100,000 and over	366,350	264,635	101,720	80	55	25
$100,000 to $124,999	158,925	103,055	55,870	25	15	15
$125,000 and over	207,430	161,580	45,850	50	40	15
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	440	220	225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,147,180	1,561,420	1,585,760	410	210	205
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	54,800	36,400	56,400	71,000	48,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,148,375	1,561,645	1,586,735	410	210	210
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	47,600	33,600	50,800	62,000	42,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,869,935	1,456,690	1,413,250	395	200	195
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	54,000	34,400	51,200	61,200	40,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,438,175	1,267,255	1,170,925	270	145	130
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	55,200	36,000	57,600	64,000	52,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,675,790	1,312,270	1,363,520	345	170	175
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,620	1,010	4,080	5,120	2,240	7,250
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	245,140	118,390	126,750	20	5	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,240	5,640	7,050	8,400	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	440	230	205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,146,890	1,560,995	1,585,890	400	210	190
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,750	74,200	47,560	85,600	102,000	68,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,147,975	1,561,230	1,586,750	400	210	190
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,720	59,050	40,520	67,600	78,500	56,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,871,550	1,456,805	1,414,740	380	200	175
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,350	74,400	45,840	84,800	101,000	67,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,438,445	1,267,615	1,170,835	290	160	130
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,450	72,000	45,800	86,000	102,000	67,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,676,295	1,312,765	1,363,530	325	165	160
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,720	5,635	7,770	7,160	6,750	7,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	244,330	117,410	126,920	25	0	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,990	7,020	8,900	6,400	...	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	440	230	205
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,111,760	636,785	474,975	130	70	55
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	77,500	58,800	91,000	172,000	62,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	83,800	95,700	67,800	122,000	160,000	76,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	941,295	443,225	498,070	115	60	55
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,000	37,200	25,400	55,200	57,600	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,280	54,050	33,720	67,000	72,000	62,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.6	93.6	86.0	93.0	94.0	90.0
Employment income (%)	75.8	78.8	71.0	72.0	76.0	66.0
Government transfers (%)	9.4	6.4	14.0	6.8	5.3	9.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.5	0.5	x	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	1,633,220	...	...	210	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	424,055	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	57,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	1,209,165	...	...	175	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	119,700	...	...	174,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...	139,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	424,120	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	62,050	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,400	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	1,209,100	...	...	155	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,500	...	...	160,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	1,633,220	...	...	210	...	...
Under $5,000	16,810	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	8,310	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	12,525	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	17,725	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	49,050	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	52,025	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	41,490	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	48,190	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	52,710	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	51,200	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	104,130	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	106,340	...	...	5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	104,230	...	...	5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	98,820	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	93,990	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	775,675	...	...	135	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	204,960	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	156,945	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	200,675	...	...	30	...	...
$200,000 and over	213,100	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	1,633,220	...	...	210	...	...
Under $5,000	18,920	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	8,620	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	12,950	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,925	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	52,455	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	58,000	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	48,620	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	56,195	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	62,115	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	60,880	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	126,900	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	127,780	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	122,795	...	...	10	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	117,335	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	106,445	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	634,290	...	...	110	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	214,810	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	149,640	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	269,845	...	...	75	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	1,150,150	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	423,245	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	527,475	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	202,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	162,425	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	612,970	318,840	294,130	45	25	20
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	46,400	40,800	64,500	76,000	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	41,200	37,200	57,200	63,600	x
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	1,149,555	...	...	150	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	196,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,100	...	...	160,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	423,255	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	128,400	...	...	144,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	528,270	...	...	95	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	167,000	...	...	224,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,200	...	...	180,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	161,495	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,800	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	612,950	318,115	294,835	55	30	25
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,550	60,100	52,750	100,000	140,000	56,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,360	49,600	44,960	76,000	100,000	48,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,535	535	260	275
0 to 17 years	953,865	490,345	463,520	110	55	60
0 to 5 years	302,980	155,160	147,820	35	15	25
18 to 64 years	2,638,940	1,317,995	1,320,945	270	135	135
65 years and over	584,915	279,845	305,065	150	70	75
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	382,820	182,970	199,855	30	10	15
0 to 17 years	107,130	54,765	52,370	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	36,250	18,465	17,790	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	213,795	103,030	110,765	5	0	10
65 years and over	61,890	25,180	36,720	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.2	8.8	9.6	5.2	4.5	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	11.2	11.2	11.3	10.0	12.0	6.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	11.9	12.0	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.8	8.4	3.0	x	4.0
65 years and over (%)	10.6	9.0	12.0	6.0	x	8.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	4,132,995	2,065,555	2,067,435	530	260	270
0 to 17 years	936,965	481,700	455,265	110	50	60
0 to 5 years	298,005	152,625	145,380	40	15	25
18 to 64 years	2,614,300	1,305,610	1,308,690	275	135	135
65 years and over	581,730	278,250	303,475	150	75	75
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	187,885	96,630	91,255	15	10	10
0 to 17 years	43,110	21,925	21,180	10	5	0
0 to 5 years	13,945	7,045	6,900	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	130,620	68,100	62,525	5	0	5
65 years and over	14,155	6,605	7,550	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.7	4.4	2.8	x	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.6	4.6	4.7	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	4.7	4.6	4.8	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	5.2	4.8	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	2.4	2.4	2.5	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	535	260	275
In bottom half of the distribution	1,894,410	924,245	970,165	130	60	75
In bottom decile	345,410	172,330	173,080	20	5	15
In second decile	385,215	179,975	205,240	30	10	15
In third decile	380,170	184,770	195,400	20	10	10
In fourth decile	386,560	190,330	196,235	30	10	15
In fifth decile	397,055	196,830	200,215	40	20	20
In top half of the distribution	2,283,310	1,163,940	1,119,365	400	200	205
In sixth decile	406,615	204,040	202,575	35	15	20
In seventh decile	420,810	212,460	208,350	70	35	40
In eighth decile	440,225	223,690	216,535	50	30	25
In ninth decile	470,850	240,765	230,085	130	55	70
In top decile	544,810	282,985	261,825	115	65	50
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	4,177,720	...	...	530	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.350	...	...	0.313	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.450	...	...	0.382	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.307	...	...	0.278	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	530	260	270
English only	3,894,690	1,960,785	1,933,905	475	225	245
French only	3,105	1,330	1,780	0	0	0
English and French	258,330	119,725	138,605	60	30	30
Neither English nor French	65,705	26,945	38,760	0	0	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	530	260	270
English	4,078,135	2,042,220	2,035,915	520	250	265
French	64,440	32,960	31,485	10	5	5
English and French	15,525	7,680	7,840	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	63,735	25,925	37,810	0	0	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	530	260	270
Single responses	4,055,375	2,028,210	2,027,165	530	255	270
Official languages	3,148,690	1,591,780	1,556,910	480	230	245
English	3,083,840	1,558,570	1,525,265	465	225	245
French	64,855	33,210	31,645	10	5	5
Non-official languages	906,680	436,430	470,250	50	25	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	17,200	8,165	9,035	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	15,155	7,265	7,890	0	0	0
Blackfoot	2,470	1,160	1,315	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	12,290	5,920	6,370	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	12,290	5,920	6,365	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	65	35	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	65	25	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	1,590	705	890	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	1,305	650	655	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	9,255	4,495	4,760	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	385	180	205	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	20	5	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	355	170	185	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	235	110	125	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	100	50	50	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,345	610	735	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,335	605	725	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	1,075	495	585	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	150	65	85	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	105	45	55	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	35	10	20	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	145	40	100	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25	5	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	20	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktitut	115	35	80	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	60	25	40	0	0	0
Salish languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	445	205	235	0	0	0
Assiniboine	10	0	5	0	0	0
Dakota	65	25	40	0	0	0
Stoney	360	175	180	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	889,485	428,270	461,215	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	82,270	42,330	39,935	0	0	0
Berber languages	335	185	150	0	0	0
Kabyle	220	110	115	0	0	0
Tamazight	95	60	30	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	160	85	75	0	0	0
Hausa	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mina	10	5	10	0	0	0
Coptic	55	25	30	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	14,995	7,485	7,515	0	0	0
Bilen	650	345	300	0	0	0
Oromo	3,485	1,780	1,705	0	0	0
Somali	10,750	5,280	5,470	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	115	70	45	0	0	0
Semitic languages	66,720	34,555	32,165	0	0	0
Amharic	8,165	3,925	4,245	0	0	0
Arabic	46,425	24,385	22,045	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	835	405	430	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	445	225	220	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	265	125	140	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	130	55	70	0	0	0
Harari	215	105	110	0	0	0
Hebrew	885	455	425	0	0	0
Maltese	55	25	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10,065	5,210	4,855	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25,655	11,520	14,135	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,775	800	975	0	0	0
Vietnamese	23,705	10,615	13,090	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	175	100	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	131,755	58,110	73,640	0	0	0
Bikol	535	235	295	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	2,265	985	1,285	0	0	0
Cebuano	5,210	2,300	2,910	0	0	0
Fijian	120	65	55	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	2,370	1,005	1,370	0	0	0
Ilocano	7,440	3,325	4,110	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,275	510	765	0	0	0
Kankanaey	370	155	220	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	165	80	90	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	50	20	30	0	0	0
Merina	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	45	20	30	0	0	0
Malay	270	115	155	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,275	620	650	0	0	0
Pangasinan	515	235	280	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	108,395	47,810	60,590	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	415	195	225	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,075	475	605	0	0	0
Creole languages	1,745	875	875	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	455	230	225	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	60	35	30	0	0	0
Krio	270	130	140	0	0	0
Morisyen	325	165	160	0	0	0
Sango	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	420	215	210	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	215	110	105	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	17,170	8,845	8,330	0	0	0
Kannada	585	295	295	0	0	0
Malayalam	8,785	4,450	4,330	0	0	0
Tamil	4,950	2,610	2,340	0	0	0
Telugu	2,715	1,425	1,295	0	0	0
Tulu	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0	0	0
Georgian	200	110	90	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	454,815	224,310	230,505	30	15	10
Albanian	2,345	1,250	1,100	0	0	0
Armenian	490	240	245	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	70,185	32,420	37,760	5	5	0
Baltic languages	885	405	475	0	0	0
Latvian	365	165	205	0	0	0
Lithuanian	515	240	275	0	0	0
Slavic languages	69,305	32,020	37,285	5	5	0
Belarusian	65	30	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	1,300	640	660	0	0	0
Czech	2,700	1,265	1,435	0	0	0
Macedonian	365	185	185	0	0	0
Polish	17,540	8,130	9,410	5	5	0
Russian	17,735	7,850	9,890	0	0	0
Rusyn	30	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10,350	5,085	5,270	0	0	0
Bosnian	1,860	905	960	0	0	0
Croatian	4,260	2,105	2,155	0	0	0
Serbian	4,040	1,975	2,065	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	190	100	90	0	0	0
Slovak	1,865	910	950	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	555	245	305	0	0	0
Ukrainian	16,750	7,630	9,125	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	295	165	130	0	0	0
Irish	75	45	25	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	50	20	20	0	0	0
Welsh	145	75	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	93,145	45,830	47,320	10	5	0
Frisian	250	145	105	0	0	0
High German languages	60,990	29,660	31,325	10	5	0
German	59,835	29,055	30,775	10	5	0
Pennsylvania German	20	10	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	1,045	550	495	0	0	0
Yiddish	90	50	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	28,670	14,425	14,245	5	5	0
Afrikaans	3,150	1,555	1,595	0	0	0
Dutch	13,140	6,605	6,535	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	3,060	1,545	1,510	5	5	0
Low Saxon	260	145	120	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	8,815	4,455	4,355	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	245	120	125	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	3,155	1,540	1,615	0	0	0
Danish	1,850	945	910	0	0	0
Icelandic	95	45	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	525	245	285	0	0	0
Swedish	680	310	370	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	85	50	30	0	0	0
Greek	2,820	1,430	1,385	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	197,415	100,095	97,320	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	176,130	89,315	86,820	5	0	0
Assamese	85	45	40	0	0	0
Bengali	7,735	3,900	3,835	0	0	0
Gujarati	15,330	7,920	7,415	0	0	0
Hindi	18,815	9,525	9,285	0	0	0
Kacchi	1,625	720	905	0	0	0
Kashmiri	125	65	60	0	0	0
Konkani	345	170	180	0	0	0
Marathi	1,910	970	935	0	0	0
Nepali	5,900	3,035	2,865	0	0	0
Oriya languages	185	100	90	0	0	0
Odia	130	70	60	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	60	30	30	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	91,070	46,205	44,870	0	0	0
Rohingya	30	20	15	0	0	0
Sindhi	685	345	340	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,700	1,380	1,325	0	0	0
Urdu	28,635	14,425	14,210	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	945	495	445	0	0	0
Iranian languages	21,225	10,750	10,470	0	0	0
Baluchi	65	40	25	0	0	0
Kurdish	2,010	1,035	975	0	0	0
Parsi	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pashto	2,960	1,505	1,460	0	0	0
Persian languages	16,065	8,115	7,955	0	0	0
Dari	5,005	2,490	2,515	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	9,030	4,585	4,445	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	2,035	1,040	995	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	90	45	45	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	88,045	42,845	45,205	10	0	5
Catalan	70	30	45	0	0	0
Italian	9,505	4,745	4,755	0	0	0
Portuguese	9,910	4,750	5,165	0	0	0
Romanian	7,425	3,635	3,790	0	0	0
Spanish	61,090	29,655	31,435	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	75	35	40	0	0	0
Japanese	4,575	1,550	3,025	0	0	0
Korean	19,240	8,935	10,305	0	0	0
Mongolian	565	255	310	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	16,500	8,265	8,235	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	1,660	855	800	0	0	0
Bamanankan	30	20	10	0	0	0
Edo	245	125	115	0	0	0
Éwé	225	125	95	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	190	100	95	0	0	0
Ga	125	60	60	0	0	0
Ganda	315	160	160	0	0	0
Gikuyu	160	75	85	0	0	0
Igbo	1,380	725	650	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,135	550	585	0	0	0
Lingala	205	110	100	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mòoré	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mwani	200	100	95	0	0	0
Ndebele	390	190	205	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	655	305	350	0	0	0
Shona	1,105	530	580	0	0	0
Soninke	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	150	50	100	0	0	0
Swahili	2,455	1,165	1,290	0	0	0
Wojenaka	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolof	265	145	115	0	0	0
Yoruba	3,205	1,710	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,265	1,090	1,170	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,450	1,275	1,175	0	0	0
Dinka	1,040	575	470	0	0	0
Nuer	625	290	335	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	650	340	310	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	130	70	60	0	0	0
Sign languages	840	440	400	0	0	0
American Sign Language	695	370	330	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	140	70	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	118,025	54,995	63,030	10	10	5
Chinese languages	115,870	53,935	61,940	10	10	5
Hakka	880	405	470	0	0	0
Mandarin	54,135	25,165	28,970	0	0	0
Min Dong	55	25	30	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,400	1,040	1,360	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	440	215	225	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	56,280	26,280	30,005	10	10	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,605	760	845	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,055	1,015	1,040	0	0	0
Burmese	415	205	215	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	130	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	725	365	355	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	585	290	290	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	140	75	65	0	0	0
Tibetan	670	335	335	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	120	55	60	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	3,040	1,110	1,935	0	0	0
Lao	950	460	490	0	0	0
Thai	2,010	620	1,390	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	85	35	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages	4,335	2,360	1,975	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	440	235	200	0	0	0
Kazakh	90	35	55	0	0	0
Turkish	3,290	1,825	1,460	0	0	0
Uyghur	130	60	70	0	0	0
Uzbek	240	130	110	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	145	65	75	0	0	0
Uralic languages	6,120	2,890	3,230	5	5	0
Estonian	165	75	90	0	0	0
Finnish	700	285	415	0	0	0
Hungarian	5,255	2,530	2,725	5	5	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	170	85	80	0	0	0
Multiple responses	166,455	80,575	85,890	5	0	5
English and French	17,600	8,520	9,085	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	131,195	63,735	67,465	5	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	3,125	1,535	1,590	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,425	1,160	1,270	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	12,105	5,625	6,480	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	530	260	270
English	3,183,975	1,606,395	1,577,580	485	235	245
French	15,490	7,660	7,835	0	0	0
Non-official language	272,985	131,515	141,475	10	0	5
Indigenous³⁹	3,700	1,890	1,805	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	269,280	129,620	139,665	10	0	5
English and French	41,100	19,580	21,515	10	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	664,935	323,185	341,750	25	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	1,590	725	865	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	17,280	8,175	9,105	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	24,475	11,545	12,930	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	530	260	270
Single responses	4,054,960	2,027,555	2,027,400	535	260	275
Official languages	3,504,300	1,758,870	1,745,425	505	245	260
English	3,481,545	1,747,645	1,733,895	500	245	255
French	22,755	11,225	11,530	0	0	0
Non-official languages	550,665	268,690	281,975	25	10	15
Indigenous languages³⁹	7,175	3,615	3,565	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	6,355	3,210	3,140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	965	490	475	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	475	235	240	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	290	150	145	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	4,510	2,275	2,230	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	95	45	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	90	45	45	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	60	30	30	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	25	5	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	685	345	340	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	680	340	340	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	585	300	290	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	70	40	35	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	60	30	30	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	15	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	100	45	55	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	10	5	5	0	0	0
Stoney	85	35	45	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	543,490	265,075	278,415	25	10	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	52,375	26,290	26,085	0	0	0
Berber languages	165	85	80	0	0	0
Kabyle	95	50	45	0	0	0
Tamazight	55	30	25	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chadic languages	105	60	45	0	0	0
Hausa	105	60	45	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10,170	5,010	5,155	0	0	0
Bilen	490	255	240	0	0	0
Oromo	2,580	1,305	1,270	0	0	0
Somali	7,045	3,425	3,620	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages	41,920	21,120	20,800	0	0	0
Amharic	5,025	2,385	2,635	0	0	0
Arabic	28,040	14,195	13,840	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	630	310	325	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	310	155	160	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	190	90	95	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	135	65	65	0	0	0
Harari	140	70	70	0	0	0
Hebrew	415	215	200	0	0	0
Maltese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	7,600	3,905	3,700	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	60	35	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	17,075	7,795	9,285	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	975	430	545	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15,945	7,280	8,670	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	155	90	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	82,190	38,845	43,345	0	0	0
Bikol	200	100	100	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,250	595	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	2,990	1,435	1,555	0	0	0
Fijian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,290	610	680	0	0	0
Ilocano	4,450	2,075	2,375	0	0	0
Indonesian	435	215	220	0	0	0
Kankanaey	210	95	120	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	85	40	45	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	65	30	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	700	330	370	0	0	0
Pangasinan	180	85	95	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	69,570	32,865	36,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	205	100	110	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	500	245	255	0	0	0
Creole languages	1,010	485	525	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	295	140	155	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	45	15	25	0	0	0
Krio	120	55	60	0	0	0
Morisyen	235	115	115	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	205	105	100	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	110	45	65	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	11,840	5,985	5,855	0	0	0
Kannada	305	150	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	6,270	3,150	3,120	0	0	0
Tamil	3,480	1,790	1,690	0	0	0
Telugu	1,705	860	845	0	0	0
Tulu	45	20	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Georgian	130	75	60	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	265,460	131,850	133,610	10	10	5
Albanian	1,040	550	490	0	0	0
Armenian	245	115	125	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	28,760	13,815	14,945	0	0	0
Baltic languages	345	175	170	0	0	0
Latvian	140	75	65	0	0	0
Lithuanian	205	105	105	0	0	0
Slavic languages	28,415	13,640	14,775	0	0	0
Belarusian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	595	290	305	0	0	0
Czech	765	365	400	0	0	0
Macedonian	180	95	90	0	0	0
Polish	6,810	3,230	3,575	0	0	0
Russian	10,885	5,205	5,680	0	0	0
Rusyn	10	10	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	4,370	2,105	2,265	0	0	0
Bosnian	750	360	395	0	0	0
Croatian	1,525	740	785	0	0	0
Serbian	2,055	990	1,065	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slovak	585	285	295	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	105	50	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	4,080	1,990	2,090	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
Irish	15	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	15	0	0	0
Welsh	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40,925	20,195	20,730	0	0	0
Frisian	40	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	29,275	14,360	14,920	0	0	0
German	29,025	14,235	14,790	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	240	115	125	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	11,310	5,675	5,630	0	0	0
Afrikaans	1,720	850	870	0	0	0
Dutch	1,520	725	800	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	2,280	1,170	1,115	0	0	0
Low Saxon	135	65	65	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5,620	2,850	2,770	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	15	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	280	130	150	0	0	0
Danish	100	50	50	0	0	0
Icelandic	25	10	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Swedish	130	55	75	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Greek	935	430	505	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	146,225	73,640	72,580	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	132,370	66,780	65,590	5	0	0
Assamese	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bengali	5,085	2,505	2,580	0	0	0
Gujarati	10,620	5,435	5,185	0	0	0
Hindi	12,295	6,225	6,075	0	0	0
Kacchi	830	345	480	0	0	0
Kashmiri	70	35	40	0	0	0
Konkani	130	65	70	0	0	0
Marathi	1,145	570	570	0	0	0
Nepali	4,280	2,200	2,080	0	0	0
Oriya languages	75	40	35	0	0	0
Odia	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75,180	38,085	37,090	0	0	0
Rohingya	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	405	205	200	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,595	790	805	0	0	0
Urdu	20,080	9,990	10,085	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	520	255	265	0	0	0
Iranian languages	13,835	6,850	6,980	0	0	0
Baluchi	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,310	655	660	0	0	0
Parsi	15	5	10	0	0	0
Pashto	1,920	960	960	0	0	0
Persian languages	10,495	5,190	5,310	0	0	0
Dari	2,990	1,435	1,560	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	6,150	3,065	3,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	47,235	23,055	24,180	0	0	0
Catalan	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	2,140	915	1,220	0	0	0
Portuguese	4,585	2,230	2,355	0	0	0
Romanian	3,525	1,745	1,775	0	0	0
Spanish	36,925	18,135	18,790	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	0	0	0
Japanese	2,195	920	1,275	0	0	0
Korean	14,510	6,915	7,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	360	165	200	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	6,470	3,055	3,415	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	750	370	380	0	0	0
Bamanankan	15	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	40	25	20	0	0	0
Éwé	50	30	25	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	145	70	75	0	0	0
Ga	30	15	20	0	0	0
Ganda	110	50	60	0	0	0
Gikuyu	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	445	215	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	565	255	315	0	0	0
Lingala	140	60	80	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	20	10	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	50	30	25	0	0	0
Ndebele	140	65	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	330	160	175	0	0	0
Shona	375	180	195	0	0	0
Soninke	15	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	55	20	35	0	0	0
Swahili	1,100	505	595	0	0	0
Wojenaka	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	175	100	80	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	670	300	375	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,265	640	625	0	0	0
Dinka	560	310	245	0	0	0
Nuer	400	185	220	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	280	135	145	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,325	765	560	0	0	0
American Sign Language	1,065	610	455	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	255	150	105	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	81,325	38,350	42,970	15	5	10
Chinese languages	79,775	37,570	42,200	15	5	10
Hakka	310	125	180	0	0	0
Mandarin	40,005	19,245	20,765	0	0	0
Min Dong	20	5	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	985	405	575	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	265	130	140	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	37,205	17,195	20,010	15	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	965	455	505	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,505	765	745	0	0	0
Burmese	250	125	125	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	120	60	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages	565	280	280	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	460	230	225	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	510	265	245	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,410	655	755	0	0	0
Lao	430	205	230	0	0	0
Thai	930	430	495	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35	0	0	0
Turkic languages	2,685	1,405	1,285	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	235	115	120	0	0	0
Kazakh	25	15	10	0	0	0
Turkish	2,180	1,145	1,035	0	0	0
Uyghur	80	40	40	0	0	0
Uzbek	125	65	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,805	860	945	0	0	0
Estonian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	110	55	50	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,675	795	880	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	166,875	81,225	85,650	0	0	0
English and French	8,010	3,875	4,130	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	152,980	74,600	78,375	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	770	345	430	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,755	845	915	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	3,355	1,560	1,795	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	535	260	270
None	3,610,710	1,812,855	1,797,850	495	240	255
English	224,860	111,370	113,495	20	10	10
French	30,900	14,530	16,375	5	5	0
Non-official language	279,795	133,050	146,750	10	5	5
Indigenous³⁹	10,470	4,835	5,630	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	269,325	128,210	141,115	10	5	0
English and French	2,825	1,370	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	34,750	17,340	17,410	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	7,875	3,655	4,220	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	565	295	275	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	29,550	14,325	15,225	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	285	270
Official languages	4,113,035	2,061,660	2,051,375	550	285	265
English	4,109,720	2,060,230	2,049,495	550	285	265
French	260,415	119,860	140,560	95	60	40
Non-official languages	1,215,795	587,465	628,325	65	35	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	32,910	15,640	17,275	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	29,220	13,945	15,275	0	0	0
Blackfoot	6,605	3,085	3,515	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	22,000	10,590	11,410	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	21,980	10,585	11,395	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	190	100	90	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	150	60	85	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	4,265	1,840	2,425	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	2,155	1,060	1,100	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15,405	7,600	7,800	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,050	480	570	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	40	10	30	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	1,020	470	555	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	70	40	35	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	635	290	345	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	320	135	185	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	2,510	1,145	1,365	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	2,490	1,140	1,350	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	20	0	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	60	25	30	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	1,760	840	920	0	0	0
Gwich'in	20	15	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	395	165	230	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	285	120	165	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	25	15	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	125	45	80	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	15	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	15	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	180	60	120	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	160	55	100	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	40	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	20	0	15	0	0	0
Michif	235	105	130	0	0	0
Salish languages	20	20	10	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	1,155	580	580	0	0	0
Assiniboine	130	55	70	0	0	0
Dakota	200	105	95	0	0	0
Stoney	890	455	430	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	40	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	105	35	65	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,183,510	572,060	611,450	65	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	123,440	63,820	59,620	0	0	0
Berber languages	630	370	260	0	0	0
Kabyle	425	215	210	0	0	0
Tamazight	180	135	45	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	55	40	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	845	500	345	0	0	0
Hausa	810	470	335	0	0	0
Mina	35	30	10	0	0	0
Coptic	135	70	65	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20,915	10,520	10,385	0	0	0
Bilen	810	415	385	0	0	0
Oromo	5,390	2,775	2,610	0	0	0
Somali	14,865	7,395	7,475	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	170	90	80	0	0	0
Semitic languages	105,580	54,910	50,670	0	0	0
Amharic	15,775	8,070	7,700	0	0	0
Arabic	76,760	40,430	36,335	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	1,125	625	495	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	470	260	205	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	435	255	190	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	235	125	105	0	0	0
Harari	365	190	175	0	0	0
Hebrew	3,710	1,935	1,770	0	0	0
Maltese	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15,380	7,855	7,515	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	420	285	130	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35,940	16,645	19,295	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,685	1,275	1,410	0	0	0
Vietnamese	33,020	15,240	17,785	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	390	225	165	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	181,630	80,370	101,260	0	0	0
Bikol	1,140	605	535	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	3,010	1,285	1,720	0	0	0
Cebuano	8,560	3,850	4,710	0	0	0
Fijian	330	170	165	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	3,750	1,590	2,160	0	0	0
Ilocano	13,710	5,825	7,885	0	0	0
Indonesian	2,410	1,045	1,355	0	0	0
Kankanaey	615	230	380	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	175	95	80	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	80	30	45	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	70	30	35	0	0	0
Malay	1,705	805	900	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	2,670	1,210	1,465	0	0	0
Pangasinan	1,215	560	660	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	172,625	76,255	96,375	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	1,015	460	550	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5,045	2,295	2,750	0	0	0
Creole languages	5,360	2,730	2,630	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	1,435	765	670	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	480	210	275	0	0	0
Krio	530	260	270	0	0	0
Morisyen	855	425	430	0	0	0
Sango	30	25	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	1,250	670	585	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,160	580	580	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25,790	13,240	12,545	0	0	0
Kannada	1,785	915	870	0	0	0
Malayalam	12,090	6,195	5,890	0	0	0
Tamil	10,105	5,340	4,760	0	0	0
Telugu	5,040	2,575	2,465	0	0	0
Tulu	160	80	75	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	0	0	0
Georgian	315	175	140	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	607,625	300,360	307,265	50	25	20
Albanian	3,130	1,730	1,405	0	0	0
Armenian	795	440	355	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	88,305	41,660	46,640	0	0	0
Baltic languages	975	425	545	0	0	0
Latvian	330	130	195	0	0	0
Lithuanian	650	300	350	0	0	0
Slavic languages	87,775	41,425	46,350	0	0	0
Belarusian	280	120	165	0	0	0
Bulgarian	1,680	800	880	0	0	0
Czech	3,880	1,930	1,950	0	0	0
Macedonian	635	295	345	0	0	0
Polish	22,385	10,655	11,730	0	0	0
Russian	29,760	14,030	15,725	0	0	0
Rusyn	40	35	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	13,860	6,820	7,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	3,470	1,675	1,795	0	0	0
Croatian	6,945	3,440	3,510	0	0	0
Serbian	6,415	3,155	3,260	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	260	115	140	0	0	0
Slovak	2,540	1,165	1,375	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	770	335	440	0	0	0
Ukrainian	23,340	10,625	12,715	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	0	0	0
Celtic languages	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Irish	535	260	275	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	240	110	130	0	0	0
Welsh	335	170	165	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	0	0	0
Germanic languages	107,065	53,150	53,915	0	0	0
Frisian	385	175	210	0	0	0
High German languages	66,405	33,105	33,300	0	0	0
German	65,370	32,550	32,820	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	30	15	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	1,585	785	800	0	0	0
Yiddish	215	135	85	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	38,720	19,390	19,320	0	0	0
Afrikaans	5,940	3,005	2,935	0	0	0
Dutch	17,170	8,515	8,655	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	4,055	2,030	2,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon	290	150	140	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	11,395	5,810	5,590	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	370	180	195	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5,305	2,545	2,760	0	0	0
Danish	2,525	1,295	1,225	0	0	0
Icelandic	135	45	85	0	0	0
Norwegian	1,235	555	680	0	0	0
Swedish	1,620	760	855	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	105	60	45	0	0	0
Greek	4,645	2,365	2,280	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	266,095	135,440	130,660	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	242,500	123,495	119,005	0	0	0
Assamese	190	105	90	0	0	0
Bengali	10,675	5,385	5,285	0	0	0
Gujarati	24,780	12,630	12,150	0	0	0
Hindi	94,015	48,065	45,945	0	0	0
Kacchi	3,495	1,550	1,945	0	0	0
Kashmiri	335	160	175	0	0	0
Konkani	860	430	425	0	0	0
Marathi	4,030	2,080	1,950	0	0	0
Nepali	6,995	3,620	3,370	0	0	0
Oriya languages	245	115	135	0	0	0
Odia	80	35	45	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	170	85	90	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	126,385	64,695	61,690	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	1,380	755	620	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,960	1,950	2,010	0	0	0
Urdu	51,540	26,420	25,125	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	2,125	1,155	970	0	0	0
Iranian languages	27,205	13,830	13,380	0	0	0
Baluchi	95	60	35	0	0	0
Kurdish	2,510	1,335	1,180	0	0	0
Parsi	35	20	10	0	0	0
Pashto	4,550	2,335	2,220	0	0	0
Persian languages	20,940	10,630	10,310	0	0	0
Dari	7,385	3,640	3,745	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	11,130	5,755	5,370	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	2,710	1,390	1,320	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	205	105	100	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	315	185	130	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	154,035	74,195	79,845	20	10	10
Catalan	155	75	80	0	0	0
Italian	19,480	9,525	9,960	0	0	0
Portuguese	14,645	7,290	7,355	0	0	0
Romanian	9,765	4,930	4,830	0	0	0
Spanish	116,070	55,430	60,640	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	455	270	185	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	300	135	165	0	0	0
Japanese	10,925	4,845	6,080	0	0	0
Korean	23,030	10,705	12,325	0	0	0
Mongolian	790	355	435	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	41,335	20,960	20,375	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	3,555	1,805	1,755	0	0	0
Bamanankan	130	80	55	0	0	0
Edo	735	400	335	0	0	0
Éwé	490	265	225	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	475	270	205	0	0	0
Ga	515	265	255	0	0	0
Ganda	730	350	380	0	0	0
Gikuyu	420	205	210	0	0	0
Igbo	4,685	2,390	2,295	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,955	1,010	945	0	0	0
Lingala	1,555	790	765	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	205	95	110	0	0	0
Mòoré	110	50	60	0	0	0
Mwani	330	180	145	0	0	0
Ndebele	950	465	480	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,305	675	630	0	0	0
Shona	2,160	1,035	1,130	0	0	0
Soninke	125	65	55	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	320	140	180	0	0	0
Swahili	9,495	5,040	4,455	0	0	0
Wojenaka	145	85	60	0	0	0
Wolof	730	400	330	0	0	0
Yoruba	10,490	5,265	5,220	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	6,385	3,160	3,230	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	3,615	1,890	1,725	0	0	0
Dinka	1,595	850	740	0	0	0
Nuer	745	355	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,285	695	590	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	440	240	200	0	0	0
Sign languages	6,525	2,455	4,070	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5,685	2,100	3,585	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	30	10	20	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	970	415	550	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	144,545	68,355	76,190	10	0	10
Chinese languages	141,465	66,830	74,635	10	0	10
Hakka	1,450	630	820	0	0	0
Mandarin	82,095	38,175	43,915	0	0	0
Min Dong	55	25	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,250	1,825	2,425	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	615	280	335	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	74,960	35,260	39,700	10	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,795	860	930	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	3,035	1,510	1,520	0	0	0
Burmese	895	450	450	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	160	75	80	0	0	0
Karenic languages	1,095	555	545	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	970	485	480	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	170	90	80	0	0	0
Tibetan	825	435	390	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	325	135	195	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	240	75	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	4,335	1,770	2,565	0	0	0
Lao	1,515	755	760	0	0	0
Thai	3,030	1,125	1,905	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	220	90	130	0	0	0
Turkic languages	7,450	4,015	3,435	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	950	500	445	0	0	0
Kazakh	235	110	125	0	0	0
Turkish	5,830	3,285	2,540	0	0	0
Uyghur	205	80	120	0	0	0
Uzbek	435	225	210	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	260	110	140	0	0	0
Uralic languages	7,950	3,810	4,140	0	0	0
Estonian	245	105	135	0	0	0
Finnish	1,020	480	540	0	0	0
Hungarian	6,700	3,235	3,465	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,135	630	505	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	280	270
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	284,470	137,665	146,800	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	276,060	133,625	142,435	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	145,640	70,360	75,285	0	0	0
Métis	127,470	61,780	65,690	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	2,945	1,480	1,465	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	4,785	2,435	2,350	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	3,620	1,610	2,010	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	3,893,245	1,950,565	1,942,685	555	280	270
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	280	270
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	126,530	61,050	65,485	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	4,051,185	2,027,185	2,024,000	555	280	270
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
Owner	1,157,495	...	...	185	...	...
Renter	465,220	...	...	15	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
Condominium	294,875	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	1,338,345	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
No bedrooms	9,160	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	158,300	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	350,400	...	...	10	...	...
3 bedrooms	566,750	...	...	45	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	548,610	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	427,120	...	...	0	...	...
5 rooms	258,680	...	...	0	...	...
6 rooms	235,145	...	...	10	...	...
7 rooms	206,130	...	...	35	...	...
8 or more rooms	506,150	...	...	145	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,589,600	...	...	200	...	...
More than one person per room	43,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
Suitable	1,556,960	...	...	200	...	...
Not suitable	76,260	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
1960 or before	168,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	428,655	...	...	195	...	...
1981 to 1990	188,550	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	224,315	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	152,840	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	168,905	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	161,095	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	139,935	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,543,795	...	...	190	...	...
Major repairs needed	89,420	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
One-maintainer household	802,915	...	...	90	...	...
Two-maintainer household	745,175	...	...	105	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	85,130	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
15 to 24 years	51,475	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	260,820	...	...	25	...	...
35 to 44 years	341,390	...	...	50	...	...
45 to 54 years	304,080	...	...	25	...	...
55 to 64 years	311,335	...	...	25	...	...
65 to 74 years	222,825	...	...	45	...	...
75 to 84 years	105,505	...	...	25	...	...
85 years and over	35,775	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,588,960	...	...	200	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,251,370	...	...	190	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	337,585	...	...	0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	306,355	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	463,775	...	...	20	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	304,300	...	...	10	...	...
Not suitable only	58,970	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	61,750	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	11,080	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	21,460	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	5,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	740	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	1,169,450	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	1,557,725	...	...	200	...	...
In core need	154,230	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	1,403,495	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,131,995	...	...	185	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.2	...	...	48.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,678	...	...	1,600	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,800	...	...	604,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	463,570	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.1	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.0	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.7	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,280	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,332	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	5.5	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	302	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	350	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	4,177,715	2,088,230	2,089,480	550	285	270
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	135,650	66,545	69,110	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	131,200	64,375	66,820	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	101,455	49,465	51,990	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	28,695	14,340	14,355	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	1,050	570	480	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	4,455	2,175	2,285	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	4,090	1,985	2,100	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	160	75	90	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	160	85	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	50	25	25	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	187,365	90,475	96,890	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	180,640	87,270	93,375	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	102,335	49,695	52,640	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	76,055	36,420	39,640	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,255	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	6,720	3,210	3,515	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,150	2,915	3,235	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	315	140	175	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	205	130	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	15	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	3,854,695	1,931,210	1,923,485	525	275	255
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	285	265
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	3,792,705	1,903,020	1,889,685	555	285	265
Canadian citizens aged under 18	900,670	463,925	436,745	145	70	70
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,892,035	1,439,095	1,452,945	415	215	200
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	385,010	185,215	199,795	0	0	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	285	265
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	3,141,915	1,585,765	1,556,150	490	255	240
Immigrants⁸¹	970,970	468,250	502,725	60	35	30
Before 1980	127,275	62,275	65,005	30	15	15
1980 to 1990	91,320	44,550	46,770	15	10	10
1991 to 2000	126,605	60,125	66,480	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	239,260	115,815	123,445	0	0	0
2011 to 2021⁸²	386,510	185,485	201,025	0	0	0
2011 to 2015	193,335	93,675	99,665	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	193,175	91,810	101,360	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	64,830	34,215	30,610	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	970,975	468,250	502,725	60	30	30
Under 5 years	85,135	43,645	41,485	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	169,075	87,630	81,440	10	0	0
15 to 24 years	175,855	81,330	94,525	20	0	20
25 to 44 years	450,070	213,555	236,510	25	15	10
45 years and over	90,845	42,090	48,760	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	970,975	468,250	502,725	60	30	30
Americas	110,855	51,790	59,065	0	0	0
Brazil	3,800	1,590	2,210	0	0	0
Colombia	10,385	4,855	5,535	0	0	0
El Salvador	6,940	3,340	3,600	0	0	0
Guyana	2,375	1,175	1,205	0	0	0
Haiti	1,370	745	625	0	0	0
Jamaica	8,695	4,160	4,530	0	0	0
Mexico	17,990	8,935	9,055	0	0	0
Peru	1,905	825	1,075	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	3,360	1,560	1,800	0	0	0
United States of America	30,540	13,490	17,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	23,500	11,110	12,395	0	0	0
Europe	180,590	90,195	90,395	45	25	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,335	2,155	2,185	0	0	0
Croatia	3,405	1,710	1,700	0	0	0
France	2,720	1,330	1,390	0	0	0
Germany	16,635	8,000	8,635	0	0	0
Greece	1,895	1,035	855	0	0	0
Hungary	3,080	1,505	1,580	0	0	0
Italy	6,990	3,605	3,380	0	0	0
Netherlands	12,730	6,680	6,050	0	0	0
Poland	15,595	7,280	8,315	0	0	0
Portugal	3,730	1,895	1,835	0	0	0
Romania	7,190	3,585	3,605	0	0	0
Russian Federation	7,470	3,205	4,260	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	2,220	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Ukraine	8,915	4,050	4,870	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	56,675	29,555	27,125	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	26,990	13,535	13,460	0	0	0
Africa	119,295	60,715	58,580	0	0	0
Algeria	1,220	665	560	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	3,215	1,640	1,575	0	0	0
Egypt	6,760	3,660	3,095	0	0	0
Eritrea	9,720	5,230	4,495	0	0	0
Ethiopia	14,420	7,085	7,340	0	0	0
Morocco	2,130	1,100	1,035	0	0	0
Nigeria	21,065	10,925	10,145	0	0	0
Somalia	8,545	4,260	4,285	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	8,960	4,430	4,535	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	43,250	21,720	21,530	0	0	0
Asia	549,965	260,520	289,440	15	0	10
Afghanistan	6,585	3,235	3,350	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	8,865	4,625	4,245	0	0	0
Iraq	6,220	3,225	2,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	9,960	5,375	4,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	9,975	5,310	4,665	0	0	0
Turkey	2,830	1,575	1,260	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	61,390	27,935	33,455	10	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	18,725	9,090	9,630	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	16,180	7,545	8,635	0	0	0
Taiwan	3,395	1,415	1,980	0	0	0
Philippines	167,735	74,205	93,530	0	0	0
Viet Nam	27,880	12,700	15,180	0	0	0
Bangladesh	6,035	3,080	2,960	0	0	0
India	122,150	61,405	60,740	0	0	0
Pakistan	30,810	15,690	15,120	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	4,930	2,490	2,445	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	46,305	21,615	24,690	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10,275	5,030	5,240	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	193,170	91,815	101,360	0	0	0
Americas	19,300	8,985	10,320	0	0	0
Brazil	1,365	555	810	0	0	0
Colombia	1,310	535	775	0	0	0
Haiti	220	135	85	0	0	0
Jamaica	2,130	985	1,145	0	0	0
Mexico	4,165	2,140	2,025	0	0	0
United States of America	5,175	2,460	2,715	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,220	525	695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	3,715	1,645	2,070	0	0	0
Europe	15,750	7,955	7,795	0	0	0
France	405	200	200	0	0	0
Germany	750	310	445	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	1,060	640	425	0	0	0
Italy	470	285	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	1,090	395	695	0	0	0
Ukraine	2,045	920	1,125	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,800	2,170	1,630	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	6,135	3,045	3,090	0	0	0
Africa	34,320	16,870	17,450	0	0	0
Algeria	155	50	105	0	0	0
Burundi	450	220	230	0	0	0
Cameroon	905	385	520	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	920	450	465	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	265	125	140	0	0	0
Egypt	1,190	595	595	0	0	0
Eritrea	5,120	2,665	2,450	0	0	0
Ethiopia	3,960	1,865	2,100	0	0	0
Morocco	510	215	290	0	0	0
Nigeria	9,840	4,950	4,890	0	0	0
Somalia	1,960	970	985	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,950	1,025	930	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	1,135	530	605	0	0	0
Tunisia	250	150	105	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	5,725	2,680	3,040	0	0	0
Asia	122,360	57,210	65,145	0	0	0
Afghanistan	1,350	655	700	0	0	0
Bangladesh	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	9,495	4,095	5,400	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	730	330	395	0	0	0
India	31,815	16,070	15,745	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	1,420	665	750	0	0	0
Iraq	1,305	625	680	0	0	0
Israel	660	365	295	0	0	0
Japan	335	50	285	0	0	0
Jordan	455	235	220	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	3,425	1,440	1,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	955	455	500	0	0	0
Nepal	1,365	670	695	0	0	0
Pakistan	4,085	1,950	2,130	0	0	0
Philippines	47,605	21,395	26,215	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	690	360	325	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	740	370	365	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	7,295	3,900	3,400	0	0	0
Turkey	845	405	440	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	690	375	315	0	0	0
Viet Nam	1,760	580	1,180	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	4,205	1,670	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	1,445	785	655	0	0	0
Australia	940	510	430	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	500	280	220	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	285	270
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,074,140	522,255	551,885	65	30	30
Second generation¹⁰¹	777,505	391,285	386,215	85	45	40
Third generation or more¹⁰²	2,326,075	1,174,690	1,151,385	410	205	195
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	843,700	405,975	437,720	30	10	15
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	471,325	236,805	234,520	10	0	10
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	192,785	116,035	76,755	10	0	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	278,535	120,765	157,765	0	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	240,090	98,410	141,680	10	0	10
Refugees¹⁰⁸	123,970	66,715	57,255	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	8,315	4,050	4,265	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	843,700	405,975	437,720	30	10	15
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	29,815	17,215	12,595	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	126,640	57,515	69,125	10	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	24,340	12,430	11,910	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	47,540	25,735	21,805	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	3,740	1,430	2,305	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	611,625	291,650	319,975	25	10	10
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	280	270
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,161,420	571,535	589,885	45	15	30
South Asian	297,650	152,030	145,620	0	0	0
Chinese	164,235	79,520	84,710	10	0	10
Black	177,940	90,375	87,570	0	0	0
Filipino	216,710	99,540	117,170	0	0	0
Arab	69,505	36,555	32,955	0	0	0
Latin American	66,520	32,115	34,405	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	54,005	25,215	28,790	0	0	0
West Asian	25,075	12,835	12,240	0	0	0
Korean	24,365	11,600	12,770	0	0	0
Japanese	13,560	6,135	7,425	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	12,100	5,985	6,120	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	39,745	19,625	20,120	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	3,016,295	1,516,700	1,499,605	510	270	240
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	285	270
Canadian	484,655	251,795	232,860	100	60	45
English	766,070	376,940	389,130	140	75	60
Irish	561,915	270,440	291,470	165	80	85
Scottish	631,015	309,855	321,160	110	45	60
French, n.o.s.¹²²	340,900	167,270	173,635	35	20	20
German	641,025	317,325	323,705	120	70	45
Chinese	177,990	85,545	92,440	15	0	10
Italian	98,730	49,855	48,875	55	20	35
Indian (India)	155,700	79,060	76,640	0	0	0
Ukrainian	343,640	169,070	174,575	55	30	25
Dutch	174,625	87,015	87,610	30	20	10
Polish	169,925	82,005	87,915	50	25	25
Québécois	5,380	2,810	2,570	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	124,835	63,065	61,770	0	0	0
Filipino	203,955	94,020	109,935	0	0	0
French Canadian	32,365	15,655	16,710	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	73,475	37,700	35,780	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	73,355	35,940	37,415	0	0	0
Métis	115,455	55,915	59,535	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	70,790	36,360	34,425	0	0	0
Russian	97,890	46,455	51,435	0	0	0
Norwegian	154,535	74,455	80,085	35	20	15
Welsh	76,810	36,840	39,970	0	0	0
Portuguese	21,415	10,745	10,680	0	0	0
American	66,100	32,535	33,560	10	0	10
Spanish	40,165	18,395	21,770	10	10	10
Swedish	92,975	43,950	49,025	15	0	15
Hungarian	51,360	25,175	26,185	10	10	0
Acadian	10,110	5,175	4,935	0	0	0
Pakistani	39,535	20,140	19,390	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	34,225	17,015	17,210	0	0	0
Jewish	14,405	7,195	7,210	0	0	0
Punjabi	37,585	19,270	18,315	0	0	0
Vietnamese	39,395	18,815	20,580	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	23,860	12,675	11,185	0	0	0
Greek	13,980	7,290	6,690	0	0	0
Jamaican	15,620	7,845	7,775	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	31,255	15,030	16,225	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	62,465	30,145	32,315	0	0	0
Korean	24,170	11,505	12,660	0	0	0
Romanian	31,530	14,880	16,650	0	0	0
Lebanese	28,480	14,600	13,880	0	0	0
Iranian	10,550	5,380	5,165	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	14,380	7,135	7,240	0	0	0
Danish	56,190	27,550	28,640	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	26,435	12,745	13,695	0	0	0
Sikh	28,860	15,005	13,855	0	0	0
Austrian	36,220	17,895	18,325	0	0	0
Belgian	21,985	10,715	11,270	0	0	0
Haitian	2,460	1,255	1,200	0	0	0
Hindu	20,535	10,485	10,050	0	0	0
Mexican	25,450	12,870	12,580	0	0	0
Mennonite	31,565	15,825	15,740	0	0	0
Swiss	22,450	11,045	11,405	0	0	0
Finnish	18,705	9,040	9,665	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	5,140	2,600	2,540	0	0	0
Croatian	13,720	6,830	6,890	0	0	0
Japanese	18,605	8,565	10,040	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	8,945	4,525	4,420	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	8,305	4,030	4,275	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	25,800	13,080	12,720	0	0	0
Muslim	12,420	6,350	6,065	0	0	0
Egyptian	9,585	5,080	4,505	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	12,105	5,985	6,125	0	0	0
Tamil	3,160	1,645	1,515	0	0	0
Icelandic	19,720	9,865	9,850	0	0	0
Colombian	11,115	5,380	5,735	0	0	0
Moroccan	2,620	1,375	1,250	0	0	0
Czech	19,730	9,465	10,260	0	0	0
Syrian	9,520	4,880	4,645	0	0	0
Guyanese	3,370	1,715	1,655	0	0	0
Afghan	10,380	5,155	5,225	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	6,880	3,570	3,310	0	0	0
Serbian	7,410	3,655	3,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	4,680	2,280	2,395	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	8,615	4,495	4,125	0	0	0
Hong Konger	6,715	3,340	3,375	0	0	0
Ontarian	3,155	1,505	1,655	0	0	0
Persian	4,640	2,425	2,215	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	4,595	2,300	2,295	0	0	0
Turkish	6,670	3,725	2,945	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	3,935	2,065	1,870	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	6,525	3,435	3,090	0	0	0
Algerian	1,300	680	620	0	0	0
Brazilian	5,000	2,340	2,655	0	0	0
Nigerian	14,600	7,585	7,015	0	0	0
Armenian	1,870	930	940	0	0	0
Slovak	10,525	5,200	5,320	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	7,430	3,470	3,965	0	0	0
Somali	16,310	8,160	8,150	0	0	0
Taiwanese	3,630	1,510	2,120	0	0	0
Iraqi	4,725	2,385	2,345	0	0	0
Salvadorean	7,055	3,475	3,580	0	0	0
African Caribbean	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	7,445	3,460	3,980	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	5,800	3,120	2,680	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	3,670	1,735	1,930	0	0	0
Algonquin	1,680	820	860	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	2,215	995	1,220	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5,670	2,635	3,035	0	0	0
South African	8,400	4,055	4,345	0	0	0
Australian	8,395	4,275	4,125	0	0	0
Palestinian	4,425	2,365	2,060	0	0	0
Chilean	7,350	3,765	3,590	0	0	0
Congolese	3,540	1,815	1,725	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	2,590	1,280	1,310	0	0	0
Ethiopian	13,505	6,620	6,875	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	5,735	2,690	3,045	0	0	0
Peruvian	2,670	1,270	1,395	0	0	0
Yoruba	8,895	4,535	4,360	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	4,535	2,235	2,295	0	0	0
Berber	995	550	450	0	0	0
Albanian	3,240	1,810	1,430	0	0	0
Maltese	1,535	800	730	0	0	0
Macedonian	925	440	485	0	0	0
Slovenian	3,860	1,935	1,925	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	5,220	2,505	2,715	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	1,545	790	760	0	0	0
Gujarati	4,210	2,140	2,070	0	0	0
Eritrean	11,010	5,580	5,430	0	0	0
African Canadian	2,605	1,305	1,305	0	0	0
Israeli	1,920	995	925	0	0	0
Mohawk	1,965	1,020	950	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	8,235	3,925	4,310	0	0	0
Bulgarian	2,490	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Albertan	26,600	13,605	12,990	0	0	0
Ghanaian	4,015	2,025	1,995	0	0	0
Barbadian	1,725	835	895	0	0	0
African American	3,250	1,665	1,585	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	4,085	1,990	2,095	0	0	0
Tunisian	855	440	415	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	3,640	1,890	1,745	0	0	0
Cuban	2,125	985	1,140	0	0	0
Bosnian	4,170	2,065	2,100	0	0	0
Venezuelan	4,240	2,015	2,220	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	250	110	140	0	0	0
Latvian	2,920	1,450	1,470	0	0	0
Bengali	2,190	1,090	1,095	0	0	0
Cameroonian	2,205	1,060	1,140	0	0	0
Guatemalan	2,395	1,185	1,210	0	0	0
Indonesian	3,640	1,660	1,985	0	0	0
Laotian	2,460	1,225	1,235	0	0	0
Ilocano	6,045	2,785	3,255	0	0	0
Northern Irish	2,525	1,205	1,320	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	2,405	1,230	1,175	0	0	0
British Columbian	1,940	965	980	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	980	465	515	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	320	190	130	0	0	0
Argentinian	2,030	1,030	1,000	0	0	0
Estonian	2,640	1,280	1,365	0	0	0
Kurdish	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
Fijian	4,155	2,040	2,115	0	0	0
Jatt	2,875	1,445	1,430	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	2,195	1,125	1,070	0	0	0
Coptic	1,285	650	635	0	0	0
Thai	3,535	1,240	2,295	0	0	0
Dominican	1,005	525	480	0	0	0
Nepali	5,140	2,655	2,485	0	0	0
Kabyle	225	125	95	0	0	0
Assyrian	690	345	350	0	0	0
Igbo	5,245	2,750	2,495	0	0	0
Byelorussian	2,310	1,120	1,190	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	4,220	2,020	2,200	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	11,115	5,290	5,830	0	0	0
Abenaki	135	65	70	0	0	0
Moldovan	2,070	1,065	1,005	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	1,360	645	710	0	0	0
New Zealander	3,175	1,630	1,545	0	0	0
Sudanese	5,225	2,690	2,530	0	0	0
Breton	320	155	165	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	1,950	770	1,180	0	0	0
Malaysian	2,640	1,205	1,435	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5,360	2,660	2,705	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	965	470	490	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	240	140	105	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	4,150	1,935	2,210	0	0	0
Buddhist	2,200	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Gaspesian	80	55	25	0	0	0
Norman	495	330	165	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	2,715	1,400	1,315	0	0	0
Ivorian	685	330	360	0	0	0
Saulteaux	1,990	910	1,075	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	550	240	315	0	0	0
Burundian	1,155	575	580	0	0	0
Tigrinya	5,075	2,745	2,325	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	1,780	895	880	0	0	0
Mauritian	985	450	540	0	0	0
Kenyan	2,710	1,315	1,395	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	135	40	95	0	0	0
Vincentian	445	200	250	0	0	0
Jordanian	1,175	575	600	0	0	0
Manitoban	1,595	845	750	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	665	305	355	0	0	0
Rwandan	1,605	860	745	0	0	0
Grenadian	600	245	355	0	0	0
Malayali	1,705	900	800	0	0	0
Chaldean	255	140	115	0	0	0
Sinhalese	1,220	590	630	0	0	0
Mayan	1,405	710	695	0	0	0
Honduran	905	395	515	0	0	0
Cherokee	2,075	1,030	1,040	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	910	460	455	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	310	150	155	0	0	0
Flemish	1,530	740	785	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	520	250	265	0	0	0
Senegalese	380	215	155	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	975	500	475	0	0	0
Sicilian	345	185	155	0	0	0
Pashtun	1,370	715	650	0	0	0
Malay	1,785	855	925	0	0	0
Goan	565	295	270	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	865	440	435	0	0	0
Tibetan	850	455	395	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	2,825	1,300	1,530	0	0	0
Burmese	1,115	535	580	0	0	0
Mongolian	1,690	805	885	0	0	0
Azorean	230	100	130	0	0	0
Atikamekw	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bamileke	340	185	160	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	250	135	110	0	0	0
Ugandan	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
Oromo	3,745	2,025	1,715	0	0	0
Tanzanian	1,500	775	725	0	0	0
Yemeni	1,160	565	595	0	0	0
Central African	320	165	155	0	0	0
Libyan	1,010	620	395	0	0	0
Basque	475	235	240	0	0	0
Uruguayan	285	145	145	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	840	400	445	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	735	410	330	0	0	0
Igorot	2,535	1,145	1,395	0	0	0
Fulani	370	190	180	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	2,295	1,120	1,180	0	0	0
Guinean	370	190	185	0	0	0
St. Lucian	535	235	300	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	585	280	310	0	0	0
Maliseet	110	55	55	0	0	0
Beninese	320	160	165	0	0	0
Telugu	580	310	270	0	0	0
Roma	655	305	350	0	0	0
Costa Rican	595	290	305	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	225	120	105	0	0	0
Malagasy	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kashmiri	1,195	575	620	0	0	0
Singaporean	780	340	440	0	0	0
Karen	1,120	560	560	0	0	0
Edo	1,145	625	525	0	0	0
Tajik	370	185	190	0	0	0
Amhara	1,755	925	825	0	0	0
Paraguayan	310	125	185	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	280	270
Buddhist	42,830	19,140	23,690	0	0	0
Christian	2,009,820	952,440	1,057,385	340	170	170
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	429,375	207,320	222,055	0	0	0
Anabaptist	20,035	10,075	9,960	0	0	0
Anglican	95,560	43,925	51,635	25	15	0
Baptist	44,605	20,650	23,955	0	0	0
Catholic	833,025	399,750	433,275	225	110	120
Christian Orthodox	63,775	30,995	32,775	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	18,185	7,955	10,235	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	47,125	22,540	24,580	0	0	0
Lutheran	78,925	36,470	42,455	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	9,640	4,400	5,240	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	53,900	25,250	28,655	0	0	0
Presbyterian	22,850	10,360	12,495	0	0	0
Reformed	14,735	7,310	7,430	0	0	0
United Church	153,820	67,205	86,615	55	30	30
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	124,265	58,235	66,030	15	10	10
Hindu	78,520	40,435	38,085	0	0	0
Jewish	11,390	5,475	5,915	0	0	0
Muslim	202,535	103,635	98,900	0	0	0
Sikh	103,600	52,505	51,100	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	19,755	9,640	10,120	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	33,220	14,325	18,905	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	1,676,045	890,645	785,400	220	120	100
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	4,131,540	2,064,715	2,066,825	555	285	270
Non-movers	3,583,005	1,793,310	1,789,695	505	260	245
Movers	548,535	271,400	277,130	50	20	25
Non-migrants	367,325	182,230	185,100	40	15	25
Migrants	181,205	89,170	92,035	10	10	0
Internal migrants	152,655	75,275	77,380	10	10	0
Intraprovincial migrants	107,180	52,880	54,295	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	45,475	22,390	23,090	0	0	0
External migrants	28,555	13,900	14,650	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	3,930,000	1,961,005	1,969,000	500	260	245
Non-movers	2,314,250	1,158,665	1,155,590	385	200	185
Movers	1,615,755	802,340	813,415	120	60	60
Non-migrants	854,765	427,660	427,105	95	45	45
Migrants	760,990	374,680	386,305	25	15	15
Internal migrants	596,980	295,120	301,860	25	15	15
Intraprovincial migrants	431,785	213,950	217,830	10	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	165,195	81,160	84,035	0	0	0
External migrants	164,015	79,565	84,445	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	440	230	205
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	595,665	322,765	272,900	55	25	35
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,779,465	1,353,090	1,426,375	380	205	170
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,298,165	1,141,780	1,156,380	245	125	120
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	274,480	156,485	117,990	10	0	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,023,680	985,290	1,038,390	235	120	115
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,275	440	235	210
No certificate, diploma or degree	522,835	275,555	247,275	50	15	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	972,110	482,900	489,215	110	65	35
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,880,185	917,400	962,790	285	145	140
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,014,810	524,770	490,045	105	50	50
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	295,285	232,120	63,165	15	10	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	87,195	51,295	35,900	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	208,090	180,830	27,260	15	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	612,690	250,540	362,145	75	35	45
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	106,840	42,105	64,735	15	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	865,370	392,625	472,745	180	90	80
Bachelor's degree	605,025	265,105	339,925	110	60	50
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	44,915	19,815	25,100	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	23,880	12,100	11,775	0	0	0
Master's degree	164,245	79,220	85,025	45	30	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	27,315	16,385	10,920	10	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,298,160	1,141,780	1,156,385	250	120	125
No certificate, diploma or degree	227,880	126,960	100,920	10	0	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	581,820	298,415	283,405	40	30	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,488,465	716,410	772,060	200	95	105
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	774,420	401,065	373,355	70	30	40
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	220,930	175,185	45,745	10	10	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	61,815	37,400	24,415	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	159,110	137,785	21,330	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	472,155	193,510	278,645	50	15	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	81,335	32,370	48,965	10	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	714,040	315,340	398,700	135	65	70
Bachelor's degree	497,885	213,625	284,260	65	35	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	35,125	15,110	20,020	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	20,045	9,435	10,615	0	0	0
Master's degree	139,935	65,290	74,645	45	25	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	21,050	11,880	9,165	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	440	235	205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,494,945	758,460	736,490	155	85	70
Education	129,710	30,305	99,400	15	0	10
13. Education	129,710	30,305	99,400	15	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	49,820	20,045	29,775	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	5,805	4,125	1,675	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	44,015	15,915	28,100	0	0	0
Humanities	75,030	29,415	45,615	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	7,385	1,545	5,845	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	15,425	4,255	11,170	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	24,015	8,710	15,315	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	1,165	400	760	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	5,555	3,090	2,465	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	11,680	6,855	4,830	0	0	0
54. History	8,065	4,165	3,895	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	1,735	400	1,335	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	177,435	57,365	120,070	35	20	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,750	620	2,130	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	21,730	8,340	13,395	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	29,220	2,090	27,125	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	31,215	10,250	20,965	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	3,045	1,025	2,015	0	0	0
42. Psychology	31,925	7,565	24,355	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	57,565	27,475	30,085	30	15	10
Business, management and public administration	390,110	151,140	238,975	90	45	50
30.16 Accounting and computer science	615	160	455	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	23,375	4,465	18,910	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	366,120	146,520	219,605	90	45	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	80,425	40,180	40,245	20	10	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	29,505	11,950	17,555	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	18,630	8,340	10,295	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,115	400	715	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	26,315	17,555	8,760	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	4,860	1,930	2,930	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	71,380	45,230	26,150	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	58,030	39,530	18,500	0	0	0
25. Library science	4,400	600	3,800	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	7,770	4,330	3,435	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	1,190	765	420	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	461,075	411,075	49,995	55	55	0
04. Architecture and related services	12,095	7,465	4,625	0	0	0
14. Engineering	114,735	92,365	22,370	35	35	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	106,575	91,350	15,225	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	50	25	25	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	95,890	92,650	3,240	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	82,805	80,150	2,655	0	0	0
48. Precision production	48,925	47,075	1,850	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	51,710	28,660	23,055	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	35,010	19,075	15,935	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	16,700	9,575	7,120	0	0	0
Health and related fields	295,415	56,225	239,190	45	10	35
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	20,505	9,625	10,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	267,750	42,785	224,965	35	0	35
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	475	180	295	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	6,680	3,635	3,050	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	97,660	47,575	50,075	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	57,430	15,580	41,845	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	365	335	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	705	605	100	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	19,025	12,445	6,580	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	20,125	18,615	1,520	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	420	190	235	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	245	125	125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	809,700	425,375	384,325	50	25	20
Education	92,240	19,980	72,255	15	0	15
13. Education	92,240	19,980	72,255	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	39,730	15,620	24,110	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	4,065	2,750	1,315	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	35,665	12,875	22,790	0	0	0
Humanities	58,200	22,205	35,990	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	5,945	1,210	4,740	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	12,145	3,310	8,825	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	19,305	6,800	12,500	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	890	295	590	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,385	2,430	1,950	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	8,135	4,740	3,395	0	0	0
54. History	6,205	3,160	3,040	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	1,190	250	940	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	146,530	45,555	100,975	20	10	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,315	515	1,800	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	18,890	6,940	11,950	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	23,325	1,630	21,690	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	25,940	7,730	18,210	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	2,545	825	1,715	0	0	0
42. Psychology	25,775	5,750	20,025	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	47,735	22,165	25,570	20	10	10
Business, management and public administration	317,125	121,510	195,615	80	30	50
30.16 Accounting and computer science	450	135	315	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	18,680	3,200	15,480	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	297,995	118,175	179,820	80	30	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	61,555	29,465	32,090	15	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	23,290	9,185	14,105	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	14,260	6,255	8,010	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	900	315	580	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	19,655	12,320	7,335	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,445	1,385	2,055	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	61,125	39,035	22,085	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	51,435	34,910	16,530	0	0	0
25. Library science	2,945	460	2,490	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	5,775	3,080	2,700	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	965	590	370	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	362,315	318,170	44,135	40	40	0
04. Architecture and related services	9,600	5,585	4,020	0	0	0
14. Engineering	95,200	75,075	20,125	20	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	84,485	71,240	13,245	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	40	10	30	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	73,955	71,080	2,875	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	61,780	59,485	2,290	0	0	0
48. Precision production	37,260	35,705	1,555	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	40,085	20,610	19,475	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	26,160	12,965	13,205	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	13,925	7,650	6,275	0	0	0
Health and related fields	232,820	45,895	186,920	25	0	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	16,345	7,640	8,705	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	210,650	35,325	175,320	20	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	400	145	255	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	5,430	2,785	2,645	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	76,410	38,205	38,205	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	43,535	12,080	31,455	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	300	275	25	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	445	390	55	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	15,885	10,385	5,505	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	16,245	15,080	1,165	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	350	145	205	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	245	125	125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	809,700	425,375	384,325	50	25	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,488,465	716,405	772,060	195	90	105
Location of study inside Canada	1,157,790	563,035	594,750	175	80	95
Same as province or territory of residence	886,080	429,870	456,210	120	40	75
Different than province or territory of residence	271,710	133,165	138,545	60	40	25
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	330,675	153,370	177,305	20	10	10
Americas	54,515	26,775	27,740	10	10	0
United States of America	34,460	17,900	16,555	10	10	0
Mexico	4,820	2,255	2,565	0	0	0
Cuba	625	300	320	0	0	0
Haiti	190	125	65	0	0	0
Jamaica	1,470	665	805	0	0	0
Brazil	2,480	1,000	1,475	0	0	0
Colombia	3,200	1,335	1,865	0	0	0
Peru	640	220	420	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	2,395	995	1,400	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	4,235	1,975	2,265	0	0	0
Europe	54,920	28,570	26,350	0	0	0
Belgium	510	320	190	0	0	0
France	2,005	1,045	960	0	0	0
Germany	3,195	1,670	1,520	0	0	0
Netherlands	2,110	1,215	890	0	0	0
Switzerland	945	515	435	0	0	0
Hungary	645	310	335	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	980	445	540	0	0	0
Poland	3,150	1,350	1,805	0	0	0
Romania	2,790	1,455	1,335	0	0	0
Russian Federation	3,450	1,515	1,935	0	0	0
Ukraine	4,305	1,940	2,365	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	1,865	1,115	750	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20,280	11,190	9,090	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	730	375	360	0	0	0
Italy	660	360	300	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	755	365	390	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	6,550	3,385	3,165	0	0	0
Africa	26,775	13,770	13,005	0	0	0
Nigeria	7,795	3,825	3,970	0	0	0
Algeria	670	345	325	0	0	0
Morocco	1,085	615	475	0	0	0
Tunisia	505	305	200	0	0	0
Egypt	3,230	1,665	1,565	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	3,660	1,885	1,770	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	9,830	5,130	4,700	0	0	0
Asia	188,060	80,750	107,315	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	3,440	1,605	1,835	0	0	0
Iraq	1,435	730	705	0	0	0
Israel	655	350	305	0	0	0
Lebanon	1,500	695	805	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	1,370	700	660	0	0	0
Turkey	895	540	360	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	17,320	7,525	9,795	0	0	0
Taiwan	960	245	715	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,245	425	820	0	0	0
Japan	1,935	530	1,405	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	6,990	2,990	4,000	0	0	0
Philippines	74,205	29,080	45,130	0	0	0
Viet Nam	1,500	545	955	0	0	0
Bangladesh	2,470	990	1,490	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	1,280	685	595	0	0	0
India	52,120	24,905	27,215	0	0	0
Pakistan	10,355	4,710	5,645	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	8,390	3,510	4,885	0	0	0
Oceania	6,410	3,505	2,905	0	0	0
Australia	4,880	2,560	2,320	0	0	0
New Zealand	1,105	680	425	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	425	265	160	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,280	440	235	210
In the labour force	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,425	245	140	105
Employed	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,135	215	120	95
Unemployed	264,650	138,365	126,290	30	20	10
Not in the labour force	1,079,750	459,900	619,845	195	95	105
Participation rate	68.0	72.6	63.5	55.7	59.6	50.0
Employment rate	60.2	64.3	56.1	48.9	51.1	45.2
Unemployment rate	11.5	11.4	11.7	12.2	14.3	9.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	440	235	205
Did not work¹⁸⁶	1,140,745	497,150	643,595	170	80	90
Worked	2,234,385	1,178,705	1,055,680	265	155	120
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	1,164,455	670,620	493,835	130	75	60
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	1,069,930	508,085	561,840	135	80	60
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	41.5	39.9	41.4	40.0	43.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	245	140	100
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	70,455	34,850	35,605	20	15	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	225	125	95
Employee	1,876,950	967,450	909,500	170	95	75
Permanent position	1,560,435	814,805	745,625	135	85	55
Temporary position	316,520	152,640	163,880	30	10	20
Fixed term (1 year or more)	97,610	44,060	53,555	10	0	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	218,905	108,585	110,320	25	10	15
Self-employed¹⁹²	347,975	213,655	134,320	55	35	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	245	140	100
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	70,455	34,850	35,605	20	15	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	225	125	95
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	23,120	16,455	6,665	15	10	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	373,795	110,275	263,520	60	25	35
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	182,880	140,540	42,340	25	20	0
3 Health occupations	182,480	34,585	147,895	15	0	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	246,625	82,115	164,510	20	0	15
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	51,815	21,140	30,675	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	538,930	232,640	306,285	40	20	15
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	441,955	399,605	42,345	30	30	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	99,430	77,250	22,180	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	83,895	66,480	17,415	15	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	245	140	100
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	70,455	34,850	35,605	20	15	0
All industries¹⁹¹	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	225	125	95
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	63,965	42,305	21,665	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	112,890	88,690	24,200	25	25	10
22 Utilities	22,630	15,900	6,735	0	0	0
23 Construction	210,350	177,845	32,505	10	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	118,890	88,735	30,155	10	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	71,580	50,655	20,930	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	253,030	117,605	135,425	15	10	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	128,410	96,000	32,410	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	28,680	16,625	12,055	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	68,355	27,225	41,135	25	20	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	39,400	21,625	17,775	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	177,895	99,055	78,840	25	10	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	4,420	2,075	2,345	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	91,750	51,325	40,430	10	10	0
61 Educational services	149,170	43,775	105,400	20	0	15
62 Health care and social assistance	285,090	51,930	233,155	30	10	20
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	42,685	20,880	21,805	20	15	10
72 Accommodation and food services	132,930	57,280	75,650	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	104,530	50,355	54,175	15	0	15
91 Public administration	118,270	61,230	57,040	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	270	155	120
English	2,319,940	1,223,960	1,095,975	265	155	115
French	3,840	1,145	2,695	0	0	0
Non-official language	14,015	7,470	6,545	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	245	140	105	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	13,770	7,330	6,440	0	0	0
English and French	20,015	8,200	11,815	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	61,830	31,865	29,965	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	45	15	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,550	765	785	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	885	475	410	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	270	155	120
Single responses	2,407,485	1,266,360	1,141,120	270	155	120
Official languages	2,381,515	1,252,385	1,129,135	270	155	120
English	2,374,615	1,250,455	1,124,165	265	155	115
French	6,900	1,930	4,970	0	0	0
Non-official languages	25,965	13,980	11,990	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	765	425	340	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	695	400	300	0	0	0
Blackfoot	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	630	355	280	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	630	355	280	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	55	30	20	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	55	20	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	520	295	220	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,200	13,555	11,650	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,025	535	495	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	165	70	95	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	30	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	135	60	80	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	850	450	400	0	0	0
Amharic	100	50	60	0	0	0
Arabic	600	315	280	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	125	60	65	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,305	500	805	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	0	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,275	480	795	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,160	540	620	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	70	40	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,065	490	570	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	90	35	55	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tamil	30	10	25	0	0	0
Telugu	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	12,180	7,175	5,010	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	780	300	480	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	780	300	480	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	225	90	135	0	0	0
Russian	305	100	200	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	90	45	45	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbian	55	35	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	115	55	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	3,025	1,985	1,045	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	1,555	970	580	0	0	0
German	1,540	965	575	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,445	995	455	0	0	0
Afrikaans	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dutch	85	50	30	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	330	245	80	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	1,025	695	330	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	0	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5,660	3,440	2,220	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5,435	3,340	2,100	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	135	65	65	0	0	0
Hindi	280	150	135	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	70	20	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,630	2,975	1,655	0	0	0
Sindhi	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	285	125	160	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	220	100	120	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	210	95	110	0	0	0
Dari	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	115	55	65	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	20	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,660	1,415	1,245	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Portuguese	125	75	50	0	0	0
Romanian	75	45	35	0	0	0
Spanish	2,420	1,275	1,145	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0	0	0
Japanese	205	70	135	0	0	0
Korean	1,250	630	620	0	0	0
Mongolian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	65	30	35	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	200	100	100	0	0	0
American Sign Language	170	80	85	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,340	3,725	3,615	0	0	0
Chinese languages	7,295	3,700	3,605	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	3,105	1,570	1,535	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	4,145	2,095	2,050	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	30	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	15	0	0	0
Burmese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	170	65	100	0	0	0
Lao	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	150	55	90	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	145	115	30	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	145	115	30	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	30	20	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	14,630	7,530	7,100	0	0	0
English and French	2,560	1,105	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	11,695	6,245	5,440	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	145	65	75	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	190	90	105	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	270	155	120
None	2,350,940	1,239,355	1,111,590	270	155	120
English	13,200	6,355	6,840	0	0	0
French	14,630	6,410	8,215	0	0	0
Non-official language	36,335	18,310	18,025	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	2,125	865	1,255	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	34,210	17,445	16,765	0	0	0
English and French	35	25	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	1,080	540	540	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	1,125	565	560	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	4,760	2,335	2,420	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,140	215	125	95
Worked at home	446,315	211,420	234,900	75	45	30
Worked outside Canada	5,430	4,105	1,330	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	319,675	242,835	76,845	20	20	0
Usual place of work	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	115	55	65
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	120	60	60
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	902,040	419,240	482,800	100	50	55
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	292,360	157,820	134,535	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	52,590	34,120	18,470	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	12,315	8,060	4,260	10	0	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	140	75	60
Car, truck or van	1,378,685	765,905	612,775	115	65	55
Car, truck or van - as a driver	1,287,940	730,925	557,015	115	65	45
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	90,740	34,980	55,760	0	0	0
Public transit	88,255	39,915	48,345	0	0	0
Walked	62,810	27,445	35,360	0	0	0
Bicycle	11,370	7,975	3,395	0	0	0
Other method	37,865	20,820	17,040	15	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	140	75	60
Less than 15 minutes	487,710	225,360	262,355	40	15	20
15 to 29 minutes	610,485	333,105	277,385	65	35	30
30 to 44 minutes	302,735	184,370	118,365	30	15	15
45 to 59 minutes	87,230	55,475	31,755	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	90,815	63,765	27,050	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	140	75	60
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	116,400	88,060	28,340	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	296,930	194,765	102,165	20	15	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	424,170	228,535	195,630	60	35	25
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	299,145	134,910	164,240	45	25	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	195,835	83,185	112,655	10	0	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	246,495	132,620	113,880	0	0	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	971,390	499,245	472,145	110	50	65
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	67,140	34,000	33,140	15	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	904,245	465,240	439,005	100	40	55
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	704,490	362,400	342,090	85	40	45
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	49,735	25,180	24,555	10	5	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	24,675	12,010	12,665	10	0	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	25,055	13,170	11,890	5	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	654,755	337,220	317,530	70	30	40

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not applicable
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suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 5, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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