Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48062165More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			AlbertaMore information: [Province] Remove			48062527More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	675	...	...	4,262,635	...	...	176	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	4,067,175	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	4.8	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	461	...	...	1,772,670	...	...	38	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	366	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	38	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	392.3	...	...	6.7	...	...	381.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1.72	...	...	634,658.27	...	...	0.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	675	300	380	4,262,635	2,127,935	2,134,700	175	90	85
0 to 14 years	70	30	40	809,640	415,870	393,770	20	10	10
0 to 4 years	25	15	10	250,250	128,560	121,690	5	0	0
5 to 9 years	25	10	15	278,810	142,850	135,955	5	0	5
10 to 14 years	20	5	10	280,585	144,460	136,120	10	5	0
15 to 64 years	455	205	250	2,823,770	1,416,910	1,406,865	125	60	60
15 to 19 years	30	20	15	249,765	128,745	121,015	20	10	5
20 to 24 years	40	15	25	248,740	128,595	120,150	15	10	10
25 to 29 years	60	20	40	275,465	138,510	136,955	10	5	5
30 to 34 years	70	40	35	323,260	160,175	163,085	15	10	10
35 to 39 years	45	20	20	338,945	168,390	170,560	10	5	5
40 to 44 years	35	15	20	307,665	153,715	153,955	10	10	5
45 to 49 years	40	25	20	277,770	139,705	138,065	10	0	10
50 to 54 years	40	15	20	262,770	131,650	131,120	10	10	5
55 to 59 years	40	20	25	274,150	135,825	138,325	10	5	5
60 to 64 years	50	20	35	265,240	131,600	133,640	15	10	10
65 years and over	150	65	85	629,220	295,155	334,070	25	15	10
65 to 69 years	70	30	40	217,270	106,975	110,295	10	10	0
70 to 74 years	30	10	15	163,890	79,150	84,735	5	0	5
75 to 79 years	15	10	5	105,520	49,860	55,660	10	5	5
80 to 84 years	20	10	15	70,160	31,510	38,650	5	0	0
85 years and over	10	5	5	72,375	27,660	44,720	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	44,670	18,540	26,130	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	21,430	7,545	13,890	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	5,480	1,405	4,075	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	795	170	625	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10.4	10.0	10.5	19.0	19.5	18.4	11.4	11.1	11.8
15 to 64 years	67.4	68.3	65.8	66.2	66.6	65.9	71.4	66.7	70.6
65 years and over	22.2	21.7	22.4	14.8	13.9	15.6	14.3	16.7	11.8
85 years and over	1.5	1.7	1.3	1.7	1.3	2.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	43.8	43.4	44.1	39.0	38.4	39.7	40.0	39.6	40.4
Median age of the population	41.6	41.2	42.4	38.4	37.6	38.8	38.8	38.0	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	370	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	40	...	...
Single-detached house	125	...	...	994,565	...	...	40	...	...
Semi-detached house	35	...	...	98,740	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	5	...	...	127,735	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20	...	...	43,730	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10	...	...	247,030	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	155	...	...	74,880	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	1,215	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	15	...	...	45,325	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	365	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	40	...	...
1 person	175	...	...	424,055	...	...	0	...	...
2 persons	115	...	...	551,420	...	...	5	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	249,135	...	...	0	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	243,400	...	...	10	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	165,215	...	...	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	665	290	380	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	175	90	85
Average household size	1.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	605	270	335	3,452,995	1,712,065	1,740,925	150	75	80
Married or living common-law	295	145	150	2,033,945	1,018,425	1,015,520	95	50	45
Married	210	105	105	1,703,285	852,950	850,335	90	45	45
Living common-law	80	35	45	330,655	165,475	165,180	5	0	0
Living common law - Never married	70	35	40	245,650	123,625	122,030	5	0	5
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	12,835	6,745	6,090	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	65,955	32,580	33,375	0	0	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	6,210	2,520	3,690	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	310	125	190	1,419,050	693,640	725,410	60	30	30
Not married and not living common law - Never married	200	90	110	969,780	535,715	434,065	50	25	25
Not married and not living common law - Separated	20	10	15	83,350	36,440	46,910	0	0	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	60	15	45	214,460	87,950	126,505	0	0	0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	35	10	25	151,455	33,530	117,925	0	0	0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	170	...	...	1,164,655	...	...	50	...	...
2 persons	110	...	...	565,900	...	...	15	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	240,980	...	...	5	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	238,600	...	...	20	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	119,170	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.4	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.9	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	170	...	...	1,164,650	...	...	50	...	...
Total couple families	145	...	...	987,465	...	...	45	...	...
Married couples	105	...	...	822,175	...	...	45	...	...
With children⁶	45	...	...	464,975	...	...	25	...	...
Without children	60	...	...	357,200	...	...	15	...	...
Common-law couples	40	...	...	165,290	...	...	0	...	...
With children⁶	0	...	...	60,705	...	...	0	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	104,580	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	177,190	...	...	0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	135,065	...	...	0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	42,125	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	670	290	375	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	180	90	90
Total - Persons in census families	440	205	230	3,456,645	1,720,145	1,736,505	165	85	80
Married spouses or common-law partners	290	140	145	1,974,930	986,995	987,935	90	45	45
Parents in one-parent families	30	5	25	177,185	42,120	135,060	5	0	0
Children⁶	120	60	65	1,304,525	691,020	613,500	70	35	35
In a two-parent family	85	40	40	1,022,235	538,215	484,020	60	30	30
In a one-parent family	35	15	25	282,290	152,810	129,485	10	5	5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	230	90	140	721,070	368,045	353,030	10	5	5
Living alone	180	65	110	424,055	207,075	216,980	0	0	0
Living with other relatives⁷	15	5	15	108,100	49,205	58,900	10	5	5
Living with non-relatives only	35	15	20	188,915	111,760	77,155	0	0	0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	365	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	40	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	155	...	...	1,008,210	...	...	20	...	...
Couple-family households	135	...	...	876,085	...	...	20	...	...
With children⁶	45	...	...	465,405	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	90	...	...	410,680	...	...	5	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	132,125	...	...	0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	47,450	...	...	15	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	60,780	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	82,150	...	...	0	...	...
One-person households	180	...	...	424,055	...	...	0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	600	265	335	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	155	80	75
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	575	255	325	3,213,495	1,597,075	1,616,420	x	x	x
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,600	50,400	48,800	44,800	53,200	38,400	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	575	255	325	3,215,290	1,598,045	1,617,250	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	43,200	43,200	40,400	46,800	35,200	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	545	240	305	2,899,265	1,472,130	1,427,140	x	x	x
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	46,000	40,000	40,000	50,400	31,200	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	450	200	250	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	46,400	44,400	41,600	51,600	33,600	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	515	220	285	2,818,115	1,377,385	1,440,730	x	x	x
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,100	9,000	9,100	8,300	6,120	9,700	x	x	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55	25	35	373,185	184,280	188,900	x	x	x
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	6,280	6,160	5,800	5,760	5,880	x	x	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	170	65	100	978,925	473,610	505,320	x	x	x
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	565	235	330	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	150	80	70
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	550	225	325	3,212,650	1,596,250	1,616,400	x	x	x
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,200	61,600	55,800	60,850	72,700	49,160	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	550	225	325	3,214,490	1,597,255	1,617,235	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,800	52,800	47,800	50,200	58,400	42,120	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	505	210	295	2,900,200	1,472,350	1,427,850	x	x	x
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,200	56,800	50,800	57,300	70,100	44,040	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	400	160	235	2,426,940	1,262,995	1,163,950	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200	56,000	48,000	56,350	67,800	43,920	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	485	195	295	2,817,280	1,376,575	1,440,710	x	x	x
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,040	10,300	9,900	10,440	9,300	11,520	x	x	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45	25	30	371,975	183,715	188,265	x	x	x
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,400	5,600	7,090	6,720	7,450	x	x	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	125	50	75	972,130	470,475	501,650	x	x	x
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,600	8,400	7,000	9,170	9,030	9,290	x	x	x
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	565	230	330	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	150	80	70
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	195	85	115	1,120,075	641,305	478,775	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	73,000	65,500	70,500	78,500	62,000	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,000	77,000	70,000	85,200	96,300	70,400	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	150	55	90	993,770	466,385	527,385	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,800	29,600	25,400	21,600	26,200	18,400	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,600	30,000	32,500	34,280	42,280	27,160	x	x	x
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.0	86.0	84.0	85.0	89.0	79.2	x	x	x
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.6	65.0	63.0	70.0	73.8	64.4	x	x	x
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.3	14.4	16.0	15.0	11.0	20.9	x	x	x
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	1.0	0.8	1.4	1.1	1.8	x	x	x
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.5	3.5	3.6	5.1	4.0	6.7	x	x	x
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.0	3.2	3.0	4.6	3.7	5.9	x	x	x
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	605	265	335	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	x	x	x
Without total income	20	10	10	161,620	78,885	82,730	x	x	x
With total income	580	255	325	3,213,490	1,597,075	1,616,415	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	10	10	271,260	111,180	160,085	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	55	25	30	307,390	122,515	184,880	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	95	35	55	483,175	210,085	273,090	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	70	30	40	384,115	161,270	222,840	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	50	20	30	332,120	148,870	183,245	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	55	20	35	277,960	132,620	145,340	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	50	15	30	232,840	119,260	113,580	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	45	15	30	187,305	105,100	82,205	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	10	146,920	87,190	59,725	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	10	124,520	73,960	50,560	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	105	55	45	465,885	325,025	140,860	x	x	x
$100,000 to $149,999	70	30	35	291,955	191,190	100,765	x	x	x
$150,000 and over	35	20	10	173,935	133,835	40,100	x	x	x
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	605	265	335	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	x	x	x
Without after-tax income	20	10	10	159,820	77,915	81,900	x	x	x
With after-tax income	580	255	325	3,215,295	1,598,045	1,617,245	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	10	10	282,760	115,430	167,325	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	55	25	30	320,525	128,425	192,100	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	120	50	65	545,450	237,370	308,080	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	75	30	45	449,440	194,945	254,500	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	75	30	40	388,170	182,160	206,010	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	65	30	35	314,650	160,140	154,510	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	45	20	30	240,015	135,075	104,940	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	10	178,580	106,080	72,495	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	25	5	15	138,170	82,415	55,755	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	20	10	10	92,045	59,450	32,595	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	55	30	25	265,490	196,560	68,930	x	x	x
$100,000 to $124,999	30	15	15	121,505	85,805	35,705	x	x	x
$125,000 and over	30	20	10	143,985	110,760	33,225	x	x	x
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	605	265	335	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	x	x	x
Without employment income	150	70	85	948,210	413,405	534,805	x	x	x
With employment income	450	195	255	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	x	x	x
Under $5,000 (including loss)	55	25	30	305,715	142,525	163,185	x	x	x
$5,000 to $9,999	30	15	20	186,575	78,780	107,795	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	20	270,795	116,950	153,845	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	30	15	20	212,530	93,955	118,575	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	40	20	25	202,095	92,015	110,080	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	35	15	20	193,315	92,690	100,625	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	15	181,745	89,815	91,930	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	40	10	25	161,830	85,450	76,375	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	15	133,940	78,540	55,400	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	10	110,580	67,335	43,240	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	20	5	15	101,430	59,855	41,575	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	80	40	35	366,350	264,635	101,720	x	x	x
$100,000 to $124,999	40	15	20	158,925	103,055	55,870	x	x	x
$125,000 and over	40	20	20	207,430	161,580	45,850	x	x	x
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	600	265	335	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	155	80	75
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	575	250	320	3,147,180	1,561,420	1,585,760	x	x	x
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	46,400	46,400	44,400	54,800	36,400	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	575	250	320	3,148,375	1,561,645	1,586,735	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	40,800	41,200	39,600	47,600	33,600	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	550	240	310	2,869,935	1,456,690	1,413,250	x	x	x
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	43,200	41,200	43,200	54,000	34,400	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	450	195	255	2,438,175	1,267,255	1,170,925	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	46,800	40,800	44,400	55,200	36,000	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	480	205	275	2,675,790	1,312,270	1,363,520	x	x	x
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,420	1,040	1,940	1,620	1,010	4,080	x	x	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	40	20	20	245,140	118,390	126,750	x	x	x
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	x	9,400	6,240	5,640	7,050	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	565	235	330	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	150	80	70
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	550	225	325	3,146,890	1,560,995	1,585,890	x	x	x
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,000	60,000	55,000	60,750	74,200	47,560	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	550	225	325	3,147,975	1,561,230	1,586,750	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	50,000	46,600	49,720	59,050	40,520	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	515	205	310	2,871,550	1,456,805	1,414,740	x	x	x
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,600	58,000	50,800	60,350	74,400	45,840	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	405	170	235	2,438,445	1,267,615	1,170,835	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,000	57,600	46,400	59,450	72,000	45,800	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	460	170	285	2,676,295	1,312,765	1,363,530	x	x	x
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,120	7,300	7,000	6,720	5,635	7,770	x	x	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30	15	15	244,330	117,410	126,920	x	x	x
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,000	12,000	8,000	7,990	7,020	8,900	x	x	x
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	565	230	330	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	150	80	70
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	190	80	115	1,111,760	636,785	474,975	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	95,000	62,800	68,500	77,500	58,800	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,000	88,000	64,000	83,800	95,700	67,800	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	145	55	85	941,295	443,225	498,070	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	23,800	26,600	30,000	37,200	25,400	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,500	35,000	37,500	43,280	54,050	33,720	x	x	x
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x
Market income (%)	90.0	90.0	88.0	90.6	93.6	86.0	x	x	x
Employment income (%)	66.5	72.0	62.0	75.8	78.8	71.0	x	x	x
Government transfers (%)	10.5	9.4	11.2	9.4	6.4	14.0	x	x	x
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	1.6	0.6	1.0	0.7	1.5	x	x	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	365	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	83,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	180	...	...	424,055	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,600	...	...	48,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	42,400	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	190	...	...	1,209,165	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	345	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	119,700	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,200	...	...	98,800	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	160	...	...	424,120	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	62,050	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,200	...	...	51,400	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	180	...	...	1,209,100	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	115,500	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	365	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	16,810	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	8,310	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	12,525	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	17,725	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	49,050	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	52,025	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	41,490	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	48,190	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	52,710	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	51,200	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	104,130	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	106,340	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	104,230	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	98,820	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	93,990	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	140	...	...	775,675	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	50	...	...	204,960	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	30	...	...	156,945	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	25	...	...	200,675	...	...	x	...	...
$200,000 and over	35	...	...	213,100	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	365	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	18,920	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	8,620	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	12,950	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	18,925	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	52,455	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	30	...	...	58,000	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	48,620	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	56,195	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	62,115	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	60,880	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35	...	...	126,900	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	127,780	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	122,795	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	117,335	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	106,445	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	110	...	...	634,290	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	50	...	...	214,810	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	149,640	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 and over	40	...	...	269,845	...	...	x	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	170	...	...	1,150,150	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	3.1	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	90	...	...	423,245	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	527,475	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	166,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	162,425	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	215	80	135	612,970	318,840	294,130	0	0	0
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000	47,200	48,000	43,600	46,400	40,800	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	42,400	40,400	39,200	41,200	37,200	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	165	...	...	1,149,555	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	115,100	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	90	...	...	423,255	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	128,400	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	528,270	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	210,000	...	...	167,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	175,000	...	...	136,200	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15	...	...	161,495	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	85,100	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	74,800	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	200	65	135	612,950	318,115	294,835	0	0	0
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,200	58,000	47,000	56,550	60,100	52,750	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,800	52,000	41,000	47,360	49,600	44,960	x	x	x
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	670	295	375	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,535	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	80	35	50	953,865	490,345	463,520	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	35	15	15	302,980	155,160	147,820	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	440	195	240	2,638,940	1,317,995	1,320,945	x	x	x
65 years and over	150	65	85	584,915	279,845	305,065	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	55	20	30	382,820	182,970	199,855	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	5	0	5	107,130	54,765	52,370	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	36,250	18,465	17,790	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	25	10	15	213,795	103,030	110,765	x	x	x
65 years and over	20	10	10	61,890	25,180	36,720	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.8	6.0	9.0	9.2	8.8	9.6	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	11.2	11.2	11.3	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	12.0	11.9	12.0	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	6.0	7.0	8.1	7.8	8.4	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	12.0	12.0	12.0	10.6	9.0	12.0	x	x	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	670	290	375	4,132,995	2,065,555	2,067,435	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	85	35	45	936,965	481,700	455,265	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	30	20	15	298,005	152,625	145,380	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	435	195	245	2,614,300	1,305,610	1,308,690	x	x	x
65 years and over	150	60	85	581,730	278,250	303,475	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	40	20	20	187,885	96,630	91,255	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	5	0	5	43,110	21,925	21,180	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	13,945	7,045	6,900	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	25	10	10	130,620	68,100	62,525	x	x	x
65 years and over	5	5	5	14,155	6,605	7,550	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.2	5.0	5.2	4.6	4.7	4.4	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.7	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	4.7	4.6	4.8	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	7.0	5.0	5.0	5.2	4.8	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	4.0	x	x	2.4	2.4	2.5	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	670	290	375	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	x	x	x
In bottom half of the distribution	295	120	175	1,894,410	924,245	970,165	x	x	x
In bottom decile	45	20	30	345,410	172,330	173,080	x	x	x
In second decile	75	25	45	385,215	179,975	205,240	x	x	x
In third decile	45	15	30	380,170	184,770	195,400	x	x	x
In fourth decile	65	30	40	386,560	190,330	196,235	x	x	x
In fifth decile	65	30	40	397,055	196,830	200,215	x	x	x
In top half of the distribution	375	170	205	2,283,310	1,163,940	1,119,365	x	x	x
In sixth decile	55	25	35	406,615	204,040	202,575	x	x	x
In seventh decile	55	30	30	420,810	212,460	208,350	x	x	x
In eighth decile	65	25	40	440,225	223,690	216,535	x	x	x
In ninth decile	85	35	50	470,850	240,765	230,085	x	x	x
In top decile	115	55	55	544,810	282,985	261,825	x	x	x
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	670	...	...	4,177,720	...	...	x	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.358	...	...	0.350	...	...	x	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.459	...	...	0.450	...	...	x	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.313	...	...	0.307	...	...	x	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.4	...	...	3.9	...	...	x	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	670	290	375	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	180	90	90
English only	605	275	325	3,894,690	1,960,785	1,933,905	160	80	75
French only	0	0	0	3,105	1,330	1,780	0	0	0
English and French	65	20	50	258,330	119,725	138,605	5	0	0
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	65,705	26,945	38,760	15	5	10
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	670	290	375	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	180	90	90
English	655	290	365	4,078,135	2,042,220	2,035,915	155	80	75
French	10	5	5	64,440	32,960	31,485	0	0	0
English and French	5	0	5	15,525	7,680	7,840	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	63,735	25,925	37,810	15	5	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	670	290	375	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	180	90	90
Single responses	650	290	365	4,055,375	2,028,210	2,027,165	155	80	75
Official languages	555	245	310	3,148,690	1,591,780	1,556,910	40	20	20
English	545	240	305	3,083,840	1,558,570	1,525,265	40	20	20
French	10	10	5	64,855	33,210	31,645	0	0	0
Non-official languages	100	40	55	906,680	436,430	470,250	120	60	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	17,200	8,165	9,035	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15,155	7,265	7,890	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,470	1,160	1,315	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,370	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,365	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	1,590	705	890	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	1,305	650	655	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	9,255	4,495	4,760	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	385	180	205	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,345	610	735	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,335	605	725	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,075	495	585	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	145	40	100	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	115	35	80	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	445	205	235	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	360	175	180	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	100	40	55	889,485	428,270	461,215	120	60	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	82,270	42,330	39,935	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	335	185	150	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	95	60	30	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	14,995	7,485	7,515	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	650	345	300	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	3,485	1,780	1,705	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10,750	5,280	5,470	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	0	66,720	34,555	32,165	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	8,165	3,925	4,245	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	0	46,425	24,385	22,045	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	835	405	430	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	445	225	220	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	215	105	110	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	885	455	425	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10,065	5,210	4,855	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	50	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	25,655	11,520	14,135	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,775	800	975	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	23,705	10,615	13,090	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	175	100	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	5	131,755	58,110	73,640	5	5	0
Bikol	0	0	0	535	235	295	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,265	985	1,285	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	5,210	2,300	2,910	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	2,370	1,005	1,370	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	7,440	3,325	4,110	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,275	510	765	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	370	155	220	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	165	80	90	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,275	620	650	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	515	235	280	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5	108,395	47,810	60,590	5	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	415	195	225	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,075	475	605	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	1,745	875	875	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	270	130	140	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	420	215	210	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	17,170	8,845	8,330	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	585	295	295	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	8,785	4,450	4,330	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	4,950	2,610	2,340	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,715	1,425	1,295	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	200	110	90	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	25	30	454,815	224,310	230,505	110	60	50
Albanian	0	0	0	2,345	1,250	1,100	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	70,185	32,420	37,760	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	885	405	475	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	365	165	205	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	515	240	275	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	10	69,305	32,020	37,285	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,300	640	660	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,700	1,265	1,435	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	365	185	185	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5	17,540	8,130	9,410	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	17,735	7,850	9,890	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10,350	5,085	5,270	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,860	905	960	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	4,260	2,105	2,155	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	4,040	1,975	2,065	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	100	90	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5	1,865	910	950	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	555	245	305	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	16,750	7,630	9,125	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	295	165	130	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	75	45	25	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	20	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	145	75	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	10	15	93,145	45,830	47,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	10	60,990	29,660	31,325	0	0	0
German	10	5	10	59,835	29,055	30,775	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,045	550	495	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	28,670	14,425	14,245	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	3,150	1,555	1,595	0	0	0
Dutch	5	5	5	13,140	6,605	6,535	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,060	1,545	1,510	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	8,815	4,455	4,355	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	245	120	125	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	3,155	1,540	1,615	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	1,850	945	910	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	525	245	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	680	310	370	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,820	1,430	1,385	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	5	197,415	100,095	97,320	100	50	50
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	176,130	89,315	86,820	100	50	50
Assamese	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,735	3,900	3,835	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	15,330	7,920	7,415	5	5	0
Hindi	0	0	0	18,815	9,525	9,285	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,625	720	905	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	345	170	180	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	1,910	970	935	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5,900	3,035	2,865	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	185	100	90	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	91,070	46,205	44,870	75	40	35
Rohingya	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	345	340	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	2,700	1,380	1,325	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	28,635	14,425	14,210	15	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	945	495	445	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	21,225	10,750	10,470	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,010	1,035	975	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,960	1,505	1,460	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	16,065	8,115	7,955	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	5,005	2,490	2,515	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	9,030	4,585	4,445	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,035	1,040	995	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	5	5	88,045	42,845	45,205	10	5	0
Catalan	0	0	0	70	30	45	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	9,505	4,745	4,755	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	9,910	4,750	5,165	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	7,425	3,635	3,790	0	0	0
Spanish	15	5	5	61,090	29,655	31,435	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0	4,575	1,550	3,025	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0	19,240	8,935	10,305	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	565	255	310	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	16,500	8,265	8,235	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,660	855	800	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	245	125	115	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	225	125	95	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	1,380	725	650	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,135	550	585	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	200	100	95	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	390	190	205	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	655	305	350	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	1,105	530	580	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	150	50	100	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	2,455	1,165	1,290	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	265	145	115	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	3,205	1,710	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,265	1,090	1,170	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	2,450	1,275	1,175	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	1,040	575	470	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	625	290	335	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	650	340	310	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	695	370	330	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	118,025	54,995	63,030	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	5	5	115,870	53,935	61,940	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	880	405	470	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	54,135	25,165	28,970	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,400	1,040	1,360	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	440	215	225	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	56,280	26,280	30,005	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,605	760	845	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	2,055	1,015	1,040	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	415	205	215	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	725	365	355	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	585	290	290	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	670	335	335	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	3,040	1,110	1,935	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	950	460	490	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	2,010	620	1,390	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	4,335	2,360	1,975	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	440	235	200	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,290	1,825	1,460	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	240	130	110	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	65	75	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	6,120	2,890	3,230	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	700	285	415	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	5,255	2,530	2,725	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	85	80	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	5	10	166,455	80,575	85,890	20	5	10
English and French	5	0	5	17,600	8,520	9,085	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	131,195	63,735	67,465	20	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,125	1,535	1,590	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,425	1,160	1,270	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	12,105	5,625	6,480	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	670	290	375	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	180	90	90
English	580	250	330	3,183,975	1,606,395	1,577,580	40	25	20
French	0	0	0	15,490	7,660	7,835	0	0	0
Non-official language	25	15	15	272,985	131,515	141,475	45	25	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	3,700	1,890	1,805	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	15	15	269,280	129,620	139,665	45	25	25
English and French	5	5	0	41,100	19,580	21,515	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	30	664,935	323,185	341,750	75	40	35
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,590	725	865	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	17,280	8,175	9,105	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	24,475	11,545	12,930	5	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	670	290	375	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	180	90	90
Single responses	665	290	375	4,054,960	2,027,555	2,027,400	145	75	70
Official languages	620	270	350	3,504,300	1,758,870	1,745,425	55	25	25
English	620	270	350	3,481,545	1,747,645	1,733,895	55	25	25
French	0	0	0	22,755	11,225	11,530	0	0	0
Non-official languages	40	25	20	550,665	268,690	281,975	90	50	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	7,175	3,615	3,565	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	6,355	3,210	3,140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	965	490	475	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	475	235	240	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	290	150	145	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,510	2,275	2,230	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	685	345	340	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	680	340	340	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	585	300	290	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	25	20	543,490	265,075	278,415	90	50	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	52,375	26,290	26,085	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	165	85	80	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10,170	5,010	5,155	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	2,580	1,305	1,270	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	7,045	3,425	3,620	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	41,920	21,120	20,800	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	5,025	2,385	2,635	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	28,040	14,195	13,840	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	630	310	325	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	310	155	160	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	415	215	200	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,600	3,905	3,700	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	35	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	17,075	7,795	9,285	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	975	430	545	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	15,945	7,280	8,670	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	155	90	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	82,190	38,845	43,345	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,250	595	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,990	1,435	1,555	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,290	610	680	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	4,450	2,075	2,375	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	435	215	220	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	210	95	120	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	65	30	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	700	330	370	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5	69,570	32,865	36,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	1,010	485	525	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	235	115	115	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	205	105	100	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	11,840	5,985	5,855	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	305	150	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	6,270	3,150	3,120	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	3,480	1,790	1,690	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,705	860	845	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	130	75	60	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10	265,460	131,850	133,610	90	45	40
Albanian	0	0	0	1,040	550	490	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	245	115	125	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	28,760	13,815	14,945	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	345	175	170	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	205	105	105	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	5	28,415	13,640	14,775	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	595	290	305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	765	365	400	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	5	6,810	3,230	3,575	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10,885	5,205	5,680	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,370	2,105	2,265	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,525	740	785	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,055	990	1,065	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	585	285	295	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	105	50	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,080	1,990	2,090	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	40,925	20,195	20,730	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	29,275	14,360	14,920	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	29,025	14,235	14,790	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	11,310	5,675	5,630	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,720	850	870	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,520	725	800	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,280	1,170	1,115	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5,620	2,850	2,770	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	130	55	75	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	935	430	505	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	146,225	73,640	72,580	85	45	40
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	132,370	66,780	65,590	85	45	40
Assamese	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	5,085	2,505	2,580	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10,620	5,435	5,185	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	12,295	6,225	6,075	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	830	345	480	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	1,145	570	570	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	4,280	2,200	2,080	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	75,180	38,085	37,090	65	35	35
Rohingya	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	405	205	200	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,595	790	805	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	20,080	9,990	10,085	10	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	13,835	6,850	6,980	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,310	655	660	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,920	960	960	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10,495	5,190	5,310	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	2,990	1,435	1,560	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,150	3,065	3,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	5	47,235	23,055	24,180	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	2,140	915	1,220	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,585	2,230	2,355	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	3,525	1,745	1,775	0	0	0
Spanish	5	5	5	36,925	18,135	18,790	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,195	920	1,275	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	14,510	6,915	7,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	360	165	200	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,470	3,055	3,415	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	750	370	380	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	445	215	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	565	255	315	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	330	160	175	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	375	180	195	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	1,100	505	595	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	175	100	80	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	670	300	375	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,265	640	625	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	560	310	245	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	280	135	145	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,325	765	560	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,065	610	455	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	150	105	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	5	81,325	38,350	42,970	0	0	0
Chinese languages	5	5	5	79,775	37,570	42,200	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	310	125	180	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	40,005	19,245	20,765	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	985	405	575	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	265	130	140	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	37,205	17,195	20,010	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	965	455	505	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,505	765	745	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	250	125	125	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	565	280	280	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	460	230	225	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	510	265	245	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,410	655	755	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	430	205	230	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	930	430	495	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	2,685	1,405	1,285	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	235	115	120	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,180	1,145	1,035	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,805	860	945	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	110	55	50	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,675	795	880	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	5	5	166,875	81,225	85,650	30	15	20
English and French	0	0	0	8,010	3,875	4,130	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	152,980	74,600	78,375	30	15	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	770	345	430	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,755	845	915	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	3,355	1,560	1,795	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	665	290	375	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	175	90	85
None	605	265	345	3,610,710	1,812,855	1,797,850	115	55	60
English	15	5	5	224,860	111,370	113,495	30	20	10
French	5	5	0	30,900	14,530	16,375	0	0	0
Non-official language	35	10	20	279,795	133,050	146,750	20	10	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10,470	4,835	5,630	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	35	10	20	269,325	128,210	141,115	20	10	15
English and French	0	0	0	2,825	1,370	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	5	34,750	17,340	17,410	5	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,875	3,655	4,220	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	565	295	275	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	29,550	14,325	15,225	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	620	265	360	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	175	100	75
Official languages	620	265	360	4,113,035	2,061,660	2,051,375	160	100	60
English	620	265	360	4,109,720	2,060,230	2,049,495	160	100	60
French	60	15	40	260,415	119,860	140,560	0	0	0
Non-official languages	115	55	55	1,215,795	587,465	628,325	155	90	65
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	32,910	15,640	17,275	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	29,220	13,945	15,275	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	6,605	3,085	3,515	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	22,000	10,590	11,410	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	21,980	10,585	11,395	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	190	100	90	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	4,265	1,840	2,425	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	2,155	1,060	1,100	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15,405	7,600	7,800	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,050	480	570	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	1,020	470	555	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	635	290	345	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,510	1,145	1,365	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,490	1,140	1,350	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,760	840	920	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	395	165	230	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	285	120	165	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	125	45	80	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	160	55	100	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	10	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	1,155	580	580	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	200	105	95	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	890	455	430	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	35	65	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	115	55	55	1,183,510	572,060	611,450	155	90	65
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	123,440	63,820	59,620	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	630	370	260	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	180	135	45	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	40	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	845	500	345	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	810	470	335	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	35	30	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	20,915	10,520	10,385	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	810	415	385	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5,390	2,775	2,610	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	14,865	7,395	7,475	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	105,580	54,910	50,670	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	15,775	8,070	7,700	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	76,760	40,430	36,335	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	1,125	625	495	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	435	255	190	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	235	125	105	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,710	1,935	1,770	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	15,380	7,855	7,515	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	420	285	130	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	35,940	16,645	19,295	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,685	1,275	1,410	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	33,020	15,240	17,785	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	390	225	165	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	181,630	80,370	101,260	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	1,140	605	535	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,010	1,285	1,720	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	8,560	3,850	4,710	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	330	170	165	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	3,750	1,590	2,160	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	13,710	5,825	7,885	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	2,410	1,045	1,355	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	615	230	380	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	175	95	80	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	1,705	805	900	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	2,670	1,210	1,465	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	1,215	560	660	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	172,625	76,255	96,375	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	1,015	460	550	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,045	2,295	2,750	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	5,360	2,730	2,630	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	1,435	765	670	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	480	210	275	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	530	260	270	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	30	25	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,250	670	585	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,160	580	580	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25,790	13,240	12,545	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	1,785	915	870	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	12,090	6,195	5,890	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,105	5,340	4,760	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	5,040	2,575	2,465	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70	35	35	607,625	300,360	307,265	135	75	60
Albanian	0	0	0	3,130	1,730	1,405	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	795	440	355	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	88,305	41,660	46,640	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	975	425	545	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	330	130	195	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	650	300	350	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	87,775	41,425	46,350	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	280	120	165	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,680	800	880	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	3,880	1,930	1,950	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	635	295	345	0	0	0
Polish	20	15	10	22,385	10,655	11,730	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	29,760	14,030	15,725	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	40	35	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	13,860	6,820	7,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,470	1,675	1,795	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,945	3,440	3,510	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	6,415	3,155	3,260	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	2,540	1,165	1,375	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	770	335	440	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	23,340	10,625	12,715	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	107,065	53,150	53,915	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	385	175	210	0	0	0
High German languages	15	10	10	66,405	33,105	33,300	0	0	0
German	15	10	10	65,370	32,550	32,820	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,585	785	800	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	215	135	85	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	38,720	19,390	19,320	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5,940	3,005	2,935	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	0	17,170	8,515	8,655	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,055	2,030	2,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	290	150	140	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	11,395	5,810	5,590	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	370	180	195	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	5,305	2,545	2,760	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,525	1,295	1,225	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	135	45	85	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	1,235	555	680	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,620	760	855	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	4,645	2,365	2,280	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	266,095	135,440	130,660	135	75	60
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	242,500	123,495	119,005	135	75	60
Assamese	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,675	5,385	5,285	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	24,780	12,630	12,150	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	94,015	48,065	45,945	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	3,495	1,550	1,945	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	860	430	425	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	4,030	2,080	1,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	6,995	3,620	3,370	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	245	115	135	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	126,385	64,695	61,690	70	50	20
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	1,380	755	620	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	3,960	1,950	2,010	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	51,540	26,420	25,125	50	15	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,155	970	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	27,205	13,830	13,380	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	95	60	35	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,510	1,335	1,180	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	4,550	2,335	2,220	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	20,940	10,630	10,310	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	7,385	3,640	3,745	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	11,130	5,755	5,370	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,710	1,390	1,320	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	105	100	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	185	130	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0	15	154,035	74,195	79,845	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	19,480	9,525	9,960	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	14,645	7,290	7,355	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	9,765	4,930	4,830	0	0	0
Spanish	20	0	15	116,070	55,430	60,640	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	455	270	185	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	300	135	165	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10,925	4,845	6,080	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	10	23,030	10,705	12,325	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	790	355	435	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	41,335	20,960	20,375	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	3,555	1,805	1,755	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	735	400	335	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	475	270	205	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	515	265	255	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	730	350	380	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	420	205	210	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	4,685	2,390	2,295	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,955	1,010	945	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,555	790	765	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	330	180	145	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	950	465	480	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,305	675	630	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	2,160	1,035	1,130	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	320	140	180	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	9,495	5,040	4,455	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	730	400	330	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10,490	5,265	5,220	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	6,385	3,160	3,230	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	3,615	1,890	1,725	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	1,595	850	740	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	745	355	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,285	695	590	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	440	240	200	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	6,525	2,455	4,070	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5,685	2,100	3,585	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	970	415	550	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	20	144,545	68,355	76,190	0	0	0
Chinese languages	25	10	20	141,465	66,830	74,635	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	1,450	630	820	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	82,095	38,175	43,915	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	4,250	1,825	2,425	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	615	280	335	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	74,960	35,260	39,700	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,795	860	930	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	3,035	1,510	1,520	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	895	450	450	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	1,095	555	545	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	970	485	480	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	825	435	390	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	325	135	195	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	75	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	4,335	1,770	2,565	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,515	755	760	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,030	1,125	1,905	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220	90	130	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	7,450	4,015	3,435	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	950	500	445	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,830	3,285	2,540	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	205	80	120	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	435	225	210	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	260	110	140	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	7,950	3,810	4,140	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	245	105	135	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,020	480	540	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	6,700	3,235	3,465	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,135	630	505	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	625	265	360	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	175	100	75
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	20	0	0	284,470	137,665	146,800	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	20	0	0	276,060	133,625	142,435	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	145,640	70,360	75,285	0	0	0
Métis	10	0	0	127,470	61,780	65,690	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	2,945	1,480	1,465	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	4,785	2,435	2,350	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	3,620	1,610	2,010	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	605	255	355	3,893,245	1,950,565	1,942,685	175	100	75
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	625	265	360	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	175	100	75
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	126,530	61,050	65,485	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	615	260	360	4,051,185	2,027,185	2,024,000	175	100	75
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	345	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	35	...	...
Owner	245	...	...	1,157,495	...	...	35	...	...
Renter	100	...	...	465,220	...	...	0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	345	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	35	...	...
Condominium	195	...	...	294,875	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	150	...	...	1,338,345	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	345	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	35	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	9,160	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	65	...	...	158,300	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	155	...	...	350,400	...	...	0	...	...
3 bedrooms	75	...	...	566,750	...	...	0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	45	...	...	548,610	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	345	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	35	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	165	...	...	427,120	...	...	0	...	...
5 rooms	85	...	...	258,680	...	...	0	...	...
6 rooms	40	...	...	235,145	...	...	0	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	206,130	...	...	10	...	...
8 or more rooms	45	...	...	506,150	...	...	15	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.0	...	...	6.4	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	345	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	35	...	...
One person or fewer per room	345	...	...	1,589,600	...	...	35	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	43,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	345	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	35	...	...
Suitable	345	...	...	1,556,960	...	...	30	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	76,260	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	345	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	35	...	...
1960 or before	60	...	...	168,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	95	...	...	428,655	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	50	...	...	188,550	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	224,315	...	...	15	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	152,840	...	...	15	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	168,905	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	161,095	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	125	...	...	139,935	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	345	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	35	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	315	...	...	1,543,795	...	...	35	...	...
Major repairs needed	30	...	...	89,420	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	345	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	35	...	...
One-maintainer household	185	...	...	802,915	...	...	10	...	...
Two-maintainer household	155	...	...	745,175	...	...	0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	85,130	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	345	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	35	...	...
15 to 24 years	20	...	...	51,475	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	55	...	...	260,820	...	...	0	...	...
35 to 44 years	45	...	...	341,390	...	...	15	...	...
45 to 54 years	55	...	...	304,080	...	...	0	...	...
55 to 64 years	55	...	...	311,335	...	...	10	...	...
65 to 74 years	75	...	...	222,825	...	...	0	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	105,505	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	20	...	...	35,775	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	345	...	...	1,588,960	...	...	x	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	230	...	...	1,251,370	...	...	x	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	115	...	...	337,585	...	...	x	...	...
30% to less than 100%	105	...	...	306,355	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	345	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	135	...	...	463,775	...	...	10	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	105	...	...	304,300	...	...	10	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	58,970	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...	61,750	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	11,080	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	21,460	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	5,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	740	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	210	...	...	1,169,450	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	340	...	...	1,557,725	...	...	x	...	...
In core need	45	...	...	154,230	...	...	x	...	...
Not in core need	290	...	...	1,403,495	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	245	...	...	1,131,995	...	...	40	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.1	...	...	64.2	...	...	50.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.5	...	...	16.0	...	...	x	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.2	...	...	5.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,310	...	...	1,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,470	...	...	1,678	...	...	1,600	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	396,000	...	...	400,000	...	...	532,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	396,000	...	...	448,800	...	...	600,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	100	...	...	463,570	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	9.1	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	55.0	...	...	34.0	...	...	x	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.3	...	...	20.7	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,450	...	...	1,280	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,560	...	...	1,332	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	5.5	...	...	x	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	302	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	350	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	625	260	360	4,177,715	2,088,230	2,089,480	175	100	75
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	135,650	66,545	69,110	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	131,200	64,375	66,820	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	101,455	49,465	51,990	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	28,695	14,340	14,355	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	1,050	570	480	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	4,455	2,175	2,285	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	4,090	1,985	2,100	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	160	75	90	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	160	85	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	20	10	10	187,365	90,475	96,890	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	20	10	10	180,640	87,270	93,375	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	102,335	49,695	52,640	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	76,055	36,420	39,640	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,255	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	6,720	3,210	3,515	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	6,150	2,915	3,235	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	205	130	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	600	255	350	3,854,695	1,931,210	1,923,485	175	100	75
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	620	265	360	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	175	100	75
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	595	255	345	3,792,705	1,903,020	1,889,685	165	95	65
Canadian citizens aged under 18	75	40	40	900,670	463,925	436,745	35	25	10
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	520	220	305	2,892,035	1,439,095	1,452,945	125	75	55
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	30	10	15	385,010	185,215	199,795	15	0	10
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	620	265	360	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	175	100	75
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	490	215	275	3,141,915	1,585,765	1,556,150	55	40	15
Immigrants⁸¹	130	45	85	970,970	468,250	502,725	120	65	55
Before 1980	45	20	30	127,275	62,275	65,005	0	0	0
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	91,320	44,550	46,770	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	35	10	25	126,605	60,125	66,480	65	30	40
2001 to 2010	20	0	20	239,260	115,815	123,445	15	15	0
2011 to 2021⁸²	15	0	10	386,510	185,485	201,025	15	0	0
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	193,335	93,675	99,665	15	0	0
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	193,175	91,810	101,360	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	64,830	34,215	30,610	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	130	45	85	970,975	468,250	502,725	120	65	55
Under 5 years	20	10	10	85,135	43,645	41,485	15	0	10
5 to 14 years	30	10	20	169,075	87,630	81,440	20	10	10
15 to 24 years	15	10	10	175,855	81,330	94,525	35	20	15
25 to 44 years	50	15	40	450,070	213,555	236,510	30	15	20
45 years and over	15	0	15	90,845	42,090	48,760	15	10	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	130	45	85	970,975	468,250	502,725	120	65	55
Americas	25	15	0	110,855	51,790	59,065	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	3,800	1,590	2,210	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	10,385	4,855	5,535	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,940	3,340	3,600	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	2,375	1,175	1,205	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	1,370	745	625	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	8,695	4,160	4,530	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	17,990	8,935	9,055	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,905	825	1,075	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	3,360	1,560	1,800	0	0	0
United States of America	10	10	0	30,540	13,490	17,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	23,500	11,110	12,395	0	0	0
Europe	55	15	40	180,590	90,195	90,395	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	4,335	2,155	2,185	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	3,405	1,710	1,700	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	2,720	1,330	1,390	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	0	16,635	8,000	8,635	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	855	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	3,080	1,505	1,580	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	6,990	3,605	3,380	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	12,730	6,680	6,050	0	0	0
Poland	15	0	10	15,595	7,280	8,315	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	3,730	1,895	1,835	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	7,190	3,585	3,605	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,470	3,205	4,260	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	2,220	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	8,915	4,050	4,870	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	0	20	56,675	29,555	27,125	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	26,990	13,535	13,460	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	119,295	60,715	58,580	25	10	15
Algeria	0	0	0	1,220	665	560	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	3,215	1,640	1,575	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	6,760	3,660	3,095	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	9,720	5,230	4,495	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	14,420	7,085	7,340	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	2,130	1,100	1,035	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	21,065	10,925	10,145	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	8,545	4,260	4,285	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	8,960	4,430	4,535	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	43,250	21,720	21,530	0	0	0
Asia	35	15	20	549,965	260,520	289,440	90	55	40
Afghanistan	0	0	0	6,585	3,235	3,350	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	8,865	4,625	4,245	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	6,220	3,225	2,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,960	5,375	4,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	9,975	5,310	4,665	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	2,830	1,575	1,260	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	61,390	27,935	33,455	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	18,725	9,090	9,630	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	0	16,180	7,545	8,635	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	3,395	1,415	1,980	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	167,735	74,205	93,530	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	27,880	12,700	15,180	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	6,035	3,080	2,960	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	122,150	61,405	60,740	45	20	20
Pakistan	0	0	0	30,810	15,690	15,120	25	15	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	4,930	2,490	2,445	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	46,305	21,615	24,690	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	10	10,275	5,030	5,240	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	193,170	91,815	101,360	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	19,300	8,985	10,320	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,365	555	810	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,310	535	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	220	135	85	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	2,130	985	1,145	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	4,165	2,140	2,025	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	5,175	2,460	2,715	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,220	525	695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,715	1,645	2,070	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	15,750	7,955	7,795	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	405	200	200	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	750	310	445	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	1,060	640	425	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	470	285	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	1,090	395	695	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,045	920	1,125	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	3,800	2,170	1,630	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	6,135	3,045	3,090	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	34,320	16,870	17,450	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	155	50	105	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	450	220	230	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	905	385	520	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,190	595	595	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	5,120	2,665	2,450	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	3,960	1,865	2,100	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	510	215	290	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	9,840	4,950	4,890	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	1,960	970	985	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,950	1,025	930	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	1,135	530	605	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	250	150	105	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	5,725	2,680	3,040	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	122,360	57,210	65,145	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,350	655	700	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	9,495	4,095	5,400	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	730	330	395	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	31,815	16,070	15,745	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	1,420	665	750	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	1,305	625	680	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	660	365	295	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	335	50	285	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	455	235	220	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,425	1,440	1,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	955	455	500	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	1,365	670	695	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	4,085	1,950	2,130	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	47,605	21,395	26,215	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	690	360	325	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	740	370	365	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	7,295	3,900	3,400	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	845	405	440	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	375	315	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,760	580	1,180	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	4,205	1,670	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	1,445	785	655	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	940	510	430	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	500	280	220	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	625	265	360	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	175	100	75
First generation¹⁰⁰	140	50	90	1,074,140	522,255	551,885	120	65	60
Second generation¹⁰¹	165	75	95	777,505	391,285	386,215	55	35	20
Third generation or more¹⁰²	320	145	175	2,326,075	1,174,690	1,151,385	0	0	0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	85	25	60	843,700	405,975	437,720	110	60	50
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	65	20	40	471,325	236,805	234,520	50	25	20
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	30	0	25	192,785	116,035	76,755	10	10	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	35	15	20	278,535	120,765	157,765	35	20	20
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10	0	10	240,090	98,410	141,680	60	35	25
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	123,970	66,715	57,255	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	8,315	4,050	4,265	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	85	25	60	843,700	405,975	437,720	110	60	50
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	29,815	17,215	12,595	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	0	0	126,640	57,515	69,125	0	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	0	24,340	12,430	11,910	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	10	47,540	25,735	21,805	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	3,740	1,430	2,305	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	50	15	40	611,625	291,650	319,975	105	55	50
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	625	265	360	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	175	100	75
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	105	30	75	1,161,420	571,535	589,885	175	100	75
South Asian	15	10	10	297,650	152,030	145,620	150	90	60
Chinese	25	15	15	164,235	79,520	84,710	0	0	0
Black	0	0	0	177,940	90,375	87,570	0	0	0
Filipino	10	0	10	216,710	99,540	117,170	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	69,505	36,555	32,955	0	0	0
Latin American	10	0	10	66,520	32,115	34,405	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	54,005	25,215	28,790	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	25,075	12,835	12,240	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	10	24,365	11,600	12,770	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	13,560	6,135	7,425	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0	12,100	5,985	6,120	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	39,745	19,625	20,120	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	520	230	285	3,016,295	1,516,700	1,499,605	0	0	0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	620	265	360	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	175	100	75
Canadian	85	45	40	484,655	251,795	232,860	35	10	25
English	135	45	90	766,070	376,940	389,130	0	0	0
Irish	140	70	75	561,915	270,440	291,470	0	0	0
Scottish	110	55	55	631,015	309,855	321,160	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	70	40	30	340,900	167,270	173,635	0	0	0
German	100	50	55	641,025	317,325	323,705	0	0	0
Chinese	30	10	15	177,990	85,545	92,440	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	0	98,730	49,855	48,875	0	0	0
Indian (India)	15	10	10	155,700	79,060	76,640	70	50	20
Ukrainian	70	30	45	343,640	169,070	174,575	0	0	0
Dutch	60	35	35	174,625	87,015	87,610	0	0	0
Polish	50	25	30	169,925	82,005	87,915	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	5,380	2,810	2,570	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	25	15	10	124,835	63,065	61,770	0	0	0
Filipino	10	0	10	203,955	94,020	109,935	0	0	0
French Canadian	10	0	10	32,365	15,655	16,710	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	10	0	0	73,475	37,700	35,780	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10	0	0	73,355	35,940	37,415	0	0	0
Métis	10	0	0	115,455	55,915	59,535	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	70,790	36,360	34,425	0	0	0
Russian	20	10	10	97,890	46,455	51,435	0	0	0
Norwegian	45	25	25	154,535	74,455	80,085	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	76,810	36,840	39,970	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	21,415	10,745	10,680	0	0	0
American	10	0	10	66,100	32,535	33,560	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	40,165	18,395	21,770	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	92,975	43,950	49,025	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	51,360	25,175	26,185	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	10,110	5,175	4,935	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	39,535	20,140	19,390	40	10	30
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	34,225	17,015	17,210	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	14,405	7,195	7,210	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	37,585	19,270	18,315	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	39,395	18,815	20,580	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	23,860	12,675	11,185	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	13,980	7,290	6,690	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	15,620	7,845	7,775	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	31,255	15,030	16,225	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	62,465	30,145	32,315	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10	24,170	11,505	12,660	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	31,530	14,880	16,650	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	28,480	14,600	13,880	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	10,550	5,380	5,165	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	14,380	7,135	7,240	0	0	0
Danish	20	10	10	56,190	27,550	28,640	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	26,435	12,745	13,695	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	28,860	15,005	13,855	0	0	0
Austrian	15	15	0	36,220	17,895	18,325	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	21,985	10,715	11,270	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	2,460	1,255	1,200	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	20,535	10,485	10,050	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	25,450	12,870	12,580	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	31,565	15,825	15,740	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	22,450	11,045	11,405	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	18,705	9,040	9,665	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	5,140	2,600	2,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	13,720	6,830	6,890	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	18,605	8,565	10,040	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	8,945	4,525	4,420	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	8,305	4,030	4,275	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	25,800	13,080	12,720	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	12,420	6,350	6,065	0	0	0
Egyptian	20	0	15	9,585	5,080	4,505	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	12,105	5,985	6,125	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	3,160	1,645	1,515	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	19,720	9,865	9,850	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	11,115	5,380	5,735	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	2,620	1,375	1,250	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	19,730	9,465	10,260	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	9,520	4,880	4,645	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	3,370	1,715	1,655	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	10,380	5,155	5,225	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	6,880	3,570	3,310	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	7,410	3,655	3,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	4,680	2,280	2,395	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	8,615	4,495	4,125	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	6,715	3,340	3,375	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	3,155	1,505	1,655	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	4,640	2,425	2,215	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	4,595	2,300	2,295	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	6,670	3,725	2,945	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	3,935	2,065	1,870	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	6,525	3,435	3,090	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	1,300	680	620	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	5,000	2,340	2,655	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	14,600	7,585	7,015	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	1,870	930	940	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	0	10,525	5,200	5,320	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	7,430	3,470	3,965	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	16,310	8,160	8,150	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	3,630	1,510	2,120	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	4,725	2,385	2,345	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	7,055	3,475	3,580	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	7,445	3,460	3,980	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	5,800	3,120	2,680	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	3,670	1,735	1,930	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,680	820	860	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,215	995	1,220	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,670	2,635	3,035	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	8,400	4,055	4,345	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	8,395	4,275	4,125	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,425	2,365	2,060	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	7,350	3,765	3,590	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	3,540	1,815	1,725	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	2,590	1,280	1,310	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	13,505	6,620	6,875	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	5,735	2,690	3,045	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	2,670	1,270	1,395	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	8,895	4,535	4,360	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	4,535	2,235	2,295	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	995	550	450	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	3,240	1,810	1,430	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	1,535	800	730	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	925	440	485	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	3,860	1,935	1,925	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	5,220	2,505	2,715	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	1,545	790	760	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,210	2,140	2,070	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	11,010	5,580	5,430	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	2,605	1,305	1,305	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	1,920	995	925	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,965	1,020	950	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	8,235	3,925	4,310	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,490	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	26,600	13,605	12,990	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	4,015	2,025	1,995	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	1,725	835	895	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	3,250	1,665	1,585	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	4,085	1,990	2,095	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	855	440	415	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	3,640	1,890	1,745	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	2,125	985	1,140	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	4,170	2,065	2,100	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,240	2,015	2,220	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	250	110	140	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	2,920	1,450	1,470	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	2,190	1,090	1,095	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	2,205	1,060	1,140	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	2,395	1,185	1,210	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	3,640	1,660	1,985	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,460	1,225	1,235	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	6,045	2,785	3,255	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	2,525	1,205	1,320	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	2,405	1,230	1,175	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	1,940	965	980	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	980	465	515	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	320	190	130	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	2,030	1,030	1,000	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	2,640	1,280	1,365	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	4,155	2,040	2,115	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	2,875	1,445	1,430	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	2,195	1,125	1,070	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	1,285	650	635	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,535	1,240	2,295	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	1,005	525	480	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5,140	2,655	2,485	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	225	125	95	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	690	345	350	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5,245	2,750	2,495	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	2,310	1,120	1,190	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	4,220	2,020	2,200	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	11,115	5,290	5,830	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	2,070	1,065	1,005	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,360	645	710	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	3,175	1,630	1,545	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	5,225	2,690	2,530	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	320	155	165	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,180	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	2,640	1,205	1,435	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5,360	2,660	2,705	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	965	470	490	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	240	140	105	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	4,150	1,935	2,210	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	2,200	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	80	55	25	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	495	330	165	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	2,715	1,400	1,315	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	685	330	360	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	1,990	910	1,075	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	550	240	315	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	1,155	575	580	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	5,075	2,745	2,325	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,780	895	880	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	985	450	540	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	2,710	1,315	1,395	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	445	200	250	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	1,175	575	600	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	1,595	845	750	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	665	305	355	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	1,605	860	745	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	600	245	355	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	1,705	900	800	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	255	140	115	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	1,220	590	630	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,405	710	695	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	905	395	515	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	2,075	1,030	1,040	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	310	150	155	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	1,530	740	785	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	520	250	265	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	380	215	155	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	975	500	475	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	1,370	715	650	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	1,785	855	925	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	565	295	270	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	865	440	435	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	850	455	395	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	2,825	1,300	1,530	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	1,115	535	580	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,690	805	885	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	340	185	160	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	250	135	110	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	3,745	2,025	1,715	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	1,500	775	725	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	1,160	565	595	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	1,010	620	395	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	475	235	240	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	840	400	445	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	735	410	330	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	2,535	1,145	1,395	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	2,295	1,120	1,180	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	370	190	185	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	535	235	300	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	585	280	310	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	320	160	165	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	580	310	270	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	655	305	350	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	595	290	305	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	225	120	105	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	1,195	575	620	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	780	340	440	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	1,120	560	560	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	1,145	625	525	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	370	185	190	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	1,755	925	825	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	310	125	185	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	625	260	360	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	175	100	75
Buddhist	0	0	0	42,830	19,140	23,690	0	0	0
Christian	295	120	175	2,009,820	952,440	1,057,385	35	20	20
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	65	30	40	429,375	207,320	222,055	0	0	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	20,035	10,075	9,960	0	0	0
Anglican	15	0	15	95,560	43,925	51,635	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	44,605	20,650	23,955	0	0	0
Catholic	115	55	65	833,025	399,750	433,275	0	0	0
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	63,775	30,995	32,775	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	18,185	7,955	10,235	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	47,125	22,540	24,580	0	0	0
Lutheran	10	10	0	78,925	36,470	42,455	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	9,640	4,400	5,240	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	53,900	25,250	28,655	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	22,850	10,360	12,495	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	14,735	7,310	7,430	0	0	0
United Church	55	15	40	153,820	67,205	86,615	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	15	0	10	124,265	58,235	66,030	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	78,520	40,435	38,085	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	11,390	5,475	5,915	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	202,535	103,635	98,900	75	35	40
Sikh	0	0	0	103,600	52,505	51,100	65	45	20
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	19,755	9,640	10,120	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	33,220	14,325	18,905	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	320	145	175	1,676,045	890,645	785,400	0	0	0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	620	255	360	4,131,540	2,064,715	2,066,825	170	95	75
Non-movers	425	195	230	3,583,005	1,793,310	1,789,695	160	90	75
Movers	195	65	130	548,535	271,400	277,130	10	0	0
Non-migrants	185	65	120	367,325	182,230	185,100	0	0	0
Migrants	10	0	10	181,205	89,170	92,035	0	0	0
Internal migrants	10	0	10	152,655	75,275	77,380	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	107,180	52,880	54,295	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	45,475	22,390	23,090	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	28,555	13,900	14,650	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	610	255	360	3,930,000	1,961,005	1,969,000	170	90	75
Non-movers	270	130	145	2,314,250	1,158,665	1,155,590	140	75	60
Movers	345	125	220	1,615,755	802,340	813,415	30	15	10
Non-migrants	290	105	180	854,765	427,660	427,105	25	15	10
Migrants	55	20	35	760,990	374,680	386,305	0	0	0
Internal migrants	55	20	35	596,980	295,120	301,860	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	50	10	35	431,785	213,950	217,830	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	165,195	81,160	84,035	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	164,015	79,565	84,445	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	565	230	330	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	150	80	70
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	90	50	40	595,665	322,765	272,900	15	15	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	470	180	290	2,779,465	1,353,090	1,426,375	130	70	60
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	360	155	205	2,298,165	1,141,780	1,156,380	95	50	50
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	35	20	15	274,480	156,485	117,990	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	325	135	190	2,023,680	985,290	1,038,390	90	45	40
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	560	235	330	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,275	150	80	70
No certificate, diploma or degree	75	50	25	522,835	275,555	247,275	20	10	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	100	40	65	972,110	482,900	489,215	50	30	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	380	150	235	1,880,185	917,400	962,790	80	45	35
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	190	80	110	1,014,810	524,770	490,045	25	15	10
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	40	30	10	295,285	232,120	63,165	10	0	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	10	0	87,195	51,295	35,900	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	15	0	208,090	180,830	27,260	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	115	50	65	612,690	250,540	362,145	20	15	0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	0	35	106,840	42,105	64,735	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	195	70	130	865,370	392,625	472,745	55	30	25
Bachelor's degree	140	50	90	605,025	265,105	339,925	45	25	20
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	0	44,915	19,815	25,100	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	23,880	12,100	11,775	0	0	0
Master's degree	40	0	35	164,245	79,220	85,025	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	27,315	16,385	10,920	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	360	160	205	2,298,160	1,141,780	1,156,385	100	50	45
No certificate, diploma or degree	35	20	10	227,880	126,960	100,920	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	50	20	30	581,820	298,415	283,405	20	10	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	280	110	165	1,488,465	716,410	772,060	65	35	35
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	125	55	75	774,420	401,065	373,355	20	15	0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15	10	0	220,930	175,185	45,745	0	0	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	10	0	61,815	37,400	24,415	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	159,110	137,785	21,330	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	85	40	50	472,155	193,510	278,645	20	15	0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	0	25	81,335	32,370	48,965	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	155	60	95	714,040	315,340	398,700	50	20	25
Bachelor's degree	115	55	65	497,885	213,625	284,260	40	20	25
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	35,125	15,110	20,020	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	20,045	9,435	10,615	0	0	0
Master's degree	30	0	30	139,935	65,290	74,645	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	21,050	11,880	9,165	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	560	235	325	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	150	80	70
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	180	85	95	1,494,945	758,460	736,490	70	40	30
Education	30	10	15	129,710	30,305	99,400	0	0	0
13. Education	30	10	15	129,710	30,305	99,400	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	49,820	20,045	29,775	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	5,805	4,125	1,675	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	44,015	15,915	28,100	0	0	0
Humanities	25	0	20	75,030	29,415	45,615	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	7,385	1,545	5,845	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	15,425	4,255	11,170	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	24,015	8,710	15,315	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,165	400	760	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,555	3,090	2,465	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	11,680	6,855	4,830	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	8,065	4,165	3,895	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	1,735	400	1,335	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	50	15	35	177,435	57,365	120,070	15	0	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,750	620	2,130	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	21,730	8,340	13,395	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	10	29,220	2,090	27,125	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	31,215	10,250	20,965	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	3,045	1,025	2,015	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	0	31,925	7,565	24,355	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	20	0	15	57,565	27,475	30,085	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	90	25	65	390,110	151,140	238,975	10	0	10
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	615	160	455	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	23,375	4,465	18,910	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	80	25	55	366,120	146,520	219,605	10	0	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	0	10	80,425	40,180	40,245	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	0	10	29,505	11,950	17,555	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	18,630	8,340	10,295	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,115	400	715	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	26,315	17,555	8,760	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	4,860	1,930	2,930	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	71,380	45,230	26,150	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	58,030	39,530	18,500	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	4,400	600	3,800	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,770	4,330	3,435	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,190	765	420	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	80	60	20	461,075	411,075	49,995	15	15	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	12,095	7,465	4,625	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	10	10	114,735	92,365	22,370	15	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30	15	10	106,575	91,350	15,225	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	95,890	92,650	3,240	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	82,805	80,150	2,655	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	48,925	47,075	1,850	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	51,710	28,660	23,055	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	35,010	19,075	15,935	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	16,700	9,575	7,120	0	0	0
Health and related fields	55	15	45	295,415	56,225	239,190	0	0	0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	20,505	9,625	10,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	45	10	40	267,750	42,785	224,965	0	0	0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	475	180	295	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	6,680	3,635	3,050	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	10	15	97,660	47,575	50,075	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	0	0	57,430	15,580	41,845	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	365	335	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	705	605	100	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	0	19,025	12,445	6,580	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	20,125	18,615	1,520	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	420	190	235	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	365	155	205	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	95	50	50
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	80	40	40	809,700	425,375	384,325	25	15	15
Education	20	10	10	92,240	19,980	72,255	0	0	0
13. Education	20	10	10	92,240	19,980	72,255	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	39,730	15,620	24,110	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	4,065	2,750	1,315	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	35,665	12,875	22,790	0	0	0
Humanities	15	0	15	58,200	22,205	35,990	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	5,945	1,210	4,740	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	12,145	3,310	8,825	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	19,305	6,800	12,500	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	890	295	590	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	4,385	2,430	1,950	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	8,135	4,740	3,395	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,205	3,160	3,040	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	1,190	250	940	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	10	30	146,530	45,555	100,975	10	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,315	515	1,800	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	18,890	6,940	11,950	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	23,325	1,630	21,690	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	25,940	7,730	18,210	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,545	825	1,715	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	0	25,775	5,750	20,025	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	20	0	20	47,735	22,165	25,570	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	75	20	55	317,125	121,510	195,615	10	0	10
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	450	135	315	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	18,680	3,200	15,480	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	70	20	50	297,995	118,175	179,820	10	0	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	61,555	29,465	32,090	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	23,290	9,185	14,105	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	14,260	6,255	8,010	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	900	315	580	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	19,655	12,320	7,335	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	3,445	1,385	2,055	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	61,125	39,035	22,085	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	51,435	34,910	16,530	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,945	460	2,490	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,775	3,080	2,700	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	965	590	370	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	60	45	15	362,315	318,170	44,135	20	20	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	9,600	5,585	4,020	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	10	10	95,200	75,075	20,125	15	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	20	15	0	84,485	71,240	13,245	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	73,955	71,080	2,875	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	61,780	59,485	2,290	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	37,260	35,705	1,555	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	40,085	20,610	19,475	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	26,160	12,965	13,205	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	13,925	7,650	6,275	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	10	15	232,820	45,895	186,920	0	0	0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	16,345	7,640	8,705	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	0	15	210,650	35,325	175,320	0	0	0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	400	145	255	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,430	2,785	2,645	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	0	15	76,410	38,205	38,205	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	43,535	12,080	31,455	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	300	275	25	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	445	390	55	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	0	15,885	10,385	5,505	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	16,245	15,080	1,165	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	365	155	205	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	95	50	50
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	80	40	40	809,700	425,375	384,325	25	15	15
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	275	115	165	1,488,465	716,405	772,060	70	35	30
Location of study inside Canada	245	115	130	1,157,790	563,035	594,750	35	20	10
Same as province or territory of residence	205	85	115	886,080	429,870	456,210	35	20	10
Different than province or territory of residence	40	25	15	271,710	133,165	138,545	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	35	0	35	330,675	153,370	177,305	35	15	20
Americas	10	0	10	54,515	26,775	27,740	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	34,460	17,900	16,555	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	4,820	2,255	2,565	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	625	300	320	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	190	125	65	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	1,470	665	805	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	2,480	1,000	1,475	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,200	1,335	1,865	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	640	220	420	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	2,395	995	1,400	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,235	1,975	2,265	0	0	0
Europe	10	0	10	54,920	28,570	26,350	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	510	320	190	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	2,005	1,045	960	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	3,195	1,670	1,520	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	2,110	1,215	890	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	945	515	435	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	645	310	335	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	980	445	540	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	3,150	1,350	1,805	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	2,790	1,455	1,335	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	3,450	1,515	1,935	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	4,305	1,940	2,365	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	1,865	1,115	750	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	20,280	11,190	9,090	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	730	375	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	660	360	300	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	755	365	390	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	6,550	3,385	3,165	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	26,775	13,770	13,005	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	7,795	3,825	3,970	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	670	345	325	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	1,085	615	475	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	505	305	200	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,230	1,665	1,565	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	3,660	1,885	1,770	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	9,830	5,130	4,700	0	0	0
Asia	10	0	10	188,060	80,750	107,315	35	15	20
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,440	1,605	1,835	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	1,435	730	705	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	655	350	305	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,500	695	805	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	1,370	700	660	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	895	540	360	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	17,320	7,525	9,795	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	960	245	715	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	1,245	425	820	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,935	530	1,405	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	6,990	2,990	4,000	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	74,205	29,080	45,130	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,500	545	955	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,470	990	1,490	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	1,280	685	595	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	52,120	24,905	27,215	15	10	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	10,355	4,710	5,645	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	8,390	3,510	4,885	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	6,410	3,505	2,905	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	4,880	2,560	2,320	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	1,105	680	425	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	425	265	160	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	560	235	330	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,280	150	80	70
In the labour force	395	170	225	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,425	85	50	35
Employed	335	140	200	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,135	75	40	30
Unemployed	55	30	25	264,650	138,365	126,290	10	10	0
Not in the labour force	170	60	100	1,079,750	459,900	619,845	65	30	35
Participation rate	70.5	72.3	68.2	68.0	72.6	63.5	56.7	62.5	50.0
Employment rate	59.8	59.6	60.6	60.2	64.3	56.1	50.0	50.0	42.9
Unemployment rate	13.9	17.6	11.1	11.5	11.4	11.7	11.8	20.0	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	560	235	325	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	150	80	70
Did not work¹⁸⁶	190	75	115	1,140,745	497,150	643,595	60	15	40
Worked	370	155	215	2,234,385	1,178,705	1,055,680	90	60	30
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	200	90	115	1,164,455	670,620	493,835	35	20	15
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	170	70	100	1,069,930	508,085	561,840	60	40	15
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	40.8	43.8	40.8	41.5	39.9	31.2	28.8	36.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	395	170	225	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	85	50	35
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	20	70,455	34,850	35,605	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	370	165	210	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	80	50	30
Employee	295	125	175	1,876,950	967,450	909,500	55	35	20
Permanent position	260	105	155	1,560,435	814,805	745,625	35	25	10
Temporary position	40	15	15	316,520	152,640	163,880	15	10	10
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	0	15	97,610	44,060	53,555	0	0	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	20	15	0	218,905	108,585	110,320	10	0	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	70	40	35	347,975	213,655	134,320	30	20	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	395	170	225	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	85	50	35
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	20	70,455	34,850	35,605	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	370	165	210	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	80	50	30
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	23,120	16,455	6,665	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	70	10	60	373,795	110,275	263,520	15	0	0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	50	25	30	182,880	140,540	42,340	0	0	0
3 Health occupations	50	15	35	182,480	34,585	147,895	0	0	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45	15	30	246,625	82,115	164,510	10	0	10
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	25	20	0	51,815	21,140	30,675	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	75	40	40	538,930	232,640	306,285	10	10	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	35	30	0	441,955	399,605	42,345	25	15	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10	10	0	99,430	77,250	22,180	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	83,895	66,480	17,415	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	395	170	225	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	85	50	35
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	20	70,455	34,850	35,605	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	370	165	210	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	80	50	30
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	63,965	42,305	21,665	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	0	0	112,890	88,690	24,200	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	22,630	15,900	6,735	0	0	0
23 Construction	20	20	0	210,350	177,845	32,505	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	15	0	10	118,890	88,735	30,155	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	20	10	10	71,580	50,655	20,930	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	45	15	25	253,030	117,605	135,425	15	10	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	10	0	128,410	96,000	32,410	15	15	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	28,680	16,625	12,055	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	10	0	10	68,355	27,225	41,135	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	0	10	39,400	21,625	17,775	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	75	30	40	177,895	99,055	78,840	0	0	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	4,420	2,075	2,345	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	91,750	51,325	40,430	0	0	0
61 Educational services	45	10	25	149,170	43,775	105,400	0	0	0
62 Health care and social assistance	55	15	45	285,090	51,930	233,155	25	10	15
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20	10	0	42,685	20,880	21,805	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	10	10	0	132,930	57,280	75,650	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	104,530	50,355	54,175	0	0	0
91 Public administration	20	10	10	118,270	61,230	57,040	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	405	175	225	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	105	70	30
English	405	175	225	2,319,940	1,223,960	1,095,975	85	55	30
French	0	0	0	3,840	1,145	2,695	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	14,015	7,470	6,545	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	245	140	105	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	13,770	7,330	6,440	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	20,015	8,200	11,815	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	61,830	31,865	29,965	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	45	15	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,550	765	785	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	885	475	410	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	405	175	225	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	105	70	30
Single responses	405	175	225	2,407,485	1,266,360	1,141,120	105	70	30
Official languages	405	175	225	2,381,515	1,252,385	1,129,135	100	70	30
English	405	175	225	2,374,615	1,250,455	1,124,165	100	70	30
French	0	0	0	6,900	1,930	4,970	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	25,965	13,980	11,990	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	765	425	340	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	695	400	300	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	630	355	280	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	630	355	280	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	520	295	220	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	25,200	13,555	11,650	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,025	535	495	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	135	60	80	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	850	450	400	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	100	50	60	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	600	315	280	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,305	500	805	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,275	480	795	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	1,160	540	620	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,065	490	570	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	12,180	7,175	5,010	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	780	300	480	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	780	300	480	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	305	100	200	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	55	35	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,025	1,985	1,045	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,555	970	580	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,540	965	575	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,445	995	455	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	85	50	30	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	330	245	80	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,025	695	330	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5,660	3,440	2,220	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5,435	3,340	2,100	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	280	150	135	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	70	20	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	4,630	2,975	1,655	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	285	125	160	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	210	95	110	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	2,660	1,415	1,245	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	125	75	50	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	75	45	35	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,420	1,275	1,145	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	205	70	135	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	1,250	630	620	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	170	80	85	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	7,340	3,725	3,615	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,605	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	3,105	1,570	1,535	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	4,145	2,095	2,050	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	30	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	170	65	100	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	150	55	90	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	145	115	30	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	145	115	30	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	45	30	15	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	14,630	7,530	7,100	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	2,560	1,105	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,695	6,245	5,440	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	145	65	75	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	190	90	105	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	405	175	225	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	105	70	30
None	405	175	225	2,350,940	1,239,355	1,111,590	85	60	30
English	0	0	0	13,200	6,355	6,840	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	14,630	6,410	8,215	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	36,335	18,310	18,025	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	2,125	865	1,255	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	34,210	17,445	16,765	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,080	540	540	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,125	565	560	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	4,760	2,335	2,420	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	340	140	200	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,140	75	45	30
Worked at home	125	35	90	446,315	211,420	234,900	0	0	0
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	5,430	4,105	1,330	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	40	20	20	319,675	242,835	76,845	20	15	0
Usual place of work	175	80	90	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	40	20	25
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	175	80	90	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	40	20	20
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	165	70	90	902,040	419,240	482,800	35	15	20
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	10	0	292,360	157,820	134,535	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	52,590	34,120	18,470	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	12,315	8,060	4,260	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	215	105	110	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	60	35	25
Car, truck or van	200	100	100	1,378,685	765,905	612,775	50	30	25
Car, truck or van - as a driver	185	85	100	1,287,940	730,925	557,015	45	30	20
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	10	0	90,740	34,980	55,760	0	0	0
Public transit	0	0	0	88,255	39,915	48,345	0	0	0
Walked	0	0	0	62,810	27,445	35,360	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	11,370	7,975	3,395	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	37,865	20,820	17,040	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	215	105	110	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	60	35	25
Less than 15 minutes	55	20	30	487,710	225,360	262,355	10	0	0
15 to 29 minutes	100	50	45	610,485	333,105	277,385	35	25	15
30 to 44 minutes	60	20	35	302,735	184,370	118,365	0	0	0
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	87,230	55,475	31,755	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	10	10	0	90,815	63,765	27,050	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	215	105	110	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	60	35	25
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	0	10	116,400	88,060	28,340	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	35	25	10	296,930	194,765	102,165	20	10	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	35	20	10	424,170	228,535	195,630	0	0	0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	60	25	40	299,145	134,910	164,240	10	0	0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35	10	20	195,835	83,185	112,655	15	10	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35	15	20	246,495	132,620	113,880	20	15	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	90	35	50	971,390	499,245	472,145	35	15	20
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	67,140	34,000	33,140	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80	35	45	904,245	465,240	439,005	35	15	20
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	60	25	40	704,490	362,400	342,090	25	15	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	49,735	25,180	24,555	0	0	0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	24,675	12,010	12,665	0	0	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	25,055	13,170	11,890	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60	25	35	654,755	337,220	317,530	25	15	15

Symbol legend

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not applicable
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suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 13, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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