Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48062539More information: Alberta [Dissemination area]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	5,281	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	1,573	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	1,537	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,183.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1.66	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	5,280	2,595	2,685
0 to 14 years	1,265	635	630
0 to 4 years	285	145	135
5 to 9 years	470	240	230
10 to 14 years	515	250	265
15 to 64 years	3,550	1,745	1,800
15 to 19 years	380	195	190
20 to 24 years	300	160	145
25 to 29 years	215	105	110
30 to 34 years	290	135	155
35 to 39 years	465	210	255
40 to 44 years	485	230	255
45 to 49 years	510	245	265
50 to 54 years	405	205	200
55 to 59 years	300	160	140
60 to 64 years	200	100	100
65 years and over	465	210	250
65 to 69 years	185	90	95
70 to 74 years	155	65	85
75 to 79 years	60	30	30
80 to 84 years	35	15	20
85 years and over	35	15	20
85 to 89 years	20	10	15
90 to 94 years	15	5	5
95 to 99 years	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24.0	24.5	23.5
15 to 64 years	67.2	67.2	67.0
65 years and over	8.8	8.1	9.3
85 years and over	0.7	0.6	0.7
Average age of the population	35.3	35.0	35.6
Median age of the population	37.2	37.2	37.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	1,535	...	...
Single-detached house	1,170	...	...
Semi-detached house	195	...	...
Row house	165	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	1,535	...	...
1 person	155	...	...
2 persons	320	...	...
3 persons	305	...	...
4 persons	415	...	...
5 or more persons	345	...	...
Number of persons in private households	5,280	2,595	2,685
Average household size	3.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	4,015	1,960	2,050
Married or living common-law	2,685	1,345	1,345
Married	2,510	1,255	1,260
Living common-law	175	85	90
Living common law - Never married	120	65	55
Living common law - Separated	10	0	5
Living common law - Divorced	45	15	25
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	1,325	620	705
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,040	540	500
Not married and not living common law - Separated	55	20	35
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	115	45	70
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	120	10	105
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	1,445	...	...
2 persons	420	...	...
3 persons	335	...	...
4 persons	465	...	...
5 or more persons	220	...	...
Average size of census families	3.4	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	1,445	...	...
Total couple families	1,315	...	...
Married couples	1,225	...	...
With children⁶	915	...	...
Without children	310	...	...
Common-law couples	85	...	...
With children⁶	50	...	...
Without children	35	...	...
Total one-parent families	130	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	105	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	30	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	5,275	2,595	2,685
Total - Persons in census families	4,865	2,420	2,445
Married spouses or common-law partners	2,625	1,315	1,315
Parents in one-parent families	135	25	105
Children⁶	2,110	1,080	1,025
In a two-parent family	1,905	975	930
In a one-parent family	200	105	95
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	415	175	235
Living alone	155	75	80
Living with other relatives⁷	160	40	115
Living with non-relatives only	100	55	40
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	1,540	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	1,110	...	...
Couple-family households	1,020	...	...
With children⁶	790	...	...
Without children	235	...	...
One-parent-family households	90	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	155	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	15	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	55	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	40	...	...
One-person households	155	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	4,015	1,960	2,050
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,790	1,860	1,930
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	52,400	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,790	1,860	1,930
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,400	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,430	1,725	1,705
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	52,000	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,965	1,525	1,440
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	55,200	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,265	1,555	1,715
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	4,000	7,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	415	185	235
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,330	640	695
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	9,400	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	4,160	2,040	2,130
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,935	1,935	2,005
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,050	72,000	50,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,935	1,935	2,005
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,520	58,050	43,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,605	1,790	1,810
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,000	70,700	45,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,060	1,565	1,490
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,550	69,500	47,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,490	1,680	1,810
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,010	7,530	10,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	415	150	265
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,040	7,300	6,950
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,475	725	755
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,270	8,600	9,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	4,160	2,035	2,125
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,455	880	580
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	78,000	85,000	67,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	90,100	96,800	80,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,240	560	685
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	17,600	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,600	38,800	27,550
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.0	91.0	81.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.4	78.2	69.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.1	9.1	18.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	4.8	8.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.7	4.5	7.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	4,010	1,960	2,055
Without total income	220	100	120
With total income	3,790	1,855	1,930
Under $10,000 (including loss)	425	185	240
$10,000 to $19,999	450	195	255
$20,000 to $29,999	510	230	280
$30,000 to $39,999	410	150	265
$40,000 to $49,999	335	145	195
$50,000 to $59,999	265	115	145
$60,000 to $69,999	225	115	110
$70,000 to $79,999	180	95	85
$80,000 to $89,999	175	105	65
$90,000 to $99,999	140	85	60
$100,000 and over	670	440	225
$100,000 to $149,999	405	255	150
$150,000 and over	265	190	80
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	4,010	1,960	2,055
Without after-tax income	220	100	120
With after-tax income	3,790	1,855	1,930
Under $10,000 (including loss)	435	190	245
$10,000 to $19,999	460	200	260
$20,000 to $29,999	580	255	320
$30,000 to $39,999	460	170	285
$40,000 to $49,999	385	165	225
$50,000 to $59,999	320	160	155
$60,000 to $69,999	220	120	100
$70,000 to $79,999	230	140	90
$80,000 to $89,999	170	90	85
$90,000 to $99,999	130	75	50
$100,000 and over	405	290	115
$100,000 to $124,999	185	130	50
$125,000 and over	220	160	65
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	4,010	1,960	2,055
Without employment income	1,045	430	615
With employment income	2,965	1,525	1,435
Under $5,000 (including loss)	385	180	205
$5,000 to $9,999	260	115	150
$10,000 to $19,999	330	145	190
$20,000 to $29,999	215	90	125
$30,000 to $39,999	210	90	120
$40,000 to $49,999	225	110	120
$50,000 to $59,999	170	80	90
$60,000 to $69,999	165	90	80
$70,000 to $79,999	165	85	80
$80,000 to $89,999	145	90	50
$90,000 to $99,999	120	70	50
$100,000 and over	580	385	190
$100,000 to $124,999	235	135	100
$125,000 and over	345	250	95
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	4,015	1,960	2,050
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,655	1,785	1,875
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	53,600	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,655	1,785	1,875
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	47,600	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,365	1,680	1,685
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	56,000	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,940	1,485	1,455
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	60,800	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,065	1,465	1,605
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,010	890	1,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	215	90	125
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,750	5,480	8,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	4,160	2,040	2,130
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,865	1,890	1,975
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,750	69,300	46,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,865	1,890	1,975
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	55,600	39,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,595	1,785	1,805
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,000	70,400	45,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,075	1,560	1,515
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,050	71,300	48,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,255	1,560	1,695
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,640	3,368	5,805
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	245	105	145
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	7,000	8,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	4,160	2,035	2,125
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,430	860	570
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	78,000	81,000	64,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	86,800	95,200	74,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,185	520	665
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	26,600	23,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,500	48,600	35,900
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.2	96.0	89.4
Employment income (%)	82.6	84.8	79.6
Government transfers (%)	6.8	4.0	10.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.6	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	1,535	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	155	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	1,380	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	1,540	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	156,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	129,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	105	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	1,430	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	162,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	1,535	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	55	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	80	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	55	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	60	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	105	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,015	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	220	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	180	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	270	...	...
$200,000 and over	350	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	1,535	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	40	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	85	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	90	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	75	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	115	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	105	...	...
$100,000 and over	885	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	245	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	185	...	...
$150,000 and over	450	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	1,360	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	240	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	970	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	115	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	250	135	120
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,000	60,000	47,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200	50,800	42,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	1,410	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	250	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	990	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	186,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	135	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	235	120	110
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	66,000	84,000	47,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,400	63,000	40,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	5,280	2,595	2,685
0 to 17 years	1,520	755	760
0 to 5 years	355	180	175
18 to 64 years	3,300	1,630	1,670
65 years and over	465	210	250
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	340	180	160
0 to 17 years	110	60	55
0 to 5 years	40	20	20
18 to 64 years	185	100	85
65 years and over	45	20	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.4	6.8	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	7.4	7.8	7.0
0 to 5 years (%)	11.6	13.0	10.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	6.0	5.2
65 years and over (%)	8.8	9.0	8.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	5,275	2,595	2,685
0 to 17 years	1,515	760	760
0 to 5 years	360	180	180
18 to 64 years	3,295	1,625	1,670
65 years and over	465	210	255
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	205	105	100
0 to 17 years	65	30	30
0 to 5 years	20	10	10
18 to 64 years	125	65	60
65 years and over	15	10	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.9	4.1	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.2	4.0	4.4
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	6.0	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	4.2	3.5
65 years and over (%)	3.6	4.0	4.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	5,280	2,595	2,685
In bottom half of the distribution	1,875	915	965
In bottom decile	265	135	130
In second decile	370	180	190
In third decile	340	160	180
In fourth decile	420	195	220
In fifth decile	475	240	240
In top half of the distribution	3,405	1,685	1,725
In sixth decile	540	265	275
In seventh decile	520	245	270
In eighth decile	640	310	325
In ninth decile	800	400	405
In top decile	910	460	455
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	5,275	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.319	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.400	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	5,280	2,595	2,680
English only	4,760	2,380	2,380
French only	0	0	0
English and French	205	85	120
Neither English nor French	310	125	185
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	5,280	2,595	2,680
English	4,905	2,445	2,465
French	35	20	15
English and French	30	10	20
Neither English nor French	305	125	185
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	5,280	2,595	2,680
Single responses	4,840	2,375	2,465
Official languages	2,265	1,140	1,125
English	2,240	1,125	1,115
French	25	15	5
Non-official languages	2,575	1,235	1,340
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,575	1,235	1,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	55	65
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	55	55
Amharic	10	5	10
Arabic	95	50	45
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	40	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	80	40	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	155	80	75
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	10	5
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	120	60	65
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Creole languages	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	65	35	30
Kannada	15	10	10
Malayalam	20	10	10
Tamil	10	5	5
Telugu	15	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	800	385	415
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	20	25
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	45	20	25
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	5	5
Russian	20	10	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	0
German	5	5	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	590	295	295
Indo-Aryan languages	520	260	260
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	35	10	25
Gujarati	40	15	25
Hindi	45	25	20
Kacchi	5	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5
Nepali	20	10	15
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	210	105	100
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	155	80	70
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	75	40	35
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	20	10	10
Persian languages	55	30	25
Dari	40	20	20
Iranian Persian	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	155	65	85
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	20
Portuguese	10	5	5
Romanian	5	0	0
Spanish	105	45	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	5
Korean	45	20	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	5
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	5	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,250	595	655
Chinese languages	1,250	595	655
Hakka	0	5	0
Mandarin	485	230	255
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	725	340	385
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	445	220	220
English and French	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	380	195	185
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	5,280	2,595	2,680
English	2,300	1,155	1,145
French	5	0	5
Non-official language	890	410	475
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	890	410	475
English and French	30	20	15
English and non-official language(s)	1,900	935	960
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	120	55	60
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	5,280	2,595	2,680
Single responses	4,760	2,335	2,425
Official languages	3,080	1,545	1,535
English	3,060	1,540	1,525
French	20	10	10
Non-official languages	1,680	785	890
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,680	785	890
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	35	40
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	35	35
Amharic	5	0	5
Arabic	65	35	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	20	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	80	40	40
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	40	40
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15
Kannada	5	5	5
Malayalam	10	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	10	0	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	485	225	260
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0
Russian	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	360	170	190
Indo-Aryan languages	315	150	170
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	5	10
Gujarati	20	10	10
Hindi	30	15	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5
Nepali	15	5	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	60	65
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	90	45	50
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	40	20	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	5
Persian languages	30	15	20
Dari	25	10	10
Iranian Persian	5	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	50	55
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	15	5	10
Portuguese	5	5	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	90	40	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	5
Korean	40	20	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	905	425	485
Chinese languages	905	425	485
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	385	185	205
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5
Yue (Cantonese)	495	225	265
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	525	265	255
English and French	5	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	505	255	245
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	5,280	2,595	2,685
None	3,655	1,795	1,855
English	580	275	305
French	25	10	10
Non-official language	800	410	390
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	800	410	390
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	115	60	55
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	85	35	45
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	5,465	2,640	2,825
Official languages	5,160	2,525	2,635
English	5,160	2,525	2,635
French	180	70	110
Non-official languages	3,560	1,705	1,855
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,560	1,705	1,855
Afro-Asiatic languages	245	120	120
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	220	115	105
Amharic	20	0	15
Arabic	180	105	75
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	30	10	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	185	85	105
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	185	85	105
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	235	120	115
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	235	115	115
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	120	65	55
Kannada	55	25	35
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	30	20	10
Telugu	45	25	15
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,250	600	650
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	15	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	55	15	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	25	15	10
Russian	15	0	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	20	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	25	10	15
German	25	10	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	935	460	475
Indo-Aryan languages	880	430	450
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	75	25	45
Gujarati	80	40	40
Hindi	345	155	190
Kacchi	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	385	200	190
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	15	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	300	165	135
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	60	30	30
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	50	25	25
Dari	50	25	25
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	250	115	140
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	55	30	25
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	200	85	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	10
Korean	50	20	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	170	80	90
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	30	10	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	105	55	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	10	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,425	665	755
Chinese languages	1,425	665	755
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	755	350	400
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	820	390	430
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	5,465	2,640	2,825
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	45	25	20
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	40	25	20
First Nations (North American Indian)	10	10	0
Métis	30	15	10
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	5,420	2,610	2,810
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	5,465	2,640	2,825
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	5,465	2,640	2,825
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	1,540	...	...
Owner	1,300	...	...
Renter	235	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	1,540	...	...
Condominium	180	...	...
Not condominium	1,360	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	1,540	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...
1 bedroom	10	...	...
2 bedrooms	125	...	...
3 bedrooms	730	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	670	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	1,540	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	230	...	...
5 rooms	310	...	...
6 rooms	275	...	...
7 rooms	180	...	...
8 or more rooms	550	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	1,540	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,480	...	...
More than one person per room	55	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	1,540	...	...
Suitable	1,450	...	...
Not suitable	90	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	1,540	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	20	...	...
2001 to 2005	140	...	...
2006 to 2010	590	...	...
2011 to 2015	755	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	1,540	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,525	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	1,540	...	...
One-maintainer household	555	...	...
Two-maintainer household	860	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	120	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	1,540	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	165	...	...
35 to 44 years	455	...	...
45 to 54 years	470	...	...
55 to 64 years	290	...	...
65 to 74 years	130	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,535	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,195	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	340	...	...
30% to less than 100%	290	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	1,540	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	425	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	325	...	...
Not suitable only	80	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	1,110	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	1,490	...	...
In core need	100	...	...
Not in core need	1,385	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,305	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	76.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,200	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	580,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	606,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	235	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	5,460	2,640	2,825
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	10	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	10	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	50	30	20
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	50	30	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	20	10
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	5,405	2,605	2,800
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	5,465	2,640	2,825
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	4,825	2,360	2,470
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,475	680	790
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,355	1,675	1,680
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	635	285	355
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	5,465	2,640	2,825
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	2,580	1,270	1,310
Immigrants⁸¹	2,860	1,350	1,510
Before 1980	120	60	60
1980 to 1990	390	205	190
1991 to 2000	505	225	275
2001 to 2010	965	470	495
2011 to 2021⁸²	875	390	485
2011 to 2015	565	235	330
2016 to 2021	315	155	155
Non-permanent residents⁸³	25	20	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,860	1,350	1,510
Under 5 years	190	85	105
5 to 14 years	470	280	195
15 to 24 years	455	165	290
25 to 44 years	1,480	700	775
45 years and over	265	120	145
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,860	1,350	1,510
Americas	205	90	115
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	50	25	25
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	20	10	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	0	10
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	40	10	30
Other places of birth in Americas	65	30	30
Europe	90	50	40
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	15	10	0
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	20	10	10
Netherlands	10	0	0
Poland	15	10	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0
Africa	370	185	190
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	55	25	25
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	20	10	10
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	175	80	95
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	105	60	40
Asia	2,185	1,025	1,165
Afghanistan	35	20	20
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	710	315	395
Hong Kong⁹¹	170	75	95
Korea, South⁹²	30	20	15
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	230	110	120
Viet Nam	225	105	115
Bangladesh	40	15	20
India	415	195	225
Pakistan	195	105	95
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	95	35	55
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	310	155	155
Americas	20	0	15
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	15	0	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	10	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	50	35	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	45	25	20
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	230	115	115
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	120	55	65
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	40	20	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	0
Philippines	25	15	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	5,465	2,640	2,825
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,940	1,385	1,555
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,625	840	785
Third generation or more¹⁰²	900	415	490
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,735	1,290	1,450
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,665	830	835
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	670	440	225
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	995	390	610
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	795	295	500
Refugees¹⁰⁸	255	150	105
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	10	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,735	1,290	1,450
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	105	60	45
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	220	90	130
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	75	40	40
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	195	110	85
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,130	995	1,135
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	5,465	2,640	2,825
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,310	2,075	2,230
South Asian	1,115	530	580
Chinese	1,625	780	850
Black	475	220	255
Filipino	280	145	135
Arab	155	80	75
Latin American	135	60	75
Southeast Asian	230	110	120
West Asian	45	30	20
Korean	45	25	20
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	195	100	95
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,155	560	595
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	5,465	2,640	2,825
Canadian	265	140	115
English	365	160	200
Irish	215	95	120
Scottish	310	140	165
French, n.o.s.¹²²	80	35	45
German	265	140	125
Chinese	1,670	790	875
Italian	180	80	95
Indian (India)	580	250	330
Ukrainian	100	55	45
Dutch	45	30	15
Polish	50	30	25
Québécois	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	65	35	30
Filipino	225	120	110
French Canadian	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	25	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0
Métis	35	25	15
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	50	20	30
Russian	20	10	10
Norwegian	45	20	30
Welsh	35	0	30
Portuguese	15	0	15
American	10	0	10
Spanish	45	25	20
Swedish	15	0	10
Hungarian	55	25	30
Acadian	0	0	0
Pakistani	250	150	100
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	75	50	25
Jewish	0	0	0
Punjabi	105	50	55
Vietnamese	215	100	115
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	15	20
Greek	0	0	0
Jamaican	15	0	10
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	140	65	80
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	50	25	25
Romanian	35	10	25
Lebanese	35	20	20
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	60	25	40
Danish	20	10	10
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0
Sikh	100	40	55
Austrian	30	20	10
Belgian	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	85	35	45
Mexican	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	35	20	10
Finnish	35	20	15
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	15	20
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	30	10	20
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	75	35	45
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	40	15	20
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	30	20	0
Guyanese	25	15	10
Afghan	70	35	35
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	20	20
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	80	30	45
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	45	20	30
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	150	70	80
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	30	15	15
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	15	15
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	70	35	35
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	30	15	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	15	15	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	30	10	20
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	60	30	25
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	20	10	10
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	15	10	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	5,465	2,640	2,825
Buddhist	245	110	135
Christian	2,030	950	1,090
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	450	215	235
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	40	20	25
Baptist	15	10	10
Catholic	1,005	480	530
Christian Orthodox	135	40	95
Jehovah's Witness	10	10	10
Latter Day Saints	30	15	10
Lutheran	20	10	20
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	175	85	95
Presbyterian	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	35	20	15
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	110	50	60
Hindu	360	155	200
Jewish	0	0	0
Muslim	605	305	295
Sikh	340	165	175
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	15	15	0
No religion and secular perspectives	1,870	945	925
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	5,410	2,615	2,795
Non-movers	5,045	2,440	2,610
Movers	360	175	190
Non-migrants	240	120	115
Migrants	125	55	70
Internal migrants	65	30	35
Intraprovincial migrants	15	10	10
Interprovincial migrants	45	25	25
External migrants	60	25	35
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	5,125	2,475	2,650
Non-movers	3,785	1,835	1,950
Movers	1,340	645	700
Non-migrants	820	405	420
Migrants	525	240	285
Internal migrants	260	120	140
Intraprovincial migrants	145	70	75
Interprovincial migrants	115	50	60
External migrants	260	115	145
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,160	2,040	2,130
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	610	280	335
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	3,555	1,760	1,795
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,980	1,445	1,535
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	230	105	125
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,745	1,340	1,405
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,165	2,035	2,130
No certificate, diploma or degree	545	240	305
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	955	480	475
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,665	1,315	1,350
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	805	405	400
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	120	80	40
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	30	10	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	90	65	30
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	510	255	255
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	175	70	105
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,855	910	950
Bachelor's degree	1,285	600	685
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	105	50	60
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	15	25
Master's degree	385	210	170
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	35	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,975	1,440	1,535
No certificate, diploma or degree	190	80	110
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	465	235	230
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,320	1,120	1,200
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	680	330	345
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	95	60	30
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	10	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	75	55	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	430	215	220
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	150	50	95
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,645	790	855
Bachelor's degree	1,115	510	605
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	85	30	55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	10	20
Master's degree	375	205	170
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	35	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,165	2,035	2,125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,500	725	775
Education	160	35	125
13. Education	160	35	125
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50	20	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	45	15	30
Humanities	130	35	95
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	25
23. English language and literature/letters	20	10	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	55	15	35
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	0
54. History	15	0	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	230	85	150
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	40	0	30
22. Legal professions and studies	25	10	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	35	10	20
45. Social sciences	130	50	75
Business, management and public administration	660	330	330
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	30	20	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	625	310	320
Physical and life sciences and technologies	155	75	85
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65	30	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	25	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	45	20	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	200	125	75
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	165	105	60
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	15	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	630	490	145
04. Architecture and related services	40	40	0
14. Engineering	390	270	115
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	95	75	25
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	35	35	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	50	50	0
48. Precision production	20	20	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35	25	15
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	25	25	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	0	15
Health and related fields	325	65	255
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	35	15	20
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	285	55	230
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	80	30	50
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	55	10	45
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	15	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	2,980	1,445	1,535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	655	320	335
Education	140	25	115
13. Education	140	25	115
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	35	15	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	30	10	15
Humanities	125	35	95
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	30
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50	15	35
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	0
54. History	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	215	75	135
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	30	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	20	10	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	25	10	20
45. Social sciences	125	50	80
Business, management and public administration	580	285	295
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	25	15	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	550	270	280
Physical and life sciences and technologies	135	65	70
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	50	30	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	20	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	40	15	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	195	120	80
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	160	100	60
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	15	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	530	410	125
04. Architecture and related services	25	25	0
14. Engineering	335	235	105
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	80	65	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	35	35	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	40	40	0
48. Precision production	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	25	15	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	15	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	0	10
Health and related fields	275	50	220
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	25	0	20
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	245	50	195
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	70	30	35
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	50	10	35
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	2,980	1,445	1,535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	655	320	335
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	2,325	1,120	1,205
Location of study inside Canada	1,360	695	665
Same as province or territory of residence	1,080	550	525
Different than province or territory of residence	285	145	145
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	960	425	535
Americas	105	45	55
United States of America	50	20	35
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	15	0	10
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	10	15
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	65	40	25
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	10	0
Africa	125	55	70
Nigeria	65	30	40
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	25	10	15
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	25	15	10
Asia	660	280	380
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	180	65	115
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10
Philippines	120	55	60
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	20	10	15
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	220	95	125
Pakistan	70	35	40
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	4,165	2,035	2,130
In the labour force	2,965	1,565	1,400
Employed	2,555	1,410	1,145
Unemployed	410	155	255
Not in the labour force	1,200	470	730
Participation rate	71.2	76.9	65.7
Employment rate	61.3	69.3	53.8
Unemployment rate	13.8	9.9	18.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	4,165	2,035	2,125
Did not work¹⁸⁶	1,315	520	800
Worked	2,845	1,520	1,325
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	1,520	920	600
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	1,330	600	725
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.9	38.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	2,965	1,565	1,395
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	95	35	55
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	2,875	1,530	1,345
Employee	2,400	1,225	1,180
Permanent position	1,920	995	925
Temporary position	480	225	250
Fixed term (1 year or more)	160	70	85
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	320	160	165
Self-employed¹⁹²	475	300	170
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	2,965	1,565	1,395
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	95	35	55
All occupations¹⁹¹	2,875	1,530	1,345
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	20	15	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	580	250	335
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	465	360	105
3 Health occupations	230	50	180
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	270	80	190
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	60	30	30
6 Sales and service occupations	780	360	425
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	355	300	55
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	35	25	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	70	60	10
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	2,965	1,565	1,395
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	95	35	55
All industries¹⁹¹	2,875	1,530	1,345
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	165	95	70
22 Utilities	35	30	0
23 Construction	205	175	35
31-33 Manufacturing	105	80	25
41 Wholesale trade	90	75	15
44-45 Retail trade	390	180	210
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	205	145	60
51 Information and cultural industries	85	55	30
52 Finance and insurance	165	65	100
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	80	55	25
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	330	190	130
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	60	35	15
61 Educational services	170	55	120
62 Health care and social assistance	350	80	275
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	50	25	25
72 Accommodation and food services	200	85	115
81 Other services (except public administration)	75	35	40
91 Public administration	85	50	35
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	3,060	1,635	1,425
English	2,750	1,470	1,270
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	75	35	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	75	35	40
English and French	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	215	115	95
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	3,060	1,635	1,425
Single responses	3,015	1,615	1,400
Official languages	2,920	1,570	1,355
English	2,915	1,570	1,350
French	0	0	0
Non-official languages	95	45	50
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	95	45	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	10	20
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	10
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	30	25
Chinese languages	55	30	25
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	20	20
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	3,060	1,635	1,425
None	2,860	1,525	1,340
English	20	10	10
French	15	10	0
Non-official language	120	80	45
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	120	80	45
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	35	10	25
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	2,555	1,415	1,145
Worked at home	845	475	370
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0
No fixed workplace address	315	230	85
Usual place of work	1,385	700	685
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	1,390	700	685
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,260	625	630
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	100	50	50
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25	25	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	1,705	925	775
Car, truck or van	1,545	845	695
Car, truck or van - as a driver	1,440	810	630
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	105	35	70
Public transit	100	45	55
Walked	25	15	10
Bicycle	0	0	0
Other method	35	25	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	1,705	925	775
Less than 15 minutes	295	140	155
15 to 29 minutes	785	415	375
30 to 44 minutes	405	240	165
45 to 59 minutes	130	70	60
60 minutes and over	85	60	20
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	1,705	925	775
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	105	100	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	205	115	85
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	355	160	195
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	365	235	130
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	345	160	190
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	320	155	165
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,545	775	770
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	45	40
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,460	730	730
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,230	610	620
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	70	35	35
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	25	10	15
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	45	25	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,160	575	585

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...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 15, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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