Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48062538More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48060861More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48062525More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	3,565	...	...	961	...	...	3,790	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	1,073	...	...	710	...	...	1,013	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	1,054	...	...	646	...	...	965	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,319.7	...	...	11,266.1	...	...	7,747.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1.07	...	...	0.09	...	...	0.49	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	3,565	1,745	1,820	960	450	510	3,790	1,880	1,910
0 to 14 years	905	470	435	65	35	30	965	485	475
0 to 4 years	195	105	95	30	20	15	315	145	170
5 to 9 years	345	185	155	20	5	10	320	165	150
10 to 14 years	360	175	190	15	10	10	325	170	155
15 to 64 years	2,400	1,155	1,245	840	390	445	2,580	1,275	1,305
15 to 19 years	235	115	125	15	5	5	265	125	135
20 to 24 years	220	110	115	45	20	25	285	150	140
25 to 29 years	165	70	90	170	80	90	265	120	150
30 to 34 years	220	100	120	210	90	120	325	170	160
35 to 39 years	325	145	180	140	65	75	340	155	180
40 to 44 years	390	175	215	75	35	40	330	165	170
45 to 49 years	340	185	160	50	20	25	255	135	125
50 to 54 years	225	110	120	45	25	25	220	110	105
55 to 59 years	145	80	60	45	25	20	170	100	75
60 to 64 years	135	65	70	40	15	25	120	55	65
65 years and over	255	120	140	60	25	35	250	115	130
65 to 69 years	115	45	70	20	10	5	120	55	65
70 to 74 years	80	50	30	20	5	15	55	25	30
75 to 79 years	40	15	25	10	5	5	50	20	25
80 to 84 years	10	5	5	5	0	0	15	5	5
85 years and over	10	5	10	0	0	5	5	5	5
85 to 89 years	5	5	0	5	0	0	5	5	0
90 to 94 years	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	25.4	26.9	23.9	6.8	7.8	5.9	25.5	25.8	24.9
15 to 64 years	67.3	66.2	68.4	87.5	86.7	87.3	68.1	67.8	68.3
65 years and over	7.2	6.9	7.7	6.3	5.6	6.9	6.6	6.1	6.8
85 years and over	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.1	0.3	0.3
Average age of the population	33.8	33.4	34.1	37.3	37.1	37.4	32.1	32.1	32.0
Median age of the population	35.6	35.2	36.0	34.4	34.8	34.0	32.0	32.4	32.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	1,055	...	...	645	...	...	965	...	...
Single-detached house	745	...	...	15	...	...	625	...	...
Semi-detached house	100	...	...	5	...	...	45	...	...
Row house	205	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	15	...	...	35	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	600	...	...	260	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	1,055	...	...	645	...	...	965	...	...
1 person	90	...	...	400	...	...	80	...	...
2 persons	230	...	...	190	...	...	150	...	...
3 persons	230	...	...	40	...	...	175	...	...
4 persons	305	...	...	15	...	...	235	...	...
5 or more persons	200	...	...	0	...	...	325	...	...
Number of persons in private households	3,565	1,740	1,825	965	445	515	3,765	1,865	1,905
Average household size	3.4	...	...	1.5	...	...	3.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	2,655	1,270	1,390	895	415	480	2,825	1,395	1,435
Married or living common-law	1,725	865	860	350	180	170	1,770	890	880
Married	1,560	780	780	145	75	75	1,710	860	850
Living common-law	165	90	80	200	105	100	60	30	30
Living common law - Never married	140	65	70	185	95	90	40	20	20
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	0	5
Living common law - Divorced	30	20	15	10	10	5	15	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	935	410	530	545	235	305	1,060	505	555
Not married and not living common law - Never married	695	340	360	425	185	235	835	440	395
Not married and not living common law - Separated	40	15	30	20	5	10	60	25	35
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	130	45	85	85	35	50	90	30	55
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	60	10	50	15	10	10	80	10	70
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	1,005	...	...	200	...	...	960	...	...
2 persons	310	...	...	150	...	...	265	...	...
3 persons	255	...	...	30	...	...	215	...	...
4 persons	315	...	...	10	...	...	290	...	...
5 or more persons	125	...	...	5	...	...	190	...	...
Average size of census families	3.3	...	...	2.3	...	...	3.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.4	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	1,000	...	...	195	...	...	955	...	...
Total couple families	845	...	...	175	...	...	830	...	...
Married couples	760	...	...	75	...	...	800	...	...
With children⁶	580	...	...	30	...	...	615	...	...
Without children	180	...	...	40	...	...	180	...	...
Common-law couples	85	...	...	100	...	...	30	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	95	...	...	15	...	...
Total one-parent families	155	...	...	25	...	...	130	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	130	...	...	15	...	...	100	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	25	...	...	10	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	3,565	1,740	1,825	965	450	515	3,765	1,865	1,900
Total - Persons in census families	3,300	1,605	1,695	460	230	225	3,350	1,650	1,695
Married spouses or common-law partners	1,695	850	850	345	175	170	1,660	830	830
Parents in one-parent families	155	25	130	25	10	15	130	25	100
Children⁶	1,450	735	715	85	50	40	1,565	795	765
In a two-parent family	1,185	610	575	50	30	25	1,340	685	655
In a one-parent family	270	125	140	30	15	20	225	115	105
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	265	135	130	505	220	285	415	210	200
Living alone	95	50	45	405	175	225	75	35	40
Living with other relatives⁷	80	30	50	20	5	10	175	75	100
Living with non-relatives only	90	55	35	80	35	45	160	95	60
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	1,050	...	...	645	...	...	965	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	790	...	...	185	...	...	585	...	...
Couple-family households	675	...	...	165	...	...	510	...	...
With children⁶	520	...	...	35	...	...	430	...	...
Without children	160	...	...	130	...	...	85	...	...
One-parent-family households	110	...	...	25	...	...	70	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	90	...	...	0	...	...	125	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10	...	...	0	...	...	35	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	50	...	...	10	...	...	90	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	25	...	...	45	...	...	55	...	...
One-person households	95	...	...	405	...	...	75	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	2,660	1,275	1,385	895	415	480	2,805	1,375	1,425
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,495	1,190	1,310	870	405	465	2,595	1,290	1,300
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,400	35,600	54,400	55,200	54,000	34,000	34,800	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,495	1,190	1,310	870	405	465	2,595	1,290	1,300
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,800	34,000	47,600	48,000	47,200	31,800	32,400	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,245	1,095	1,150	800	375	425	2,205	1,155	1,050
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	50,400	27,600	54,000	54,400	52,800	26,800	31,000	21,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,960	965	995	750	355	395	2,055	1,075	975
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	53,200	33,600	52,800	52,800	53,200	26,400	30,000	23,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,240	1,040	1,195	780	355	425	2,365	1,140	1,220
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,650	4,840	9,100	2,780	3,040	2,740	8,400	5,480	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	320	140	175	115	55	60	365	155	210
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	5,480	6,280	5,960	5,720	6,240	6,000	6,280	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	970	455	520	285	135	145	1,135	555	580
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,000	9,000	10,000	8,000	9,500	10,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	2,670	1,275	1,400	860	405	450	2,775	1,340	1,435
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,510	1,195	1,315	840	395	445	2,555	1,240	1,315
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,700	61,900	44,320	59,700	58,600	60,600	38,440	41,600	35,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,510	1,195	1,315	840	395	445	2,555	1,240	1,315
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,600	51,500	38,320	50,400	49,400	51,200	34,360	36,500	32,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,250	1,120	1,130	775	355	415	2,140	1,085	1,060
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,040	58,700	39,500	56,000	54,800	57,000	33,880	38,400	29,250
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,995	980	1,015	715	335	380	2,000	1,010	990
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,840	60,500	39,500	56,000	54,200	57,600	33,560	37,400	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,285	1,055	1,235	740	350	395	2,330	1,110	1,220
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,640	7,880	11,140	9,000	9,840	8,240	11,030	9,020	12,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	315	135	180	90	55	35	320	120	190
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	5,900	7,750	8,000	9,600	5,200	6,360	7,300	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	995	450	545	270	135	135	1,195	580	610
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,820	9,480	10,120	10,300	9,800	10,800	9,000	8,840	9,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	2,675	1,275	1,395	855	405	450	2,775	1,340	1,435
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	935	510	420	440	190	250	825	475	350
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500	74,000	67,000	71,500	72,000	69,000	49,600	52,000	48,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,600	88,800	72,800	73,200	73,500	73,500	50,300	52,400	47,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	845	380	460	235	130	110	895	410	480
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	19,000	15,100	24,000	24,200	23,600	18,200	19,000	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,640	31,500	13,500	28,800	31,200	26,000	23,160	25,400	21,300
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4	88.8	76.4	86.8	85.0	88.0	73.8	80.4	66.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	75.2	80.4	68.8	80.0	78.0	82.0	68.4	73.6	62.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.6	11.2	23.6	13.4	14.9	12.0	26.2	19.5	33.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.1	2.4	1.5	2.4	0.7	2.0	1.8	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.1	6.1	10.6	6.1	6.2	6.0	12.1	10.8	13.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.4	5.8	9.5	5.6	5.8	5.4	11.0	10.0	12.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	2,655	1,270	1,390	895	415	480	2,805	1,380	1,425
Without total income	160	85	75	25	15	10	215	90	125
With total income	2,500	1,185	1,310	870	400	470	2,590	1,290	1,305
Under $10,000 (including loss)	265	105	165	35	15	25	310	125	185
$10,000 to $19,999	275	120	150	45	25	20	330	155	175
$20,000 to $29,999	390	155	240	125	55	70	490	260	230
$30,000 to $39,999	265	105	160	95	40	55	410	195	220
$40,000 to $49,999	235	110	120	95	50	50	345	155	195
$50,000 to $59,999	190	90	105	90	30	60	215	115	105
$60,000 to $69,999	180	95	80	90	40	45	190	100	85
$70,000 to $79,999	150	70	80	85	40	50	110	65	40
$80,000 to $89,999	105	70	35	55	25	25	70	45	30
$90,000 to $99,999	105	55	45	35	20	15	45	25	20
$100,000 and over	345	215	125	125	60	65	80	55	30
$100,000 to $149,999	245	140	105	95	50	50	70	40	30
$150,000 and over	100	80	25	30	15	15	15	10	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	2,655	1,270	1,390	895	415	480	2,805	1,380	1,425
Without after-tax income	160	85	75	25	15	10	215	90	125
With after-tax income	2,500	1,185	1,310	870	400	470	2,590	1,290	1,305
Under $10,000 (including loss)	270	105	170	35	15	25	310	125	185
$10,000 to $19,999	290	130	155	45	30	20	345	165	180
$20,000 to $29,999	430	170	260	140	65	75	545	290	255
$30,000 to $39,999	300	130	175	120	50	65	475	230	240
$40,000 to $49,999	270	125	140	125	55	75	375	175	200
$50,000 to $59,999	240	125	120	120	55	65	250	125	125
$60,000 to $69,999	195	100	95	95	45	50	125	80	45
$70,000 to $79,999	140	80	55	50	20	25	85	50	35
$80,000 to $89,999	105	55	50	45	20	30	35	25	15
$90,000 to $99,999	75	35	40	25	20	10	20	5	10
$100,000 and over	185	135	55	60	30	30	30	25	10
$100,000 to $124,999	105	65	35	35	20	20	20	15	10
$125,000 and over	85	65	20	20	15	10	10	10	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	2,655	1,270	1,390	895	415	480	2,805	1,380	1,425
Without employment income	695	305	395	145	65	80	750	295	450
With employment income	1,960	965	995	745	350	400	2,055	1,080	980
Under $5,000 (including loss)	245	95	150	40	20	20	275	140	140
$5,000 to $9,999	180	75	110	35	20	20	265	110	160
$10,000 to $19,999	225	85	135	70	40	35	300	150	145
$20,000 to $29,999	165	80	85	65	30	35	270	140	125
$30,000 to $39,999	145	60	85	65	30	40	205	110	95
$40,000 to $49,999	140	65	80	65	30	40	185	100	90
$50,000 to $59,999	135	75	60	80	30	45	190	95	90
$60,000 to $69,999	160	90	75	80	35	45	135	80	55
$70,000 to $79,999	100	45	55	75	35	45	80	50	30
$80,000 to $89,999	95	60	30	30	15	20	55	40	15
$90,000 to $99,999	65	30	30	35	20	15	30	20	10
$100,000 and over	310	200	110	105	55	50	60	40	20
$100,000 to $124,999	155	80	70	60	35	25	40	25	15
$125,000 and over	155	115	40	45	25	25	25	15	10
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	2,660	1,275	1,385	895	415	480	2,805	1,375	1,425
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,445	1,170	1,280	870	400	470	2,475	1,225	1,245
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	50,400	32,800	51,200	50,400	52,400	30,400	34,000	27,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,445	1,170	1,280	870	400	470	2,475	1,225	1,245
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	45,200	31,200	45,200	43,200	46,000	29,200	32,000	27,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,225	1,095	1,130	800	375	425	2,105	1,115	985
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	54,000	32,400	54,000	51,600	55,200	30,600	35,200	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,965	975	985	755	355	400	1,980	1,055	930
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	56,000	36,400	54,000	50,400	55,200	30,600	34,000	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,125	1,000	1,130	770	350	420	2,225	1,065	1,160
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,040	890	2,360	820	780	890	1,590	1,040	4,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	165	65	105	65	30	35	210	85	120
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	6,160	6,750	9,100	10,300	9,100	6,240	5,000	8,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	2,670	1,275	1,400	860	405	450	2,775	1,340	1,435
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,450	1,175	1,275	860	405	450	2,435	1,180	1,255
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,500	59,700	45,900	57,400	58,400	56,400	36,080	40,900	31,550
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,450	1,175	1,275	860	405	450	2,435	1,180	1,255
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,280	49,300	39,700	48,300	49,000	47,800	32,120	35,800	28,650
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,225	1,100	1,125	790	370	415	2,040	1,080	960
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,050	60,700	45,600	58,400	59,800	57,200	36,520	41,000	31,450
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,990	975	1,020	735	345	390	1,915	1,015	900
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,450	62,900	46,300	57,100	58,400	55,800	36,280	40,500	31,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,115	970	1,140	755	355	400	2,225	1,050	1,175
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,012	3,510	6,300	4,120	4,340	3,920	5,985	3,820	7,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	155	55	100	50	35	0	175	55	115
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200	6,800	7,400	9,200	10,000	...	9,300	6,000	10,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	2,675	1,275	1,395	855	405	450	2,775	1,340	1,435
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	925	505	420	440	190	250	785	470	315
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,000	81,000	63,200	67,500	69,500	65,500	46,400	48,000	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,400	88,000	69,200	68,400	69,500	67,500	49,400	51,000	47,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	760	350	415	240	130	115	810	380	435
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	22,600	21,600	34,000	36,800	18,800	22,800	26,000	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,000	40,000	30,800	40,800	47,000	33,500	28,650	33,000	24,900
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.8	95.2	87.6	93.6	94.0	94.0	84.8	91.6	76.4
Employment income (%)	84.2	87.2	80.4	85.6	85.0	86.0	79.0	84.8	71.6
Government transfers (%)	8.2	4.9	12.2	6.3	6.5	6.2	15.2	8.3	23.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.5	1.3	0.9	1.4	x	1.8	0.7	3.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	1,055	...	...	645	...	...	965	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	71,500	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	59,600	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	95	...	...	405	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	56,000	...	...	50,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	48,000	...	...	43,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	960	...	...	245	...	...	890	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	106,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	1,050	...	...	650	...	...	960	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	77,200	...	...	102,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	106,800	...	...	65,200	...	...	91,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	80	...	...	440	...	...	75	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	65,200	...	...	56,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,000	...	...	55,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	965	...	...	210	...	...	880	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,400	...	...	102,000	...	...	106,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...	86,000	...	...	95,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	1,055	...	...	645	...	...	965	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	40	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	35	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	55	...	...	60	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	70	...	...	50	...	...	85	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	75	...	...	50	...	...	90	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	65	...	...	35	...	...	70	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	70	...	...	40	...	...	75	...	...
$100,000 and over	620	...	...	205	...	...	450	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	150	...	...	80	...	...	165	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	130	...	...	50	...	...	115	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	185	...	...	50	...	...	115	...	...
$200,000 and over	155	...	...	20	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	1,055	...	...	645	...	...	965	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	45	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	40	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	35	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	45	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	70	...	...	75	...	...	85	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	100	...	...	45	...	...	100	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	85	...	...	45	...	...	90	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	80	...	...	45	...	...	80	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	80	...	...	45	...	...	95	...	...
$100,000 and over	525	...	...	140	...	...	370	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	170	...	...	75	...	...	160	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	145	...	...	35	...	...	110	...	...
$150,000 and over	215	...	...	35	...	...	100	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	950	...	...	200	...	...	870	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.6	...	...	2.3	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	175	...	...	130	...	...	105	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	61,200	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	615	...	...	40	...	...	625	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	126,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	111,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	3.5	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	135	...	...	25	...	...	95	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	57,200	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	54,800	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	185	100	85	485	210	275	235	130	100
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,400	47,600	52,000	53,600	55,200	52,000	39,200	38,000	39,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	41,200	47,200	46,400	48,400	45,200	36,000	35,200	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	945	...	...	175	...	...	885	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,600	...	...	97,000	...	...	101,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,800	...	...	82,000	...	...	90,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	185	...	...	115	...	...	110	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	59,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	635	...	...	30	...	...	635	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	114,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,600	...	...	56,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	120	...	...	0	...	...	105	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	...	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	x	...	...	63,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	170	105	65	520	240	275	215	140	70
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,000	54,000	60,000	64,400	61,200	67,000	41,600	45,000	36,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	43,000	52,000	54,000	52,000	56,000	36,800	38,500	33,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	3,565	1,745	1,820	960	450	510	3,765	1,860	1,905
0 to 17 years	1,050	540	515	75	35	35	1,125	570	555
0 to 5 years	260	135	120	35	20	15	385	185	205
18 to 64 years	2,255	1,085	1,175	825	385	440	2,390	1,175	1,215
65 years and over	260	120	140	55	25	35	245	120	130
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	215	105	105	130	60	75	395	195	195
0 to 17 years	65	30	35	15	10	5	165	85	80
0 to 5 years	15	10	10	5	0	5	70	30	35
18 to 64 years	120	65	55	95	40	55	210	105	105
65 years and over	30	20	15	25	10	10	15	10	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.0	6.3	5.9	13.8	13.2	14.4	10.4	10.5	10.3
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	5.6	6.8	20.0	25.0	16.0	14.9	15.4	14.4
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0	6.0	6.0	16.0	x	x	17.5	18.0	18.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3	5.8	5.0	11.6	10.4	12.4	8.7	8.6	8.8
65 years and over (%)	12.0	14.0	10.0	38.0	40.0	36.0	7.0	6.0	6.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	3,565	1,740	1,825	960	450	515	3,765	1,865	1,900
0 to 17 years	1,055	540	510	80	40	35	1,125	565	560
0 to 5 years	255	135	120	40	20	15	385	180	205
18 to 64 years	2,255	1,080	1,175	830	385	445	2,390	1,180	1,215
65 years and over	255	120	140	60	25	30	245	115	130
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	170	95	75	90	40	45	240	135	105
0 to 17 years	55	30	20	10	10	5	80	40	35
0 to 5 years	15	5	5	0	0	0	25	15	15
18 to 64 years	105	55	45	70	30	45	155	85	70
65 years and over	15	5	5	10	5	0	10	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.8	5.5	4.2	9.6	9.6	9.2	6.5	7.2	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	5.0	5.6	4.4	16.0	20.0	10.0	7.0	7.8	6.4
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	5.0	5.0	x	x	x	6.8	8.0	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	5.4	3.9	8.8	8.0	9.6	6.5	7.3	5.8
65 years and over (%)	5.0	5.0	6.0	12.0	20.0	x	3.0	3.0	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	3,565	1,745	1,820	960	450	510	3,765	1,860	1,905
In bottom half of the distribution	1,565	760	800	450	200	255	2,385	1,185	1,200
In bottom decile	225	125	100	130	60	70	340	180	155
In second decile	285	135	155	95	45	55	505	245	265
In third decile	370	175	195	90	35	60	560	270	290
In fourth decile	375	190	185	75	40	35	565	285	280
In fifth decile	310	150	160	70	25	40	415	205	210
In top half of the distribution	2,000	980	1,025	510	250	260	1,380	680	705
In sixth decile	330	150	175	85	45	35	450	225	225
In seventh decile	440	215	225	105	50	55	390	200	190
In eighth decile	455	230	230	95	50	50	290	140	150
In ninth decile	415	205	210	110	55	60	170	75	90
In top decile	360	175	180	110	50	60	80	35	45
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	3,565	...	...	960	...	...	3,765	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.286	...	...	0.345	...	...	0.251	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.388	...	...	0.429	...	...	0.389	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.255	...	...	0.308	...	...	0.226	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	4.4	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	3,565	1,740	1,825	960	450	515	3,765	1,865	1,900
English only	3,245	1,605	1,645	860	405	455	3,405	1,715	1,685
French only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	115	50	60	95	40	50	105	50	55
Neither English nor French	200	85	120	10	10	0	260	100	160
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	3,565	1,740	1,825	960	450	515	3,765	1,865	1,900
English	3,340	1,645	1,690	935	430	495	3,460	1,745	1,720
French	15	10	5	15	10	10	30	15	15
English and French	15	10	5	5	0	0	20	10	10
Neither English nor French	195	80	115	10	10	0	255	95	160
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	3,565	1,740	1,825	960	450	515	3,765	1,865	1,900
Single responses	3,285	1,610	1,680	920	430	495	3,410	1,690	1,725
Official languages	1,640	815	820	745	350	395	1,020	515	505
English	1,625	815	810	725	340	390	995	500	495
French	15	5	10	15	5	10	25	20	10
Non-official languages	1,645	790	855	180	80	100	2,395	1,175	1,220
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,645	790	855	180	80	95	2,395	1,175	1,220
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	50	55	20	15	5	75	30	40
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	25	5	15
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	5	5	0	15	5	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	100	50	55	15	5	5	50	25	25
Amharic	20	10	10	5	0	0	10	0	0
Arabic	70	35	35	10	5	5	30	15	15
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15	5	0	5	20	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	5	0	5	20	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	95	45	50	15	5	10	250	115	135
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	40	45	15	5	10	215	105	115
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	35	20	15	0	0	0	35	15	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tamil	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	575	285	295	80	40	40	1,965	975	990
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	15	30	15	15	15	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40	20	15	30	10	15	15	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	15	10	5	15	10	10	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	10	5	5	5	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	0	5
German	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	455	215	240	10	10	5	1,880	930	950
Indo-Aryan languages	415	195	220	10	5	5	1,715	860	855
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	10	5	0	5	65	35	30
Gujarati	25	10	15	0	0	0	50	25	20
Hindi	25	10	15	0	0	0	75	40	35
Kacchi	15	10	5	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	75	80	0	0	0	980	480	495
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Urdu	170	80	85	0	5	0	480	240	240
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Iranian languages	40	20	25	0	0	0	155	70	85
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	5	0	0	0	65	30	40
Persian languages	40	15	15	0	0	0	75	35	40
Dari	15	5	5	0	0	0	40	20	20
Iranian Persian	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages	70	40	35	25	10	15	70	40	35
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	0	5
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	65	40	30	20	10	15	70	35	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	10	5	0	10	0	0	0
Korean	40	25	20	5	0	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	20	5	0	5	30	10	15
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	715	335	385	35	20	20	5	5	5
Chinese languages	715	335	385	35	20	20	5	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	235	100	130	15	10	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	460	225	240	20	10	10	0	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	275	130	150	35	15	20	350	170	180
English and French	10	5	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	240	110	125	30	20	15	300	150	155
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	20	0	0	0	40	20	25
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	3,565	1,740	1,825	960	450	515	3,765	1,865	1,900
English	1,650	830	820	760	360	400	885	445	440
French	5	5	5	0	5	0	0	0	0
Non-official language	510	245	265	45	20	20	1,000	470	530
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	510	245	265	45	20	20	1,000	470	530
English and French	15	5	10	5	5	5	35	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	1,295	620	675	140	55	80	1,705	865	835
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0	0	5	15	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	75	30	40	5	0	0	115	50	60
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	3,565	1,740	1,825	960	450	515	3,765	1,865	1,900
Single responses	3,245	1,590	1,655	930	430	495	3,205	1,565	1,645
Official languages	2,195	1,075	1,110	860	400	465	1,375	685	695
English	2,180	1,075	1,105	860	395	465	1,365	680	685
French	10	5	5	0	5	0	10	10	5
Non-official languages	1,050	510	540	70	35	30	1,830	880	950
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,050	510	540	70	35	30	1,830	880	950
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	20	15	5	5	50	15	30
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	15	20	10	5	5	40	15	20
Amharic	5	0	0	5	5	0	10	0	0
Arabic	20	10	15	5	0	0	25	10	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	5	0	0	0	15	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	5	0	0	0	15	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	25	30	5	0	0	150	75	80
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	25	5	0	0	125	60	65
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	30	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Tamil	10	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	355	175	180	35	15	15	1,545	755	795
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	20	10	15	10	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	20	10	15	10	10	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	15	15	5	10	5	5	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	300	140	160	5	5	0	1,510	735	770
Indo-Aryan languages	270	130	145	0	5	0	1,395	690	705
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5	0	0	0	40	20	20
Gujarati	20	10	10	0	0	0	35	20	20
Hindi	25	10	15	0	0	0	70	35	30
Kacchi	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	55	55	0	0	0	835	410	420
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	105	50	55	0	5	0	370	185	185
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Iranian languages	30	10	15	0	0	0	110	45	70
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	5	0	0	0	45	15	30
Persian languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	60	20	35
Dari	10	5	5	0	0	0	20	5	10
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	15	15	5	10	35	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	35	20	15	10	5	5	35	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	15	10	10
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	535	255	280	15	10	10	5	5	5
Chinese languages	535	255	280	15	10	10	5	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	195	90	105	5	5	5	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	330	160	165	10	5	5	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	320	155	170	30	15	15	555	300	260
English and French	5	5	0	5	0	5	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	300	145	160	25	15	10	520	275	245
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	25	15	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	3,565	1,740	1,825	965	450	515	3,765	1,865	1,905
None	2,410	1,190	1,225	835	400	435	2,340	1,160	1,175
English	380	195	185	20	10	5	585	295	295
French	15	10	10	5	5	0	20	10	10
Non-official language	595	275	320	90	30	60	575	280	290
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous	595	275	320	85	30	55	570	280	285
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	100	45	60	0	0	0	150	80	75
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	25	10	0	5	85	35	45
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	3,530	1,770	1,760	905	430	475	3,755	1,815	1,945
Official languages	3,340	1,705	1,635	900	425	475	3,505	1,715	1,785
English	3,340	1,705	1,635	900	425	475	3,505	1,715	1,785
French	105	45	60	105	40	65	105	60	50
Non-official languages	2,090	980	1,110	305	130	175	3,020	1,450	1,570
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,090	980	1,110	295	130	170	3,020	1,450	1,570
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	80	80	30	20	10	80	40	40
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	160	80	80	30	20	10	55	30	25
Amharic	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	110	55	45	30	20	10	40	25	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	20	35	0	0	0	30	10	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	55	20	35	0	0	0	30	10	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	155	55	105	10	0	10	385	190	195
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	40	85	0	0	0	380	190	190
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	45	20	25	10	10	0	35	15	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	790	395	390	185	65	120	2,355	1,135	1,220
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	45	25	75	30	45	10	10	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	70	45	25	75	30	45	10	10	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Russian	50	30	20	35	15	20	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	10	15	40	20	20	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	15	10	10	25	10	15	0	0	0
German	15	10	10	25	10	15	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	515	265	250	25	10	15	2,300	1,105	1,195
Indo-Aryan languages	480	250	230	20	10	10	2,220	1,080	1,140
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Gujarati	55	20	35	0	0	0	35	15	20
Hindi	170	75	95	0	0	0	565	270	295
Kacchi	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	205	110	95	0	0	0	1,475	720	755
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	235	115	120	15	10	0	785	400	390
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0	0	0	115	45	70
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25
Persian languages	30	15	15	0	0	0	70	35	40
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Italic (Romance) languages	190	80	105	55	15	40	50	25	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	160	75	90	45	15	30	45	25	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	35	20	20	20	10	15	0	0	0
Korean	75	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	95	50	45	0	0	0	85	35	45
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	735	345	395	35	20	10	10	10	0
Chinese languages	735	345	395	35	20	10	10	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	365	155	210	10	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	495	245	250	30	20	10	10	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	3,530	1,770	1,760	905	425	475	3,755	1,810	1,945
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	100	50	45	55	35	20	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	90	50	40	50	35	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	35	25	10	15	10	0	0	0	0
Métis	40	25	20	35	15	15	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	3,430	1,715	1,715	855	400	455	3,750	1,805	1,945
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	3,530	1,770	1,760	905	425	475	3,755	1,810	1,945
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	30	25	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,500	1,745	1,755	880	410	470	3,750	1,805	1,945
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	1,050	...	...	650	...	...	960	...	...
Owner	795	...	...	250	...	...	685	...	...
Renter	255	...	...	405	...	...	275	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	1,050	...	...	650	...	...	960	...	...
Condominium	170	...	...	450	...	...	305	...	...
Not condominium	880	...	...	200	...	...	655	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	1,050	...	...	650	...	...	960	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	15	...	...	310	...	...	60	...	...
2 bedrooms	75	...	...	300	...	...	250	...	...
3 bedrooms	580	...	...	25	...	...	300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	385	...	...	15	...	...	345	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	1,050	...	...	650	...	...	960	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	250	...	...	520	...	...	370	...	...
5 rooms	200	...	...	90	...	...	215	...	...
6 rooms	185	...	...	20	...	...	155	...	...
7 rooms	115	...	...	0	...	...	60	...	...
8 or more rooms	300	...	...	15	...	...	165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	3.7	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	1,050	...	...	650	...	...	960	...	...
One person or fewer per room	995	...	...	650	...	...	765	...	...
More than one person per room	50	...	...	0	...	...	190	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	1,050	...	...	650	...	...	960	...	...
Suitable	995	...	...	640	...	...	770	...	...
Not suitable	55	...	...	10	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	1,050	...	...	650	...	...	960	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	45	...	...	10	...	...
1961 to 1980	0	...	...	185	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	10	...	...	105	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	45	...	...	30	...	...	80	...	...
2001 to 2005	100	...	...	15	...	...	285	...	...
2006 to 2010	550	...	...	95	...	...	505	...	...
2011 to 2015	310	...	...	150	...	...	50	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	30	...	...	25	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	1,050	...	...	650	...	...	960	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,040	...	...	620	...	...	920	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...	25	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	1,050	...	...	650	...	...	960	...	...
One-maintainer household	385	...	...	475	...	...	375	...	...
Two-maintainer household	595	...	...	170	...	...	385	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	70	...	...	10	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	1,050	...	...	650	...	...	960	...	...
15 to 24 years	15	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
25 to 34 years	110	...	...	280	...	...	145	...	...
35 to 44 years	360	...	...	155	...	...	335	...	...
45 to 54 years	330	...	...	70	...	...	255	...	...
55 to 64 years	155	...	...	80	...	...	125	...	...
65 to 74 years	65	...	...	40	...	...	60	...	...
75 to 84 years	15	...	...	10	...	...	20	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,045	...	...	635	...	...	955	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	805	...	...	460	...	...	640	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	240	...	...	170	...	...	315	...	...
30% to less than 100%	220	...	...	160	...	...	305	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	1,050	...	...	650	...	...	960	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	295	...	...	190	...	...	475	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	235	...	...	155	...	...	245	...	...
Not suitable only	50	...	...	10	...	...	130	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	10	...	...	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	55	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	15	...	...	20	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	750	...	...	455	...	...	490	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	1,030	...	...	620	...	...	950	...	...
In core need	65	...	...	95	...	...	140	...	...
Not in core need	965	...	...	525	...	...	805	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	795	...	...	245	...	...	685	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	79.2	...	...	85.7	...	...	93.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.0	...	...	25.0	...	...	32.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.2	...	...	8.3	...	...	10.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,200	...	...	1,600	...	...	2,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,036	...	...	1,640	...	...	2,016	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	270,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	499,000	...	...	298,000	...	...	385,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	250	...	...	400	...	...	275	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	7.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.0	...	...	29.1	...	...	32.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.0	...	...	20.8	...	...	24.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...	1,130	...	...	1,330	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,860	...	...	1,160	...	...	1,440	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	3,530	1,770	1,760	900	425	480	3,755	1,810	1,945
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	30	20	10	15	15	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	30	20	10	15	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	25	20	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	60	30	30	25	20	10	30	10	15
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	55	30	30	25	20	10	30	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	0	15	10	0	30	10	15
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	3,440	1,715	1,720	860	395	465	3,730	1,800	1,930
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	3,535	1,770	1,760	905	430	475	3,760	1,810	1,945
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	3,085	1,580	1,510	795	380	415	2,585	1,250	1,335
Canadian citizens aged under 18	950	550	400	30	15	15	990	455	530
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,135	1,030	1,110	765	365	400	1,595	790	805
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	445	190	255	110	45	60	1,175	565	610
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	3,535	1,770	1,760	905	430	475	3,760	1,810	1,945
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,755	925	830	670	320	345	1,275	620	660
Immigrants⁸¹	1,740	820	920	205	95	115	2,165	1,040	1,130
Before 1980	120	70	55	30	15	20	40	15	25
1980 to 1990	175	85	90	30	10	20	70	45	30
1991 to 2000	385	185	205	20	10	0	240	115	125
2001 to 2010	525	225	305	40	15	25	770	390	380
2011 to 2021⁸²	525	260	270	90	45	45	1,045	470	580
2011 to 2015	380	200	180	30	10	20	555	215	340
2016 to 2021	145	60	85	55	30	25	490	255	235
Non-permanent residents⁸³	40	25	15	25	15	15	310	155	155
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,740	820	920	205	90	115	2,165	1,040	1,130
Under 5 years	170	90	85	45	15	25	210	110	100
5 to 14 years	320	155	160	45	20	30	230	105	130
15 to 24 years	275	130	140	15	0	10	445	195	250
25 to 44 years	790	365	430	85	45	40	1,000	500	495
45 years and over	180	75	110	15	10	0	290	130	160
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,740	820	920	205	90	115	2,165	1,040	1,130
Americas	190	85	105	30	10	15	40	15	30
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	15	0	15	0	0	0	15	10	10
Guyana	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	35	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	30	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	30	20	15	10	0	20	10	15
Europe	90	45	40	65	25	40	15	0	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	15	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	20	10	15	10	10	0	0	0
Africa	220	110	110	30	20	15	200	100	100
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	45	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	95	55	45	0	0	0	50	25	25
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	35	40	15	10	0	115	55	55
Asia	1,235	585	650	80	30	45	1,890	910	985
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	310	145	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	100	45	60	20	10	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	155	55	100	0	0	0	355	175	175
Viet Nam	60	35	30	0	0	0	25	15	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
India	185	95	90	10	0	10	910	430	480
Pakistan	170	75	90	10	10	0	455	225	235
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	140	85	50	20	0	15	60	35	25
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	145	60	85	55	35	25	495	255	235
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	55	30	25	25	15	10	30	15	15
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	45	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	75	30	50	15	10	10	455	235	220
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	20	15	10	0	0	0	265	140	120
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	15	10	0	95	60	35
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	3,530	1,770	1,760	905	425	475	3,755	1,815	1,945
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,790	840	945	250	110	140	2,515	1,200	1,305
Second generation¹⁰¹	995	505	490	140	70	65	960	455	500
Third generation or more¹⁰²	750	425	325	520	250	265	285	150	135
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,615	750	865	175	80	100	2,130	1,020	1,110
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	950	475	475	105	50	60	1,020	510	515
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	375	235	140	35	30	10	385	235	150
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	575	240	340	75	25	50	645	280	365
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	430	165	275	35	15	20	870	365	505
Refugees¹⁰⁸	220	110	110	30	10	15	210	120	90
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	25	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,615	750	865	175	80	100	2,130	1,020	1,110
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	80	35	45	20	10	15	75	55	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	130	50	85	0	0	0	130	45	90
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	15	10	0	0	0	10	10	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	90	50	40	25	15	0	65	45	20
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,290	600	690	125	45	85	1,835	855	985
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	3,530	1,770	1,760	905	425	475	3,755	1,810	1,945
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,540	1,230	1,310	180	85	95	3,460	1,655	1,805
South Asian	630	340	295	60	30	25	2,265	1,105	1,165
Chinese	805	380	425	40	20	20	15	15	0
Black	325	170	155	25	10	15	415	210	205
Filipino	185	65	120	0	0	0	460	210	250
Arab	90	55	30	0	0	0	20	10	10
Latin American	145	70	75	20	0	10	55	30	20
Southeast Asian	75	30	40	0	0	0	75	25	40
West Asian	45	20	25	0	0	0	105	45	65
Korean	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	35	10	25	10	0	10	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0	10	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple visible minorities	120	55	65	0	0	0	40	10	35
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	990	540	455	720	340	380	295	155	145
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	3,530	1,770	1,760	905	430	475	3,760	1,815	1,945
Canadian	310	190	125	70	35	35	165	70	100
English	205	105	95	140	90	50	150	75	80
Irish	210	105	105	155	90	65	75	35	40
Scottish	140	70	70	200	80	120	70	35	30
French, n.o.s.¹²²	105	55	50	55	10	40	75	40	40
German	185	85	100	155	65	85	50	15	35
Chinese	750	355	395	40	20	20	55	30	25
Italian	70	35	35	40	15	25	0	0	0
Indian (India)	330	185	145	10	0	0	840	390	450
Ukrainian	60	35	20	65	20	40	0	0	0
Dutch	55	15	40	40	20	25	10	0	0
Polish	65	40	30	60	10	50	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	75	40	35	55	10	50	10	10	0
Filipino	225	80	145	0	0	0	410	180	230
French Canadian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	30	15	10	30	10	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	40	20	15	15	0	10	0	0	0
Métis	25	0	20	15	15	0	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	25	0	15	20	0	15	0	0	0
Russian	45	20	15	40	20	20	15	0	10
Norwegian	10	0	0	10	0	0	15	10	0
Welsh	20	10	10	15	0	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	20	10	10	0	0	0	25	20	0
American	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	70	35	35	10	0	10	25	10	10
Swedish	15	10	0	20	0	15	10	0	10
Hungarian	20	10	10	25	10	15	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	230	110	115	15	15	0	460	225	235
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	145	70	75	0	0	0	100	50	45
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	60	30	30	0	0	0	445	225	220
Vietnamese	65	20	40	0	0	0	30	10	20
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	70	45	25	10	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	35	15	25	10	0	0	15	10	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	60	30	35	0	0	0	125	65	60
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Korean	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	15
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	175	165
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindu	45	30	15	0	0	0	100	45	60
Mexican	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	50	15	35	15	0	10	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	15
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	20	10	10	0	0	0	90	45	45
Egyptian	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	30	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	50	40	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	15	0	10	0	0	0	25	20	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	45	30	15	0	0	0	35	10	20
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albertan	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Guatemalan	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	40	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Buddhist	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	20
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	3,530	1,770	1,760	900	425	475	3,755	1,810	1,945
Buddhist	110	40	70	20	0	15	20	0	15
Christian	1,320	650	670	265	95	175	1,010	470	540
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	450	220	235	55	20	35	150	65	85
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	25	15	10	20	0	15	0	0	0
Baptist	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catholic	540	255	285	145	50	90	715	325	390
Christian Orthodox	90	55	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35
Presbyterian	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	25	10	15	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	80	45	40	0	0	0	30	10	20
Hindu	180	100	80	10	10	0	310	155	155
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	470	245	220	45	35	10	885	435	455
Sikh	105	60	50	0	0	0	1,185	570	615
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	25	10	15	15	0	10	35	20	15
No religion and secular perspectives	1,325	665	660	540	275	265	305	155	150
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	3,510	1,765	1,745	895	420	480	3,695	1,795	1,900
Non-movers	3,255	1,645	1,610	660	315	350	3,130	1,515	1,610
Movers	255	120	135	230	110	125	570	285	285
Non-migrants	185	80	100	180	80	100	295	150	150
Migrants	70	35	35	50	30	25	270	135	140
Internal migrants	70	35	35	20	10	10	145	70	75
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Interprovincial migrants	65	35	35	20	10	10	110	55	55
External migrants	0	0	0	35	15	15	130	65	65
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	3,335	1,660	1,675	890	415	475	3,430	1,675	1,755
Non-movers	2,300	1,140	1,160	290	120	170	1,810	905	910
Movers	1,035	525	515	600	295	305	1,615	775	850
Non-migrants	730	375	355	370	175	190	715	370	345
Migrants	310	150	160	225	120	115	900	400	500
Internal migrants	220	115	105	170	90	80	260	130	120
Intraprovincial migrants	45	35	10	85	50	40	145	75	75
Interprovincial migrants	180	85	95	80	35	45	105	60	50
External migrants	90	35	50	60	30	35	650	270	380
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,675	1,270	1,395	860	405	450	2,775	1,340	1,435
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	395	170	230	50	40	15	500	255	250
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,280	1,105	1,175	805	365	440	2,275	1,090	1,185
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,950	945	1,010	745	350	395	2,000	975	1,025
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	180	75	95	35	25	15	255	130	130
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,780	865	910	710	325	385	1,740	845	900
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,670	1,275	1,400	860	405	450	2,775	1,340	1,435
No certificate, diploma or degree	345	155	190	55	40	15	485	245	240
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	710	390	320	170	95	70	740	390	355
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,615	735	885	640	270	370	1,550	710	840
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	740	310	435	175	75	100	550	265	290
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	130	75	55	20	15	0	85	50	35
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	10	25	10	10	0	30	10	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	95	65	35	15	10	0	60	40	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	465	180	290	120	50	70	390	180	210
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	140	55	85	35	10	25	75	35	40
Bachelor's degree or higher	880	425	450	455	190	270	1,000	440	550
Bachelor's degree	605	285	325	350	140	210	670	295	375
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	35	15	25	0	0	0	45	20	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	0	15	0	0	0	20	10	15
Master's degree	205	115	90	85	40	50	260	120	140
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	15	0	20	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,955	945	1,010	745	345	395	1,995	975	1,020
No certificate, diploma or degree	125	65	60	35	20	10	235	120	115
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	405	230	175	115	75	45	470	250	220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,425	655	775	590	250	340	1,290	605	685
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	625	260	365	160	75	90	405	200	210
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	125	70	55	25	20	0	80	45	30
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	15	25	10	10	0	25	10	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	90	60	30	15	15	0	50	40	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	370	130	240	110	45	65	260	125	135
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	125	60	70	25	0	20	70	30	40
Bachelor's degree or higher	800	390	405	435	180	255	880	400	475
Bachelor's degree	535	250	285	335	140	195	595	270	325
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	40	15	25	0	0	0	30	15	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	10	0	0	0	25	10	15
Master's degree	205	115	85	75	30	45	240	115	125
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	10	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	2,675	1,275	1,400	860	410	455	2,780	1,345	1,430
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,060	540	515	220	140	85	1,225	635	590
Education	80	15	60	45	0	45	40	0	40
13. Education	80	15	60	45	0	45	40	0	40
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	15	10	40	25	15	35	15	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	15	0	35	25	15	25	15	10
Humanities	65	40	25	45	20	25	135	35	100
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	10	10	15	0	15	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	0	10	15	0	10	110	30	80
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	190	65	125	75	25	55	130	40	90
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	15	0	0	0	25	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	35	0	30	0	0	0	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	30	0	30	20	0	15	20	0	15
45. Social sciences	85	45	40	35	0	30	70	20	45
Business, management and public administration	410	115	295	185	75	110	425	195	230
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	20	0	20	15	0	15	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	390	115	270	170	70	100	415	195	225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	75	35	40	45	20	20	95	55	40
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	10	0	15	0	10	40	25	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10	10	0	0	30	15	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	50	25	20	20	10	10	25	15	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	100	75	25	15	10	0	185	110	75
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	75	65	10	15	10	0	160	100	60
25. Library science	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	355	295	60	95	80	20	205	170	35
04. Architecture and related services	35	20	15	10	0	10	0	0	0
14. Engineering	150	130	20	45	35	10	120	90	30
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	90	75	15	25	25	0	50	45	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	40	30	10	15	15	0	15	15	0
48. Precision production	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	25	0	20	10	0	10	45	15	30
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	0	10	0	0	0	30	15	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Health and related fields	225	45	180	70	20	50	200	40	160
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	30	10	25	15	0	15	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	195	35	155	50	10	40	185	30	160
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	75	25	50	10	0	10	55	20	35
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	50	10	40	10	0	10	35	0	25
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	0	0	0	20	15	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,955	945	1,010	740	350	400	2,000	975	1,025
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	530	295	240	150	95	55	705	370	340
Education	70	15	50	30	0	30	40	0	35
13. Education	70	15	50	30	0	30	40	0	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	15	10	40	25	15	35	20	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	15	0	35	20	15	25	15	10
Humanities	55	30	25	40	20	20	125	35	90
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	10	10	10	0	10	20	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	15	0	10	95	25	70
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	160	60	100	75	25	55	105	35	75
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	30	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	25	0	25	20	10	10	15	0	10
45. Social sciences	70	40	30	35	10	30	60	15	40
Business, management and public administration	380	110	275	170	65	105	320	150	170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	20	0	20	15	0	10	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	360	110	255	155	60	95	320	150	170
Physical and life sciences and technologies	65	30	35	40	20	25	75	50	30
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	10	0	15	10	10	40	25	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10	10	0	0	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	40	20	20	15	0	10	20	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	85	60	25	0	0	0	155	85	70
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	65	55	10	0	0	0	140	80	55
25. Library science	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	320	265	55	95	80	20	190	160	30
04. Architecture and related services	35	20	15	10	0	10	0	0	0
14. Engineering	140	120	15	45	30	10	110	85	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	70	60	15	25	25	0	50	45	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	35	25	10	15	15	0	15	15	0
48. Precision production	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	20	0	15	10	0	10	30	15	15
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	185	40	145	70	20	50	170	35	135
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	20	10	15	15	0	10	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	160	35	125	50	10	40	165	30	135
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	70	25	50	10	0	10	45	15	20
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	50	10	40	10	0	10	30	0	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	1,955	945	1,010	740	350	400	2,000	975	1,025
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	530	295	240	150	95	55	705	370	340
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,425	650	770	595	255	345	1,290	605	685
Location of study inside Canada	905	410	495	520	225	290	415	210	210
Same as province or territory of residence	690	290	395	370	160	205	325	140	190
Different than province or territory of residence	210	115	100	145	65	85	90	70	20
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	520	245	275	75	20	50	870	395	480
Americas	70	30	35	15	0	10	10	10	0
United States of America	15	10	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Europe	70	55	10	30	0	25	15	15	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	30	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	45	15	30	20	15	10	40	20	20
Nigeria	30	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	10	0	0	0	30	10	15
Asia	320	130	190	10	0	10	800	345	450
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	75	30	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	55	25	30	0	0	0	200	90	115
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	70	25	40	0	0	0	405	175	235
Pakistan	35	15	20	0	0	0	155	65	95
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oceania	15	0	10	0	0	0	10	10	0
Australia	15	0	10	0	0	0	10	10	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	2,670	1,275	1,400	860	405	450	2,775	1,340	1,435
In the labour force	1,960	980	985	740	355	385	2,025	1,045	975
Employed	1,655	835	815	635	290	340	1,780	945	835
Unemployed	310	140	165	110	60	45	235	100	140
Not in the labour force	710	295	410	120	50	65	755	295	455
Participation rate	73.4	76.9	70.4	86.0	87.7	85.6	73.0	78.0	67.9
Employment rate	62.0	65.5	58.2	73.8	71.6	75.6	64.1	70.5	58.2
Unemployment rate	15.8	14.3	16.8	14.9	16.9	11.7	11.6	9.6	14.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	2,675	1,275	1,400	860	410	455	2,780	1,345	1,430
Did not work¹⁸⁶	800	330	475	140	70	70	935	380	550
Worked	1,875	950	925	720	335	385	1,840	955	880
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	970	535	435	460	200	260	885	520	365
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	905	415	490	260	140	120	950	440	515
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.5	40.4	38.5	44.1	42.7	45.3	39.4	40.7	38.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	1,960	975	985	740	350	385	2,020	1,045	975
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	100	40	60	20	10	10	90	30	55
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	1,865	940	925	725	345	380	1,930	1,020	915
Employee	1,555	740	815	650	300	350	1,665	820	840
Permanent position	1,290	625	670	515	235	285	1,375	670	705
Temporary position	260	115	145	130	65	65	285	150	135
Fixed term (1 year or more)	80	35	45	60	20	40	100	55	50
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	185	75	105	70	45	25	190	100	85
Self-employed¹⁹²	310	200	110	70	45	30	270	195	75
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	1,960	975	985	740	350	385	2,020	1,045	975
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	100	40	60	20	10	10	90	30	55
All occupations¹⁹¹	1,865	940	925	725	345	380	1,930	1,020	915
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	20	20	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	390	120	270	175	70	110	260	85	180
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	250	190	60	100	70	35	165	125	35
3 Health occupations	165	40	120	80	30	55	125	25	100
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	195	50	140	90	15	75	110	20	90
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	45	25	20	25	10	15	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	415	170	240	160	85	70	705	320	390
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	320	275	40	55	50	10	470	400	70
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10	10	0	10	10	0	15	0	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	55	35	20	10	0	10	75	35	40
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	1,960	975	985	740	350	385	2,020	1,045	975
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	100	40	60	20	10	10	90	30	55
All industries¹⁹¹	1,865	940	925	725	345	380	1,930	1,020	915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	90	50	45	60	30	35	10	0	0
22 Utilities	25	15	15	10	0	0	10	10	0
23 Construction	155	140	20	40	35	10	115	105	10
31-33 Manufacturing	55	45	15	25	20	0	90	50	45
41 Wholesale trade	85	55	30	30	15	15	75	40	35
44-45 Retail trade	180	75	105	60	35	30	315	160	155
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	160	125	40	15	0	10	315	235	80
51 Information and cultural industries	40	30	10	20	10	10	45	35	0
52 Finance and insurance	105	25	80	40	15	25	25	0	25
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	50	15	30	20	20	0	30	30	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	195	115	80	75	40	35	145	80	65
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	55	15	35	50	30	25	160	75	85
61 Educational services	125	40	85	60	10	50	60	35	25
62 Health care and social assistance	230	35	195	95	40	60	205	30	170
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	55	30	25	20	0	15	10	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	85	45	40	35	10	20	225	95	135
81 Other services (except public administration)	85	25	55	25	0	25	75	20	55
91 Public administration	85	55	30	30	20	10	10	10	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	2,025	1,025	1,000	735	350	385	2,050	1,085	960
English	1,835	940	895	710	335	370	1,665	875	790
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-official language	25	10	15	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15	0	0	0	10	10	0
English and French	15	10	10	10	0	0	15	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	145	60	85	15	0	15	335	185	150
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	2,025	1,025	1,000	735	350	385	2,050	1,085	960
Single responses	2,000	1,005	995	730	345	385	1,900	990	910
Official languages	1,925	975	955	725	340	385	1,805	935	870
English	1,925	975	955	725	340	385	1,805	935	870
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-official languages	70	30	40	0	0	0	90	55	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	30	40	0	0	0	90	55	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	0	15	0	0	0	90	55	35
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	90	55	35
Indo-Aryan languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	90	55	35
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	15
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	20	0	10	0	0	150	95	55
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0	0	0	145	90	55
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	2,025	1,025	1,000	735	350	385	2,050	1,085	960
None	1,880	965	910	720	345	375	1,820	985	835
English	45	25	20	0	0	0	60	35	25
French	15	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-official language	55	15	35	15	0	15	125	45	75
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	55	15	35	15	0	15	125	45	75
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	30	15	20
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	1,655	830	815	630	290	340	1,785	950	835
Worked at home	500	215	285	275	110	165	215	95	120
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	230	190	40	60	45	20	415	305	110
Usual place of work	915	425	495	295	135	160	1,150	545	600
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	915	425	490	295	135	160	1,150	545	600
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	840	370	470	275	130	145	985	445	545
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	50	30	15	10	0	10	145	85	55
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15	15	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	1,145	610	530	355	180	175	1,560	850	715
Car, truck or van	1,035	545	490	290	145	145	1,260	765	500
Car, truck or van - as a driver	975	530	440	285	145	145	1,140	755	385
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	60	20	45	10	0	0	125	15	110
Public transit	65	40	25	30	15	15	270	75	200
Walked	0	0	0	20	15	10	10	0	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other method	35	20	15	0	0	0	15	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	1,145	610	530	355	180	175	1,560	850	715
Less than 15 minutes	190	95	100	100	45	55	155	90	65
15 to 29 minutes	570	280	290	185	100	85	780	440	340
30 to 44 minutes	260	160	95	65	25	40	335	200	135
45 to 59 minutes	70	45	25	0	0	0	130	50	80
60 minutes and over	65	35	25	0	0	0	155	75	85
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	1,145	610	530	355	180	175	1,560	850	715
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	95	70	20	10	10	0	95	65	25
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	160	110	55	70	40	30	235	130	105
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	295	145	150	130	60	75	300	165	130
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	195	90	110	70	30	40	205	105	100
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	225	110	120	35	30	10	330	170	155
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	175	90	85	40	10	25	395	210	190
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,065	540	520	75	40	40	1,145	575	570
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35	20	20	10	5	0	50	25	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,030	530	505	70	35	35	1,095	550	550
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	845	430	420	40	20	25	805	410	390
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	10	15	5	0	0	35	25	15
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	15	5	10	0	0	0	20	10	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	5	5	0	0	0	20	15	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	820	415	405	35	15	20	765	395	375

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...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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