Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48062520More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48061100More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48062509More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	6,647	...	...	352	...	...	5,568	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	2,700	...	...	102	...	...	1,945	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	2,501	...	...	96	...	...	1,878	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	8,545.9	...	...	7,140.0	...	...	2,084.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.78	...	...	0.05	...	...	2.67	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	6,645	3,315	3,330	350	175	180	5,570	2,705	2,860
0 to 14 years	1,520	790	730	60	35	30	1,360	710	655
0 to 4 years	680	345	335	25	10	20	325	160	160
5 to 9 years	520	275	240	10	10	5	530	280	250
10 to 14 years	325	170	150	20	10	5	510	270	240
15 to 64 years	4,845	2,395	2,450	250	125	130	3,805	1,835	1,970
15 to 19 years	285	140	140	30	15	15	400	200	195
20 to 24 years	460	210	245	25	15	10	220	100	115
25 to 29 years	730	340	395	25	10	15	215	100	110
30 to 34 years	1,045	515	525	30	15	15	380	165	215
35 to 39 years	805	405	395	20	15	5	470	210	255
40 to 44 years	540	285	255	20	10	10	620	285	325
45 to 49 years	345	190	155	25	10	15	570	270	300
50 to 54 years	225	125	100	15	5	10	475	245	225
55 to 59 years	220	95	130	30	15	15	285	150	135
60 to 64 years	185	80	105	35	15	20	180	100	85
65 years and over	280	130	145	40	20	20	405	160	240
65 to 69 years	130	60	65	20	10	10	125	60	65
70 to 74 years	75	30	40	15	5	10	75	30	45
75 to 79 years	45	25	20	5	0	5	50	20	25
80 to 84 years	25	10	15	0	0	0	70	20	50
85 years and over	10	5	5	0	0	0	95	35	60
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	0	0	0	40	20	20
90 to 94 years	0	5	0	0	0	0	45	5	40
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.9	23.8	21.9	17.1	20.0	16.7	24.4	26.2	22.9
15 to 64 years	72.9	72.2	73.6	71.4	71.4	72.2	68.3	67.8	68.9
65 years and over	4.2	3.9	4.4	11.4	11.4	11.1	7.3	5.9	8.4
85 years and over	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.7	1.3	2.1
Average age of the population	30.8	30.5	31.1	37.4	36.4	38.6	35.1	34.3	35.9
Median age of the population	31.6	31.6	31.4	36.0	34.4	38.0	37.6	36.8	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	2,500	...	...	95	...	...	1,880	...	...
Single-detached house	485	...	...	95	...	...	1,240	...	...
Semi-detached house	165	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	295	...	...	0	...	...	320	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	30	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,530	...	...	0	...	...	310	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	2,500	...	...	95	...	...	1,880	...	...
1 person	595	...	...	10	...	...	365	...	...
2 persons	780	...	...	25	...	...	470	...	...
3 persons	465	...	...	15	...	...	355	...	...
4 persons	375	...	...	25	...	...	455	...	...
5 or more persons	285	...	...	25	...	...	235	...	...
Number of persons in private households	6,645	3,320	3,325	350	175	175	5,445	2,670	2,780
Average household size	2.7	...	...	3.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	5,120	2,525	2,595	290	140	150	4,205	2,000	2,210
Married or living common-law	3,155	1,580	1,570	170	85	90	2,795	1,385	1,410
Married	2,695	1,355	1,340	165	80	85	2,530	1,250	1,280
Living common-law	455	225	230	5	5	5	265	135	130
Living common law - Never married	380	185	200	5	5	5	210	105	100
Living common law - Separated	20	10	5	0	0	0	5	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	55	30	25	0	0	0	50	25	25
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	1,970	945	1,025	120	55	65	1,415	610	805
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,475	770	705	95	50	40	990	490	505
Not married and not living common law - Separated	150	60	85	0	0	5	75	30	45
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	255	105	155	10	5	10	185	60	125
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	90	15	80	10	5	10	160	30	130
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	1,830	...	...	100	...	...	1,520	...	...
2 persons	785	...	...	40	...	...	495	...	...
3 persons	505	...	...	20	...	...	370	...	...
4 persons	385	...	...	25	...	...	475	...	...
5 or more persons	155	...	...	10	...	...	180	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	1,830	...	...	95	...	...	1,520	...	...
Total couple families	1,505	...	...	85	...	...	1,355	...	...
Married couples	1,280	...	...	75	...	...	1,220	...	...
With children⁶	870	...	...	45	...	...	925	...	...
Without children	410	...	...	30	...	...	300	...	...
Common-law couples	225	...	...	5	...	...	135	...	...
With children⁶	65	...	...	5	...	...	30	...	...
Without children	165	...	...	0	...	...	100	...	...
Total one-parent families	330	...	...	10	...	...	165	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	265	...	...	10	...	...	125	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	60	...	...	0	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	6,645	3,315	3,325	355	175	175	5,445	2,670	2,780
Total - Persons in census families	5,455	2,675	2,775	300	150	150	4,925	2,460	2,465
Married spouses or common-law partners	3,010	1,505	1,500	165	80	85	2,710	1,360	1,350
Parents in one-parent families	325	60	265	15	5	15	165	35	130
Children⁶	2,120	1,110	1,005	125	65	55	2,050	1,060	985
In a two-parent family	1,645	870	775	95	55	45	1,800	950	855
In a one-parent family	475	240	235	30	15	15	250	115	135
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,195	640	550	50	20	25	525	210	310
Living alone	590	330	265	5	5	5	360	155	210
Living with other relatives⁷	280	120	160	20	10	10	95	25	70
Living with non-relatives only	315	190	125	25	10	10	60	25	35
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	2,500	...	...	95	...	...	1,880	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	1,480	...	...	55	...	...	1,365	...	...
Couple-family households	1,230	...	...	55	...	...	1,220	...	...
With children⁶	760	...	...	35	...	...	865	...	...
Without children	475	...	...	20	...	...	355	...	...
One-parent-family households	245	...	...	5	...	...	145	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	110	...	...	10	...	...	65	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	125	...	...	15	...	...	40	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	165	...	...	5	...	...	35	...	...
One-person households	590	...	...	5	...	...	360	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	5,120	2,525	2,595	290	140	150	4,090	1,965	2,125
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,870	2,410	2,460	270	130	140	3,840	1,855	1,990
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	47,200	38,000	29,200	31,600	27,800	61,200	89,000	48,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,870	2,410	2,460	270	130	140	3,840	1,855	1,990
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,000	35,200	27,800	28,800	26,400	53,200	71,000	43,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,420	2,275	2,145	220	110	110	3,615	1,765	1,850
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,000	29,800	22,600	31,400	20,600	63,200	93,000	46,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,175	2,155	2,015	200	100	100	3,025	1,520	1,505
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,000	30,600	22,600	31,000	20,000	72,000	99,000	55,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,450	2,165	2,290	245	115	120	3,070	1,460	1,615
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,100	4,000	9,300	10,400	6,850	11,900	2,860	1,160	4,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	890	390	500	45	20	25	305	125	180
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,640	6,200	6,280	6,400	5,240	5,760	5,640	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,100	1,005	1,095	120	60	65	1,070	490	575
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	9,000	9,500	8,000	8,000	9,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	5,075	2,535	2,535	300	140	155	4,135	1,970	2,165
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,850	2,415	2,440	275	125	150	3,850	1,865	1,980
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,720	51,350	42,120	38,000	37,500	38,500	98,700	125,600	73,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,850	2,415	2,440	275	125	150	3,850	1,865	1,980
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	44,000	37,440	34,000	33,000	35,000	73,400	90,200	57,500
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,410	2,305	2,105	215	100	115	3,665	1,780	1,880
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,720	46,600	36,440	34,400	37,000	32,000	98,000	127,300	70,300
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,160	2,165	1,985	200	100	105	3,035	1,500	1,535
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,320	45,640	36,600	31,800	35,000	28,800	97,600	122,400	73,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,425	2,170	2,255	240	110	130	3,095	1,465	1,630
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,630	7,590	11,600	12,900	9,400	15,800	6,760	5,390	7,990
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	905	405	500	40	0	30	255	115	140
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,120	6,220	7,840	8,000	...	8,500	6,120	5,400	6,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,145	1,030	1,115	140	80	60	1,030	470	565
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,290	8,980	9,560	8,400	7,800	9,200	9,340	9,480	9,240
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	5,075	2,535	2,535	305	140	160	4,135	1,975	2,160
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,880	1,005	875	95	50	50	1,600	880	720
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	58,000	50,000	47,200	54,000	38,800	107,000	126,000	94,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,000	60,300	53,200	45,000	50,000	42,000	136,400	161,200	106,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,815	940	875	85	50	35	1,100	470	630
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	28,600	20,200	10,300	10,300	7,950	29,800	33,600	28,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,320	33,700	24,560	21,200	22,000	20,000	54,900	66,400	46,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.2	86.6	74.6	71.0	78.0	64.0	94.4	96.6	91.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	75.8	80.0	70.8	61.0	72.0	52.0	78.0	78.4	77.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.8	13.3	25.4	29.2	21.0	36.0	5.5	3.4	9.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.8	2.0	3.8	3.2	x	4.5	0.4	0.3	0.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.6	8.0	11.6	12.4	13.6	11.6	2.8	2.0	4.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	8.8	7.5	10.4	11.2	13.0	10.0	2.5	1.9	3.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	5,120	2,530	2,595	290	140	150	4,085	1,960	2,130
Without total income	250	115	135	15	10	10	250	105	140
With total income	4,870	2,410	2,455	275	130	140	3,840	1,850	1,985
Under $10,000 (including loss)	355	130	220	35	15	20	490	190	295
$10,000 to $19,999	425	170	260	40	15	20	300	125	175
$20,000 to $29,999	695	305	395	65	30	35	355	145	210
$30,000 to $39,999	795	350	445	35	5	25	280	110	170
$40,000 to $49,999	680	330	350	30	15	15	255	90	170
$50,000 to $59,999	545	275	270	20	10	5	215	95	120
$60,000 to $69,999	460	260	205	15	10	5	175	60	115
$70,000 to $79,999	315	200	110	15	10	0	170	75	100
$80,000 to $89,999	215	135	80	0	0	0	135	45	90
$90,000 to $99,999	145	100	50	5	5	0	140	60	85
$100,000 and over	235	170	65	10	5	0	1,315	855	455
$100,000 to $149,999	210	145	65	10	5	0	590	310	280
$150,000 and over	20	25	0	0	0	0	730	545	180
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	5,120	2,530	2,595	290	140	150	4,085	1,960	2,130
Without after-tax income	250	115	135	15	10	10	250	105	140
With after-tax income	4,870	2,410	2,455	275	130	140	3,840	1,850	1,985
Under $10,000 (including loss)	355	130	220	35	15	20	510	205	305
$10,000 to $19,999	445	175	270	40	15	20	300	125	175
$20,000 to $29,999	840	375	465	80	35	45	410	165	240
$30,000 to $39,999	955	440	515	30	10	20	325	125	205
$40,000 to $49,999	775	385	390	35	15	20	300	120	180
$50,000 to $59,999	625	350	275	20	15	10	240	95	150
$60,000 to $69,999	380	225	155	10	10	0	225	90	140
$70,000 to $79,999	230	145	80	10	5	0	180	70	110
$80,000 to $89,999	130	85	50	5	5	0	215	95	120
$90,000 to $99,999	60	40	25	0	0	0	170	85	85
$100,000 and over	75	55	15	0	0	0	955	685	275
$100,000 to $124,999	65	45	20	0	0	0	330	210	125
$125,000 and over	15	10	0	0	0	0	625	475	155
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	5,120	2,530	2,595	290	140	150	4,085	1,960	2,130
Without employment income	950	370	580	90	40	50	1,065	440	625
With employment income	4,175	2,160	2,020	200	105	95	3,020	1,520	1,500
Under $5,000 (including loss)	360	150	205	35	15	15	280	120	160
$5,000 to $9,999	350	125	220	25	15	15	190	80	115
$10,000 to $19,999	510	225	285	30	10	20	245	100	145
$20,000 to $29,999	505	225	275	30	15	20	160	65	95
$30,000 to $39,999	480	245	230	20	15	5	145	60	90
$40,000 to $49,999	455	225	230	15	10	5	165	65	105
$50,000 to $59,999	440	240	205	10	10	5	145	55	85
$60,000 to $69,999	335	200	135	15	10	5	145	55	95
$70,000 to $79,999	250	160	85	5	5	0	130	50	80
$80,000 to $89,999	190	135	55	0	0	0	130	55	80
$90,000 to $99,999	120	80	40	5	5	0	130	55	70
$100,000 and over	185	140	50	0	0	0	1,145	755	390
$100,000 to $124,999	125	90	35	0	0	0	320	140	180
$125,000 and over	65	50	20	0	0	0	825	615	215
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	5,120	2,525	2,595	290	140	150	4,090	1,965	2,125
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,740	2,345	2,395	255	120	135	3,705	1,770	1,935
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,400	34,000	29,200	36,000	24,400	64,500	95,000	49,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,740	2,340	2,395	255	120	135	3,710	1,770	1,940
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,800	31,400	28,000	32,400	24,400	55,600	77,500	44,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,290	2,200	2,095	215	110	110	3,510	1,705	1,810
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,400	32,400	28,000	35,200	23,600	66,500	99,000	50,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,075	2,100	1,980	200	105	95	3,040	1,515	1,525
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,000	33,200	27,800	35,200	21,000	72,000	101,000	54,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,230	2,040	2,190	225	110	115	2,825	1,355	1,470
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,040	900	2,100	1,560	1,030	4,360	890	890	1,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	505	210	295	30	10	15	205	65	135
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,550	6,160	8,500	6,900	x	x	6,800	5,440	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	5,075	2,535	2,535	300	140	155	4,135	1,970	2,165
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,665	2,320	2,345	255	120	140	3,720	1,770	1,955
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,440	45,720	37,240	40,400	41,000	39,500	98,100	130,600	68,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,665	2,320	2,345	255	120	140	3,730	1,775	1,955
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,320	39,360	33,280	35,600	35,500	36,000	73,900	94,800	54,850
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,235	2,165	2,065	225	110	115	3,550	1,710	1,845
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,400	46,400	36,200	38,000	42,000	34,500	99,900	133,600	68,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,000	2,055	1,945	210	100	110	3,045	1,480	1,565
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,920	46,480	37,120	34,400	39,000	30,400	101,300	134,800	69,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,165	2,065	2,105	235	105	130	2,865	1,370	1,495
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,340	2,664	5,985	7,250	2,840	10,800	3,464	2,126	4,696
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	495	215	280	25	0	20	200	60	135
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,720	7,550	9,600	10,000	...	10,000	10,800	8,800	11,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	5,075	2,535	2,535	305	140	160	4,135	1,975	2,160
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,830	970	860	95	50	50	1,610	885	725
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	54,000	48,400	44,000	43,600	44,000	105,000	124,000	86,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	53,200	57,300	48,500	45,000	46,000	44,000	133,800	160,000	101,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,630	850	785	90	50	40	1,025	440	590
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	34,000	27,000	20,400	20,400	17,200	40,400	47,600	34,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,120	38,400	29,500	28,000	32,000	22,000	66,600	96,800	44,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.6	94.8	85.6	84.0	92.0	74.0	97.2	98.8	94.8
Employment income (%)	86.8	90.0	82.8	69.0	78.0	60.0	84.4	86.2	81.4
Government transfers (%)	9.4	5.2	14.4	16.8	6.2	26.0	2.7	1.3	5.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	1.5	3.1	2.4	x	3.0	0.6	0.2	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	2,500	...	...	95	...	...	1,880	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	87,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	590	...	...	5	...	...	360	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	x	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	x	...	...	59,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	1,905	...	...	90	...	...	1,515	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	186,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	153,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	2,505	...	...	90	...	...	1,895	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,600	...	...	118,000	...	...	200,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,900	...	...	104,000	...	...	148,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	640	...	...	0	...	...	365	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,400	...	...	...	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	...	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	1,865	...	...	85	...	...	1,530	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	122,000	...	...	220,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,800	...	...	110,000	...	...	163,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	2,500	...	...	95	...	...	1,880	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	0	...	...	40	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	45	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	50	...	...	0	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	55	...	...	0	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	80	...	...	5	...	...	35	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	95	...	...	0	...	...	35	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	90	...	...	0	...	...	35	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	190	...	...	5	...	...	75	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	245	...	...	10	...	...	70	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	255	...	...	5	...	...	70	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	210	...	...	10	...	...	45	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	220	...	...	5	...	...	65	...	...
$100,000 and over	905	...	...	45	...	...	1,300	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	390	...	...	15	...	...	145	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	245	...	...	15	...	...	145	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	195	...	...	10	...	...	260	...	...
$200,000 and over	80	...	...	5	...	...	745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	2,500	...	...	95	...	...	1,880	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	0	...	...	40	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	20	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	50	...	...	0	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	70	...	...	0	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	55	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	110	...	...	5	...	...	45	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	100	...	...	0	...	...	45	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	115	...	...	5	...	...	35	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	275	...	...	10	...	...	95	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	320	...	...	5	...	...	75	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	265	...	...	5	...	...	70	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	245	...	...	10	...	...	85	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	195	...	...	0	...	...	85	...	...
$100,000 and over	640	...	...	45	...	...	1,180	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	340	...	...	20	...	...	200	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	170	...	...	15	...	...	180	...	...
$150,000 and over	130	...	...	10	...	...	795	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	1,800	...	...	90	...	...	1,495	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	188,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	153,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.6	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	490	...	...	20	...	...	365	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	75,500	...	...	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	70,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	925	...	...	55	...	...	950	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	218,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	174,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	295	...	...	10	...	...	155	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	x	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	x	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	4.4	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	910	515	395	30	10	15	420	175	245
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,600	54,400	45,200	23,800	x	x	65,500	85,000	58,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	46,800	40,000	22,800	x	x	55,200	70,500	50,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	1,775	...	...	90	...	...	1,510	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,900	...	...	112,000	...	...	220,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,700	...	...	100,000	...	...	163,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	520	...	...	20	...	...	330	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,400	...	...	95,000	...	...	187,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,400	...	...	80,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	895	...	...	50	...	...	1,005	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,800	...	...	124,000	...	...	247,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	97,600	...	...	112,000	...	...	180,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	290	...	...	0	...	...	155	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	...	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	x	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	930	530	395	0	0	0	450	180	270
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,400	55,000	51,200	x	...	...	106,000	158,000	71,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,300	46,600	43,800	x	...	...	80,800	113,000	59,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	6,645	3,320	3,330	350	170	180	5,445	2,670	2,775
0 to 17 years	1,690	875	815	75	40	40	1,605	840	765
0 to 5 years	810	415	395	35	15	15	400	200	200
18 to 64 years	4,675	2,315	2,360	235	115	120	3,555	1,700	1,855
65 years and over	280	130	150	40	20	20	290	130	160
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	585	280	305	40	20	20	445	200	245
0 to 17 years	200	105	90	10	10	10	145	75	70
0 to 5 years	100	50	50	5	5	5	35	20	15
18 to 64 years	360	160	195	25	10	15	260	110	155
65 years and over	30	15	15	0	0	0	40	10	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.8	8.4	9.2	11.0	10.0	12.0	8.2	7.6	8.9
0 to 17 years (%)	11.9	12.4	11.4	16.0	16.0	16.0	9.2	9.2	9.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.6	12.8	12.4	25.0	30.0	x	9.0	9.0	8.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	6.8	8.4	11.0	9.0	12.0	7.4	6.5	8.2
65 years and over (%)	10.0	10.0	10.0	x	x	x	13.0	10.0	15.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	6,645	3,315	3,325	355	175	175	5,445	2,670	2,780
0 to 17 years	1,695	875	815	75	40	35	1,600	840	765
0 to 5 years	810	415	400	30	15	20	395	205	195
18 to 64 years	4,675	2,310	2,365	235	120	120	3,550	1,700	1,855
65 years and over	280	130	145	40	15	20	290	130	160
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	325	160	160	35	15	15	300	140	165
0 to 17 years	85	45	45	5	5	5	100	50	50
0 to 5 years	45	25	25	5	5	5	25	10	10
18 to 64 years	225	110	115	30	15	15	175	75	95
65 years and over	10	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.9	4.9	4.8	11.0	10.0	10.0	5.5	5.2	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	5.1	5.2	5.0	x	x	x	6.2	6.0	6.4
0 to 5 years (%)	5.8	5.6	6.0	x	x	x	5.6	6.0	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9	4.9	4.9	12.0	12.0	12.0	5.0	4.6	5.3
65 years and over (%)	3.0	3.0	3.0	x	x	x	8.5	8.0	9.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	6,645	3,320	3,330	350	175	180	5,445	2,670	2,775
In bottom half of the distribution	3,995	1,960	2,035	220	105	115	1,305	610	700
In bottom decile	520	260	265	45	20	25	390	175	210
In second decile	680	335	350	45	20	25	255	130	130
In third decile	870	425	445	35	15	15	215	90	125
In fourth decile	965	455	510	40	25	15	225	110	120
In fifth decile	950	480	470	55	30	30	215	105	115
In top half of the distribution	2,655	1,360	1,295	135	70	65	4,140	2,065	2,080
In sixth decile	810	405	410	45	25	20	335	160	175
In seventh decile	785	395	390	50	30	25	380	180	205
In eighth decile	510	275	230	20	10	10	485	245	240
In ninth decile	395	200	195	15	5	5	905	435	470
In top decile	150	80	65	0	0	0	2,035	1,045	990
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	6,645	...	...	355	...	...	5,445	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.246	...	...	0.244	...	...	0.371	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.350	...	...	0.396	...	...	0.412	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.222	...	...	0.222	...	...	0.327	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	5.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	6,650	3,320	3,330	355	175	175	5,565	2,705	2,865
English only	6,070	3,055	3,015	325	165	160	5,005	2,450	2,550
French only	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	325	160	160	15	5	5	425	205	225
Neither English nor French	240	90	145	15	5	15	130	45	85
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	6,650	3,320	3,330	355	175	175	5,565	2,705	2,865
English	6,265	3,150	3,120	330	170	160	5,350	2,615	2,735
French	105	60	45	5	0	0	50	25	25
English and French	45	25	20	0	0	0	40	20	25
Neither English nor French	230	90	145	15	5	10	125	45	85
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	6,650	3,320	3,330	355	175	175	5,565	2,705	2,865
Single responses	5,900	2,950	2,950	340	170	170	5,280	2,575	2,705
Official languages	2,890	1,440	1,445	155	80	75	3,260	1,615	1,645
English	2,800	1,395	1,405	155	80	75	3,220	1,600	1,615
French	90	45	40	0	0	0	40	20	25
Non-official languages	3,015	1,505	1,505	185	85	95	2,020	960	1,060
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,010	1,500	1,505	185	85	95	2,020	955	1,060
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	80	80	5	5	5	100	45	55
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	45	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	115	60	55	5	5	5	100	45	55
Amharic	40	15	20	5	5	5	5	0	0
Arabic	75	40	35	0	0	0	90	40	45
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	5	0	0	65	30	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	15	20	5	0	0	65	30	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	605	275	330	40	15	15	90	35	60
Bikol	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ilocano	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	495	225	270	35	20	15	85	30	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	110	55	55	5	0	0	20	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Malayalam	50	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	40	20	20	0	0	0	5	5	5
Telugu	15	10	5	0	0	0	15	10	5
Tulu	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,845	955	890	125	60	65	790	390	405
Albanian	5	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	20	0	5	5	150	65	80
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40	20	20	0	5	5	145	70	80
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5	0	0	0	25	5	15
Russian	10	5	5	0	0	0	75	35	35
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Bosnian	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	35	20	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
German	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,550	795	755	110	55	55	335	160	180
Indo-Aryan languages	1,420	730	690	105	55	50	185	80	105
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	65	30	35	0	0	0	20	5	10
Gujarati	200	105	95	5	0	0	5	0	5
Hindi	115	60	55	10	5	0	55	20	30
Kacchi	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nepali	35	15	20	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	750	395	350	70	30	35	25	15	10
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	0
Urdu	225	110	110	25	15	10	50	20	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	125	65	60	5	5	5	150	75	70
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	15	15	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	100	50	50	0	0	0	150	75	70
Dari	90	40	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0	15	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	245	135	115	10	0	5	245	120	120
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Portuguese	15	10	5	0	0	0	15	5	5
Romanian	20	5	10	0	0	0	15	5	10
Spanish	205	110	95	5	0	5	210	105	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
Korean	25	10	15	0	0	0	235	100	135
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages	105	50	55	0	0	0	40	20	20
Akan (Twi)	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	15	15	0	0	0	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	10	5	0	0	0	10	10	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	45	55	0	0	0	620	300	325
Chinese languages	100	45	55	0	0	0	605	285	315
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	20	20	0	0	0	455	210	245
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0	0	0	10	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	25	30	0	0	0	135	70	70
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	750	370	375	15	10	10	290	130	160
English and French	25	10	15	0	0	0	25	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	640	310	330	10	5	5	230	105	130
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0	0	0	10	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	20	0	0	0	20	5	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	6,650	3,320	3,330	355	175	175	5,565	2,705	2,865
English	2,850	1,430	1,420	155	75	80	3,360	1,660	1,700
French	30	15	15	5	0	0	15	5	10
Non-official language	965	465	500	65	35	35	525	240	285
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	965	465	500	65	35	35	525	240	285
English and French	55	20	40	0	0	0	55	30	25
English and non-official language(s)	2,590	1,300	1,285	110	55	55	1,555	745	810
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0	0	0	35	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	110	55	55	10	5	5	20	10	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	6,650	3,320	3,330	355	175	175	5,565	2,705	2,865
Single responses	5,890	2,955	2,935	330	160	165	5,240	2,555	2,690
Official languages	3,710	1,855	1,850	195	95	100	4,055	1,995	2,060
English	3,670	1,835	1,840	185	90	100	4,040	1,990	2,050
French	40	20	15	5	0	0	20	5	10
Non-official languages	2,180	1,095	1,085	135	70	65	1,185	560	630
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,185	1,095	1,085	135	70	65	1,185	560	630
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	55	55	5	5	5	50	25	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	75	35	40	5	5	5	50	25	25
Amharic	20	10	10	5	5	5	0	0	0
Arabic	50	25	25	0	0	0	45	25	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	415	205	210	25	15	10	45	20	25
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ilocano	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	350	170	175	25	15	10	35	15	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	85	40	45	10	5	0	15	5	5
Kannada	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	25	15	15	0	0	0	5	0	5
Telugu	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,405	715	690	95	45	50	455	220	230
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	5	0	0	0	75	35	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	5	0	0	0	70	40	30
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,240	635	605	90	45	45	215	95	115
Indo-Aryan languages	1,145	585	555	85	45	45	95	40	60
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	45	20	20	0	0	0	10	5	5
Gujarati	135	75	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	95	45	45	0	0	0	30	15	15
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nepali	20	10	15	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	635	325	310	55	25	30	15	5	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	185	95	95	20	15	15	30	10	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	100	45	50	0	0	0	115	60	60
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	80	40	45	0	0	0	110	55	60
Dari	65	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	50
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	150	75	80	5	0	0	150	75	80
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	135	65	70	5	0	0	145	70	75
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Korean	15	5	10	0	0	0	170	75	95
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	5	0	0	0	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	30	35	0	0	0	395	185	205
Chinese languages	65	30	35	0	0	0	380	180	205
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	15	15	0	0	0	320	150	165
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	20	0	0	0	60	25	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lao	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	760	365	390	25	10	15	330	150	180
English and French	25	5	20	0	0	0	10	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	725	355	370	20	10	5	310	145	170
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	6,650	3,315	3,330	350	175	175	5,565	2,705	2,865
None	4,420	2,195	2,230	250	125	125	4,180	2,045	2,140
English	915	465	445	50	25	25	595	285	310
French	30	10	20	0	0	0	50	25	25
Non-official language	925	460	465	40	20	20	605	295	310
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	925	460	465	30	15	15	605	295	310
English and French	10	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	185	105	80	10	0	10	40	25	20
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0	0	0	20	5	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	135	70	65	5	5	5	70	30	35
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	6,600	3,375	3,225	360	185	175	5,530	2,640	2,900
Official languages	6,340	3,275	3,060	345	180	160	5,395	2,585	2,815
English	6,325	3,270	3,055	345	180	160	5,395	2,585	2,815
French	350	170	180	10	0	0	405	165	240
Non-official languages	4,110	2,125	1,980	230	120	115	2,830	1,345	1,490
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,110	2,125	1,980	185	85	100	2,830	1,345	1,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	275	145	130	0	0	0	250	105	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	100	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	55	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	165	80	85	0	0	0	240	100	145
Amharic	35	20	15	0	0	0	10	10	0
Arabic	130	55	70	0	0	0	215	95	130
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35	0	0	0	20	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	25	20	0	0	0	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	720	345	380	50	20	30	135	60	80
Bikol	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	25	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	720	345	380	50	20	30	125	45	80
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	230	120	115	0	0	0	25	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	140	75	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	90	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	20	10	10	0	0	0	25	15	15
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,455	1,320	1,130	115	50	65	1,130	580	550
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	0	20	0	0	0	175	75	100
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	0	20	0	0	0	175	75	100
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Russian	15	0	10	0	0	0	105	45	60
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	15	0	0	0	0	70	40	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	20	15	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
German	20	15	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	2,155	1,165	985	90	40	50	490	245	245
Indo-Aryan languages	1,995	1,075	920	90	40	50	260	120	140
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	70	35	35	0	0	0	20	10	15
Gujarati	275	145	125	0	0	0	15	0	10
Hindi	900	465	430	60	30	30	105	45	60
Kacchi	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	45	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	80	50	35	0	0	0	30	10	20
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,155	635	520	80	30	45	50	30	20
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	400	205	200	0	0	0	50	25	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	170	105	65	0	0	0	230	125	105
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	145	80	60	0	0	0	230	125	105
Dari	95	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	120	90
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	25	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	255	135	120	20	0	10	380	220	160
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	15	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	225	105	120	20	0	10	355	200	155
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
Korean	25	10	15	0	0	0	260	100	160
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	275	125	155	0	0	0	105	45	60
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	45	30	20	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	60	25	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	100	45	55	0	0	0	55	25	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0	0	0	25	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	60	90	0	0	0	940	465	475
Chinese languages	140	55	90	0	0	0	900	440	460
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	70	25	50	0	0	0	700	350	350
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0	0	0	15	10	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	35	45	0	0	0	220	100	115
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	30	15
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	30	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	6,600	3,375	3,225	360	185	175	5,535	2,640	2,895
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	105	40	65	55	40	20	95	45	50
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	105	40	65	55	40	20	95	45	50
First Nations (North American Indian)	40	15	25	50	30	20	25	20	0
Métis	65	25	40	0	0	0	75	25	50
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	6,495	3,335	3,160	305	150	160	5,440	2,590	2,845
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	6,600	3,375	3,225	360	185	175	5,535	2,640	2,895
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	15	0	15	50	30	20	10	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	6,585	3,365	3,210	310	150	160	5,525	2,630	2,890
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	2,505	...	...	90	...	...	1,895	...	...
Owner	1,255	...	...	75	...	...	1,455	...	...
Renter	1,245	...	...	15	...	...	440	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	2,505	...	...	90	...	...	1,895	...	...
Condominium	1,790	...	...	0	...	...	670	...	...
Not condominium	715	...	...	90	...	...	1,225	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	2,505	...	...	90	...	...	1,895	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	360	...	...	0	...	...	105	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,305	...	...	10	...	...	525	...	...
3 bedrooms	570	...	...	20	...	...	565	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	250	...	...	60	...	...	700	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	2,505	...	...	90	...	...	1,895	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,600	...	...	10	...	...	555	...	...
5 rooms	445	...	...	0	...	...	350	...	...
6 rooms	210	...	...	20	...	...	230	...	...
7 rooms	125	...	...	30	...	...	175	...	...
8 or more rooms	125	...	...	25	...	...	585	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.3	...	...	7.1	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	2,505	...	...	90	...	...	1,895	...	...
One person or fewer per room	2,270	...	...	70	...	...	1,850	...	...
More than one person per room	230	...	...	15	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	2,505	...	...	90	...	...	1,895	...	...
Suitable	2,210	...	...	70	...	...	1,845	...	...
Not suitable	290	...	...	20	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	2,505	...	...	90	...	...	1,895	...	...
1960 or before	20	...	...	0	...	...	20	...	...
1961 to 1980	10	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
1981 to 1990	10	...	...	60	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	10	...	...	25	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	0	...	...	160	...	...
2006 to 2010	70	...	...	0	...	...	880	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,005	...	...	0	...	...	755	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,370	...	...	0	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	2,505	...	...	90	...	...	1,895	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	2,450	...	...	75	...	...	1,880	...	...
Major repairs needed	50	...	...	15	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	2,505	...	...	90	...	...	1,895	...	...
One-maintainer household	1,210	...	...	30	...	...	825	...	...
Two-maintainer household	1,100	...	...	35	...	...	1,005	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	185	...	...	25	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	2,505	...	...	90	...	...	1,895	...	...
15 to 24 years	135	...	...	0	...	...	30	...	...
25 to 34 years	900	...	...	10	...	...	225	...	...
35 to 44 years	820	...	...	10	...	...	565	...	...
45 to 54 years	300	...	...	20	...	...	645	...	...
55 to 64 years	230	...	...	30	...	...	285	...	...
65 to 74 years	65	...	...	20	...	...	105	...	...
75 to 84 years	40	...	...	0	...	...	45	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	2,495	...	...	90	...	...	1,885	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,685	...	...	75	...	...	1,450	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	815	...	...	0	...	...	435	...	...
30% to less than 100%	750	...	...	0	...	...	375	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	2,500	...	...	90	...	...	1,900	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,060	...	...	35	...	...	470	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	725	...	...	10	...	...	400	...	...
Not suitable only	205	...	...	10	...	...	30	...	...
Major repairs needed only	25	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	1,445	...	...	55	...	...	1,430	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	2,430	...	...	90	...	...	1,830	...	...
In core need	280	...	...	0	...	...	95	...	...
Not in core need	2,155	...	...	85	...	...	1,735	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,255	...	...	75	...	...	1,455	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	95.2	...	...	86.7	...	...	77.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.1	...	...	0.0	...	...	20.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.9	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,940	...	...	1,820	...	...	2,580	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,940	...	...	1,560	...	...	2,576	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	324,000	...	...	348,000	...	...	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	335,000	...	...	350,000	...	...	730,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,245	...	...	0	...	...	445	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	1.6	...	...	...	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.5	...	...	...	...	...	31.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.0	...	...	...	...	...	11.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	x	...	...	1,960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,420	...	...	x	...	...	1,970	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	6,600	3,375	3,230	360	185	170	5,535	2,635	2,895
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	30	0	20	50	30	15	20	15	10
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	30	0	20	50	30	15	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	20	0	15	50	30	15	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	85	35	55	0	0	0	115	45	75
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	80	35	45	0	0	0	115	45	75
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0	0	0	85	35	50
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	25	35	0	0	0	35	0	25
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	6,490	3,335	3,155	310	150	160	5,390	2,580	2,810
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	6,605	3,370	3,225	360	185	175	5,535	2,635	2,895
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	4,450	2,305	2,140	300	160	140	4,705	2,255	2,445
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,435	795	635	75	55	25	1,465	690	780
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,010	1,515	1,500	230	110	120	3,240	1,565	1,670
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,155	1,065	1,090	55	25	35	830	385	450
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	6,605	3,370	3,225	360	185	175	5,535	2,635	2,895
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	2,745	1,430	1,320	185	110	85	3,120	1,460	1,660
Immigrants⁸¹	3,605	1,820	1,785	160	70	85	2,240	1,080	1,165
Before 1980	65	25	45	0	0	0	105	50	50
1980 to 1990	140	65	75	10	10	0	165	85	75
1991 to 2000	230	95	135	35	10	25	405	195	210
2001 to 2010	855	450	400	65	25	40	800	405	395
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,310	1,180	1,135	45	25	15	765	340	425
2011 to 2015	1,035	565	470	35	20	15	375	160	220
2016 to 2021	1,280	615	665	0	0	0	390	180	205
Non-permanent residents⁸³	250	125	125	0	0	0	175	100	80
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,605	1,820	1,785	165	75	85	2,235	1,080	1,160
Under 5 years	280	130	150	0	0	0	235	95	135
5 to 14 years	555	275	275	25	20	10	380	210	175
15 to 24 years	695	410	290	20	0	20	215	80	140
25 to 44 years	1,790	875	915	95	50	45	1,195	585	615
45 years and over	285	130	150	10	0	10	210	110	95
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,605	1,820	1,785	165	75	85	2,235	1,080	1,160
Americas	280	140	140	0	0	0	250	130	120
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	65	40	25	0	0	0	40	20	20
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Guyana	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	65	30	30	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mexico	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	35	15	25	0	0	0	90	35	50
Other places of birth in Americas	65	25	35	0	0	0	85	50	40
Europe	165	90	70	0	0	0	290	150	145
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	75	40	35	0	0	0	85	45	45
Other places of birth in Europe	30	15	15	0	0	0	60	35	25
Africa	510	240	265	0	0	0	235	105	125
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ethiopia	45	20	20	0	0	0	15	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	180	90	85	0	0	0	85	50	35
Somalia	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15
Other places of birth in Africa	220	95	125	0	0	0	65	15	45
Asia	2,650	1,345	1,305	135	60	75	1,460	695	770
Afghanistan	110	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	95	75
Iraq	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	60	30	30	0	0	0	460	225	240
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	10	0	0	0	85	35	50
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	0	0	0	190	80	110
Taiwan	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	645	310	340	45	20	25	150	70	80
Viet Nam	30	15	20	0	0	0	25	10	10
Bangladesh	35	20	15	0	0	0	15	0	10
India	1,205	635	570	70	30	40	105	45	60
Pakistan	265	130	135	0	0	0	35	15	15
Sri Lanka	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	180	90	90	0	0	0	130	60	70
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,280	610	670	0	0	0	385	185	205
Americas	75	30	45	0	0	0	20	10	15
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	20	0	20	0	0	0	10	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	35	20	15	0	0	0	35	20	15
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10	0	0	0	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	185	90	95	0	0	0	45	20	20
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	85	45	40	0	0	0	20	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	30	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	980	470	510	0	0	0	285	130	160
Afghanistan	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	10	0	0	0	0	135	70	65
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	530	275	255	0	0	0	20	10	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	60	15	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	210	95	120	0	0	0	15	0	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	6,600	3,375	3,225	360	185	175	5,530	2,640	2,900
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,880	1,955	1,925	180	85	95	2,530	1,225	1,305
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,560	865	695	30	10	25	1,320	650	670
Third generation or more¹⁰²	1,160	555	605	145	95	50	1,685	760	925
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,535	1,795	1,745	165	75	90	2,135	1,025	1,110
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,915	995	920	85	35	45	1,645	830	815
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	860	490	365	25	15	10	635	455	180
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,060	505	555	65	20	40	1,010	375	635
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,140	530	610	45	20	25	340	115	220
Refugees¹⁰⁸	430	235	190	35	20	15	150	70	75
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	30	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,535	1,795	1,745	165	75	90	2,135	1,025	1,110
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	155	90	70	10	10	0	30	25	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	385	170	215	10	0	10	235	110	125
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	50	25	20	0	0	0	80	35	50
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	360	230	125	0	0	0	205	95	105
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,585	1,280	1,310	140	65	80	1,580	765	815
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	6,600	3,375	3,225	360	185	175	5,535	2,640	2,895
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,140	2,665	2,475	230	100	130	3,035	1,425	1,610
South Asian	2,390	1,295	1,095	95	40	55	390	180	205
Chinese	140	60	80	0	0	0	1,115	520	595
Black	1,040	495	545	0	0	0	255	105	150
Filipino	830	415	415	50	20	30	175	95	85
Arab	60	35	25	0	0	0	230	105	120
Latin American	200	105	95	0	0	0	145	75	70
Southeast Asian	130	65	65	0	0	0	25	0	20
West Asian	175	110	65	0	0	0	240	130	110
Korean	25	10	15	0	0	0	270	95	175
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	25
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	20	15	0	0	0	60	35	25
Multiple visible minorities	105	55	50	0	0	0	105	70	35
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,465	710	755	130	85	50	2,495	1,210	1,285
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	6,605	3,375	3,225	360	185	175	5,535	2,635	2,900
Canadian	415	205	205	0	0	0	300	150	155
English	295	130	165	20	15	0	680	300	380
Irish	315	120	195	10	0	10	505	200	305
Scottish	225	100	125	15	15	0	565	260	300
French, n.o.s.¹²²	180	85	95	35	20	15	285	115	170
German	265	120	145	20	10	10	400	220	180
Chinese	215	80	130	0	0	0	1,085	525	560
Italian	90	60	30	0	0	0	110	65	45
Indian (India)	1,190	640	550	70	30	40	260	125	140
Ukrainian	120	40	75	0	0	0	360	175	185
Dutch	90	30	55	0	0	0	115	45	70
Polish	35	10	25	0	0	0	210	80	130
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	50	35	15	0	0	0	160	95	70
Filipino	875	435	440	50	25	30	205	105	105
French Canadian	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	35	20	15	0	0	0	20	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	20
Métis	75	25	45	0	0	0	55	20	35
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	75	45	25	0	0	0	100	45	50
Russian	95	40	55	0	0	0	85	40	45
Norwegian	60	25	35	0	0	0	105	60	45
Welsh	65	30	30	0	0	0	85	50	35
Portuguese	15	15	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
American	30	20	10	0	0	0	20	15	10
Spanish	100	50	55	0	0	0	90	45	45
Swedish	35	20	15	0	0	0	25	0	20
Hungarian	45	15	30	0	0	0	75	50	20
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Pakistani	345	180	160	0	0	0	30	15	20
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	125	40	85	0	0	0	115	50	65
Jewish	20	0	15	0	0	0	20	10	10
Punjabi	235	125	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	65	35	25	0	0	0	30	20	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	15	10	0	0	0	65	20	45
Greek	25	15	10	0	0	0	60	35	25
Jamaican	165	85	80	0	0	0	15	10	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	45	20	25	0	0	0	80	35	45
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	25	10	20	0	0	0	275	100	175
Romanian	20	0	15	0	0	0	15	0	10
Lebanese	30	10	20	0	0	0	60	25	35
Iranian	10	0	0	0	0	0	200	115	85
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	70	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	55	15	35	0	0	0	45	15	30
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sikh	325	180	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindu	185	105	80	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mexican	40	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mennonite	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20
Finnish	15	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sri Lankan	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	25	10	10	0	0	0	50	20	30
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	20	10	0	0	0	30	20	15
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Muslim	70	40	35	0	0	0	25	15	15
Egyptian	10	0	10	0	0	0	55	25	20
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	20	15	0	0	0	45	30	20
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25
Colombian	65	40	25	0	0	0	45	25	20
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	0
Syrian	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	160	90	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	10	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	10	0	0	0	20	15	0
Turkish	25	15	10	0	0	0	15	15	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	120	55	60	0	0	0	40	20	20
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	55	20	35
Somali	90	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0	0	0	15	15	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Caribbean	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10
Congolese	40	0	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	0	20	0	0	0	25	20	10
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	70	35	35	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	15
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Gujarati	70	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Albertan	10	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Ghanaian	40	25	15	0	0	0	20	0	15
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	60	25	35	0	0	0	25	15	15
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	40	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	30	15
Zimbabwean	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	80	45	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	6,600	3,375	3,225	360	185	175	5,535	2,640	2,895
Buddhist	75	35	45	0	0	0	115	60	55
Christian	2,420	1,205	1,215	110	45	65	2,230	1,020	1,215
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	770	385	385	30	20	10	455	210	250
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	30	10	20	0	0	0	80	30	50
Baptist	45	10	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catholic	1,260	645	615	45	20	25	1,225	570	650
Christian Orthodox	35	15	10	0	0	0	120	65	50
Jehovah's Witness	35	15	20	0	0	0	20	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lutheran	10	0	10	0	0	0	25	10	25
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	30	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	95	55	40	0	0	0	65	20	40
Presbyterian	25	0	15	0	0	0	30	20	10
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	20	0	20	0	0	0	120	50	75
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	65	40	30	0	0	0	65	25	45
Hindu	705	385	325	20	10	10	120	60	60
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Muslim	1,035	535	500	0	0	0	455	190	265
Sikh	920	500	420	75	30	45	20	0	10
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	25	15	10	0	0	0	35	15	20
No religion and secular perspectives	1,400	705	700	60	35	25	2,550	1,285	1,270
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	6,435	3,290	3,145	360	185	175	5,475	2,615	2,865
Non-movers	4,645	2,335	2,310	340	175	160	4,670	2,235	2,435
Movers	1,795	955	835	25	0	15	805	375	425
Non-migrants	1,140	630	515	0	0	0	640	300	340
Migrants	655	330	320	0	0	0	165	80	85
Internal migrants	475	225	245	0	0	0	50	30	20
Intraprovincial migrants	205	95	105	0	0	0	35	15	20
Interprovincial migrants	275	130	145	0	0	0	15	10	0
External migrants	175	100	75	0	0	0	115	50	60
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	5,890	2,975	2,915	350	180	170	5,200	2,490	2,710
Non-movers	1,500	780	720	305	160	140	3,145	1,550	1,595
Movers	4,385	2,195	2,190	50	20	25	2,055	945	1,115
Non-migrants	2,180	1,155	1,025	20	10	10	1,080	490	595
Migrants	2,205	1,040	1,165	25	10	15	970	455	515
Internal migrants	1,215	595	620	10	0	10	485	225	265
Intraprovincial migrants	580	285	295	0	0	0	270	110	160
Interprovincial migrants	635	310	325	0	0	0	215	105	105
External migrants	985	440	545	0	0	0	485	235	255
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	5,075	2,535	2,535	305	140	160	4,135	1,970	2,160
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	735	395	340	90	50	40	335	165	175
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	4,340	2,140	2,195	210	90	115	3,795	1,805	1,990
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,135	2,035	2,095	175	80	95	3,185	1,530	1,655
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	410	205	205	45	20	25	60	30	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	3,720	1,830	1,890	130	60	70	3,135	1,500	1,630
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	5,075	2,540	2,540	300	145	160	4,135	1,970	2,160
No certificate, diploma or degree	630	340	290	95	50	40	325	155	170
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,320	695	630	90	40	50	695	340	355
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,120	1,505	1,615	120	55	65	3,110	1,475	1,635
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,400	710	690	60	35	35	650	285	365
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	235	180	60	10	10	0	105	75	35
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	105	75	30	0	0	0	55	30	25
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	130	100	25	10	10	0	55	40	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	945	415	530	40	20	20	405	160	245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	225	125	100	10	0	10	140	55	90
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,720	790	930	55	20	35	2,460	1,190	1,270
Bachelor's degree	1,110	520	590	30	10	20	1,590	795	795
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	135	55	75	10	10	0	120	70	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	10	20	0	0	0	45	10	35
Master's degree	445	195	245	0	0	0	620	270	350
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	10	0	0	0	0	80	45	35
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,130	2,035	2,095	175	75	100	3,190	1,535	1,655
No certificate, diploma or degree	330	165	170	50	20	30	50	25	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	955	495	460	35	10	25	325	180	145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,840	1,375	1,470	95	50	50	2,815	1,320	1,490
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,225	615	610	45	30	20	550	245	310
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	185	140	45	10	10	0	85	55	30
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	75	50	25	0	0	0	40	20	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	115	95	25	10	10	0	45	40	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	835	355	475	30	15	10	360	140	220
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	205	120	85	15	0	0	105	40	60
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,620	760	860	45	15	25	2,260	1,080	1,185
Bachelor's degree	1,020	505	520	30	10	20	1,440	725	720
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	120	45	70	0	0	0	105	55	50
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	0	15	0	0	0	45	10	40
Master's degree	440	190	245	0	0	0	595	250	345
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	5,070	2,535	2,540	300	145	160	4,130	1,970	2,160
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,950	1,035	915	185	90	95	1,020	495	525
Education	90	10	80	0	0	0	150	20	130
13. Education	90	10	80	0	0	0	150	20	130
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	85	30	55	0	0	0	60	10	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	80	30	50	0	0	0	60	10	50
Humanities	140	55	85	0	0	0	115	25	90
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	0	0	0	0	35	0	35
23. English language and literature/letters	40	15	30	0	0	0	15	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	70	30	40	0	0	0	30	10	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	15	10	10	0	0	0	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	265	75	190	15	0	10	330	110	215
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	15	30	0	0	0	35	0	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	25	0	25	0	0	0	15	10	0
22. Legal professions and studies	60	10	50	0	0	0	75	30	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	10	0
42. Psychology	40	0	40	0	0	0	65	0	60
45. Social sciences	85	40	45	0	0	0	130	50	80
Business, management and public administration	935	445	490	30	0	30	750	335	415
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	30	0	30	0	0	0	15	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	905	440	465	25	0	20	740	330	410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	125	40	85	0	0	0	250	125	125
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	50	15	30	0	0	0	65	20	45
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	0	30	0	0	0	35	25	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	25	0	20	0	0	0	140	80	55
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	250	150	95	0	0	0	160	105	60
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	230	145	80	0	0	0	130	95	35
25. Library science	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	10	0	0	0	20	0	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	525	455	75	25	25	0	830	625	205
04. Architecture and related services	10	10	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
14. Engineering	220	185	35	0	0	0	645	480	165
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	155	125	30	10	10	0	85	70	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	45	45	0	0	0	0	30	30	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	80	75	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
48. Precision production	15	15	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	45	25	10	0	0	0	35	25	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	30	15	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	0	0	0	25	25	0
Health and related fields	515	125	390	25	10	15	360	70	290
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	20	10	10	0	0	0	50	30	25
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	485	105	380	25	10	15	290	35	250
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	140	85	55	0	0	0	75	35	40
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	80	40	40	0	0	0	50	10	35
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	45	30	10	0	0	0	20	15	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,130	2,035	2,095	180	80	100	3,185	1,530	1,655
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,285	660	630	85	30	50	375	210	165
Education	80	10	70	0	0	0	110	10	100
13. Education	80	10	70	0	0	0	110	10	100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	80	25	50	0	0	0	50	10	45
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	70	25	45	0	0	0	50	10	45
Humanities	120	55	65	0	0	0	100	25	75
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	0	35
23. English language and literature/letters	35	15	20	0	0	0	15	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60	25	35	0	0	0	30	0	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	15	10	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	245	75	175	0	0	0	305	100	205
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	20	25	0	0	0	30	0	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	25	0	25	0	0	0	15	10	0
22. Legal professions and studies	55	10	45	0	0	0	65	25	45
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	0
42. Psychology	40	0	35	0	0	0	60	0	55
45. Social sciences	75	40	35	0	0	0	125	50	75
Business, management and public administration	890	415	475	25	0	15	700	310	395
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	25	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	855	410	450	25	0	15	695	310	390
Physical and life sciences and technologies	120	35	85	0	0	0	210	110	100
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45	10	30	0	0	0	60	20	40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	10	30	0	0	0	30	20	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	25	0	20	0	0	0	115	65	50
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	240	155	90	0	0	0	150	95	50
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	215	140	75	0	0	0	125	90	35
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	10	0	0	0	20	0	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	450	385	65	25	25	0	765	570	200
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25
14. Engineering	205	180	25	0	0	0	605	445	155
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	135	105	30	10	10	0	75	60	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	40	40	0	0	0	0	30	30	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	60	55	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35	25	0	0	0	0	35	25	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	20	15	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	0	0	0	25	25	0
Health and related fields	465	115	350	20	10	10	320	60	270
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	10	0	0	0	0	45	25	25
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	445	95	345	20	10	10	260	30	230
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	115	75	35	0	0	0	55	25	40
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	65	35	30	0	0	0	40	10	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	35	30	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	4,130	2,035	2,095	180	80	100	3,185	1,530	1,655
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,285	660	630	85	30	50	375	210	165
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	2,845	1,375	1,470	95	45	45	2,810	1,320	1,490
Location of study inside Canada	1,465	735	725	40	20	20	1,750	795	950
Same as province or territory of residence	960	440	520	35	15	20	1,210	550	660
Different than province or territory of residence	505	295	210	10	0	0	540	245	290
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,380	640	740	55	30	30	1,065	525	540
Americas	125	75	55	0	0	0	215	130	90
United States of America	65	35	25	0	0	0	140	80	60
Mexico	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	25	15	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Europe	105	50	50	0	0	0	195	115	85
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	40	35	0	0	0	100	60	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10	0	0	0	35	15	20
Africa	80	25	60	0	0	0	80	35	45
Nigeria	35	15	20	0	0	0	20	15	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Africa	45	10	40	0	0	0	25	15	10
Asia	1,065	490	575	55	30	30	555	240	315
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	45	30
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	10	0	0	0	0	190	90	105
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0	0	0	65	20	45
Philippines	315	145	175	25	10	10	75	30	40
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	565	270	305	30	15	15	50	20	30
Pakistan	70	25	45	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Asia	55	30	30	0	0	0	40	15	25
Oceania	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	5,075	2,540	2,540	300	145	160	4,135	1,970	2,160
In the labour force	4,055	2,135	1,920	180	90	95	3,030	1,560	1,470
Employed	3,470	1,845	1,625	170	80	85	2,700	1,390	1,315
Unemployed	585	290	295	10	0	10	330	170	155
Not in the labour force	1,015	400	620	125	55	65	1,105	410	690
Participation rate	79.9	84.1	75.6	60.0	62.1	59.4	73.3	79.2	68.1
Employment rate	68.4	72.6	64.0	56.7	55.2	53.1	65.3	70.6	60.9
Unemployment rate	14.4	13.6	15.4	5.6	0.0	10.5	10.9	10.9	10.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	5,070	2,535	2,540	300	145	160	4,130	1,970	2,160
Did not work¹⁸⁶	1,215	500	725	105	35	70	1,245	485	755
Worked	3,855	2,040	1,815	200	110	90	2,890	1,485	1,405
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	1,940	1,050	890	105	55	50	1,690	950	740
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	1,915	990	925	90	50	40	1,200	535	670
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	40.6	39.0	42.4	42.4	42.4	41.8	42.5	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	4,055	2,135	1,920	180	85	90	3,035	1,565	1,470
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	50	90	0	0	0	120	50	75
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	3,915	2,090	1,830	180	85	90	2,910	1,510	1,400
Employee	3,540	1,830	1,710	165	75	90	2,410	1,220	1,190
Permanent position	3,065	1,610	1,450	135	65	70	2,020	1,070	945
Temporary position	475	215	265	20	10	15	390	145	250
Fixed term (1 year or more)	135	65	70	0	0	0	175	60	115
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	345	150	190	15	0	10	215	80	135
Self-employed¹⁹²	380	260	115	20	10	10	500	295	205
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	4,055	2,135	1,920	180	85	90	3,035	1,565	1,470
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	50	90	0	0	0	120	50	75
All occupations¹⁹¹	3,915	2,090	1,830	180	85	90	2,910	1,510	1,400
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	55	15
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	640	200	440	25	0	20	690	270	420
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	290	195	100	15	10	0	670	510	160
3 Health occupations	405	95	315	10	10	0	265	30	235
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	255	70	185	10	0	10	340	110	235
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	35	0	25	0	0	0	65	25	35
6 Sales and service occupations	1,235	605	635	70	25	50	500	255	240
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	910	815	95	40	35	0	200	180	20
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	55	40	10	0	0	0	45	30	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	85	55	25	10	0	10	65	45	20
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	4,055	2,135	1,920	180	85	90	3,035	1,565	1,470
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	50	90	0	0	0	120	50	75
All industries¹⁹¹	3,915	2,090	1,830	180	85	90	2,910	1,510	1,400
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10	0	10	0	0	0	20	15	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	60	40	25	0	0	0	395	280	115
22 Utilities	30	25	0	0	0	0	75	60	20
23 Construction	285	260	25	0	0	0	185	135	50
31-33 Manufacturing	145	100	45	20	15	0	75	50	25
41 Wholesale trade	105	80	20	15	0	15	80	60	25
44-45 Retail trade	580	295	285	35	15	20	215	125	95
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	545	410	135	25	25	0	100	45	60
51 Information and cultural industries	100	50	45	0	0	0	55	20	30
52 Finance and insurance	150	55	95	10	0	10	155	70	85
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	70	40	30	10	10	0	90	60	35
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	275	150	130	10	0	0	530	310	225
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	255	155	95	10	10	0	65	35	30
61 Educational services	85	25	65	0	0	0	170	55	110
62 Health care and social assistance	625	110	515	15	0	15	355	60	290
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	45	30	15	0	0	0	35	25	10
72 Accommodation and food services	290	145	150	10	0	10	130	70	55
81 Other services (except public administration)	125	55	75	0	0	0	100	20	80
91 Public administration	120	60	55	0	0	0	70	30	40
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	4,240	2,220	2,020	205	110	105	3,130	1,600	1,525
English	3,880	2,025	1,855	200	105	100	2,980	1,530	1,445
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-official language	45	15	30	0	0	0	30	25	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	15	30	0	0	0	30	25	10
English and French	25	10	15	0	0	0	25	0	15
English and non-official language(s)	290	160	125	0	0	0	90	40	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	4,240	2,220	2,020	205	110	105	3,130	1,600	1,525
Single responses	4,210	2,200	2,010	205	110	105	3,105	1,590	1,515
Official languages	4,090	2,150	1,940	205	110	100	3,050	1,550	1,500
English	4,080	2,150	1,935	205	110	100	3,040	1,550	1,485
French	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Non-official languages	115	45	70	0	0	0	55	35	15
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	115	45	70	0	0	0	55	35	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85	35	55	0	0	0	10	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	25	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	70	25	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	20	10	0	0	0	25	10	15
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	10	0	0	0	15	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	4,240	2,220	2,020	205	110	105	3,130	1,600	1,525
None	3,945	2,060	1,895	200	105	100	3,040	1,570	1,475
English	65	30	35	0	0	0	20	15	10
French	15	10	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Non-official language	160	90	70	0	0	0	50	20	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	155	90	65	0	0	0	50	20	35
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	40	30	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	3,470	1,845	1,625	165	80	85	2,705	1,390	1,315
Worked at home	575	230	340	20	10	10	1,235	635	595
Worked outside Canada	20	15	0	0	0	0	30	25	0
No fixed workplace address	545	420	130	15	10	0	215	140	80
Usual place of work	2,330	1,180	1,150	135	60	70	1,225	585	640
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	2,325	1,180	1,155	135	60	75	1,225	585	635
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,870	910	960	110	45	70	1,100	500	600
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	345	210	130	10	0	10	45	35	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	65	35	35	10	10	0	60	45	15
Commute to a different province or territory	50	25	30	0	0	0	20	10	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	2,875	1,595	1,280	150	70	80	1,445	730	715
Car, truck or van	2,505	1,475	1,035	135	65	70	1,245	625	620
Car, truck or van - as a driver	2,330	1,430	900	125	60	65	1,180	620	560
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	175	45	130	15	10	0	65	0	60
Public transit	230	70	160	15	0	0	70	45	25
Walked	55	25	30	0	0	0	45	10	35
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other method	90	30	55	0	0	0	70	40	30
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	2,875	1,595	1,280	150	70	80	1,445	730	715
Less than 15 minutes	455	235	225	0	0	0	210	70	140
15 to 29 minutes	1,395	820	575	95	45	50	655	300	360
30 to 44 minutes	705	395	310	25	15	10	450	260	185
45 to 59 minutes	120	85	35	15	10	0	40	35	0
60 minutes and over	195	60	135	0	0	0	85	60	25
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	2,875	1,595	1,280	150	70	80	1,445	730	715
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	230	160	70	10	0	10	45	30	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	595	350	245	15	10	10	220	130	90
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	570	310	260	35	15	20	455	240	215
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	485	245	235	35	20	15	335	155	180
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	410	200	215	35	15	20	230	90	140
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	595	340	255	20	10	10	155	85	70
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,710	885	830	80	40	35	1,640	860	780
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	110	60	50	0	0	0	135	80	50
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,595	825	775	80	40	35	1,505	775	730
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	970	505	470	45	25	20	1,285	680	605
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	70	35	30	0	0	0	105	70	35
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	30	15	15	0	0	0	70	45	25
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	40	25	20	0	0	0	35	25	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	905	470	435	45	25	20	1,175	605	570

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...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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