Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48062510More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			AlbertaMore information: [Province] Remove			48061160More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	507	...	...	4,262,635	...	...	414	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	4,067,175	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	4.8	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	346	...	...	1,772,670	...	...	191	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	319	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	173	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	16,732.7	...	...	6.7	...	...	2,907.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.03	...	...	634,658.27	...	...	0.14	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	510	270	240	4,262,635	2,127,935	2,134,700	415	210	200
0 to 14 years	40	20	20	809,640	415,870	393,770	65	35	30
0 to 4 years	25	10	10	250,250	128,560	121,690	15	10	5
5 to 9 years	10	5	5	278,810	142,850	135,955	25	15	10
10 to 14 years	5	5	0	280,585	144,460	136,120	25	10	15
15 to 64 years	425	235	195	2,823,770	1,416,910	1,406,865	300	155	140
15 to 19 years	5	5	5	249,765	128,745	121,015	15	5	10
20 to 24 years	35	20	20	248,740	128,595	120,150	20	10	15
25 to 29 years	110	50	55	275,465	138,510	136,955	20	10	5
30 to 34 years	85	45	45	323,260	160,175	163,085	25	15	15
35 to 39 years	70	40	30	338,945	168,390	170,560	25	15	10
40 to 44 years	35	20	10	307,665	153,715	153,955	30	15	15
45 to 49 years	20	20	5	277,770	139,705	138,065	30	10	20
50 to 54 years	25	10	20	262,770	131,650	131,120	25	10	15
55 to 59 years	10	10	0	274,150	135,825	138,325	50	35	20
60 to 64 years	20	15	10	265,240	131,600	133,640	50	30	20
65 years and over	35	15	25	629,220	295,155	334,070	50	25	25
65 to 69 years	15	5	10	217,270	106,975	110,295	10	10	0
70 to 74 years	15	5	5	163,890	79,150	84,735	15	10	10
75 to 79 years	5	0	0	105,520	49,860	55,660	10	5	5
80 to 84 years	0	0	0	70,160	31,510	38,650	5	0	5
85 years and over	5	5	0	72,375	27,660	44,720	5	5	5
85 to 89 years	5	0	0	44,670	18,540	26,130	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	5	5	0	21,430	7,545	13,890	5	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	5,480	1,405	4,075	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	795	170	625	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7.8	7.4	8.3	19.0	19.5	18.4	15.7	16.7	15.0
15 to 64 years	83.3	87.0	81.3	66.2	66.6	65.9	72.3	73.8	70.0
65 years and over	6.9	5.6	10.4	14.8	13.9	15.6	12.0	11.9	12.5
85 years and over	1.0	1.9	0.0	1.7	1.3	2.1	1.2	2.4	2.5
Average age of the population	36.6	37.0	36.0	39.0	38.4	39.7	42.6	42.8	42.4
Median age of the population	33.2	33.6	32.4	38.4	37.6	38.8	44.0	45.2	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	320	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	175	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	994,565	...	...	90	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	98,740	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	127,735	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	43,730	...	...	70	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	20	...	...	247,030	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	300	...	...	74,880	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	1,215	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	45,325	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	315	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	170	...	...
1 person	185	...	...	424,055	...	...	55	...	...
2 persons	100	...	...	551,420	...	...	55	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	249,135	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	243,400	...	...	20	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	165,215	...	...	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	505	270	240	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	410	210	205
Average household size	1.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	470	245	220	3,452,995	1,712,065	1,740,925	350	180	175
Married or living common-law	205	105	105	2,033,945	1,018,425	1,015,520	160	80	75
Married	115	55	55	1,703,285	852,950	850,335	115	55	55
Living common-law	90	45	45	330,655	165,475	165,180	45	20	25
Living common law - Never married	85	40	40	245,650	123,625	122,030	25	15	15
Living common law - Separated	5	0	5	12,835	6,745	6,090	10	0	5
Living common law - Divorced	10	0	5	65,955	32,580	33,375	10	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	6,210	2,520	3,690	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	260	145	115	1,419,050	693,640	725,410	195	100	95
Not married and not living common law - Never married	225	130	95	969,780	535,715	434,065	115	70	45
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	5	83,350	36,440	46,910	15	10	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	25	10	10	214,460	87,950	126,505	40	15	25
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5	0	0	151,455	33,530	117,925	30	10	25
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	105	...	...	1,164,655	...	...	105	...	...
2 persons	80	...	...	565,900	...	...	65	...	...
3 persons	15	...	...	240,980	...	...	20	...	...
4 persons	15	...	...	238,600	...	...	15	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	119,170	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	2.4	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	110	...	...	1,164,650	...	...	110	...	...
Total couple families	105	...	...	987,465	...	...	75	...	...
Married couples	60	...	...	822,175	...	...	55	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	464,975	...	...	25	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	357,200	...	...	30	...	...
Common-law couples	45	...	...	165,290	...	...	25	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	60,705	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	104,580	...	...	10	...	...
Total one-parent families	5	...	...	177,190	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5	...	...	135,065	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	42,125	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	505	270	240	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	415	210	200
Total - Persons in census families	265	135	130	3,456,645	1,720,145	1,736,505	295	145	155
Married spouses or common-law partners	200	100	100	1,974,930	986,995	987,935	150	75	75
Parents in one-parent families	5	5	0	177,185	42,120	135,060	30	5	25
Children⁶	50	30	25	1,304,525	691,020	613,500	115	60	60
In a two-parent family	45	20	20	1,022,235	538,215	484,020	70	35	35
In a one-parent family	10	5	0	282,290	152,810	129,485	45	20	20
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	245	135	105	721,070	368,045	353,030	115	70	45
Living alone	180	105	80	424,055	207,075	216,980	50	30	25
Living with other relatives⁷	15	5	10	108,100	49,205	58,900	20	5	10
Living with non-relatives only	45	25	15	188,915	111,760	77,155	45	35	15
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	320	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	170	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	110	...	...	1,008,210	...	...	80	...	...
Couple-family households	100	...	...	876,085	...	...	65	...	...
With children⁶	30	...	...	465,405	...	...	30	...	...
Without children	75	...	...	410,680	...	...	35	...	...
One-parent-family households	5	...	...	132,125	...	...	20	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	47,450	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	0	...	...	60,780	...	...	15	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	30	...	...	82,150	...	...	15	...	...
One-person households	185	...	...	424,055	...	...	55	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	465	250	215	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	350	175	170
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	455	240	215	3,213,495	1,597,075	1,616,420	325	170	160
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,200	61,200	49,600	44,800	53,200	38,400	33,200	42,800	28,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	455	240	215	3,215,290	1,598,045	1,617,250	325	170	160
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	52,000	44,000	40,400	46,800	35,200	31,200	38,000	26,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	440	225	205	2,899,265	1,472,130	1,427,140	265	140	120
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,800	60,000	45,600	40,000	50,400	31,200	30,800	35,600	17,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	405	205	195	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	215	120	95
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,800	61,600	48,000	41,600	51,600	33,600	35,200	41,200	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	410	215	190	2,818,115	1,377,385	1,440,730	305	155	145
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	3,920	2,180	5,280	8,300	6,120	9,700	13,300	11,500	15,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60	35	25	373,185	184,280	188,900	45	25	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,360	4,360	4,720	5,800	5,760	5,880	6,500	7,300	6,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	160	80	80	978,925	473,610	505,320	130	75	55
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,300	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	10,000	8,500	14,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	480	260	215	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	320	170	145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	480	260	215	3,212,650	1,596,250	1,616,400	280	165	115
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,400	65,000	63,600	60,850	72,700	49,160	41,200	45,200	35,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	480	260	215	3,214,490	1,597,255	1,617,235	285	165	115
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,000	54,000	54,000	50,200	58,400	42,120	35,200	39,600	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	455	240	215	2,900,200	1,472,350	1,427,850	230	140	90
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,000	62,400	55,200	57,300	70,100	44,040	37,200	43,000	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	430	220	205	2,426,940	1,262,995	1,163,950	205	130	75
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,000	61,200	54,400	56,350	67,800	43,920	38,000	44,000	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	420	235	185	2,817,280	1,376,575	1,440,710	265	165	100
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,300	9,900	10,440	9,300	11,520	10,800	8,900	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70	30	40	371,975	183,715	188,265	0	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	6,000	5,200	7,090	6,720	7,450	...	...	...
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	180	105	75	972,130	470,475	501,650	110	80	30
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600	11,400	9,600	9,170	9,030	9,290	8,600	9,200	6,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	475	260	215	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	320	175	140
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	210	110	100	1,120,075	641,305	478,775	105	60	40
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,500	75,000	74,000	70,500	78,500	62,000	46,400	51,600	39,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,000	84,000	82,000	85,200	96,300	70,400	54,000	62,000	40,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	175	90	80	993,770	466,385	527,385	75	45	30
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	27,800	17,000	21,600	26,200	18,400	9,600	9,600	x
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,200	40,000	21,200	34,280	42,280	27,160	24,000	29,000	15,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	88.0	88.0	86.0	85.0	89.0	79.2	75.0	80.0	66.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	81.0	80.0	82.0	70.0	73.8	64.4	68.0	74.0	56.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.2	11.6	13.2	15.0	11.0	20.9	24.8	19.6	35.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.1	1.8	x	x	x
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.6	7.4	5.6	5.1	4.0	6.7	9.2	10.0	7.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.1	7.0	5.2	4.6	3.7	5.9	8.0	9.5	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	470	245	220	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	350	180	175
Without total income	10	5	5	161,620	78,885	82,730	25	15	15
With total income	460	245	210	3,213,490	1,597,075	1,616,415	325	165	160
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	10	5	271,260	111,180	160,085	25	5	15
$10,000 to $19,999	30	15	20	307,390	122,515	184,880	40	15	25
$20,000 to $29,999	60	30	30	483,175	210,085	273,090	85	40	45
$30,000 to $39,999	45	20	25	384,115	161,270	222,840	35	15	25
$40,000 to $49,999	50	20	30	332,120	148,870	183,245	50	30	20
$50,000 to $59,999	45	25	15	277,960	132,620	145,340	20	15	5
$60,000 to $69,999	30	20	10	232,840	119,260	113,580	20	15	10
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	15	187,305	105,100	82,205	15	10	5
$80,000 to $89,999	15	15	5	146,920	87,190	59,725	10	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	25	5	15	124,520	73,960	50,560	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	105	65	35	465,885	325,025	140,860	15	10	0
$100,000 to $149,999	65	35	30	291,955	191,190	100,765	10	10	0
$150,000 and over	35	25	10	173,935	133,835	40,100	5	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	470	245	220	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	350	180	175
Without after-tax income	10	5	5	159,820	77,915	81,900	25	15	10
With after-tax income	460	245	210	3,215,295	1,598,045	1,617,245	330	165	160
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	15	5	282,760	115,430	167,325	20	10	15
$10,000 to $19,999	30	15	20	320,525	128,425	192,100	45	15	25
$20,000 to $29,999	65	35	30	545,450	237,370	308,080	85	40	45
$30,000 to $39,999	60	25	35	449,440	194,945	254,500	50	25	20
$40,000 to $49,999	65	30	35	388,170	182,160	206,010	50	30	20
$50,000 to $59,999	45	25	20	314,650	160,140	154,510	30	15	10
$60,000 to $69,999	35	25	15	240,015	135,075	104,940	20	5	10
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	15	178,580	106,080	72,495	10	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	30	15	10	138,170	82,415	55,755	10	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	20	10	10	92,045	59,450	32,595	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	55	40	15	265,490	196,560	68,930	5	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	25	15	10	121,505	85,805	35,705	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	30	25	5	143,985	110,760	33,225	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	470	245	220	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	350	180	175
Without employment income	65	40	25	948,210	413,405	534,805	135	60	70
With employment income	400	210	195	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	215	115	100
Under $5,000 (including loss)	25	10	10	305,715	142,525	163,185	35	15	20
$5,000 to $9,999	35	15	15	186,575	78,780	107,795	20	5	15
$10,000 to $19,999	35	15	20	270,795	116,950	153,845	20	10	10
$20,000 to $29,999	35	15	15	212,530	93,955	118,575	10	5	0
$30,000 to $39,999	20	10	10	202,095	92,015	110,080	35	20	15
$40,000 to $49,999	35	15	20	193,315	92,690	100,625	25	10	10
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	15	181,745	89,815	91,930	20	15	10
$60,000 to $69,999	30	20	5	161,830	85,450	76,375	15	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	30	10	20	133,940	78,540	55,400	5	0	5
$80,000 to $89,999	15	15	0	110,580	67,335	43,240	5	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	20	10	15	101,430	59,855	41,575	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	90	60	35	366,350	264,635	101,720	15	10	0
$100,000 to $124,999	40	20	15	158,925	103,055	55,870	10	10	0
$125,000 and over	50	35	15	207,430	161,580	45,850	5	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	465	250	215	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	350	175	170
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	445	235	210	3,147,180	1,561,420	1,585,760	325	170	160
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	57,600	47,200	44,400	54,800	36,400	30,800	41,600	24,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	445	235	210	3,148,375	1,561,645	1,586,735	325	170	160
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	47,600	42,000	39,600	47,600	33,600	28,200	36,000	24,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	430	230	200	2,869,935	1,456,690	1,413,250	265	150	125
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600	58,800	45,200	43,200	54,000	34,400	33,200	40,800	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	395	205	190	2,438,175	1,267,255	1,170,925	220	130	100
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,800	58,800	49,200	44,400	55,200	36,000	36,400	43,600	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	385	205	180	2,675,790	1,312,270	1,363,520	295	150	145
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	820	780	850	1,620	1,010	4,080	2,760	1,250	6,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	30	20	15	245,140	118,390	126,750	35	20	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,160	x	x	6,240	5,640	7,050	4,600	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	480	260	215	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	320	170	145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	460	250	215	3,146,890	1,560,995	1,585,890	270	160	110
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,000	62,000	59,600	60,750	74,200	47,560	36,800	42,000	29,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	460	250	215	3,147,975	1,561,230	1,586,750	270	160	110
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,800	51,200	48,400	49,720	59,050	40,520	32,400	36,000	27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	460	250	210	2,871,550	1,456,805	1,414,740	230	145	85
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,400	59,600	56,800	60,350	74,400	45,840	36,000	42,000	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	415	220	200	2,438,445	1,267,615	1,170,835	205	130	70
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,600	62,400	56,400	59,450	72,000	45,800	38,000	43,000	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	390	215	175	2,676,295	1,312,765	1,363,530	230	135	100
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,700	2,880	4,720	6,720	5,635	7,770	6,900	4,300	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50	35	0	244,330	117,410	126,920	25	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	4,400	...	7,990	7,020	8,900	6,400	...	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	475	260	215	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	320	175	140
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	210	110	100	1,111,760	636,785	474,975	105	60	40
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	60,800	66,500	68,500	77,500	58,800	49,200	52,400	37,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,500	80,000	76,000	83,800	95,700	67,800	50,000	60,000	37,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	160	85	75	941,295	443,225	498,070	70	45	20
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000	33,600	22,600	30,000	37,200	25,400	22,800	28,800	x
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,500	49,000	28,000	43,280	54,050	33,720	31,000	36,000	19,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	95.0	96.0	94.0	90.6	93.6	86.0	84.0	92.0	68.0
Employment income (%)	88.0	88.0	88.0	75.8	78.8	71.0	78.0	84.0	64.0
Government transfers (%)	5.1	4.0	6.5	9.4	6.4	14.0	16.0	8.4	32.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.0	x	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.4	x	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	315	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	60,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	185	...	...	424,055	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	48,000	...	...	28,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	42,400	...	...	28,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	135	...	...	1,209,165	...	...	115	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	330	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	165	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	119,700	...	...	69,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	98,800	...	...	60,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	185	...	...	424,120	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	62,050	...	...	42,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	51,400	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	150	...	...	1,209,100	...	...	105	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	115,500	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	315	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	175	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	16,810	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	8,310	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	12,525	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	17,725	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	49,050	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	52,025	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	41,490	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	48,190	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	52,710	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	51,200	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	104,130	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	106,340	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30	...	...	104,230	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	30	...	...	98,820	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	93,990	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	125	...	...	775,675	...	...	55	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	50	...	...	204,960	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	156,945	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	35	...	...	200,675	...	...	10	...	...
$200,000 and over	20	...	...	213,100	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	315	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	175	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	18,920	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	8,620	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	12,950	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	18,925	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	52,455	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	58,000	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	48,620	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	56,195	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	62,115	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	60,880	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	126,900	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35	...	...	127,780	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	35	...	...	122,795	...	...	10	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	35	...	...	117,335	...	...	5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25	...	...	106,445	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	85	...	...	634,290	...	...	40	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	35	...	...	214,810	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	149,640	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	25	...	...	269,845	...	...	10	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	115	...	...	1,150,150	...	...	110	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.4	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	70	...	...	423,245	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	527,475	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5	...	...	162,425	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	72,000	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	66,000	...	...	52,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.0	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	225	130	95	612,970	318,840	294,130	100	60	35
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	64,000	64,000	64,000	43,600	46,400	40,800	32,800	38,000	25,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,800	52,800	57,600	39,200	41,200	37,200	30,400	33,600	25,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	120	...	...	1,149,555	...	...	95	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	115,100	...	...	67,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	55	...	...	423,255	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	128,400	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	528,270	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	167,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	136,200	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	161,495	...	...	25	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	85,100	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	74,800	...	...	52,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	240	140	100	612,950	318,115	294,835	100	60	35
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	72,000	66,000	80,000	56,550	60,100	52,750	39,500	48,000	26,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	60,000	55,000	67,000	47,360	49,600	44,960	35,500	42,000	24,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	510	270	235	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,535	415	215	200
0 to 17 years	40	20	20	953,865	490,345	463,520	75	40	35
0 to 5 years	25	10	10	302,980	155,160	147,820	15	10	10
18 to 64 years	425	230	195	2,638,940	1,317,995	1,320,945	290	150	140
65 years and over	35	15	25	584,915	279,845	305,065	50	25	25
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	50	35	10	382,820	182,970	199,855	60	25	40
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	107,130	54,765	52,370	15	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	36,250	18,465	17,790	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	35	25	10	213,795	103,030	110,765	40	15	20
65 years and over	10	5	5	61,890	25,180	36,720	10	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6	13.0	6.0	9.2	8.8	9.6	14.4	11.0	18.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	11.2	11.2	11.3	18.0	x	20.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	12.0	11.9	12.0	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	8.5	11.0	6.0	8.1	7.8	8.4	14.0	12.0	15.0
65 years and over (%)	16.0	25.0	x	10.6	9.0	12.0	16.0	x	25.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	505	270	240	4,132,995	2,065,555	2,067,435	415	210	200
0 to 17 years	45	25	20	936,965	481,700	455,265	75	35	35
0 to 5 years	20	10	10	298,005	152,625	145,380	20	5	10
18 to 64 years	430	230	195	2,614,300	1,305,610	1,308,690	285	150	135
65 years and over	40	15	20	581,730	278,250	303,475	50	25	30
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	35	25	10	187,885	96,630	91,255	60	30	30
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	43,110	21,925	21,180	15	10	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	13,945	7,045	6,900	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	30	20	10	130,620	68,100	62,525	45	20	25
65 years and over	0	0	0	14,155	6,605	7,550	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.8	9.5	4.0	4.6	4.7	4.4	14.4	14.0	15.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.7	18.0	16.0	20.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	4.7	4.6	4.8	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	9.5	5.0	5.0	5.2	4.8	15.6	15.0	17.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	2.4	2.4	2.5	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	510	270	240	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	410	210	200
In bottom half of the distribution	240	130	110	1,894,410	924,245	970,165	290	145	145
In bottom decile	50	35	15	345,410	172,330	173,080	80	40	40
In second decile	40	20	20	385,215	179,975	205,240	35	15	20
In third decile	55	25	30	380,170	184,770	195,400	55	20	30
In fourth decile	55	30	25	386,560	190,330	196,235	75	35	35
In fifth decile	45	20	20	397,055	196,830	200,215	50	30	20
In top half of the distribution	265	140	130	2,283,310	1,163,940	1,119,365	130	70	55
In sixth decile	40	20	20	406,615	204,040	202,575	50	30	20
In seventh decile	45	20	20	420,810	212,460	208,350	45	20	20
In eighth decile	50	25	25	440,225	223,690	216,535	10	5	0
In ninth decile	50	25	30	470,850	240,765	230,085	10	5	0
In top decile	80	50	35	544,810	282,985	261,825	20	10	10
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	505	...	...	4,177,720	...	...	415	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.336	...	...	0.350	...	...	0.283	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.418	...	...	0.450	...	...	0.452	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.303	...	...	0.307	...	...	0.256	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.2	...	...	3.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	505	270	240	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	415	215	200
English only	445	235	205	3,894,690	1,960,785	1,933,905	385	200	185
French only	0	0	0	3,105	1,330	1,780	0	0	0
English and French	55	30	25	258,330	119,725	138,605	20	10	10
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	65,705	26,945	38,760	15	5	10
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	505	270	240	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	415	215	200
English	485	260	230	4,078,135	2,042,220	2,035,915	395	200	195
French	15	10	10	64,440	32,960	31,485	10	5	5
English and French	0	0	0	15,525	7,680	7,840	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	63,735	25,925	37,810	10	5	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	505	270	240	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	415	215	200
Single responses	495	260	230	4,055,375	2,028,210	2,027,165	405	215	195
Official languages	340	185	160	3,148,690	1,591,780	1,556,910	315	165	155
English	330	180	150	3,083,840	1,558,570	1,525,265	305	155	150
French	15	5	10	64,855	33,210	31,645	5	10	0
Non-official languages	155	75	75	906,680	436,430	470,250	95	45	50
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	17,200	8,165	9,035	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15,155	7,265	7,890	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,470	1,160	1,315	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,370	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,365	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	1,590	705	890	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	1,305	650	655	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	9,255	4,495	4,760	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	385	180	205	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,345	610	735	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,335	605	725	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,075	495	585	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	145	40	100	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	115	35	80	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	445	205	235	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	360	175	180	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	155	75	75	889,485	428,270	461,215	95	45	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	82,270	42,330	39,935	20	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	335	185	150	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	95	60	30	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	14,995	7,485	7,515	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	650	345	300	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	3,485	1,780	1,705	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10,750	5,280	5,470	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	15	15	66,720	34,555	32,165	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	8,165	3,925	4,245	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5	46,425	24,385	22,045	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	835	405	430	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	445	225	220	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	215	105	110	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	885	455	425	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	20	10	10	10,065	5,210	4,855	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	50	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	25,655	11,520	14,135	30	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,775	800	975	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	23,705	10,615	13,090	25	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	175	100	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	131,755	58,110	73,640	5	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	535	235	295	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,265	985	1,285	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	0	5,210	2,300	2,910	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	2,370	1,005	1,370	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	7,440	3,325	4,110	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,275	510	765	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	370	155	220	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	165	80	90	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,275	620	650	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	515	235	280	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	0	108,395	47,810	60,590	5	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	415	195	225	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,075	475	605	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	1,745	875	875	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	270	130	140	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	420	215	210	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	17,170	8,845	8,330	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	585	295	295	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	8,785	4,450	4,330	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	4,950	2,610	2,340	0	0	0
Telugu	5	0	0	2,715	1,425	1,295	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	200	110	90	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	65	35	30	454,815	224,310	230,505	30	15	20
Albanian	0	0	0	2,345	1,250	1,100	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	10	70,185	32,420	37,760	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	885	405	475	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	365	165	205	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	515	240	275	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	10	69,305	32,020	37,285	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,300	640	660	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,700	1,265	1,435	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	365	185	185	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	17,540	8,130	9,410	0	0	0
Russian	5	5	5	17,735	7,850	9,890	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10,350	5,085	5,270	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,860	905	960	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	4,260	2,105	2,155	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	4,040	1,975	2,065	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	100	90	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,865	910	950	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	555	245	305	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	16,750	7,630	9,125	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	295	165	130	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	75	45	25	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	20	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	145	75	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	93,145	45,830	47,320	5	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	0	60,990	29,660	31,325	5	0	5
German	5	5	0	59,835	29,055	30,775	5	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,045	550	495	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	28,670	14,425	14,245	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	3,150	1,555	1,595	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	13,140	6,605	6,535	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,060	1,545	1,510	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	8,815	4,455	4,355	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	245	120	125	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,540	1,615	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	1,850	945	910	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	525	245	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	680	310	370	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,820	1,430	1,385	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	197,415	100,095	97,320	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	5	176,130	89,315	86,820	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,735	3,900	3,835	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	15,330	7,920	7,415	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	0	18,815	9,525	9,285	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,625	720	905	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	345	170	180	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	1,910	970	935	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5,900	3,035	2,865	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	185	100	90	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	91,070	46,205	44,870	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	345	340	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	2,700	1,380	1,325	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0	28,635	14,425	14,210	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	945	495	445	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	21,225	10,750	10,470	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,010	1,035	975	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,960	1,505	1,460	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	5	16,065	8,115	7,955	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	5,005	2,490	2,515	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	9,030	4,585	4,445	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,035	1,040	995	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	10	88,045	42,845	45,205	15	10	5
Catalan	0	0	0	70	30	45	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	9,505	4,745	4,755	5	5	0
Portuguese	5	0	5	9,910	4,750	5,165	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	5	7,425	3,635	3,790	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	5	61,090	29,655	31,435	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,575	1,550	3,025	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	5	19,240	8,935	10,305	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	565	255	310	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	16,500	8,265	8,235	10	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,660	855	800	10	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	245	125	115	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	225	125	95	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	1,380	725	650	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,135	550	585	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	200	100	95	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	390	190	205	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	655	305	350	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	1,105	530	580	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	150	50	100	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	2,455	1,165	1,290	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	265	145	115	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	3,205	1,710	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,265	1,090	1,170	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	2,450	1,275	1,175	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	1,040	575	470	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	625	290	335	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	650	340	310	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	695	370	330	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	118,025	54,995	63,030	0	0	0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	115,870	53,935	61,940	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	880	405	470	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	5	54,135	25,165	28,970	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,400	1,040	1,360	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	440	215	225	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	56,280	26,280	30,005	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,605	760	845	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	2,055	1,015	1,040	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	415	205	215	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	725	365	355	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	585	290	290	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	670	335	335	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	3,040	1,110	1,935	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	950	460	490	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	2,010	620	1,390	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	4,335	2,360	1,975	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	440	235	200	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,290	1,825	1,460	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	240	130	110	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	65	75	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	6,120	2,890	3,230	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	700	285	415	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	5,255	2,530	2,725	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	85	80	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	10	5	166,455	80,575	85,890	5	5	0
English and French	0	0	0	17,600	8,520	9,085	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	131,195	63,735	67,465	5	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,125	1,535	1,590	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,425	1,160	1,270	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	5	0	12,105	5,625	6,480	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	505	270	240	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	415	215	200
English	355	190	165	3,183,975	1,606,395	1,577,580	300	155	140
French	0	0	0	15,490	7,660	7,835	0	0	0
Non-official language	30	20	10	272,985	131,515	141,475	35	15	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	3,700	1,890	1,805	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	20	10	269,280	129,620	139,665	35	15	15
English and French	10	5	10	41,100	19,580	21,515	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	95	50	50	664,935	323,185	341,750	70	35	40
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,590	725	865	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	17,280	8,175	9,105	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	24,475	11,545	12,930	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	505	270	240	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	415	215	200
Single responses	495	265	230	4,054,960	2,027,555	2,027,400	395	200	190
Official languages	415	220	195	3,504,300	1,758,870	1,745,425	330	175	160
English	405	215	190	3,481,545	1,747,645	1,733,895	330	170	160
French	5	5	5	22,755	11,225	11,530	5	5	5
Non-official languages	80	45	35	550,665	268,690	281,975	60	25	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	7,175	3,615	3,565	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	6,355	3,210	3,140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	965	490	475	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	475	235	240	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	290	150	145	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,510	2,275	2,230	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	685	345	340	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	680	340	340	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	585	300	290	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	80	45	35	543,490	265,075	278,415	60	25	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	52,375	26,290	26,085	5	0	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	165	85	80	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10,170	5,010	5,155	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	2,580	1,305	1,270	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	7,045	3,425	3,620	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	41,920	21,120	20,800	5	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0	5,025	2,385	2,635	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	28,040	14,195	13,840	5	0	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	630	310	325	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	310	155	160	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	415	215	200	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	10	10	7,600	3,905	3,700	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	35	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	17,075	7,795	9,285	20	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	975	430	545	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	15,945	7,280	8,670	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	155	90	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	0	82,190	38,845	43,345	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,250	595	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,990	1,435	1,555	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,290	610	680	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	4,450	2,075	2,375	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	435	215	220	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	210	95	120	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	65	30	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	700	330	370	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	69,570	32,865	36,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	1,010	485	525	10	10	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	295	140	155	10	10	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	235	115	115	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	205	105	100	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	11,840	5,985	5,855	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	305	150	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	6,270	3,150	3,120	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	3,480	1,790	1,690	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,705	860	845	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	130	75	60	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	20	10	265,460	131,850	133,610	10	10	5
Albanian	0	0	0	1,040	550	490	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	245	115	125	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	28,760	13,815	14,945	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	345	175	170	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	205	105	105	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	28,415	13,640	14,775	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	595	290	305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	765	365	400	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	6,810	3,230	3,575	0	0	0
Russian	5	5	5	10,885	5,205	5,680	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,370	2,105	2,265	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,525	740	785	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,055	990	1,065	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	585	285	295	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	105	50	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,080	1,990	2,090	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	40,925	20,195	20,730	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	29,275	14,360	14,920	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	29,025	14,235	14,790	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	11,310	5,675	5,630	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,720	850	870	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,520	725	800	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,280	1,170	1,115	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5,620	2,850	2,770	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	130	55	75	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	935	430	505	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	146,225	73,640	72,580	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	5	132,370	66,780	65,590	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	5,085	2,505	2,580	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10,620	5,435	5,185	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	12,295	6,225	6,075	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	830	345	480	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	1,145	570	570	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	4,280	2,200	2,080	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	75,180	38,085	37,090	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	405	205	200	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,595	790	805	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0	20,080	9,990	10,085	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	13,835	6,850	6,980	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,310	655	660	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,920	960	960	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	5	10,495	5,190	5,310	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	2,990	1,435	1,560	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	6,150	3,065	3,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	47,235	23,055	24,180	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	2,140	915	1,220	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,585	2,230	2,355	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	3,525	1,745	1,775	0	0	0
Spanish	5	5	5	36,925	18,135	18,790	10	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,195	920	1,275	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	5	14,510	6,915	7,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	360	165	200	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,470	3,055	3,415	10	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	750	370	380	10	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	445	215	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	565	255	315	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	330	160	175	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	375	180	195	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	1,100	505	595	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	175	100	80	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	670	300	375	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,265	640	625	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	560	310	245	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	280	135	145	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,325	765	560	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,065	610	455	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	150	105	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	81,325	38,350	42,970	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	5	5	79,775	37,570	42,200	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	310	125	180	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	0	40,005	19,245	20,765	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	985	405	575	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	265	130	140	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	37,205	17,195	20,010	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	965	455	505	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,505	765	745	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	250	125	125	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	565	280	280	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	460	230	225	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	510	265	245	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,410	655	755	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	430	205	230	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	930	430	495	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	2,685	1,405	1,285	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	235	115	120	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,180	1,145	1,035	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,805	860	945	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	110	55	50	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,675	795	880	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	5	5	166,875	81,225	85,650	25	15	10
English and French	0	0	0	8,010	3,875	4,130	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	152,980	74,600	78,375	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	770	345	430	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,755	845	915	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	3,355	1,560	1,795	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	505	270	240	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	415	210	200
None	400	215	180	3,610,710	1,812,855	1,797,850	360	185	170
English	40	20	20	224,860	111,370	113,495	20	5	10
French	10	5	5	30,900	14,530	16,375	0	0	0
Non-official language	45	20	25	279,795	133,050	146,750	30	15	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10,470	4,835	5,630	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	20	25	269,325	128,210	141,115	30	15	15
English and French	0	0	0	2,825	1,370	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	34,750	17,340	17,410	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	7,875	3,655	4,220	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	565	295	275	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	29,550	14,325	15,225	5	5	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	590	315	275	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	365	195	170
Official languages	570	305	275	4,113,035	2,061,660	2,051,375	360	190	170
English	570	305	275	4,109,720	2,060,230	2,049,495	360	190	170
French	80	35	45	260,415	119,860	140,560	35	25	15
Non-official languages	250	140	105	1,215,795	587,465	628,325	115	65	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	32,910	15,640	17,275	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	29,220	13,945	15,275	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	6,605	3,085	3,515	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	22,000	10,590	11,410	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	21,980	10,585	11,395	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	190	100	90	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	4,265	1,840	2,425	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	2,155	1,060	1,100	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15,405	7,600	7,800	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,050	480	570	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	1,020	470	555	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	635	290	345	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,510	1,145	1,365	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,490	1,140	1,350	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,760	840	920	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	395	165	230	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	285	120	165	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	125	45	80	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	160	55	100	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	10	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	1,155	580	580	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	200	105	95	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	890	455	430	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	35	65	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	250	140	105	1,183,510	572,060	611,450	115	65	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	45	40	123,440	63,820	59,620	15	0	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	630	370	260	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	180	135	45	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	40	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	845	500	345	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	810	470	335	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	35	30	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	20,915	10,520	10,385	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	810	415	385	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5,390	2,775	2,610	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	14,865	7,395	7,475	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Semitic languages	90	45	40	105,580	54,910	50,670	15	0	10
Amharic	0	0	0	15,775	8,070	7,700	0	0	0
Arabic	25	15	10	76,760	40,430	36,335	15	0	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	1,125	625	495	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	435	255	190	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	235	125	105	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,710	1,935	1,770	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tigrigna	70	35	35	15,380	7,855	7,515	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	420	285	130	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	35,940	16,645	19,295	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,685	1,275	1,410	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	33,020	15,240	17,785	40	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	390	225	165	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	15	0	181,630	80,370	101,260	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	1,140	605	535	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,010	1,285	1,720	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	8,560	3,850	4,710	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	330	170	165	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	3,750	1,590	2,160	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	13,710	5,825	7,885	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	2,410	1,045	1,355	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	615	230	380	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	175	95	80	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	1,705	805	900	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	2,670	1,210	1,465	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	1,215	560	660	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	172,625	76,255	96,375	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	1,015	460	550	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,045	2,295	2,750	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	5,360	2,730	2,630	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	1,435	765	670	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	480	210	275	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	530	260	270	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	30	25	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,250	670	585	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,160	580	580	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25,790	13,240	12,545	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	1,785	915	870	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	12,090	6,195	5,890	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,105	5,340	4,760	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	5,040	2,575	2,465	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	90	65	25	607,625	300,360	307,265	35	15	20
Albanian	0	0	0	3,130	1,730	1,405	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	795	440	355	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	88,305	41,660	46,640	10	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	975	425	545	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	330	130	195	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	650	300	350	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	87,775	41,425	46,350	10	0	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	280	120	165	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,680	800	880	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	3,880	1,930	1,950	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	635	295	345	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	22,385	10,655	11,730	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	29,760	14,030	15,725	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	40	35	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	13,860	6,820	7,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,470	1,675	1,795	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,945	3,440	3,510	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	6,415	3,155	3,260	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	2,540	1,165	1,375	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	770	335	440	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	23,340	10,625	12,715	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	107,065	53,150	53,915	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	385	175	210	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	66,405	33,105	33,300	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	65,370	32,550	32,820	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,585	785	800	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	215	135	85	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	38,720	19,390	19,320	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5,940	3,005	2,935	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	17,170	8,515	8,655	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,055	2,030	2,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	290	150	140	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	11,395	5,810	5,590	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	370	180	195	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	5,305	2,545	2,760	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,525	1,295	1,225	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	135	45	85	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	1,235	555	680	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,620	760	855	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	4,645	2,365	2,280	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	35	10	266,095	135,440	130,660	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	40	30	10	242,500	123,495	119,005	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,675	5,385	5,285	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	24,780	12,630	12,150	0	0	0
Hindi	40	30	10	94,015	48,065	45,945	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	3,495	1,550	1,945	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	860	430	425	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	4,030	2,080	1,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	6,995	3,620	3,370	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	245	115	135	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	126,385	64,695	61,690	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	1,380	755	620	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	3,960	1,950	2,010	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	51,540	26,420	25,125	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,155	970	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	27,205	13,830	13,380	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	95	60	35	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,510	1,335	1,180	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	4,550	2,335	2,220	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	20,940	10,630	10,310	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	7,385	3,640	3,745	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	11,130	5,755	5,370	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,710	1,390	1,320	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	105	100	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	185	130	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	25	0	154,035	74,195	79,845	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	19,480	9,525	9,960	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	14,645	7,290	7,355	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	9,765	4,930	4,830	0	0	0
Spanish	15	15	0	116,070	55,430	60,640	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	455	270	185	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	300	135	165	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10,925	4,845	6,080	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	23,030	10,705	12,325	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	790	355	435	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	15	41,335	20,960	20,375	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	3,555	1,805	1,755	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	735	400	335	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	475	270	205	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	515	265	255	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	730	350	380	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	420	205	210	0	0	0
Igbo	30	10	15	4,685	2,390	2,295	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,955	1,010	945	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,555	790	765	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	330	180	145	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	950	465	480	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,305	675	630	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	2,160	1,035	1,130	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	320	140	180	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	9,495	5,040	4,455	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	730	400	330	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10,490	5,265	5,220	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	6,385	3,160	3,230	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	3,615	1,890	1,725	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	1,595	850	740	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	745	355	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,285	695	590	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	440	240	200	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	6,525	2,455	4,070	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5,685	2,100	3,585	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	970	415	550	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10	144,545	68,355	76,190	0	0	0
Chinese languages	15	0	10	141,465	66,830	74,635	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	1,450	630	820	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	82,095	38,175	43,915	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	4,250	1,825	2,425	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	615	280	335	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	74,960	35,260	39,700	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,795	860	930	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	3,035	1,510	1,520	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	895	450	450	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	1,095	555	545	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	970	485	480	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	825	435	390	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	325	135	195	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	75	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	4,335	1,770	2,565	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,515	755	760	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,030	1,125	1,905	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220	90	130	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	7,450	4,015	3,435	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	950	500	445	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,830	3,285	2,540	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	205	80	120	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	435	225	210	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	260	110	140	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	7,950	3,810	4,140	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	245	105	135	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,020	480	540	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	6,700	3,235	3,465	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,135	630	505	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	590	315	275	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	370	195	170
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	284,470	137,665	146,800	25	15	10
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	276,060	133,625	142,435	25	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	145,640	70,360	75,285	10	0	10
Métis	0	0	0	127,470	61,780	65,690	20	15	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	2,945	1,480	1,465	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	4,785	2,435	2,350	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	3,620	1,610	2,010	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	585	310	275	3,893,245	1,950,565	1,942,685	335	180	155
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	590	315	275	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	370	195	170
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	126,530	61,050	65,485	10	0	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	590	315	275	4,051,185	2,027,185	2,024,000	360	195	160
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	330	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	165	...	...
Owner	130	...	...	1,157,495	...	...	85	...	...
Renter	205	...	...	465,220	...	...	80	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	330	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	165	...	...
Condominium	290	...	...	294,875	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	40	...	...	1,338,345	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	330	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	165	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	9,160	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	140	...	...	158,300	...	...	10	...	...
2 bedrooms	190	...	...	350,400	...	...	50	...	...
3 bedrooms	0	...	...	566,750	...	...	85	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...	548,610	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	330	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	165	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	285	...	...	427,120	...	...	45	...	...
5 rooms	40	...	...	258,680	...	...	40	...	...
6 rooms	0	...	...	235,145	...	...	35	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	206,130	...	...	15	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	506,150	...	...	30	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.4	...	...	6.4	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	330	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	165	...	...
One person or fewer per room	290	...	...	1,589,600	...	...	160	...	...
More than one person per room	40	...	...	43,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	330	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	165	...	...
Suitable	300	...	...	1,556,960	...	...	155	...	...
Not suitable	30	...	...	76,260	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	330	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	165	...	...
1960 or before	20	...	...	168,925	...	...	100	...	...
1961 to 1980	75	...	...	428,655	...	...	50	...	...
1981 to 1990	10	...	...	188,550	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	40	...	...	224,315	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	70	...	...	152,840	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	90	...	...	168,905	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	20	...	...	161,095	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	15	...	...	139,935	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	330	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	165	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	320	...	...	1,543,795	...	...	145	...	...
Major repairs needed	10	...	...	89,420	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	330	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	165	...	...
One-maintainer household	230	...	...	802,915	...	...	95	...	...
Two-maintainer household	100	...	...	745,175	...	...	55	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	85,130	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	330	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	165	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	51,475	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	150	...	...	260,820	...	...	20	...	...
35 to 44 years	100	...	...	341,390	...	...	30	...	...
45 to 54 years	25	...	...	304,080	...	...	30	...	...
55 to 64 years	30	...	...	311,335	...	...	45	...	...
65 to 74 years	10	...	...	222,825	...	...	20	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	105,505	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	35,775	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	330	...	...	1,588,960	...	...	165	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	260	...	...	1,251,370	...	...	130	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	70	...	...	337,585	...	...	35	...	...
30% to less than 100%	65	...	...	306,355	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	330	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	463,775	...	...	55	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	75	...	...	304,300	...	...	30	...	...
Not suitable only	30	...	...	58,970	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	61,750	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	11,080	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	21,460	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	5,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	740	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	220	...	...	1,169,450	...	...	110	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	320	...	...	1,557,725	...	...	160	...	...
In core need	35	...	...	154,230	...	...	25	...	...
Not in core need	290	...	...	1,403,495	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	125	...	...	1,131,995	...	...	85	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	76.0	...	...	64.2	...	...	76.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.0	...	...	16.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.6	...	...	23.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,640	...	...	1,600	...	...	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,640	...	...	1,678	...	...	1,320	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	320,000	...	...	400,000	...	...	320,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	448,800	...	...	330,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	205	...	...	463,570	...	...	85	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	9.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.0	...	...	34.0	...	...	29.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.0	...	...	20.7	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,310	...	...	1,280	...	...	1,270	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,260	...	...	1,332	...	...	1,180	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	5.5	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	302	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	350	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	590	315	275	4,177,715	2,088,230	2,089,480	365	195	170
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	135,650	66,545	69,110	10	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	131,200	64,375	66,820	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	101,455	49,465	51,990	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	28,695	14,340	14,355	10	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	1,050	570	480	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	4,455	2,175	2,285	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	4,090	1,985	2,100	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	160	75	90	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	160	85	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	25	10	10	187,365	90,475	96,890	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	25	10	10	180,640	87,270	93,375	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	102,335	49,695	52,640	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	76,055	36,420	39,640	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,255	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	6,720	3,210	3,515	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	6,150	2,915	3,235	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	205	130	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	565	300	265	3,854,695	1,931,210	1,923,485	350	190	155
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	595	315	275	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	365	195	175
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	490	265	225	3,792,705	1,903,020	1,889,685	325	175	150
Canadian citizens aged under 18	95	45	50	900,670	463,925	436,745	65	20	45
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	395	220	180	2,892,035	1,439,095	1,452,945	265	160	110
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	100	50	50	385,010	185,215	199,795	35	20	15
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	595	315	275	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	365	195	175
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	360	180	180	3,141,915	1,585,765	1,556,150	230	115	120
Immigrants⁸¹	225	130	90	970,970	468,250	502,725	100	55	45
Before 1980	0	0	0	127,275	62,275	65,005	15	15	0
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	91,320	44,550	46,770	25	15	15
1991 to 2000	20	20	0	126,605	60,125	66,480	15	0	10
2001 to 2010	80	50	30	239,260	115,815	123,445	25	15	10
2011 to 2021⁸²	110	55	55	386,510	185,485	201,025	25	15	10
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	193,335	93,675	99,665	20	15	10
2016 to 2021	100	50	55	193,175	91,810	101,360	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10	10	0	64,830	34,215	30,610	30	20	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	225	130	95	970,975	468,250	502,725	105	55	45
Under 5 years	10	0	0	85,135	43,645	41,485	20	15	0
5 to 14 years	45	30	10	169,075	87,630	81,440	20	10	10
15 to 24 years	20	15	10	175,855	81,330	94,525	25	20	0
25 to 44 years	140	75	60	450,070	213,555	236,510	20	10	10
45 years and over	0	0	0	90,845	42,090	48,760	15	0	15
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	225	130	95	970,975	468,250	502,725	105	55	45
Americas	20	15	0	110,855	51,790	59,065	15	10	0
Brazil	0	0	0	3,800	1,590	2,210	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	10,385	4,855	5,535	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,940	3,340	3,600	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	2,375	1,175	1,205	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	1,370	745	625	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	8,695	4,160	4,530	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	17,990	8,935	9,055	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,905	825	1,075	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	3,360	1,560	1,800	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	30,540	13,490	17,050	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	23,500	11,110	12,395	0	0	0
Europe	15	0	10	180,590	90,195	90,395	15	0	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	4,335	2,155	2,185	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	3,405	1,710	1,700	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	2,720	1,330	1,390	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	16,635	8,000	8,635	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	855	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	3,080	1,505	1,580	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	6,990	3,605	3,380	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	12,730	6,680	6,050	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	15,595	7,280	8,315	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	3,730	1,895	1,835	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	7,190	3,585	3,605	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,470	3,205	4,260	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	2,220	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	8,915	4,050	4,870	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	56,675	29,555	27,125	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	26,990	13,535	13,460	0	0	0
Africa	100	50	50	119,295	60,715	58,580	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	1,220	665	560	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	3,215	1,640	1,575	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	6,760	3,660	3,095	0	0	0
Eritrea	55	30	30	9,720	5,230	4,495	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	14,420	7,085	7,340	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	2,130	1,100	1,035	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	10	10	21,065	10,925	10,145	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	8,545	4,260	4,285	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	8,960	4,430	4,535	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	0	10	43,250	21,720	21,530	0	0	0
Asia	90	60	30	549,965	260,520	289,440	60	35	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0	6,585	3,235	3,350	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	8,865	4,625	4,245	0	0	0
Iraq	10	10	0	6,220	3,225	2,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,960	5,375	4,585	15	0	10
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	9,975	5,310	4,665	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	2,830	1,575	1,260	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0	61,390	27,935	33,455	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	18,725	9,090	9,630	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	16,180	7,545	8,635	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	3,395	1,415	1,980	0	0	0
Philippines	10	10	0	167,735	74,205	93,530	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	27,880	12,700	15,180	35	25	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0	6,035	3,080	2,960	0	0	0
India	35	20	15	122,150	61,405	60,740	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	30,810	15,690	15,120	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	4,930	2,490	2,445	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	46,305	21,615	24,690	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	10,275	5,030	5,240	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	105	50	55	193,170	91,815	101,360	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	19,300	8,985	10,320	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,365	555	810	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,310	535	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	220	135	85	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	2,130	985	1,145	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	4,165	2,140	2,025	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	5,175	2,460	2,715	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,220	525	695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,715	1,645	2,070	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	15,750	7,955	7,795	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	405	200	200	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	750	310	445	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	1,060	640	425	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	470	285	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	1,090	395	695	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,045	920	1,125	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	3,800	2,170	1,630	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	6,135	3,045	3,090	0	0	0
Africa	70	35	35	34,320	16,870	17,450	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	155	50	105	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	450	220	230	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	905	385	520	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,190	595	595	0	0	0
Eritrea	45	30	20	5,120	2,665	2,450	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	3,960	1,865	2,100	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	510	215	290	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	0	10	9,840	4,950	4,890	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	1,960	970	985	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,950	1,025	930	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	1,135	530	605	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	250	150	105	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	5,725	2,680	3,040	0	0	0
Asia	25	15	15	122,360	57,210	65,145	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,350	655	700	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	9,495	4,095	5,400	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	730	330	395	0	0	0
India	15	0	10	31,815	16,070	15,745	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	1,420	665	750	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	1,305	625	680	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	660	365	295	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	335	50	285	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	455	235	220	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,425	1,440	1,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	955	455	500	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	1,365	670	695	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	4,085	1,950	2,130	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	47,605	21,395	26,215	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	690	360	325	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	740	370	365	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	7,295	3,900	3,400	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	845	405	440	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	375	315	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,760	580	1,180	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	4,205	1,670	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	1,445	785	655	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	940	510	430	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	500	280	220	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	590	315	275	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	365	195	170
First generation¹⁰⁰	235	140	95	1,074,140	522,255	551,885	135	80	55
Second generation¹⁰¹	135	65	70	777,505	391,285	386,215	55	20	35
Third generation or more¹⁰²	220	105	115	2,326,075	1,174,690	1,151,385	180	100	80
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	215	125	90	843,700	405,975	437,720	85	45	40
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	115	80	35	471,325	236,805	234,520	30	15	10
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	50	40	15	192,785	116,035	76,755	10	0	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	60	45	15	278,535	120,765	157,765	15	10	10
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	55	25	25	240,090	98,410	141,680	35	15	20
Refugees¹⁰⁸	50	20	30	123,970	66,715	57,255	20	10	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	8,315	4,050	4,265	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	215	125	90	843,700	405,975	437,720	85	45	40
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	29,815	17,215	12,595	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	126,640	57,515	69,125	15	10	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	20	0	24,340	12,430	11,910	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	0	47,540	25,735	21,805	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	3,740	1,430	2,305	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	180	100	80	611,625	291,650	319,975	65	30	35
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	590	315	275	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	365	200	170
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	275	150	125	1,161,420	571,535	589,885	120	65	55
South Asian	70	35	30	297,650	152,030	145,620	0	0	0
Chinese	25	15	10	164,235	79,520	84,710	0	0	0
Black	105	45	55	177,940	90,375	87,570	35	25	10
Filipino	10	10	0	216,710	99,540	117,170	0	0	0
Arab	35	25	10	69,505	36,555	32,955	15	0	10
Latin American	0	0	0	66,520	32,115	34,405	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	54,005	25,215	28,790	40	20	20
West Asian	0	0	0	25,075	12,835	12,240	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	24,365	11,600	12,770	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	13,560	6,135	7,425	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	12,100	5,985	6,120	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	39,745	19,625	20,120	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	315	165	145	3,016,295	1,516,700	1,499,605	240	130	115
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	595	315	275	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	365	195	170
Canadian	40	20	20	484,655	251,795	232,860	75	45	30
English	90	50	40	766,070	376,940	389,130	35	15	20
Irish	100	65	35	561,915	270,440	291,470	20	15	10
Scottish	90	50	40	631,015	309,855	321,160	30	25	10
French, n.o.s.¹²²	70	30	45	340,900	167,270	173,635	50	25	25
German	30	20	10	641,025	317,325	323,705	70	30	40
Chinese	20	10	10	177,990	85,545	92,440	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	98,730	49,855	48,875	0	0	0
Indian (India)	60	35	25	155,700	79,060	76,640	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	15	343,640	169,070	174,575	25	0	20
Dutch	45	30	15	174,625	87,015	87,610	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	10	169,925	82,005	87,915	10	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	5,380	2,810	2,570	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	10	10	0	124,835	63,065	61,770	0	0	0
Filipino	20	10	0	203,955	94,020	109,935	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	32,365	15,655	16,710	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	73,475	37,700	35,780	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	73,355	35,940	37,415	0	0	0
Métis	15	10	10	115,455	55,915	59,535	10	0	10
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	70,790	36,360	34,425	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	97,890	46,455	51,435	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	0	15	154,535	74,455	80,085	35	15	20
Welsh	0	0	0	76,810	36,840	39,970	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	21,415	10,745	10,680	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	66,100	32,535	33,560	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	40,165	18,395	21,770	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	0	92,975	43,950	49,025	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	51,360	25,175	26,185	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	10,110	5,175	4,935	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	39,535	20,140	19,390	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	34,225	17,015	17,210	0	0	0
Jewish	20	10	0	14,405	7,195	7,210	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	37,585	19,270	18,315	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	39,395	18,815	20,580	40	20	20
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	23,860	12,675	11,185	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	13,980	7,290	6,690	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	15,620	7,845	7,775	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	10	0	31,255	15,030	16,225	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	62,465	30,145	32,315	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	24,170	11,505	12,660	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	31,530	14,880	16,650	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	28,480	14,600	13,880	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	10,550	5,380	5,165	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	14,380	7,135	7,240	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	56,190	27,550	28,640	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	26,435	12,745	13,695	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	28,860	15,005	13,855	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	36,220	17,895	18,325	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	21,985	10,715	11,270	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	2,460	1,255	1,200	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	20,535	10,485	10,050	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	25,450	12,870	12,580	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	31,565	15,825	15,740	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	22,450	11,045	11,405	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	18,705	9,040	9,665	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	5,140	2,600	2,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	13,720	6,830	6,890	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	18,605	8,565	10,040	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	8,945	4,525	4,420	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	8,305	4,030	4,275	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	10	20	25,800	13,080	12,720	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	12,420	6,350	6,065	15	0	10
Egyptian	10	10	0	9,585	5,080	4,505	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	12,105	5,985	6,125	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	3,160	1,645	1,515	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	19,720	9,865	9,850	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	11,115	5,380	5,735	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	2,620	1,375	1,250	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	19,730	9,465	10,260	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	9,520	4,880	4,645	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	3,370	1,715	1,655	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	10,380	5,155	5,225	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	6,880	3,570	3,310	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	7,410	3,655	3,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	4,680	2,280	2,395	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	8,615	4,495	4,125	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	6,715	3,340	3,375	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	3,155	1,505	1,655	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	4,640	2,425	2,215	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	4,595	2,300	2,295	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	6,670	3,725	2,945	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	3,935	2,065	1,870	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	6,525	3,435	3,090	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	1,300	680	620	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	5,000	2,340	2,655	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	14,600	7,585	7,015	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	1,870	930	940	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10,525	5,200	5,320	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	7,430	3,470	3,965	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	16,310	8,160	8,150	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	3,630	1,510	2,120	0	0	0
Iraqi	25	15	0	4,725	2,385	2,345	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	7,055	3,475	3,580	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	7,445	3,460	3,980	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	5,800	3,120	2,680	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	3,670	1,735	1,930	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,680	820	860	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,215	995	1,220	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,670	2,635	3,035	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	8,400	4,055	4,345	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	8,395	4,275	4,125	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,425	2,365	2,060	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	7,350	3,765	3,590	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	3,540	1,815	1,725	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	2,590	1,280	1,310	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	13,505	6,620	6,875	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	5,735	2,690	3,045	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	2,670	1,270	1,395	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	8,895	4,535	4,360	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	4,535	2,235	2,295	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	995	550	450	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	3,240	1,810	1,430	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	1,535	800	730	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	925	440	485	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	3,860	1,935	1,925	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	10	20	5,220	2,505	2,715	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	1,545	790	760	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,210	2,140	2,070	0	0	0
Eritrean	25	0	20	11,010	5,580	5,430	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	2,605	1,305	1,305	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	1,920	995	925	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,965	1,020	950	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	8,235	3,925	4,310	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,490	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	26,600	13,605	12,990	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	4,015	2,025	1,995	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	1,725	835	895	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	3,250	1,665	1,585	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	4,085	1,990	2,095	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	855	440	415	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	3,640	1,890	1,745	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	2,125	985	1,140	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	4,170	2,065	2,100	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,240	2,015	2,220	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	250	110	140	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	2,920	1,450	1,470	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	2,190	1,090	1,095	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	2,205	1,060	1,140	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	2,395	1,185	1,210	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	3,640	1,660	1,985	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,460	1,225	1,235	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	6,045	2,785	3,255	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	2,525	1,205	1,320	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	2,405	1,230	1,175	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	1,940	965	980	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	980	465	515	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	320	190	130	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	2,030	1,030	1,000	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	2,640	1,280	1,365	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	4,155	2,040	2,115	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	2,875	1,445	1,430	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	2,195	1,125	1,070	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	1,285	650	635	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,535	1,240	2,295	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	1,005	525	480	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5,140	2,655	2,485	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	225	125	95	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	690	345	350	0	0	0
Igbo	25	10	15	5,245	2,750	2,495	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	2,310	1,120	1,190	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	4,220	2,020	2,200	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	11,115	5,290	5,830	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	2,070	1,065	1,005	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,360	645	710	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	3,175	1,630	1,545	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	5,225	2,690	2,530	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	320	155	165	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,180	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	2,640	1,205	1,435	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5,360	2,660	2,705	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	965	470	490	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	240	140	105	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	4,150	1,935	2,210	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	2,200	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	80	55	25	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	495	330	165	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	2,715	1,400	1,315	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	685	330	360	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	1,990	910	1,075	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	550	240	315	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	1,155	575	580	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	5,075	2,745	2,325	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,780	895	880	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	985	450	540	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	2,710	1,315	1,395	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	445	200	250	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	1,175	575	600	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	1,595	845	750	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	665	305	355	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	1,605	860	745	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	600	245	355	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	1,705	900	800	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	255	140	115	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	1,220	590	630	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,405	710	695	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	905	395	515	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	2,075	1,030	1,040	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	310	150	155	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	1,530	740	785	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	520	250	265	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	380	215	155	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	975	500	475	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	1,370	715	650	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	1,785	855	925	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	565	295	270	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	865	440	435	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	850	455	395	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	2,825	1,300	1,530	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	1,115	535	580	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,690	805	885	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	340	185	160	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	250	135	110	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	3,745	2,025	1,715	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	1,500	775	725	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	1,160	565	595	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	1,010	620	395	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	475	235	240	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	840	400	445	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	735	410	330	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	2,535	1,145	1,395	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	2,295	1,120	1,180	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	370	190	185	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	535	235	300	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	585	280	310	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	320	160	165	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	580	310	270	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	655	305	350	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	595	290	305	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	225	120	105	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	1,195	575	620	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	780	340	440	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	1,120	560	560	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	1,145	625	525	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	370	185	190	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	1,755	925	825	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	310	125	185	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	590	315	275	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	370	195	170
Buddhist	0	0	0	42,830	19,140	23,690	20	20	0
Christian	165	95	70	2,009,820	952,440	1,057,385	155	60	95
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	15	10	0	429,375	207,320	222,055	0	0	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	20,035	10,075	9,960	0	0	0
Anglican	15	15	0	95,560	43,925	51,635	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	44,605	20,650	23,955	0	0	0
Catholic	80	40	45	833,025	399,750	433,275	80	30	50
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	63,775	30,995	32,775	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	18,185	7,955	10,235	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	47,125	22,540	24,580	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	78,925	36,470	42,455	10	0	10
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	9,640	4,400	5,240	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	53,900	25,250	28,655	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	22,850	10,360	12,495	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	14,735	7,310	7,430	0	0	0
United Church	10	10	0	153,820	67,205	86,615	10	10	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	124,265	58,235	66,030	10	10	0
Hindu	60	35	20	78,520	40,435	38,085	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	11,390	5,475	5,915	0	0	0
Muslim	45	25	25	202,535	103,635	98,900	10	0	10
Sikh	0	0	0	103,600	52,505	51,100	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	19,755	9,640	10,120	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	33,220	14,325	18,905	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	310	160	150	1,676,045	890,645	785,400	170	105	65
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	565	305	260	4,131,540	2,064,715	2,066,825	365	195	175
Non-movers	450	240	205	3,583,005	1,793,310	1,789,695	335	180	150
Movers	115	60	55	548,535	271,400	277,130	35	15	20
Non-migrants	85	45	40	367,325	182,230	185,100	25	10	10
Migrants	25	15	15	181,205	89,170	92,035	0	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	152,655	75,275	77,380	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	107,180	52,880	54,295	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	45,475	22,390	23,090	0	0	0
External migrants	20	10	10	28,555	13,900	14,650	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	540	290	245	3,930,000	1,961,005	1,969,000	360	190	170
Non-movers	165	90	80	2,314,250	1,158,665	1,155,590	190	95	95
Movers	370	200	170	1,615,755	802,340	813,415	170	90	75
Non-migrants	205	115	90	854,765	427,660	427,105	105	50	50
Migrants	165	90	80	760,990	374,680	386,305	65	40	25
Internal migrants	55	25	25	596,980	295,120	301,860	30	15	10
Intraprovincial migrants	25	15	10	431,785	213,950	217,830	10	10	0
Interprovincial migrants	25	10	15	165,195	81,160	84,035	20	0	10
External migrants	110	60	50	164,015	79,565	84,445	35	20	15
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	475	260	215	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	320	175	140
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30	15	20	595,665	322,765	272,900	65	25	40
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	450	250	200	2,779,465	1,353,090	1,426,375	250	150	100
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	425	235	190	2,298,165	1,141,780	1,156,380	235	145	90
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20	0	0	274,480	156,485	117,990	30	10	15
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	405	225	185	2,023,680	985,290	1,038,390	205	135	70
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	480	260	215	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,275	315	175	145
No certificate, diploma or degree	25	0	15	522,835	275,555	247,275	65	25	40
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	85	45	35	972,110	482,900	489,215	145	80	65
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	370	205	160	1,880,185	917,400	962,790	110	70	40
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	100	55	45	1,014,810	524,770	490,045	90	50	40
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30	10	20	295,285	232,120	63,165	30	25	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	0	15	87,195	51,295	35,900	20	15	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	208,090	180,830	27,260	15	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	40	30	612,690	250,540	362,145	40	15	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	106,840	42,105	64,735	15	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	270	150	115	865,370	392,625	472,745	20	20	0
Bachelor's degree	200	110	90	605,025	265,105	339,925	0	0	0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	10	0	44,915	19,815	25,100	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	23,880	12,100	11,775	0	0	0
Master's degree	50	25	25	164,245	79,220	85,025	10	10	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	10	0	27,315	16,385	10,920	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	420	230	190	2,298,160	1,141,780	1,156,385	235	145	90
No certificate, diploma or degree	10	0	0	227,880	126,960	100,920	30	10	20
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	70	45	30	581,820	298,415	283,405	120	75	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	340	190	155	1,488,465	716,410	772,060	90	60	30
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	85	45	40	774,420	401,065	373,355	70	45	30
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25	10	20	220,930	175,185	45,745	20	20	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	0	10	61,815	37,400	24,415	10	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	0	159,110	137,785	21,330	15	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	60	35	20	472,155	193,510	278,645	40	15	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	81,335	32,370	48,965	10	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	260	145	110	714,040	315,340	398,700	20	20	0
Bachelor's degree	190	110	85	497,885	213,625	284,260	0	0	0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	10	0	35,125	15,110	20,020	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	20,045	9,435	10,615	0	0	0
Master's degree	40	20	25	139,935	65,290	74,645	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	15	0	21,050	11,880	9,165	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	480	260	220	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	320	175	145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	110	50	55	1,494,945	758,460	736,490	205	100	105
Education	15	0	10	129,710	30,305	99,400	0	0	0
13. Education	15	0	10	129,710	30,305	99,400	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	15	49,820	20,045	29,775	10	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	5,805	4,125	1,675	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	15	44,015	15,915	28,100	10	0	10
Humanities	0	0	0	75,030	29,415	45,615	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	7,385	1,545	5,845	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	15,425	4,255	11,170	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	24,015	8,710	15,315	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,165	400	760	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,555	3,090	2,465	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	11,680	6,855	4,830	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	8,065	4,165	3,895	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	1,735	400	1,335	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	20	25	177,435	57,365	120,070	0	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,750	620	2,130	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	21,730	8,340	13,395	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	29,220	2,090	27,125	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	31,215	10,250	20,965	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	3,045	1,025	2,015	0	0	0
42. Psychology	15	0	10	31,925	7,565	24,355	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	0	10	57,565	27,475	30,085	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	115	50	65	390,110	151,140	238,975	20	0	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	615	160	455	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	23,375	4,465	18,910	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	110	50	60	366,120	146,520	219,605	20	0	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	15	0	80,425	40,180	40,245	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	10	0	29,505	11,950	17,555	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	18,630	8,340	10,295	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,115	400	715	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	26,315	17,555	8,760	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	4,860	1,930	2,930	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	25	20	0	71,380	45,230	26,150	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	20	0	58,030	39,530	18,500	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	4,400	600	3,800	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,770	4,330	3,435	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,190	765	420	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	95	80	15	461,075	411,075	49,995	35	35	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	12,095	7,465	4,625	0	0	0
14. Engineering	60	55	0	114,735	92,365	22,370	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	25	15	0	106,575	91,350	15,225	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	95,890	92,650	3,240	20	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	82,805	80,150	2,655	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	48,925	47,075	1,850	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	51,710	28,660	23,055	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	35,010	19,075	15,935	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	16,700	9,575	7,120	0	0	0
Health and related fields	25	15	10	295,415	56,225	239,190	0	0	0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	20,505	9,625	10,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	15	10	267,750	42,785	224,965	0	0	0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	475	180	295	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	6,680	3,635	3,050	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	0	10	97,660	47,575	50,075	20	10	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	0	10	57,430	15,580	41,845	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	365	335	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	705	605	100	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	19,025	12,445	6,580	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	20,125	18,615	1,520	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	420	190	235	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	420	235	190	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	235	145	90
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	80	45	40	809,700	425,375	384,325	145	85	60
Education	10	0	0	92,240	19,980	72,255	0	0	0
13. Education	10	0	0	92,240	19,980	72,255	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	15	39,730	15,620	24,110	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	4,065	2,750	1,315	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	15	35,665	12,875	22,790	0	0	0
Humanities	0	0	0	58,200	22,205	35,990	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	5,945	1,210	4,740	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	12,145	3,310	8,825	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	19,305	6,800	12,500	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	890	295	590	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	4,385	2,430	1,950	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	8,135	4,740	3,395	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,205	3,160	3,040	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	1,190	250	940	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	20	20	146,530	45,555	100,975	0	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,315	515	1,800	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	18,890	6,940	11,950	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	23,325	1,630	21,690	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	25,940	7,730	18,210	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,545	825	1,715	0	0	0
42. Psychology	15	0	10	25,775	5,750	20,025	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	0	10	47,735	22,165	25,570	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	110	45	60	317,125	121,510	195,615	20	0	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	450	135	315	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	18,680	3,200	15,480	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	110	45	60	297,995	118,175	179,820	20	0	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	20	0	61,555	29,465	32,090	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	10	0	23,290	9,185	14,105	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	14,260	6,255	8,010	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	900	315	580	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	19,655	12,320	7,335	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	3,445	1,385	2,055	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	15	0	61,125	39,035	22,085	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	15	0	51,435	34,910	16,530	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,945	460	2,490	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,775	3,080	2,700	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	965	590	370	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	75	60	15	362,315	318,170	44,135	25	25	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	9,600	5,585	4,020	0	0	0
14. Engineering	55	50	0	95,200	75,075	20,125	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	20	15	0	84,485	71,240	13,245	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	73,955	71,080	2,875	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	61,780	59,485	2,290	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	37,260	35,705	1,555	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	40,085	20,610	19,475	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	26,160	12,965	13,205	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	13,925	7,650	6,275	0	0	0
Health and related fields	25	15	10	232,820	45,895	186,920	0	0	0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	16,345	7,640	8,705	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	15	10	210,650	35,325	175,320	0	0	0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	400	145	255	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,430	2,785	2,645	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	0	10	76,410	38,205	38,205	15	10	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	0	10	43,535	12,080	31,455	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	300	275	25	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	445	390	55	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	15,885	10,385	5,505	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	16,245	15,080	1,165	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	420	235	190	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	235	145	90
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	80	45	40	809,700	425,375	384,325	145	85	60
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	345	185	155	1,488,465	716,405	772,060	85	60	30
Location of study inside Canada	255	140	115	1,157,790	563,035	594,750	65	40	20
Same as province or territory of residence	170	100	75	886,080	429,870	456,210	55	35	20
Different than province or territory of residence	85	45	40	271,710	133,165	138,545	10	10	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	85	45	40	330,675	153,370	177,305	30	15	10
Americas	10	0	10	54,515	26,775	27,740	25	10	10
United States of America	10	0	10	34,460	17,900	16,555	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	4,820	2,255	2,565	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	625	300	320	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	190	125	65	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	1,470	665	805	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	2,480	1,000	1,475	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,200	1,335	1,865	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	640	220	420	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	2,395	995	1,400	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,235	1,975	2,265	0	0	0
Europe	10	10	0	54,920	28,570	26,350	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	510	320	190	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	2,005	1,045	960	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	3,195	1,670	1,520	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	2,110	1,215	890	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	945	515	435	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	645	310	335	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	980	445	540	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	3,150	1,350	1,805	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	2,790	1,455	1,335	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	3,450	1,515	1,935	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	4,305	1,940	2,365	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	1,865	1,115	750	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	20,280	11,190	9,090	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	730	375	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	660	360	300	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	755	365	390	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	6,550	3,385	3,165	0	0	0
Africa	20	0	10	26,775	13,770	13,005	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	7,795	3,825	3,970	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	670	345	325	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	1,085	615	475	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	505	305	200	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,230	1,665	1,565	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	3,660	1,885	1,770	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	9,830	5,130	4,700	0	0	0
Asia	40	30	15	188,060	80,750	107,315	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,440	1,605	1,835	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	1,435	730	705	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	655	350	305	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,500	695	805	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	1,370	700	660	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	895	540	360	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	17,320	7,525	9,795	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	960	245	715	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	1,245	425	820	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,935	530	1,405	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	6,990	2,990	4,000	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	74,205	29,080	45,130	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,500	545	955	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,470	990	1,490	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	1,280	685	595	0	0	0
India	30	15	15	52,120	24,905	27,215	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	10,355	4,710	5,645	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	8,390	3,510	4,885	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	6,410	3,505	2,905	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	4,880	2,560	2,320	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	1,105	680	425	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	425	265	160	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	480	260	215	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,280	315	175	145
In the labour force	400	225	175	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,425	225	130	85
Employed	365	205	155	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,135	190	110	75
Unemployed	45	20	20	264,650	138,365	126,290	35	20	15
Not in the labour force	75	35	45	1,079,750	459,900	619,845	100	40	55
Participation rate	83.3	86.5	81.4	68.0	72.6	63.5	71.4	74.3	58.6
Employment rate	76.0	78.8	72.1	60.2	64.3	56.1	60.3	62.9	51.7
Unemployment rate	11.3	8.9	11.4	11.5	11.4	11.7	15.6	15.4	17.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	480	260	220	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	315	175	145
Did not work¹⁸⁶	85	50	35	1,140,745	497,150	643,595	125	50	75
Worked	390	210	185	2,234,385	1,178,705	1,055,680	190	120	70
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	215	115	100	1,164,455	670,620	493,835	100	60	45
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	175	95	85	1,069,930	508,085	561,840	85	60	25
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.9	38.8	41.2	40.8	41.5	39.9	38.4	37.6	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	400	230	175	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	220	135	90
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	20	10	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	395	220	170	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	200	120	75
Employee	330	180	160	1,876,950	967,450	909,500	155	100	60
Permanent position	270	140	130	1,560,435	814,805	745,625	150	95	50
Temporary position	65	35	30	316,520	152,640	163,880	10	0	10
Fixed term (1 year or more)	20	20	0	97,610	44,060	53,555	0	0	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	45	15	30	218,905	108,585	110,320	10	0	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	60	50	15	347,975	213,655	134,320	40	25	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	400	230	175	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	220	135	90
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	20	10	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	395	220	170	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	200	120	75
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	23,120	16,455	6,665	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	110	35	80	373,795	110,275	263,520	20	0	15
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	70	55	15	182,880	140,540	42,340	15	15	0
3 Health occupations	15	0	10	182,480	34,585	147,895	0	0	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	35	20	15	246,625	82,115	164,510	15	0	10
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	51,815	21,140	30,675	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	105	55	45	538,930	232,640	306,285	55	20	35
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	35	0	441,955	399,605	42,345	65	60	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	99,430	77,250	22,180	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	10	0	83,895	66,480	17,415	25	15	15
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	400	230	175	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	220	135	90
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	20	10	10
All industries¹⁹¹	395	220	170	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	200	120	75
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	63,965	42,305	21,665	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	35	15	15	112,890	88,690	24,200	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	22,630	15,900	6,735	0	0	0
23 Construction	35	35	0	210,350	177,845	32,505	40	40	0
31-33 Manufacturing	25	25	0	118,890	88,735	30,155	10	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	15	15	0	71,580	50,655	20,930	20	15	0
44-45 Retail trade	55	30	30	253,030	117,605	135,425	30	25	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	15	0	128,410	96,000	32,410	10	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	10	0	0	28,680	16,625	12,055	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	35	10	25	68,355	27,225	41,135	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	39,400	21,625	17,775	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	65	35	25	177,895	99,055	78,840	0	0	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	4,420	2,075	2,345	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	91,750	51,325	40,430	10	10	0
61 Educational services	30	0	20	149,170	43,775	105,400	0	0	0
62 Health care and social assistance	20	10	10	285,090	51,930	233,155	20	0	20
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	42,685	20,880	21,805	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	15	10	0	132,930	57,280	75,650	10	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	0	10	104,530	50,355	54,175	20	0	15
91 Public administration	10	0	0	118,270	61,230	57,040	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	420	230	190	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	210	130	75
English	400	230	175	2,319,940	1,223,960	1,095,975	190	125	65
French	0	0	0	3,840	1,145	2,695	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	14,015	7,470	6,545	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	245	140	105	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	13,770	7,330	6,440	0	0	0
English and French	15	0	15	20,015	8,200	11,815	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	61,830	31,865	29,965	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	45	15	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,550	765	785	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	885	475	410	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	420	230	190	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	210	130	75
Single responses	420	230	190	2,407,485	1,266,360	1,141,120	210	130	75
Official languages	420	230	190	2,381,515	1,252,385	1,129,135	210	130	75
English	420	230	190	2,374,615	1,250,455	1,124,165	210	130	75
French	0	0	0	6,900	1,930	4,970	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	25,965	13,980	11,990	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	765	425	340	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	695	400	300	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	630	355	280	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	630	355	280	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	520	295	220	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	25,200	13,555	11,650	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,025	535	495	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	135	60	80	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	850	450	400	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	100	50	60	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	600	315	280	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,305	500	805	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,275	480	795	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	1,160	540	620	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,065	490	570	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	12,180	7,175	5,010	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	780	300	480	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	780	300	480	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	305	100	200	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	55	35	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,025	1,985	1,045	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,555	970	580	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,540	965	575	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,445	995	455	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	85	50	30	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	330	245	80	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,025	695	330	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5,660	3,440	2,220	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5,435	3,340	2,100	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	280	150	135	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	70	20	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	4,630	2,975	1,655	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	285	125	160	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	210	95	110	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	2,660	1,415	1,245	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	125	75	50	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	75	45	35	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,420	1,275	1,145	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	205	70	135	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	1,250	630	620	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	170	80	85	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	7,340	3,725	3,615	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,605	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	3,105	1,570	1,535	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	4,145	2,095	2,050	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	30	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	170	65	100	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	150	55	90	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	145	115	30	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	145	115	30	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	45	30	15	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	14,630	7,530	7,100	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	2,560	1,105	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,695	6,245	5,440	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	145	65	75	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	190	90	105	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	420	230	190	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	210	130	75
None	400	230	175	2,350,940	1,239,355	1,111,590	190	125	65
English	0	0	0	13,200	6,355	6,840	0	0	0
French	15	0	15	14,630	6,410	8,215	10	0	10
Non-official language	0	0	0	36,335	18,310	18,025	10	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	2,125	865	1,255	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	34,210	17,445	16,765	10	10	0
English and French	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,080	540	540	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,125	565	560	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	4,760	2,335	2,420	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	360	205	155	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,140	190	110	75
Worked at home	180	100	80	446,315	211,420	234,900	15	15	0
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	5,430	4,105	1,330	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	20	20	0	319,675	242,835	76,845	40	25	10
Usual place of work	160	90	70	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	135	65	65
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	160	85	70	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	135	65	65
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	145	75	70	902,040	419,240	482,800	105	50	60
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	15	0	292,360	157,820	134,535	25	20	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	52,590	34,120	18,470	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	12,315	8,060	4,260	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	185	105	75	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	170	95	75
Car, truck or van	95	65	20	1,378,685	765,905	612,775	140	85	50
Car, truck or van - as a driver	80	65	15	1,287,940	730,925	557,015	125	85	35
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	0	10	90,740	34,980	55,760	15	0	15
Public transit	45	15	25	88,255	39,915	48,345	15	0	0
Walked	40	15	25	62,810	27,445	35,360	15	0	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	11,370	7,975	3,395	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	37,865	20,820	17,040	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	185	105	75	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	170	95	75
Less than 15 minutes	55	40	10	487,710	225,360	262,355	60	20	40
15 to 29 minutes	65	30	40	610,485	333,105	277,385	45	30	15
30 to 44 minutes	40	25	15	302,735	184,370	118,365	30	25	10
45 to 59 minutes	10	10	0	87,230	55,475	31,755	30	15	10
60 minutes and over	15	10	10	90,815	63,765	27,050	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	185	105	75	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	170	95	75
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	10	0	116,400	88,060	28,340	25	20	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	40	20	20	296,930	194,765	102,165	40	20	15
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	45	35	15	424,170	228,535	195,630	20	15	0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	20	10	10	299,145	134,910	164,240	35	20	15
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25	10	20	195,835	83,185	112,655	20	0	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35	25	10	246,495	132,620	113,880	25	15	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	40	20	20	971,390	499,245	472,145	80	40	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	5	67,140	34,000	33,140	5	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	40	20	15	904,245	465,240	439,005	70	40	35
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20	15	10	704,490	362,400	342,090	60	30	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	0	49,735	25,180	24,555	5	5	0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	0	24,675	12,010	12,665	0	0	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	25,055	13,170	11,890	5	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	10	10	654,755	337,220	317,530	55	25	30

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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