Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48062340More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			AlbertaMore information: [Province] Remove			48061334More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	835	...	...	4,262,635	...	...	533	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	4,067,175	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	4.8	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	272	...	...	1,772,670	...	...	211	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	268	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	209	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5,432.7	...	...	6.7	...	...	2,127.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.15	...	...	634,658.27	...	...	0.25	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	835	435	405	4,262,635	2,127,935	2,134,700	535	260	275
0 to 14 years	235	115	115	809,640	415,870	393,770	90	40	50
0 to 4 years	60	25	35	250,250	128,560	121,690	30	15	20
5 to 9 years	75	40	35	278,810	142,850	135,955	30	15	15
10 to 14 years	95	55	45	280,585	144,460	136,120	30	15	15
15 to 64 years	565	295	270	2,823,770	1,416,910	1,406,865	295	150	145
15 to 19 years	45	30	20	249,765	128,745	121,015	35	20	15
20 to 24 years	30	15	15	248,740	128,595	120,150	15	10	10
25 to 29 years	40	20	20	275,465	138,510	136,955	20	5	10
30 to 34 years	65	30	35	323,260	160,175	163,085	25	10	15
35 to 39 years	90	45	40	338,945	168,390	170,560	35	20	15
40 to 44 years	115	55	60	307,665	153,715	153,955	30	20	10
45 to 49 years	85	45	40	277,770	139,705	138,065	30	15	15
50 to 54 years	50	30	20	262,770	131,650	131,120	35	15	15
55 to 59 years	35	20	15	274,150	135,825	138,325	40	20	15
60 to 64 years	15	10	5	265,240	131,600	133,640	35	15	15
65 years and over	35	15	20	629,220	295,155	334,070	145	70	75
65 to 69 years	15	5	10	217,270	106,975	110,295	40	20	20
70 to 74 years	15	5	10	163,890	79,150	84,735	30	15	15
75 to 79 years	5	5	0	105,520	49,860	55,660	30	10	20
80 to 84 years	0	0	0	70,160	31,510	38,650	30	20	10
85 years and over	0	0	0	72,375	27,660	44,720	25	10	10
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	44,670	18,540	26,130	15	5	10
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	21,430	7,545	13,890	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	5,480	1,405	4,075	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	795	170	625	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	28.1	26.4	28.4	19.0	19.5	18.4	16.8	15.4	18.2
15 to 64 years	67.7	67.8	66.7	66.2	66.6	65.9	55.1	57.7	52.7
65 years and over	4.2	3.4	4.9	14.8	13.9	15.6	27.1	26.9	27.3
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.7	1.3	2.1	4.7	3.8	3.6
Average age of the population	32.1	32.1	32.2	39.0	38.4	39.7	45.7	46.6	45.0
Median age of the population	35.2	35.2	35.2	38.4	37.6	38.8	48.0	48.4	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	265	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	210	...	...
Single-detached house	265	...	...	994,565	...	...	210	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	98,740	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	127,735	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	43,730	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	247,030	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	74,880	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	1,215	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	45,325	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	270	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	210	...	...
1 person	25	...	...	424,055	...	...	40	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	551,420	...	...	85	...	...
3 persons	75	...	...	249,135	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	70	...	...	243,400	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	165,215	...	...	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	835	435	405	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	535	260	275
Average household size	3.1	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	605	315	285	3,452,995	1,712,065	1,740,925	445	220	220
Married or living common-law	430	215	210	2,033,945	1,018,425	1,015,520	300	150	155
Married	350	175	175	1,703,285	852,950	850,335	285	145	145
Living common-law	80	35	40	330,655	165,475	165,180	15	5	5
Living common law - Never married	55	30	25	245,650	123,625	122,030	10	5	5
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	12,835	6,745	6,090	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	25	10	15	65,955	32,580	33,375	5	0	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	6,210	2,520	3,690	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	170	95	70	1,419,050	693,640	725,410	140	70	70
Not married and not living common law - Never married	130	80	50	969,780	535,715	434,065	90	45	40
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	5	5	83,350	36,440	46,910	5	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	20	10	10	214,460	87,950	126,505	25	15	10
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	151,455	33,530	117,925	25	10	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	240	...	...	1,164,655	...	...	170	...	...
2 persons	80	...	...	565,900	...	...	85	...	...
3 persons	70	...	...	240,980	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	70	...	...	238,600	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	119,170	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	240	...	...	1,164,650	...	...	165	...	...
Total couple families	215	...	...	987,465	...	...	150	...	...
Married couples	175	...	...	822,175	...	...	145	...	...
With children⁶	125	...	...	464,975	...	...	75	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	357,200	...	...	70	...	...
Common-law couples	40	...	...	165,290	...	...	5	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	60,705	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	104,580	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	177,190	...	...	20	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	135,065	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	42,125	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	835	430	400	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	530	260	270
Total - Persons in census families	775	390	380	3,456,645	1,720,145	1,736,505	485	230	250
Married spouses or common-law partners	430	215	215	1,974,930	986,995	987,935	300	150	155
Parents in one-parent families	25	5	20	177,185	42,120	135,060	15	0	15
Children⁶	325	175	145	1,304,525	691,020	613,500	165	85	85
In a two-parent family	280	150	130	1,022,235	538,215	484,020	140	65	70
In a one-parent family	40	25	20	282,290	152,810	129,485	30	15	15
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	60	40	20	721,070	368,045	353,030	50	25	25
Living alone	25	15	5	424,055	207,075	216,980	35	15	20
Living with other relatives⁷	15	10	5	108,100	49,205	58,900	5	0	5
Living with non-relatives only	20	15	5	188,915	111,760	77,155	5	5	0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	270	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	205	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	215	...	...	1,008,210	...	...	165	...	...
Couple-family households	195	...	...	876,085	...	...	145	...	...
With children⁶	145	...	...	465,405	...	...	75	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	410,680	...	...	75	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	132,125	...	...	15	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	47,450	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	60,780	...	...	0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	82,150	...	...	5	...	...
One-person households	25	...	...	424,055	...	...	40	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	600	310	290	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	440	220	225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	565	285	275	3,213,495	1,597,075	1,616,420	425	210	210
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,400	79,500	44,800	44,800	53,200	38,400	56,800	68,500	47,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	565	285	275	3,215,290	1,598,045	1,617,250	425	210	210
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200	65,500	40,000	40,400	46,800	35,200	49,600	59,200	43,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	530	280	250	2,899,265	1,472,130	1,427,140	410	205	200
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,200	77,000	39,200	40,000	50,400	31,200	48,000	56,800	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	490	260	225	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	275	145	135
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,400	76,000	40,000	41,600	51,600	33,600	52,400	62,400	47,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	480	235	245	2,818,115	1,377,385	1,440,730	360	175	185
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,720	1,920	6,240	8,300	6,120	9,700	9,200	9,800	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75	40	35	373,185	184,280	188,900	25	10	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,840	5,760	6,120	5,800	5,760	5,880	6,280	x	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	175	90	85	978,925	473,610	505,320	70	35	30
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,500	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	9,000	8,000	11,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	575	290	285	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	440	230	205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	545	270	275	3,212,650	1,596,250	1,616,400	425	225	205
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,600	83,000	56,400	60,850	72,700	49,160	82,000	100,000	62,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	545	270	275	3,214,490	1,597,255	1,617,235	425	225	205
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,600	65,500	47,600	50,200	58,400	42,120	65,600	77,500	52,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	520	260	265	2,900,200	1,472,350	1,427,850	390	210	185
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,800	80,000	49,600	57,300	70,100	44,040	81,200	99,000	60,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	470	245	230	2,426,940	1,262,995	1,163,950	285	165	125
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,000	79,000	48,400	56,350	67,800	43,920	80,000	99,000	56,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	450	220	235	2,817,280	1,376,575	1,440,710	360	180	175
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	7,650	10,700	10,440	9,300	11,520	8,400	8,700	8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80	45	40	371,975	183,715	188,265	30	0	15
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,800	6,800	7,090	6,720	7,450	5,600	...	7,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	155	80	80	972,130	470,475	501,650	50	35	0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	9,400	11,200	9,170	9,030	9,290	7,000	8,000	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	575	290	285	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	440	230	205
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	245	145	100	1,120,075	641,305	478,775	130	70	55
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	89,000	103,000	66,500	70,500	78,500	62,000	106,000	164,000	60,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	94,000	112,000	68,000	85,200	96,300	70,400	126,000	165,000	76,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	190	85	105	993,770	466,385	527,385	125	70	55
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	17,400	17,400	21,600	26,200	18,400	40,800	34,400	41,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,800	33,000	36,000	34,280	42,280	27,160	47,000	52,000	42,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	89.0	92.0	84.0	85.0	89.0	79.2	91.0	92.0	88.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	79.5	86.0	71.0	70.0	73.8	64.4	66.0	72.0	56.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	11.0	7.5	16.0	15.0	11.0	20.9	8.6	7.1	11.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.1	1.8	0.5	x	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.5	6.4	5.1	4.0	6.7	1.3	1.4	0.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.4	5.6	4.6	3.7	5.9	1.0	1.2	x
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	605	315	285	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	445	220	220
Without total income	35	25	15	161,620	78,885	82,730	15	10	10
With total income	565	290	275	3,213,490	1,597,075	1,616,415	425	215	215
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	10	25	271,260	111,180	160,085	40	15	25
$10,000 to $19,999	55	20	35	307,390	122,515	184,880	40	15	20
$20,000 to $29,999	55	25	35	483,175	210,085	273,090	35	15	15
$30,000 to $39,999	40	15	30	384,115	161,270	222,840	45	20	25
$40,000 to $49,999	55	20	30	332,120	148,870	183,245	30	15	20
$50,000 to $59,999	35	20	20	277,960	132,620	145,340	35	15	20
$60,000 to $69,999	45	20	20	232,840	119,260	113,580	30	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	35	15	25	187,305	105,100	82,205	30	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	25	20	0	146,920	87,190	59,725	20	10	15
$90,000 to $99,999	45	30	15	124,520	73,960	50,560	20	10	10
$100,000 and over	135	95	40	465,885	325,025	140,860	100	65	35
$100,000 to $149,999	95	60	35	291,955	191,190	100,765	55	30	30
$150,000 and over	35	30	5	173,935	133,835	40,100	45	40	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	605	315	285	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	445	220	220
Without after-tax income	35	25	15	159,820	77,915	81,900	15	10	10
With after-tax income	565	290	275	3,215,295	1,598,045	1,617,245	425	215	215
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	10	25	282,760	115,430	167,325	45	15	25
$10,000 to $19,999	55	20	35	320,525	128,425	192,100	40	15	25
$20,000 to $29,999	70	35	35	545,450	237,370	308,080	40	15	20
$30,000 to $39,999	55	20	40	449,440	194,945	254,500	45	20	25
$40,000 to $49,999	60	25	30	388,170	182,160	206,010	45	20	25
$50,000 to $59,999	55	25	25	314,650	160,140	154,510	35	15	20
$60,000 to $69,999	50	25	25	240,015	135,075	104,940	40	20	20
$70,000 to $79,999	45	35	15	178,580	106,080	72,495	30	20	15
$80,000 to $89,999	50	30	15	138,170	82,415	55,755	25	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	30	20	10	92,045	59,450	32,595	15	5	5
$100,000 and over	65	50	15	265,490	196,560	68,930	65	45	15
$100,000 to $124,999	40	30	10	121,505	85,805	35,705	25	15	10
$125,000 and over	20	20	0	143,985	110,760	33,225	40	35	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	605	315	285	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	445	220	220
Without employment income	115	50	60	948,210	413,405	534,805	165	75	90
With employment income	485	260	225	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	280	145	135
Under $5,000 (including loss)	50	20	30	305,715	142,525	163,185	40	30	15
$5,000 to $9,999	35	10	25	186,575	78,780	107,795	25	10	20
$10,000 to $19,999	55	20	30	270,795	116,950	153,845	20	10	15
$20,000 to $29,999	25	10	15	212,530	93,955	118,575	20	10	15
$30,000 to $39,999	25	5	20	202,095	92,015	110,080	10	5	0
$40,000 to $49,999	35	10	20	193,315	92,690	100,625	15	5	10
$50,000 to $59,999	30	20	10	181,745	89,815	91,930	15	5	10
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	161,830	85,450	76,375	15	5	5
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	10	133,940	78,540	55,400	20	5	10
$80,000 to $89,999	35	20	10	110,580	67,335	43,240	5	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	30	20	10	101,430	59,855	41,575	15	5	10
$100,000 and over	115	80	35	366,350	264,635	101,720	80	55	25
$100,000 to $124,999	55	35	25	158,925	103,055	55,870	25	15	15
$125,000 and over	60	45	15	207,430	161,580	45,850	50	40	15
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	600	310	290	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	440	220	225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	555	290	270	3,147,180	1,561,420	1,585,760	410	210	205
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,200	79,000	48,000	44,400	54,800	36,400	56,400	71,000	48,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	555	290	270	3,148,375	1,561,645	1,586,735	410	210	210
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,800	65,500	42,000	39,600	47,600	33,600	50,800	62,000	42,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	530	275	250	2,869,935	1,456,690	1,413,250	395	200	195
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,200	79,000	44,400	43,200	54,000	34,400	51,200	61,200	40,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	485	255	230	2,438,175	1,267,255	1,170,925	270	145	130
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,000	79,500	44,000	44,400	55,200	36,000	57,600	64,000	52,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	460	230	230	2,675,790	1,312,270	1,363,520	345	170	175
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,010	890	3,440	1,620	1,010	4,080	5,120	2,240	7,250
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	70	25	40	245,140	118,390	126,750	20	5	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200	5,640	9,100	6,240	5,640	7,050	8,400	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	575	290	285	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	440	230	205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	550	270	280	3,146,890	1,560,995	1,585,890	400	210	190
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	68,400	82,000	54,400	60,750	74,200	47,560	85,600	102,000	68,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	550	270	280	3,147,975	1,561,230	1,586,750	400	210	190
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,800	64,500	45,200	49,720	59,050	40,520	67,600	78,500	56,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	525	260	265	2,871,550	1,456,805	1,414,740	380	200	175
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	66,800	83,000	50,800	60,350	74,400	45,840	84,800	101,000	67,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	460	240	220	2,438,445	1,267,615	1,170,835	290	160	130
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	66,800	81,000	51,600	59,450	72,000	45,800	86,000	102,000	67,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	450	215	240	2,676,295	1,312,765	1,363,530	325	165	160
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,260	2,740	7,500	6,720	5,635	7,770	7,160	6,750	7,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75	25	55	244,330	117,410	126,920	25	0	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,600	6,000	13,600	7,990	7,020	8,900	6,400	...	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	575	290	285	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	440	230	205
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	240	140	105	1,111,760	636,785	474,975	130	70	55
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000	95,000	52,400	68,500	77,500	58,800	91,000	172,000	62,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	85,000	106,000	58,000	83,800	95,700	67,800	122,000	160,000	76,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	180	85	90	941,295	443,225	498,070	115	60	55
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,800	47,600	32,400	30,000	37,200	25,400	55,200	57,600	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	48,000	51,000	45,000	43,280	54,050	33,720	67,000	72,000	62,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.0	98.0	88.0	90.6	93.6	86.0	93.0	94.0	90.0
Employment income (%)	82.0	86.0	75.0	75.8	78.8	71.0	72.0	76.0	66.0
Government transfers (%)	6.3	2.6	11.8	9.4	6.4	14.0	6.8	5.3	9.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	0.6	4.8	1.0	0.7	1.5	0.5	x	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	270	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	210	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	25	...	...	424,055	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	48,000	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	42,400	...	...	57,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	245	...	...	1,209,165	...	...	175	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	250	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	119,700	...	...	174,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	98,800	...	...	139,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	424,120	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	62,050	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	51,400	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	225	...	...	1,209,100	...	...	155	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	115,500	...	...	160,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	270	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	210	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	16,810	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	8,310	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	12,525	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	17,725	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	49,050	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	52,025	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	41,490	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	48,190	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	52,710	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	51,200	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5	...	...	104,130	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	106,340	...	...	5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	104,230	...	...	5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5	...	...	98,820	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	93,990	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	210	...	...	775,675	...	...	135	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	45	...	...	204,960	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	50	...	...	156,945	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	70	...	...	200,675	...	...	30	...	...
$200,000 and over	45	...	...	213,100	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	270	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	210	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	18,920	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	8,620	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	12,950	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	18,925	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	52,455	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	58,000	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	48,620	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	56,195	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	62,115	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	60,880	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	126,900	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	127,780	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	122,795	...	...	10	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	117,335	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	106,445	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	180	...	...	634,290	...	...	110	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	70	...	...	214,810	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	40	...	...	149,640	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	65	...	...	269,845	...	...	75	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	240	...	...	1,150,150	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	423,245	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	150	...	...	527,475	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	202,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	162,425	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	66,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	45	30	10	612,970	318,840	294,130	45	25	20
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	60,400	63,200	x	43,600	46,400	40,800	64,500	76,000	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,600	52,400	x	39,200	41,200	37,200	57,200	63,600	x
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	230	...	...	1,149,555	...	...	150	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	196,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	115,100	...	...	160,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	55	...	...	423,255	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	128,400	...	...	144,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	145	...	...	528,270	...	...	95	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,000	...	...	167,000	...	...	224,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	136,200	...	...	180,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	161,495	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	85,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	74,800	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	35	20	0	612,950	318,115	294,835	55	30	25
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	100,000	100,000	x	56,550	60,100	52,750	100,000	140,000	56,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	76,000	80,000	x	47,360	49,600	44,960	76,000	100,000	48,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	835	435	405	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,535	535	260	275
0 to 17 years	270	140	130	953,865	490,345	463,520	110	55	60
0 to 5 years	70	35	40	302,980	155,160	147,820	35	15	25
18 to 64 years	530	275	255	2,638,940	1,317,995	1,320,945	270	135	135
65 years and over	40	15	20	584,915	279,845	305,065	150	70	75
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	50	25	20	382,820	182,970	199,855	30	10	15
0 to 17 years	20	10	10	107,130	54,765	52,370	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	36,250	18,465	17,790	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	30	15	10	213,795	103,030	110,765	5	0	10
65 years and over	5	0	5	61,890	25,180	36,720	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.0	6.0	6.0	9.2	8.8	9.6	5.2	4.5	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	6.0	5.0	11.2	11.2	11.3	10.0	12.0	6.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	12.0	11.9	12.0	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	6.0	5.0	8.1	7.8	8.4	3.0	x	4.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	10.6	9.0	12.0	6.0	x	8.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	835	430	400	4,132,995	2,065,555	2,067,435	530	260	270
0 to 17 years	270	140	125	936,965	481,700	455,265	110	50	60
0 to 5 years	70	30	35	298,005	152,625	145,380	40	15	25
18 to 64 years	530	275	255	2,614,300	1,305,610	1,308,690	275	135	135
65 years and over	35	20	20	581,730	278,250	303,475	150	75	75
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	25	15	10	187,885	96,630	91,255	15	10	10
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	43,110	21,925	21,180	10	5	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	13,945	7,045	6,900	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	15	10	5	130,620	68,100	62,525	5	0	5
65 years and over	0	0	0	14,155	6,605	7,550	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.6	2.4	4.6	4.7	4.4	2.8	x	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	4.0	x	4.6	4.6	4.7	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	4.7	4.6	4.8	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.6	3.0	5.0	5.2	4.8	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	2.4	2.4	2.5	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	835	435	405	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	535	260	275
In bottom half of the distribution	260	130	130	1,894,410	924,245	970,165	130	60	75
In bottom decile	45	25	15	345,410	172,330	173,080	20	5	15
In second decile	40	25	20	385,215	179,975	205,240	30	10	15
In third decile	60	30	25	380,170	184,770	195,400	20	10	10
In fourth decile	50	25	25	386,560	190,330	196,235	30	10	15
In fifth decile	70	35	40	397,055	196,830	200,215	40	20	20
In top half of the distribution	575	300	280	2,283,310	1,163,940	1,119,365	400	200	205
In sixth decile	100	50	45	406,615	204,040	202,575	35	15	20
In seventh decile	95	55	40	420,810	212,460	208,350	70	35	40
In eighth decile	150	75	75	440,225	223,690	216,535	50	30	25
In ninth decile	135	70	70	470,850	240,765	230,085	130	55	70
In top decile	105	55	45	544,810	282,985	261,825	115	65	50
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	835	...	...	4,177,720	...	...	530	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.253	...	...	0.350	...	...	0.313	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.312	...	...	0.450	...	...	0.382	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.229	...	...	0.307	...	...	0.278	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.9	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	835	430	400	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	530	260	270
English only	770	400	370	3,894,690	1,960,785	1,933,905	475	225	245
French only	0	0	0	3,105	1,330	1,780	0	0	0
English and French	60	30	30	258,330	119,725	138,605	60	30	30
Neither English nor French	5	5	0	65,705	26,945	38,760	0	0	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	835	430	400	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	530	260	270
English	810	420	395	4,078,135	2,042,220	2,035,915	520	250	265
French	10	5	5	64,440	32,960	31,485	10	5	5
English and French	5	5	5	15,525	7,680	7,840	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	5	5	0	63,735	25,925	37,810	0	0	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	835	430	400	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	530	260	270
Single responses	815	420	395	4,055,375	2,028,210	2,027,165	530	255	270
Official languages	690	360	330	3,148,690	1,591,780	1,556,910	480	230	245
English	680	355	325	3,083,840	1,558,570	1,525,265	465	225	245
French	10	5	5	64,855	33,210	31,645	10	5	5
Non-official languages	125	60	60	906,680	436,430	470,250	50	25	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	17,200	8,165	9,035	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15,155	7,265	7,890	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,470	1,160	1,315	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,370	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,365	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	1,590	705	890	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	1,305	650	655	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	9,255	4,495	4,760	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	385	180	205	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,345	610	735	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,335	605	725	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,075	495	585	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	145	40	100	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	115	35	80	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	445	205	235	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	360	175	180	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	60	60	889,485	428,270	461,215	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	82,270	42,330	39,935	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	335	185	150	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	95	60	30	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	14,995	7,485	7,515	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	650	345	300	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	3,485	1,780	1,705	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10,750	5,280	5,470	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	66,720	34,555	32,165	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	8,165	3,925	4,245	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	46,425	24,385	22,045	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	835	405	430	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	445	225	220	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	215	105	110	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	885	455	425	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10,065	5,210	4,855	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	50	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	25,655	11,520	14,135	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,775	800	975	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	23,705	10,615	13,090	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	175	100	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	5	5	131,755	58,110	73,640	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	535	235	295	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,265	985	1,285	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	5,210	2,300	2,910	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	2,370	1,005	1,370	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	7,440	3,325	4,110	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,275	510	765	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	370	155	220	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	165	80	90	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,275	620	650	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	515	235	280	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	108,395	47,810	60,590	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	415	195	225	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,075	475	605	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	1,745	875	875	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	270	130	140	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	420	215	210	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	17,170	8,845	8,330	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	585	295	295	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	8,785	4,450	4,330	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	4,950	2,610	2,340	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,715	1,425	1,295	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	200	110	90	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70	35	30	454,815	224,310	230,505	30	15	10
Albanian	0	0	0	2,345	1,250	1,100	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	20	70,185	32,420	37,760	5	5	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	885	405	475	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	365	165	205	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	515	240	275	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	20	20	69,305	32,020	37,285	5	5	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,300	640	660	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,700	1,265	1,435	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	365	185	185	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	10	17,540	8,130	9,410	5	5	0
Russian	10	5	5	17,735	7,850	9,890	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10,350	5,085	5,270	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,860	905	960	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	4,260	2,105	2,155	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	4,040	1,975	2,065	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	100	90	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,865	910	950	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	555	245	305	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	16,750	7,630	9,125	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	295	165	130	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	75	45	25	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	20	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	145	75	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	93,145	45,830	47,320	10	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	60,990	29,660	31,325	10	5	0
German	0	0	0	59,835	29,055	30,775	10	5	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,045	550	495	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	28,670	14,425	14,245	5	5	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	3,150	1,555	1,595	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	13,140	6,605	6,535	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,060	1,545	1,510	5	5	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	8,815	4,455	4,355	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	245	120	125	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,540	1,615	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	1,850	945	910	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	525	245	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	680	310	370	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,820	1,430	1,385	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	197,415	100,095	97,320	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	10	176,130	89,315	86,820	5	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,735	3,900	3,835	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	15,330	7,920	7,415	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	18,815	9,525	9,285	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,625	720	905	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	345	170	180	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	1,910	970	935	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5,900	3,035	2,865	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	185	100	90	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	91,070	46,205	44,870	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	345	340	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	2,700	1,380	1,325	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	5	28,635	14,425	14,210	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	945	495	445	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	21,225	10,750	10,470	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,010	1,035	975	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,960	1,505	1,460	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	16,065	8,115	7,955	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	5,005	2,490	2,515	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	9,030	4,585	4,445	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,035	1,040	995	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	5	5	88,045	42,845	45,205	10	0	5
Catalan	0	0	0	70	30	45	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	9,505	4,745	4,755	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	9,910	4,750	5,165	0	0	0
Romanian	5	5	5	7,425	3,635	3,790	0	0	0
Spanish	5	5	0	61,090	29,655	31,435	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,575	1,550	3,025	0	0	0
Korean	5	5	0	19,240	8,935	10,305	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	565	255	310	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	16,500	8,265	8,235	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,660	855	800	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	245	125	115	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	225	125	95	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	1,380	725	650	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,135	550	585	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	200	100	95	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	390	190	205	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	655	305	350	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	1,105	530	580	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	150	50	100	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	2,455	1,165	1,290	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	265	145	115	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	3,205	1,710	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,265	1,090	1,170	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	2,450	1,275	1,175	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	1,040	575	470	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	625	290	335	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	650	340	310	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	695	370	330	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	5	118,025	54,995	63,030	10	10	5
Chinese languages	15	5	5	115,870	53,935	61,940	10	10	5
Hakka	0	0	0	880	405	470	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	54,135	25,165	28,970	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,400	1,040	1,360	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	440	215	225	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0	56,280	26,280	30,005	10	10	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,605	760	845	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	2,055	1,015	1,040	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	415	205	215	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	725	365	355	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	585	290	290	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	670	335	335	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	3,040	1,110	1,935	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	950	460	490	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	2,010	620	1,390	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	4,335	2,360	1,975	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	440	235	200	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,290	1,825	1,460	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	240	130	110	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	65	75	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	6,120	2,890	3,230	5	5	0
Estonian	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	700	285	415	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	5	5,255	2,530	2,725	5	5	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	85	80	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	5	10	166,455	80,575	85,890	5	0	5
English and French	10	0	5	17,600	8,520	9,085	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	131,195	63,735	67,465	5	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,125	1,535	1,590	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,425	1,160	1,270	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	12,105	5,625	6,480	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	835	430	400	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	530	260	270
English	690	365	325	3,183,975	1,606,395	1,577,580	485	235	245
French	5	5	5	15,490	7,660	7,835	0	0	0
Non-official language	25	10	10	272,985	131,515	141,475	10	0	5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	3,700	1,890	1,805	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	10	269,280	129,620	139,665	10	0	5
English and French	10	5	5	41,100	19,580	21,515	10	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	100	45	60	664,935	323,185	341,750	25	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,590	725	865	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	17,280	8,175	9,105	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	24,475	11,545	12,930	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	835	430	400	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	530	260	270
Single responses	810	425	390	4,054,960	2,027,555	2,027,400	535	260	275
Official languages	750	395	355	3,504,300	1,758,870	1,745,425	505	245	260
English	745	390	350	3,481,545	1,747,645	1,733,895	500	245	255
French	5	5	0	22,755	11,225	11,530	0	0	0
Non-official languages	65	30	30	550,665	268,690	281,975	25	10	15
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	7,175	3,615	3,565	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	6,355	3,210	3,140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	965	490	475	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	475	235	240	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	290	150	145	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,510	2,275	2,230	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	685	345	340	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	680	340	340	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	585	300	290	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	65	30	30	543,490	265,075	278,415	25	10	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	52,375	26,290	26,085	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	165	85	80	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10,170	5,010	5,155	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	2,580	1,305	1,270	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	7,045	3,425	3,620	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	41,920	21,120	20,800	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	5,025	2,385	2,635	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	28,040	14,195	13,840	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	630	310	325	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	310	155	160	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	415	215	200	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,600	3,905	3,700	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	35	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	17,075	7,795	9,285	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	975	430	545	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	15,945	7,280	8,670	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	155	90	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	82,190	38,845	43,345	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,250	595	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,990	1,435	1,555	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,290	610	680	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	4,450	2,075	2,375	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	435	215	220	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	210	95	120	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	65	30	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	700	330	370	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	69,570	32,865	36,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	1,010	485	525	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	235	115	115	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	205	105	100	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	11,840	5,985	5,855	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	305	150	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	6,270	3,150	3,120	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	3,480	1,790	1,690	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,705	860	845	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	130	75	60	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	15	15	265,460	131,850	133,610	10	10	5
Albanian	0	0	0	1,040	550	490	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	245	115	125	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	5	28,760	13,815	14,945	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	345	175	170	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	205	105	105	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	5	5	28,415	13,640	14,775	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	595	290	305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	765	365	400	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
Polish	0	5	5	6,810	3,230	3,575	0	0	0
Russian	5	5	0	10,885	5,205	5,680	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,370	2,105	2,265	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,525	740	785	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,055	990	1,065	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	585	285	295	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	105	50	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,080	1,990	2,090	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	40,925	20,195	20,730	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	29,275	14,360	14,920	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	29,025	14,235	14,790	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	11,310	5,675	5,630	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,720	850	870	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,520	725	800	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,280	1,170	1,115	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5,620	2,850	2,770	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	130	55	75	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	935	430	505	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	5	10	146,225	73,640	72,580	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	5	132,370	66,780	65,590	5	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	5,085	2,505	2,580	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10,620	5,435	5,185	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	12,295	6,225	6,075	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	830	345	480	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	1,145	570	570	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	4,280	2,200	2,080	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	75,180	38,085	37,090	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	405	205	200	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,595	790	805	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	5	20,080	9,990	10,085	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	13,835	6,850	6,980	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,310	655	660	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,920	960	960	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10,495	5,190	5,310	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	2,990	1,435	1,560	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,150	3,065	3,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	5	47,235	23,055	24,180	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	2,140	915	1,220	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,585	2,230	2,355	0	0	0
Romanian	0	5	5	3,525	1,745	1,775	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	36,925	18,135	18,790	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,195	920	1,275	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	14,510	6,915	7,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	360	165	200	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,470	3,055	3,415	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	750	370	380	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	445	215	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	565	255	315	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	330	160	175	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	375	180	195	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	1,100	505	595	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	175	100	80	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	670	300	375	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,265	640	625	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	560	310	245	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	280	135	145	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,325	765	560	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,065	610	455	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	150	105	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	5	81,325	38,350	42,970	15	5	10
Chinese languages	15	5	5	79,775	37,570	42,200	15	5	10
Hakka	0	0	0	310	125	180	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	5	40,005	19,245	20,765	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	985	405	575	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	265	130	140	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	37,205	17,195	20,010	15	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	965	455	505	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,505	765	745	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	250	125	125	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	565	280	280	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	460	230	225	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	510	265	245	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,410	655	755	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	430	205	230	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	930	430	495	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	2,685	1,405	1,285	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	235	115	120	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,180	1,145	1,035	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,805	860	945	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	110	55	50	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,675	795	880	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	5	10	166,875	81,225	85,650	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	8,010	3,875	4,130	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	152,980	74,600	78,375	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	770	345	430	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,755	845	915	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	3,355	1,560	1,795	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	835	435	405	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	535	260	270
None	740	390	350	3,610,710	1,812,855	1,797,850	495	240	255
English	25	15	15	224,860	111,370	113,495	20	10	10
French	10	5	0	30,900	14,530	16,375	5	5	0
Non-official language	50	20	25	279,795	133,050	146,750	10	5	5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10,470	4,835	5,630	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	50	20	25	269,325	128,210	141,115	10	5	0
English and French	0	0	0	2,825	1,370	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	34,750	17,340	17,410	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,875	3,655	4,220	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	565	295	275	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	29,550	14,325	15,225	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	805	400	405	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	285	270
Official languages	800	395	405	4,113,035	2,061,660	2,051,375	550	285	265
English	800	395	405	4,109,720	2,060,230	2,049,495	550	285	265
French	45	15	25	260,415	119,860	140,560	95	60	40
Non-official languages	165	70	85	1,215,795	587,465	628,325	65	35	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	32,910	15,640	17,275	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	29,220	13,945	15,275	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	6,605	3,085	3,515	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	22,000	10,590	11,410	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	21,980	10,585	11,395	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	190	100	90	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	4,265	1,840	2,425	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	2,155	1,060	1,100	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15,405	7,600	7,800	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,050	480	570	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	1,020	470	555	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	635	290	345	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,510	1,145	1,365	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,490	1,140	1,350	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,760	840	920	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	395	165	230	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	285	120	165	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	125	45	80	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	160	55	100	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	10	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	1,155	580	580	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	200	105	95	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	890	455	430	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	35	65	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	165	70	85	1,183,510	572,060	611,450	65	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	123,440	63,820	59,620	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	630	370	260	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	180	135	45	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	40	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	845	500	345	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	810	470	335	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	35	30	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	20,915	10,520	10,385	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	810	415	385	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5,390	2,775	2,610	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	14,865	7,395	7,475	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	105,580	54,910	50,670	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	15,775	8,070	7,700	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	76,760	40,430	36,335	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	1,125	625	495	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	435	255	190	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	235	125	105	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,710	1,935	1,770	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	15,380	7,855	7,515	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	420	285	130	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	35,940	16,645	19,295	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,685	1,275	1,410	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	33,020	15,240	17,785	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	390	225	165	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	0	20	181,630	80,370	101,260	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	1,140	605	535	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,010	1,285	1,720	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	8,560	3,850	4,710	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	330	170	165	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	3,750	1,590	2,160	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	13,710	5,825	7,885	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	2,410	1,045	1,355	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	615	230	380	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	175	95	80	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	1,705	805	900	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	2,670	1,210	1,465	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	1,215	560	660	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	0	20	172,625	76,255	96,375	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	1,015	460	550	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,045	2,295	2,750	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	5,360	2,730	2,630	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	1,435	765	670	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	480	210	275	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	530	260	270	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	30	25	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,250	670	585	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,160	580	580	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25,790	13,240	12,545	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	1,785	915	870	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	12,090	6,195	5,890	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,105	5,340	4,760	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	5,040	2,575	2,465	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	130	70	65	607,625	300,360	307,265	50	25	20
Albanian	0	0	0	3,130	1,730	1,405	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	795	440	355	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	0	15	88,305	41,660	46,640	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	975	425	545	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	330	130	195	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	650	300	350	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	0	15	87,775	41,425	46,350	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	280	120	165	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,680	800	880	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	3,880	1,930	1,950	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	635	295	345	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	22,385	10,655	11,730	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	29,760	14,030	15,725	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	40	35	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	13,860	6,820	7,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,470	1,675	1,795	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,945	3,440	3,510	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	6,415	3,155	3,260	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	2,540	1,165	1,375	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	770	335	440	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	23,340	10,625	12,715	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	15	10	107,065	53,150	53,915	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	385	175	210	0	0	0
High German languages	15	10	0	66,405	33,105	33,300	0	0	0
German	15	10	0	65,370	32,550	32,820	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,585	785	800	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	215	135	85	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	38,720	19,390	19,320	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5,940	3,005	2,935	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	17,170	8,515	8,655	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,055	2,030	2,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	290	150	140	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	11,395	5,810	5,590	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	370	180	195	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	5,305	2,545	2,760	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,525	1,295	1,225	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	135	45	85	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	1,235	555	680	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,620	760	855	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	4,645	2,365	2,280	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	25	30	266,095	135,440	130,660	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	50	25	30	242,500	123,495	119,005	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,675	5,385	5,285	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	24,780	12,630	12,150	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	94,015	48,065	45,945	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	3,495	1,550	1,945	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	860	430	425	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	4,030	2,080	1,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	6,995	3,620	3,370	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	245	115	135	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	0	10	126,385	64,695	61,690	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	1,380	755	620	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	3,960	1,950	2,010	0	0	0
Urdu	50	20	30	51,540	26,420	25,125	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,155	970	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	27,205	13,830	13,380	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	95	60	35	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,510	1,335	1,180	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	4,550	2,335	2,220	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	20,940	10,630	10,310	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	7,385	3,640	3,745	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	11,130	5,755	5,370	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,710	1,390	1,320	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	105	100	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	185	130	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	25	10	154,035	74,195	79,845	20	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	19,480	9,525	9,960	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	14,645	7,290	7,355	0	0	0
Romanian	15	10	10	9,765	4,930	4,830	0	0	0
Spanish	15	15	0	116,070	55,430	60,640	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	455	270	185	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	300	135	165	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10,925	4,845	6,080	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	23,030	10,705	12,325	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	790	355	435	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	41,335	20,960	20,375	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	3,555	1,805	1,755	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	735	400	335	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	475	270	205	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	515	265	255	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	730	350	380	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	420	205	210	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	4,685	2,390	2,295	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,955	1,010	945	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,555	790	765	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	330	180	145	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	950	465	480	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,305	675	630	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	2,160	1,035	1,130	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	320	140	180	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	9,495	5,040	4,455	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	730	400	330	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10,490	5,265	5,220	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	6,385	3,160	3,230	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	3,615	1,890	1,725	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	1,595	850	740	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	745	355	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,285	695	590	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	440	240	200	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	6,525	2,455	4,070	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5,685	2,100	3,585	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	970	415	550	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	144,545	68,355	76,190	10	0	10
Chinese languages	0	0	0	141,465	66,830	74,635	10	0	10
Hakka	0	0	0	1,450	630	820	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	82,095	38,175	43,915	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	4,250	1,825	2,425	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	615	280	335	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	74,960	35,260	39,700	10	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,795	860	930	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	3,035	1,510	1,520	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	895	450	450	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	1,095	555	545	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	970	485	480	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	825	435	390	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	325	135	195	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	75	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	4,335	1,770	2,565	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,515	755	760	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,030	1,125	1,905	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220	90	130	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	7,450	4,015	3,435	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	950	500	445	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,830	3,285	2,540	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	205	80	120	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	435	225	210	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	260	110	140	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	7,950	3,810	4,140	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	245	105	135	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,020	480	540	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	6,700	3,235	3,465	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,135	630	505	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	805	400	410	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	280	270
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	25	0	25	284,470	137,665	146,800	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	25	0	25	276,060	133,625	142,435	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	25	0	25	145,640	70,360	75,285	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	127,470	61,780	65,690	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	2,945	1,480	1,465	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	4,785	2,435	2,350	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	3,620	1,610	2,010	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	780	395	385	3,893,245	1,950,565	1,942,685	555	280	270
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	805	400	410	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	280	270
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	126,530	61,050	65,485	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	800	400	405	4,051,185	2,027,185	2,024,000	555	280	270
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	250	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
Owner	210	...	...	1,157,495	...	...	185	...	...
Renter	40	...	...	465,220	...	...	15	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	250	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	294,875	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	250	...	...	1,338,345	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	250	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	9,160	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	158,300	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	15	...	...	350,400	...	...	10	...	...
3 bedrooms	140	...	...	566,750	...	...	45	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	90	...	...	548,610	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	250	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15	...	...	427,120	...	...	0	...	...
5 rooms	40	...	...	258,680	...	...	0	...	...
6 rooms	35	...	...	235,145	...	...	10	...	...
7 rooms	60	...	...	206,130	...	...	35	...	...
8 or more rooms	105	...	...	506,150	...	...	145	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.4	...	...	6.4	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	250	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
One person or fewer per room	235	...	...	1,589,600	...	...	200	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	43,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	250	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
Suitable	245	...	...	1,556,960	...	...	200	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	76,260	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	250	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	168,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	0	...	...	428,655	...	...	195	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	188,550	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	224,315	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	50	...	...	152,840	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	180	...	...	168,905	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	10	...	...	161,095	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	139,935	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	250	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	250	...	...	1,543,795	...	...	190	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...	89,420	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	250	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
One-maintainer household	85	...	...	802,915	...	...	90	...	...
Two-maintainer household	155	...	...	745,175	...	...	105	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	85,130	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	250	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	51,475	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	45	...	...	260,820	...	...	25	...	...
35 to 44 years	95	...	...	341,390	...	...	50	...	...
45 to 54 years	70	...	...	304,080	...	...	25	...	...
55 to 64 years	25	...	...	311,335	...	...	25	...	...
65 to 74 years	20	...	...	222,825	...	...	45	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	105,505	...	...	25	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	35,775	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	250	...	...	1,588,960	...	...	200	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	220	...	...	1,251,370	...	...	190	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	30	...	...	337,585	...	...	0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	30	...	...	306,355	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	250	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	463,775	...	...	20	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	35	...	...	304,300	...	...	10	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	58,970	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	61,750	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	11,080	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	21,460	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	5,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	740	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	205	...	...	1,169,450	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	255	...	...	1,557,725	...	...	200	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	154,230	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	240	...	...	1,403,495	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	210	...	...	1,131,995	...	...	185	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	92.9	...	...	64.2	...	...	48.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.9	...	...	16.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,380	...	...	1,600	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,220	...	...	1,678	...	...	1,600	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	452,000	...	...	400,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	472,000	...	...	448,800	...	...	604,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40	...	...	463,570	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	9.1	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	34.0	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	20.7	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,300	...	...	1,280	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,200	...	...	1,332	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	5.5	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	302	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	350	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	805	400	405	4,177,715	2,088,230	2,089,480	550	285	270
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	135,650	66,545	69,110	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	131,200	64,375	66,820	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	101,455	49,465	51,990	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	28,695	14,340	14,355	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	1,050	570	480	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	4,455	2,175	2,285	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	4,090	1,985	2,100	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	160	75	90	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	160	85	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	60	20	35	187,365	90,475	96,890	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	60	20	35	180,640	87,270	93,375	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	25	102,335	49,695	52,640	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	76,055	36,420	39,640	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,255	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	6,720	3,210	3,515	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	6,150	2,915	3,235	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	205	130	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	740	375	370	3,854,695	1,931,210	1,923,485	525	275	255
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	805	395	405	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	285	265
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	760	375	380	3,792,705	1,903,020	1,889,685	555	285	265
Canadian citizens aged under 18	255	130	125	900,670	463,925	436,745	145	70	70
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	505	250	255	2,892,035	1,439,095	1,452,945	415	215	200
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	50	20	20	385,010	185,215	199,795	0	0	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	805	395	405	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	285	265
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	660	330	325	3,141,915	1,585,765	1,556,150	490	255	240
Immigrants⁸¹	130	60	65	970,970	468,250	502,725	60	35	30
Before 1980	0	0	0	127,275	62,275	65,005	30	15	15
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	91,320	44,550	46,770	15	10	10
1991 to 2000	25	10	15	126,605	60,125	66,480	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	65	35	30	239,260	115,815	123,445	0	0	0
2011 to 2021⁸²	30	0	30	386,510	185,485	201,025	0	0	0
2011 to 2015	25	0	25	193,335	93,675	99,665	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	193,175	91,810	101,360	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	64,830	34,215	30,610	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	130	60	70	970,975	468,250	502,725	60	30	30
Under 5 years	25	10	20	85,135	43,645	41,485	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	20	10	0	169,075	87,630	81,440	10	0	0
15 to 24 years	15	0	10	175,855	81,330	94,525	20	0	20
25 to 44 years	65	30	35	450,070	213,555	236,510	25	15	10
45 years and over	0	0	0	90,845	42,090	48,760	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	130	60	70	970,975	468,250	502,725	60	30	30
Americas	10	10	0	110,855	51,790	59,065	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	3,800	1,590	2,210	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	10,385	4,855	5,535	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,940	3,340	3,600	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	2,375	1,175	1,205	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	1,370	745	625	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	8,695	4,160	4,530	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	17,990	8,935	9,055	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,905	825	1,075	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	3,360	1,560	1,800	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	30,540	13,490	17,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	23,500	11,110	12,395	0	0	0
Europe	45	25	25	180,590	90,195	90,395	45	25	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	4,335	2,155	2,185	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	3,405	1,710	1,700	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	2,720	1,330	1,390	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	16,635	8,000	8,635	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	855	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	3,080	1,505	1,580	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	6,990	3,605	3,380	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	12,730	6,680	6,050	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	15,595	7,280	8,315	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	3,730	1,895	1,835	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0	7,190	3,585	3,605	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,470	3,205	4,260	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	2,220	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	8,915	4,050	4,870	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	0	56,675	29,555	27,125	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	26,990	13,535	13,460	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	119,295	60,715	58,580	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	1,220	665	560	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	3,215	1,640	1,575	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	6,760	3,660	3,095	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	9,720	5,230	4,495	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	14,420	7,085	7,340	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	2,130	1,100	1,035	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	21,065	10,925	10,145	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	8,545	4,260	4,285	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	8,960	4,430	4,535	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	43,250	21,720	21,530	0	0	0
Asia	70	30	45	549,965	260,520	289,440	15	0	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	6,585	3,235	3,350	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	8,865	4,625	4,245	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	6,220	3,225	2,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,960	5,375	4,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	9,975	5,310	4,665	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	2,830	1,575	1,260	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	61,390	27,935	33,455	10	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	18,725	9,090	9,630	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	16,180	7,545	8,635	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	3,395	1,415	1,980	0	0	0
Philippines	25	0	15	167,735	74,205	93,530	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	27,880	12,700	15,180	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	6,035	3,080	2,960	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	122,150	61,405	60,740	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	15	25	30,810	15,690	15,120	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	4,930	2,490	2,445	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	46,305	21,615	24,690	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0	10,275	5,030	5,240	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	193,170	91,815	101,360	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	19,300	8,985	10,320	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,365	555	810	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,310	535	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	220	135	85	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	2,130	985	1,145	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	4,165	2,140	2,025	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	5,175	2,460	2,715	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,220	525	695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,715	1,645	2,070	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	15,750	7,955	7,795	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	405	200	200	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	750	310	445	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	1,060	640	425	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	470	285	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	1,090	395	695	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,045	920	1,125	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	3,800	2,170	1,630	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	6,135	3,045	3,090	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	34,320	16,870	17,450	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	155	50	105	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	450	220	230	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	905	385	520	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,190	595	595	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	5,120	2,665	2,450	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	3,960	1,865	2,100	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	510	215	290	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	9,840	4,950	4,890	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	1,960	970	985	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,950	1,025	930	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	1,135	530	605	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	250	150	105	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	5,725	2,680	3,040	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	122,360	57,210	65,145	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,350	655	700	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	9,495	4,095	5,400	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	730	330	395	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	31,815	16,070	15,745	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	1,420	665	750	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	1,305	625	680	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	660	365	295	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	335	50	285	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	455	235	220	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,425	1,440	1,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	955	455	500	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	1,365	670	695	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	4,085	1,950	2,130	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	47,605	21,395	26,215	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	690	360	325	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	740	370	365	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	7,295	3,900	3,400	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	845	405	440	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	375	315	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,760	580	1,180	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	4,205	1,670	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	1,445	785	655	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	940	510	430	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	500	280	220	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	805	400	410	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	285	270
First generation¹⁰⁰	150	75	80	1,074,140	522,255	551,885	65	30	30
Second generation¹⁰¹	140	65	75	777,505	391,285	386,215	85	45	40
Third generation or more¹⁰²	515	255	255	2,326,075	1,174,690	1,151,385	410	205	195
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	125	60	70	843,700	405,975	437,720	30	10	15
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	90	40	55	471,325	236,805	234,520	10	0	10
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	30	10	20	192,785	116,035	76,755	10	0	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	60	25	30	278,535	120,765	157,765	0	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	30	15	15	240,090	98,410	141,680	10	0	10
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	123,970	66,715	57,255	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	8,315	4,050	4,265	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	125	60	70	843,700	405,975	437,720	30	10	15
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	29,815	17,215	12,595	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	30	10	20	126,640	57,515	69,125	10	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	24,340	12,430	11,910	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	47,540	25,735	21,805	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	3,740	1,430	2,305	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	80	30	50	611,625	291,650	319,975	25	10	10
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	805	400	410	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	280	270
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	140	55	80	1,161,420	571,535	589,885	45	15	30
South Asian	80	35	45	297,650	152,030	145,620	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	164,235	79,520	84,710	10	0	10
Black	0	0	0	177,940	90,375	87,570	0	0	0
Filipino	40	10	30	216,710	99,540	117,170	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	69,505	36,555	32,955	0	0	0
Latin American	0	0	0	66,520	32,115	34,405	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	54,005	25,215	28,790	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	25,075	12,835	12,240	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	24,365	11,600	12,770	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	13,560	6,135	7,425	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	15	10	12,100	5,985	6,120	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	39,745	19,625	20,120	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	665	340	320	3,016,295	1,516,700	1,499,605	510	270	240
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	805	395	405	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	285	270
Canadian	90	50	35	484,655	251,795	232,860	100	60	45
English	285	130	150	766,070	376,940	389,130	140	75	60
Irish	180	95	80	561,915	270,440	291,470	165	80	85
Scottish	200	95	105	631,015	309,855	321,160	110	45	60
French, n.o.s.¹²²	50	25	20	340,900	167,270	173,635	35	20	20
German	180	100	80	641,025	317,325	323,705	120	70	45
Chinese	0	0	0	177,990	85,545	92,440	15	0	10
Italian	0	0	0	98,730	49,855	48,875	55	20	35
Indian (India)	15	10	10	155,700	79,060	76,640	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	15	15	343,640	169,070	174,575	55	30	25
Dutch	0	0	0	174,625	87,015	87,610	30	20	10
Polish	15	0	15	169,925	82,005	87,915	50	25	25
Québécois	0	0	0	5,380	2,810	2,570	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	55	20	35	124,835	63,065	61,770	0	0	0
Filipino	35	10	30	203,955	94,020	109,935	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	32,365	15,655	16,710	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	15	10	10	73,475	37,700	35,780	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	73,355	35,940	37,415	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	115,455	55,915	59,535	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	25	10	15	70,790	36,360	34,425	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	97,890	46,455	51,435	0	0	0
Norwegian	40	20	15	154,535	74,455	80,085	35	20	15
Welsh	15	0	10	76,810	36,840	39,970	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	21,415	10,745	10,680	0	0	0
American	25	10	15	66,100	32,535	33,560	10	0	10
Spanish	10	0	0	40,165	18,395	21,770	10	10	10
Swedish	35	20	20	92,975	43,950	49,025	15	0	15
Hungarian	10	0	10	51,360	25,175	26,185	10	10	0
Acadian	0	0	0	10,110	5,175	4,935	0	0	0
Pakistani	40	20	20	39,535	20,140	19,390	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	34,225	17,015	17,210	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	14,405	7,195	7,210	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	37,585	19,270	18,315	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	39,395	18,815	20,580	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	23,860	12,675	11,185	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	13,980	7,290	6,690	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	15,620	7,845	7,775	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	31,255	15,030	16,225	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	62,465	30,145	32,315	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	24,170	11,505	12,660	0	0	0
Romanian	20	15	10	31,530	14,880	16,650	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	28,480	14,600	13,880	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	10,550	5,380	5,165	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	14,380	7,135	7,240	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	56,190	27,550	28,640	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	35	20	10	26,435	12,745	13,695	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	28,860	15,005	13,855	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	36,220	17,895	18,325	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	21,985	10,715	11,270	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	2,460	1,255	1,200	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	20,535	10,485	10,050	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	25,450	12,870	12,580	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	31,565	15,825	15,740	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	22,450	11,045	11,405	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	18,705	9,040	9,665	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	5,140	2,600	2,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	13,720	6,830	6,890	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	18,605	8,565	10,040	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	8,945	4,525	4,420	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	8,305	4,030	4,275	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	25,800	13,080	12,720	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	12,420	6,350	6,065	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	9,585	5,080	4,505	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	12,105	5,985	6,125	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	3,160	1,645	1,515	0	0	0
Icelandic	30	20	10	19,720	9,865	9,850	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	11,115	5,380	5,735	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	2,620	1,375	1,250	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	19,730	9,465	10,260	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	9,520	4,880	4,645	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	3,370	1,715	1,655	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	10,380	5,155	5,225	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	6,880	3,570	3,310	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	7,410	3,655	3,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	4,680	2,280	2,395	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	8,615	4,495	4,125	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	6,715	3,340	3,375	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	3,155	1,505	1,655	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	4,640	2,425	2,215	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	4,595	2,300	2,295	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	6,670	3,725	2,945	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	3,935	2,065	1,870	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	6,525	3,435	3,090	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	1,300	680	620	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	5,000	2,340	2,655	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	14,600	7,585	7,015	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	1,870	930	940	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10	10,525	5,200	5,320	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	7,430	3,470	3,965	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	16,310	8,160	8,150	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	3,630	1,510	2,120	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	4,725	2,385	2,345	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	7,055	3,475	3,580	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	7,445	3,460	3,980	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	5,800	3,120	2,680	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	3,670	1,735	1,930	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,680	820	860	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,215	995	1,220	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,670	2,635	3,035	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	8,400	4,055	4,345	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	8,395	4,275	4,125	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,425	2,365	2,060	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	7,350	3,765	3,590	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	3,540	1,815	1,725	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	2,590	1,280	1,310	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	13,505	6,620	6,875	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	5,735	2,690	3,045	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	2,670	1,270	1,395	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	8,895	4,535	4,360	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	4,535	2,235	2,295	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	995	550	450	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	3,240	1,810	1,430	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	1,535	800	730	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	925	440	485	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	3,860	1,935	1,925	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	5,220	2,505	2,715	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	1,545	790	760	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,210	2,140	2,070	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	11,010	5,580	5,430	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	2,605	1,305	1,305	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	1,920	995	925	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,965	1,020	950	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	8,235	3,925	4,310	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,490	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	26,600	13,605	12,990	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	4,015	2,025	1,995	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	1,725	835	895	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	3,250	1,665	1,585	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	4,085	1,990	2,095	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	855	440	415	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	3,640	1,890	1,745	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	2,125	985	1,140	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	4,170	2,065	2,100	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,240	2,015	2,220	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	250	110	140	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	2,920	1,450	1,470	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	2,190	1,090	1,095	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	2,205	1,060	1,140	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	2,395	1,185	1,210	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	3,640	1,660	1,985	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,460	1,225	1,235	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	6,045	2,785	3,255	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	2,525	1,205	1,320	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	2,405	1,230	1,175	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	1,940	965	980	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	980	465	515	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	320	190	130	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	2,030	1,030	1,000	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	2,640	1,280	1,365	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	4,155	2,040	2,115	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	2,875	1,445	1,430	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	2,195	1,125	1,070	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	1,285	650	635	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,535	1,240	2,295	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	1,005	525	480	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5,140	2,655	2,485	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	225	125	95	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	690	345	350	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5,245	2,750	2,495	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	2,310	1,120	1,190	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	4,220	2,020	2,200	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	11,115	5,290	5,830	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	2,070	1,065	1,005	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,360	645	710	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	3,175	1,630	1,545	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	5,225	2,690	2,530	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	320	155	165	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,180	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	2,640	1,205	1,435	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5,360	2,660	2,705	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	965	470	490	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	240	140	105	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	4,150	1,935	2,210	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	2,200	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	80	55	25	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	495	330	165	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	2,715	1,400	1,315	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	685	330	360	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	1,990	910	1,075	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	550	240	315	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	1,155	575	580	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	5,075	2,745	2,325	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,780	895	880	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	985	450	540	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	2,710	1,315	1,395	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	445	200	250	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	1,175	575	600	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	1,595	845	750	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	665	305	355	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	1,605	860	745	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	600	245	355	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	1,705	900	800	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	255	140	115	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	1,220	590	630	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,405	710	695	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	905	395	515	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	2,075	1,030	1,040	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	310	150	155	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	1,530	740	785	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	520	250	265	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	380	215	155	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	975	500	475	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	1,370	715	650	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	1,785	855	925	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	565	295	270	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	865	440	435	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	850	455	395	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	2,825	1,300	1,530	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	1,115	535	580	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,690	805	885	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	340	185	160	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	250	135	110	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	3,745	2,025	1,715	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	1,500	775	725	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	1,160	565	595	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	1,010	620	395	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	475	235	240	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	840	400	445	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	735	410	330	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	2,535	1,145	1,395	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	2,295	1,120	1,180	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	370	190	185	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	535	235	300	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	585	280	310	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	320	160	165	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	580	310	270	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	655	305	350	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	595	290	305	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	225	120	105	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	1,195	575	620	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	780	340	440	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	1,120	560	560	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	1,145	625	525	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	370	185	190	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	1,755	925	825	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	310	125	185	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	805	400	410	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	555	280	270
Buddhist	0	0	0	42,830	19,140	23,690	0	0	0
Christian	315	140	180	2,009,820	952,440	1,057,385	340	170	170
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	45	20	25	429,375	207,320	222,055	0	0	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	20,035	10,075	9,960	0	0	0
Anglican	20	10	10	95,560	43,925	51,635	25	15	0
Baptist	0	0	0	44,605	20,650	23,955	0	0	0
Catholic	150	75	80	833,025	399,750	433,275	225	110	120
Christian Orthodox	15	0	15	63,775	30,995	32,775	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	18,185	7,955	10,235	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	47,125	22,540	24,580	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	78,925	36,470	42,455	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	9,640	4,400	5,240	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	53,900	25,250	28,655	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	22,850	10,360	12,495	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	14,735	7,310	7,430	0	0	0
United Church	30	0	20	153,820	67,205	86,615	55	30	30
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	30	0	20	124,265	58,235	66,030	15	10	10
Hindu	0	0	0	78,520	40,435	38,085	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	11,390	5,475	5,915	0	0	0
Muslim	50	20	25	202,535	103,635	98,900	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	103,600	52,505	51,100	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	19,755	9,640	10,120	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	33,220	14,325	18,905	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	435	235	200	1,676,045	890,645	785,400	220	120	100
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	800	395	405	4,131,540	2,064,715	2,066,825	555	285	270
Non-movers	775	385	395	3,583,005	1,793,310	1,789,695	505	260	245
Movers	25	10	15	548,535	271,400	277,130	50	20	25
Non-migrants	20	10	15	367,325	182,230	185,100	40	15	25
Migrants	0	0	0	181,205	89,170	92,035	10	10	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	152,655	75,275	77,380	10	10	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	107,180	52,880	54,295	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	45,475	22,390	23,090	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	28,555	13,900	14,650	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	760	385	370	3,930,000	1,961,005	1,969,000	500	260	245
Non-movers	560	280	280	2,314,250	1,158,665	1,155,590	385	200	185
Movers	200	105	95	1,615,755	802,340	813,415	120	60	60
Non-migrants	80	40	40	854,765	427,660	427,105	95	45	45
Migrants	120	60	55	760,990	374,680	386,305	25	15	15
Internal migrants	105	55	50	596,980	295,120	301,860	25	15	15
Intraprovincial migrants	70	35	35	431,785	213,950	217,830	10	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	35	20	20	165,195	81,160	84,035	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	164,015	79,565	84,445	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	575	290	285	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	440	230	205
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	75	35	40	595,665	322,765	272,900	55	25	35
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	500	255	245	2,779,465	1,353,090	1,426,375	380	205	170
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	470	225	245	2,298,165	1,141,780	1,156,380	245	125	120
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30	10	20	274,480	156,485	117,990	10	0	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	435	215	220	2,023,680	985,290	1,038,390	235	120	115
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	575	290	285	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,275	440	235	210
No certificate, diploma or degree	75	30	40	522,835	275,555	247,275	50	15	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	100	60	40	972,110	482,900	489,215	110	65	35
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	405	195	210	1,880,185	917,400	962,790	285	145	140
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	240	130	115	1,014,810	524,770	490,045	105	50	50
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	85	75	15	295,285	232,120	63,165	15	10	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	87,195	51,295	35,900	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	85	75	15	208,090	180,830	27,260	15	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	125	50	75	612,690	250,540	362,145	75	35	45
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30	10	20	106,840	42,105	64,735	15	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	160	70	95	865,370	392,625	472,745	180	90	80
Bachelor's degree	100	35	65	605,025	265,105	339,925	110	60	50
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	10	0	44,915	19,815	25,100	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	23,880	12,100	11,775	0	0	0
Master's degree	45	25	20	164,245	79,220	85,025	45	30	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	27,315	16,385	10,920	10	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	465	225	245	2,298,160	1,141,780	1,156,385	250	120	125
No certificate, diploma or degree	25	0	25	227,880	126,960	100,920	10	0	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	90	55	35	581,820	298,415	283,405	40	30	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	355	170	185	1,488,465	716,410	772,060	200	95	105
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	200	100	105	774,420	401,065	373,355	70	30	40
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	75	65	15	220,930	175,185	45,745	10	10	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	61,815	37,400	24,415	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	70	60	15	159,110	137,785	21,330	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	110	40	65	472,155	193,510	278,645	50	15	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	0	20	81,335	32,370	48,965	10	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	155	65	85	714,040	315,340	398,700	135	65	70
Bachelor's degree	95	35	60	497,885	213,625	284,260	65	35	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	15	0	35,125	15,110	20,020	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	10	20,045	9,435	10,615	0	0	0
Master's degree	35	20	15	139,935	65,290	74,645	45	25	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	21,050	11,880	9,165	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	575	290	285	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	440	235	205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	170	90	80	1,494,945	758,460	736,490	155	85	70
Education	30	10	20	129,710	30,305	99,400	15	0	10
13. Education	30	10	20	129,710	30,305	99,400	15	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	10	0	49,820	20,045	29,775	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	5,805	4,125	1,675	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	10	0	44,015	15,915	28,100	0	0	0
Humanities	35	10	20	75,030	29,415	45,615	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	7,385	1,545	5,845	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	15,425	4,255	11,170	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	24,015	8,710	15,315	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,165	400	760	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,555	3,090	2,465	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0	0	11,680	6,855	4,830	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	8,065	4,165	3,895	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	1,735	400	1,335	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	30	177,435	57,365	120,070	35	20	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,750	620	2,130	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	21,730	8,340	13,395	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	29,220	2,090	27,125	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	31,215	10,250	20,965	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	3,045	1,025	2,015	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	31,925	7,565	24,355	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	57,565	27,475	30,085	30	15	10
Business, management and public administration	100	35	65	390,110	151,140	238,975	90	45	50
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	615	160	455	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	23,375	4,465	18,910	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	95	35	60	366,120	146,520	219,605	90	45	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	0	80,425	40,180	40,245	20	10	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	29,505	11,950	17,555	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	18,630	8,340	10,295	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,115	400	715	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	26,315	17,555	8,760	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	4,860	1,930	2,930	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	71,380	45,230	26,150	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	58,030	39,530	18,500	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	4,400	600	3,800	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,770	4,330	3,435	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,190	765	420	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	100	100	0	461,075	411,075	49,995	55	55	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	12,095	7,465	4,625	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	15	0	114,735	92,365	22,370	35	35	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	15	0	106,575	91,350	15,225	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	25	25	0	95,890	92,650	3,240	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	25	25	0	82,805	80,150	2,655	0	0	0
48. Precision production	15	15	0	48,925	47,075	1,850	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	10	51,710	28,660	23,055	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	0	10	35,010	19,075	15,935	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	16,700	9,575	7,120	0	0	0
Health and related fields	55	10	50	295,415	56,225	239,190	45	10	35
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	20,505	9,625	10,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	50	0	50	267,750	42,785	224,965	35	0	35
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	475	180	295	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	6,680	3,635	3,050	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	97,660	47,575	50,075	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	57,430	15,580	41,845	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	365	335	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	705	605	100	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	19,025	12,445	6,580	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	20,125	18,615	1,520	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	420	190	235	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	470	225	245	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	245	125	125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	115	55	55	809,700	425,375	384,325	50	25	20
Education	25	10	15	92,240	19,980	72,255	15	0	15
13. Education	25	10	15	92,240	19,980	72,255	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	39,730	15,620	24,110	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	4,065	2,750	1,315	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	35,665	12,875	22,790	0	0	0
Humanities	30	10	15	58,200	22,205	35,990	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	5,945	1,210	4,740	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	12,145	3,310	8,825	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	19,305	6,800	12,500	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	890	295	590	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	4,385	2,430	1,950	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0	10	8,135	4,740	3,395	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,205	3,160	3,040	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	1,190	250	940	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30	0	30	146,530	45,555	100,975	20	10	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,315	515	1,800	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	18,890	6,940	11,950	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	23,325	1,630	21,690	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	15	25,940	7,730	18,210	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,545	825	1,715	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	25,775	5,750	20,025	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	47,735	22,165	25,570	20	10	10
Business, management and public administration	85	25	60	317,125	121,510	195,615	80	30	50
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	450	135	315	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	18,680	3,200	15,480	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	80	25	55	297,995	118,175	179,820	80	30	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	61,555	29,465	32,090	15	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	23,290	9,185	14,105	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	14,260	6,255	8,010	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	900	315	580	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	19,655	12,320	7,335	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	3,445	1,385	2,055	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	61,125	39,035	22,085	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	51,435	34,910	16,530	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,945	460	2,490	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,775	3,080	2,700	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	965	590	370	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	80	80	0	362,315	318,170	44,135	40	40	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	9,600	5,585	4,020	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	15	0	95,200	75,075	20,125	20	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	84,485	71,240	13,245	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	25	25	0	73,955	71,080	2,875	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20	20	0	61,780	59,485	2,290	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	37,260	35,705	1,555	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	10	40,085	20,610	19,475	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	0	10	26,160	12,965	13,205	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	13,925	7,650	6,275	0	0	0
Health and related fields	50	10	40	232,820	45,895	186,920	25	0	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	16,345	7,640	8,705	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	0	40	210,650	35,325	175,320	20	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	400	145	255	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,430	2,785	2,645	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	76,410	38,205	38,205	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	43,535	12,080	31,455	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	300	275	25	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	445	390	55	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	15,885	10,385	5,505	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	16,245	15,080	1,165	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	470	225	245	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	245	125	125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	115	55	55	809,700	425,375	384,325	50	25	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	355	170	185	1,488,465	716,405	772,060	195	90	105
Location of study inside Canada	285	145	140	1,157,790	563,035	594,750	175	80	95
Same as province or territory of residence	200	105	95	886,080	429,870	456,210	120	40	75
Different than province or territory of residence	85	40	45	271,710	133,165	138,545	60	40	25
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	65	25	45	330,675	153,370	177,305	20	10	10
Americas	20	10	15	54,515	26,775	27,740	10	10	0
United States of America	20	10	15	34,460	17,900	16,555	10	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0	4,820	2,255	2,565	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	625	300	320	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	190	125	65	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	1,470	665	805	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	2,480	1,000	1,475	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,200	1,335	1,865	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	640	220	420	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	2,395	995	1,400	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,235	1,975	2,265	0	0	0
Europe	15	0	10	54,920	28,570	26,350	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	510	320	190	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	2,005	1,045	960	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	3,195	1,670	1,520	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	2,110	1,215	890	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	945	515	435	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	645	310	335	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	980	445	540	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	3,150	1,350	1,805	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	2,790	1,455	1,335	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	3,450	1,515	1,935	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	4,305	1,940	2,365	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	1,865	1,115	750	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	20,280	11,190	9,090	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	730	375	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	660	360	300	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	755	365	390	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	6,550	3,385	3,165	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	26,775	13,770	13,005	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	7,795	3,825	3,970	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	670	345	325	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	1,085	615	475	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	505	305	200	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,230	1,665	1,565	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	3,660	1,885	1,770	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	9,830	5,130	4,700	0	0	0
Asia	25	10	20	188,060	80,750	107,315	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,440	1,605	1,835	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	1,435	730	705	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	655	350	305	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,500	695	805	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	1,370	700	660	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	895	540	360	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	17,320	7,525	9,795	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	960	245	715	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	1,245	425	820	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,935	530	1,405	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	6,990	2,990	4,000	0	0	0
Philippines	20	0	20	74,205	29,080	45,130	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,500	545	955	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,470	990	1,490	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	1,280	685	595	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	52,120	24,905	27,215	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	10,355	4,710	5,645	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	8,390	3,510	4,885	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	6,410	3,505	2,905	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	4,880	2,560	2,320	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	1,105	680	425	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	425	265	160	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	575	290	285	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,280	440	235	210
In the labour force	480	260	220	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,425	245	140	105
Employed	430	235	195	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,135	215	120	95
Unemployed	50	25	25	264,650	138,365	126,290	30	20	10
Not in the labour force	95	30	65	1,079,750	459,900	619,845	195	95	105
Participation rate	83.5	89.7	77.2	68.0	72.6	63.5	55.7	59.6	50.0
Employment rate	74.8	81.0	68.4	60.2	64.3	56.1	48.9	51.1	45.2
Unemployment rate	10.4	9.6	11.4	11.5	11.4	11.7	12.2	14.3	9.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	575	290	285	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	440	235	205
Did not work¹⁸⁶	115	45	60	1,140,745	497,150	643,595	170	80	90
Worked	465	240	220	2,234,385	1,178,705	1,055,680	265	155	120
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	250	145	110	1,164,455	670,620	493,835	130	75	60
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	210	95	115	1,069,930	508,085	561,840	135	80	60
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.9	40.2	39.6	40.8	41.5	39.9	41.4	40.0	43.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	480	260	225	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	245	140	100
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	15	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	20	15	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	465	245	225	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	225	125	95
Employee	365	205	155	1,876,950	967,450	909,500	170	95	75
Permanent position	315	175	140	1,560,435	814,805	745,625	135	85	55
Temporary position	45	30	15	316,520	152,640	163,880	30	10	20
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	0	0	97,610	44,060	53,555	10	0	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	35	25	10	218,905	108,585	110,320	25	10	15
Self-employed¹⁹²	105	35	70	347,975	213,655	134,320	55	35	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	480	260	225	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	245	140	100
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	15	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	20	15	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	465	245	225	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	225	125	95
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	15	10	10	23,120	16,455	6,665	15	10	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	65	10	55	373,795	110,275	263,520	60	25	35
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	50	45	0	182,880	140,540	42,340	25	20	0
3 Health occupations	40	10	35	182,480	34,585	147,895	15	0	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	50	15	35	246,625	82,115	164,510	20	0	15
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20	10	15	51,815	21,140	30,675	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	100	45	60	538,930	232,640	306,285	40	20	15
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	90	80	10	441,955	399,605	42,345	30	30	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10	10	0	99,430	77,250	22,180	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	10	0	83,895	66,480	17,415	15	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	480	260	225	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	245	140	100
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	15	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	20	15	0
All industries¹⁹¹	465	245	225	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	225	125	95
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	63,965	42,305	21,665	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	20	0	112,890	88,690	24,200	25	25	10
22 Utilities	0	0	0	22,630	15,900	6,735	0	0	0
23 Construction	75	55	20	210,350	177,845	32,505	10	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	30	30	0	118,890	88,735	30,155	10	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	15	0	10	71,580	50,655	20,930	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	40	15	25	253,030	117,605	135,425	15	10	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	10	15	128,410	96,000	32,410	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	28,680	16,625	12,055	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	68,355	27,225	41,135	25	20	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15	10	0	39,400	21,625	17,775	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	35	25	15	177,895	99,055	78,840	25	10	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	4,420	2,075	2,345	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30	10	20	91,750	51,325	40,430	10	10	0
61 Educational services	30	15	15	149,170	43,775	105,400	20	0	15
62 Health care and social assistance	60	0	55	285,090	51,930	233,155	30	10	20
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	42,685	20,880	21,805	20	15	10
72 Accommodation and food services	20	10	10	132,930	57,280	75,650	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	30	15	15	104,530	50,355	54,175	15	0	15
91 Public administration	15	0	10	118,270	61,230	57,040	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	490	255	235	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	270	155	120
English	490	255	235	2,319,940	1,223,960	1,095,975	265	155	115
French	0	0	0	3,840	1,145	2,695	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	14,015	7,470	6,545	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	245	140	105	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	13,770	7,330	6,440	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	20,015	8,200	11,815	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	61,830	31,865	29,965	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	45	15	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,550	765	785	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	885	475	410	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	490	255	235	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	270	155	120
Single responses	490	255	235	2,407,485	1,266,360	1,141,120	270	155	120
Official languages	490	255	235	2,381,515	1,252,385	1,129,135	270	155	120
English	490	255	235	2,374,615	1,250,455	1,124,165	265	155	115
French	0	0	0	6,900	1,930	4,970	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	25,965	13,980	11,990	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	765	425	340	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	695	400	300	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	630	355	280	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	630	355	280	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	520	295	220	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	25,200	13,555	11,650	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,025	535	495	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	135	60	80	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	850	450	400	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	100	50	60	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	600	315	280	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,305	500	805	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,275	480	795	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	1,160	540	620	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,065	490	570	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	12,180	7,175	5,010	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	780	300	480	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	780	300	480	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	305	100	200	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	55	35	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,025	1,985	1,045	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,555	970	580	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,540	965	575	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,445	995	455	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	85	50	30	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	330	245	80	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,025	695	330	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5,660	3,440	2,220	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5,435	3,340	2,100	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	280	150	135	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	70	20	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	4,630	2,975	1,655	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	285	125	160	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	210	95	110	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	2,660	1,415	1,245	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	125	75	50	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	75	45	35	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,420	1,275	1,145	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	205	70	135	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	1,250	630	620	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	170	80	85	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	7,340	3,725	3,615	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,605	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	3,105	1,570	1,535	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	4,145	2,095	2,050	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	30	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	170	65	100	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	150	55	90	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	145	115	30	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	145	115	30	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	45	30	15	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	14,630	7,530	7,100	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	2,560	1,105	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,695	6,245	5,440	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	145	65	75	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	190	90	105	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	490	255	235	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	270	155	120
None	490	255	235	2,350,940	1,239,355	1,111,590	270	155	120
English	0	0	0	13,200	6,355	6,840	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	14,630	6,410	8,215	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	36,335	18,310	18,025	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	2,125	865	1,255	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	34,210	17,445	16,765	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,080	540	540	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,125	565	560	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	4,760	2,335	2,420	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	430	230	200	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,140	215	125	95
Worked at home	120	50	70	446,315	211,420	234,900	75	45	30
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	5,430	4,105	1,330	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	75	60	15	319,675	242,835	76,845	20	20	0
Usual place of work	235	125	115	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	115	55	65
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	240	120	110	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	120	60	60
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	170	80	95	902,040	419,240	482,800	100	50	55
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	45	30	15	292,360	157,820	134,535	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	52,590	34,120	18,470	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	10	12,315	8,060	4,260	10	0	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	310	185	130	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	140	75	60
Car, truck or van	280	170	110	1,378,685	765,905	612,775	115	65	55
Car, truck or van - as a driver	250	160	85	1,287,940	730,925	557,015	115	65	45
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	35	10	20	90,740	34,980	55,760	0	0	0
Public transit	0	0	0	88,255	39,915	48,345	0	0	0
Walked	0	0	0	62,810	27,445	35,360	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	11,370	7,975	3,395	0	0	0
Other method	20	15	0	37,865	20,820	17,040	15	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	310	185	130	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	140	75	60
Less than 15 minutes	95	40	55	487,710	225,360	262,355	40	15	20
15 to 29 minutes	120	75	50	610,485	333,105	277,385	65	35	30
30 to 44 minutes	70	55	20	302,735	184,370	118,365	30	15	15
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	87,230	55,475	31,755	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	10	10	0	90,815	63,765	27,050	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	310	185	130	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	140	75	60
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	15	0	116,400	88,060	28,340	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	80	45	30	296,930	194,765	102,165	20	15	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	90	50	35	424,170	228,535	195,630	60	35	25
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	45	20	15	299,145	134,910	164,240	45	25	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	45	20	25	195,835	83,185	112,655	10	0	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	25	15	246,495	132,620	113,880	0	0	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	270	145	130	971,390	499,245	472,145	110	50	65
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	15	10	67,140	34,000	33,140	15	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	245	125	120	904,245	465,240	439,005	100	40	55
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	210	115	95	704,490	362,400	342,090	85	40	45
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	10	5	49,735	25,180	24,555	10	5	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	24,675	12,010	12,665	10	0	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	15	10	0	25,055	13,170	11,890	5	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	195	105	90	654,755	337,220	317,530	70	30	40

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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