Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48062300More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48061864More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48062514More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	3,857	...	...	1,051	...	...	2,730	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	1,063	...	...	328	...	...	848	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	1,049	...	...	313	...	...	819	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5,796.5	...	...	1,640.4	...	...	1,858.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.67	...	...	0.64	...	...	1.47	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	3,860	1,955	1,905	1,050	530	520	2,730	1,385	1,345
0 to 14 years	805	430	380	250	140	115	620	330	285
0 to 4 years	165	85	75	50	35	20	145	90	60
5 to 9 years	245	140	110	90	45	45	220	110	105
10 to 14 years	395	205	190	115	60	55	250	130	115
15 to 64 years	2,730	1,370	1,360	675	325	340	1,935	960	975
15 to 19 years	365	185	180	70	40	35	185	95	95
20 to 24 years	270	160	110	70	30	35	190	105	85
25 to 29 years	210	105	105	25	15	10	135	75	60
30 to 34 years	190	85	105	20	5	15	135	65	70
35 to 39 years	250	130	120	50	10	35	205	90	120
40 to 44 years	315	140	180	90	45	45	260	110	150
45 to 49 years	400	185	210	120	60	65	275	140	140
50 to 54 years	320	165	160	95	50	45	220	100	115
55 to 59 years	230	125	100	55	25	30	210	120	90
60 to 64 years	170	90	80	70	35	35	115	55	60
65 years and over	320	155	165	130	60	65	175	90	90
65 to 69 years	120	65	60	35	20	20	75	40	35
70 to 74 years	90	45	50	40	15	20	45	25	20
75 to 79 years	50	25	25	25	15	10	25	5	15
80 to 84 years	40	15	25	20	10	10	20	10	10
85 years and over	20	5	10	10	5	10	10	5	5
85 to 89 years	15	5	10	10	5	10	10	5	0
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.9	22.0	19.9	23.8	26.4	22.1	22.7	23.8	21.2
15 to 64 years	70.7	70.1	71.4	64.3	61.3	65.4	70.9	69.3	72.5
65 years and over	8.3	7.9	8.7	12.4	11.3	12.5	6.4	6.5	6.7
85 years and over	0.5	0.3	0.5	1.0	0.9	1.9	0.4	0.4	0.4
Average age of the population	35.7	35.1	36.4	38.2	37.3	39.1	35.3	34.7	35.9
Median age of the population	37.2	35.6	38.0	42.8	43.2	42.8	37.6	36.4	38.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	1,050	...	...	315	...	...	820	...	...
Single-detached house	870	...	...	250	...	...	685	...	...
Semi-detached house	160	...	...	60	...	...	40	...	...
Row house	5	...	...	0	...	...	100	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	1,050	...	...	310	...	...	815	...	...
1 person	70	...	...	25	...	...	75	...	...
2 persons	200	...	...	85	...	...	205	...	...
3 persons	200	...	...	55	...	...	160	...	...
4 persons	310	...	...	85	...	...	235	...	...
5 or more persons	270	...	...	65	...	...	150	...	...
Number of persons in private households	3,860	1,950	1,905	1,050	530	525	2,730	1,385	1,345
Average household size	3.7	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	3,050	1,525	1,530	795	390	405	2,110	1,050	1,060
Married or living common-law	1,865	945	925	575	290	285	1,410	705	705
Married	1,730	875	855	535	265	265	1,315	655	655
Living common-law	135	70	65	40	20	20	95	45	45
Living common law - Never married	100	55	45	20	10	10	65	35	35
Living common law - Separated	10	5	5	5	5	5	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	25	15	15	15	10	10	20	10	15
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	1,180	580	605	225	105	120	705	350	355
Not married and not living common law - Never married	945	515	430	175	95	80	560	305	255
Not married and not living common law - Separated	50	15	35	5	0	5	25	15	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	100	35	70	15	5	10	80	25	55
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	85	10	70	25	0	20	45	5	40
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	1,035	...	...	300	...	...	760	...	...
2 persons	285	...	...	95	...	...	235	...	...
3 persons	235	...	...	65	...	...	180	...	...
4 persons	355	...	...	85	...	...	250	...	...
5 or more persons	170	...	...	50	...	...	90	...	...
Average size of census families	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	1,035	...	...	300	...	...	755	...	...
Total couple families	915	...	...	285	...	...	695	...	...
Married couples	845	...	...	265	...	...	650	...	...
With children⁶	660	...	...	190	...	...	470	...	...
Without children	190	...	...	80	...	...	180	...	...
Common-law couples	65	...	...	20	...	...	45	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	5	...	...	25	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	10	...	...	25	...	...
Total one-parent families	125	...	...	10	...	...	60	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	100	...	...	10	...	...	50	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	25	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	3,855	1,950	1,905	1,050	525	525	2,730	1,385	1,345
Total - Persons in census families	3,550	1,805	1,750	1,005	515	490	2,505	1,285	1,220
Married spouses or common-law partners	1,825	915	905	570	285	285	1,390	695	695
Parents in one-parent families	125	25	95	15	0	15	65	10	55
Children⁶	1,600	860	740	420	225	195	1,055	580	475
In a two-parent family	1,395	750	645	405	220	185	955	515	435
In a one-parent family	205	110	95	15	5	10	100	60	40
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	310	150	155	45	15	30	225	100	125
Living alone	70	45	30	25	10	20	75	30	40
Living with other relatives⁷	125	45	80	15	0	10	90	35	55
Living with non-relatives only	110	55	50	5	0	0	60	30	25
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	1,045	...	...	310	...	...	820	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	740	...	...	260	...	...	605	...	...
Couple-family households	670	...	...	250	...	...	565	...	...
With children⁶	530	...	...	170	...	...	410	...	...
Without children	140	...	...	75	...	...	160	...	...
One-parent-family households	70	...	...	10	...	...	45	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	120	...	...	20	...	...	55	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	20	...	...	5	...	...	15	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	70	...	...	5	...	...	40	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	30	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...
One-person households	70	...	...	30	...	...	75	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	3,050	1,525	1,525	800	390	410	2,115	1,055	1,060
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,845	1,420	1,420	740	360	375	1,985	990	1,000
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,200	34,400	54,400	74,500	45,600	47,200	58,400	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,845	1,420	1,420	740	360	375	1,985	990	1,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,800	32,400	46,400	60,000	40,800	42,000	49,600	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,530	1,295	1,230	695	345	350	1,860	940	920
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	41,200	26,600	51,200	74,500	42,400	44,800	57,600	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,215	1,160	1,055	525	270	255	1,625	835	790
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,800	31,000	49,200	78,000	36,000	50,000	60,400	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,485	1,200	1,285	610	305	305	1,680	815	860
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,100	6,000	8,100	6,120	5,000	7,100	4,880	2,980	6,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	350	165	185	45	15	30	220	105	115
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,760	5,200	5,720	x	5,720	5,480	5,000	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,110	560	560	225	115	110	700	325	375
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,000	8,700	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	3,060	1,520	1,540	705	325	375	2,135	1,050	1,080
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,845	1,425	1,415	645	300	340	2,010	990	1,020
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,080	56,450	45,680	134,400	206,000	71,600	70,400	82,600	58,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,845	1,425	1,415	645	300	340	2,010	990	1,020
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,480	47,200	39,720	95,800	141,000	55,600	56,900	65,200	48,900
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,495	1,270	1,220	630	300	330	1,915	940	975
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,480	54,300	40,300	130,500	202,000	66,400	66,100	79,200	53,500
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,210	1,140	1,065	460	240	220	1,655	830	825
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,880	55,000	42,300	104,000	134,000	70,500	67,800	79,600	56,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,440	1,170	1,270	530	260	270	1,695	830	870
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,990	9,700	12,180	8,640	7,950	9,300	8,780	8,580	8,980
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	405	170	235	25	0	20	255	130	125
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,600	7,250	6,120	6,400	...	6,800	7,850	8,400	7,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,155	585	575	210	120	85	765	375	395
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,480	10,200	10,760	9,100	9,400	8,600	8,880	8,920	8,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	3,055	1,525	1,540	705	325	380	2,130	1,050	1,080
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	985	585	395	200	110	85	795	405	395
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	66,500	64,000	134,000	154,000	120,000	85,000	93,000	73,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,200	79,600	73,200	182,000	240,000	106,000	108,800	131,000	86,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	915	410	510	175	85	90	650	290	355
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,900	15,000	14,900	14,300	10,300	14,300	23,800	28,400	21,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,600	29,100	26,500	59,600	58,000	61,000	33,500	36,400	31,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.6	86.0	76.0	95.0	96.0	90.0	89.4	91.2	86.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.4	78.4	69.6	55.2	52.0	63.0	79.4	81.2	76.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.5	14.2	23.9	5.3	3.4	10.4	10.5	8.7	13.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.2	0.2	x	0.6	1.4	1.4	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.1	7.8	10.6	2.4	2.0	3.5	5.2	4.3	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	8.4	7.4	9.5	2.2	1.9	3.1	4.8	4.1	5.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	3,050	1,525	1,530	795	390	405	2,110	1,050	1,060
Without total income	210	100	105	60	30	30	125	65	60
With total income	2,840	1,425	1,420	740	365	380	1,990	990	1,000
Under $10,000 (including loss)	350	145	200	90	25	60	215	80	135
$10,000 to $19,999	325	150	180	75	30	45	200	95	105
$20,000 to $29,999	460	215	240	70	35	30	245	115	125
$30,000 to $39,999	345	155	190	65	30	35	195	75	115
$40,000 to $49,999	285	135	155	55	30	25	175	75	105
$50,000 to $59,999	205	95	110	40	15	20	120	60	60
$60,000 to $69,999	170	85	90	30	10	20	115	60	55
$70,000 to $79,999	135	70	60	25	5	15	100	55	45
$80,000 to $89,999	115	65	50	25	15	10	105	40	65
$90,000 to $99,999	105	70	40	25	10	15	85	45	45
$100,000 and over	350	245	105	245	155	90	420	285	140
$100,000 to $149,999	220	135	80	85	40	40	225	135	90
$150,000 and over	135	105	25	160	110	50	200	150	50
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	3,050	1,525	1,530	795	390	405	2,110	1,050	1,060
Without after-tax income	210	100	105	60	30	30	125	65	60
With after-tax income	2,840	1,425	1,420	740	365	380	1,990	990	1,000
Under $10,000 (including loss)	350	150	200	100	35	65	220	80	140
$10,000 to $19,999	345	150	190	75	30	45	205	100	105
$20,000 to $29,999	520	250	275	75	40	35	270	125	150
$30,000 to $39,999	380	175	210	70	25	40	255	110	150
$40,000 to $49,999	320	150	165	70	40	35	180	75	100
$50,000 to $59,999	210	105	105	35	5	25	150	75	80
$60,000 to $69,999	190	85	100	35	15	25	135	65	75
$70,000 to $79,999	140	90	50	25	15	10	115	60	55
$80,000 to $89,999	120	65	50	30	10	20	110	50	60
$90,000 to $99,999	70	45	20	30	10	15	70	40	25
$100,000 and over	200	155	50	205	135	70	275	200	75
$100,000 to $124,999	100	70	30	60	30	30	120	80	40
$125,000 and over	100	80	20	145	100	40	150	120	35
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	3,050	1,525	1,530	795	390	405	2,110	1,050	1,060
Without employment income	830	360	470	275	120	155	490	220	270
With employment income	2,220	1,165	1,060	525	275	250	1,625	830	790
Under $5,000 (including loss)	325	170	160	70	35	35	185	85	105
$5,000 to $9,999	205	95	110	60	25	40	125	60	65
$10,000 to $19,999	275	120	150	60	30	25	190	85	100
$20,000 to $29,999	180	80	100	25	10	15	130	50	85
$30,000 to $39,999	175	85	85	35	15	20	90	40	50
$40,000 to $49,999	180	95	80	15	10	10	90	45	50
$50,000 to $59,999	165	75	85	25	5	15	85	50	40
$60,000 to $69,999	130	65	60	15	5	10	120	60	60
$70,000 to $79,999	105	60	50	15	5	10	90	45	50
$80,000 to $89,999	100	55	40	10	5	5	90	45	50
$90,000 to $99,999	90	50	35	15	10	10	75	40	35
$100,000 and over	305	215	90	185	125	65	355	240	110
$100,000 to $124,999	125	70	50	35	15	20	120	65	55
$125,000 and over	180	145	35	150	105	45	230	180	50
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	3,050	1,525	1,525	800	390	410	2,115	1,055	1,060
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,715	1,355	1,360	725	360	365	1,935	970	975
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,600	32,800	56,000	76,000	49,200	48,000	59,600	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,715	1,355	1,360	725	360	365	1,940	970	970
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	31,400	51,200	64,000	44,000	42,800	51,600	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,475	1,260	1,215	690	345	345	1,830	925	905
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,800	32,400	55,200	75,000	45,200	48,800	60,800	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,190	1,130	1,065	540	280	260	1,620	830	795
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	47,600	36,000	49,200	72,000	37,600	51,600	62,800	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,275	1,120	1,155	565	285	280	1,555	785	770
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,120	910	2,780	1,020	910	1,560	960	890	1,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	175	75	95	30	10	20	135	55	80
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,640	5,680	7,400	x	7,800	6,040	5,360	7,050
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	3,060	1,520	1,540	705	325	375	2,135	1,050	1,080
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,710	1,320	1,390	630	300	330	1,980	960	1,015
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,280	56,800	44,120	158,000	244,000	78,800	68,900	83,800	54,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,710	1,320	1,390	630	300	330	1,980	960	1,015
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,520	47,400	37,920	118,800	184,000	60,000	55,650	65,800	46,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,430	1,210	1,225	615	295	320	1,915	935	980
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,350	58,700	44,100	159,000	246,000	77,500	67,400	83,000	52,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,205	1,125	1,080	460	235	225	1,655	820	835
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,350	59,300	47,100	114,800	155,000	72,500	68,400	83,600	53,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,285	1,080	1,210	480	230	245	1,605	790	810
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,968	3,630	6,160	4,560	3,440	5,600	4,308	3,580	5,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	155	70	85	20	0	20	130	50	80
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,100	8,400	6,200	4,000	...	4,000	8,400	7,400	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	3,055	1,525	1,540	705	325	380	2,130	1,050	1,080
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	995	590	405	200	110	90	810	405	400
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	62,000	62,000	131,000	148,000	97,000	83,000	102,000	67,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,600	76,800	71,200	196,000	272,000	100,000	102,000	126,400	77,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	865	360	500	175	85	90	610	275	340
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,200	32,800	26,200	20,200	24,600	19,200	30,400	32,800	30,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,500	44,000	36,200	64,500	63,000	66,000	41,200	48,400	35,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.6	94.8	88.0	98.0	98.0	94.0	95.0	96.4	92.8
Employment income (%)	86.4	89.2	83.2	52.8	50.0	62.0	83.4	85.6	80.0
Government transfers (%)	8.3	5.2	12.1	2.2	1.1	5.3	5.1	3.5	7.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.1	...	0.3	0.8	0.5	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	1,050	...	...	310	...	...	815	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	188,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	146,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	70	...	...	30	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	123,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,200	...	...	91,000	...	...	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	975	...	...	285	...	...	745	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	192,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	154,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	1,060	...	...	275	...	...	860	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	137,200	...	...	318,000	...	...	164,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	116,800	...	...	226,000	...	...	132,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	100	...	...	25	...	...	95	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	965	...	...	255	...	...	770	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	145,200	...	...	336,000	...	...	171,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,600	...	...	238,000	...	...	138,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	1,050	...	...	315	...	...	820	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40	...	...	5	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	50	...	...	5	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	55	...	...	15	...	...	45	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	70	...	...	15	...	...	45	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	70	...	...	10	...	...	40	...	...
$100,000 and over	670	...	...	250	...	...	580	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	125	...	...	35	...	...	95	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	135	...	...	30	...	...	95	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	195	...	...	50	...	...	150	...	...
$200,000 and over	215	...	...	145	...	...	235	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	1,050	...	...	315	...	...	820	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	10	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	65	...	...	10	...	...	45	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	70	...	...	15	...	...	55	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	85	...	...	15	...	...	55	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	75	...	...	20	...	...	55	...	...
$100,000 and over	590	...	...	220	...	...	510	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	160	...	...	35	...	...	130	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	145	...	...	35	...	...	100	...	...
$150,000 and over	290	...	...	155	...	...	285	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	960	...	...	285	...	...	730	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	192,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	153,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.8	...	...	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	155	...	...	75	...	...	165	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	148,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	690	...	...	195	...	...	490	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	222,000	...	...	164,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	174,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.4	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	100	...	...	10	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	x	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	x	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	180	100	75	30	15	20	135	65	70
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	42,800	38,000	101,000	x	x	51,600	52,800	51,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	38,400	33,200	78,500	x	x	45,600	46,400	45,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	945	...	...	250	...	...	745	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	142,800	...	...	336,000	...	...	170,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,200	...	...	238,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	165	...	...	70	...	...	180	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	220,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	170,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	660	...	...	165	...	...	505	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,800	...	...	412,000	...	...	187,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,800	...	...	286,000	...	...	151,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	100	...	...	15	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	240	125	120	25	0	15	170	70	100
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	48,000	38,000	110,000	...	140,000	78,500	104,000	61,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	41,000	34,500	80,000	...	100,000	64,000	84,000	51,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	3,860	1,955	1,905	1,050	530	520	2,730	1,385	1,345
0 to 17 years	1,045	550	495	305	165	140	725	390	335
0 to 5 years	200	110	90	60	40	25	180	100	80
18 to 64 years	2,495	1,250	1,245	620	300	315	1,830	905	925
65 years and over	325	155	165	130	60	65	175	90	85
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	205	105	100	45	25	25	115	55	60
0 to 17 years	65	30	30	15	5	10	40	25	20
0 to 5 years	20	10	10	5	5	5	15	5	10
18 to 64 years	120	60	60	30	15	10	70	35	35
65 years and over	15	10	10	5	5	5	5	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.4	5.4	5.3	4.6	4.8	4.4	4.2	4.2	4.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.2	6.0	6.4	5.0	5.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0	8.0	10.0	8.0	x	x	8.0	8.0	8.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	5.0	5.0	4.4	4.5	4.0	3.8	3.6	4.0
65 years and over (%)	6.0	6.0	5.0	5.0	x	x	x	x	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	3,855	1,950	1,905	1,050	525	525	2,730	1,385	1,345
0 to 17 years	1,040	550	495	305	165	140	725	390	335
0 to 5 years	200	105	95	65	40	20	180	105	75
18 to 64 years	2,495	1,250	1,240	615	300	315	1,830	905	925
65 years and over	320	155	165	125	60	65	175	90	85
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	130	70	60	50	25	20	65	35	30
0 to 17 years	30	20	15	15	10	10	20	15	5
0 to 5 years	10	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	90	50	40	30	15	10	50	20	25
65 years and over	5	5	5	5	0	5	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.7	3.0	4.6	4.4	4.4	2.4	2.6	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	3.2	2.8	5.0	5.0	6.0	2.4	3.6	x
0 to 5 years (%)	4.0	x	x	8.0	x	x	4.0	6.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	3.7	3.9	3.4	4.4	4.5	4.0	2.6	2.4	3.0
65 years and over (%)	2.5	3.0	x	x	x	x	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	3,860	1,955	1,905	1,050	530	525	2,730	1,385	1,345
In bottom half of the distribution	1,500	750	745	245	115	125	890	445	445
In bottom decile	190	105	90	45	25	25	105	55	55
In second decile	270	135	140	35	10	20	105	50	50
In third decile	315	150	160	40	20	15	215	105	110
In fourth decile	360	185	170	80	35	45	230	115	115
In fifth decile	365	175	195	50	25	25	230	120	110
In top half of the distribution	2,360	1,200	1,155	805	410	390	1,840	940	900
In sixth decile	410	210	200	40	20	20	230	125	105
In seventh decile	450	230	220	95	50	45	260	125	140
In eighth decile	510	240	270	95	45	50	310	150	160
In ninth decile	575	300	280	120	65	55	420	220	200
In top decile	405	215	190	455	225	225	620	320	300
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	3,855	...	...	1,050	...	...	2,730	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.272	...	...	0.544	...	...	0.328	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.371	...	...	0.587	...	...	0.388	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.241	...	...	0.488	...	...	0.289	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	5.4	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	3,855	1,950	1,900	1,050	525	525	2,730	1,385	1,345
English only	3,470	1,795	1,675	940	490	450	2,460	1,270	1,190
French only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	135	50	80	85	30	60	190	85	105
Neither English nor French	255	110	145	25	5	15	80	30	50
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	3,855	1,950	1,900	1,050	525	525	2,730	1,385	1,345
English	3,565	1,835	1,730	1,005	510	495	2,565	1,320	1,245
French	20	10	20	15	5	10	55	20	35
English and French	20	10	10	5	0	5	20	15	15
Neither English nor French	255	110	145	25	5	15	80	30	50
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	3,855	1,950	1,900	1,050	525	525	2,730	1,385	1,345
Single responses	3,540	1,785	1,755	995	505	495	2,575	1,310	1,260
Official languages	1,620	865	755	670	350	320	1,465	765	700
English	1,595	855	745	650	345	305	1,420	745	670
French	20	5	15	15	5	10	50	20	25
Non-official languages	1,920	925	995	335	155	175	1,110	550	560
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,915	925	995	335	155	175	1,110	550	560
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	35	15	15	5	40	20	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	35	35	15	15	5	40	20	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Arabic	65	30	30	15	10	5	35	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	60	60	10	5	5	15	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Vietnamese	110	60	60	10	5	5	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	190	85	110	15	0	10	120	60	65
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	5
Indonesian	10	5	5	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	165	70	95	5	0	5	105	50	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	0	0	0	30	10	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	5	10	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tamil	10	5	5	0	0	0	5	0	0
Telugu	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	635	305	330	155	70	85	525	260	265
Albanian	10	5	10	0	0	0	15	5	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	20	15	30	15	20	85	40	50
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	20	15	30	15	20	85	40	50
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	5	0	0	0	30	10	15
Russian	15	5	5	15	5	10	40	15	20
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	5	0	5	10	10	5
Bosnian	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Serbian	0	0	0	5	5	5	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	10	5	0	15	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	10	5	5
German	0	0	0	10	5	0	10	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	5	5	0	10	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dutch	5	0	0	5	5	0	5	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	475	230	250	65	35	35	225	115	115
Indo-Aryan languages	425	205	225	35	20	20	215	110	105
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	10	10	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Gujarati	10	0	5	5	0	0	40	20	20
Hindi	25	15	10	0	5	0	30	20	15
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Nepali	10	5	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235	110	125	20	10	10	45	25	20
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	120	50	65	5	0	0	60	25	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	50	30	25	30	15	15	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	50	25	20	30	15	15	10	5	5
Dari	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	30	15	15	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	45	55	30	10	20	175	85	85
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	5	10	5	5	0	5	5	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Romanian	0	0	0	5	0	5	25	15	10
Spanish	80	35	40	20	5	10	130	65	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	15	20	5	10	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	25	20	0	0	0	30	20	15
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	790	390	400	120	60	65	285	140	150
Chinese languages	790	390	400	120	60	65	285	140	150
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	275	135	140	90	45	45	230	110	125
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	495	245	255	30	15	15	45	25	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lao	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	320	165	150	55	25	25	155	70	85
English and French	10	0	10	0	0	0	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	280	150	125	45	20	20	120	55	65
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	15	10	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	3,855	1,950	1,900	1,050	525	525	2,730	1,385	1,345
English	1,715	910	805	675	355	320	1,440	765	675
French	0	0	0	5	5	5	20	10	5
Non-official language	685	310	365	95	40	50	320	155	165
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	685	310	365	95	40	50	320	155	165
English and French	25	10	20	10	5	10	35	15	25
English and non-official language(s)	1,360	680	675	250	120	125	865	420	440
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	10	0	10	25	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	65	40	30	5	0	0	25	10	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	3,855	1,950	1,900	1,050	525	525	2,730	1,385	1,345
Single responses	3,580	1,810	1,765	975	500	480	2,505	1,280	1,225
Official languages	2,285	1,190	1,090	785	400	385	1,810	945	870
English	2,285	1,195	1,090	780	405	375	1,780	925	855
French	5	5	0	5	5	5	30	15	15
Non-official languages	1,295	625	675	190	95	95	695	340	360
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,295	625	675	190	95	95	695	340	360
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	15	10	5	5	25	15	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	20	15	10	5	5	25	15	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Arabic	35	20	20	10	5	5	20	15	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	40	40	0	0	0	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	75	40	35	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	100	45	55	10	0	0	70	30	35
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	5	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	35	50	0	0	0	65	35	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	0	5	0	0	0	15	5	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	440	205	235	75	35	40	305	150	160
Albanian	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	5	25	10	10	40	20	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	5	25	10	10	40	20	20
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
Russian	0	0	0	15	5	10	20	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	365	170	195	35	15	20	150	70	75
Indo-Aryan languages	335	155	185	20	10	10	140	65	75
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Hindi	25	10	15	0	0	0	30	15	15
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185	80	100	20	5	10	30	15	15
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	105	50	60	0	0	0	30	10	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	15	10	15	5	10	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	30	15	10	15	5	10	10	5	5
Dari	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	15	5	10	10	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	30	35	20	5	10	110	55	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Spanish	60	25	30	15	5	10	90	40	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	15	15	5	10	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0	0	0	10	0	5
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	585	285	300	75	40	35	225	110	120
Chinese languages	585	285	300	75	40	35	225	110	120
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	210	100	110	65	35	30	185	85	100
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	360	180	180	5	5	5	40	20	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	280	140	140	75	30	40	220	105	120
English and French	10	0	10	10	5	5	10	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	265	135	130	65	30	40	205	100	110
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	3,855	1,950	1,905	1,050	530	525	2,730	1,385	1,345
None	2,635	1,345	1,290	840	420	415	1,960	1,010	950
English	465	230	235	85	45	35	305	150	155
French	20	5	15	10	5	5	25	5	15
Non-official language	590	300	295	100	45	50	330	165	170
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	590	300	295	100	45	50	330	165	170
English and French	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	80	35	40	5	0	0	55	25	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	65	35	30	10	5	0	45	20	25
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	3,805	1,910	1,895	905	420	480	2,820	1,385	1,435
Official languages	3,550	1,785	1,755	895	420	475	2,740	1,355	1,380
English	3,550	1,785	1,755	895	420	475	2,725	1,340	1,380
French	125	40	85	105	30	75	255	100	155
Non-official languages	2,490	1,175	1,315	430	190	235	1,380	660	720
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,490	1,175	1,315	430	190	235	1,380	660	720
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	30	40	20	10	10	45	35	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	25	40	20	10	10	45	35	20
Amharic	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	40	15	25	20	10	10	30	20	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	195	100	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	195	100	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	240	70	170	0	0	0	180	85	95
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	225	70	155	0	0	0	180	85	95
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	20	10	0	0	0	55	25	25
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	20	10	0	0	0	40	15	15
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	795	375	420	230	85	145	670	335	335
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	35	35	35	0	25	120	60	60
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	65	35	35	35	0	25	120	60	60
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	30	15	10	0	0	0	20	10	15
Russian	30	10	20	0	0	0	80	40	40
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	0	10	10	10	0	10	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	10	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
German	10	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	540	265	270	105	45	60	385	195	190
Indo-Aryan languages	475	245	230	75	35	45	380	195	190
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Gujarati	45	20	20	10	0	0	65	30	40
Hindi	110	65	50	25	15	15	285	135	150
Kacchi	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	260	145	115	20	10	10	170	85	85
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	145	70	80	0	0	0	95	45	45
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	75	30	50	25	15	15	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	75	25	50	25	15	15	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	185	75	105	85	25	60	155	75	85
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	10	20	0	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Spanish	165	70	95	60	20	45	130	65	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	15	0	0	0	15	10	10
Korean	35	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	60	40	20	0	0	0	85	50	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	35	25	15	0	0	0	15	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,115	555	560	175	90	75	285	115	170
Chinese languages	1,115	555	560	175	90	75	285	115	170
Hakka	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	520	250	270	130	75	55	255	100	155
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	15	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	740	360	380	45	20	25	65	30	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	20
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	3,800	1,910	1,900	905	425	485	2,825	1,390	1,435
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	35	35	0	0	0	0	65	45	25
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	35	35	0	0	0	0	60	45	15
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
Métis	35	35	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	3,765	1,870	1,900	895	415	475	2,760	1,345	1,415
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	3,800	1,910	1,900	905	425	485	2,825	1,390	1,435
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,800	1,905	1,900	895	415	475	2,800	1,375	1,425
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	1,060	...	...	275	...	...	860	...	...
Owner	940	...	...	270	...	...	770	...	...
Renter	115	...	...	10	...	...	85	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	1,060	...	...	275	...	...	860	...	...
Condominium	35	...	...	55	...	...	180	...	...
Not condominium	1,020	...	...	220	...	...	680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	1,060	...	...	275	...	...	860	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	10	...	...	0	...	...	15	...	...
2 bedrooms	50	...	...	0	...	...	65	...	...
3 bedrooms	545	...	...	105	...	...	440	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	455	...	...	170	...	...	340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	1,060	...	...	275	...	...	860	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	190	...	...	10	...	...	120	...	...
5 rooms	165	...	...	10	...	...	145	...	...
6 rooms	230	...	...	60	...	...	130	...	...
7 rooms	140	...	...	25	...	...	130	...	...
8 or more rooms	335	...	...	175	...	...	330	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	8.8	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	1,060	...	...	275	...	...	860	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,005	...	...	275	...	...	835	...	...
More than one person per room	55	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	1,060	...	...	275	...	...	860	...	...
Suitable	995	...	...	275	...	...	830	...	...
Not suitable	65	...	...	0	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	1,060	...	...	275	...	...	860	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	60	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	440	...	...	80	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	490	...	...	105	...	...	430	...	...
2011 to 2015	55	...	...	50	...	...	190	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	20	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	1,060	...	...	275	...	...	860	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,025	...	...	275	...	...	845	...	...
Major repairs needed	30	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	1,060	...	...	275	...	...	860	...	...
One-maintainer household	400	...	...	100	...	...	305	...	...
Two-maintainer household	545	...	...	170	...	...	500	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	110	...	...	0	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	1,060	...	...	275	...	...	860	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	110	...	...	0	...	...	100	...	...
35 to 44 years	265	...	...	60	...	...	230	...	...
45 to 54 years	380	...	...	95	...	...	250	...	...
55 to 64 years	170	...	...	60	...	...	210	...	...
65 to 74 years	110	...	...	25	...	...	50	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	20	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,060	...	...	270	...	...	860	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	855	...	...	215	...	...	595	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	205	...	...	60	...	...	260	...	...
30% to less than 100%	195	...	...	45	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	1,060	...	...	275	...	...	860	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	280	...	...	65	...	...	290	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	185	...	...	65	...	...	245	...	...
Not suitable only	50	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	780	...	...	215	...	...	570	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	1,045	...	...	255	...	...	840	...	...
In core need	45	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...
Not in core need	1,000	...	...	255	...	...	810	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	945	...	...	265	...	...	775	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	74.1	...	...	62.3	...	...	81.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.5	...	...	22.6	...	...	29.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.8	...	...	0.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,940	...	...	2,780	...	...	2,280	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,864	...	...	2,880	...	...	2,348	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	520,000	...	...	900,000	...	...	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	523,000	...	...	1,070,000	...	...	594,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	115	...	...	0	...	...	90	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.4	...	...	...	...	...	35.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,960	...	...	x	...	...	2,080	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,760	...	...	x	...	...	2,080	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	3,805	1,905	1,895	905	420	485	2,825	1,390	1,435
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	10	10	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	10	10	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	25	15	10	35	25	10	40	25	15
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	20	15	0	35	25	10	35	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	15	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	3,770	1,880	1,890	870	395	470	2,765	1,350	1,415
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	3,805	1,905	1,895	910	420	485	2,820	1,390	1,435
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	3,415	1,725	1,690	860	400	460	2,575	1,270	1,305
Canadian citizens aged under 18	980	505	475	270	125	150	730	360	370
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,435	1,215	1,220	585	280	310	1,845	915	935
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	390	185	205	50	25	25	250	120	130
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	3,805	1,905	1,895	910	420	485	2,820	1,390	1,435
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,830	980	855	615	300	315	1,575	785	790
Immigrants⁸¹	1,925	900	1,025	290	120	170	1,220	590	630
Before 1980	105	60	45	70	25	45	40	20	25
1980 to 1990	240	120	120	15	10	10	50	25	25
1991 to 2000	530	260	275	25	15	15	140	70	75
2001 to 2010	725	345	380	110	60	55	655	330	325
2011 to 2021⁸²	320	120	200	70	25	45	330	150	180
2011 to 2015	170	60	105	60	25	40	205	85	125
2016 to 2021	155	60	95	10	0	10	125	70	60
Non-permanent residents⁸³	45	30	15	0	0	0	25	10	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,925	900	1,025	290	125	170	1,220	590	630
Under 5 years	150	60	90	50	15	40	90	35	55
5 to 14 years	265	120	140	45	15	30	240	135	105
15 to 24 years	400	230	170	40	15	20	95	45	55
25 to 44 years	860	365	495	145	75	70	690	320	365
45 years and over	245	125	125	15	0	0	110	60	55
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,925	900	1,025	290	125	170	1,220	590	630
Americas	140	55	80	40	0	30	95	50	50
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	40	15	30	0	0	0	20	0	10
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	20	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	10	0	0	15	0	15	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	0	0	0	25	10	15
Europe	110	55	55	40	10	30	115	55	55
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	30	20	0	0	0	15	15	0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	155	80	80	25	15	10	175	90	90
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	90	50	40	0	0	0	50	25	20
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	15	10	0	0	85	45	45
Asia	1,525	705	820	195	90	105	825	400	430
Afghanistan	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
China⁹⁰	525	260	265	80	35	50	175	65	105
Hong Kong⁹¹	90	45	45	15	0	10	10	10	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	15	0	10	0	0	0	25	15	15
Philippines	230	80	145	0	0	0	195	85	110
Viet Nam	160	80	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	210	105	110	30	15	15	235	120	115
Pakistan	110	50	55	0	0	0	55	40	15
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	35	45	35	15	20	75	35	45
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	155	65	95	0	0	0	125	65	55
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	130	50	75	0	0	0	75	40	35
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	40	15	20	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	45	20	20	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	15	0	0	0	35	20	20
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	3,805	1,910	1,900	905	425	485	2,825	1,390	1,435
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,995	935	1,060	295	125	175	1,280	625	655
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,105	575	525	285	155	130	545	280	270
Third generation or more¹⁰²	705	395	315	325	145	185	1,000	490	510
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,820	840	980	225	100	125	1,180	570	605
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	880	405	475	165	75	90	870	435	435
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	380	220	160	55	55	0	355	250	105
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	500	190	315	110	20	85	515	185	330
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	625	260	360	35	10	25	190	65	125
Refugees¹⁰⁸	295	160	130	20	10	10	95	65	30
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	20	10	0	0	0	20	0	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,820	840	980	225	100	125	1,180	570	605
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	30	10	0	0	0	55	35	25
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	155	45	105	25	15	10	125	50	65
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	25	15	10	15	0	15	40	35	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	90	40	50	10	0	0	60	30	30
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,495	705	785	170	75	95	900	415	485
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	3,800	1,910	1,900	905	425	485	2,825	1,390	1,435
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,970	1,465	1,505	430	200	230	1,425	685	735
South Asian	580	315	255	105	45	60	425	215	210
Chinese	1,220	635	585	195	100	90	325	140	185
Black	245	125	115	20	0	20	210	115	105
Filipino	320	105	210	0	0	0	245	120	130
Arab	55	20	30	20	10	10	25	15	10
Latin American	100	40	60	25	0	15	80	35	50
Southeast Asian	175	100	80	0	0	0	35	15	20
West Asian	115	50	65	25	15	15	30	15	15
Korean	25	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	125	60	60	20	10	10	35	20	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	830	445	395	475	220	255	1,400	705	695
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	3,805	1,910	1,895	910	420	485	2,820	1,385	1,435
Canadian	210	130	85	95	35	55	260	135	125
English	230	130	100	120	70	55	360	190	175
Irish	150	70	75	45	15	30	245	95	155
Scottish	195	115	80	155	95	60	285	140	150
French, n.o.s.¹²²	85	45	40	75	30	40	130	60	70
German	185	100	85	90	45	45	320	145	175
Chinese	1,120	585	540	165	85	80	305	145	160
Italian	85	35	45	55	25	25	35	20	10
Indian (India)	325	200	125	65	25	40	265	135	130
Ukrainian	80	50	30	40	15	25	145	60	75
Dutch	35	20	15	0	0	0	40	20	15
Polish	80	50	30	40	0	30	70	25	45
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	80	30	45	10	10	0	50	20	30
Filipino	280	95	185	0	0	0	235	110	125
French Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	30	10
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10	10	0	0	0	0	20	15	0
Métis	25	20	0	40	25	15	25	15	10
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	25	10	15	0	0	0	75	40	40
Russian	25	10	20	20	10	15	75	40	35
Norwegian	10	0	15	0	0	0	20	0	20
Welsh	40	25	15	0	0	0	40	25	15
Portuguese	25	20	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
American	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Spanish	50	15	30	0	0	0	35	20	15
Swedish	60	30	25	0	0	0	35	20	15
Hungarian	55	25	25	0	0	0	60	40	20
Acadian	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	75	25	45	0	0	0	60	35	25
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	45	30	15	0	0	0	65	30	35
Jewish	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	45	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	235	125	110	0	0	0	20	0	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Jamaican	25	20	10	0	0	0	15	10	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	100	45	55	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	15	10	0	20	10	10
Lebanese	40	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	10	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Danish	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sikh	75	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austrian	20	10	10	0	0	0	15	0	15
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	35
Mexican	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	0	15	0	0	0	20	0	10
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	55	25	30	20	10	10	15	10	10
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	10	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Muslim	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	25	0	15	0	0	0	45	20	30
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	110	50	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	65	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	20	15	0	0	0	0	20	0	10
Yoruba	25	10	20	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	35	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	25	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	70	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	25	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	15
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	3,800	1,910	1,900	905	425	485	2,825	1,390	1,435
Buddhist	110	45	60	0	0	0	25	15	15
Christian	1,495	685	810	345	155	190	1,275	625	650
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	285	150	140	55	30	30	255	115	135
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	20	15	0	15	10	10	40	15	20
Baptist	70	35	35	15	0	10	0	0	0
Catholic	780	345	435	150	55	95	655	320	340
Christian Orthodox	10	10	0	0	0	0	85	40	45
Jehovah's Witness	15	10	10	0	0	0	15	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20
Lutheran	40	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	90	40	55	0	0	0	60	25	35
Presbyterian	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	10	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	30	0	25	20	10	10	50	40	20
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	145	65	80	35	15	25	50	25	30
Hindu	95	55	35	40	10	25	240	120	130
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	380	165	215	65	35	20	205	105	105
Sikh	220	125	90	40	10	25	45	30	20
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	75	45	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	1,435	775	660	410	200	210	1,015	495	520
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	3,765	1,885	1,880	905	415	485	2,790	1,365	1,430
Non-movers	3,455	1,715	1,740	845	395	450	2,525	1,240	1,290
Movers	310	170	140	60	25	30	265	125	135
Non-migrants	260	145	110	40	20	20	130	55	80
Migrants	55	25	25	0	0	0	130	70	60
Internal migrants	40	20	20	0	0	0	65	35	35
Intraprovincial migrants	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	15
Interprovincial migrants	20	10	10	0	0	0	45	25	20
External migrants	15	0	10	0	0	0	60	40	25
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	3,660	1,840	1,825	875	405	470	2,665	1,295	1,365
Non-movers	2,780	1,400	1,380	565	270	295	1,540	750	790
Movers	885	440	445	315	135	180	1,125	550	575
Non-migrants	585	305	280	220	100	125	850	400	445
Migrants	300	135	170	100	40	55	280	150	135
Internal migrants	210	100	110	60	30	35	170	90	80
Intraprovincial migrants	100	50	50	35	15	20	95	40	55
Interprovincial migrants	110	45	65	25	15	15	75	50	25
External migrants	95	35	55	35	15	25	110	55	50
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	3,060	1,525	1,540	705	320	375	2,135	1,050	1,080
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	625	310	315	80	30	50	225	115	110
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,435	1,215	1,225	620	295	330	1,905	935	970
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,090	1,025	1,060	460	210	250	1,630	775	860
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	230	110	120	0	0	0	120	55	65
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,860	920	945	455	210	245	1,515	720	795
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	3,060	1,520	1,540	700	325	375	2,135	1,050	1,080
No certificate, diploma or degree	620	310	315	85	30	50	205	110	105
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	790	420	360	140	50	90	440	235	200
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,650	785	865	475	240	235	1,480	710	775
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	605	265	340	130	60	65	495	220	275
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	95	70	30	15	10	0	130	100	30
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	55	35	20	0	0	0	65	45	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	40	35	0	10	0	0	65	60	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	425	165	260	85	40	45	295	85	200
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	85	30	50	30	10	20	70	25	45
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,045	525	520	345	185	170	990	490	505
Bachelor's degree	770	395	370	200	110	85	615	260	360
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	45	0	40	20	0	20	55	30	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	25	0	15	40	10	25
Master's degree	200	100	100	95	50	45	250	170	85
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	10	10	15	10	0	25	20	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,085	1,030	1,060	460	205	250	1,630	775	855
No certificate, diploma or degree	225	105	115	0	0	0	100	40	55
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	450	260	195	60	15	40	230	105	130
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,410	660	750	395	190	205	1,300	625	670
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	490	205	285	95	40	55	420	195	225
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	80	50	30	15	10	0	110	95	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	45	25	20	0	0	0	50	35	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	30	25	10	15	0	0	55	55	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	345	130	220	60	20	35	250	75	175
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	20	40	25	10	15	60	25	35
Bachelor's degree or higher	920	460	465	295	145	145	875	435	445
Bachelor's degree	665	340	325	150	80	70	540	220	320
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	35	10	30	15	0	15	50	30	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	20	10	20	30	0	25
Master's degree	190	90	100	85	55	35	225	155	70
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	10	10	15	10	0	25	20	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	3,060	1,520	1,535	700	325	380	2,130	1,055	1,085
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,410	735	675	225	85	145	650	345	305
Education	110	20	90	30	10	20	70	20	50
13. Education	110	20	90	30	10	20	70	20	50
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	40	35	0	10	0	0	15	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	30	25	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Humanities	40	25	25	20	0	20	10	10	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	10	15	10	0	10	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	145	60	90	55	25	30	175	40	140
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	10	10	0	10	25	10	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	20	0	20	0	0	0	35	0	35
22. Legal professions and studies	35	20	15	15	10	10	30	15	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	35	10	25	10	0	10	25	0	20
45. Social sciences	50	30	15	25	20	0	50	10	40
Business, management and public administration	425	185	230	100	60	40	335	125	205
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	20	0	20	0	0	0	25	10	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	405	185	215	100	60	40	305	115	190
Physical and life sciences and technologies	100	45	55	40	25	15	85	50	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	0	15	0	0	0	20	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	0	20	15	15	0	30	15	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	45	30	15	20	15	10	40	20	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	110	65	50	20	15	10	105	50	50
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	100	60	40	15	10	10	80	40	40
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	325	260	60	120	85	35	430	325	105
04. Architecture and related services	25	20	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
14. Engineering	180	140	35	80	60	25	270	195	70
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	50	30	25	25	15	10	80	45	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	50	50	0	0	0	0	30	30	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	25	25	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	15	0	10	0	0	0	25	10	20
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	0	10	0	0	0	25	10	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	245	40	210	70	10	55	185	45	140
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	225	25	200	65	10	55	170	35	135
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	85	40	45	15	0	10	45	35	15
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	40	15	25	10	0	0	35	20	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	2,090	1,025	1,060	455	210	245	1,630	775	855
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	675	365	310	65	20	45	335	150	185
Education	110	20	90	15	0	10	45	10	35
13. Education	110	20	90	15	0	10	45	10	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	30	30	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	20	20	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Humanities	25	10	15	10	0	10	10	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	0	15	10	0	10	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	140	60	80	45	20	25	140	35	115
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	10	0	0	0	20	10	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	25	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	35	20	15	10	10	0	25	10	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	35	10	25	10	0	10	25	0	20
45. Social sciences	50	30	20	15	10	0	45	10	35
Business, management and public administration	385	180	205	80	50	25	300	105	195
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	0	0	0	25	0	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	365	175	195	80	50	25	265	95	170
Physical and life sciences and technologies	90	35	55	30	20	15	75	45	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25	0	15	0	0	0	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	10	20	10	10	0	25	15	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	35	20	15	20	15	10	35	20	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	95	55	35	20	15	10	95	45	50
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	85	50	35	15	10	10	70	30	40
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	255	200	55	110	75	35	400	300	105
04. Architecture and related services	15	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
14. Engineering	150	120	30	80	55	25	250	185	65
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	45	25	25	20	15	10	75	40	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	40	40	0	0	0	0	25	25	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	15	0	10	0	0	0	25	0	15
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	0	10	0	0	0	25	0	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	195	30	160	70	0	55	150	40	115
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	15	10	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	175	20	160	65	0	50	145	35	110
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	80	40	40	10	0	10	45	40	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	35	15	20	0	0	0	25	20	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	2,090	1,025	1,060	455	210	245	1,630	775	855
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	675	365	310	65	20	45	335	150	185
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,410	660	750	390	190	200	1,295	630	670
Location of study inside Canada	930	450	480	255	115	140	735	370	360
Same as province or territory of residence	755	375	380	180	95	85	500	225	275
Different than province or territory of residence	175	80	100	75	25	45	230	145	80
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	485	210	270	140	75	65	565	255	310
Americas	40	20	20	35	20	15	95	50	40
United States of America	20	10	10	20	10	0	55	35	25
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	10	10
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	55	35	20	25	15	0	70	35	35
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	25	10	15	15	0	15	10	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	25	10	20	0	0	0	50	25	25
Nigeria	25	10	20	0	0	0	25	10	15
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Asia	355	145	210	75	35	40	335	135	195
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	100	40	55	45	20	25	65	25	40
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	110	40	70	0	0	0	110	40	65
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	70	30	40	15	10	0	110	50	60
Pakistan	30	15	15	0	0	0	20	0	10
Other locations of study in Asia	15	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	3,060	1,520	1,540	700	325	375	2,135	1,050	1,080
In the labour force	2,165	1,145	1,020	460	240	220	1,605	800	800
Employed	1,845	980	860	380	195	195	1,410	705	705
Unemployed	320	165	155	75	50	25	195	100	100
Not in the labour force	895	375	520	245	80	165	530	250	280
Participation rate	70.8	75.3	66.2	65.7	73.8	58.7	75.2	76.2	74.1
Employment rate	60.3	64.5	55.8	54.3	60.0	52.0	66.0	67.1	65.3
Unemployment rate	14.8	14.4	15.2	16.3	20.8	11.4	12.1	12.5	12.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	3,060	1,520	1,535	700	325	380	2,130	1,055	1,085
Did not work¹⁸⁶	1,050	450	600	285	105	180	605	310	300
Worked	2,010	1,070	945	415	220	195	1,525	745	785
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	1,025	615	410	205	120	95	835	425	405
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	985	450	535	210	100	110	690	315	375
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.3	40.7	37.7	39.3	38.8	40.0	41.8	42.1	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	2,160	1,145	1,015	460	245	215	1,605	805	805
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90	45	35	25	15	10	50	30	25
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	2,075	1,095	980	435	225	210	1,555	775	780
Employee	1,745	865	875	310	155	150	1,335	665	665
Permanent position	1,350	680	670	250	130	120	1,120	525	590
Temporary position	390	180	205	60	30	35	210	140	75
Fixed term (1 year or more)	165	80	85	0	0	0	100	65	30
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	230	100	125	55	30	25	115	70	40
Self-employed¹⁹²	330	230	100	125	70	55	225	110	115
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	2,160	1,145	1,015	460	245	215	1,605	805	805
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90	45	35	25	15	10	50	30	25
All occupations¹⁹¹	2,075	1,095	980	435	225	210	1,555	775	780
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	20	10	10	25	25	0	20	15	10
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	410	180	235	80	35	45	360	100	260
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	270	200	70	100	65	35	335	230	105
3 Health occupations	185	45	140	50	15	35	115	20	90
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	205	55	145	30	0	25	150	45	105
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	55	30	25	15	10	10	30	10	25
6 Sales and service occupations	560	255	310	105	55	55	345	175	170
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	255	230	25	10	10	0	130	125	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	25	25	0	0	0	0	30	20	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	85	60	25	10	10	0	40	40	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	2,160	1,145	1,015	460	245	215	1,605	805	805
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90	45	35	25	15	10	50	30	25
All industries¹⁹¹	2,075	1,095	980	435	225	210	1,555	775	780
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	105	55	45	55	40	10	120	75	45
22 Utilities	25	20	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
23 Construction	110	95	15	10	0	10	115	85	35
31-33 Manufacturing	125	90	30	0	0	0	65	55	15
41 Wholesale trade	35	30	10	30	15	10	50	30	20
44-45 Retail trade	175	80	100	45	30	20	165	95	75
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	130	95	35	10	10	0	50	40	10
51 Information and cultural industries	25	15	15	0	0	0	35	20	10
52 Finance and insurance	70	35	35	25	10	10	75	15	55
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	60	40	20	30	10	20	15	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	240	160	85	75	50	25	265	145	120
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	105	60	40	10	10	0	70	45	25
61 Educational services	145	55	90	25	0	25	80	20	55
62 Health care and social assistance	270	50	220	65	20	50	180	25	155
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	45	15	30	10	0	0	30	10	25
72 Accommodation and food services	200	105	100	20	10	10	100	55	45
81 Other services (except public administration)	135	65	70	15	0	10	25	10	15
91 Public administration	70	35	35	10	0	10	65	30	40
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	2,225	1,180	1,050	460	235	215	1,665	830	835
English	1,945	1,030	915	430	225	210	1,575	785	785
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-official language	110	60	55	0	0	0	20	10	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	110	60	55	0	0	0	20	10	10
English and French	10	0	10	0	0	0	45	20	25
English and non-official language(s)	130	70	55	20	15	0	15	0	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	2,225	1,180	1,050	460	235	215	1,665	830	835
Single responses	2,210	1,165	1,050	450	235	215	1,645	825	825
Official languages	2,045	1,085	965	445	230	210	1,625	810	815
English	2,040	1,085	955	445	230	210	1,610	805	805
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Non-official languages	160	75	85	0	0	0	20	10	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	160	75	85	0	0	0	20	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	15	10	0	0	0	10	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	55	55	0	0	0	15	10	0
Chinese languages	110	55	55	0	0	0	15	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	50	0	0	0	10	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	15	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	2,225	1,180	1,050	460	235	215	1,665	830	835
None	2,070	1,095	975	440	230	210	1,620	815	805
English	35	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Non-official language	110	75	35	15	10	0	15	0	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	110	75	35	15	10	0	15	0	15
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	1,845	985	860	385	195	190	1,410	705	705
Worked at home	575	275	300	190	95	95	510	235	270
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
No fixed workplace address	220	175	50	20	20	0	145	100	40
Usual place of work	1,045	530	515	170	75	100	735	345	380
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	1,045	530	515	175	75	100	730	345	385
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	940	475	465	165	70	100	650	295	355
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	70	40	35	0	0	0	50	35	15
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20	0	15	0	0	0	20	15	0
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	1,265	700	560	195	95	100	880	450	425
Car, truck or van	1,075	615	460	170	90	85	770	405	365
Car, truck or van - as a driver	960	580	375	150	80	65	710	385	325
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	120	30	85	25	0	15	55	15	40
Public transit	105	45	55	0	0	0	75	25	45
Walked	50	25	25	0	0	0	25	15	15
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other method	30	10	20	0	0	0	15	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	1,265	700	560	195	95	100	880	450	425
Less than 15 minutes	230	100	130	50	10	45	105	40	75
15 to 29 minutes	620	340	280	95	50	40	365	160	205
30 to 44 minutes	305	195	110	40	30	10	245	165	80
45 to 59 minutes	60	40	25	0	0	0	95	65	35
60 minutes and over	50	25	20	0	0	0	60	25	35
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	1,265	700	560	195	95	100	880	450	425
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	85	75	10	0	0	0	50	40	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	180	95	85	35	20	10	105	65	40
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	305	170	135	60	30	30	295	140	150
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	195	100	100	35	20	20	190	85	100
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	265	160	105	35	15	20	105	50	60
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	225	95	125	30	10	20	140	70	70
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,075	565	505	315	170	145	740	400	340
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	70	35	40	30	10	15	45	25	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,005	530	475	285	160	125	690	370	320
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	895	470	420	260	130	125	580	305	275
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60	30	30	20	5	15	30	15	15
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	25	15	20	20	5	15	15	10	15
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	30	15	15	0	0	0	15	10	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	830	440	390	240	125	110	545	290	260

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...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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