Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48062275More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48060450More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48060624More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	653	...	...	412	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	472	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	210	...	...	211	...	...	638,160	...	...	373	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	206	...	...	178	...	...	604,628	...	...	331	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,161.9	...	...	3,444.8	...	...	126.1	...	...	8,973.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.16	...	...	0.12	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	0.05	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	655	330	325	410	205	205	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	475	240	230
0 to 14 years	145	80	65	30	10	20	294,075	151,285	142,785	15	5	10
0 to 4 years	30	15	15	10	0	5	89,790	46,155	43,630	10	5	5
5 to 9 years	45	20	20	10	5	10	100,905	51,680	49,225	0	0	0
10 to 14 years	70	40	25	10	0	5	103,380	53,450	49,930	0	0	0
15 to 64 years	450	215	235	330	175	155	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	420	215	210
15 to 19 years	60	25	40	20	10	10	92,025	47,355	44,675	5	5	5
20 to 24 years	30	15	15	105	65	45	91,515	47,260	44,260	40	15	25
25 to 29 years	15	10	10	55	30	20	101,235	50,320	50,915	75	40	35
30 to 34 years	30	15	15	25	20	10	123,235	60,255	62,980	110	50	60
35 to 39 years	25	10	10	20	5	10	132,045	64,950	67,095	45	20	20
40 to 44 years	55	20	35	20	10	15	121,735	60,110	61,625	35	15	15
45 to 49 years	85	40	45	20	10	15	111,345	55,485	55,860	25	15	10
50 to 54 years	50	25	20	15	5	10	103,325	51,835	51,490	30	15	10
55 to 59 years	50	25	30	25	15	10	101,580	50,260	51,320	25	15	10
60 to 64 years	50	25	25	25	10	15	96,735	47,710	49,020	30	20	5
65 years and over	60	30	30	50	20	30	221,795	103,495	118,300	40	25	10
65 to 69 years	25	15	15	20	10	15	78,095	38,250	39,845	25	10	10
70 to 74 years	20	10	10	10	5	0	58,785	28,310	30,475	15	10	0
75 to 79 years	10	5	0	10	5	5	36,570	17,235	19,340	0	0	0
80 to 84 years	5	0	0	5	0	5	23,750	10,405	13,350	0	0	0
85 years and over	5	0	5	5	5	5	24,595	9,300	15,290	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	5	5	0	15,285	6,230	9,050	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.1	24.2	20.0	7.3	4.9	9.8	18.5	19.1	17.8	3.2	2.1	4.3
15 to 64 years	68.7	65.2	72.3	80.5	85.4	75.6	67.6	67.8	67.4	88.4	89.6	91.3
65 years and over	9.2	9.1	9.2	12.2	9.8	14.6	13.9	13.1	14.8	8.4	10.4	4.3
85 years and over	0.8	0.0	1.5	1.2	2.4	2.4	1.5	1.2	1.9	1.1	0.0	2.2
Average age of the population	37.6	37.1	38.1	37.3	35.8	39.0	38.9	38.3	39.6	39.2	42.0	36.2
Median age of the population	42.8	42.4	43.2	29.8	28.0	34.0	38.4	38.0	39.2	34.4	37.2	32.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	205	...	...	180	...	...	604,630	...	...	330	...	...
Single-detached house	205	...	...	50	...	...	351,925	...	...	20	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	15	...	...	39,065	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	10	...	...	57,180	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	0	...	...	21,855	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	100	...	...	89,225	...	...	170	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	115	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	205	...	...	180	...	...	604,630	...	...	330	...	...
1 person	15	...	...	60	...	...	151,770	...	...	225	...	...
2 persons	60	...	...	65	...	...	196,980	...	...	75	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	15	...	...	96,165	...	...	20	...	...
4 persons	55	...	...	25	...	...	97,780	...	...	5	...	...
5 or more persons	35	...	...	15	...	...	61,930	...	...	0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	650	330	325	415	205	205	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	470	240	230
Average household size	3.2	...	...	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...	1.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	510	245	260	380	195	185	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	460	235	220
Married or living common-law	360	175	180	160	85	80	773,480	387,015	386,465	155	80	75
Married	335	165	170	120	60	55	657,160	328,650	328,510	75	40	40
Living common-law	25	15	15	45	20	20	116,320	58,365	57,960	75	40	35
Living common law - Never married	15	10	10	40	20	15	87,265	43,935	43,330	70	35	35
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	0	5	0	0	23,185	11,490	11,690	5	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	155	65	85	220	115	110	523,090	252,020	271,065	305	155	150
Not married and not living common law - Never married	120	60	65	190	100	90	364,145	197,890	166,255	240	125	120
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	5	5	5	0	0	29,375	12,665	16,710	10	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	10	0	5	15	5	10	79,920	30,945	48,970	50	25	25
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	0	10	5	5	5	49,640	10,520	39,125	5	0	0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	195	...	...	85	...	...	438,900	...	...	85	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	55	...	...	204,395	...	...	70	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	15	...	...	94,815	...	...	15	...	...
4 persons	60	...	...	10	...	...	97,660	...	...	5	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	5	...	...	42,025	...	...	0	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	190	...	...	85	...	...	438,900	...	...	85	...	...
Total couple families	180	...	...	80	...	...	377,050	...	...	75	...	...
Married couples	170	...	...	60	...	...	318,890	...	...	35	...	...
With children⁶	105	...	...	25	...	...	190,345	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	60	...	...	30	...	...	128,545	...	...	25	...	...
Common-law couples	10	...	...	20	...	...	58,160	...	...	40	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	5	...	...	19,165	...	...	0	...	...
Without children	5	...	...	15	...	...	38,995	...	...	35	...	...
Total one-parent families	15	...	...	5	...	...	61,850	...	...	10	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	15	...	...	5	...	...	47,785	...	...	10	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	0	...	...	14,065	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	650	325	325	415	205	205	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	470	240	230
Total - Persons in census families	615	310	305	225	110	115	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	195	95	100
Married spouses or common-law partners	355	175	175	160	80	75	754,090	377,085	377,010	150	80	75
Parents in one-parent families	15	0	10	10	0	5	61,855	14,065	47,790	10	0	5
Children⁶	245	130	115	60	25	35	492,710	260,395	232,315	30	15	20
In a two-parent family	220	115	105	50	15	35	396,580	208,580	188,000	15	10	10
In a one-parent family	25	15	10	10	10	0	96,130	51,815	44,315	10	5	5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	35	15	25	190	100	95	263,280	130,670	132,615	280	150	130
Living alone	20	10	10	55	35	25	151,765	71,605	80,165	225	125	105
Living with other relatives⁷	10	5	5	20	0	15	40,060	17,085	22,975	5	0	5
Living with non-relatives only	10	0	5	115	65	50	71,460	41,975	29,480	45	25	20
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	205	...	...	175	...	...	604,630	...	...	330	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	165	...	...	65	...	...	375,185	...	...	80	...	...
Couple-family households	155	...	...	60	...	...	328,515	...	...	70	...	...
With children⁶	100	...	...	25	...	...	182,665	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	55	...	...	35	...	...	145,845	...	...	55	...	...
One-parent-family households	10	...	...	5	...	...	46,670	...	...	5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10	...	...	5	...	...	20,165	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5	...	...	5	...	...	4,730	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	5	...	...	22,485	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	40	...	...	30,295	...	...	15	...	...
One-person households	15	...	...	60	...	...	151,765	...	...	225	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	510	245	265	380	195	185	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	455	240	220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	480	235	245	365	185	180	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	445	235	215
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,800	73,500	43,200	30,200	29,800	31,000	44,800	52,400	39,200	42,800	42,800	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	480	235	245	365	185	180	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	450	235	215
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	62,400	38,800	29,200	28,600	29,800	40,400	46,000	36,000	38,400	38,800	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	445	220	225	345	170	170	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	405	200	200
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,600	77,500	36,000	25,200	28,200	25,000	40,800	50,000	32,400	40,400	42,800	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	375	185	190	290	155	135	922,195	474,800	447,395	380	195	185
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,400	84,000	40,000	18,800	17,200	19,800	42,400	50,800	34,800	41,200	42,800	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	400	205	200	325	165	150	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	400	210	190
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,320	1,110	6,000	6,240	5,720	7,100	7,600	5,600	9,100	7,400	8,000	6,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45	20	30	25	15	10	136,975	64,415	72,555	75	35	40
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,880	x	5,480	5,400	x	x	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,760	5,840	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	130	55	70	145	85	65	384,535	184,820	199,710	185	90	95
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,750	8,000	7,000	8,000	7,750	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	10,000	10,000	10,300
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	535	260	275	425	225	195	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	435	220	220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	510	250	260	415	220	195	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	435	220	215
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	84,000	117,000	52,800	45,600	40,400	51,600	65,500	78,400	52,850	68,000	81,000	54,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	510	250	260	415	220	195	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	435	220	215
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	66,400	88,000	45,200	38,200	34,400	42,400	53,050	61,750	44,560	53,600	61,600	46,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	470	235	235	395	200	195	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	400	200	200
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	84,000	115,000	51,600	39,600	36,000	43,200	62,300	76,300	48,160	64,400	78,000	50,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	380	175	195	335	170	170	922,200	475,075	447,125	380	195	185
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	85,200	131,000	44,400	34,200	32,400	36,400	60,800	73,200	47,640	65,200	76,500	53,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	440	225	215	375	200	185	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	385	190	195
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,760	6,750	8,800	8,400	7,900	8,900	10,020	8,930	11,050	9,160	9,700	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40	0	35	45	30	0	136,685	64,550	72,135	70	30	40
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	...	9,000	4,600	4,000	...	7,070	6,620	7,480	6,000	6,400	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	125	35	90	210	130	85	383,100	184,610	198,485	180	90	90
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	8,500	8,000	8,500	8,000	9,200	9,270	9,160	9,380	10,100	10,400	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	535	260	275	425	220	200	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	440	220	220
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	200	125	75	90	60	30	432,255	245,295	186,965	150	65	85
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	102,000	124,000	65,500	59,600	56,400	63,600	73,000	80,000	65,000	70,500	96,000	66,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	128,000	156,000	84,000	78,000	78,000	80,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	114,000	165,000	73,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	120	40	80	205	90	115	374,345	173,060	201,290	205	100	100
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	41,600	15,900	14,800	4,680	17,800	20,400	23,400	18,400	19,000	19,600	18,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	50,000	96,000	26,400	21,000	10,000	29,200	33,960	40,480	28,360	33,200	32,000	34,500
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	92.0	94.0	86.0	83.0	82.0	84.0	86.6	90.2	81.4	88.0	90.0	86.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	75.5	80.0	64.0	61.6	62.0	61.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	85.0	86.0	84.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	8.0	5.2	13.8	16.8	17.6	16.0	13.4	9.8	18.5	12.0	10.8	14.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	x	2.0	1.1	1.6	x	1.2	0.9	1.7	1.5	1.2	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.6	1.1	5.9	10.0	12.0	8.4	5.0	3.9	6.5	6.8	5.8	8.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.4	1.0	5.2	9.4	11.6	7.6	4.5	3.6	5.7	6.3	5.4	7.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	510	245	260	380	195	185	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	460	235	220
Without total income	30	10	15	20	10	10	63,430	30,900	32,525	10	0	10
With total income	485	235	250	360	185	175	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	450	235	215
Under $10,000 (including loss)	75	25	50	35	25	15	107,500	44,415	63,085	20	15	5
$10,000 to $19,999	45	20	25	55	25	30	115,465	47,780	67,690	50	25	20
$20,000 to $29,999	40	15	25	85	40	40	178,230	78,800	99,430	75	30	40
$30,000 to $39,999	30	10	15	45	20	25	142,910	61,170	81,740	60	35	30
$40,000 to $49,999	35	15	20	15	5	10	122,655	55,960	66,690	65	35	25
$50,000 to $59,999	30	5	25	25	10	15	101,530	48,280	53,245	40	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	30	10	15	15	5	5	85,080	42,725	42,355	40	20	20
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	15	15	10	10	68,705	36,885	31,825	20	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	10	10	0	0	53,900	30,515	23,385	15	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	25	15	10	10	5	5	45,345	25,570	19,775	15	5	5
$100,000 and over	125	85	35	50	25	20	193,625	128,165	65,460	50	30	25
$100,000 to $149,999	60	40	20	20	10	10	113,250	69,295	43,955	30	10	15
$150,000 and over	65	50	15	30	20	10	80,375	58,870	21,505	20	15	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	510	245	260	380	195	185	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	460	235	220
Without after-tax income	30	10	15	20	10	10	62,710	30,505	32,210	5	0	5
With after-tax income	485	235	250	360	185	175	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	450	235	220
Under $10,000 (including loss)	75	25	50	40	25	20	112,205	46,185	66,020	20	15	10
$10,000 to $19,999	45	20	25	55	25	30	120,545	50,115	70,430	50	25	20
$20,000 to $29,999	45	15	30	90	50	40	201,940	89,680	112,255	95	45	50
$30,000 to $39,999	40	15	25	45	20	25	166,565	73,405	93,160	65	30	35
$40,000 to $49,999	40	15	30	30	15	15	143,135	67,430	75,705	70	40	35
$50,000 to $59,999	35	20	15	25	10	15	114,565	57,190	57,380	50	25	20
$60,000 to $69,999	35	15	20	10	10	5	87,375	47,045	40,330	30	15	10
$70,000 to $79,999	35	20	15	10	5	5	65,115	36,810	28,305	20	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	30	20	10	10	5	5	51,690	28,935	22,760	15	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	10	5	0	5	35,160	21,215	13,945	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	90	65	25	30	20	10	117,360	82,665	34,700	30	20	15
$100,000 to $124,999	25	20	10	0	0	0	48,950	32,240	16,710	10	0	5
$125,000 and over	65	45	20	25	15	10	68,410	50,430	17,985	20	15	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	510	245	260	380	195	185	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	460	235	220
Without employment income	135	60	70	90	40	50	356,175	156,380	199,795	80	45	35
With employment income	375	185	190	290	155	140	922,200	474,800	447,395	380	190	190
Under $5,000 (including loss)	60	25	35	70	40	25	116,020	54,130	61,895	40	20	20
$5,000 to $9,999	25	5	25	30	20	5	73,350	31,190	42,165	35	20	10
$10,000 to $19,999	30	15	10	55	25	30	101,970	44,705	57,260	50	20	30
$20,000 to $29,999	20	5	15	25	15	10	78,390	35,640	42,745	30	15	10
$30,000 to $39,999	20	10	15	15	5	10	73,695	34,455	39,235	30	15	15
$40,000 to $49,999	20	5	15	20	5	10	71,335	34,515	36,815	45	30	20
$50,000 to $59,999	20	10	15	20	10	15	67,050	32,805	34,245	25	15	15
$60,000 to $69,999	20	5	10	10	5	5	60,120	30,900	29,220	30	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	10	0	5	49,420	27,665	21,750	15	5	15
$80,000 to $89,999	25	10	10	5	5	0	40,555	23,400	17,160	15	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	5	5	0	0	37,010	20,630	16,375	15	10	5
$100,000 and over	105	80	30	30	20	10	153,280	104,755	48,525	45	25	25
$100,000 to $124,999	30	20	10	10	5	5	61,175	36,970	24,210	20	10	15
$125,000 and over	75	55	15	20	15	10	92,100	67,780	24,320	25	10	15
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	510	245	265	380	195	185	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	455	240	220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	465	225	235	350	175	175	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	440	225	210
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,600	79,000	42,400	28,200	28,000	28,800	44,400	53,200	37,600	39,600	36,800	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	465	225	235	350	175	175	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	440	225	215
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	67,000	38,800	26,200	25,600	26,600	40,000	46,400	34,400	35,600	32,800	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	430	220	220	330	165	165	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	390	195	195
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,400	80,000	39,600	27,800	28,600	27,400	43,600	52,800	35,600	41,600	40,800	44,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	375	190	185	290	145	140	923,490	475,205	448,285	365	180	185
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,400	86,000	40,000	20,200	21,000	18,200	44,800	53,600	37,600	41,200	40,800	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	355	180	175	300	155	145	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	385	200	185
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	960	890	2,540	890	890	890	1,190	960	3,040	970	1,010	890
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	35	10	20	5	0	0	85,480	38,765	46,720	30	15	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	x	7,450	x	...	...	6,450	5,680	7,200	5,440	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	535	260	275	425	225	195	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	435	220	220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	505	240	265	385	200	185	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	420	205	210
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	90,800	132,000	52,800	42,800	43,200	42,400	65,500	80,000	51,400	63,000	68,500	57,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	505	240	265	385	200	185	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	420	205	210
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,600	98,000	44,400	35,000	34,800	35,600	52,650	62,600	43,000	50,800	53,200	48,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	470	230	240	380	195	185	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	370	175	195
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	92,400	133,000	53,600	41,000	42,400	39,600	65,600	80,800	50,200	67,600	76,500	60,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	410	205	210	350	190	160	923,490	475,385	448,110	365	175	190
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	90,800	136,000	47,600	36,400	34,800	38,000	64,100	77,600	49,760	63,800	70,000	58,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	400	205	190	340	170	170	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	370	175	195
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,460	5,200	5,720	2,700	2,380	3,020	6,130	5,076	7,130	3,220	4,040	2,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30	0	20	0	0	0	84,820	38,275	46,545	0	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,500	...	12,000	...	...	...	8,200	7,120	9,080	...	...	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	535	260	275	425	220	200	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	440	220	220
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	190	115	75	90	60	30	428,265	243,165	185,105	150	65	85
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	95,000	138,000	66,000	52,000	51,200	52,400	70,500	78,500	62,000	59,200	66,000	59,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	139,000	176,000	80,000	67,000	68,000	64,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	92,000	116,000	71,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	130	45	85	200	85	110	353,070	163,500	189,570	185	90	95
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,000	44,800	19,800	14,900	10,000	17,600	28,800	33,200	25,600	29,600	28,400	30,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	61,000	112,000	32,500	26,800	15,800	36,000	43,720	53,050	35,720	44,800	43,000	47,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	95.0	96.0	92.0	94.0	96.0	94.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	95.0	96.0	96.0
Employment income (%)	81.0	86.0	72.0	76.5	75.0	78.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	89.0	88.0	92.0
Government transfers (%)	4.7	3.4	7.8	5.6	4.7	6.5	7.9	5.3	11.9	4.5	4.9	4.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	x	1.6	x	x	...	0.9	0.6	1.4	x	x	...
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	205	...	...	180	...	...	604,630	...	...	330	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	156,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	54,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	64,500	...	...	87,000	...	...	48,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15	...	...	60	...	...	151,765	...	...	225	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	31,600	...	...	50,400	...	...	44,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	31,600	...	...	44,000	...	...	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	190	...	...	120	...	...	452,860	...	...	105	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	220	...	...	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	325	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	196,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	131,600	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	106,600	...	...	71,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	65	...	...	151,830	...	...	240	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	72,000	...	...	67,800	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	56,000	...	...	55,250	...	...	53,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	205	...	...	125	...	...	452,795	...	...	85	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	198,000	...	...	114,000	...	...	152,800	...	...	152,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	157,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	122,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	210	...	...	180	...	...	604,630	...	...	335	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5	...	...	6,730	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,245	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,475	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	6,245	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	16,055	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	16,860	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	14,380	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	16,415	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	17,790	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	15	...	...	17,750	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	36,405	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	37,740	...	...	30	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	37,230	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	35,705	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	34,355	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	150	...	...	65	...	...	303,255	...	...	60	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	25	...	...	74,975	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	58,215	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	40	...	...	5	...	...	76,310	...	...	10	...	...
$200,000 and over	75	...	...	25	...	...	93,755	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	210	...	...	180	...	...	604,630	...	...	335	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5	...	...	7,625	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,380	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,615	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	6,745	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	17,335	...	...	25	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	19,015	...	...	30	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	16,770	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	19,345	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	21,320	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	21,155	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	44,695	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	45,520	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	44,095	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	42,705	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	38,715	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	135	...	...	50	...	...	251,600	...	...	45	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	78,970	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	5	...	...	56,565	...	...	5	...	...
$150,000 and over	85	...	...	30	...	...	116,060	...	...	30	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	185	...	...	85	...	...	431,155	...	...	90	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...	122,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.4	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	40	...	...	151,045	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	76,500	...	...	92,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	115	...	...	30	...	...	209,715	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	186,000	...	...	238,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,000	...	...	176,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10	...	...	5	...	...	56,700	...	...	10	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	75,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	68,500	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	25	10	10	175	95	75	223,225	113,580	109,645	270	145	125
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	73,000	x	x	24,600	24,400	25,400	44,400	46,000	43,200	42,800	43,200	42,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	63,200	x	x	24,000	23,200	24,000	40,000	40,800	38,800	38,000	38,800	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	210	...	...	90	...	...	431,010	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	198,000	...	...	124,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	157,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	112,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	55	...	...	151,205	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	130	...	...	25	...	...	209,670	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	236,000	...	...	180,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	184,000	...	...	150,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	56,445	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	...	...	...	90,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	...	...	...	78,200	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	0	0	0	215	135	85	223,320	113,715	109,605	270	145	125
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	x	x	...	36,400	34,500	39,500	60,050	61,950	58,050	66,500	78,000	53,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	x	x	...	31,000	29,200	34,000	49,640	50,640	48,560	52,400	59,000	45,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	655	330	330	410	205	210	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	475	240	230
0 to 17 years	180	95	90	35	15	20	349,785	179,925	169,860	20	5	10
0 to 5 years	40	20	20	10	5	5	109,785	56,290	53,495	15	5	10
18 to 64 years	410	205	205	320	170	150	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	415	210	205
65 years and over	60	30	30	50	20	30	209,135	99,390	109,740	40	25	10
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	25	10	10	65	35	30	134,160	64,550	69,610	90	50	35
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	5	5	5	35,370	18,260	17,110	5	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,490	5,880	5,610	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	15	5	5	50	30	20	78,110	37,880	40,225	75	40	30
65 years and over	5	0	5	5	0	5	20,680	8,400	12,270	15	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	3.6	3.0	4.5	15.2	16.0	15.0	8.5	8.3	8.8	18.8	21.0	16.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	x	x	x	x	x	10.1	10.2	10.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	2.5	3.0	16.0	18.0	14.0	7.7	7.5	7.9	17.5	20.0	15.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	10.0	x	16.0	9.9	8.5	11.2	28.0	30.0	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	650	325	325	415	205	205	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	470	240	230
0 to 17 years	185	90	90	40	15	25	349,790	179,930	169,855	20	5	10
0 to 5 years	40	25	20	15	5	10	109,785	56,290	53,500	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	410	205	205	325	170	150	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	415	210	205
65 years and over	65	30	30	55	25	35	209,130	99,390	109,740	35	25	15
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10	5	10	85	45	35	81,680	42,310	39,370	65	45	25
0 to 17 years	5	0	5	5	0	0	18,085	9,305	8,780	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,890	2,730	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	10	5	5	80	50	30	57,155	29,990	27,170	55	40	20
65 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,440	3,015	3,420	10	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.0	1.6	3.0	20.8	24.0	17.0	5.2	5.4	5.0	13.6	17.5	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	5.2	5.2	5.2	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	2.0	2.0	2.5	24.0	28.0	20.0	5.6	6.0	5.3	14.0	18.0	10.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1	16.0	16.0	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	655	330	325	410	205	205	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	470	240	230
In bottom half of the distribution	135	65	65	240	130	110	673,690	328,825	344,865	285	145	140
In bottom decile	25	5	15	105	60	45	124,250	62,485	61,770	85	50	35
In second decile	15	10	5	45	20	20	132,700	62,320	70,380	65	25	35
In third decile	35	20	15	40	20	20	133,855	64,900	68,960	50	20	30
In fourth decile	30	15	20	15	10	10	138,980	68,120	70,855	55	35	25
In fifth decile	35	15	15	40	20	20	143,905	71,000	72,900	35	15	15
In top half of the distribution	515	260	260	170	80	95	898,245	453,385	444,865	190	95	95
In sixth decile	70	30	35	15	10	5	150,845	75,135	75,710	40	20	20
In seventh decile	75	35	40	20	10	10	155,985	78,075	77,910	30	20	15
In eighth decile	90	40	45	20	10	10	164,975	82,995	81,980	30	15	15
In ninth decile	95	50	45	35	15	20	181,315	91,520	89,795	30	15	10
In top decile	200	105	100	85	40	45	245,130	125,660	119,470	55	25	25
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	650	...	...	415	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	470	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	...	...	0.428	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.438	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.354	...	...	0.506	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.546	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.265	...	...	0.380	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.388	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	6.6	...	...	4.0	...	...	5.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	650	325	325	415	205	205	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	470	240	230
English only	595	300	295	370	185	185	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	420	215	205
French only	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	425	555	0	0	0
English and French	45	20	25	40	20	20	103,090	47,140	55,945	45	25	20
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	5	0	0	34,235	13,810	20,420	5	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	650	325	325	415	205	205	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	470	240	230
English	630	315	315	405	205	200	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	455	230	220
French	10	5	5	5	0	5	20,675	10,250	10,425	10	10	0
English and French	5	0	0	0	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	0	0	5	33,340	13,355	19,985	5	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	650	325	325	415	205	205	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	470	240	230
Single responses	635	315	320	390	195	190	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	460	235	225
Official languages	465	225	235	240	130	115	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	375	200	170
English	455	220	230	240	130	110	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	365	190	175
French	10	5	5	5	0	5	20,090	9,970	10,115	10	10	0
Non-official languages	175	85	85	145	65	75	415,050	198,790	216,260	85	35	50
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	270	380	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	85	85	145	65	75	414,405	198,525	215,885	85	35	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	35,495	18,255	17,240	15	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	5	5	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	32,085	16,545	15,535	15	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	5	0	0	0	21,355	11,215	10,145	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	14,785	6,645	8,140	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0	0	0	13,810	6,185	7,625	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	25	10	15	55,755	24,650	31,110	15	5	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	415	555	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	25	10	15	45,300	20,005	25,290	15	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	80	40	35	75	35	40	203,750	100,055	103,695	30	15	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	20	5	10	30,225	13,960	16,270	10	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	20	5	10	29,740	13,735	16,005	10	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	5	5	5	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5	10	5	10	7,595	3,540	4,050	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	5	5	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	435	460	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0	17,580	8,490	9,090	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	0	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	15	35	20	20	106,625	53,665	52,955	10	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	15	30	15	10	93,240	46,930	46,305	10	5	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10	5	5	4,455	2,230	2,230	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5	5	0	6,565	3,380	3,180	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	0	10	5	5	8,495	4,290	4,205	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	5	0	0	0	0	49,105	24,690	24,420	5	5	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5	5	5	0	17,875	8,975	8,905	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	13,350	6,720	6,630	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	10,100	5,080	5,020	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	10	0	5	5,705	2,875	2,830	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	10	15	10	10	45,970	22,265	23,700	15	5	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	5	5	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	10	5	5	32,170	15,475	16,695	15	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	0	5	0	5	10,745	4,940	5,800	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	25	30	25	10	15	68,720	31,925	36,790	15	10	10
Chinese languages	60	25	30	25	10	15	67,430	31,300	36,130	15	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	20	20	10	5	5	31,950	14,765	17,190	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	5	10	0	10	32,755	15,315	17,435	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	220	245	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	10	5	25	10	15	73,050	35,515	37,535	15	5	5
English and French	5	5	5	0	0	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	20	5	10	58,650	28,715	29,930	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,680	2,595	3,085	5	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	650	325	325	415	205	205	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	470	240	230
English	460	230	230	255	130	125	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	375	200	175
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390	0	0	0
Non-official language	40	25	20	30	15	20	127,600	60,835	66,760	20	10	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	40	25	20	30	15	20	127,540	60,810	66,730	20	5	10
English and French	5	0	5	5	5	0	14,755	6,925	7,835	10	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	135	65	65	115	50	60	306,635	148,985	157,650	55	25	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	5	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	5	0	5	12,395	5,820	6,575	5	0	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	650	325	325	415	205	205	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	470	240	230
Single responses	630	320	310	395	195	200	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	465	240	225
Official languages	535	265	270	320	165	155	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	415	220	195
English	535	265	270	320	165	155	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	415	215	195
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,230	3,560	3,665	0	0	0
Non-official languages	95	55	45	75	30	40	259,415	125,675	133,740	50	20	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	95	55	45	75	30	40	259,295	125,620	133,675	45	15	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,515	11,260	11,260	10	5	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	5	5	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,280	10,165	10,115	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,825	6,490	6,335	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	9,940	4,535	5,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0	0	0	9,395	4,280	5,110	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	25	10	15	35,275	16,595	18,675	10	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	5	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	20	10	10	29,630	13,885	15,750	10	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	15	10	45	15	20	122,940	60,715	62,220	10	5	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	5	5	5	14,005	6,710	7,295	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	5	5	5	5	13,790	6,605	7,190	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	5	5	5	3,015	1,450	1,560	0	0	0
Russian	5	5	0	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	375	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	470	515	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	5	25	10	15	79,180	39,590	39,590	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	10	5	5	70,335	35,225	35,110	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	5	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5	5	5	5,510	2,770	2,740	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,675	20,425	20,245	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5	0	0	0	12,930	6,420	6,510	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	8,825	4,360	4,475	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	6,765	3,325	3,435	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	10	0	5	3,970	1,965	2,015	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	25,440	12,340	13,100	5	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	10	5	5	19,825	9,605	10,215	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	5	5	5	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	15	5	5	5	47,945	22,570	25,375	10	5	10
Chinese languages	35	15	15	5	5	5	47,025	22,110	24,915	10	5	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	15	10	5	5	5	23,970	11,440	12,530	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0	0	0	21,815	10,130	11,685	10	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	5	15	20	10	5	75,555	36,865	38,685	5	0	5
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	15	20	10	5	69,995	34,230	35,770	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	650	330	325	415	205	205	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	470	240	230
None	530	265	260	300	150	150	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	405	215	195
English	45	25	20	35	15	25	104,745	51,660	53,085	15	10	5
French	0	0	0	5	5	0	11,450	5,290	6,160	10	5	0
Non-official language	60	30	35	55	25	30	127,610	60,685	66,920	30	10	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	60	30	35	55	25	30	126,970	60,410	66,565	30	10	20
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0	0	0	16,885	8,395	8,490	10	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	0	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	10	5	5	14,095	6,810	7,285	5	0	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	700	350	350	445	225	220	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	450	225	225
Official languages	690	345	345	445	225	220	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	450	225	225
English	690	345	345	445	225	220	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	450	225	225
French	65	25	35	65	25	40	103,915	47,090	56,830	55	40	25
Non-official languages	225	110	115	130	45	95	562,910	270,945	291,960	85	45	45
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	225	110	115	130	45	95	561,340	270,320	291,010	85	45	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,595	28,250	26,345	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,645	26,150	24,495	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,250	18,505	16,750	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,885	9,635	11,250	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,415	8,900	10,515	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	35	10	25	76,815	33,930	42,890	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	35	10	25	72,900	32,140	40,755	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	140	70	75	90	25	65	286,570	140,880	145,685	60	35	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	20	10	0	0	37,905	17,730	20,175	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	10	20	10	0	0	37,610	17,610	20,005	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	0	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	10	0	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	10	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	30	15	15	10	0	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	0	0	0
German	30	15	15	10	0	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	0	15	35	15	25	143,590	72,720	70,870	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	0	15	35	15	25	128,685	65,260	63,425	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0
Hindi	25	0	15	30	10	20	45,340	22,980	22,370	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,525	34,920	33,610	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,710	16,195	15,515	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	15	45	0	35	80,155	38,210	41,945	40	30	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	0	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	45	0	35	60,770	28,640	32,125	30	20	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	40	30	0	0	0	82,875	39,220	43,660	0	0	0
Chinese languages	65	40	30	0	0	0	81,080	38,330	42,750	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	30	20	0	0	0	46,460	21,635	24,825	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	10	0	0	0	42,910	20,105	22,800	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	705	345	355	440	225	215	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	455	225	225
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	20	10	15	10	0	0	53,700	25,250	28,450	30	15	15
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	10	0	0	51,520	24,220	27,300	20	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,470	10,235	12,230	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790	15	0	10
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	680	340	340	430	220	210	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	425	215	210
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	705	345	355	440	225	215	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	455	225	225
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,145	7,900	9,240	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	700	345	355	435	225	210	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	445	220	225
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	215	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	325	...	...
Owner	205	...	...	45	...	...	431,680	...	...	65	...	...
Renter	10	...	...	145	...	...	172,945	...	...	265	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	215	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	325	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	35	...	...	138,505	...	...	90	...	...
Not condominium	215	...	...	155	...	...	466,125	...	...	240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	215	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	325	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	50	...	...	63,480	...	...	220	...	...
2 bedrooms	10	...	...	55	...	...	132,670	...	...	65	...	...
3 bedrooms	100	...	...	25	...	...	208,570	...	...	20	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	105	...	...	65	...	...	196,735	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	215	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	325	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	25	...	...	85	...	...	168,320	...	...	270	...	...
5 rooms	0	...	...	30	...	...	92,700	...	...	15	...	...
6 rooms	45	...	...	15	...	...	85,005	...	...	15	...	...
7 rooms	35	...	...	30	...	...	74,790	...	...	10	...	...
8 or more rooms	110	...	...	35	...	...	183,815	...	...	15	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.7	...	...	5.4	...	...	6.3	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	215	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	325	...	...
One person or fewer per room	215	...	...	185	...	...	587,240	...	...	325	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	17,390	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	215	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	325	...	...
Suitable	215	...	...	185	...	...	576,220	...	...	315	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	0	...	...	28,410	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	215	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	325	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	25	...	...	48,925	...	...	95	...	...
1961 to 1980	0	...	...	125	...	...	146,775	...	...	130	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	15	...	...	67,920	...	...	50	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	10	...	...	93,515	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	135	...	...	10	...	...	63,060	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	55	...	...	0	...	...	64,550	...	...	15	...	...
2011 to 2015	10	...	...	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	215	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	325	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	210	...	...	175	...	...	578,295	...	...	315	...	...
Major repairs needed	10	...	...	15	...	...	26,340	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	215	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	325	...	...
One-maintainer household	40	...	...	95	...	...	286,505	...	...	260	...	...
Two-maintainer household	175	...	...	65	...	...	282,890	...	...	60	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	30	...	...	35,230	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	215	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	325	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	55	...	...	15,275	...	...	30	...	...
25 to 34 years	15	...	...	40	...	...	95,360	...	...	110	...	...
35 to 44 years	35	...	...	15	...	...	132,875	...	...	80	...	...
45 to 54 years	80	...	...	20	...	...	121,200	...	...	45	...	...
55 to 64 years	45	...	...	30	...	...	114,325	...	...	40	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	15	...	...	78,705	...	...	15	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	15	...	...	34,680	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	215	...	...	190	...	...	599,605	...	...	325	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	180	...	...	135	...	...	466,085	...	...	205	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	40	...	...	55	...	...	133,520	...	...	120	...	...
30% to less than 100%	25	...	...	50	...	...	119,800	...	...	105	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	215	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	325	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	75	...	...	174,520	...	...	130	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	30	...	...	55	...	...	121,340	...	...	110	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	0	...	...	22,225	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	15	...	...	17,480	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	180	...	...	115	...	...	430,110	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	210	...	...	180	...	...	585,885	...	...	310	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	25	...	...	55,440	...	...	85	...	...
Not in core need	210	...	...	160	...	...	530,445	...	...	230	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	205	...	...	45	...	...	429,490	...	...	65	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.1	...	...	0.0	...	...	65.7	...	...	84.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.1	...	...	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	23.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,000	...	...	870	...	...	1,740	...	...	2,080	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,860	...	...	1,480	...	...	1,792	...	...	2,500	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	755,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	584,000	...	...	780,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	760,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	145	...	...	172,840	...	...	260	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	...	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.5	...	...	9.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	37.9	...	...	34.5	...	...	38.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	...	...	...	18.5	...	...	20.2	...	...	34.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,160	...	...	1,350	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,180	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,070	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	700	350	355	440	225	220	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	450	225	225
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	10	0	10
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	10	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,230	22,330	24,905	10	0	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,875	21,725	24,145	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	700	350	355	430	220	215	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	430	225	210
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	700	350	350	445	220	220	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	450	230	225
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	635	315	320	310	140	170	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	400	195	210
Canadian citizens aged under 18	185	100	85	15	0	15	325,765	167,940	157,820	15	10	10
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	450	220	230	295	135	160	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	380	185	200
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	65	30	30	130	85	45	174,615	83,940	90,680	55	35	15
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	700	350	350	445	220	220	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	450	230	225
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	515	255	260	280	125	155	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	335	165	165
Immigrants⁸¹	185	95	95	85	40	50	473,580	227,640	245,935	85	35	50
Before 1980	50	25	20	0	0	0	56,750	27,435	29,320	10	0	10
1980 to 1990	25	15	15	0	0	0	44,975	21,950	23,020	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	15	10	10	10	0	10	67,220	32,280	34,935	25	15	15
2001 to 2010	30	15	20	25	10	20	127,170	61,140	66,030	30	15	10
2011 to 2021⁸²	65	35	30	45	25	20	177,465	84,835	92,630	25	10	15
2011 to 2015	10	0	10	0	0	0	89,810	43,015	46,795	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	55	30	20	40	25	15	87,650	41,815	45,835	15	0	10
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	75	55	20	28,410	14,945	13,470	30	20	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	190	95	95	85	40	50	473,580	227,640	245,935	85	35	45
Under 5 years	15	15	0	0	0	0	41,205	20,985	20,220	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	15	10	10	10	10	0	79,795	41,370	38,425	10	0	0
15 to 24 years	45	20	20	15	0	15	82,830	37,905	44,930	20	0	10
25 to 44 years	80	45	40	60	25	35	223,080	105,885	117,190	55	20	35
45 years and over	25	10	15	0	0	0	46,670	21,495	25,170	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	190	95	95	85	40	50	473,580	227,640	245,935	85	35	45
Americas	10	0	10	15	10	0	50,280	23,315	26,970	25	10	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	10	10	0
Europe	65	35	30	0	0	0	83,855	41,815	42,040	25	10	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0
Poland	10	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	0	0	0	27,675	14,575	13,095	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	10	0	0	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	0	0	0
Africa	15	0	10	0	0	0	55,355	27,975	27,385	20	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,410	9,205	9,210	0	0	0
Asia	95	45	45	70	25	45	279,930	132,545	147,390	25	10	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	55	30	25	0	0	0	36,925	16,915	20,015	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	30	10	25	71,315	31,605	39,715	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,350	7,325	9,030	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	20	10	10	61,580	30,730	30,850	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,425	9,810	9,615	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,735	10,640	12,090	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	50	30	20	40	20	20	87,650	41,815	45,830	15	0	10
Americas	0	0	0	10	10	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	40	25	15	30	10	20	55,100	25,850	29,250	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	40	25	15	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,870	7,455	7,420	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	20	10	10	17,470	7,940	9,535	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	705	350	350	445	225	215	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	450	225	225
First generation¹⁰⁰	200	100	100	170	95	80	518,345	251,010	267,335	130	70	65
Second generation¹⁰¹	165	85	80	60	25	35	329,675	166,505	163,165	100	35	65
Third generation or more¹⁰²	340	170	170	210	100	105	723,920	364,750	359,170	220	120	100
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	135	65	75	85	30	45	416,830	200,210	216,615	75	35	40
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	90	45	45	70	30	45	235,880	118,150	117,730	40	30	20
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	45	25	25	40	20	20	95,815	58,035	37,780	20	10	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	45	20	20	25	10	20	140,065	60,120	79,950	30	10	10
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	30	10	20	15	0	10	117,720	48,395	69,330	25	0	20
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	10	0	0	0	0	58,995	31,595	27,395	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	135	65	75	85	30	45	416,830	200,210	216,615	75	35	40
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,765	8,620	6,145	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	10	0	30	0	30	53,180	23,440	29,750	15	10	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	10	0	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	20	0	15	15	10	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	95	40	50	35	20	15	313,060	149,760	163,300	50	25	25
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	705	345	350	445	225	215	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	455	225	225
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	165	80	85	185	100	90	575,650	282,735	292,910	50	15	35
South Asian	50	25	25	85	65	20	154,385	78,430	75,955	0	0	0
Chinese	85	40	45	0	0	0	93,975	45,570	48,410	0	0	0
Black	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,470	38,665	37,800	10	10	0
Filipino	0	0	0	35	10	30	92,235	42,365	49,880	10	0	10
Arab	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	0	0	0
Latin American	0	0	0	40	10	25	35,155	16,925	18,235	10	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,720	13,405	15,310	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	15	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,840	10,195	10,645	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	535	265	270	255	125	130	996,285	499,530	496,755	395	210	190
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	700	350	350	445	220	220	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	450	230	225
Canadian	90	45	45	30	15	15	168,075	87,325	80,750	35	25	10
English	145	90	55	80	30	50	276,300	136,835	139,465	105	60	40
Irish	125	60	65	65	25	50	202,260	98,040	104,225	80	40	35
Scottish	105	70	35	65	25	35	235,385	115,820	119,575	70	30	40
French, n.o.s.¹²²	40	15	20	40	25	15	104,160	50,935	53,225	35	25	10
German	150	85	70	55	30	25	197,770	97,860	99,910	105	70	35
Chinese	75	35	40	0	0	0	99,705	48,045	51,650	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	0	10	10	0	44,840	22,330	22,510	20	15	10
Indian (India)	35	15	20	30	15	10	77,900	39,545	38,355	10	0	0
Ukrainian	15	0	10	30	20	10	89,615	43,675	45,940	35	10	30
Dutch	50	30	20	25	10	15	53,665	26,510	27,155	0	0	0
Polish	50	10	40	10	10	0	53,675	25,885	27,790	10	0	10
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	30	20	10	0	0	0	53,825	27,135	26,690	15	15	10
Filipino	0	0	0	35	10	30	86,850	40,140	46,710	0	0	0
French Canadian	15	10	0	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	40	25	15
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	15	0	15
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	25	0	20	28,815	14,565	14,250	25	10	15
Russian	0	0	0	15	15	0	36,090	16,840	19,255	0	0	0
Norwegian	25	15	15	15	0	0	44,865	21,320	23,545	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	0	15	27,905	13,365	14,540	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0
American	10	0	10	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	10	10	0
Swedish	55	30	30	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	10	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	15	0	10
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,085	10,145	9,940	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,750	10,685	12,065	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	10	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	0	0	0
Korean	25	10	15	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,225	6,465	6,765	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	10	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	15	0	10
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	40	25	15	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	705	345	355	440	225	215	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	455	225	225
Buddhist	0	0	0	20	15	0	22,425	9,955	12,470	0	0	0
Christian	330	165	165	155	45	110	713,465	336,705	376,760	110	55	50
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	95	50	40	20	0	15	153,665	73,675	79,985	15	10	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0
Anglican	10	10	0	0	0	0	35,625	16,415	19,210	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	0	0	0
Catholic	155	70	85	95	30	65	312,410	149,290	163,120	55	25	25
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	10	10	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	25	10	15	10	0	10	51,720	22,415	29,305	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	20	0	0	43,375	20,405	22,970	10	0	10
Hindu	30	15	15	30	15	15	35,335	18,180	17,155	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0
Muslim	10	0	10	40	35	0	101,285	51,675	49,610	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,230	28,325	27,905	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	10	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	330	165	165	200	110	90	623,560	328,795	294,765	325	160	165
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	700	350	350	440	220	220	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	440	220	220
Non-movers	670	330	340	300	140	160	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	300	145	160
Movers	30	20	10	140	85	60	209,550	104,275	105,275	135	80	60
Non-migrants	0	0	0	130	85	45	147,415	73,505	73,910	135	80	60
Migrants	30	20	10	10	0	10	62,135	30,765	31,365	0	0	0
Internal migrants	25	15	10	0	0	0	47,380	23,440	23,940	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	25	15	10	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	680	335	345	445	225	215	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	435	215	220
Non-movers	525	265	260	130	55	80	863,155	429,060	434,095	100	55	45
Movers	155	70	85	310	170	135	619,175	307,300	311,880	345	165	175
Non-migrants	95	40	55	130	65	65	363,260	181,560	181,700	255	130	125
Migrants	65	35	30	180	105	70	255,920	125,740	130,180	80	30	50
Internal migrants	50	25	25	105	45	55	177,420	87,415	90,005	50	10	40
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	50	30	25	112,590	55,855	56,735	35	0	30
Interprovincial migrants	45	20	25	55	20	35	64,830	31,560	33,270	15	0	15
External migrants	0	0	0	75	60	15	78,500	38,320	40,180	35	25	10
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	535	260	275	425	220	200	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	440	220	220
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	35	20	10	25	10	15	182,850	95,955	86,895	35	20	15
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	505	240	265	400	215	185	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	400	200	200
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	370	180	185	175	90	90	886,650	437,700	448,950	360	185	175
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,025	43,715	35,310	20	10	15
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	370	180	185	175	90	90	807,620	393,985	413,640	335	180	160
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	535	260	275	420	225	195	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	435	215	220
No certificate, diploma or degree	35	25	10	20	0	15	163,710	84,360	79,350	25	10	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	120	35	75	130	105	30	339,400	169,445	169,950	110	55	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	385	200	185	270	115	155	775,265	377,350	397,915	300	150	150
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	135	70	65	85	60	25	348,595	174,345	174,250	135	70	65
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	20	10	20	15	0	84,805	63,760	21,050	25	15	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,285	16,610	12,680	20	10	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	15	0	10	10	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	10	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	80	25	50	30	25	0	221,065	92,585	128,480	105	55	50
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	15	0	30	20	10	42,725	18,000	24,720	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	250	130	120	190	55	135	426,670	203,005	223,660	160	80	85
Bachelor's degree	175	100	85	135	30	105	294,610	137,240	157,375	125	60	65
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	15	0	15	22,475	10,080	12,390	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	0	0	0
Master's degree	55	25	30	25	15	10	86,005	42,875	43,130	20	10	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	10	0	10	10	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	365	180	185	180	90	90	886,650	437,700	448,950	355	190	170
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,625	36,450	30,175	20	10	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35	0	30	40	30	10	197,715	102,665	95,045	90	55	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	325	170	155	140	55	80	622,315	298,585	323,730	255	125	125
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	100	50	45	40	30	10	266,590	133,640	132,950	100	60	45
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	10	0	0	0	0	63,270	48,090	15,175	10	10	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,715	12,025	8,685	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	0	0	0	0	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	60	25	40	25	25	0	170,270	71,565	98,700	90	45	45
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	20	0	0	0	0	33,050	13,985	19,070	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	230	120	105	100	30	70	355,720	164,940	190,775	150	70	80
Bachelor's degree	165	85	75	65	10	60	244,340	111,530	132,810	115	50	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	0	0	0
Master's degree	50	20	35	20	10	10	74,335	35,965	38,370	20	10	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	10	0	10	10	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	535	260	275	420	225	200	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	435	215	220
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	150	60	90	155	110	45	503,110	253,805	249,305	135	70	65
Education	35	0	30	20	0	20	46,605	10,200	36,405	10	0	0
13. Education	35	0	30	20	0	20	46,605	10,200	36,405	10	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	15	15	0	15	23,385	9,460	13,925	35	20	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	15	15	0	15	20,825	7,530	13,295	30	20	20
Humanities	10	10	0	15	0	10	34,000	12,365	21,635	20	15	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10	0	10	7,415	1,915	5,495	15	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	4,095	7,460	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	15	15	55	20	35	83,860	28,790	55,065	55	15	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	20	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,515	5,275	10,245	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	10	0	30	0	25	30,700	14,865	15,830	15	10	0
Business, management and public administration	100	50	55	65	35	35	177,710	75,825	101,885	65	35	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	100	50	55	65	35	35	168,935	74,160	94,770	65	35	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	10	15	10	0	0	39,940	20,670	19,265	20	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	15	10	0	36,465	23,975	12,485	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	10	10	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	100	70	25	30	30	0	173,505	149,155	24,355	40	30	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	10	0	10
14. Engineering	50	35	20	0	0	0	66,620	53,075	13,545	15	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	25	15	10	20	20	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	15	15	0	28,060	27,225	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,210	21,530	675	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,885	11,515	375	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10	15,905	7,900	8,005	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	0	0	0
Health and related fields	40	10	30	35	10	25	111,080	22,865	88,215	30	0	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	10	0	10	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	0	30	20	0	25	98,680	16,900	81,780	25	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	20	0	0	0	0	32,595	16,030	16,565	35	20	20
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	10	0	0	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950	15	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	10	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	370	180	185	175	90	90	886,650	437,700	448,950	360	185	175
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	40	10	30	40	30	10	264,340	139,115	125,220	105	60	45
Education	25	0	25	10	0	10	33,450	6,965	26,475	10	0	0
13. Education	25	0	25	10	0	10	33,450	6,965	26,475	10	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	35	15	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	30	15	20
Humanities	10	10	0	15	0	10	26,945	9,460	17,490	15	0	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10	0	10	6,035	1,555	4,480	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	3,220	6,225	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	10	15	15	0	10	69,810	23,220	46,590	50	20	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	20	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	10	10	0	15	0	10	25,655	12,155	13,505	15	10	0
Business, management and public administration	100	50	50	35	15	20	145,930	61,450	84,480	45	30	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	100	50	50	35	15	20	138,835	60,195	78,640	45	30	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	10	0	0	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	20	10	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	10	10	0	31,330	20,720	10,615	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	10	10	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	70	50	25	15	15	0	138,260	116,630	21,630	30	20	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	10	0	10
14. Engineering	45	25	20	0	0	0	55,310	43,055	12,260	10	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	10	0	10	10	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	0	0	0	21,755	21,035	720	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,875	16,295	580	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,785	8,485	305	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0
Health and related fields	40	10	25	25	0	20	88,715	18,735	69,980	20	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	10	0	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	25	25	0	20	78,745	14,010	64,730	15	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	15	0	0	0	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	25	15	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	10	0	0	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	10	10	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	10	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	370	180	185	175	90	90	886,650	437,700	448,950	360	185	175
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40	10	30	40	30	10	264,340	139,115	125,220	105	60	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	330	175	155	140	60	80	622,310	298,585	323,730	250	130	125
Location of study inside Canada	275	145	130	85	40	45	455,590	220,680	234,910	205	100	100
Same as province or territory of residence	185	110	75	65	40	25	328,175	157,540	170,630	130	60	70
Different than province or territory of residence	90	35	55	15	0	15	127,410	63,135	64,275	75	40	35
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	55	25	25	60	20	35	166,725	77,905	88,820	55	30	20
Americas	10	0	0	20	15	0	28,670	14,305	14,360	15	0	10
United States of America	10	0	0	0	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040	15	0	10
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0
Europe	25	10	10	0	0	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	25	20	10
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	10	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0
Asia	25	15	15	35	0	30	91,990	39,695	52,295	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10	0	10	30,585	12,115	18,470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	15	0	10	25,005	11,780	13,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	535	260	275	420	225	195	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	435	215	220
In the labour force	370	180	185	320	180	145	882,705	463,170	419,540	365	190	175
Employed	345	175	175	270	140	130	776,015	408,675	367,335	260	145	115
Unemployed	20	0	20	50	35	15	106,695	54,490	52,205	105	45	60
Not in the labour force	165	80	85	100	45	55	395,665	167,985	227,680	70	30	45
Participation rate	69.2	69.2	67.3	76.2	80.0	74.4	69.0	73.4	64.8	83.9	88.4	79.5
Employment rate	64.5	67.3	63.6	64.3	62.2	66.7	60.7	64.8	56.8	59.8	67.4	52.3
Unemployment rate	5.4	0.0	10.8	15.6	19.4	10.3	12.1	11.8	12.4	28.8	23.7	34.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	535	260	270	420	225	200	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	435	215	220
Did not work¹⁸⁶	185	85	100	110	65	45	422,665	183,645	239,020	80	40	35
Worked	355	175	180	310	160	150	855,710	447,510	408,200	360	180	180
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	210	130	85	90	55	35	450,195	257,535	192,655	155	70	80
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	140	45	95	220	105	120	405,520	189,970	215,550	205	105	95
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	45.8	39.0	31.6	31.8	31.4	40.7	41.5	39.8	36.7	37.8	35.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	365	180	190	325	175	145	882,710	463,165	419,540	365	190	180
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	15	10	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	365	180	180	315	175	145	853,695	449,150	404,550	350	180	175
Employee	305	145	160	290	160	125	715,140	365,090	350,050	280	130	150
Permanent position	240	120	120	210	105	105	600,125	311,480	288,645	230	110	125
Temporary position	65	30	40	75	55	20	115,020	53,615	61,405	50	25	25
Fixed term (1 year or more)	40	10	30	35	20	15	37,760	16,790	20,970	10	10	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	30	15	10	45	35	0	77,260	36,820	40,435	40	15	25
Self-employed¹⁹²	60	35	25	30	15	15	138,550	84,060	54,500	70	50	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	365	180	190	325	175	145	882,710	463,165	419,540	365	190	180
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	15	10	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	365	180	180	315	175	145	853,695	449,150	404,550	350	180	175
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	0	0	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	90	25	70	35	25	15	161,170	53,245	107,930	65	30	30
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	70	45	25	20	15	10	94,565	72,340	22,225	35	25	10
3 Health occupations	20	0	15	25	0	25	69,305	13,810	55,490	0	0	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	65	20	35	35	25	10	92,850	30,655	62,195	20	0	15
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	0	10	10	0	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	30	10	25
6 Sales and service occupations	55	25	30	120	75	45	209,115	94,840	114,280	120	50	70
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	40	40	0	50	30	15	147,375	132,085	15,290	65	45	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	10	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	10	0	0	0	0	25,565	19,070	6,490	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	365	180	190	325	175	145	882,710	463,165	419,540	365	190	180
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	15	10	0
All industries¹⁹¹	365	180	180	315	175	145	853,695	449,150	404,550	350	180	175
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	25	0	0	0	0	39,750	26,465	13,290	20	10	10
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	0	0	0
23 Construction	25	15	0	25	20	0	75,665	63,720	11,945	20	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	15	10	0	41,545	30,255	11,295	10	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	35	15	15	90	55	35	96,885	46,555	50,330	45	20	20
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	30	25	10	10	10	0	56,135	40,670	15,470	30	15	10
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	20	10	10
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	10	0	0	30,760	13,930	16,825	10	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	10	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	70	40	35	15	15	0	96,185	55,190	40,995	50	25	30
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	10	0	10	37,790	21,285	16,510	0	0	0
61 Educational services	50	15	40	30	20	10	55,510	16,805	38,700	10	0	10
62 Health care and social assistance	30	15	20	45	10	35	107,190	20,475	86,720	10	0	10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	20	10	10
72 Accommodation and food services	25	0	15	35	20	15	49,900	22,440	27,460	60	25	30
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	10	0	10	37,065	16,090	20,975	20	10	15
91 Public administration	15	10	10	0	0	0	31,305	16,235	15,075	15	0	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	380	185	195	345	180	160	926,320	483,455	442,860	370	190	180
English	370	180	195	340	180	160	878,705	460,305	418,400	335	165	170
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	15	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,355	15,535	14,825	20	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	380	185	195	345	180	160	926,320	483,455	442,860	370	190	180
Single responses	380	185	195	345	180	160	919,325	479,835	439,490	370	190	180
Official languages	380	180	195	340	180	160	906,220	473,040	433,180	365	185	180
English	380	180	195	340	180	160	903,745	472,395	431,350	365	185	180
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,105	6,795	6,310	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,090	6,795	6,300	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,000	3,625	3,375	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,765	3,065	2,695	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	380	185	195	345	180	160	926,320	483,455	442,860	370	190	180
None	380	185	195	345	180	160	893,045	467,350	425,695	335	165	170
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	15	10	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,585	8,825	8,760	15	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,465	8,780	8,690	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	345	175	170	270	140	130	776,010	408,680	367,335	260	145	115
Worked at home	115	60	50	55	40	20	215,520	105,290	110,230	85	45	40
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	35	25	15	30	20	10	113,260	83,885	29,375	45	35	10
Usual place of work	190	80	105	180	80	100	444,410	217,405	227,005	130	70	60
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	185	80	105	185	80	100	444,410	217,405	227,005	125	70	60
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	165	75	95	160	70	90	361,065	170,000	191,065	125	65	60
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20	10	10	20	10	10	69,230	37,715	31,505	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	220	105	115	210	100	110	557,670	301,290	256,380	175	100	70
Car, truck or van	190	90	95	120	55	65	473,465	261,055	212,410	110	65	45
Car, truck or van - as a driver	180	90	90	120	55	65	441,645	249,990	191,655	100	60	40
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	10	0	0	0	31,820	11,060	20,755	10	0	0
Public transit	10	0	0	20	10	10	40,930	17,775	23,165	0	0	0
Walked	10	0	0	60	30	30	22,670	10,345	12,325	45	25	20
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	10	10	0
Other method	15	0	15	0	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	15	0	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	220	105	115	210	100	110	557,670	301,290	256,380	175	100	70
Less than 15 minutes	55	15	45	60	30	35	128,460	58,155	70,310	50	25	25
15 to 29 minutes	105	40	65	90	45	45	242,460	130,855	111,610	105	65	40
30 to 44 minutes	50	40	10	40	20	20	125,765	75,100	50,660	15	0	10
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,050	18,505	12,545	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	15	0	10	29,930	18,665	11,265	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	220	105	115	210	100	110	557,670	301,290	256,380	175	100	70
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	15	0	0	0	0	37,665	27,280	10,390	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	50	25	25	25	20	10	100,900	63,500	37,400	40	20	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	70	30	40	35	0	35	143,455	75,755	67,700	35	20	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	35	10	30	60	40	20	105,095	50,620	54,475	40	30	10
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20	10	10	30	15	15	79,595	35,415	44,180	25	10	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	30	20	10	50	25	30	90,950	48,715	42,230	30	15	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	190	95	90	40	15	25	356,225	183,250	172,980	15	10	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	5	0	5	25,335	12,890	12,445	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	180	90	90	40	15	20	330,890	170,360	160,535	15	10	15
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	150	75	75	30	10	20	259,535	133,590	125,945	10	5	5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	0	5	5	0	5	18,890	9,625	9,270	0	0	0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	0	5	0	5	9,575	4,670	4,910	0	0	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	0	0	0	9,315	4,955	4,360	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	140	70	75	25	10	15	240,640	123,965	116,675	10	5	5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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