Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48062126More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48061069More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48060208More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	580	...	...	926	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	832	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	318	...	...	288	...	...	638,160	...	...	359	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	284	...	...	273	...	...	604,628	...	...	352	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,692.6	...	...	6,210.6	...	...	126.1	...	...	836.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.12	...	...	0.15	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	1.00	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	580	300	280	925	450	475	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	830	400	435
0 to 14 years	85	45	45	250	120	130	294,075	151,285	142,785	125	65	60
0 to 4 years	45	25	15	75	35	40	89,790	46,155	43,630	30	15	15
5 to 9 years	25	10	20	80	40	45	100,905	51,680	49,225	45	25	20
10 to 14 years	15	5	5	90	45	45	103,380	53,450	49,930	50	25	25
15 to 64 years	445	235	215	590	290	305	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	480	225	260
15 to 19 years	30	15	15	80	45	40	92,025	47,355	44,675	35	20	20
20 to 24 years	35	20	15	55	25	30	91,515	47,260	44,260	50	25	25
25 to 29 years	75	35	35	50	25	25	101,235	50,320	50,915	25	5	15
30 to 34 years	80	45	35	55	30	25	123,235	60,255	62,980	25	10	15
35 to 39 years	60	25	35	65	25	40	132,045	64,950	67,095	40	15	25
40 to 44 years	45	25	20	70	25	45	121,735	60,110	61,625	60	30	30
45 to 49 years	30	20	10	80	40	35	111,345	55,485	55,860	50	25	25
50 to 54 years	30	15	15	50	25	20	103,325	51,835	51,490	45	25	20
55 to 59 years	35	15	25	40	20	25	101,580	50,260	51,320	85	35	50
60 to 64 years	30	20	10	50	30	25	96,735	47,710	49,020	65	25	40
65 years and over	45	20	25	85	50	40	221,795	103,495	118,300	225	110	115
65 to 69 years	15	5	10	45	20	20	78,095	38,250	39,845	85	45	45
70 to 74 years	15	10	10	20	15	10	58,785	28,310	30,475	60	25	35
75 to 79 years	5	0	0	15	10	10	36,570	17,235	19,340	45	25	20
80 to 84 years	0	5	0	5	0	5	23,750	10,405	13,350	20	5	15
85 years and over	0	0	0	5	0	0	24,595	9,300	15,290	15	15	5
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	5	0	0	15,285	6,230	9,050	15	10	5
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7	15.0	16.1	27.0	26.7	27.4	18.5	19.1	17.8	15.1	16.3	13.8
15 to 64 years	76.7	78.3	76.8	63.8	64.4	64.2	67.6	67.8	67.4	57.8	56.3	59.8
65 years and over	7.8	6.7	8.9	9.2	11.1	8.4	13.9	13.1	14.8	27.1	27.5	26.4
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	1.5	1.2	1.9	1.8	3.8	1.1
Average age of the population	35.8	35.8	35.8	33.8	34.3	33.3	38.9	38.3	39.6	46.5	45.9	47.1
Median age of the population	34.0	33.6	34.4	33.2	32.4	33.2	38.4	38.0	39.2	51.2	49.6	52.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	285	...	...	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	350	...	...
Single-detached house	75	...	...	145	...	...	351,925	...	...	260	...	...
Semi-detached house	15	...	...	35	...	...	39,065	...	...	10	...	...
Row house	40	...	...	45	...	...	57,180	...	...	80	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	15	...	...	35	...	...	21,855	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	90	...	...	15	...	...	89,225	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	45	...	...	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	285	...	...	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	350	...	...
1 person	105	...	...	35	...	...	151,770	...	...	90	...	...
2 persons	100	...	...	60	...	...	196,980	...	...	135	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	50	...	...	96,165	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	55	...	...	97,780	...	...	60	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	70	...	...	61,930	...	...	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	580	300	280	925	450	470	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	830	395	435
Average household size	2.0	...	...	3.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	495	255	240	680	335	345	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	710	335	375
Married or living common-law	260	135	125	350	170	175	773,480	387,015	386,465	455	230	230
Married	170	85	85	320	160	160	657,160	328,650	328,510	405	205	205
Living common-law	90	50	45	30	10	15	116,320	58,365	57,960	50	25	25
Living common law - Never married	75	40	35	25	10	15	87,265	43,935	43,330	30	15	15
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	15	10	10	5	0	5	23,185	11,490	11,690	20	10	10
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	230	115	110	330	160	170	523,090	252,020	271,065	250	105	145
Not married and not living common law - Never married	170	95	75	250	140	110	364,145	197,890	166,255	155	80	80
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	0	5	20	10	10	29,375	12,665	16,710	10	5	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	45	20	25	35	5	25	79,920	30,945	48,970	55	15	40
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	0	10	25	5	15	49,640	10,520	39,125	30	10	20
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	155	...	...	235	...	...	438,900	...	...	260	...	...
2 persons	90	...	...	70	...	...	204,395	...	...	145	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	55	...	...	94,815	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	60	...	...	97,660	...	...	55	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	50	...	...	42,025	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.5	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	155	...	...	235	...	...	438,900	...	...	255	...	...
Total couple families	130	...	...	170	...	...	377,050	...	...	230	...	...
Married couples	85	...	...	155	...	...	318,890	...	...	200	...	...
With children⁶	45	...	...	115	...	...	190,345	...	...	90	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	40	...	...	128,545	...	...	115	...	...
Common-law couples	45	...	...	15	...	...	58,160	...	...	20	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	10	...	...	19,165	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	5	...	...	38,995	...	...	10	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	65	...	...	61,850	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	55	...	...	47,785	...	...	20	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	10	...	...	14,065	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	580	300	280	925	455	470	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	830	395	435
Total - Persons in census families	420	210	210	825	390	430	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	705	350	360
Married spouses or common-law partners	260	130	125	340	170	170	754,090	377,085	377,010	450	225	225
Parents in one-parent families	30	5	20	65	10	55	61,855	14,065	47,790	30	5	25
Children⁶	130	70	65	420	215	200	492,710	260,395	232,315	220	115	105
In a two-parent family	95	50	45	275	135	140	396,580	208,580	188,000	175	95	85
In a one-parent family	40	20	15	140	75	65	96,130	51,815	44,315	40	20	25
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	155	85	70	105	60	45	263,280	130,670	132,615	125	50	75
Living alone	110	50	60	40	25	10	151,765	71,605	80,165	90	30	60
Living with other relatives⁷	20	15	5	25	15	15	40,060	17,085	22,975	10	5	0
Living with non-relatives only	30	20	10	35	25	15	71,460	41,975	29,480	25	15	15
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	285	...	...	270	...	...	604,630	...	...	350	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	150	...	...	185	...	...	375,185	...	...	235	...	...
Couple-family households	125	...	...	135	...	...	328,515	...	...	210	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	100	...	...	182,665	...	...	100	...	...
Without children	70	...	...	35	...	...	145,845	...	...	115	...	...
One-parent-family households	25	...	...	50	...	...	46,670	...	...	25	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	15	...	...	20,165	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	5	...	...	4,730	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	15	...	...	22,485	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	20	...	...	30,295	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	110	...	...	40	...	...	151,765	...	...	90	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	490	255	240	680	335	350	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	705	335	375
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	470	245	225	630	310	315	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	690	325	360
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	49,600	43,600	33,200	34,800	32,000	44,800	52,400	39,200	51,200	54,000	48,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	470	245	225	630	315	320	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	690	325	360
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	44,000	40,400	31,600	32,000	31,200	40,400	46,000	36,000	45,200	46,800	43,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	420	220	200	485	260	220	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	660	310	345
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	50,400	41,600	26,800	31,200	22,400	40,800	50,000	32,400	41,200	46,400	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	375	200	170	420	230	190	922,195	474,800	447,395	460	220	245
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	49,600	42,000	28,800	33,600	21,600	42,400	50,800	34,800	42,000	47,600	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	420	220	210	585	290	290	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	595	275	320
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,880	4,000	8,100	14,400	11,600	15,600	7,600	5,600	9,100	9,200	9,300	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65	30	35	90	50	40	136,975	64,415	72,555	40	10	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	4,840	6,500	5,760	5,760	5,480	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,120	x	5,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	170	90	80	275	135	140	384,535	184,820	199,710	155	70	80
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	10,800	12,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	515	285	230	660	330	325	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	730	350	385
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	495	280	215	635	315	315	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	710	335	370
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,200	85,000	58,400	39,200	41,600	36,800	65,500	78,400	52,850	63,000	69,600	56,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	495	280	215	640	315	320	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	710	335	370
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,800	68,000	49,200	35,000	36,000	33,600	53,050	61,750	44,560	51,400	55,800	47,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	425	245	175	520	290	230	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	670	320	350
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	74,000	87,000	56,000	31,700	34,400	28,400	62,300	76,300	48,160	55,700	62,000	49,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	360	220	145	470	260	210	922,200	475,075	447,125	470	235	235
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,200	67,500	54,000	32,200	34,800	28,800	60,800	73,200	47,640	56,600	65,500	48,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	450	250	200	580	280	290	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	620	290	330
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,520	8,300	13,300	14,450	11,400	17,400	10,020	8,930	11,050	11,720	12,500	11,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85	35	55	80	35	40	136,685	64,550	72,135	40	0	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,700	4,800	9,600	5,400	4,400	6,200	7,070	6,620	7,480	5,400	...	5,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	220	125	95	310	150	160	383,100	184,610	198,485	220	110	110
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	9,600	9,800	10,600	11,600	9,700	9,270	9,160	9,380	9,400	10,400	8,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	510	280	230	660	330	325	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	730	350	380
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	165	100	65	180	95	85	432,255	245,295	186,965	150	80	75
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	84,000	107,000	72,500	50,400	55,600	44,800	73,000	80,000	65,000	105,000	117,000	92,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	100,000	110,000	84,000	55,600	63,000	47,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	120,000	152,000	84,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	165	105	55	170	90	80	374,345	173,060	201,290	215	85	135
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800	29,200	28,000	13,000	5,360	17,600	20,400	23,400	18,400	25,200	28,200	25,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,400	34,500	34,000	18,800	16,400	22,000	33,960	40,480	28,360	36,400	37,000	36,500
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.0	92.0	79.0	66.5	76.0	56.0	86.6	90.2	81.4	83.6	85.0	83.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.0	62.0	62.0	61.2	69.0	52.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	59.2	65.0	53.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.1	8.8	21.2	33.6	24.4	44.0	13.4	9.8	18.5	16.4	15.4	17.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	0.7	4.0	1.7	1.2	2.2	1.2	0.9	1.7	0.5	x	0.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	5.3	8.0	14.8	14.2	15.4	5.0	3.9	6.5	5.0	5.1	4.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.8	5.0	7.4	13.2	13.2	13.4	4.5	3.6	5.7	4.6	4.8	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	495	255	240	680	335	345	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	710	335	375
Without total income	20	5	15	50	20	30	63,430	30,900	32,525	20	5	10
With total income	470	245	225	625	310	315	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	690	325	365
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	10	15	65	30	35	107,500	44,415	63,085	60	20	40
$10,000 to $19,999	45	30	20	80	45	40	115,465	47,780	67,690	55	30	25
$20,000 to $29,999	65	35	30	135	70	65	178,230	78,800	99,430	90	35	55
$30,000 to $39,999	60	25	35	90	35	55	142,910	61,170	81,740	80	35	40
$40,000 to $49,999	45	20	30	75	30	50	122,655	55,960	66,690	55	30	30
$50,000 to $59,999	40	15	20	70	30	35	101,530	48,280	53,245	55	25	30
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	10	35	20	15	85,080	42,725	42,355	50	25	30
$70,000 to $79,999	25	15	10	25	15	5	68,705	36,885	31,825	40	15	20
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	10	20	10	10	53,900	30,515	23,385	25	15	15
$90,000 to $99,999	20	10	10	10	10	0	45,345	25,570	19,775	25	15	10
$100,000 and over	75	55	25	25	15	5	193,625	128,165	65,460	155	85	70
$100,000 to $149,999	40	25	10	20	15	5	113,250	69,295	43,955	95	45	50
$150,000 and over	40	25	10	0	0	0	80,375	58,870	21,505	60	45	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	495	255	240	680	335	345	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	710	335	375
Without after-tax income	20	5	15	50	20	30	62,710	30,505	32,210	20	5	10
With after-tax income	470	245	225	630	310	315	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	690	325	365
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	15	20	65	30	35	112,205	46,185	66,020	70	25	45
$10,000 to $19,999	50	30	20	90	45	40	120,545	50,115	70,430	60	35	25
$20,000 to $29,999	85	45	40	140	70	75	201,940	89,680	112,255	100	40	60
$30,000 to $39,999	50	20	35	105	45	60	166,565	73,405	93,160	85	45	40
$40,000 to $49,999	65	25	35	85	35	50	143,135	67,430	75,705	70	30	40
$50,000 to $59,999	45	25	20	70	40	30	114,565	57,190	57,380	65	30	35
$60,000 to $69,999	30	10	15	30	20	10	87,375	47,045	40,330	50	25	30
$70,000 to $79,999	30	10	20	15	10	5	65,115	36,810	28,305	35	20	20
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	10	5	0	0	51,690	28,935	22,760	35	20	20
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	0	5	5	0	35,160	21,215	13,945	30	15	20
$100,000 and over	55	40	20	10	5	0	117,360	82,665	34,700	90	60	35
$100,000 to $124,999	20	20	5	10	5	0	48,950	32,240	16,710	45	20	20
$125,000 and over	30	20	10	0	0	0	68,410	50,430	17,985	50	35	15
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	495	255	240	680	335	345	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	710	335	375
Without employment income	120	50	70	255	100	155	356,175	156,380	199,795	245	110	135
With employment income	375	205	170	425	230	195	922,200	474,800	447,395	465	220	240
Under $5,000 (including loss)	30	10	25	65	40	25	116,020	54,130	61,895	85	35	50
$5,000 to $9,999	40	20	20	50	25	20	73,350	31,190	42,165	30	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	40	25	10	60	20	35	101,970	44,705	57,260	55	25	25
$20,000 to $29,999	35	20	15	45	20	25	78,390	35,640	42,745	25	10	15
$30,000 to $39,999	25	15	15	55	25	35	73,695	34,455	39,235	35	20	15
$40,000 to $49,999	20	10	10	35	15	20	71,335	34,515	36,815	20	10	10
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	20	40	30	10	67,050	32,805	34,245	30	10	25
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	10	25	20	10	60,120	30,900	29,220	25	10	15
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	10	10	10	0	49,420	27,665	21,750	15	5	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	5	20	10	5	40,555	23,400	17,160	10	5	10
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	10	5	5	0	37,010	20,630	16,375	25	5	15
$100,000 and over	70	50	20	15	5	5	153,280	104,755	48,525	110	65	45
$100,000 to $124,999	25	15	5	5	0	0	61,175	36,970	24,210	45	20	30
$125,000 and over	50	35	15	10	5	0	92,100	67,780	24,320	60	45	20
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	490	255	240	680	335	350	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	705	335	375
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	455	235	220	595	295	295	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	670	315	355
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	50,000	43,200	32,400	36,800	29,200	44,400	53,200	37,600	52,000	56,800	47,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	455	235	220	595	295	295	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	670	315	355
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	44,800	38,000	30,400	34,800	28,400	40,000	46,400	34,400	46,000	50,800	43,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	425	220	205	465	250	215	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	660	310	350
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	50,800	42,800	32,400	39,600	27,400	43,600	52,800	35,600	44,400	52,400	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	390	205	185	410	225	185	923,490	475,205	448,285	490	230	255
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400	52,400	42,000	34,000	40,400	29,400	44,800	53,600	37,600	45,600	54,400	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	385	200	185	550	275	275	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	565	270	290
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	960	860	1,040	3,520	1,340	9,000	1,190	960	3,040	2,520	1,020	5,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	25	15	10	45	25	20	85,480	38,765	46,720	30	10	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,280	x	x	5,200	4,840	9,400	6,450	5,680	7,200	6,650	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	515	285	230	660	330	325	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	730	350	385
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	480	265	215	615	300	315	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	695	325	370
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	71,600	83,000	57,200	36,600	40,800	32,800	65,500	80,000	51,400	62,100	71,200	54,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	480	265	215	615	300	315	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	695	325	370
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,400	66,500	48,400	32,800	35,200	30,400	52,650	62,600	43,000	50,400	55,400	46,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	450	260	190	490	255	230	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	675	315	360
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	71,600	82,000	57,200	36,400	42,400	29,800	65,600	80,800	50,200	57,000	66,500	48,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	410	230	180	435	230	200	923,490	475,385	448,110	490	230	260
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,000	64,500	52,000	36,800	44,000	28,800	64,100	77,600	49,760	59,400	71,500	48,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	415	225	190	565	285	285	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	570	245	320
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,880	3,360	6,650	8,440	4,720	12,100	6,130	5,076	7,130	8,320	9,400	7,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30	0	25	50	25	25	84,820	38,275	46,545	0	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,500	...	9,000	7,200	4,000	10,000	8,200	7,120	9,080	...	...	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	510	280	230	660	330	325	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	730	350	380
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	170	100	65	170	90	80	428,265	243,165	185,105	150	75	75
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000	86,000	77,500	48,000	59,200	40,000	70,500	78,500	62,000	102,000	113,000	86,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	95,000	104,000	80,000	56,000	68,000	42,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	116,000	152,000	80,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	170	105	70	145	75	70	353,070	163,500	189,570	205	75	130
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,400	30,800	34,000	20,600	17,400	20,800	28,800	33,200	25,600	25,400	24,800	25,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,600	39,500	44,000	25,200	24,000	26,000	43,720	53,050	35,720	50,000	66,000	41,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.0	96.0	90.0	79.0	90.0	66.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	89.2	90.0	88.0
Employment income (%)	71.5	69.0	76.0	71.5	84.0	57.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	67.0	72.0	62.0
Government transfers (%)	5.9	3.5	10.4	21.2	10.8	33.5	7.9	5.3	11.9	10.9	10.0	12.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	x	1.6	1.6	0.8	2.8	0.9	0.6	1.4	x	x	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	280	...	...	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	350	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	77,500	...	...	100,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	72,500	...	...	87,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	110	...	...	40	...	...	151,765	...	...	90	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	57,200	...	...	50,400	...	...	56,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	51,200	...	...	44,000	...	...	49,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	175	...	...	235	...	...	452,860	...	...	260	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	81,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	76,500	...	...	104,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	305	...	...	260	...	...	604,630	...	...	365	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	131,600	...	...	123,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	106,600	...	...	100,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	125	...	...	35	...	...	151,830	...	...	105	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	67,800	...	...	61,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	55,250	...	...	52,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	175	...	...	225	...	...	452,795	...	...	255	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	153,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	152,800	...	...	149,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	121,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	285	...	...	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	350	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	6,730	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,245	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,475	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	6,245	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	16,055	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	16,860	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	14,380	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	16,415	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	17,790	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	17,750	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	35	...	...	36,405	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	30	...	...	37,740	...	...	30	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	37,230	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	35,705	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	34,355	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	110	...	...	90	...	...	303,255	...	...	190	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	40	...	...	74,975	...	...	40	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	58,215	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	30	...	...	20	...	...	76,310	...	...	50	...	...
$200,000 and over	40	...	...	10	...	...	93,755	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	285	...	...	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	350	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	7,625	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,380	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,615	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	6,745	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	17,335	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	19,015	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	16,770	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	19,345	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	21,320	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	21,155	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	40	...	...	44,695	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	35	...	...	45,520	...	...	35	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	35	...	...	44,095	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	42,705	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	25	...	...	38,715	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	85	...	...	65	...	...	251,600	...	...	160	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	35	...	...	78,970	...	...	40	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	56,565	...	...	35	...	...
$150,000 and over	45	...	...	15	...	...	116,060	...	...	85	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	160	...	...	225	...	...	431,155	...	...	250	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	81,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	77,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	70	...	...	35	...	...	151,045	...	...	115	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	125	...	...	209,715	...	...	100	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	180,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	4.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	60	...	...	56,700	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	47,200	...	...	59,200	...	...	75,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	56,800	...	...	68,500	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	3.5	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	145	75	65	75	45	30	223,225	113,580	109,645	120	45	75
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,200	49,200	53,200	29,400	52,000	26,200	44,400	46,000	43,200	50,000	40,800	59,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	42,000	45,600	28,200	46,400	25,000	40,000	40,800	38,800	45,600	36,800	49,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	160	...	...	215	...	...	431,010	...	...	250	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	158,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	150,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	121,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	30	...	...	151,205	...	...	110	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	200,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	110	...	...	209,670	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	156,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	75	...	...	56,445	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	90,200	...	...	170,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	78,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	170	105	65	65	55	0	223,320	113,715	109,605	150	85	70
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	61,600	67,000	54,000	64,000	74,000	...	60,050	61,950	58,050	48,000	35,000	62,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,200	55,000	46,000	52,000	60,000	...	49,640	50,640	48,560	41,000	32,000	52,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	580	300	280	925	450	475	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	830	400	435
0 to 17 years	100	55	55	300	145	160	349,785	179,925	169,860	140	70	75
0 to 5 years	50	30	25	85	40	40	109,785	56,290	53,495	35	15	15
18 to 64 years	430	230	205	535	260	275	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	470	220	245
65 years and over	40	20	25	85	45	40	209,135	99,390	109,740	225	110	115
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	110	60	50	145	70	75	134,160	64,550	69,610	55	30	25
0 to 17 years	35	15	15	75	40	25	35,370	18,260	17,110	10	5	0
0 to 5 years	20	10	10	25	15	5	11,490	5,880	5,610	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	65	35	30	65	25	40	78,110	37,880	40,225	40	20	20
65 years and over	15	10	5	10	5	5	20,680	8,400	12,270	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	19.6	20.0	19.0	15.6	16.0	15.2	8.5	8.3	8.8	6.4	7.6	5.6
0 to 17 years (%)	34.0	32.0	36.0	24.0	31.0	18.0	10.1	10.2	10.1	4.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	40.0	30.0	45.0	28.0	40.0	20.0	10.5	10.5	10.5	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	15.2	16.0	14.0	12.0	9.0	14.8	7.7	7.5	7.9	8.8	9.5	8.0
65 years and over (%)	28.0	40.0	25.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	9.9	8.5	11.2	3.0	4.0	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	580	300	285	925	455	475	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	830	395	435
0 to 17 years	105	50	50	305	140	160	349,790	179,930	169,855	140	65	70
0 to 5 years	50	30	20	85	40	45	109,785	56,290	53,500	35	20	20
18 to 64 years	430	225	205	535	265	270	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	465	220	250
65 years and over	45	20	20	90	45	40	209,130	99,390	109,740	225	110	120
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	70	40	30	65	30	30	81,680	42,310	39,370	40	30	15
0 to 17 years	20	10	5	25	15	10	18,085	9,305	8,780	5	5	0
0 to 5 years	10	10	5	5	0	5	5,625	2,890	2,730	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	45	25	20	35	15	20	57,155	29,990	27,170	30	20	10
65 years and over	5	0	5	0	0	0	6,440	3,015	3,420	5	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.6	13.2	9.5	6.8	6.8	6.8	5.2	5.4	5.0	4.8	6.8	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	18.0	20.0	12.0	8.5	10.0	6.0	5.2	5.2	5.2	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	24.0	25.0	25.0	5.0	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	11.0	9.0	6.4	5.0	7.6	5.6	6.0	5.3	6.8	9.0	5.0
65 years and over (%)	12.0	x	x	x	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1	1.6	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	580	300	280	925	450	475	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	830	400	435
In bottom half of the distribution	305	155	145	665	310	355	673,690	328,825	344,865	275	125	150
In bottom decile	100	55	45	125	60	65	124,250	62,485	61,770	65	40	20
In second decile	75	35	35	210	100	110	132,700	62,320	70,380	35	10	25
In third decile	65	30	30	150	70	80	133,855	64,900	68,960	55	25	30
In fourth decile	40	20	20	80	35	45	138,980	68,120	70,855	65	30	40
In fifth decile	25	15	10	105	50	55	143,905	71,000	72,900	55	25	30
In top half of the distribution	280	145	135	260	140	120	898,245	453,385	444,865	560	270	285
In sixth decile	30	15	15	60	40	25	150,845	75,135	75,710	65	35	35
In seventh decile	45	25	25	75	35	35	155,985	78,075	77,910	75	30	45
In eighth decile	45	20	25	60	30	30	164,975	82,995	81,980	95	50	40
In ninth decile	65	30	30	40	15	20	181,315	91,520	89,795	140	70	70
In top decile	95	55	45	25	20	10	245,130	125,660	119,470	190	90	100
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	580	...	...	925	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	830	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.426	...	...	0.284	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.334	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.528	...	...	0.494	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.404	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.382	...	...	0.252	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.294	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	580	300	285	930	455	475	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	835	395	435
English only	515	270	245	845	410	430	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	755	360	395
French only	0	0	0	5	0	5	980	425	555	0	0	0
English and French	50	30	30	35	20	15	103,090	47,140	55,945	75	35	40
Neither English nor French	15	5	10	50	20	30	34,235	13,810	20,420	0	0	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	580	300	285	930	455	475	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	835	395	435
English	555	290	270	865	425	440	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	815	390	425
French	10	0	5	15	10	5	20,675	10,250	10,425	15	5	5
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	15	5	10	45	20	25	33,340	13,355	19,985	0	0	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	580	300	285	930	455	475	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	835	395	435
Single responses	560	290	275	845	420	425	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	805	390	420
Official languages	410	220	195	435	230	205	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	705	345	360
English	405	215	185	425	220	205	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	690	340	350
French	10	0	5	15	5	5	20,090	9,970	10,115	15	5	5
Non-official languages	150	75	75	410	190	220	415,050	198,790	216,260	105	45	60
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	270	380	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	150	75	75	410	190	220	414,405	198,525	215,885	105	45	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20	75	30	40	35,495	18,255	17,240	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	3,200	1,600	1,600	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	5	5	1,395	700	700	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	15	20	65	25	40	32,085	16,545	15,535	0	0	0
Amharic	10	0	5	5	0	5	4,515	2,170	2,345	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	0	40	15	20	21,355	11,215	10,145	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	5	10	20	5	10	4,965	2,545	2,420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	14,785	6,645	8,140	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0	0	0	13,810	6,185	7,625	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	5	10	30	10	20	55,755	24,650	31,110	10	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	415	555	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10	30	10	20	45,300	20,005	25,290	10	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	6,750	3,470	3,280	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	5	5	2,805	1,410	1,390	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	75	40	40	280	135	145	203,750	100,055	103,695	70	30	40
Albanian	10	5	5	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	5	0	0	0	30,225	13,960	16,270	25	15	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	5	5	0	0	0	29,740	13,735	16,005	25	15	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5	0	0	0	7,595	3,540	4,050	15	10	5
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	5	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0	0	0	895	435	460	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Serbian	5	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	5	0	5	17,580	8,490	9,090	30	5	25
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	25	5	20
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	25	5	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	180	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	5	0	5
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	10	245	120	125	106,625	53,665	52,955	10	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	15	10	200	100	100	93,240	46,930	46,305	10	5	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10	5	5	4,455	2,230	2,230	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,565	3,380	3,180	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	20	10	5	8,495	4,290	4,205	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	10	5	5	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	105	55	50	49,105	24,690	24,420	0	5	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	65	30	35	17,875	8,975	8,905	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	5	5	40	25	25	13,350	6,720	6,630	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	5	5	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	15	10	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	10,100	5,080	5,020	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	5	10	25	15	15	45,970	22,265	23,700	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	5	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	0	0	0
Spanish	15	5	10	25	15	15	32,170	15,475	16,695	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	5	0	5
Korean	15	5	5	0	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	6,430	3,245	3,185	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	10	5	5	790	385	410	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	5	0	5	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,720	31,925	36,790	15	10	10
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,430	31,300	36,130	15	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,950	14,765	17,190	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,755	15,315	17,435	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	220	245	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	10	10	80	30	50	73,050	35,515	37,535	25	10	15
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	65	25	35	58,650	28,715	29,930	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	5,680	2,595	3,085	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	580	300	285	930	455	475	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	835	395	435
English	415	220	195	420	215	200	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	730	350	380
French	0	0	0	5	5	5	4,775	2,390	2,390	0	0	0
Non-official language	45	20	20	145	65	80	127,600	60,835	66,760	10	5	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	20	20	145	65	80	127,540	60,810	66,730	10	5	0
English and French	10	5	5	0	0	0	14,755	6,925	7,835	15	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	100	50	55	335	145	185	306,635	148,985	157,650	80	35	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	5	5	0	7,715	3,605	4,105	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	20	10	5	12,395	5,820	6,575	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	580	300	285	930	455	475	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	835	395	435
Single responses	550	285	270	830	405	420	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	830	395	430
Official languages	460	235	225	550	275	270	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	795	375	420
English	460	235	225	545	270	270	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	795	380	415
French	0	0	0	5	5	5	7,230	3,560	3,665	5	0	0
Non-official languages	90	50	45	280	130	150	259,415	125,675	133,740	35	15	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	50	45	280	130	150	259,295	125,620	133,675	35	15	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15	45	20	25	22,515	11,260	11,260	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	2,145	1,040	1,105	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	5	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	15	15	40	15	20	20,280	10,165	10,115	0	0	0
Amharic	15	10	10	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	20	10	10	12,825	6,490	6,335	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	5	5	15	10	10	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,940	4,535	5,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,395	4,280	5,110	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0	20	5	15	35,275	16,595	18,675	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	20	5	15	29,630	13,885	15,750	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0	1,900	940	960	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	45	25	20	190	90	100	122,940	60,715	62,220	15	10	5
Albanian	5	5	5	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	5	0	0	0	14,005	6,710	7,295	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	10	5	0	0	0	13,790	6,605	7,190	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	10	0	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	375	0	0	0
Serbian	5	0	0	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	470	515	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	5	170	80	90	79,180	39,590	39,590	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	135	65	70	70,335	35,225	35,110	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	5	5	5	2,975	1,455	1,520	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	20	10	15	5,510	2,770	2,740	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	70	35	35	40,675	20,425	20,245	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	35	15	20	12,930	6,420	6,510	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	5	5	30	15	15	8,825	4,360	4,475	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	5	5	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	20	10	10	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	6,765	3,325	3,435	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	25	10	15	25,440	12,340	13,100	5	5	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	25	10	15	19,825	9,605	10,215	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,945	22,570	25,375	5	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,025	22,110	24,915	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,970	11,440	12,530	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,815	10,130	11,685	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	10	95	45	50	75,555	36,865	38,685	5	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	85	35	50	69,995	34,230	35,770	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	580	300	280	925	455	470	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	830	395	435
None	480	250	230	655	330	325	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	745	360	380
English	25	10	15	100	40	60	104,745	51,660	53,085	25	10	15
French	10	0	5	0	0	0	11,450	5,290	6,160	10	5	5
Non-official language	45	20	30	120	55	70	127,610	60,685	66,920	45	20	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	20	30	120	55	70	126,970	60,410	66,565	45	20	30
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	25	15	15	16,885	8,395	8,490	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	20	10	10	14,095	6,810	7,285	5	0	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	610	330	280	945	465	475	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	840	415	425
Official languages	610	330	280	870	435	435	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	840	415	425
English	610	330	280	850	425	425	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	840	415	425
French	65	20	45	45	25	15	103,915	47,090	56,830	45	30	15
Non-official languages	200	90	115	585	265	320	562,910	270,945	291,960	95	35	60
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	200	90	115	585	265	320	561,340	270,320	291,010	95	35	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	30	75	25	50	54,595	28,250	26,345	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	20	30	75	25	50	50,645	26,150	24,495	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	10	30	10	20	35,250	18,505	16,750	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	30	15	20	35	0	20	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,885	9,635	11,250	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,415	8,900	10,515	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	10	25	70	20	50	76,815	33,930	42,890	10	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	20	70	20	50	72,900	32,140	40,755	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	115	65	50	405	200	205	286,570	140,880	145,685	65	15	50
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	37,905	17,730	20,175	10	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	37,610	17,610	20,005	10	0	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950	0	0	0
Russian	20	10	10	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	45	10	35
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	40	10	30
German	10	0	10	0	0	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	40	10	30
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	20	0	315	165	145	143,590	72,720	70,870	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	20	0	315	165	145	128,685	65,260	63,425	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	45	25	20	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	20	0	0	0	0	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	85	55	30	45,340	22,980	22,370	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	160	85	75	68,525	34,920	33,610	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	130	65	65	31,710	16,195	15,515	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	20	75	30	45	80,155	38,210	41,945	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	0	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	10	75	30	45	60,770	28,640	32,125	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	82,875	39,220	43,660	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,080	38,330	42,750	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,460	21,635	24,825	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,910	20,105	22,800	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	610	330	280	940	465	475	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	840	415	430
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	25	15	10	75	40	40	53,700	25,250	28,450	50	30	15
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	25	15	10	75	35	40	51,520	24,220	27,300	50	30	15
First Nations (North American Indian)	15	10	0	75	35	40	22,470	10,235	12,230	25	10	15
Métis	10	0	0	0	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790	25	20	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	585	315	270	865	430	430	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	795	385	405
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	610	330	280	940	465	475	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	840	415	430
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	55	30	30	17,145	7,900	9,240	15	10	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	595	315	275	885	440	445	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	825	405	420
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	305	...	...	260	...	...	604,630	...	...	365	...	...
Owner	175	...	...	175	...	...	431,680	...	...	320	...	...
Renter	130	...	...	90	...	...	172,945	...	...	40	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	305	...	...	260	...	...	604,630	...	...	365	...	...
Condominium	120	...	...	10	...	...	138,505	...	...	100	...	...
Not condominium	190	...	...	255	...	...	466,125	...	...	260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	305	...	...	260	...	...	604,630	...	...	365	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	60	...	...	15	...	...	63,480	...	...	10	...	...
2 bedrooms	120	...	...	30	...	...	132,670	...	...	55	...	...
3 bedrooms	95	...	...	110	...	...	208,570	...	...	145	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	30	...	...	105	...	...	196,735	...	...	150	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	305	...	...	260	...	...	604,630	...	...	365	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	130	...	...	70	...	...	168,320	...	...	35	...	...
5 rooms	75	...	...	50	...	...	92,700	...	...	40	...	...
6 rooms	45	...	...	40	...	...	85,005	...	...	45	...	...
7 rooms	30	...	...	30	...	...	74,790	...	...	25	...	...
8 or more rooms	30	...	...	70	...	...	183,815	...	...	220	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.9	...	...	6.0	...	...	6.3	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	305	...	...	260	...	...	604,630	...	...	365	...	...
One person or fewer per room	290	...	...	210	...	...	587,240	...	...	365	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	55	...	...	17,390	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	305	...	...	260	...	...	604,630	...	...	365	...	...
Suitable	285	...	...	230	...	...	576,220	...	...	365	...	...
Not suitable	15	...	...	35	...	...	28,410	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	305	...	...	260	...	...	604,630	...	...	365	...	...
1960 or before	60	...	...	0	...	...	48,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	65	...	...	105	...	...	146,775	...	...	340	...	...
1981 to 1990	40	...	...	120	...	...	67,920	...	...	20	...	...
1991 to 2000	50	...	...	35	...	...	93,515	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	20	...	...	0	...	...	63,060	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	64,550	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	10	...	...	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	50	...	...	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	305	...	...	260	...	...	604,630	...	...	365	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	275	...	...	235	...	...	578,295	...	...	365	...	...
Major repairs needed	25	...	...	25	...	...	26,340	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	305	...	...	260	...	...	604,630	...	...	365	...	...
One-maintainer household	195	...	...	135	...	...	286,505	...	...	180	...	...
Two-maintainer household	90	...	...	100	...	...	282,890	...	...	155	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	20	...	...	35,230	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	305	...	...	260	...	...	604,630	...	...	365	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	0	...	...	15,275	...	...	15	...	...
25 to 34 years	75	...	...	15	...	...	95,360	...	...	10	...	...
35 to 44 years	55	...	...	90	...	...	132,875	...	...	55	...	...
45 to 54 years	55	...	...	70	...	...	121,200	...	...	55	...	...
55 to 64 years	60	...	...	55	...	...	114,325	...	...	55	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	25	...	...	78,705	...	...	95	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	10	...	...	34,680	...	...	50	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	300	...	...	265	...	...	599,605	...	...	360	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	220	...	...	230	...	...	466,085	...	...	305	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	80	...	...	30	...	...	133,520	...	...	55	...	...
30% to less than 100%	65	...	...	25	...	...	119,800	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	300	...	...	265	...	...	604,630	...	...	365	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	65	...	...	174,520	...	...	55	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	70	...	...	15	...	...	121,340	...	...	55	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	20	...	...	22,225	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...	10	...	...	17,480	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	10	...	...	7,285	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	190	...	...	195	...	...	430,110	...	...	310	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	285	...	...	260	...	...	585,885	...	...	360	...	...
In core need	35	...	...	30	...	...	55,440	...	...	20	...	...
Not in core need	250	...	...	225	...	...	530,445	...	...	335	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	175	...	...	170	...	...	429,490	...	...	320	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.6	...	...	82.4	...	...	65.7	...	...	35.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...	14.7	...	...	17.4	...	...	12.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	15.2	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,960	...	...	1,600	...	...	1,740	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,980	...	...	1,570	...	...	1,792	...	...	1,310	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	348,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	548,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	520,000	...	...	344,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	560,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	125	...	...	85	...	...	172,840	...	...	45	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	52.9	...	...	8.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	44.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	34.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.1	...	...	0.0	...	...	20.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,120	...	...	900	...	...	1,350	...	...	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,280	...	...	960	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,850	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	605	325	280	940	470	475	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	840	410	430
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	20	10	10	55	30	25	17,860	8,295	9,570	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	20	10	10	55	30	25	17,385	8,070	9,315	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	55	30	25	11,610	5,320	6,285	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15	15	0	0	0	0	47,230	22,330	24,905	25	20	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	15	15	0	0	0	0	45,875	21,725	24,145	25	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	10	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	20	10	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	580	310	275	860	430	430	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	810	390	415
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	605	330	285	945	470	470	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	840	415	425
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	560	305	255	765	370	400	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	805	395	405
Canadian citizens aged under 18	105	50	55	285	145	140	325,765	167,940	157,820	125	75	55
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	450	255	195	480	225	260	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	685	325	355
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	50	20	30	175	100	75	174,615	83,940	90,680	35	15	15
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	605	330	285	945	470	470	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	840	415	425
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	425	235	190	515	270	250	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	695	360	340
Immigrants⁸¹	175	80	90	420	190	225	473,580	227,640	245,935	135	50	90
Before 1980	20	15	0	30	15	15	56,750	27,435	29,320	70	20	45
1980 to 1990	20	10	15	15	0	10	44,975	21,950	23,020	15	0	10
1991 to 2000	15	10	10	75	35	40	67,220	32,280	34,935	25	15	15
2001 to 2010	25	15	0	105	45	60	127,170	61,140	66,030	15	0	0
2011 to 2021⁸²	90	35	55	195	100	95	177,465	84,835	92,630	20	0	20
2011 to 2015	75	35	45	120	60	65	89,810	43,015	46,795	10	0	10
2016 to 2021	20	0	15	70	40	30	87,650	41,815	45,835	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,410	14,945	13,470	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	170	80	90	420	190	225	473,580	227,640	245,935	140	50	85
Under 5 years	20	0	15	55	30	25	41,205	20,985	20,220	15	0	10
5 to 14 years	25	10	15	80	35	40	79,795	41,370	38,425	30	15	20
15 to 24 years	30	25	10	70	20	50	82,830	37,905	44,930	15	10	10
25 to 44 years	90	40	50	170	80	90	223,080	105,885	117,190	55	15	35
45 years and over	0	0	0	40	30	15	46,670	21,495	25,170	15	0	10
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	170	80	90	420	190	225	473,580	227,640	245,935	140	50	85
Americas	20	15	0	50	20	30	50,280	23,315	26,970	30	0	30
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	10	10	0	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	15	0	15
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	25	10	10	12,355	5,775	6,585	10	0	0
Europe	55	30	30	15	10	0	83,855	41,815	42,040	60	20	40
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	20	0	15
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	10	0	0	27,675	14,575	13,095	15	0	15
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	10	0	0
Africa	25	10	10	100	45	55	55,355	27,975	27,385	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	25	15	10	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	15	10	0	15	10	10	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	35	10	25	18,410	9,205	9,210	0	0	0
Asia	75	30	45	255	120	135	279,930	132,545	147,390	40	20	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,925	16,915	20,015	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0
Philippines	35	10	25	75	25	45	71,315	31,605	39,715	10	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,350	7,325	9,030	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	20	10	10	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0
India	10	0	0	95	60	40	61,580	30,730	30,850	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	55	30	30	19,425	9,810	9,615	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	10	0	10	22,735	10,640	12,090	10	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	20	0	10	70	40	25	87,650	41,815	45,830	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	35	20	15	15,820	7,845	7,980	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	30	15	10	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	10	0	0	25	15	10	55,100	25,850	29,250	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	20	15	0	14,870	7,455	7,420	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	610	330	280	940	465	475	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	840	415	425
First generation¹⁰⁰	190	90	100	425	205	225	518,345	251,010	267,335	145	55	90
Second generation¹⁰¹	150	75	70	300	155	145	329,675	166,505	163,165	195	75	120
Third generation or more¹⁰²	270	160	110	215	115	100	723,920	364,750	359,170	500	280	215
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	150	65	85	390	180	205	416,830	200,210	216,615	65	25	45
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	90	45	50	120	65	55	235,880	118,150	117,730	30	15	15
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	45	20	20	45	35	0	95,815	58,035	37,780	20	15	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	50	20	30	80	30	45	140,065	60,120	79,950	10	0	10
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	35	0	25	95	25	65	117,720	48,395	69,330	35	10	25
Refugees¹⁰⁸	25	15	10	165	75	90	58,995	31,595	27,395	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	10	10	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	150	65	85	390	180	205	416,830	200,210	216,615	65	25	45
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	55	30	25	14,765	8,620	6,145	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	15	10	0	40	30	10	53,180	23,440	29,750	15	0	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15	0	15	0	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	105	40	65	285	115	170	313,060	149,760	163,300	50	25	25
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	610	330	280	940	465	475	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	840	415	430
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	200	100	100	670	315	350	575,650	282,735	292,910	80	45	35
South Asian	20	15	0	325	165	155	154,385	78,430	75,955	0	0	0
Chinese	10	10	0	0	0	0	93,975	45,570	48,410	0	0	0
Black	60	25	30	150	60	85	76,470	38,665	37,800	10	0	0
Filipino	55	20	35	85	35	50	92,235	42,365	49,880	15	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	20	10	10
Latin American	0	0	0	90	45	45	35,155	16,925	18,235	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,720	13,405	15,310	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	10	0	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	15	0	10	0	0	0	20,840	10,195	10,645	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	410	225	180	275	150	120	996,285	499,530	496,755	760	370	395
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	610	330	280	945	465	470	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	840	415	425
Canadian	20	15	0	80	40	45	168,075	87,325	80,750	80	20	55
English	90	55	40	30	15	15	276,300	136,835	139,465	250	170	85
Irish	90	40	50	20	0	15	202,260	98,040	104,225	130	85	45
Scottish	55	30	30	20	10	10	235,385	115,820	119,575	225	140	85
French, n.o.s.¹²²	55	25	25	35	20	10	104,160	50,935	53,225	35	20	15
German	75	50	30	20	0	15	197,770	97,860	99,910	160	85	75
Chinese	15	0	0	0	0	0	99,705	48,045	51,650	15	10	0
Italian	15	10	10	0	0	0	44,840	22,330	22,510	65	30	30
Indian (India)	0	0	0	145	80	60	77,900	39,545	38,355	0	0	0
Ukrainian	45	25	20	0	0	0	89,615	43,675	45,940	65	25	40
Dutch	25	15	10	20	10	15	53,665	26,510	27,155	40	25	15
Polish	15	10	0	0	0	0	53,675	25,885	27,790	60	10	45
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	20	20	0	15	0	10	53,825	27,135	26,690	55	25	30
Filipino	45	15	35	85	35	45	86,850	40,140	46,710	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	25	15	10	0	0	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	0	0	0
Métis	15	10	0	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	20	15	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	25	15	10	0	0	0	28,815	14,565	14,250	15	0	10
Russian	0	0	0	10	10	0	36,090	16,840	19,255	25	10	15
Norwegian	15	15	0	0	0	0	44,865	21,320	23,545	40	20	20
Welsh	10	0	0	0	0	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	25	20	10
Spanish	0	0	0	20	10	10	19,620	9,075	10,545	10	10	0
Swedish	10	10	0	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	30	10	15
Hungarian	30	10	20	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	10	10	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	70	30	40	24,175	12,270	11,905	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	50	25	20	20,085	10,145	9,940	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,750	10,685	12,065	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	20	15	0
Greek	10	10	0	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	10	10	0	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	15	15	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	10	0	0
Lebanese	20	0	15	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	10	0	10
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,225	6,465	6,765	30	20	10
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	10	10	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	25	15	15	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	10	0	10
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0
Japanese	15	15	0	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	10	0	10
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	25	10	10
Muslim	0	0	0	35	20	20	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	20	10	10
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	25	0	20
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	50	35	15	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	35	15	20	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	610	330	280	940	470	475	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	845	415	430
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,425	9,955	12,470	0	0	0
Christian	210	105	110	440	210	225	713,465	336,705	376,760	445	195	250
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	65	40	25	165	80	80	153,665	73,675	79,985	85	40	50
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,625	16,415	19,210	65	35	25
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	0	0	0
Catholic	75	25	45	185	95	90	312,410	149,290	163,120	145	60	90
Christian Orthodox	35	15	25	50	20	25	25,935	12,595	13,340	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	25	0	15
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	15	10	10
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	10	0	10	0	0	0	51,720	22,415	29,305	80	20	55
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,375	20,405	22,970	10	10	0
Hindu	15	15	0	70	35	35	35,335	18,180	17,155	0	0	0
Jewish	10	0	0	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0
Muslim	15	10	0	205	90	115	101,285	51,675	49,610	15	0	10
Sikh	0	0	0	90	55	35	56,230	28,325	27,905	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	360	190	165	130	70	60	623,560	328,795	294,765	380	215	165
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	585	315	270	920	450	470	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	835	410	425
Non-movers	425	235	185	875	430	440	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	730	335	390
Movers	165	85	80	45	20	25	209,550	104,275	105,275	100	75	30
Non-migrants	115	55	55	30	10	15	147,415	73,505	73,910	25	15	15
Migrants	50	30	20	20	10	10	62,135	30,765	31,365	75	60	15
Internal migrants	40	30	10	20	10	10	47,380	23,440	23,940	60	50	10
Intraprovincial migrants	10	10	0	0	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	25	25	0	20	10	10	19,305	9,580	9,725	55	50	0
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	540	290	250	855	435	425	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	820	405	410
Non-movers	215	110	105	495	250	250	863,155	429,060	434,095	570	270	305
Movers	325	180	145	360	185	170	619,175	307,300	311,880	245	135	110
Non-migrants	210	105	110	270	130	135	363,260	181,560	181,700	180	85	90
Migrants	115	80	35	85	55	40	255,920	125,740	130,180	65	45	25
Internal migrants	95	70	30	65	40	25	177,420	87,415	90,005	55	35	15
Intraprovincial migrants	40	20	20	10	0	0	112,590	55,855	56,735	10	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	60	50	10	55	35	20	64,830	31,560	33,270	45	35	10
External migrants	20	10	0	20	15	10	78,500	38,320	40,180	15	0	10
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	515	280	230	660	330	325	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	730	350	380
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	40	15	20	185	85	100	182,850	95,955	86,895	55	30	30
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	470	265	210	470	245	230	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	680	320	355
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	385	205	180	465	235	235	886,650	437,700	448,950	365	145	220
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15	15	0	125	65	60	79,025	43,715	35,310	15	15	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	370	190	180	340	170	170	807,620	393,985	413,640	355	130	220
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	515	285	230	660	335	325	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	735	350	385
No certificate, diploma or degree	35	10	25	175	80	90	163,710	84,360	79,350	55	25	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	140	75	65	210	115	95	339,400	169,445	169,950	200	100	105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	335	195	140	275	135	140	775,265	377,350	397,915	475	225	250
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	75	25	170	85	85	348,595	174,345	174,250	160	95	70
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	15	0	40	35	10	84,805	63,760	21,050	45	35	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	15	15	10	29,285	16,610	12,680	10	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	25	25	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	45	30	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	65	55	15	100	40	60	221,065	92,585	128,480	100	50	50
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	30	10	15	42,725	18,000	24,720	10	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	235	120	115	105	45	60	426,670	203,005	223,660	310	130	180
Bachelor's degree	160	65	95	75	35	40	294,610	137,240	157,375	220	95	125
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	10	0	0	0	0	22,475	10,080	12,390	20	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	0	0	0
Master's degree	55	40	20	20	10	0	86,005	42,875	43,130	50	15	35
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	10	0	0	0	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	20	15	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	385	205	180	465	230	235	886,650	437,700	448,950	365	145	220
No certificate, diploma or degree	10	10	0	120	55	60	66,625	36,450	30,175	10	10	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	90	40	50	120	65	60	197,715	102,665	95,045	70	25	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	285	160	130	225	110	120	622,315	298,585	323,730	285	110	175
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	85	65	15	135	70	65	266,590	133,640	132,950	85	45	35
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15	10	0	35	25	10	63,270	48,090	15,175	10	10	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	20	10	10	20,715	12,025	8,685	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	10	10	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	65	50	10	70	30	40	170,270	71,565	98,700	65	35	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	30	15	15	33,050	13,985	19,070	10	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	205	90	110	90	40	50	355,720	164,940	190,775	205	60	140
Bachelor's degree	140	50	85	70	35	35	244,340	111,530	132,810	150	50	100
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	0	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	15	0	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	0	0	0
Master's degree	50	30	15	10	0	10	74,335	35,965	38,370	30	10	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	10	0	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	10	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	510	280	230	660	335	330	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	735	350	385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	180	90	90	385	200	185	503,110	253,805	249,305	260	125	135
Education	20	0	20	20	0	20	46,605	10,200	36,405	65	0	55
13. Education	20	0	20	20	0	20	46,605	10,200	36,405	65	0	55
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	0	15	0	0	0	23,385	9,460	13,925	10	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	0	15	0	0	0	20,825	7,530	13,295	10	10	0
Humanities	20	10	10	10	10	0	34,000	12,365	21,635	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	10	0	0	0	0	7,415	1,915	5,495	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	4,095	7,460	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	20	25	30	10	25	83,860	28,790	55,065	65	20	45
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	10	10	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	0	0	0	15,515	5,275	10,245	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	15	0	15
45. Social sciences	20	10	0	15	10	10	30,700	14,865	15,830	30	15	10
Business, management and public administration	80	45	35	70	30	35	177,710	75,825	101,885	60	25	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	80	45	35	70	30	35	168,935	74,160	94,770	50	25	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	0	0	0	39,940	20,670	19,265	55	25	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	15	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	15	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	20	20	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	15	0	20	15	0	36,465	23,975	12,485	15	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	15	0	20	15	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50	45	0	65	65	0	173,505	149,155	24,355	120	110	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	0	0	0
14. Engineering	25	25	0	30	30	0	66,620	53,075	13,545	55	50	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	15	0	10	10	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	35	35	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	10	10	0	28,060	27,225	835	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	22,210	21,530	675	20	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	10	10	0	11,885	11,515	375	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,905	7,900	8,005	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	0	0	0
Health and related fields	45	15	30	40	0	40	111,080	22,865	88,215	60	0	55
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	10	0	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	10	25	40	0	40	98,680	16,900	81,780	55	0	50
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	15	0	10	0	10	32,595	16,030	16,565	20	10	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0	10	0	10	20,215	6,265	13,950	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	385	205	180	470	230	235	886,650	437,700	448,950	370	145	220
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	100	50	55	240	120	120	264,340	139,115	125,220	80	35	45
Education	20	0	20	15	0	15	33,450	6,965	26,475	35	0	35
13. Education	20	0	20	15	0	15	33,450	6,965	26,475	35	0	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	10	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	10	10	0
Humanities	15	0	10	10	10	0	26,945	9,460	17,490	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,035	1,555	4,480	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	3,220	6,225	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	15	25	25	0	25	69,810	23,220	46,590	40	10	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	0	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	10	0	15	0	10	25,655	12,155	13,505	15	10	10
Business, management and public administration	70	40	30	60	25	35	145,930	61,450	84,480	30	10	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	70	40	30	50	25	30	138,835	60,195	78,640	25	10	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	0	0	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	50	25	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	15	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	15	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	15	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	15	0	20	15	0	31,330	20,720	10,615	20	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	15	0	20	15	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	30	30	0	55	55	0	138,260	116,630	21,630	50	45	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	15	0	25	25	0	55,310	43,055	12,260	25	25	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	15	0	10	10	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	10	10	0	21,755	21,035	720	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,875	16,295	580	10	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,785	8,485	305	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0
Health and related fields	45	20	30	25	0	25	88,715	18,735	69,980	40	0	40
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	10	0	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	10	25	25	0	25	78,745	14,010	64,730	40	0	40
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	15	0	10	0	10	25,425	12,820	12,610	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0	10	0	10	15,385	4,880	10,500	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	385	205	180	470	230	235	886,650	437,700	448,950	370	145	220
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	100	50	55	240	120	120	264,340	139,115	125,220	80	35	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	285	155	125	220	105	115	622,310	298,585	323,730	290	110	175
Location of study inside Canada	240	130	115	145	60	80	455,590	220,680	234,910	255	105	150
Same as province or territory of residence	175	90	85	130	50	75	328,175	157,540	170,630	195	75	115
Different than province or territory of residence	65	40	25	15	10	0	127,410	63,135	64,275	65	30	40
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	45	30	15	80	45	35	166,725	77,905	88,820	30	10	25
Americas	15	15	0	0	0	0	28,670	14,305	14,360	15	0	10
United States of America	15	15	0	0	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040	15	0	10
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0
Europe	10	0	0	0	0	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	15	0	15
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0
Asia	15	10	10	60	35	25	91,990	39,695	52,295	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	15	0	0	30,585	12,115	18,470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	20	10	10	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	20	15	0	25,005	11,780	13,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	515	285	230	660	335	325	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	735	350	385
In the labour force	405	245	160	410	225	185	882,705	463,170	419,540	395	190	205
Employed	350	210	140	345	195	155	776,015	408,675	367,335	310	140	170
Unemployed	55	30	20	65	40	25	106,695	54,490	52,205	85	50	35
Not in the labour force	110	40	70	250	105	145	395,665	167,985	227,680	335	155	180
Participation rate	78.6	86.0	69.6	62.1	67.2	56.9	69.0	73.4	64.8	53.7	54.3	53.2
Employment rate	68.0	73.7	60.9	52.3	58.2	47.7	60.7	64.8	56.8	42.2	40.0	44.2
Unemployment rate	13.6	12.2	12.5	15.9	17.8	13.5	12.1	11.8	12.4	21.5	26.3	17.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	510	285	230	660	335	330	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	735	350	385
Did not work¹⁸⁶	145	60	80	295	135	155	422,665	183,645	239,020	355	190	175
Worked	370	220	145	360	195	165	855,710	447,510	408,200	375	165	210
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	185	110	70	180	100	80	450,195	257,535	192,655	155	80	75
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	185	110	80	180	95	80	405,520	189,970	215,550	220	85	130
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.8	39.8	37.2	40.1	38.4	42.0	40.7	41.5	39.8	38.2	36.8	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	405	245	165	415	230	180	882,710	463,165	419,540	395	195	205
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	15	10	20	10	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	15	0	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	385	225	155	390	220	175	853,695	449,150	404,550	380	185	190
Employee	310	185	125	315	165	150	715,140	365,090	350,050	320	160	160
Permanent position	260	150	115	265	145	125	600,125	311,480	288,645	240	130	110
Temporary position	45	35	10	50	20	30	115,020	53,615	61,405	80	30	45
Fixed term (1 year or more)	25	20	0	25	0	20	37,760	16,790	20,970	20	10	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	20	15	0	20	15	10	77,260	36,820	40,435	60	20	35
Self-employed¹⁹²	75	45	25	80	55	25	138,550	84,060	54,500	60	25	30
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	405	245	165	415	230	180	882,710	463,165	419,540	395	195	205
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	15	10	20	10	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	15	0	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	385	225	155	390	220	175	853,695	449,150	404,550	380	185	190
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	10	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	95	50	45	40	0	35	161,170	53,245	107,930	65	20	45
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	45	40	0	30	25	0	94,565	72,340	22,225	60	60	0
3 Health occupations	30	15	15	40	0	40	69,305	13,810	55,490	25	10	20
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	60	15	40	30	0	25	92,850	30,655	62,195	80	30	50
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	10	0	0	0	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	40	15	25
6 Sales and service occupations	95	65	35	90	40	45	209,115	94,840	114,280	75	45	30
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	35	10	110	95	15	147,375	132,085	15,290	15	0	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	10	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	55	40	15	25,565	19,070	6,490	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	405	245	165	415	230	180	882,710	463,165	419,540	395	195	205
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	15	10	20	10	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	15	0	10
All industries¹⁹¹	385	225	155	390	220	175	853,695	449,150	404,550	380	185	190
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	10	0	0	0	0	39,750	26,465	13,290	30	25	0
22 Utilities	25	15	10	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	0	0	0
23 Construction	35	30	10	65	45	10	75,665	63,720	11,945	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	50	35	10	41,545	30,255	11,295	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	10	0	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	35	25	15	45	20	25	96,885	46,555	50,330	35	20	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	20	0	50	45	0	56,135	40,670	15,470	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	20	20	0	0	0	0	30,760	13,930	16,825	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	45	25	25	20	10	0	96,185	55,190	40,995	60	35	25
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	10	0	15	0	10	37,790	21,285	16,510	15	0	10
61 Educational services	40	25	20	25	10	15	55,510	16,805	38,700	45	10	35
62 Health care and social assistance	30	15	15	50	0	50	107,190	20,475	86,720	40	10	30
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	30	0	25
72 Accommodation and food services	45	15	30	15	15	0	49,900	22,440	27,460	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	10	0	25	10	10	37,065	16,090	20,975	20	10	10
91 Public administration	20	0	10	0	0	0	31,305	16,235	15,075	45	35	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	410	245	165	430	235	195	926,320	483,455	442,860	435	215	220
English	410	245	165	370	200	170	878,705	460,305	418,400	430	215	215
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	55	30	25	30,355	15,535	14,825	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	410	245	165	430	235	195	926,320	483,455	442,860	435	215	220
Single responses	410	245	165	410	225	185	919,325	479,835	439,490	435	215	220
Official languages	410	245	165	390	215	175	906,220	473,040	433,180	430	215	215
English	410	245	165	390	215	175	903,745	472,395	431,350	430	215	215
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	13,105	6,795	6,310	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	13,090	6,795	6,300	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	5,395	2,930	2,465	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	20	10	10	7,000	3,625	3,375	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	10	10	5,765	3,065	2,695	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	410	245	165	430	235	195	926,320	483,455	442,860	435	215	220
None	410	245	165	395	215	175	893,045	467,350	425,695	430	215	215
English	0	0	0	10	0	10	6,235	2,990	3,245	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	15	10	0	17,585	8,825	8,760	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	15	10	0	17,465	8,780	8,690	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	350	210	140	345	190	155	776,010	408,680	367,335	310	140	170
Worked at home	120	80	40	75	50	25	215,520	105,290	110,230	155	65	85
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	55	35	20	50	45	0	113,260	83,885	29,375	25	10	15
Usual place of work	170	95	75	220	100	125	444,410	217,405	227,005	125	60	70
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	170	95	75	220	95	125	444,410	217,405	227,005	130	60	70
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	155	95	65	185	80	110	361,065	170,000	191,065	105	50	60
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	0	0	35	15	20	69,230	37,715	31,505	15	0	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	230	135	100	270	140	130	557,670	301,290	256,380	155	70	85
Car, truck or van	170	90	80	260	140	120	473,465	261,055	212,410	125	45	75
Car, truck or van - as a driver	155	90	65	215	125	90	441,645	249,990	191,655	120	45	70
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	0	15	50	15	30	31,820	11,060	20,755	0	0	0
Public transit	40	30	10	10	0	10	40,930	17,775	23,165	0	0	0
Walked	15	0	0	0	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	10	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	230	135	100	270	140	130	557,670	301,290	256,380	155	70	85
Less than 15 minutes	50	25	25	50	30	20	128,460	58,155	70,310	25	10	15
15 to 29 minutes	125	85	35	125	75	45	242,460	130,855	111,610	70	35	40
30 to 44 minutes	45	0	35	90	30	60	125,765	75,100	50,660	45	20	25
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,050	18,505	12,545	10	10	0
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	10	10	0	29,930	18,665	11,265	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	230	135	100	270	140	130	557,670	301,290	256,380	155	70	85
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	35	30	0	37,665	27,280	10,390	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	30	10	20	35	10	20	100,900	63,500	37,400	45	20	25
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	80	50	25	50	20	30	143,455	75,755	67,700	40	15	20
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	40	30	10	55	30	25	105,095	50,620	54,475	30	20	10
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	40	20	15	15	0	10	79,595	35,415	44,180	25	10	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	25	15	10	85	40	45	90,950	48,715	42,230	10	0	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	105	50	55	310	150	165	356,225	183,250	172,980	140	70	70
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	0	15	10	10	25,335	12,890	12,445	10	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	95	50	55	295	140	155	330,890	170,360	160,535	135	65	70
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	60	20	35	230	115	120	259,535	133,590	125,945	115	55	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	0	0	10	5	5	18,890	9,625	9,270	10	5	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	5	0	0	9,575	4,670	4,910	5	5	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	5	5	5	9,315	4,955	4,360	5	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	20	30	220	105	115	240,640	123,965	116,675	105	50	55

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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