Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48062005More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48062642More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,047	...	...	348	...	...	1,590,639	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	277	...	...	2	...	...	638,160	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	276	...	...	2	...	...	604,628	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,476.3	...	...	532.8	...	...	126.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.23	...	...	0.65	...	...	12,614.18	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,050	530	520	350	155	195	1,590,640	790,320	800,320
0 to 14 years	170	90	85	0	0	0	294,075	151,285	142,785
0 to 4 years	30	15	10	0	0	0	89,790	46,155	43,630
5 to 9 years	65	35	35	0	0	0	100,905	51,680	49,225
10 to 14 years	70	35	35	0	0	0	103,380	53,450	49,930
15 to 64 years	695	355	335	35	35	5	1,074,770	535,540	539,230
15 to 19 years	50	25	25	0	0	0	92,025	47,355	44,675
20 to 24 years	80	45	35	0	0	0	91,515	47,260	44,260
25 to 29 years	85	50	35	0	0	0	101,235	50,320	50,915
30 to 34 years	65	35	30	0	0	0	123,235	60,255	62,980
35 to 39 years	65	30	40	0	0	0	132,045	64,950	67,095
40 to 44 years	70	35	40	20	20	0	121,735	60,110	61,625
45 to 49 years	55	25	30	0	0	0	111,345	55,485	55,860
50 to 54 years	55	30	30	0	0	0	103,325	51,835	51,490
55 to 59 years	75	30	40	0	0	0	101,580	50,260	51,320
60 to 64 years	95	55	45	20	15	0	96,735	47,710	49,020
65 years and over	185	85	100	310	115	190	221,795	103,495	118,300
65 to 69 years	65	30	35	30	30	0	78,095	38,250	39,845
70 to 74 years	55	30	25	10	5	5	58,785	28,310	30,475
75 to 79 years	25	10	15	35	20	15	36,570	17,235	19,340
80 to 84 years	15	10	5	60	15	45	23,750	10,405	13,350
85 years and over	20	10	10	175	45	125	24,595	9,300	15,290
85 to 89 years	15	5	10	85	20	60	15,285	6,230	9,050
90 to 94 years	5	0	0	70	20	45	7,425	2,580	4,850
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	20	5	15	1,655	445	1,210
100 years and over	0	0	0	5	0	5	225	45	180
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.2	17.0	16.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	18.5	19.1	17.8
15 to 64 years	66.2	67.0	64.4	10.0	22.6	2.6	67.6	67.8	67.4
65 years and over	17.6	16.0	19.2	88.6	74.2	97.4	13.9	13.1	14.8
85 years and over	1.9	1.9	1.9	50.0	29.0	64.1	1.5	1.2	1.9
Average age of the population	41.5	40.4	42.6	80.8	73.5	86.8	38.9	38.3	39.6
Median age of the population	40.8	38.4	42.8	85.0	75.5	87.0	38.4	38.0	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	280	...	...	5	...	...	604,630	...	...
Single-detached house	275	...	...	5	...	...	351,925	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	39,065	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	57,180	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	0	...	...	21,855	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	89,225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	40,750	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	380	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,250	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	275	...	...	0	...	...	604,630	...	...
1 person	25	...	...	0	...	...	151,770	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	0	...	...	196,980	...	...
3 persons	60	...	...	0	...	...	96,165	...	...
4 persons	50	...	...	0	...	...	97,780	...	...
5 or more persons	95	...	...	0	...	...	61,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,050	530	520	5	0	5	1,571,935	782,210	789,725
Average household size	3.8	...	...	...	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	880	445	440	350	155	195	1,296,570	639,035	657,530
Married or living common-law	535	270	265	60	35	20	773,480	387,015	386,465
Married	520	265	260	60	35	20	657,160	328,650	328,510
Living common-law	10	5	5	0	0	0	116,320	58,365	57,960
Living common law - Never married	10	5	5	0	0	0	87,265	43,935	43,330
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890
Living common law - Divorced	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,185	11,490	11,690
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045
Not married and not living common-law	340	170	170	290	115	175	523,090	252,020	271,065
Not married and not living common law - Never married	255	150	105	60	45	15	364,145	197,890	166,255
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	5	10	35	30	5	29,375	12,665	16,710
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	10	20	45	20	30	79,920	30,945	48,970
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	45	10	40	150	20	125	49,640	10,520	39,125
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	295	...	...	0	...	...	438,900	...	...
2 persons	110	...	...	0	...	...	204,395	...	...
3 persons	70	...	...	0	...	...	94,815	...	...
4 persons	85	...	...	0	...	...	97,660	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	0	...	...	42,025	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	...	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	...	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	290	...	...	0	...	...	438,900	...	...
Total couple families	260	...	...	0	...	...	377,050	...	...
Married couples	255	...	...	0	...	...	318,890	...	...
With children⁶	165	...	...	0	...	...	190,345	...	...
Without children	90	...	...	0	...	...	128,545	...	...
Common-law couples	5	...	...	0	...	...	58,160	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	0	...	...	19,165	...	...
Without children	0	...	...	0	...	...	38,995	...	...
Total one-parent families	30	...	...	0	...	...	61,850	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	0	...	...	47,785	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	0	...	...	14,065	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,050	530	515	0	0	0	1,571,935	782,210	789,725
Total - Persons in census families	925	475	450	0	0	0	1,308,650	651,540	657,110
Married spouses or common-law partners	520	260	260	0	0	0	754,090	377,085	377,010
Parents in one-parent families	35	10	25	0	0	0	61,855	14,065	47,790
Children⁶	375	205	165	0	0	0	492,710	260,395	232,315
In a two-parent family	320	180	140	0	0	0	396,580	208,580	188,000
In a one-parent family	55	25	25	0	0	0	96,130	51,815	44,315
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	120	55	70	0	0	0	263,280	130,670	132,615
Living alone	20	5	20	0	0	0	151,765	71,605	80,165
Living with other relatives⁷	70	25	40	0	0	0	40,060	17,085	22,975
Living with non-relatives only	30	20	10	0	0	0	71,460	41,975	29,480
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	275	...	...	0	...	...	604,630	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	150	...	...	0	...	...	375,185	...	...
Couple-family households	140	...	...	0	...	...	328,515	...	...
With children⁶	100	...	...	0	...	...	182,665	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	0	...	...	145,845	...	...
One-parent-family households	10	...	...	0	...	...	46,670	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	60	...	...	0	...	...	20,165	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10	...	...	0	...	...	4,730	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	25	...	...	0	...	...	22,485	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	0	...	...	30,295	...	...
One-person households	25	...	...	0	...	...	151,765	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	880	440	435	0	0	0	1,278,370	631,180	647,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	845	425	420	x	x	x	1,214,945	600,280	614,665
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	36,400	34,000	x	x	x	44,800	52,400	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	845	425	420	x	x	x	1,215,665	600,680	614,980
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	34,000	31,600	x	x	x	40,400	46,000	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	725	375	350	x	x	x	1,105,625	556,335	549,290
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	33,200	27,000	x	x	x	40,800	50,000	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	605	310	290	x	x	x	922,195	474,800	447,395
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	30,000	29,800	x	x	x	42,400	50,800	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	775	395	375	x	x	x	1,061,305	515,795	545,510
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,700	9,900	x	x	x	7,600	5,600	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80	35	45	x	x	x	136,975	64,415	72,555
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,720	5,600	x	x	x	5,800	5,760	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	315	175	145	x	x	x	384,535	184,820	199,710
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	x	x	x	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	860	425	440	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,155	647,220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	820	405	415	x	x	x	1,214,380	599,940	614,440
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,500	47,000	40,000	x	x	x	65,500	78,400	52,850
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	820	405	415	x	x	x	1,215,100	600,300	614,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	41,400	35,400	x	x	x	53,050	61,750	44,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	700	350	350	x	x	x	1,105,945	556,435	549,510
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,900	43,000	35,000	x	x	x	62,300	76,300	48,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	590	295	295	x	x	x	922,200	475,075	447,125
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	42,800	37,600	x	x	x	60,800	73,200	47,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	755	370	385	x	x	x	1,060,140	515,090	545,050
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,040	10,520	11,520	x	x	x	10,020	8,930	11,050
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100	60	40	x	x	x	136,685	64,550	72,135
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,600	7,600	7,600	x	x	x	7,070	6,620	7,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	335	170	165	x	x	x	383,100	184,610	198,485
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,900	9,200	x	x	x	9,270	9,160	9,380
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	860	425	435	x	x	x	1,278,370	631,155	647,215
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	265	120	140	x	x	x	432,255	245,295	186,965
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	56,400	54,000	x	x	x	73,000	80,000	65,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,800	60,000	62,000	x	x	x	94,000	107,000	76,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	235	135	100	x	x	x	374,345	173,060	201,290
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	19,800	12,500	x	x	x	20,400	23,400	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	24,000	17,600	x	x	x	33,960	40,480	28,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.8	79.5	73.5	x	x	x	86.6	90.2	81.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.5	67.0	66.0	x	x	x	70.6	74.0	65.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.3	20.4	26.6	x	x	x	13.4	9.8	18.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	2.4	1.9	x	x	x	1.2	0.9	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.4	8.8	10.1	x	x	x	5.0	3.9	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	8.5	8.0	9.0	x	x	x	4.5	3.6	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	880	445	440	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,180	647,190
Without total income	35	15	20	x	x	x	63,430	30,900	32,525
With total income	840	430	415	x	x	x	1,214,950	600,280	614,670
Under $10,000 (including loss)	70	25	45	x	x	x	107,500	44,415	63,085
$10,000 to $19,999	110	50	60	x	x	x	115,465	47,780	67,690
$20,000 to $29,999	180	105	80	x	x	x	178,230	78,800	99,430
$30,000 to $39,999	115	50	60	x	x	x	142,910	61,170	81,740
$40,000 to $49,999	100	45	55	x	x	x	122,655	55,960	66,690
$50,000 to $59,999	80	35	50	x	x	x	101,530	48,280	53,245
$60,000 to $69,999	55	35	20	x	x	x	85,080	42,725	42,355
$70,000 to $79,999	35	25	15	x	x	x	68,705	36,885	31,825
$80,000 to $89,999	25	15	10	x	x	x	53,900	30,515	23,385
$90,000 to $99,999	25	15	5	x	x	x	45,345	25,570	19,775
$100,000 and over	50	35	20	x	x	x	193,625	128,165	65,460
$100,000 to $149,999	35	25	15	x	x	x	113,250	69,295	43,955
$150,000 and over	20	15	5	x	x	x	80,375	58,870	21,505
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	880	445	440	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,180	647,190
Without after-tax income	35	15	20	x	x	x	62,710	30,505	32,210
With after-tax income	840	430	415	x	x	x	1,215,660	600,680	614,985
Under $10,000 (including loss)	70	25	45	x	x	x	112,205	46,185	66,020
$10,000 to $19,999	115	50	60	x	x	x	120,545	50,115	70,430
$20,000 to $29,999	200	110	90	x	x	x	201,940	89,680	112,255
$30,000 to $39,999	130	60	75	x	x	x	166,565	73,405	93,160
$40,000 to $49,999	110	50	60	x	x	x	143,135	67,430	75,705
$50,000 to $59,999	80	35	40	x	x	x	114,565	57,190	57,380
$60,000 to $69,999	50	35	15	x	x	x	87,375	47,045	40,330
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	10	x	x	x	65,115	36,810	28,305
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	0	x	x	x	51,690	28,935	22,760
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	x	x	x	35,160	21,215	13,945
$100,000 and over	30	20	10	x	x	x	117,360	82,665	34,700
$100,000 to $124,999	20	10	10	x	x	x	48,950	32,240	16,710
$125,000 and over	10	10	0	x	x	x	68,410	50,430	17,985
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	880	445	440	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,180	647,190
Without employment income	280	130	145	x	x	x	356,175	156,380	199,795
With employment income	600	315	290	x	x	x	922,200	474,800	447,395
Under $5,000 (including loss)	75	35	40	x	x	x	116,020	54,130	61,895
$5,000 to $9,999	60	35	30	x	x	x	73,350	31,190	42,165
$10,000 to $19,999	85	50	40	x	x	x	101,970	44,705	57,260
$20,000 to $29,999	70	35	35	x	x	x	78,390	35,640	42,745
$30,000 to $39,999	65	25	40	x	x	x	73,695	34,455	39,235
$40,000 to $49,999	55	20	30	x	x	x	71,335	34,515	36,815
$50,000 to $59,999	50	25	20	x	x	x	67,050	32,805	34,245
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	15	x	x	x	60,120	30,900	29,220
$70,000 to $79,999	35	20	15	x	x	x	49,420	27,665	21,750
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	5	x	x	x	40,555	23,400	17,160
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	0	x	x	x	37,010	20,630	16,375
$100,000 and over	35	30	10	x	x	x	153,280	104,755	48,525
$100,000 to $124,999	15	15	5	x	x	x	61,175	36,970	24,210
$125,000 and over	20	15	5	x	x	x	92,100	67,780	24,320
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	880	440	435	0	0	0	1,278,370	631,180	647,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	830	415	415	x	x	x	1,186,950	585,375	601,575
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	34,000	29,800	x	x	x	44,400	53,200	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	830	415	415	x	x	x	1,187,385	585,475	601,910
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	32,000	28,200	x	x	x	40,000	46,400	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	725	375	355	x	x	x	1,090,850	548,795	542,060
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	36,400	28,400	x	x	x	43,600	52,800	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	615	320	295	x	x	x	923,490	475,205	448,285
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	32,400	31,600	x	x	x	44,800	53,600	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	740	380	365	x	x	x	1,003,255	489,055	514,200
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,480	1,050	4,640	x	x	x	1,190	960	3,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	55	20	30	x	x	x	85,480	38,765	46,720
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	3,080	5,680	x	x	x	6,450	5,680	7,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	860	425	440	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,155	647,220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	815	395	420	x	x	x	1,186,410	585,100	601,310
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	47,400	36,800	x	x	x	65,500	80,000	51,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	815	395	420	x	x	x	1,186,820	585,185	601,635
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,900	41,400	32,600	x	x	x	52,650	62,600	43,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	700	355	350	x	x	x	1,091,545	549,110	542,435
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,300	48,200	36,200	x	x	x	65,600	80,800	50,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	615	320	295	x	x	x	923,490	475,385	448,110
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	48,400	39,200	x	x	x	64,100	77,600	49,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	715	360	355	x	x	x	1,003,375	489,190	514,180
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,350	4,800	7,920	x	x	x	6,130	5,076	7,130
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55	25	30	x	x	x	84,820	38,275	46,545
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	3,400	8,000	x	x	x	8,200	7,120	9,080
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	860	425	435	x	x	x	1,278,370	631,155	647,215
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	265	125	140	x	x	x	428,265	243,165	185,105
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	60,400	47,600	x	x	x	70,500	78,500	62,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,200	64,000	54,000	x	x	x	92,000	105,800	74,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	225	140	85	x	x	x	353,070	163,500	189,570
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	18,200	23,600	x	x	x	28,800	33,200	25,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,200	33,500	24,800	x	x	x	43,720	53,050	35,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.8	91.0	82.0	x	x	x	92.0	94.6	88.2
Employment income (%)	79.0	82.0	75.0	x	x	x	76.2	78.8	72.2
Government transfers (%)	13.2	9.1	18.2	x	x	x	7.9	5.3	11.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.4	1.6	x	x	x	0.9	0.6	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	275	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	x	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	x	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	25	...	...	x	...	...	151,765	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	x	...	...	50,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	x	...	...	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	255	...	...	x	...	...	452,860	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	x	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	x	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	290	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	x	...	...	131,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	x	...	...	106,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	x	...	...	151,830	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	x	...	...	67,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	x	...	...	55,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	265	...	...	x	...	...	452,795	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	x	...	...	152,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	x	...	...	123,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	275	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	x	...	...	6,730	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	3,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	4,475	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	6,245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	16,055	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	16,860	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	14,380	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	16,415	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	17,790	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	17,750	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	36,405	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	37,740	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	37,230	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	35,705	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	34,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	175	...	...	x	...	...	303,255	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	40	...	...	x	...	...	74,975	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	40	...	...	x	...	...	58,215	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	45	...	...	x	...	...	76,310	...	...
$200,000 and over	50	...	...	x	...	...	93,755	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	275	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	x	...	...	7,625	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	3,380	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	4,615	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	6,745	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	17,335	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	19,015	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	16,770	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	19,345	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	21,320	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	21,155	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	44,695	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	45,520	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	44,095	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	42,705	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	38,715	...	...
$100,000 and over	160	...	...	x	...	...	251,600	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	50	...	...	x	...	...	78,970	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35	...	...	x	...	...	56,565	...	...
$150,000 and over	75	...	...	x	...	...	116,060	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	255	...	...	x	...	...	431,155	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	x	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	x	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.9	...	...	...	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	x	...	...	151,045	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	x	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	x	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	...	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	170	...	...	x	...	...	209,715	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	x	...	...	144,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	x	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.6	...	...	...	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	x	...	...	56,700	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	x	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	x	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	...	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	55	25	25	0	0	0	223,225	113,580	109,645
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	26,400	22,800	48,400	x	x	x	44,400	46,000	43,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	26,400	22,400	44,000	x	x	x	40,000	40,800	38,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	270	...	...	x	...	...	431,010	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	x	...	...	153,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	x	...	...	123,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	x	...	...	151,205	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	x	...	...	141,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	x	...	...	113,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	170	...	...	x	...	...	209,670	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	x	...	...	180,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	x	...	...	144,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	x	...	...	56,445	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	x	...	...	90,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	x	...	...	78,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	45	25	20	x	x	x	223,320	113,715	109,605
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,000	24,000	48,000	x	x	x	60,050	61,950	58,050
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	22,000	44,000	x	x	x	49,640	50,640	48,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,045	530	520	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,210	789,725
0 to 17 years	195	95	90	x	x	x	349,785	179,925	169,860
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	x	x	x	109,785	56,290	53,495
18 to 64 years	665	345	325	x	x	x	1,013,015	502,890	510,125
65 years and over	185	90	100	x	x	x	209,135	99,390	109,740
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	50	20	30	x	x	x	134,160	64,550	69,610
0 to 17 years	15	5	5	x	x	x	35,370	18,260	17,110
0 to 5 years	5	5	5	x	x	x	11,490	5,880	5,610
18 to 64 years	25	15	10	x	x	x	78,110	37,880	40,225
65 years and over	15	0	10	x	x	x	20,680	8,400	12,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.8	4.4	5.2	x	x	x	8.5	8.3	8.8
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	6.0	5.0	x	x	x	10.1	10.2	10.1
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	4.5	3.2	x	x	x	7.7	7.5	7.9
65 years and over (%)	8.0	x	12.0	x	x	x	9.9	8.5	11.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,045	525	515	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,210	789,725
0 to 17 years	195	100	95	x	x	x	349,790	179,930	169,855
0 to 5 years	35	25	15	x	x	x	109,785	56,290	53,500
18 to 64 years	670	345	325	x	x	x	1,013,015	502,890	510,130
65 years and over	190	85	100	x	x	x	209,130	99,390	109,740
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	40	25	20	x	x	x	81,680	42,310	39,370
0 to 17 years	5	5	5	x	x	x	18,085	9,305	8,780
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,625	2,890	2,730
18 to 64 years	30	15	10	x	x	x	57,155	29,990	27,170
65 years and over	10	0	5	x	x	x	6,440	3,015	3,420
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0	4.4	3.6	x	x	x	5.2	5.4	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	5.0	x	x	x	x	5.2	5.2	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	5.0	3.2	x	x	x	5.6	6.0	5.3
65 years and over (%)	3.0	x	5.0	x	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,050	530	520	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,210	789,725
In bottom half of the distribution	440	230	210	x	x	x	673,690	328,825	344,865
In bottom decile	45	25	20	x	x	x	124,250	62,485	61,770
In second decile	45	25	25	x	x	x	132,700	62,320	70,380
In third decile	90	50	45	x	x	x	133,855	64,900	68,960
In fourth decile	105	50	50	x	x	x	138,980	68,120	70,855
In fifth decile	155	75	75	x	x	x	143,905	71,000	72,900
In top half of the distribution	610	300	305	x	x	x	898,245	453,385	444,865
In sixth decile	110	55	60	x	x	x	150,845	75,135	75,710
In seventh decile	140	65	75	x	x	x	155,985	78,075	77,910
In eighth decile	110	55	50	x	x	x	164,975	82,995	81,980
In ninth decile	150	70	70	x	x	x	181,315	91,520	89,795
In top decile	105	55	50	x	x	x	245,130	125,660	119,470
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,045	...	...	x	...	...	1,571,935	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.270	...	...	x	...	...	0.374	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.380	...	...	x	...	...	0.467	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.241	...	...	x	...	...	0.326	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.7	...	...	x	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,045	525	515	100	20	75	1,578,665	784,990	793,675
English only	920	475	445	100	20	75	1,440,365	723,615	716,745
French only	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	425	555
English and French	20	10	10	0	0	0	103,090	47,140	55,945
Neither English nor French	110	45	60	0	0	0	34,235	13,810	20,420
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,045	525	515	100	20	75	1,578,665	784,990	793,675
English	935	480	450	100	20	75	1,517,390	757,800	759,590
French	5	5	0	0	0	0	20,675	10,250	10,425
English and French	5	0	0	0	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675
Neither English nor French	110	45	60	0	0	0	33,340	13,355	19,985
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,045	525	515	100	20	75	1,578,665	784,990	793,675
Single responses	930	465	465	100	20	75	1,505,615	749,475	756,135
Official languages	320	165	150	55	15	40	1,090,565	550,685	539,875
English	315	165	150	55	15	40	1,070,475	540,715	529,760
French	5	0	0	0	0	0	20,090	9,970	10,115
Non-official languages	615	305	315	40	5	35	415,050	198,790	216,260
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	270	380
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	180	265
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	35
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	80
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Non-Indigenous languages	615	305	315	40	5	35	414,405	198,525	215,885
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	0	0	0	35,495	18,255	17,240
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	75	65
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	85
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	700	700
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	800	815
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5
Semitic languages	20	5	10	0	0	0	32,085	16,545	15,535
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345
Arabic	20	5	10	0	0	0	21,355	11,215	10,145
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	325	340
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	175	170
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	55
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	240	240
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	25	35	0	0	0	14,785	6,645	8,140
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	465
Vietnamese	60	25	35	0	0	0	13,810	6,185	7,625
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50
Austronesian languages	25	10	15	0	0	0	55,755	24,650	31,110
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	130
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	415	555
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	460	610
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	280	420
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	80	115
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	240	265
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	15	0	0	0	45,300	20,005	25,290
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	195	270
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	300	310
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	180	180
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	685	610
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	70	55
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	475	235	235	40	5	35	203,750	100,055	103,695
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	725	650
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	135	140
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	5	0	0	0	30,225	13,960	16,270
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	225	260
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	100
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	145	160
Slavic languages	15	5	5	0	0	0	29,740	13,735	16,005
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	410	405
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	645	760
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	75
Polish	5	5	5	0	0	0	7,595	3,540	4,050
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	435	460
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	950	980
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	545	545
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	55
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	17,580	8,490	9,090
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	180
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	595	640
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	20
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	135	165
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	635	650
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	395	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	90	115
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
Greek	0	0	0	40	5	35	1,520	710	805
Indo-Iranian languages	445	225	220	0	0	0	106,625	53,665	52,955
Indo-Aryan languages	425	215	210	0	0	0	93,240	46,930	46,305
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230
Gujarati	25	10	20	0	0	0	6,565	3,380	3,180
Hindi	20	10	10	0	0	0	8,495	4,290	4,205
Kacchi	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,080	475	605
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	90
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	500	495
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	340	175	165	0	0	0	49,105	24,690	24,420
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	160	145
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	505	525
Urdu	15	5	5	0	0	0	17,875	8,975	8,905
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	340	305
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	13,350	6,720	6,630
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	540	565
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Pashto	5	5	0	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990
Persian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	10,100	5,080	5,020
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,345	685	660
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	45,970	22,265	23,700
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315
Spanish	15	10	5	0	0	0	32,170	15,475	16,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	360	340
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	400	375
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	95	100
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	185
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	385	410
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	970	875
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	375	395
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	665	650
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	305	250
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	170	215
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	160	160
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	25
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	130
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	110
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	10	20	0	0	0	68,720	31,925	36,790
Chinese languages	35	10	20	0	0	0	67,430	31,300	36,130
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155
Mandarin	5	0	5	0	0	0	31,950	14,765	17,190
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	520	710
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	130
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0	0	0	32,755	15,315	17,435
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	390	470
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	600	640
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	85
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	320	325
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	435	800
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	220	245
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	205	535
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	135	110
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	770	635
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	105	200
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35
Multiple responses	115	60	50	0	0	0	73,050	35,515	37,535
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,360	3,080	3,285
English and non-official language(s)	105	55	45	0	0	0	58,650	28,715	29,930
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	605	630
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,130	525	605
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	5,680	2,595	3,085
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,045	525	515	100	20	75	1,578,665	784,990	793,675
English	265	135	130	80	15	60	1,104,225	556,180	548,045
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390
Non-official language	260	125	135	5	0	5	127,600	60,835	66,760
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30
Non-Indigenous	260	125	135	5	0	5	127,540	60,810	66,730
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,755	6,925	7,835
English and non-official language(s)	490	260	235	15	5	10	306,635	148,985	157,650
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	255	315
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0	0	0	12,395	5,820	6,575
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,045	525	515	100	20	75	1,578,665	784,990	793,675
Single responses	920	470	450	85	20	70	1,503,115	748,130	754,985
Official languages	420	215	205	80	20	65	1,243,700	622,455	621,250
English	420	215	205	80	20	65	1,236,475	618,890	617,585
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,230	3,560	3,665
Non-official languages	495	250	245	5	0	5	259,415	125,675	133,740
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	65
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	495	250	245	5	0	5	259,295	125,620	133,675
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	22,515	11,260	11,260
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	70
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	505	505
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	470	535
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	20,280	10,165	10,115
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500
Arabic	10	5	5	0	0	0	12,825	6,490	6,335
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	250	265
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	130	135
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	125
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	30	0	0	0	9,940	4,535	5,405
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	205	260
Vietnamese	45	20	25	0	0	0	9,395	4,280	5,110
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35
Austronesian languages	20	5	10	0	0	0	35,275	16,595	18,675
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	240	265
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	580	605
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	295
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	130
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	10	0	0	0	29,630	13,885	15,750
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	110
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	160	180
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	60
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	95	95
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	940	960
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,495	760	730
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	390	395
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	390	205	185	5	0	5	122,940	60,715	62,220
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	330	295
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	14,005	6,710	7,295
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	105
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	70
Slavic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	13,790	6,605	7,190
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	180	195
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	190	220
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40
Polish	0	5	5	0	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	180	185
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	375
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	460	465
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	190	215
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	470	515
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	15
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	825	880
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	785	845
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	530	590
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	305	330
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	210	245
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	75	90
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Greek	0	0	0	5	0	5	480	215	265
Indo-Iranian languages	370	190	175	0	0	0	79,180	39,590	39,590
Indo-Aryan languages	350	185	170	0	0	0	70,335	35,225	35,110
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520
Gujarati	10	5	5	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045
Hindi	15	10	10	0	0	0	5,510	2,770	2,740
Kacchi	10	5	5	0	0	0	580	245	340
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	285	285
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	815	775
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	300	160	140	0	0	0	40,675	20,425	20,245
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	85
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	270	285
Urdu	15	10	5	0	0	0	12,930	6,420	6,510
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	175	185
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	8,825	4,360	4,475
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	360	395
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pashto	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,250	635	615
Persian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	6,765	3,325	3,435
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	905	970
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	460	455
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	25,440	12,340	13,100
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	450	550
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085
Spanish	10	5	5	0	0	0	19,825	9,605	10,215
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	495	665
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	135	170
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	170
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	100	100
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	315	345
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	90
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	360	360
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	190	150
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	145
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	65
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sign languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	450	260	190
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0	355	205	150
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	47,945	22,570	25,375
Chinese languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	47,025	22,110	24,915
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	50
Mandarin	5	0	5	0	0	0	23,970	11,440	12,530
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	185	280
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10	0	0	0	21,815	10,130	11,685
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	225	275
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	460	455
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	235
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	230	270
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	600	580
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	480	455
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	575	625
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	540	590
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Multiple responses	130	60	65	10	5	5	75,555	36,865	38,685
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520
English and non-official language(s)	125	60	70	10	5	5	69,995	34,230	35,770
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	140
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	760	875
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,050	530	515	100	20	75	1,578,665	784,995	793,670
None	620	305	315	90	20	70	1,298,665	649,700	648,965
English	170	95	75	0	0	0	104,745	51,660	53,085
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,450	5,290	6,160
Non-official language	200	100	100	5	0	5	127,610	60,685	66,920
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	285	350
Non-Indigenous	200	100	100	5	0	5	126,970	60,410	66,565
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	640	705
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0	0	0	16,885	8,395	8,490
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	120	95
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0	0	0	14,095	6,810	7,285
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,030	510	520	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,265	789,665
Official languages	925	460	470	x	x	x	1,537,720	768,345	769,380
English	925	460	470	x	x	x	1,536,650	767,865	768,785
French	25	0	20	x	x	x	103,915	47,090	56,830
Non-official languages	775	385	390	x	x	x	562,910	270,945	291,960
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,740	685	1,050
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,155	440	720
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x	470	190	280
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	605	245	360
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	605	245	360
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	15	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	260	80	185
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	25	10
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	270	115	155
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	15
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	15
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	40	85
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	40	85
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	x	x	x	55	10	45
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	60	20	40
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	235	95	135
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	225	90	135
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	15	20
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	10
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	170	70	100
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	10	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	10	30
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	10	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	10	20
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	20	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	230	115	115
Assiniboine	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	15
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	20	15
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x	175	90	90
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	20	15
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	15
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	15
Non-Indigenous languages	775	385	390	x	x	x	561,340	270,320	291,010
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	54,595	28,250	26,345
Berber languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	300	185	110
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x	185	100	85
Tamazight	0	0	0	x	x	x	80	60	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	30	10
Chadic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	365	225	145
Hausa	0	0	0	x	x	x	360	220	145
Mina	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	x	x	x	85	35	45
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,720	2,480	2,245
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x	235	130	105
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,115	1,125	990
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,430	1,265	1,170
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	10	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	50,645	26,150	24,495
Amharic	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,465	4,170	4,295
Arabic	0	0	0	x	x	x	35,250	18,505	16,750
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	850	490	360
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x	365	215	145
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x	380	215	165
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	120	65	55
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x	80	45	35
Hebrew	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,110	1,085	1,025
Maltese	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	30	20
Tigrigna	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,675	3,920	3,755
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	90	40
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35	x	x	x	20,885	9,635	11,250
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,270	610	655
Vietnamese	70	35	35	x	x	x	19,415	8,900	10,515
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x	280	160	120
Austronesian languages	60	20	40	x	x	x	76,815	33,930	42,890
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x	635	325	305
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,175	510	660
Cebuano	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,705	1,700	2,000
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x	90	50	40
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,455	620	835
Ilocano	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,615	2,860	3,755
Indonesian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,290	595	695
Kankanaey	0	0	0	x	x	x	250	105	145
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	x	x	x	85	50	35
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	45	20	25
Merina	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	15	15
Malay	0	0	0	x	x	x	810	370	445
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,200	520	675
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x	550	285	260
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	15	40	x	x	x	72,900	32,140	40,755
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	x	x	x	460	225	235
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,975	875	1,100
Creole languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,105	1,065	1,035
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x	625	330	300
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x	160	70	90
Krio	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	60	65
Morisyen	0	0	0	x	x	x	360	175	185
Sango	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	480	275	205
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	535	260	280
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,600	5,455	5,140
Kannada	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,100	560	540
Malayalam	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,955	2,035	1,920
Tamil	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,435	2,275	2,160
Telugu	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,440	1,295	1,145
Tulu	0	0	0	x	x	x	75	35	40
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	15	10
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x	220	120	100
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	560	285	265	x	x	x	286,570	140,880	145,685
Albanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,865	1,015	855
Armenian	0	0	0	x	x	x	465	265	200
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	15	x	x	x	37,905	17,730	20,175
Baltic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	540	245	295
Latvian	0	0	0	x	x	x	170	75	95
Lithuanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	370	170	205
Slavic languages	20	10	15	x	x	x	37,610	17,610	20,005
Belarusian	0	0	0	x	x	x	100	35	65
Bulgarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,020	460	560
Czech	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,215	1,125	1,090
Macedonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	335	160	175
Polish	15	0	10	x	x	x	9,380	4,430	4,950
Russian	0	0	0	x	x	x	15,410	7,245	8,165
Rusyn	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,725	3,165	3,560
Bosnian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,790	855	935
Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,390	1,585	1,805
Serbian	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,095	1,465	1,630
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	120	55	65
Slovak	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,530	715	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	x	x	x	335	130	205
Ukrainian	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,845	2,125	2,720
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	495	275	220
Irish	0	0	0	x	x	x	235	135	100
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	x	x	x	100	45	55
Welsh	0	0	0	x	x	x	155	95	65
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	15	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	27,795	13,485	14,310
Frisian	0	0	0	x	x	x	85	25	55
High German languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	18,325	8,925	9,400
German	0	0	0	x	x	x	17,910	8,715	9,200
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	x	x	x	615	280	330
Yiddish	0	0	0	x	x	x	120	75	45
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,180	4,120	4,060
Afrikaans	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,455	1,270	1,190
Dutch	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,235	2,625	2,610
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	90	60	35
Low Saxon	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	x	x	x	380	165	215
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	x	x	x	155	85	75
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,390	1,100	1,290
Danish	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,245	635	615
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x	60	15	40
Norwegian	0	0	0	x	x	x	470	185	285
Swedish	0	0	0	x	x	x	715	315	395
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	25	15
Greek	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,370	1,185	1,180
Indo-Iranian languages	540	280	255	x	x	x	143,590	72,720	70,870
Indo-Aryan languages	480	255	225	x	x	x	128,685	65,260	63,425
Assamese	0	0	0	x	x	x	80	45	35
Bengali	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,180	3,115	3,065
Gujarati	30	15	20	x	x	x	11,255	5,745	5,515
Hindi	110	55	55	x	x	x	45,340	22,980	22,370
Kacchi	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,325	1,035	1,300
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x	210	100	110
Konkani	0	0	0	x	x	x	460	215	250
Marathi	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,295	1,185	1,110
Nepali	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,010	1,565	1,450
Oriya languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	105	45	55
Odia	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	10	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	85	40	50
Punjabi (Panjabi)	435	230	205	x	x	x	68,525	34,920	33,610
Rohingya	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	x	x	x	685	385	300
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,450	700	750
Urdu	40	30	10	x	x	x	31,710	16,195	15,515
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,400	750	650
Iranian languages	60	30	30	x	x	x	17,245	8,665	8,570
Baluchi	0	0	0	x	x	x	70	40	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,425	720	705
Parsi	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	0
Pashto	45	25	20	x	x	x	2,985	1,510	1,475
Persian languages	35	15	20	x	x	x	13,270	6,700	6,570
Dari	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,765	2,320	2,440
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,985	3,590	3,390
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	x	x	x	1,715	895	820
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	160	75	80
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	165	90	75
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	80,155	38,210	41,945
Catalan	0	0	0	x	x	x	110	45	65
Italian	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,805	4,810	4,985
Portuguese	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,925	3,405	3,515
Romanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,990	3,045	2,950
Spanish	0	0	0	x	x	x	60,770	28,640	32,125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	145	90	50
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	170	80	90
Japanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,255	2,315	2,945
Korean	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,375	5,785	6,590
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x	645	300	345
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	18,385	9,360	9,025
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,400	720	680
Bamanankan	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	20	15
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x	360	190	170
Éwé	0	0	0	x	x	x	115	55	60
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	x	x	x	190	120	70
Ga	0	0	0	x	x	x	300	150	155
Ganda	0	0	0	x	x	x	115	65	50
Gikuyu	0	0	0	x	x	x	180	85	95
Igbo	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,040	1,595	1,450
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	x	x	x	300	140	155
Lingala	0	0	0	x	x	x	405	190	215
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	x	x	x	75	25	50
Mòoré	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	10	0
Mwani	0	0	0	x	x	x	270	150	120
Ndebele	0	0	0	x	x	x	175	90	80
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	165	90	75
Shona	0	0	0	x	x	x	670	325	345
Soninke	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	15
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	120	60	55
Swahili	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,435	1,805	1,630
Wojenaka	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	25	10
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x	250	145	105
Yoruba	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,365	3,135	3,225
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,555	1,280	1,275
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,895	965	935
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x	860	455	405
Nuer	0	0	0	x	x	x	440	200	240
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	610	315	295
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	190	90	95
Sign languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,210	785	1,430
American Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,875	645	1,230
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	395	185	215
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	35	45	x	x	x	82,875	39,220	43,660
Chinese languages	80	35	45	x	x	x	81,080	38,330	42,750
Hakka	0	0	0	x	x	x	405	170	235
Mandarin	0	0	0	x	x	x	46,460	21,635	24,825
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	25	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,385	1,045	1,340
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	340	140	195
Yue (Cantonese)	80	35	45	x	x	x	42,910	20,105	22,800
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	880	420	460
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	45	20	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,820	895	925
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x	520	255	265
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	60	70
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	365	180	190
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	x	x	x	295	145	150
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	85	35	50
Tibetan	0	0	0	x	x	x	765	395	370
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	165	70	90
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,900	780	1,120
Lao	0	0	0	x	x	x	685	350	330
Thai	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,355	505	850
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	60	25	40
Turkic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,545	1,855	1,695
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	x	x	x	550	285	270
Kazakh	0	0	0	x	x	x	170	75	95
Turkish	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,625	1,470	1,155
Uyghur	0	0	0	x	x	x	110	30	80
Uzbek	0	0	0	x	x	x	185	80	105
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	130	65	65
Uralic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,400	2,050	2,350
Estonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	165	70	95
Finnish	0	0	0	x	x	x	435	210	230
Hungarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,810	1,780	2,030
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	525	295	235
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,030	510	520	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,265	789,665
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	53,700	25,250	28,450
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	51,520	24,220	27,300
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	x	x	x	22,470	10,235	12,230
Métis	0	0	0	x	x	x	28,475	13,685	14,790
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	x	x	x	575	290	280
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,130	525	610
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,050	505	540
Non-Indigenous identity	1,025	505	520	x	x	x	1,518,235	757,015	761,220
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,030	510	520	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,265	789,665
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	17,145	7,900	9,240
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,025	505	520	x	x	x	1,554,790	774,360	780,425
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	290	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...
Owner	265	...	...	x	...	...	431,680	...	...
Renter	30	...	...	x	...	...	172,945	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	x	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	290	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...
Condominium	15	...	...	x	...	...	138,505	...	...
Not condominium	280	...	...	x	...	...	466,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	290	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	x	...	...	3,180	...	...
1 bedroom	20	...	...	x	...	...	63,480	...	...
2 bedrooms	0	...	...	x	...	...	132,670	...	...
3 bedrooms	95	...	...	x	...	...	208,570	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	180	...	...	x	...	...	196,735	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	290	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	40	...	...	x	...	...	168,320	...	...
5 rooms	65	...	...	x	...	...	92,700	...	...
6 rooms	45	...	...	x	...	...	85,005	...	...
7 rooms	35	...	...	x	...	...	74,790	...	...
8 or more rooms	105	...	...	x	...	...	183,815	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	x	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	290	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...
One person or fewer per room	260	...	...	x	...	...	587,240	...	...
More than one person per room	30	...	...	x	...	...	17,390	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	290	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...
Suitable	275	...	...	x	...	...	576,220	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	x	...	...	28,410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	290	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...
1960 or before	10	...	...	x	...	...	48,925	...	...
1961 to 1980	0	...	...	x	...	...	146,775	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	x	...	...	67,920	...	...
1991 to 2000	215	...	...	x	...	...	93,515	...	...
2001 to 2005	40	...	...	x	...	...	63,060	...	...
2006 to 2010	10	...	...	x	...	...	64,550	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	x	...	...	62,005	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	x	...	...	57,870	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	290	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	290	...	...	x	...	...	578,295	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...	x	...	...	26,340	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	290	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...
One-maintainer household	85	...	...	x	...	...	286,505	...	...
Two-maintainer household	135	...	...	x	...	...	282,890	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	75	...	...	x	...	...	35,230	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	290	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	x	...	...	15,275	...	...
25 to 34 years	0	...	...	x	...	...	95,360	...	...
35 to 44 years	55	...	...	x	...	...	132,875	...	...
45 to 54 years	55	...	...	x	...	...	121,200	...	...
55 to 64 years	100	...	...	x	...	...	114,325	...	...
65 to 74 years	60	...	...	x	...	...	78,705	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	x	...	...	34,680	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	x	...	...	12,200	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	295	...	...	x	...	...	599,605	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	245	...	...	x	...	...	466,085	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	50	...	...	x	...	...	133,520	...	...
30% to less than 100%	45	...	...	x	...	...	119,800	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	290	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	x	...	...	174,520	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	40	...	...	x	...	...	121,340	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	x	...	...	22,225	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	x	...	...	17,480	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	x	...	...	4,610	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	x	...	...	7,285	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	x	...	...	1,295	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	x	...	...	280	...	...
Acceptable housing	230	...	...	x	...	...	430,110	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	290	...	...	x	...	...	585,885	...	...
In core need	25	...	...	x	...	...	55,440	...	...
Not in core need	265	...	...	x	...	...	530,445	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	265	...	...	x	...	...	429,490	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.5	...	...	x	...	...	65.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.2	...	...	x	...	...	17.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.7	...	...	x	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...	x	...	...	1,740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,560	...	...	x	...	...	1,792	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	x	...	...	452,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	x	...	...	529,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25	...	...	x	...	...	172,840	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	x	...	...	8.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	x	...	...	34.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	x	...	...	20.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...	1,350	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,900	...	...	x	...	...	1,414	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	x	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	x	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	x	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	x	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,030	505	520	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,270	789,670
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	17,860	8,295	9,570
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	x	x	x	17,385	8,070	9,315
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,610	5,320	6,285
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,625	2,660	2,960
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	x	x	x	155	85	65
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	480	225	255
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	460	210	250
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	x	x	x	47,230	22,330	24,905
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	x	x	x	45,875	21,725	24,145
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	25,470	12,020	13,445
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	19,960	9,480	10,475
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	450	230	225
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,355	600	760
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,230	550	680
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	60	20	35
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	30	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	15
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,020	505	520	x	x	x	1,506,840	751,645	755,195
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,030	505	520	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,265	789,670
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	870	415	450	x	x	x	1,397,315	698,330	698,985
Canadian citizens aged under 18	190	90	95	x	x	x	325,765	167,940	157,820
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	680	325	355	x	x	x	1,071,555	530,390	541,165
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	155	95	70	x	x	x	174,615	83,940	90,680
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,030	505	520	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,265	789,670
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	460	235	225	x	x	x	1,069,940	539,680	530,260
Immigrants⁸¹	545	255	290	x	x	x	473,580	227,640	245,935
Before 1980	60	20	40	x	x	x	56,750	27,435	29,320
1980 to 1990	145	70	75	x	x	x	44,975	21,950	23,020
1991 to 2000	90	35	50	x	x	x	67,220	32,280	34,935
2001 to 2010	180	85	95	x	x	x	127,170	61,140	66,030
2011 to 2021⁸²	80	50	30	x	x	x	177,465	84,835	92,630
2011 to 2015	50	35	10	x	x	x	89,810	43,015	46,795
2016 to 2021	30	15	15	x	x	x	87,650	41,815	45,835
Non-permanent residents⁸³	25	20	10	x	x	x	28,410	14,945	13,470
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	545	260	290	x	x	x	473,580	227,640	245,935
Under 5 years	20	10	10	x	x	x	41,205	20,985	20,220
5 to 14 years	55	30	25	x	x	x	79,795	41,370	38,425
15 to 24 years	140	55	80	x	x	x	82,830	37,905	44,930
25 to 44 years	250	130	125	x	x	x	223,080	105,885	117,190
45 years and over	85	40	45	x	x	x	46,670	21,495	25,170
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	545	260	290	x	x	x	473,580	227,640	245,935
Americas	0	0	0	x	x	x	50,280	23,315	26,970
Brazil	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,205	965	1,245
Colombia	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,240	2,860	3,380
El Salvador	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,755	1,300	1,455
Guyana	0	0	0	x	x	x	810	375	430
Haiti	0	0	0	x	x	x	565	320	250
Jamaica	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,605	1,735	1,870
Mexico	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,740	2,810	2,930
Peru	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,140	515	625
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,470	720	750
United States of America	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,395	5,940	7,455
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,355	5,775	6,585
Europe	30	0	20	x	x	x	83,855	41,815	42,040
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,225	1,075	1,145
Croatia	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,510	705	800
France	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,455	735	720
Germany	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,175	2,815	3,355
Greece	0	0	0	x	x	x	955	505	450
Hungary	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,780	865	915
Italy	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,430	1,805	1,625
Netherlands	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,730	1,920	1,805
Poland	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,520	3,025	3,495
Portugal	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,180	610	575
Romania	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,435	2,225	2,210
Russian Federation	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,540	1,930	2,610
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,060	505	560
Ukraine	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,355	1,510	1,845
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	27,675	14,575	13,095
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	x	x	x	13,840	7,005	6,835
Africa	35	20	15	x	x	x	55,355	27,975	27,385
Algeria	0	0	0	x	x	x	650	320	330
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	x	x	x	905	445	455
Egypt	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,500	1,840	1,665
Eritrea	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,785	2,505	2,280
Ethiopia	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,180	3,485	3,700
Morocco	0	0	0	x	x	x	950	485	460
Nigeria	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,365	6,835	6,530
Somalia	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,595	780	815
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,010	2,070	1,940
Other places of birth in Africa	35	20	15	x	x	x	18,410	9,205	9,210
Asia	485	230	250	x	x	x	279,930	132,545	147,390
Afghanistan	40	20	15	x	x	x	4,275	2,115	2,160
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,720	2,990	2,730
Iraq	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,070	2,070	2,000
Lebanon	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,455	2,410	2,050
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,455	2,320	2,130
Turkey	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,105	545	555
China⁹⁰	25	15	15	x	x	x	36,925	16,915	20,015
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,965	5,240	5,725
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,690	4,045	4,645
Taiwan	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,210	935	1,270
Philippines	45	20	30	x	x	x	71,315	31,605	39,715
Viet Nam	75	30	40	x	x	x	16,350	7,325	9,030
Bangladesh	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,630	1,845	1,785
India	250	125	120	x	x	x	61,580	30,730	30,850
Pakistan	25	10	15	x	x	x	19,425	9,810	9,615
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,035	1,005	1,025
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	x	x	x	22,735	10,640	12,090
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,150	2,000	2,150
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	30	15	15	x	x	x	87,650	41,815	45,830
Americas	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,535	3,935	4,595
Brazil	0	0	0	x	x	x	915	390	525
Colombia	0	0	0	x	x	x	670	265	410
Haiti	0	0	0	x	x	x	110	60	45
Jamaica	0	0	0	x	x	x	555	260	295
Mexico	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,470	760	715
United States of America	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,490	1,160	1,330
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	915	400	515
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,415	645	770
Europe	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,510	3,815	3,695
France	0	0	0	x	x	x	245	115	130
Germany	0	0	0	x	x	x	280	130	150
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	495	320	170
Italy	0	0	0	x	x	x	290	175	115
Russian Federation	0	0	0	x	x	x	690	245	445
Ukraine	0	0	0	x	x	x	760	340	425
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,820	1,000	825
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,930	1,485	1,445
Africa	0	0	0	x	x	x	15,820	7,845	7,980
Algeria	0	0	0	x	x	x	60	15	50
Burundi	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	15	25
Cameroon	0	0	0	x	x	x	430	190	235
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	x	x	x	160	85	80
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	x	x	x	55	30	20
Egypt	0	0	0	x	x	x	615	300	310
Eritrea	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,545	1,340	1,205
Ethiopia	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,855	885	965
Morocco	0	0	0	x	x	x	230	105	125
Nigeria	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,175	3,045	3,130
Somalia	0	0	0	x	x	x	310	140	170
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	x	x	x	830	440	385
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	460	220	235
Tunisia	0	0	0	x	x	x	95	65	30
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,965	970	1,000
Asia	25	10	10	x	x	x	55,100	25,850	29,250
Afghanistan	0	0	0	x	x	x	865	415	455
Bangladesh	0	0	0	x	x	x	640	315	325
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,625	2,440	3,180
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	315	120	195
India	15	10	10	x	x	x	14,870	7,455	7,420
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	870	415	450
Iraq	0	0	0	x	x	x	955	450	510
Israel	0	0	0	x	x	x	345	195	155
Japan	0	0	0	x	x	x	170	25	150
Jordan	0	0	0	x	x	x	165	90	70
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,825	780	1,050
Lebanon	0	0	0	x	x	x	455	220	235
Nepal	0	0	0	x	x	x	550	280	265
Pakistan	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,395	1,145	1,245
Philippines	0	0	0	x	x	x	17,470	7,940	9,535
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	x	x	x	270	160	105
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	x	x	x	185	100	85
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,135	1,645	1,490
Turkey	0	0	0	x	x	x	405	175	225
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	x	x	x	370	205	170
Viet Nam	0	0	0	x	x	x	980	320	660
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,240	955	1,290
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	x	x	x	690	375	310
Australia	0	0	0	x	x	x	480	255	230
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	205	125	85
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,030	510	520	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,265	789,665
First generation¹⁰⁰	575	270	300	x	x	x	518,345	251,010	267,335
Second generation¹⁰¹	320	160	165	x	x	x	329,675	166,505	163,165
Third generation or more¹⁰²	130	75	55	x	x	x	723,920	364,750	359,170
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	490	240	245	x	x	x	416,830	200,210	216,615
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	175	90	85	x	x	x	235,880	118,150	117,730
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	70	45	20	x	x	x	95,815	58,035	37,780
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	100	45	65	x	x	x	140,065	60,120	79,950
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	225	100	130	x	x	x	117,720	48,395	69,330
Refugees¹⁰⁸	90	55	40	x	x	x	58,995	31,595	27,395
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,230	2,070	2,165
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	490	240	245	x	x	x	416,830	200,210	216,615
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	20	10	x	x	x	14,765	8,620	6,145
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	25	15	10	x	x	x	53,180	23,440	29,750
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,665	5,460	5,205
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	0	x	x	x	23,590	12,265	11,320
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,565	670	895
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	415	195	220	x	x	x	313,060	149,760	163,300
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,030	510	520	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,265	789,665
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	870	430	440	x	x	x	575,650	282,735	292,910
South Asian	495	260	235	x	x	x	154,385	78,430	75,955
Chinese	55	30	25	x	x	x	93,975	45,570	48,410
Black	50	25	25	x	x	x	76,470	38,665	37,800
Filipino	80	25	50	x	x	x	92,235	42,365	49,880
Arab	0	0	0	x	x	x	32,660	17,235	15,425
Latin American	0	0	0	x	x	x	35,155	16,925	18,235
Southeast Asian	85	40	45	x	x	x	28,720	13,405	15,310
West Asian	75	35	40	x	x	x	15,765	8,040	7,720
Korean	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,150	6,285	6,865
Japanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,455	2,780	3,675
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,845	2,855	2,985
Multiple visible minorities	30	15	15	x	x	x	20,840	10,195	10,645
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	155	80	80	x	x	x	996,285	499,530	496,755
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,030	510	520	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,265	789,670
Canadian	70	40	30	x	x	x	168,075	87,325	80,750
English	25	0	20	x	x	x	276,300	136,835	139,465
Irish	15	10	0	x	x	x	202,260	98,040	104,225
Scottish	15	10	0	x	x	x	235,385	115,820	119,575
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20	15	0	x	x	x	104,160	50,935	53,225
German	30	25	0	x	x	x	197,770	97,860	99,910
Chinese	100	35	65	x	x	x	99,705	48,045	51,650
Italian	0	0	0	x	x	x	44,840	22,330	22,510
Indian (India)	240	120	120	x	x	x	77,900	39,545	38,355
Ukrainian	15	10	0	x	x	x	89,615	43,675	45,940
Dutch	0	0	0	x	x	x	53,665	26,510	27,155
Polish	10	0	10	x	x	x	53,675	25,885	27,790
Québécois	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,965	990	970
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	x	x	x	53,825	27,135	26,690
Filipino	70	20	45	x	x	x	86,850	40,140	46,710
French Canadian	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,575	5,740	5,835
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	x	x	x	26,685	13,810	12,875
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	15,785	7,425	8,360
Métis	0	0	0	x	x	x	27,350	12,945	14,410
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	28,815	14,565	14,250
Russian	0	0	0	x	x	x	36,090	16,840	19,255
Norwegian	0	0	0	x	x	x	44,865	21,320	23,545
Welsh	0	0	0	x	x	x	27,905	13,365	14,540
Portuguese	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,110	4,060	4,045
American	0	0	0	x	x	x	23,975	11,565	12,415
Spanish	0	0	0	x	x	x	19,620	9,075	10,545
Swedish	0	0	0	x	x	x	28,290	13,540	14,750
Hungarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	20,785	10,045	10,740
Acadian	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,780	1,900	1,885
Pakistani	0	0	0	x	x	x	24,175	12,270	11,905
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	15,105	7,435	7,670
Jewish	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,450	3,730	3,715
Punjabi	110	65	45	x	x	x	20,085	10,145	9,940
Vietnamese	100	40	60	x	x	x	22,750	10,685	12,065
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,200	5,995	5,205
Greek	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,530	3,370	3,160
Jamaican	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,875	3,435	3,435
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	15,680	7,485	8,200
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,710	3,385	4,325
Korean	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,215	6,260	6,955
Romanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,805	6,050	6,760
Lebanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,885	6,725	6,160
Iranian	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,415	3,295	3,120
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,800	2,855	2,945
Danish	0	0	0	x	x	x	19,915	9,935	9,980
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,325	2,530	2,795
Sikh	100	55	50	x	x	x	16,100	8,300	7,800
Austrian	20	10	10	x	x	x	13,225	6,465	6,765
Belgian	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,255	3,475	3,780
Haitian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,120	570	555
Hindu	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,050	4,560	4,490
Mexican	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,145	4,490	4,655
Mennonite	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,145	2,565	2,580
Swiss	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,075	3,960	4,115
Finnish	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,840	3,325	3,515
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,095	1,040	1,050
Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,125	3,000	3,125
Japanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,860	3,910	4,950
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,040	2,520	2,525
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,845	905	945
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,605	4,150	4,455
Muslim	50	25	25	x	x	x	6,465	3,345	3,120
Egyptian	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,945	2,630	2,310
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,575	3,255	3,320
Tamil	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,450	760	690
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,935	4,120	3,825
Colombian	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,755	3,225	3,535
Moroccan	0	0	0	x	x	x	975	470	505
Czech	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,875	3,870	4,010
Syrian	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,405	2,245	2,160
Guyanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,350	665	680
Afghan	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,890	3,395	3,495
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,735	1,435	1,305
Serbian	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,345	1,585	1,760
Ojibway	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,440	725	715
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,060	1,090	965
Hong Konger	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,025	1,955	2,070
Ontarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,420	635	785
Persian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,845	1,525	1,320
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,805	900	910
Turkish	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,760	1,525	1,235
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	725	370	355
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,675	1,870	1,800
Algerian	0	0	0	x	x	x	665	335	330
Brazilian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,835	1,375	1,460
Nigerian	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,720	4,460	4,265
Armenian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,030	535	495
Slovak	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,430	2,200	2,225
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,085	1,440	1,645
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,855	1,485	1,370
Taiwanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,255	960	1,295
Iraqi	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,140	1,520	1,620
Salvadorean	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,660	1,315	1,345
African Caribbean	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,090	590	500
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,945	1,855	2,090
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,805	1,480	1,330
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,435	720	710
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x	555	245	320
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	x	x	x	975	430	540
Lithuanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,420	1,080	1,345
South African	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,795	1,905	1,890
Australian	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,840	1,970	1,870
Palestinian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,875	1,025	845
Chilean	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,325	1,765	1,560
Congolese	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,100	515	580
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,075	515	565
Ethiopian	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,810	3,265	3,545
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,210	1,515	1,690
Peruvian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,605	775	830
Yoruba	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,565	2,825	2,740
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,140	1,060	1,075
Berber	0	0	0	x	x	x	430	235	195
Albanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,920	1,065	855
Maltese	0	0	0	x	x	x	745	370	380
Macedonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	490	235	255
Slovenian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,820	900	915
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,440	1,165	1,275
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	x	x	x	535	215	320
Gujarati	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,790	925	860
Eritrean	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,425	2,745	2,680
African Canadian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,095	565	530
Israeli	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,175	610	565
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x	650	375	275
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,390	1,215	1,175
Bulgarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,390	670	720
Albertan	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,585	3,815	3,775
Ghanaian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,535	790	745
Barbadian	0	0	0	x	x	x	755	380	380
African American	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,150	555	590
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,370	725	645
Tunisian	0	0	0	x	x	x	300	150	155
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,440	755	695
Cuban	0	0	0	x	x	x	890	425	465
Bosnian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,170	1,030	1,140
Venezuelan	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,180	1,520	1,670
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	55	35	15
Latvian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,225	605	625
Bengali	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,245	615	630
Cameroonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,060	545	520
Guatemalan	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,380	655	730
Indonesian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,820	865	955
Laotian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,165	575	590
Ilocano	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,705	1,255	1,450
Northern Irish	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,140	560	575
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,015	505	515
British Columbian	0	0	0	x	x	x	660	370	290
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	x	x	x	420	220	200
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	150	100	50
Argentinian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,250	625	625
Estonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,175	565	610
Kurdish	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,120	555	565
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,250	590	660
Jatt	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,575	785	780
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	940	490	450
Coptic	0	0	0	x	x	x	455	230	225
Thai	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,395	430	965
Dominican	0	0	0	x	x	x	410	250	160
Nepali	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,340	1,200	1,135
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x	95	50	50
Assyrian	0	0	0	x	x	x	435	225	205
Igbo	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,480	1,820	1,665
Byelorussian	0	0	0	x	x	x	855	420	440
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	x	x	x	230	105	125
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,810	770	1,035
Abenaki	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	20	25
Moldovan	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,140	615	525
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	x	x	x	315	145	170
New Zealander	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,375	705	670
Sudanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,640	1,275	1,370
Breton	0	0	0	x	x	x	60	30	35
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	x	x	x	525	190	340
Malaysian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,260	615	650
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x	240	115	125
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	505	250	250
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	x	x	x	115	55	60
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,630	765	865
Buddhist	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,070	515	555
Gaspesian	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	0	10
Norman	0	0	0	x	x	x	185	115	65
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,285	655	630
Ivorian	0	0	0	x	x	x	225	115	110
Saulteaux	0	0	0	x	x	x	330	150	180
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	180	70	110
Burundian	0	0	0	x	x	x	170	75	100
Tigrinya	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,275	1,240	1,035
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	x	x	x	990	465	525
Mauritian	0	0	0	x	x	x	485	210	275
Kenyan	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,140	565	570
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	20	20
Vincentian	0	0	0	x	x	x	235	105	125
Jordanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	475	240	240
Manitoban	0	0	0	x	x	x	700	360	340
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	x	x	x	225	120	110
Rwandan	0	0	0	x	x	x	280	150	130
Grenadian	0	0	0	x	x	x	250	100	150
Malayali	0	0	0	x	x	x	680	380	295
Chaldean	0	0	0	x	x	x	165	80	85
Sinhalese	0	0	0	x	x	x	575	265	310
Mayan	0	0	0	x	x	x	675	360	320
Honduran	0	0	0	x	x	x	355	150	200
Cherokee	0	0	0	x	x	x	655	325	335
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x	160	75	85
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	x	x	x	160	85	80
Flemish	0	0	0	x	x	x	525	220	310
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	x	x	x	230	100	130
Senegalese	0	0	0	x	x	x	140	100	35
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	x	x	x	670	350	320
Sicilian	0	0	0	x	x	x	130	45	85
Pashtun	0	0	0	x	x	x	865	440	420
Malay	0	0	0	x	x	x	855	370	485
Goan	0	0	0	x	x	x	375	195	180
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	405	210	195
Tibetan	0	0	0	x	x	x	795	415	385
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	x	x	x	775	345	430
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x	600	285	310
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,015	470	545
Azorean	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	50	70
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	x	x	x	165	100	65
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	80	45	35
Ugandan	0	0	0	x	x	x	370	175	190
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,570	875	695
Tanzanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	845	440	400
Yemeni	0	0	0	x	x	x	595	295	300
Central African	0	0	0	x	x	x	70	35	40
Libyan	0	0	0	x	x	x	450	265	190
Basque	0	0	0	x	x	x	205	95	105
Uruguayan	0	0	0	x	x	x	100	45	55
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	360	160	200
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	x	x	x	355	210	140
Igorot	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,195	560	635
Fulani	0	0	0	x	x	x	75	35	50
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x	80	45	40
Guinean	0	0	0	x	x	x	155	85	70
St. Lucian	0	0	0	x	x	x	285	110	175
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	x	x	x	285	130	150
Maliseet	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	15	10
Beninese	0	0	0	x	x	x	160	80	80
Telugu	0	0	0	x	x	x	260	145	120
Roma	0	0	0	x	x	x	240	110	130
Costa Rican	0	0	0	x	x	x	205	115	90
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	x	x	x	120	60	60
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	25	25
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x	820	405	415
Singaporean	0	0	0	x	x	x	345	135	210
Karen	0	0	0	x	x	x	390	195	195
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x	665	370	295
Tajik	0	0	0	x	x	x	280	130	145
Amhara	0	0	0	x	x	x	820	440	385
Paraguayan	0	0	0	x	x	x	120	35	90
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,030	510	525	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,265	789,670
Buddhist	30	20	10	x	x	x	22,425	9,955	12,470
Christian	260	115	145	x	x	x	713,465	336,705	376,760
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	40	20	20	x	x	x	153,665	73,675	79,985
Anabaptist	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,730	1,325	1,405
Anglican	0	0	0	x	x	x	35,625	16,415	19,210
Baptist	0	0	0	x	x	x	14,480	6,660	7,815
Catholic	185	70	110	x	x	x	312,410	149,290	163,120
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	x	x	x	25,935	12,595	13,340
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,765	3,065	3,695
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,890	6,525	7,365
Lutheran	0	0	0	x	x	x	19,790	8,955	10,835
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,670	1,655	2,015
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	x	x	x	17,325	8,180	9,145
Presbyterian	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,200	4,585	5,615
Reformed	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,880	950	930
United Church	0	0	0	x	x	x	51,720	22,415	29,305
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10	10	0	x	x	x	43,375	20,405	22,970
Hindu	55	35	20	x	x	x	35,335	18,180	17,155
Jewish	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,820	3,305	3,515
Muslim	165	75	90	x	x	x	101,285	51,675	49,610
Sikh	315	165	150	x	x	x	56,230	28,325	27,905
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,515	550	960
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,305	4,775	6,530
No religion and secular perspectives	200	105	100	x	x	x	623,560	328,795	294,765
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,030	505	520	x	x	x	1,555,360	773,705	781,660
Non-movers	960	470	495	x	x	x	1,345,810	669,430	676,380
Movers	65	40	30	x	x	x	209,550	104,275	105,275
Non-migrants	55	30	20	x	x	x	147,415	73,505	73,910
Migrants	15	10	0	x	x	x	62,135	30,765	31,365
Internal migrants	10	0	0	x	x	x	47,380	23,440	23,940
Intraprovincial migrants	10	0	0	x	x	x	28,075	13,860	14,215
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	x	x	x	19,305	9,580	9,725
External migrants	0	0	0	x	x	x	14,755	7,325	7,430
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,000	495	510	x	x	x	1,482,335	736,360	745,975
Non-movers	825	385	435	x	x	x	863,155	429,060	434,095
Movers	175	105	75	x	x	x	619,175	307,300	311,880
Non-migrants	135	75	65	x	x	x	363,260	181,560	181,700
Migrants	40	30	10	x	x	x	255,920	125,740	130,180
Internal migrants	20	20	0	x	x	x	177,420	87,415	90,005
Intraprovincial migrants	15	15	0	x	x	x	112,590	55,855	56,735
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	x	x	x	64,830	31,560	33,270
External migrants	25	10	10	x	x	x	78,500	38,320	40,180
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	860	425	435	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,155	647,215
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	210	85	120	x	x	x	182,850	95,955	86,895
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	650	340	315	x	x	x	1,095,525	535,200	560,320
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	575	280	290	x	x	x	886,650	437,700	448,950
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115	50	65	x	x	x	79,025	43,715	35,310
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	460	225	230	x	x	x	807,620	393,985	413,640
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	860	425	435	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,155	647,220
No certificate, diploma or degree	190	75	115	x	x	x	163,710	84,360	79,350
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	245	130	110	x	x	x	339,400	169,445	169,950
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	425	220	205	x	x	x	775,265	377,350	397,915
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	240	125	115	x	x	x	348,595	174,345	174,250
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	60	45	15	x	x	x	84,805	63,760	21,050
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	25	10	x	x	x	29,285	16,610	12,680
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	25	0	x	x	x	55,525	47,150	8,375
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	140	50	90	x	x	x	221,065	92,585	128,480
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	30	0	x	x	x	42,725	18,000	24,720
Bachelor's degree or higher	185	95	95	x	x	x	426,670	203,005	223,660
Bachelor's degree	135	75	60	x	x	x	294,610	137,240	157,375
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	0	x	x	x	22,475	10,080	12,390
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,785	5,050	5,735
Master's degree	30	0	20	x	x	x	86,005	42,875	43,130
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,795	7,765	5,030
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	570	280	295	x	x	x	886,650	437,700	448,950
No certificate, diploma or degree	105	45	55	x	x	x	66,625	36,450	30,175
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	125	60	65	x	x	x	197,715	102,665	95,045
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	340	175	170	x	x	x	622,315	298,585	323,730
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	195	105	90	x	x	x	266,590	133,640	132,950
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	45	35	10	x	x	x	63,270	48,090	15,175
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	15	10	x	x	x	20,715	12,025	8,685
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	20	0	x	x	x	42,560	36,060	6,495
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	120	40	80	x	x	x	170,270	71,565	98,700
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	30	0	x	x	x	33,050	13,985	19,070
Bachelor's degree or higher	150	65	80	x	x	x	355,720	164,940	190,775
Bachelor's degree	110	60	55	x	x	x	244,340	111,530	132,810
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	x	x	x	17,980	7,805	10,175
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,185	4,015	5,170
Master's degree	30	0	25	x	x	x	74,335	35,965	38,370
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,880	5,625	4,255
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	860	420	435	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,155	647,220
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	435	210	225	x	x	x	503,110	253,805	249,305
Education	20	0	20	x	x	x	46,605	10,200	36,405
13. Education	20	0	20	x	x	x	46,605	10,200	36,405
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	x	x	x	23,385	9,460	13,925
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,560	1,930	630
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	x	x	x	20,825	7,530	13,295
Humanities	50	20	30	x	x	x	34,000	12,365	21,635
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,675	735	2,940
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	x	x	x	7,415	1,915	5,495
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	15	15	x	x	x	11,560	4,095	7,460
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	x	x	x	525	185	340
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,325	1,255	1,065
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,860	2,195	1,665
54. History	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,810	1,820	1,990
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	x	x	x	830	165	665
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	15	35	x	x	x	83,860	28,790	55,065
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,155	220	930
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,400	4,015	7,380
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,690	735	8,955
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	x	x	x	15,515	5,275	10,245
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,605	560	1,045
42. Psychology	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,800	3,115	10,680
45. Social sciences	25	10	10	x	x	x	30,700	14,865	15,830
Business, management and public administration	80	40	40	x	x	x	177,710	75,825	101,885
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	x	x	x	180	60	120
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,595	1,605	6,995
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	75	35	40	x	x	x	168,935	74,160	94,770
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	x	x	x	39,940	20,670	19,265
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,395	5,160	8,240
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,180	3,785	4,395
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	665	260	410
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	16,065	10,835	5,225
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,630	635	995
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	x	x	x	36,465	23,975	12,485
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	x	x	x	30,070	21,020	9,055
25. Library science	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,630	200	1,430
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,030	2,275	1,755
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	730	485	250
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	110	105	10	x	x	x	173,505	149,155	24,355
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,470	4,065	2,410
14. Engineering	45	40	0	x	x	x	66,620	53,075	13,545
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	25	25	0	x	x	x	38,240	31,740	6,500
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	0	10
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	x	x	x	28,060	27,225	835
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	x	x	x	22,210	21,530	675
48. Precision production	20	20	0	x	x	x	11,885	11,515	375
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	x	x	x	15,905	7,900	8,005
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,210	5,025	5,180
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,695	2,870	2,825
Health and related fields	70	10	55	x	x	x	111,080	22,865	88,215
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,155	4,305	4,845
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65	0	55	x	x	x	98,680	16,900	81,780
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	x	x	x	180	75	110
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,060	1,580	1,485
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	15	0	x	x	x	32,595	16,030	16,565
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0	x	x	x	20,215	6,265	13,950
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	x	x	x	140	130	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	170	145	25
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,150	4,050	2,095
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,925	5,440	480
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	220	115	110
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	575	275	290	x	x	x	886,650	437,700	448,950
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	230	105	120	x	x	x	264,340	139,115	125,220
Education	10	0	10	x	x	x	33,450	6,965	26,475
13. Education	10	0	10	x	x	x	33,450	6,965	26,475
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	x	x	x	18,955	7,590	11,360
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,900	1,360	540
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	x	x	x	17,045	6,230	10,815
Humanities	40	15	30	x	x	x	26,945	9,460	17,490
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,000	580	2,425
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	15	x	x	x	6,035	1,555	4,480
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	15	20	x	x	x	9,440	3,220	6,225
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	x	x	x	390	130	260
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,865	985	875
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,680	1,520	1,160
54. History	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,930	1,365	1,565
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	x	x	x	595	105	490
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	0	30	x	x	x	69,810	23,220	46,590
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	x	x	x	975	200	775
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,005	3,400	6,605
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,720	535	7,185
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,925	4,080	8,840
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,335	455	885
42. Psychology	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,190	2,390	8,800
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	x	x	x	25,655	12,155	13,505
Business, management and public administration	70	35	35	x	x	x	145,930	61,450	84,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	x	x	x	130	45	85
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,965	1,215	5,750
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	70	35	35	x	x	x	138,835	60,195	78,640
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	x	x	x	30,605	14,930	15,680
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,695	3,995	6,695
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,400	2,855	3,545
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	555	215	340
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,875	7,435	4,435
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,085	425	660
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	x	x	x	31,330	20,720	10,615
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	x	x	x	26,680	18,555	8,125
25. Library science	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,040	135	900
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,015	1,650	1,365
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	600	380	225
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	100	85	0	x	x	x	138,260	116,630	21,630
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,185	3,050	2,130
14. Engineering	35	30	0	x	x	x	55,310	43,055	12,260
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	25	20	0	x	x	x	30,335	24,710	5,630
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	10
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	x	x	x	21,755	21,035	720
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	x	x	x	16,875	16,295	580
48. Precision production	10	10	0	x	x	x	8,785	8,485	305
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,720	5,985	6,735
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,810	3,590	4,220
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,910	2,395	2,515
Health and related fields	50	0	40	x	x	x	88,715	18,735	69,980
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,355	3,465	3,885
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	0	40	x	x	x	78,745	14,010	64,730
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	x	x	x	145	60	80
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,480	1,195	1,280
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	15	0	x	x	x	25,425	12,820	12,610
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0	x	x	x	15,385	4,880	10,500
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	x	x	x	100	90	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	85	80	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,140	3,420	1,725
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,710	4,340	370
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	170	75	95
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	575	275	290	x	x	x	886,650	437,700	448,950
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	230	105	120	x	x	x	264,340	139,115	125,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	345	170	175	x	x	x	622,310	298,585	323,730
Location of study inside Canada	235	120	120	x	x	x	455,590	220,680	234,910
Same as province or territory of residence	200	90	110	x	x	x	328,175	157,540	170,630
Different than province or territory of residence	35	25	15	x	x	x	127,410	63,135	64,275
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	105	50	55	x	x	x	166,725	77,905	88,820
Americas	10	0	10	x	x	x	28,670	14,305	14,360
United States of America	10	0	10	x	x	x	17,465	9,425	8,040
Mexico	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,410	1,065	1,345
Cuba	0	0	0	x	x	x	250	145	110
Haiti	0	0	0	x	x	x	80	45	30
Jamaica	0	0	0	x	x	x	470	215	255
Brazil	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,670	690	980
Colombia	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,125	915	1,210
Peru	0	0	0	x	x	x	400	155	250
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,850	780	1,070
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,945	870	1,075
Europe	0	0	0	x	x	x	29,575	15,435	14,145
Belgium	0	0	0	x	x	x	220	130	90
France	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,225	630	595
Germany	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,235	645	590
Netherlands	0	0	0	x	x	x	795	430	370
Switzerland	0	0	0	x	x	x	415	220	190
Hungary	0	0	0	x	x	x	380	180	205
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	x	x	x	630	295	335
Poland	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,485	575	905
Romania	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,870	1,020	855
Russian Federation	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,235	955	1,280
Ukraine	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,605	745	865
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	930	570	355
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,725	6,495	5,220
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	x	x	x	345	185	155
Italy	0	0	0	x	x	x	350	210	140
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	375	180	190
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,760	1,955	1,805
Africa	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,270	6,695	6,570
Nigeria	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,965	2,375	2,590
Algeria	0	0	0	x	x	x	340	170	170
Morocco	0	0	0	x	x	x	420	220	200
Tunisia	0	0	0	x	x	x	185	115	75
Egypt	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,670	860	810
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,690	855	840
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,985	2,105	1,880
Asia	90	50	40	x	x	x	91,990	39,695	52,295
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,155	1,010	1,145
Iraq	0	0	0	x	x	x	920	450	465
Israel	0	0	0	x	x	x	425	230	195
Lebanon	0	0	0	x	x	x	640	300	335
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	735	380	355
Turkey	0	0	0	x	x	x	390	235	160
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,260	5,010	6,250
Taiwan	0	0	0	x	x	x	585	145	440
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	805	315	495
Japan	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,045	275	770
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,925	1,615	2,305
Philippines	15	10	0	x	x	x	30,585	12,115	18,470
Viet Nam	0	0	0	x	x	x	855	335	520
Bangladesh	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,405	540	870
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	x	x	x	485	250	235
India	70	40	30	x	x	x	25,005	11,780	13,225
Pakistan	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,330	2,815	3,520
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,435	1,895	2,540
Oceania	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,225	1,775	1,450
Australia	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,545	1,385	1,160
New Zealand	0	0	0	x	x	x	555	315	240
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	70	55
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	860	425	435	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,155	647,220
In the labour force	565	295	275	x	x	x	882,705	463,170	419,540
Employed	465	245	225	x	x	x	776,015	408,675	367,335
Unemployed	100	50	50	x	x	x	106,695	54,490	52,205
Not in the labour force	295	130	165	x	x	x	395,665	167,985	227,680
Participation rate	65.7	69.4	63.2	x	x	x	69.0	73.4	64.8
Employment rate	54.1	57.6	51.7	x	x	x	60.7	64.8	56.8
Unemployment rate	17.7	16.9	18.2	x	x	x	12.1	11.8	12.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	860	420	435	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,155	647,220
Did not work¹⁸⁶	340	140	200	x	x	x	422,665	183,645	239,020
Worked	520	285	240	x	x	x	855,710	447,510	408,200
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	270	135	135	x	x	x	450,195	257,535	192,655
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	255	155	95	x	x	x	405,520	189,970	215,550
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	39.0	41.0	x	x	x	40.7	41.5	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	565	290	270	x	x	x	882,710	463,165	419,540
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	10	15	x	x	x	29,010	14,020	14,995
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	540	290	255	x	x	x	853,695	449,150	404,550
Employee	450	220	235	x	x	x	715,140	365,090	350,050
Permanent position	350	165	190	x	x	x	600,125	311,480	288,645
Temporary position	100	55	40	x	x	x	115,020	53,615	61,405
Fixed term (1 year or more)	30	10	20	x	x	x	37,760	16,790	20,970
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	70	45	20	x	x	x	77,260	36,820	40,435
Self-employed¹⁹²	90	65	25	x	x	x	138,550	84,060	54,500
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	565	290	270	x	x	x	882,710	463,165	419,540
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	10	15	x	x	x	29,010	14,020	14,995
All occupations¹⁹¹	540	290	255	x	x	x	853,695	449,150	404,550
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,440	8,585	2,850
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	60	20	35	x	x	x	161,170	53,245	107,930
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	50	35	15	x	x	x	94,565	72,340	22,225
3 Health occupations	40	0	35	x	x	x	69,305	13,810	55,490
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	35	15	25	x	x	x	92,850	30,655	62,195
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	x	x	x	24,120	10,450	13,675
6 Sales and service occupations	210	90	120	x	x	x	209,115	94,840	114,280
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	120	110	10	x	x	x	147,375	132,085	15,290
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	x	x	x	18,195	14,065	4,130
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	10	10	x	x	x	25,565	19,070	6,490
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	565	290	270	x	x	x	882,710	463,165	419,540
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	10	15	x	x	x	29,010	14,020	14,995
All industries¹⁹¹	540	290	255	x	x	x	853,695	449,150	404,550
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,270	5,105	3,165
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	0	15	x	x	x	39,750	26,465	13,290
22 Utilities	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,285	6,785	3,500
23 Construction	45	45	0	x	x	x	75,665	63,720	11,945
31-33 Manufacturing	10	0	0	x	x	x	41,545	30,255	11,295
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	x	x	x	27,195	18,765	8,430
44-45 Retail trade	85	45	45	x	x	x	96,885	46,555	50,330
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	55	45	10	x	x	x	56,135	40,670	15,470
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	x	x	x	14,840	8,750	6,090
52 Finance and insurance	25	10	15	x	x	x	30,760	13,930	16,825
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15	15	0	x	x	x	16,935	9,445	7,485
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	40	35	10	x	x	x	96,185	55,190	40,995
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,660	1,210	1,450
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30	20	10	x	x	x	37,790	21,285	16,510
61 Educational services	25	10	10	x	x	x	55,510	16,805	38,700
62 Health care and social assistance	45	0	35	x	x	x	107,190	20,475	86,720
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20	0	20	x	x	x	17,830	8,980	8,850
72 Accommodation and food services	65	30	40	x	x	x	49,900	22,440	27,460
81 Other services (except public administration)	30	10	15	x	x	x	37,065	16,090	20,975
91 Public administration	25	25	0	x	x	x	31,305	16,235	15,075
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	590	315	275	x	x	x	926,320	483,455	442,860
English	530	270	255	x	x	x	878,705	460,305	418,400
French	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,250	340	915
Non-official language	25	15	0	x	x	x	6,970	3,525	3,440
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	25	15	0	x	x	x	6,955	3,525	3,430
English and French	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,700	3,085	4,615
English and non-official language(s)	35	25	0	x	x	x	30,355	15,535	14,825
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	0	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	740	340	405
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	575	325	250
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	590	315	275	x	x	x	926,320	483,455	442,860
Single responses	590	315	275	x	x	x	919,325	479,835	439,490
Official languages	555	285	265	x	x	x	906,220	473,040	433,180
English	555	285	265	x	x	x	903,745	472,395	431,350
French	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,475	650	1,835
Non-official languages	40	30	10	x	x	x	13,105	6,795	6,310
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	30	10	x	x	x	13,090	6,795	6,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	470	250	215
Berber languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	15	0
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	0
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	450	235	215
Amharic	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	25	10
Arabic	0	0	0	x	x	x	335	170	165
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	x	x	x	70	35	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	840	330	510
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	x	x	x	820	320	505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	555	290	265
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	x	x	x	55	30	25
Indonesian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	x	x	x	495	260	240
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	0	25
Kannada	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	15
Telugu	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	25	10	x	x	x	5,395	2,930	2,465
Albanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	455	185	270
Baltic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	455	185	270
Bulgarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	x	x	x	145	55	90
Russian	0	0	0	x	x	x	180	80	105
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x	60	30	35
Bosnian	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	20
Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	20	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	15	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	70	55
Frisian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	100	60	45
German	0	0	0	x	x	x	100	60	45
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	35	25	10	x	x	x	3,355	2,015	1,345
Indo-Aryan languages	35	25	10	x	x	x	3,220	1,960	1,260
Bengali	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	x	x	x	75	35	35
Hindi	0	0	0	x	x	x	130	80	50
Kacchi	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	10	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	10	x	x	x	2,745	1,740	1,005
Sindhi	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	x	x	x	225	95	135
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	135	50	80
Kurdish	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	10
Persian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	50	70
Dari	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	10	20
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	x	x	x	90	35	50
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,425	650	780
Catalan	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	15	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	x	x	x	85	55	30
Romanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	60	40	30
Spanish	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,255	540	715
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	105	25	75
Korean	0	0	0	x	x	x	810	445	365
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	0	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	20	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	10	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	15	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,665	2,410	2,255
Chinese languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,645	2,395	2,245
Hakka	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,960	995	965
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,650	1,375	1,270
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	25	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	15	10
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	55	15	40
Lao	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	10	0
Thai	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	0	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	55	30	25
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	x	x	x	55	30	25
Uyghur	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	20	10
Estonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	20	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,000	3,625	3,375
English and French	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,000	445	555
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,765	3,065	2,695
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	80	30	50
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	130	65	60
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	590	315	275	x	x	x	926,320	483,455	442,860
None	550	285	265	x	x	x	893,045	467,350	425,695
English	10	0	0	x	x	x	6,235	2,990	3,245
French	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,615	2,385	3,230
Non-official language	15	15	0	x	x	x	17,585	8,825	8,760
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	115	45	70
Non-Indigenous	15	15	0	x	x	x	17,465	8,780	8,690
English and French	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	660	330	335
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	500	245	255
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,665	1,335	1,335
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	470	245	225	x	x	x	776,010	408,680	367,335
Worked at home	80	45	35	x	x	x	215,520	105,290	110,230
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,820	2,095	725
No fixed workplace address	70	60	10	x	x	x	113,260	83,885	29,375
Usual place of work	310	135	175	x	x	x	444,410	217,405	227,005
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	315	135	175	x	x	x	444,410	217,405	227,005
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	275	110	165	x	x	x	361,065	170,000	191,065
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	40	30	10	x	x	x	69,230	37,715	31,505
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,095	7,060	3,035
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,020	2,625	1,395
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	385	200	190	x	x	x	557,670	301,290	256,380
Car, truck or van	340	180	165	x	x	x	473,465	261,055	212,410
Car, truck or van - as a driver	335	175	165	x	x	x	441,645	249,990	191,655
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	10	0	x	x	x	31,820	11,060	20,755
Public transit	25	0	25	x	x	x	40,930	17,775	23,165
Walked	0	0	0	x	x	x	22,670	10,345	12,325
Bicycle	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,355	3,240	1,115
Other method	10	10	0	x	x	x	16,245	8,875	7,365
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	385	200	190	x	x	x	557,670	301,290	256,380
Less than 15 minutes	55	25	25	x	x	x	128,460	58,155	70,310
15 to 29 minutes	200	115	80	x	x	x	242,460	130,855	111,610
30 to 44 minutes	105	45	55	x	x	x	125,765	75,100	50,660
45 to 59 minutes	25	10	20	x	x	x	31,050	18,505	12,545
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	x	x	x	29,930	18,665	11,265
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	385	200	190	x	x	x	557,670	301,290	256,380
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	25	15	10	x	x	x	37,665	27,280	10,390
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	50	25	25	x	x	x	100,900	63,500	37,400
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	65	30	35	x	x	x	143,455	75,755	67,700
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	75	35	45	x	x	x	105,095	50,620	54,475
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	70	35	40	x	x	x	79,595	35,415	44,180
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	100	65	35	x	x	x	90,950	48,715	42,230
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	200	100	95	0	0	0	356,225	183,250	172,980
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	5	0	0	0	25,335	12,890	12,445
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190	95	95	0	0	0	330,890	170,360	160,535
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	165	80	80	0	0	0	259,535	133,590	125,945
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	5	0	0	0	18,890	9,625	9,270
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	0	0	0	9,575	4,670	4,910
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,315	4,955	4,360
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	155	75	80	0	0	0	240,640	123,965	116,675

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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