Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48062005More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48062205More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48061131More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,047	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	1,001	...	...	913	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	277	...	...	638,160	...	...	392	...	...	248	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	276	...	...	604,628	...	...	385	...	...	244	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,476.3	...	...	126.1	...	...	2,681.5	...	...	3,125.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.23	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	0.37	...	...	0.29	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,050	530	520	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	1,000	515	490	910	450	460
0 to 14 years	170	90	85	294,075	151,285	142,785	130	80	45	120	70	55
0 to 4 years	30	15	10	89,790	46,155	43,630	40	20	20	35	15	15
5 to 9 years	65	35	35	100,905	51,680	49,225	45	25	15	45	30	15
10 to 14 years	70	35	35	103,380	53,450	49,930	50	35	15	45	25	20
15 to 64 years	695	355	335	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	635	320	315	600	290	315
15 to 19 years	50	25	25	92,025	47,355	44,675	50	25	25	60	30	25
20 to 24 years	80	45	35	91,515	47,260	44,260	60	35	25	70	30	40
25 to 29 years	85	50	35	101,235	50,320	50,915	45	30	15	75	30	40
30 to 34 years	65	35	30	123,235	60,255	62,980	60	30	30	50	25	25
35 to 39 years	65	30	40	132,045	64,950	67,095	70	40	30	45	25	20
40 to 44 years	70	35	40	121,735	60,110	61,625	50	20	30	35	15	20
45 to 49 years	55	25	30	111,345	55,485	55,860	45	20	25	40	20	20
50 to 54 years	55	30	30	103,325	51,835	51,490	60	25	30	55	20	30
55 to 59 years	75	30	40	101,580	50,260	51,320	90	40	55	85	40	50
60 to 64 years	95	55	45	96,735	47,710	49,020	115	60	55	95	50	45
65 years and over	185	85	100	221,795	103,495	118,300	230	110	125	190	90	95
65 to 69 years	65	30	35	78,095	38,250	39,845	105	55	50	65	30	40
70 to 74 years	55	30	25	58,785	28,310	30,475	50	20	30	50	30	20
75 to 79 years	25	10	15	36,570	17,235	19,340	35	20	15	40	20	20
80 to 84 years	15	10	5	23,750	10,405	13,350	20	5	15	15	5	5
85 years and over	20	10	10	24,595	9,300	15,290	25	10	15	15	5	10
85 to 89 years	15	5	10	15,285	6,230	9,050	15	5	10	10	5	5
90 to 94 years	5	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	10	0	5	10	5	5
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.2	17.0	16.3	18.5	19.1	17.8	13.0	15.5	9.2	13.2	15.6	12.0
15 to 64 years	66.2	67.0	64.4	67.6	67.8	67.4	63.5	62.1	64.3	65.9	64.4	68.5
65 years and over	17.6	16.0	19.2	13.9	13.1	14.8	23.0	21.4	25.5	20.9	20.0	20.7
85 years and over	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.5	1.2	1.9	2.5	1.9	3.1	1.6	1.1	2.2
Average age of the population	41.5	40.4	42.6	38.9	38.3	39.6	45.6	43.0	48.4	43.8	43.3	44.2
Median age of the population	40.8	38.4	42.8	38.4	38.0	39.2	49.6	43.6	53.6	46.0	45.2	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	280	...	...	604,630	...	...	385	...	...	245	...	...
Single-detached house	275	...	...	351,925	...	...	295	...	...	230	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	39,065	...	...	25	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	57,180	...	...	65	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	21,855	...	...	0	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	89,225	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	385	...	...	240	...	...
1 person	25	...	...	151,770	...	...	75	...	...	15	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	196,980	...	...	145	...	...	55	...	...
3 persons	60	...	...	96,165	...	...	75	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	50	...	...	97,780	...	...	50	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	95	...	...	61,930	...	...	35	...	...	75	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,050	530	520	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,000	510	490	910	455	460
Average household size	3.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	880	445	440	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	870	430	440	790	385	410
Married or living common-law	535	270	265	773,480	387,015	386,465	555	280	275	470	235	235
Married	520	265	260	657,160	328,650	328,510	500	255	250	450	225	225
Living common-law	10	5	5	116,320	58,365	57,960	50	20	25	20	10	10
Living common law - Never married	10	5	5	87,265	43,935	43,330	30	15	15	10	5	5
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	0	0	0	5	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	0	0	0	23,185	11,490	11,690	15	5	10	5	0	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	340	170	170	523,090	252,020	271,065	320	155	165	325	150	175
Not married and not living common law - Never married	255	150	105	364,145	197,890	166,255	215	130	90	260	130	125
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	5	10	29,375	12,665	16,710	5	0	0	15	0	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	10	20	79,920	30,945	48,970	45	15	30	25	10	15
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	45	10	40	49,640	10,520	39,125	55	10	40	30	5	25
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	295	...	...	438,900	...	...	310	...	...	260	...	...
2 persons	110	...	...	204,395	...	...	160	...	...	105	...	...
3 persons	70	...	...	94,815	...	...	85	...	...	65	...	...
4 persons	85	...	...	97,660	...	...	45	...	...	50	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	42,025	...	...	25	...	...	40	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	290	...	...	438,900	...	...	310	...	...	265	...	...
Total couple families	260	...	...	377,050	...	...	270	...	...	225	...	...
Married couples	255	...	...	318,890	...	...	250	...	...	220	...	...
With children⁶	165	...	...	190,345	...	...	120	...	...	135	...	...
Without children	90	...	...	128,545	...	...	125	...	...	85	...	...
Common-law couples	5	...	...	58,160	...	...	20	...	...	10	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	19,165	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	0	...	...	38,995	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	30	...	...	61,850	...	...	40	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	47,785	...	...	30	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	14,065	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,050	530	515	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,000	510	485	915	455	460
Total - Persons in census families	925	475	450	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	875	460	420	840	420	420
Married spouses or common-law partners	520	260	260	754,090	377,085	377,010	550	270	275	455	230	230
Parents in one-parent families	35	10	25	61,855	14,065	47,790	35	10	30	35	10	25
Children⁶	375	205	165	492,710	260,395	232,315	295	180	115	350	185	165
In a two-parent family	320	180	140	396,580	208,580	188,000	225	140	85	290	150	140
In a one-parent family	55	25	25	96,130	51,815	44,315	70	40	30	60	35	30
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	120	55	70	263,280	130,670	132,615	120	55	70	70	30	40
Living alone	20	5	20	151,765	71,605	80,165	70	30	45	20	15	10
Living with other relatives⁷	70	25	40	40,060	17,085	22,975	20	5	20	35	10	25
Living with non-relatives only	30	20	10	71,460	41,975	29,480	25	15	10	20	10	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	385	...	...	245	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	150	...	...	375,185	...	...	270	...	...	155	...	...
Couple-family households	140	...	...	328,515	...	...	245	...	...	140	...	...
With children⁶	100	...	...	182,665	...	...	115	...	...	85	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	145,845	...	...	125	...	...	55	...	...
One-parent-family households	10	...	...	46,670	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	60	...	...	20,165	...	...	10	...	...	45	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10	...	...	4,730	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	25	...	...	22,485	...	...	15	...	...	20	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	30,295	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
One-person households	25	...	...	151,765	...	...	75	...	...	20	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	880	440	435	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	870	430	440	795	385	410
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	845	425	420	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	845	420	420	770	375	395
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	36,400	34,000	44,800	52,400	39,200	42,800	48,400	38,000	33,200	35,600	31,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	845	425	420	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	845	420	420	770	375	395
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	34,000	31,600	40,400	46,000	36,000	38,800	43,600	35,200	31,200	32,000	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	725	375	350	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	785	405	375	665	330	340
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	33,200	27,000	40,800	50,000	32,400	35,200	38,400	31,800	25,800	30,000	22,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	605	310	290	922,195	474,800	447,395	570	315	260	510	255	255
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	30,000	29,800	42,400	50,800	34,800	39,200	42,000	37,600	29,800	30,600	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	775	395	375	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	735	370	365	695	330	365
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,700	9,900	7,600	5,600	9,100	8,700	6,550	10,800	10,300	9,400	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80	35	45	136,975	64,415	72,555	70	35	35	70	30	35
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,720	5,600	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,800	5,520	5,920	6,000	6,280	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	315	175	145	384,535	184,820	199,710	220	110	105	260	130	130
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	7,900	9,000	10,000	9,100	11,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	860	425	440	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	935	495	440	835	410	430
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	820	405	415	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	910	485	430	830	410	430
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,500	47,000	40,000	65,500	78,400	52,850	57,300	66,000	47,400	39,200	43,800	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	820	405	415	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	910	485	430	830	410	430
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	41,400	35,400	53,050	61,750	44,560	48,000	54,800	40,400	33,800	36,400	31,300
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	700	350	350	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	840	475	370	710	340	365
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,900	43,000	35,000	62,300	76,300	48,160	52,600	58,800	44,600	35,000	42,400	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	590	295	295	922,200	475,075	447,125	605	350	255	570	275	295
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	42,800	37,600	60,800	73,200	47,640	59,600	63,400	54,000	35,200	42,400	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	755	370	385	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	815	435	385	730	340	390
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,040	10,520	11,520	10,020	8,930	11,050	9,520	8,840	10,320	10,620	9,920	11,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100	60	40	136,685	64,550	72,135	65	35	35	70	20	50
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,600	7,600	7,600	7,070	6,620	7,480	6,000	4,800	7,200	6,000	4,500	6,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	335	170	165	383,100	184,610	198,485	245	135	110	270	130	145
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,900	9,200	9,270	9,160	9,380	9,000	9,200	8,800	10,300	8,400	12,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	860	425	435	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	935	495	445	840	410	425
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	265	120	140	432,255	245,295	186,965	265	140	120	225	110	115
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	56,400	54,000	73,000	80,000	65,000	76,000	95,000	68,000	56,000	71,000	51,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,800	60,000	62,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	94,000	110,000	75,000	68,000	82,000	53,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	235	135	100	374,345	173,060	201,290	245	130	115	255	110	150
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	19,800	12,500	20,400	23,400	18,400	27,200	21,000	32,800	11,200	16,600	10,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	24,000	17,600	33,960	40,480	28,360	38,800	37,500	40,000	16,000	19,200	13,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.8	79.5	73.5	86.6	90.2	81.4	85.2	88.0	81.0	76.0	81.0	70.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.5	67.0	66.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	69.0	70.0	68.0	62.0	65.0	58.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.3	20.4	26.6	13.4	9.8	18.5	14.9	12.0	19.4	23.8	18.8	29.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	2.4	1.9	1.2	0.9	1.7	0.8	0.5	1.2	1.3	0.4	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.4	8.8	10.1	5.0	3.9	6.5	4.6	4.2	5.3	9.6	6.8	12.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	8.5	8.0	9.0	4.5	3.6	5.7	4.2	3.8	4.6	8.6	6.0	11.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	880	445	440	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	870	430	440	790	385	410
Without total income	35	15	20	63,430	30,900	32,525	30	10	20	20	5	10
With total income	840	430	415	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	840	420	425	775	375	400
Under $10,000 (including loss)	70	25	45	107,500	44,415	63,085	115	50	65	85	40	45
$10,000 to $19,999	110	50	60	115,465	47,780	67,690	65	40	30	100	40	55
$20,000 to $29,999	180	105	80	178,230	78,800	99,430	125	55	70	165	80	85
$30,000 to $39,999	115	50	60	142,910	61,170	81,740	90	35	55	105	40	70
$40,000 to $49,999	100	45	55	122,655	55,960	66,690	70	35	35	90	50	40
$50,000 to $59,999	80	35	50	101,530	48,280	53,245	90	40	45	45	20	25
$60,000 to $69,999	55	35	20	85,080	42,725	42,355	60	30	25	50	25	25
$70,000 to $79,999	35	25	15	68,705	36,885	31,825	45	20	30	35	20	15
$80,000 to $89,999	25	15	10	53,900	30,515	23,385	20	20	5	25	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	25	15	5	45,345	25,570	19,775	25	15	10	15	5	5
$100,000 and over	50	35	20	193,625	128,165	65,460	130	85	45	60	35	20
$100,000 to $149,999	35	25	15	113,250	69,295	43,955	80	50	35	40	20	15
$150,000 and over	20	15	5	80,375	58,870	21,505	45	35	15	15	10	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	880	445	440	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	870	430	440	790	385	410
Without after-tax income	35	15	20	62,710	30,505	32,210	30	10	20	20	5	10
With after-tax income	840	430	415	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	840	420	425	775	375	400
Under $10,000 (including loss)	70	25	45	112,205	46,185	66,020	115	50	65	90	45	50
$10,000 to $19,999	115	50	60	120,545	50,115	70,430	75	40	35	110	45	60
$20,000 to $29,999	200	110	90	201,940	89,680	112,255	140	60	80	175	85	95
$30,000 to $39,999	130	60	75	166,565	73,405	93,160	110	45	65	125	55	75
$40,000 to $49,999	110	50	60	143,135	67,430	75,705	100	55	45	80	40	40
$50,000 to $59,999	80	35	40	114,565	57,190	57,380	75	40	35	65	30	35
$60,000 to $69,999	50	35	15	87,375	47,045	40,330	60	20	35	50	30	20
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	10	65,115	36,810	28,305	35	20	15	25	15	5
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	0	51,690	28,935	22,760	40	20	15	15	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	35,160	21,215	13,945	25	10	10	15	10	10
$100,000 and over	30	20	10	117,360	82,665	34,700	80	55	20	25	20	10
$100,000 to $124,999	20	10	10	48,950	32,240	16,710	40	30	10	10	5	5
$125,000 and over	10	10	0	68,410	50,430	17,985	40	25	10	20	10	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	880	445	440	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	870	430	440	790	385	410
Without employment income	280	130	145	356,175	156,380	199,795	300	115	180	285	130	150
With employment income	600	315	290	922,200	474,800	447,395	570	310	255	505	250	260
Under $5,000 (including loss)	75	35	40	116,020	54,130	61,895	100	55	45	75	40	35
$5,000 to $9,999	60	35	30	73,350	31,190	42,165	45	25	25	60	30	30
$10,000 to $19,999	85	50	40	101,970	44,705	57,260	55	25	30	65	30	35
$20,000 to $29,999	70	35	35	78,390	35,640	42,745	40	20	25	55	20	30
$30,000 to $39,999	65	25	40	73,695	34,455	39,235	45	25	25	50	20	25
$40,000 to $49,999	55	20	30	71,335	34,515	36,815	35	15	25	45	20	25
$50,000 to $59,999	50	25	20	67,050	32,805	34,245	40	15	20	35	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	15	60,120	30,900	29,220	35	20	15	35	15	20
$70,000 to $79,999	35	20	15	49,420	27,665	21,750	25	15	10	25	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	5	40,555	23,400	17,160	15	15	0	15	15	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	0	37,010	20,630	16,375	25	5	15	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	35	30	10	153,280	104,755	48,525	105	75	35	35	25	15
$100,000 to $124,999	15	15	5	61,175	36,970	24,210	50	30	20	25	15	10
$125,000 and over	20	15	5	92,100	67,780	24,320	55	40	15	15	10	5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	880	440	435	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	870	430	440	795	385	410
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	830	415	415	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	820	400	420	750	355	385
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	34,000	29,800	44,400	53,200	37,600	44,000	47,200	38,800	32,400	38,800	28,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	830	415	415	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	820	400	415	750	355	385
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	32,000	28,200	40,000	46,400	34,400	40,000	43,200	36,000	30,400	35,600	27,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	725	375	355	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	760	385	380	650	315	340
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	36,400	28,400	43,600	52,800	35,600	38,800	44,000	36,000	30,400	38,000	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	615	320	295	923,490	475,205	448,285	575	300	275	520	250	270
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	32,400	31,600	44,800	53,600	37,600	42,800	49,600	40,000	32,400	38,400	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	740	380	365	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	690	345	345	665	320	350
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,480	1,050	4,640	1,190	960	3,040	2,240	1,040	4,880	2,080	1,170	3,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	55	20	30	85,480	38,765	46,720	55	30	20	45	15	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	3,080	5,680	6,450	5,680	7,200	5,640	6,360	5,000	4,360	x	3,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	860	425	440	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	935	495	440	835	410	430
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	815	395	420	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	875	460	420	795	380	410
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	47,400	36,800	65,500	80,000	51,400	57,800	68,000	46,400	39,000	46,600	31,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	815	395	420	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	875	460	420	795	380	410
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,900	41,400	32,600	52,650	62,600	43,000	47,800	55,600	39,400	33,600	38,800	28,700
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	700	355	350	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	830	450	380	695	320	370
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,300	48,200	36,200	65,600	80,800	50,200	54,700	63,600	44,000	38,300	49,200	28,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	615	320	295	923,490	475,385	448,110	635	350	285	560	260	295
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	48,400	39,200	64,100	77,600	49,760	60,200	68,000	50,400	38,800	48,800	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	715	360	355	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	745	415	330	685	325	360
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,350	4,800	7,920	6,130	5,076	7,130	6,920	6,200	7,840	6,400	6,180	6,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55	25	30	84,820	38,275	46,545	60	40	25	55	0	45
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	3,400	8,000	8,200	7,120	9,080	7,400	7,600	6,800	6,600	...	6,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	860	425	435	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	935	495	445	840	410	425
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	265	125	140	428,265	243,165	185,105	265	150	120	225	110	115
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	60,400	47,600	70,500	78,500	62,000	75,000	92,000	63,200	54,400	73,000	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,200	64,000	54,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	92,000	106,000	74,000	66,000	86,000	48,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	225	140	85	353,070	163,500	189,570	230	130	105	240	90	145
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	18,200	23,600	28,800	33,200	25,600	28,600	23,800	40,800	14,800	21,200	13,300
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,200	33,500	24,800	43,720	53,050	35,720	44,400	43,000	45,000	21,200	24,400	19,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.8	91.0	82.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	89.6	92.0	87.0	86.0	89.0	82.0
Employment income (%)	79.0	82.0	75.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	75.0	76.0	73.0	70.5	72.0	69.0
Government transfers (%)	13.2	9.1	18.2	7.9	5.3	11.9	10.2	8.2	13.4	14.2	11.3	18.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.4	1.6	0.9	0.6	1.4	0.9	1.0	0.8	1.2	x	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	385	...	...	240	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	106,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	25	...	...	151,765	...	...	75	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	50,400	...	...	59,600	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	44,000	...	...	51,200	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	255	...	...	452,860	...	...	310	...	...	225	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	395	...	...	240	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	131,600	...	...	132,500	...	...	136,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	106,600	...	...	111,200	...	...	117,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	151,830	...	...	65	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	67,800	...	...	74,000	...	...	28,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	55,250	...	...	60,000	...	...	28,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	265	...	...	452,795	...	...	325	...	...	220	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	152,800	...	...	145,500	...	...	144,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	122,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	385	...	...	240	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	6,730	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,245	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,475	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,245	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	16,055	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	16,860	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	14,380	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	16,415	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	17,790	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	17,750	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	36,405	...	...	30	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	37,740	...	...	20	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	37,230	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	35,705	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	34,355	...	...	20	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	175	...	...	303,255	...	...	205	...	...	145	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	40	...	...	74,975	...	...	50	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	40	...	...	58,215	...	...	40	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	45	...	...	76,310	...	...	55	...	...	45	...	...
$200,000 and over	50	...	...	93,755	...	...	60	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	385	...	...	240	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	7,625	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,380	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,615	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,745	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	17,335	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	19,015	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	16,770	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	19,345	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	21,320	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	21,155	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	44,695	...	...	30	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	45,520	...	...	25	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	44,095	...	...	30	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	42,705	...	...	25	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	38,715	...	...	25	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	160	...	...	251,600	...	...	175	...	...	140	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	50	...	...	78,970	...	...	60	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35	...	...	56,565	...	...	45	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 and over	75	...	...	116,060	...	...	70	...	...	70	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	255	...	...	431,155	...	...	310	...	...	225	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.9	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	151,045	...	...	135	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	106,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	170	...	...	209,715	...	...	135	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	137,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	56,700	...	...	35	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	68,500	...	...	78,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	55	25	25	223,225	113,580	109,645	100	45	50	40	20	15
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	26,400	22,800	48,400	44,400	46,000	43,200	52,800	52,800	56,000	27,400	33,600	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	26,400	22,400	44,000	40,000	40,800	38,800	47,200	44,800	50,800	27,400	32,400	x
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	270	...	...	431,010	...	...	315	...	...	220	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	145,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	121,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	151,205	...	...	130	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	124,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	102,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	170	...	...	209,670	...	...	145	...	...	125	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	172,000	...	...	180,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	146,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	56,445	...	...	35	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	90,200	...	...	100,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	90,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	45	25	20	223,320	113,715	109,605	105	55	50	70	30	35
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,000	24,000	48,000	60,050	61,950	58,050	61,000	50,000	74,000	29,000	30,000	28,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	22,000	44,000	49,640	50,640	48,560	51,000	44,000	60,000	27,000	28,000	26,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,045	530	520	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,000	515	490	910	450	460
0 to 17 years	195	95	90	349,785	179,925	169,860	160	95	65	155	90	70
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	109,785	56,290	53,495	45	25	25	40	20	20
18 to 64 years	665	345	325	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	605	305	305	565	270	300
65 years and over	185	90	100	209,135	99,390	109,740	230	110	125	190	90	95
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	50	20	30	134,160	64,550	69,610	65	30	35	55	25	30
0 to 17 years	15	5	5	35,370	18,260	17,110	5	5	5	15	5	10
0 to 5 years	5	5	5	11,490	5,880	5,610	0	0	0	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	25	15	10	78,110	37,880	40,225	45	25	20	30	15	20
65 years and over	15	0	10	20,680	8,400	12,270	15	5	10	5	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.8	4.4	5.2	8.5	8.3	8.8	6.8	6.4	6.8	6.2	5.6	6.8
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	6.0	5.0	10.1	10.2	10.1	5.0	5.0	x	10.0	x	14.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5	x	x	x	12.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	4.5	3.2	7.7	7.5	7.9	7.2	7.2	7.2	5.6	6.0	6.0
65 years and over (%)	8.0	x	12.0	9.9	8.5	11.2	6.0	5.0	8.0	5.0	5.0	4.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,045	525	515	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,000	510	485	915	455	460
0 to 17 years	195	100	95	349,790	179,930	169,855	155	95	60	160	85	65
0 to 5 years	35	25	15	109,785	56,290	53,500	50	20	20	45	20	25
18 to 64 years	670	345	325	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	610	310	300	565	270	295
65 years and over	190	85	100	209,130	99,390	109,740	235	110	120	190	95	95
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	40	25	20	81,680	42,310	39,370	40	20	20	35	20	20
0 to 17 years	5	5	5	18,085	9,305	8,780	5	5	0	5	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	5,625	2,890	2,730	0	0	0	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	30	15	10	57,155	29,990	27,170	25	10	10	25	10	10
65 years and over	10	0	5	6,440	3,015	3,420	10	5	5	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0	4.4	3.6	5.2	5.4	5.0	4.0	4.4	3.6	3.8	3.6	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	5.0	x	5.2	5.2	5.2	x	x	x	5.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	x	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	5.0	3.2	5.6	6.0	5.3	4.4	4.0	4.5	4.4	4.0	4.5
65 years and over (%)	3.0	x	5.0	3.1	3.0	3.1	4.0	5.0	3.0	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,050	530	520	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,000	515	490	910	450	460
In bottom half of the distribution	440	230	210	673,690	328,825	344,865	375	185	185	360	175	185
In bottom decile	45	25	20	124,250	62,485	61,770	60	30	25	55	25	30
In second decile	45	25	25	132,700	62,320	70,380	95	40	50	35	20	20
In third decile	90	50	45	133,855	64,900	68,960	80	45	35	110	55	55
In fourth decile	105	50	50	138,980	68,120	70,855	65	30	35	70	35	40
In fifth decile	155	75	75	143,905	71,000	72,900	80	40	40	90	40	45
In top half of the distribution	610	300	305	898,245	453,385	444,865	625	325	300	550	275	280
In sixth decile	110	55	60	150,845	75,135	75,710	125	65	55	60	30	30
In seventh decile	140	65	75	155,985	78,075	77,910	115	60	60	120	65	60
In eighth decile	110	55	50	164,975	82,995	81,980	100	50	50	110	55	55
In ninth decile	150	70	70	181,315	91,520	89,795	120	65	60	150	75	80
In top decile	105	55	50	245,130	125,660	119,470	160	90	75	105	50	55
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,045	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	1,000	...	...	915	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.270	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.305	...	...	0.306	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.380	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.425	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.241	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.271	...	...	0.269	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.7	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.7	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,045	525	515	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,005	515	485	915	450	465
English only	920	475	445	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	910	465	445	800	410	385
French only	0	0	0	980	425	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	20	10	10	103,090	47,140	55,945	55	30	25	20	10	15
Neither English nor French	110	45	60	34,235	13,810	20,420	30	15	20	90	30	60
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,045	525	515	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,005	515	485	915	450	465
English	935	480	450	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	950	490	465	815	420	395
French	5	5	0	20,675	10,250	10,425	15	5	5	5	0	5
English and French	5	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	5	5	0	5	0	5
Neither English nor French	110	45	60	33,340	13,355	19,985	30	15	20	90	30	60
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,045	525	515	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,005	515	485	915	450	465
Single responses	930	465	465	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	975	500	475	875	430	445
Official languages	320	165	150	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	730	380	350	260	135	120
English	315	165	150	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	715	370	345	255	135	120
French	5	0	0	20,090	9,970	10,115	15	5	5	5	0	5
Non-official languages	615	305	315	415,050	198,790	216,260	240	125	120	615	290	325
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	645	270	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	615	305	315	414,405	198,525	215,885	240	125	120	615	290	325
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	35,495	18,255	17,240	20	10	10	15	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	5	10	32,085	16,545	15,535	20	10	10	15	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	10	5	5	0	0	0
Arabic	20	5	10	21,355	11,215	10,145	10	10	0	15	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	25	35	14,785	6,645	8,140	0	0	0	145	70	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0	5	0	5
Vietnamese	60	25	35	13,810	6,185	7,625	0	0	0	140	65	75
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	10	15	55,755	24,650	31,110	10	5	10	5	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	970	415	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	700	280	420	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	15	45,300	20,005	25,290	5	0	5	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	475	235	235	203,750	100,055	103,695	85	45	35	335	170	170
Albanian	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	5	30,225	13,960	16,270	20	10	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	5	5	29,740	13,735	16,005	20	10	10	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	820	410	405	5	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	5	7,595	3,540	4,050	10	5	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	895	435	460	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	5	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	17,580	8,490	9,090	15	10	5	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	10	10	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	445	225	220	106,625	53,665	52,955	20	15	10	325	160	160
Indo-Aryan languages	425	215	210	93,240	46,930	46,305	15	10	10	300	155	150
Assamese	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	10	20	6,565	3,380	3,180	5	5	5	0	5	0
Hindi	20	10	10	8,495	4,290	4,205	0	0	0	10	5	10
Kacchi	5	5	0	1,080	475	605	5	5	0	10	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	340	175	165	49,105	24,690	24,420	0	0	0	265	135	130
Rohingya	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	5	5	17,875	8,975	8,905	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	13,350	6,720	6,630	10	5	5	20	10	15
Baluchi	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0	15	5	10
Persian languages	10	0	10	10,100	5,080	5,020	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	5	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	1,345	685	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	5	45,970	22,265	23,700	25	15	10	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	5	0	5	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	5	5	0	5	0	5
Romanian	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	5	32,170	15,475	16,695	15	10	5	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	10	20	68,720	31,925	36,790	130	60	65	110	50	60
Chinese languages	35	10	20	67,430	31,300	36,130	130	60	65	110	50	60
Hakka	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	31,950	14,765	17,190	55	25	25	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	0	0	0	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	32,755	15,315	17,435	70	30	35	90	35	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	460	220	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	115	60	50	73,050	35,515	37,535	25	15	15	40	20	15
English and French	0	0	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	5	5	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	105	55	45	58,650	28,715	29,930	25	10	10	30	20	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	5,680	2,595	3,085	0	0	0	10	0	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,045	525	515	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,005	515	485	915	450	465
English	265	135	130	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	740	380	360	260	140	125
French	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390	5	5	5	0	0	0
Non-official language	260	125	135	127,600	60,835	66,760	90	40	50	200	85	115
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	260	125	135	127,540	60,810	66,730	90	40	50	200	85	115
English and French	0	0	0	14,755	6,925	7,835	5	5	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	490	260	235	306,635	148,985	157,650	140	80	60	420	210	210
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105	5	0	5	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	12,395	5,820	6,575	10	5	5	30	15	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,045	525	515	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,005	515	485	915	450	465
Single responses	920	470	450	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	970	500	470	815	405	410
Official languages	420	215	205	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	830	430	405	385	195	195
English	420	215	205	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	825	425	400	385	195	190
French	0	0	0	7,230	3,560	3,665	10	5	5	0	0	0
Non-official languages	495	250	245	259,415	125,675	133,740	140	70	70	430	210	225
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	495	250	245	259,295	125,620	133,675	140	70	70	430	210	225
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	22,515	11,260	11,260	15	10	10	5	5	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	20,280	10,165	10,115	15	10	10	5	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	5	5	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5	12,825	6,490	6,335	10	5	0	5	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	30	9,940	4,535	5,405	0	0	0	105	45	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0	5	0	5
Vietnamese	45	20	25	9,395	4,280	5,110	0	0	0	100	45	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	5	10	35,275	16,595	18,675	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	10	29,630	13,885	15,750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	390	205	185	122,940	60,715	62,220	25	15	15	225	115	110
Albanian	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	14,005	6,710	7,295	15	10	5	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	13,790	6,605	7,190	15	10	5	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	5	5	3,015	1,450	1,560	5	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	0	5	0	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	715	335	375	5	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	980	470	515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	370	190	175	79,180	39,590	39,590	10	5	5	215	110	105
Indo-Aryan languages	350	185	170	70,335	35,225	35,110	0	0	5	205	110	100
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	5	5	4,225	2,175	2,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	15	10	10	5,510	2,770	2,740	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kacchi	10	5	5	580	245	340	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	300	160	140	40,675	20,425	20,245	0	0	0	195	100	90
Rohingya	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	10	5	12,930	6,420	6,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	8,825	4,360	4,475	10	5	5	10	0	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0	10	0	5
Persian languages	10	5	5	6,765	3,325	3,435	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	5	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	25,440	12,340	13,100	5	0	0	10	0	5
Catalan	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0	5	0	5
Romanian	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	19,825	9,605	10,215	5	0	0	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5	450	260	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	355	205	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	47,945	22,570	25,375	85	45	45	100	45	50
Chinese languages	25	10	10	47,025	22,110	24,915	85	45	45	100	45	50
Hakka	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	23,970	11,440	12,530	45	20	20	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10	21,815	10,130	11,685	40	20	20	80	40	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	130	60	65	75,555	36,865	38,685	30	15	10	95	45	50
English and French	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	125	60	70	69,995	34,230	35,770	30	15	10	95	45	50
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,050	530	515	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	1,000	515	485	910	455	460
None	620	305	315	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	860	440	420	555	270	280
English	170	95	75	104,745	51,660	53,085	35	25	15	175	90	80
French	0	0	0	11,450	5,290	6,160	5	5	5	0	0	0
Non-official language	200	100	100	127,610	60,685	66,920	85	50	40	145	65	80
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	200	100	100	126,970	60,410	66,565	80	40	35	145	65	80
English and French	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	16,885	8,395	8,490	0	0	0	25	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	5	0	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	14,095	6,810	7,285	5	5	5	10	10	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,065	560	505	955	480	480
Official languages	925	460	470	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	1,040	555	490	870	460	410
English	925	460	470	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	1,040	555	490	870	460	410
French	25	0	20	103,915	47,090	56,830	60	30	30	15	0	15
Non-official languages	775	385	390	562,910	270,945	291,960	370	185	190	635	285	345
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	775	385	390	561,340	270,320	291,010	370	185	190	635	285	345
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	54,595	28,250	26,345	35	20	15	45	15	30
Berber languages	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	50,645	26,150	24,495	35	20	15	45	15	30
Amharic	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	35,250	18,505	16,750	25	15	10	45	15	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35	20,885	9,635	11,250	0	0	0	245	110	130
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	70	35	35	19,415	8,900	10,515	0	0	0	240	110	130
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	60	20	40	76,815	33,930	42,890	20	0	15	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	15	40	72,900	32,140	40,755	20	0	15	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	560	285	265	286,570	140,880	145,685	185	100	90	235	115	125
Albanian	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	15	37,905	17,730	20,175	45	20	25	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	15	37,610	17,610	20,005	45	20	25	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	15	0	10	9,380	4,430	4,950	10	10	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	20	10	10	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	30	15	15	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	30	15	15	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	30	15	15	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	540	280	255	143,590	72,720	70,870	50	30	25	220	100	120
Indo-Aryan languages	480	255	225	128,685	65,260	63,425	30	20	20	220	100	120
Assamese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	30	15	20	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	110	55	55	45,340	22,980	22,370	25	15	15	40	20	15
Kacchi	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	10	0	0	20	0	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	435	230	205	68,525	34,920	33,610	10	10	0	200	100	105
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	40	30	10	31,710	16,195	15,515	0	0	0	20	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	60	30	30	17,245	8,665	8,570	20	10	10	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	45	25	20	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	35	15	20	13,270	6,700	6,570	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	1,715	895	820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	80,155	38,210	41,945	70	35	35	10	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	15	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	60,770	28,640	32,125	60	30	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	35	45	82,875	39,220	43,660	145	75	70	150	75	75
Chinese languages	80	35	45	81,080	38,330	42,750	145	75	70	150	75	75
Hakka	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	46,460	21,635	24,825	45	25	20	25	25	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	35	45	42,910	20,105	22,800	125	60	65	140	65	75
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,065	560	505	955	485	475
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	53,700	25,250	28,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	51,520	24,220	27,300	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	22,470	10,235	12,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,025	505	520	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	1,065	560	505	945	475	470
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,065	560	505	955	485	475
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	17,145	7,900	9,240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,025	505	520	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	1,065	560	505	945	475	470
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	395	...	...	240	...	...
Owner	265	...	...	431,680	...	...	360	...	...	220	...	...
Renter	30	...	...	172,945	...	...	30	...	...	15	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	395	...	...	240	...	...
Condominium	15	...	...	138,505	...	...	70	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	280	...	...	466,125	...	...	320	...	...	240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	395	...	...	240	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	20	...	...	63,480	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	0	...	...	132,670	...	...	50	...	...	15	...	...
3 bedrooms	95	...	...	208,570	...	...	180	...	...	40	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	180	...	...	196,735	...	...	155	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	395	...	...	240	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	40	...	...	168,320	...	...	40	...	...	20	...	...
5 rooms	65	...	...	92,700	...	...	70	...	...	35	...	...
6 rooms	45	...	...	85,005	...	...	60	...	...	30	...	...
7 rooms	35	...	...	74,790	...	...	75	...	...	35	...	...
8 or more rooms	105	...	...	183,815	...	...	145	...	...	115	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.3	...	...	7.0	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	395	...	...	240	...	...
One person or fewer per room	260	...	...	587,240	...	...	385	...	...	230	...	...
More than one person per room	30	...	...	17,390	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	395	...	...	240	...	...
Suitable	275	...	...	576,220	...	...	360	...	...	225	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	28,410	...	...	35	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	395	...	...	240	...	...
1960 or before	10	...	...	48,925	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	0	...	...	146,775	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	67,920	...	...	245	...	...	70	...	...
1991 to 2000	215	...	...	93,515	...	...	130	...	...	155	...	...
2001 to 2005	40	...	...	63,060	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	10	...	...	64,550	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	395	...	...	240	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	290	...	...	578,295	...	...	355	...	...	230	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...	26,340	...	...	35	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	395	...	...	240	...	...
One-maintainer household	85	...	...	286,505	...	...	160	...	...	75	...	...
Two-maintainer household	135	...	...	282,890	...	...	195	...	...	100	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	75	...	...	35,230	...	...	35	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	395	...	...	240	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	15,275	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	0	...	...	95,360	...	...	30	...	...	15	...	...
35 to 44 years	55	...	...	132,875	...	...	50	...	...	20	...	...
45 to 54 years	55	...	...	121,200	...	...	50	...	...	35	...	...
55 to 64 years	100	...	...	114,325	...	...	120	...	...	95	...	...
65 to 74 years	60	...	...	78,705	...	...	90	...	...	55	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	34,680	...	...	40	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	20	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	295	...	...	599,605	...	...	390	...	...	240	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	245	...	...	466,085	...	...	365	...	...	195	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	50	...	...	133,520	...	...	30	...	...	45	...	...
30% to less than 100%	45	...	...	119,800	...	...	30	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	390	...	...	240	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	174,520	...	...	85	...	...	65	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	40	...	...	121,340	...	...	25	...	...	45	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	22,225	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	17,480	...	...	30	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	230	...	...	430,110	...	...	305	...	...	170	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	290	...	...	585,885	...	...	395	...	...	240	...	...
In core need	25	...	...	55,440	...	...	20	...	...	30	...	...
Not in core need	265	...	...	530,445	...	...	370	...	...	210	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	265	...	...	429,490	...	...	360	...	...	225	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.5	...	...	65.7	...	...	34.7	...	...	48.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.2	...	...	17.4	...	...	6.9	...	...	15.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.7	...	...	5.3	...	...	4.2	...	...	8.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...	1,740	...	...	840	...	...	1,350	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,560	...	...	1,792	...	...	1,184	...	...	1,640	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	432,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	434,000	...	...	536,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25	...	...	172,840	...	...	35	...	...	20	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.5	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	34.5	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	20.2	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,350	...	...	1,940	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,900	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,600	...	...	900	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,030	505	520	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	1,060	560	505	960	480	475
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	47,230	22,330	24,905	25	15	15	20	0	15
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	45,875	21,725	24,145	25	15	15	20	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	25	15	15	20	0	15
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,020	505	520	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	1,040	545	495	940	475	465
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,030	505	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,065	560	500	960	480	480
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	870	415	450	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	1,005	530	475	885	450	435
Canadian citizens aged under 18	190	90	95	325,765	167,940	157,820	150	75	75	185	115	70
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	680	325	355	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	855	460	400	695	330	365
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	155	95	70	174,615	83,940	90,680	60	30	30	75	35	45
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,030	505	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,065	560	500	960	480	480
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	460	235	225	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	700	360	340	530	290	245
Immigrants⁸¹	545	255	290	473,580	227,640	245,935	355	195	165	405	185	215
Before 1980	60	20	40	56,750	27,435	29,320	60	35	20	95	45	55
1980 to 1990	145	70	75	44,975	21,950	23,020	50	35	20	160	75	90
1991 to 2000	90	35	50	67,220	32,280	34,935	105	50	55	90	60	40
2001 to 2010	180	85	95	127,170	61,140	66,030	60	30	30	50	10	40
2011 to 2021⁸²	80	50	30	177,465	84,835	92,630	85	50	40	10	0	0
2011 to 2015	50	35	10	89,810	43,015	46,795	60	30	30	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	30	15	15	87,650	41,815	45,835	25	20	10	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	25	20	10	28,410	14,945	13,470	0	0	0	20	0	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	545	260	290	473,580	227,640	245,935	360	190	165	405	185	215
Under 5 years	20	10	10	41,205	20,985	20,220	40	25	10	15	15	0
5 to 14 years	55	30	25	79,795	41,370	38,425	60	40	25	35	20	20
15 to 24 years	140	55	80	82,830	37,905	44,930	45	30	15	180	85	95
25 to 44 years	250	130	125	223,080	105,885	117,190	170	90	85	125	60	70
45 years and over	85	40	45	46,670	21,495	25,170	50	20	30	45	20	25
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	545	260	290	473,580	227,640	245,935	360	190	165	405	185	215
Americas	0	0	0	50,280	23,315	26,970	30	15	15	10	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	10	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	30	0	20	83,855	41,815	42,040	70	45	25	25	15	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	15	0	10	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	27,675	14,575	13,095	15	15	0	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	13,840	7,005	6,835	20	10	10	0	0	0
Africa	35	20	15	55,355	27,975	27,385	50	35	20	15	0	15
Algeria	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	20	15	18,410	9,205	9,210	35	25	15	10	0	10
Asia	485	230	250	279,930	132,545	147,390	205	105	100	355	175	180
Afghanistan	40	20	15	4,275	2,115	2,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	20	15	10	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	0	0	0	10	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	15	15	36,925	16,915	20,015	65	30	35	20	10	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	25	10	10	10	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	45	20	30	71,315	31,605	39,715	20	0	15	0	0	0
Viet Nam	75	30	40	16,350	7,325	9,030	15	10	0	185	85	100
Bangladesh	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	250	125	120	61,580	30,730	30,850	20	10	10	95	55	45
Pakistan	25	10	15	19,425	9,810	9,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	22,735	10,640	12,090	20	10	10	25	10	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	30	15	15	87,650	41,815	45,830	30	20	10	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	25	10	10	55,100	25,850	29,250	15	0	10	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	15	10	10	14,870	7,455	7,420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,065	560	505	955	480	480
First generation¹⁰⁰	575	270	300	518,345	251,010	267,335	375	200	175	430	190	240
Second generation¹⁰¹	320	160	165	329,675	166,505	163,165	215	90	120	385	205	180
Third generation or more¹⁰²	130	75	55	723,920	364,750	359,170	475	265	215	140	85	60
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	490	240	245	416,830	200,210	216,615	300	160	140	310	140	165
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	175	90	85	235,880	118,150	117,730	140	80	55	40	25	20
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	70	45	20	95,815	58,035	37,780	55	35	20	25	15	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	100	45	65	140,065	60,120	79,950	85	50	40	10	10	10
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	225	100	130	117,720	48,395	69,330	80	25	50	205	75	120
Refugees¹⁰⁸	90	55	40	58,995	31,595	27,395	85	50	30	65	45	20
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	490	240	245	416,830	200,210	216,615	300	160	140	310	140	165
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	20	10	14,765	8,620	6,145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	25	15	10	53,180	23,440	29,750	20	15	0	15	10	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	415	195	220	313,060	149,760	163,300	260	130	135	280	130	150
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,065	560	505	955	485	475
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	870	430	440	575,650	282,735	292,910	385	195	195	755	370	380
South Asian	495	260	235	154,385	78,430	75,955	35	15	25	250	135	120
Chinese	55	30	25	93,975	45,570	48,410	185	95	90	110	55	55
Black	50	25	25	76,470	38,665	37,800	60	35	20	0	0	0
Filipino	80	25	50	92,235	42,365	49,880	20	0	20	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	0	0	0	105	55	50
Latin American	0	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235	25	10	10	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	85	40	45	28,720	13,405	15,310	0	0	0	210	90	125
West Asian	75	35	40	15,765	8,040	7,720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	30	15	15	20,840	10,195	10,645	10	0	0	60	30	30
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	155	80	80	996,285	499,530	496,755	675	370	310	210	110	95
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,065	560	505	955	480	480
Canadian	70	40	30	168,075	87,325	80,750	90	45	45	40	30	15
English	25	0	20	276,300	136,835	139,465	225	125	95	15	0	10
Irish	15	10	0	202,260	98,040	104,225	190	95	95	15	0	10
Scottish	15	10	0	235,385	115,820	119,575	180	95	85	20	10	10
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20	15	0	104,160	50,935	53,225	80	40	40	10	0	10
German	30	25	0	197,770	97,860	99,910	150	70	80	30	15	15
Chinese	100	35	65	99,705	48,045	51,650	180	80	100	145	70	75
Italian	0	0	0	44,840	22,330	22,510	25	15	10	25	0	25
Indian (India)	240	120	120	77,900	39,545	38,355	25	10	15	145	70	80
Ukrainian	15	10	0	89,615	43,675	45,940	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	53,665	26,510	27,155	55	20	25	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	10	53,675	25,885	27,790	35	20	15	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	53,825	27,135	26,690	30	15	15	20	15	10
Filipino	70	20	45	86,850	40,140	46,710	50	20	30	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	30	10	20	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	20	0	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	0	0	0	15	0	10
Métis	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	0	0	0	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	28,815	14,565	14,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	36,090	16,840	19,255	30	0	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	44,865	21,320	23,545	50	35	15	30	20	10
Welsh	0	0	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	40	25	15	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	10	0	10	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	20	20	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	10	0	0	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	110	65	45	20,085	10,145	9,940	0	0	0	75	45	30
Vietnamese	100	40	60	22,750	10,685	12,065	15	0	15	230	105	125
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0	75	45	30
Iranian	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	30	15	15	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sikh	100	55	50	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austrian	20	10	10	13,225	6,465	6,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	50	25	25	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	25	15	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0	40	25	20
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	0	0	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0	20	0	15
Ivorian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,030	510	525	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,065	560	505	955	485	475
Buddhist	30	20	10	22,425	9,955	12,470	0	0	0	135	70	65
Christian	260	115	145	713,465	336,705	376,760	660	345	315	230	115	110
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	40	20	20	153,665	73,675	79,985	100	50	50	115	65	45
Anabaptist	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	35,625	16,415	19,210	50	20	30	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	10	10	0	0	0	0
Catholic	185	70	110	312,410	149,290	163,120	345	190	155	100	40	60
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	25	15	15	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	51,720	22,415	29,305	80	40	35	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10	10	0	43,375	20,405	22,970	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindu	55	35	20	35,335	18,180	17,155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	165	75	90	101,285	51,675	49,610	35	15	20	115	65	60
Sikh	315	165	150	56,230	28,325	27,905	0	0	0	190	100	90
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	200	105	100	623,560	328,795	294,765	350	195	155	265	130	145
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,030	505	520	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	1,045	555	490	950	480	475
Non-movers	960	470	495	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	980	515	460	850	430	415
Movers	65	40	30	209,550	104,275	105,275	70	35	35	105	50	50
Non-migrants	55	30	20	147,415	73,505	73,910	30	20	15	100	50	45
Migrants	15	10	0	62,135	30,765	31,365	35	15	20	0	0	0
Internal migrants	10	0	0	47,380	23,440	23,940	35	15	20	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	10	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	35	15	20	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,000	495	510	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	1,015	540	470	925	470	450
Non-movers	825	385	435	863,155	429,060	434,095	845	445	405	705	360	350
Movers	175	105	75	619,175	307,300	311,880	165	100	65	215	115	100
Non-migrants	135	75	65	363,260	181,560	181,700	130	75	60	185	105	80
Migrants	40	30	10	255,920	125,740	130,180	35	25	10	25	0	20
Internal migrants	20	20	0	177,420	87,415	90,005	20	15	0	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	15	15	0	112,590	55,855	56,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	64,830	31,560	33,270	15	10	0	0	0	0
External migrants	25	10	10	78,500	38,320	40,180	15	10	0	20	0	15
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	860	425	435	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	935	495	445	840	410	425
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	210	85	120	182,850	95,955	86,895	70	30	45	255	125	125
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	650	340	315	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	870	470	400	580	285	300
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	575	280	290	886,650	437,700	448,950	555	290	265	505	245	260
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115	50	65	79,025	43,715	35,310	20	0	20	150	75	75
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	460	225	230	807,620	393,985	413,640	535	280	255	355	170	190
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	860	425	435	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	935	495	440	835	410	430
No certificate, diploma or degree	190	75	115	163,710	84,360	79,350	60	20	35	215	105	115
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	245	130	110	339,400	169,445	169,950	335	180	155	290	155	140
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	425	220	205	775,265	377,350	397,915	540	285	250	330	155	175
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	240	125	115	348,595	174,345	174,250	250	120	125	175	100	75
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	60	45	15	84,805	63,760	21,050	40	25	15	65	50	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	25	10	29,285	16,610	12,680	20	15	10	15	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	25	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	20	15	0	50	35	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	140	50	90	221,065	92,585	128,480	185	80	100	100	55	45
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	30	0	42,725	18,000	24,720	25	15	10	10	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	185	95	95	426,670	203,005	223,660	290	165	120	155	55	100
Bachelor's degree	135	75	60	294,610	137,240	157,375	230	135	95	125	40	85
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	0	22,475	10,080	12,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Master's degree	30	0	20	86,005	42,875	43,130	45	25	20	25	15	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	570	280	295	886,650	437,700	448,950	555	285	270	505	240	265
No certificate, diploma or degree	105	45	55	66,625	36,450	30,175	10	0	10	115	60	60
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	125	60	65	197,715	102,665	95,045	165	80	80	150	70	80
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	340	175	170	622,315	298,585	323,730	375	200	180	235	110	120
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	195	105	90	266,590	133,640	132,950	160	85	75	120	70	45
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	45	35	10	63,270	48,090	15,175	40	30	10	55	35	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	15	10	20,715	12,025	8,685	25	10	10	10	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	20	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	15	15	0	45	25	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	120	40	80	170,270	71,565	98,700	110	50	60	70	35	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	30	0	33,050	13,985	19,070	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	150	65	80	355,720	164,940	190,775	220	115	100	120	40	80
Bachelor's degree	110	60	55	244,340	111,530	132,810	185	100	80	95	25	65
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Master's degree	30	0	25	74,335	35,965	38,370	30	15	15	25	10	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	860	420	435	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	935	490	440	835	405	425
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	435	210	225	503,110	253,805	249,305	395	205	195	505	255	255
Education	20	0	20	46,605	10,200	36,405	25	0	25	15	0	15
13. Education	20	0	20	46,605	10,200	36,405	25	0	25	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	23,385	9,460	13,925	20	10	10	10	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	20,825	7,530	13,295	20	10	10	10	0	0
Humanities	50	20	30	34,000	12,365	21,635	25	10	15	20	10	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	7,415	1,915	5,495	10	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	15	15	11,560	4,095	7,460	0	0	0	20	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	15	35	83,860	28,790	55,065	45	25	20	35	10	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	10	10	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	15,515	5,275	10,245	0	0	0	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	10	0	0	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	25	10	10	30,700	14,865	15,830	20	10	10	20	10	0
Business, management and public administration	80	40	40	177,710	75,825	101,885	125	70	55	85	15	70
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	10	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	75	35	40	168,935	74,160	94,770	115	65	50	85	15	70
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	39,940	20,670	19,265	40	25	15	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	15	0	15	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	15	10	0	10	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	10	10	0	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	36,465	23,975	12,485	25	20	0	25	25	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	20	10	0	25	25	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	110	105	10	173,505	149,155	24,355	115	105	10	80	75	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	10	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	45	40	0	66,620	53,075	13,545	55	50	0	15	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	25	25	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	35	35	0	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	28,060	27,225	835	10	10	0	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	22,210	21,530	675	0	0	0	30	30	0
48. Precision production	20	20	0	11,885	11,515	375	0	0	0	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	15,905	7,900	8,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	70	10	55	111,080	22,865	88,215	95	15	75	20	0	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65	0	55	98,680	16,900	81,780	85	10	75	20	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	15	0	32,595	16,030	16,565	15	10	10	25	0	25
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950	10	0	10	25	0	25
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	575	275	290	886,650	437,700	448,950	555	285	270	505	245	260
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	230	105	120	264,340	139,115	125,220	175	85	90	265	130	135
Education	10	0	10	33,450	6,965	26,475	20	0	20	15	0	15
13. Education	10	0	10	33,450	6,965	26,475	20	0	20	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	0	0	0	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Humanities	40	15	30	26,945	9,460	17,490	20	0	15	20	10	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	15	6,035	1,555	4,480	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	15	20	9,440	3,220	6,225	0	0	0	20	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	10	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	0	30	69,810	23,220	46,590	40	25	20	25	0	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	10	10	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	0	0	0	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840	0	0	0	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	10	0	0	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	25,655	12,155	13,505	20	10	10	15	0	10
Business, management and public administration	70	35	35	145,930	61,450	84,480	65	35	35	50	10	40
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	0	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	70	35	35	138,835	60,195	78,640	60	35	25	50	10	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	30	20	15	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	15	0	15	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	10	10	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	10	10	0	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	31,330	20,720	10,615	25	15	0	20	20	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	20	10	0	20	20	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	100	85	0	138,260	116,630	21,630	90	85	10	55	50	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	35	30	0	55,310	43,055	12,260	35	30	0	15	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	25	20	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	35	30	0	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	21,755	21,035	720	10	10	0	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	16,875	16,295	580	0	0	0	15	15	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	8,785	8,485	305	0	0	0	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	50	0	40	88,715	18,735	69,980	60	0	50	15	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	0	40	78,745	14,010	64,730	50	0	50	15	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	15	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	15	10	10	25	0	25
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	10	0	10	25	0	25
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	575	275	290	886,650	437,700	448,950	555	285	270	505	245	260
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	230	105	120	264,340	139,115	125,220	175	85	90	265	130	135
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	345	170	175	622,310	298,585	323,730	380	205	175	240	115	125
Location of study inside Canada	235	120	120	455,590	220,680	234,910	300	160	140	185	90	90
Same as province or territory of residence	200	90	110	328,175	157,540	170,630	245	125	130	170	85	80
Different than province or territory of residence	35	25	15	127,410	63,135	64,275	50	35	15	15	0	10
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	105	50	55	166,725	77,905	88,820	80	45	35	55	20	35
Americas	10	0	10	28,670	14,305	14,360	20	10	0	0	0	0
United States of America	10	0	10	17,465	9,425	8,040	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	15	10	0	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	90	50	40	91,990	39,695	52,295	45	20	20	50	15	35
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	10	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	15	10	0	30,585	12,115	18,470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	70	40	30	25,005	11,780	13,225	0	0	0	35	15	20
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	25	10	15	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	860	425	435	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	935	495	440	835	410	430
In the labour force	565	295	275	882,705	463,170	419,540	550	310	235	525	230	295
Employed	465	245	225	776,015	408,675	367,335	460	260	205	460	210	245
Unemployed	100	50	50	106,695	54,490	52,205	85	55	30	70	20	45
Not in the labour force	295	130	165	395,665	167,985	227,680	385	180	205	310	180	135
Participation rate	65.7	69.4	63.2	69.0	73.4	64.8	58.8	62.6	53.4	62.9	56.1	68.6
Employment rate	54.1	57.6	51.7	60.7	64.8	56.8	49.2	52.5	46.6	55.1	51.2	57.0
Unemployment rate	17.7	16.9	18.2	12.1	11.8	12.4	15.5	17.7	12.8	13.3	8.7	15.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	860	420	435	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	935	490	440	835	405	425
Did not work¹⁸⁶	340	140	200	422,665	183,645	239,020	400	185	210	315	180	135
Worked	520	285	240	855,710	447,510	408,200	535	305	235	525	230	290
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	270	135	135	450,195	257,535	192,655	280	160	120	245	120	130
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	255	155	95	405,520	189,970	215,550	255	145	110	275	115	160
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	39.0	41.0	40.7	41.5	39.8	41.9	40.4	43.6	39.5	42.4	37.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	565	290	270	882,710	463,165	419,540	550	310	235	530	235	295
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	10	15	29,010	14,020	14,995	35	15	15	20	0	15
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	540	290	255	853,695	449,150	404,550	515	295	220	505	230	280
Employee	450	220	235	715,140	365,090	350,050	435	245	190	425	170	250
Permanent position	350	165	190	600,125	311,480	288,645	375	200	175	340	140	200
Temporary position	100	55	40	115,020	53,615	61,405	55	50	10	85	30	55
Fixed term (1 year or more)	30	10	20	37,760	16,790	20,970	15	15	0	30	15	20
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	70	45	20	77,260	36,820	40,435	45	30	10	55	20	35
Self-employed¹⁹²	90	65	25	138,550	84,060	54,500	75	50	30	85	55	25
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	565	290	270	882,710	463,165	419,540	550	310	235	530	235	295
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	10	15	29,010	14,020	14,995	35	15	15	20	0	15
All occupations¹⁹¹	540	290	255	853,695	449,150	404,550	515	295	220	505	230	280
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	15	15	0	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	60	20	35	161,170	53,245	107,930	65	0	60	95	15	80
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	50	35	15	94,565	72,340	22,225	80	75	10	40	25	10
3 Health occupations	40	0	35	69,305	13,810	55,490	50	0	45	15	0	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	35	15	25	92,850	30,655	62,195	60	20	40	60	15	50
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	0	0	0	10	10	0
6 Sales and service occupations	210	90	120	209,115	94,840	114,280	140	70	70	160	75	90
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	120	110	10	147,375	132,085	15,290	70	70	0	65	50	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	25	25	0	15	15	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	10	10	25,565	19,070	6,490	15	10	0	50	25	30
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	565	290	270	882,710	463,165	419,540	550	310	235	530	235	295
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	10	15	29,010	14,020	14,995	35	15	15	20	0	15
All industries¹⁹¹	540	290	255	853,695	449,150	404,550	515	295	220	505	230	280
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	0	15	39,750	26,465	13,290	10	0	0	15	0	15
22 Utilities	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	15	15	0	10	0	0
23 Construction	45	45	0	75,665	63,720	11,945	30	25	0	30	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	10	0	0	41,545	30,255	11,295	25	20	10	50	35	15
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	15	0	10	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	85	45	45	96,885	46,555	50,330	85	45	40	90	45	45
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	55	45	10	56,135	40,670	15,470	30	15	15	30	20	10
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	10	10	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	25	10	15	30,760	13,930	16,825	10	10	0	20	0	15
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15	15	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	0	0	0	10	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	40	35	10	96,185	55,190	40,995	70	45	25	35	10	25
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30	20	10	37,790	21,285	16,510	40	35	10	20	10	10
61 Educational services	25	10	10	55,510	16,805	38,700	45	25	25	45	10	35
62 Health care and social assistance	45	0	35	107,190	20,475	86,720	65	0	60	50	10	45
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20	0	20	17,830	8,980	8,850	10	0	0	10	10	0
72 Accommodation and food services	65	30	40	49,900	22,440	27,460	20	0	15	35	20	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	30	10	15	37,065	16,090	20,975	10	10	0	55	20	30
91 Public administration	25	25	0	31,305	16,235	15,075	25	25	0	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	590	315	275	926,320	483,455	442,860	590	340	250	575	265	310
English	530	270	255	878,705	460,305	418,400	570	335	240	465	230	240
French	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-official language	25	15	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	0	0	0	35	0	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	15	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	0	0	0	35	0	35
English and French	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	10	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	35	25	0	30,355	15,535	14,825	0	0	0	70	25	40
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	590	315	275	926,320	483,455	442,860	590	340	250	575	265	310
Single responses	590	315	275	919,325	479,835	439,490	590	340	250	565	260	305
Official languages	555	285	265	906,220	473,040	433,180	585	340	245	500	240	260
English	555	285	265	903,745	472,395	431,350	580	340	240	500	240	260
French	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-official languages	40	30	10	13,105	6,795	6,310	0	0	0	65	20	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	30	10	13,090	6,795	6,300	0	0	0	65	20	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0	30	10	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0	30	10	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	25	10	5,395	2,930	2,465	0	0	0	30	0	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	25	10	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0	30	0	20
Indo-Aryan languages	35	25	10	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0	30	0	20
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	10	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0	30	0	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	7,000	3,625	3,375	0	0	0	15	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5,765	3,065	2,695	0	0	0	15	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	590	315	275	926,320	483,455	442,860	590	340	250	575	265	310
None	550	285	265	893,045	467,350	425,695	570	335	240	515	235	280
English	10	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	10	0	10	25	10	15
French	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-official language	15	15	0	17,585	8,825	8,760	0	0	0	30	0	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	15	0	17,465	8,780	8,690	0	0	0	30	0	20
English and French	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0	10	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	470	245	225	776,010	408,680	367,335	460	255	205	455	215	245
Worked at home	80	45	35	215,520	105,290	110,230	105	55	45	60	15	40
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	70	60	10	113,260	83,885	29,375	65	45	20	90	55	30
Usual place of work	310	135	175	444,410	217,405	227,005	295	155	135	315	140	170
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	315	135	175	444,410	217,405	227,005	295	160	135	310	140	170
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	275	110	165	361,065	170,000	191,065	245	125	120	305	140	160
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	40	30	10	69,230	37,715	31,505	30	20	10	10	0	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	15	10	0	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	385	200	190	557,670	301,290	256,380	360	205	155	400	200	200
Car, truck or van	340	180	165	473,465	261,055	212,410	320	175	150	350	180	165
Car, truck or van - as a driver	335	175	165	441,645	249,990	191,655	295	160	130	300	165	130
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	10	0	31,820	11,060	20,755	30	10	20	50	15	35
Public transit	25	0	25	40,930	17,775	23,165	10	10	0	30	10	20
Walked	0	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other method	10	10	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	20	10	0	15	0	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	385	200	190	557,670	301,290	256,380	360	205	155	400	200	200
Less than 15 minutes	55	25	25	128,460	58,155	70,310	50	25	25	80	40	45
15 to 29 minutes	200	115	80	242,460	130,855	111,610	210	110	100	155	75	75
30 to 44 minutes	105	45	55	125,765	75,100	50,660	65	40	20	140	70	65
45 to 59 minutes	25	10	20	31,050	18,505	12,545	15	10	0	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	29,930	18,665	11,265	20	10	0	25	0	20
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	385	200	190	557,670	301,290	256,380	360	205	155	400	200	200
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	25	15	10	37,665	27,280	10,390	25	10	15	35	15	15
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	50	25	25	100,900	63,500	37,400	50	35	15	40	15	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	65	30	35	143,455	75,755	67,700	105	45	60	55	30	25
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	75	35	45	105,095	50,620	54,475	65	40	25	100	30	60
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	70	35	40	79,595	35,415	44,180	55	40	15	95	70	25
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	100	65	35	90,950	48,715	42,230	50	30	20	75	25	50
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	200	100	95	356,225	183,250	172,980	160	95	65	160	90	70
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	5	25,335	12,890	12,445	10	5	0	10	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190	95	95	330,890	170,360	160,535	150	90	60	150	85	65
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	165	80	80	259,535	133,590	125,945	115	75	45	125	75	50
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	5	18,890	9,625	9,270	10	5	5	10	0	0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	9,575	4,670	4,910	10	5	5	0	0	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	9,315	4,955	4,360	0	0	0	10	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	155	75	80	240,640	123,965	116,675	105	70	40	115	75	45

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 7, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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