Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48062005More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48062031More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,047	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	1,428	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	277	...	...	638,160	...	...	647	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	276	...	...	604,628	...	...	615	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,476.3	...	...	126.1	...	...	4,031.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.23	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	0.35	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,050	530	520	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	1,425	725	700
0 to 14 years	170	90	85	294,075	151,285	142,785	185	105	75
0 to 4 years	30	15	10	89,790	46,155	43,630	70	45	25
5 to 9 years	65	35	35	100,905	51,680	49,225	60	30	30
10 to 14 years	70	35	35	103,380	53,450	49,930	55	30	25
15 to 64 years	695	355	335	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	1,075	540	530
15 to 19 years	50	25	25	92,025	47,355	44,675	70	40	30
20 to 24 years	80	45	35	91,515	47,260	44,260	115	50	65
25 to 29 years	85	50	35	101,235	50,320	50,915	135	70	60
30 to 34 years	65	35	30	123,235	60,255	62,980	105	50	60
35 to 39 years	65	30	40	132,045	64,950	67,095	100	50	50
40 to 44 years	70	35	40	121,735	60,110	61,625	110	55	55
45 to 49 years	55	25	30	111,345	55,485	55,860	90	45	45
50 to 54 years	55	30	30	103,325	51,835	51,490	115	50	65
55 to 59 years	75	30	40	101,580	50,260	51,320	110	55	55
60 to 64 years	95	55	45	96,735	47,710	49,020	125	70	60
65 years and over	185	85	100	221,795	103,495	118,300	170	75	90
65 to 69 years	65	30	35	78,095	38,250	39,845	75	30	45
70 to 74 years	55	30	25	58,785	28,310	30,475	45	25	25
75 to 79 years	25	10	15	36,570	17,235	19,340	30	20	10
80 to 84 years	15	10	5	23,750	10,405	13,350	10	5	5
85 years and over	20	10	10	24,595	9,300	15,290	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	15	5	10	15,285	6,230	9,050	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	5	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.2	17.0	16.3	18.5	19.1	17.8	13.0	14.5	10.7
15 to 64 years	66.2	67.0	64.4	67.6	67.8	67.4	75.4	74.5	75.7
65 years and over	17.6	16.0	19.2	13.9	13.1	14.8	11.9	10.3	12.9
85 years and over	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.5	1.2	1.9	0.4	0.0	0.7
Average age of the population	41.5	40.4	42.6	38.9	38.3	39.6	40.1	38.8	41.4
Median age of the population	40.8	38.4	42.8	38.4	38.0	39.2	40.0	37.6	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	280	...	...	604,630	...	...	615	...	...
Single-detached house	275	...	...	351,925	...	...	230	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	39,065	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	57,180	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	21,855	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	89,225	...	...	375	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	615	...	...
1 person	25	...	...	151,770	...	...	255	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	196,980	...	...	160	...	...
3 persons	60	...	...	96,165	...	...	80	...	...
4 persons	50	...	...	97,780	...	...	50	...	...
5 or more persons	95	...	...	61,930	...	...	70	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,050	530	520	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,425	725	700
Average household size	3.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	880	445	440	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	1,245	615	625
Married or living common-law	535	270	265	773,480	387,015	386,465	590	295	290
Married	520	265	260	657,160	328,650	328,510	505	255	250
Living common-law	10	5	5	116,320	58,365	57,960	80	40	40
Living common law - Never married	10	5	5	87,265	43,935	43,330	60	30	30
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	5	0	5
Living common law - Divorced	0	0	0	23,185	11,490	11,690	10	10	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	340	170	170	523,090	252,020	271,065	650	320	330
Not married and not living common law - Never married	255	150	105	364,145	197,890	166,255	470	245	220
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	5	10	29,375	12,665	16,710	40	20	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	10	20	79,920	30,945	48,970	110	45	65
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	45	10	40	49,640	10,520	39,125	35	5	35
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	295	...	...	438,900	...	...	335	...	...
2 persons	110	...	...	204,395	...	...	160	...	...
3 persons	70	...	...	94,815	...	...	80	...	...
4 persons	85	...	...	97,660	...	...	55	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	42,025	...	...	40	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	290	...	...	438,900	...	...	335	...	...
Total couple families	260	...	...	377,050	...	...	280	...	...
Married couples	255	...	...	318,890	...	...	240	...	...
With children⁶	165	...	...	190,345	...	...	150	...	...
Without children	90	...	...	128,545	...	...	95	...	...
Common-law couples	5	...	...	58,160	...	...	40	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	19,165	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	0	...	...	38,995	...	...	25	...	...
Total one-parent families	30	...	...	61,850	...	...	50	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	47,785	...	...	45	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	14,065	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,050	530	515	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,425	725	700
Total - Persons in census families	925	475	450	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	1,010	520	490
Married spouses or common-law partners	520	260	260	754,090	377,085	377,010	565	285	285
Parents in one-parent families	35	10	25	61,855	14,065	47,790	55	10	45
Children⁶	375	205	165	492,710	260,395	232,315	395	230	170
In a two-parent family	320	180	140	396,580	208,580	188,000	325	185	135
In a one-parent family	55	25	25	96,130	51,815	44,315	75	45	30
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	120	55	70	263,280	130,670	132,615	420	205	210
Living alone	20	5	20	151,765	71,605	80,165	255	130	125
Living with other relatives⁷	70	25	40	40,060	17,085	22,975	70	30	40
Living with non-relatives only	30	20	10	71,460	41,975	29,480	90	45	40
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	615	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	150	...	...	375,185	...	...	250	...	...
Couple-family households	140	...	...	328,515	...	...	210	...	...
With children⁶	100	...	...	182,665	...	...	120	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	145,845	...	...	90	...	...
One-parent-family households	10	...	...	46,670	...	...	40	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	60	...	...	20,165	...	...	30	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10	...	...	4,730	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	25	...	...	22,485	...	...	25	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	30,295	...	...	50	...	...
One-person households	25	...	...	151,765	...	...	255	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	880	440	435	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	1,240	620	625
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	845	425	420	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	1,175	580	595
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	36,400	34,000	44,800	52,400	39,200	37,200	40,800	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	845	425	420	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	1,175	580	595
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	34,000	31,600	40,400	46,000	36,000	34,000	36,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	725	375	350	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	995	500	500
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	33,200	27,000	40,800	50,000	32,400	31,800	37,200	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	605	310	290	922,195	474,800	447,395	890	455	440
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	30,000	29,800	42,400	50,800	34,800	34,000	40,000	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	775	395	375	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	1,085	525	560
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,700	9,900	7,600	5,600	9,100	9,300	7,000	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80	35	45	136,975	64,415	72,555	180	95	85
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,720	5,600	5,800	5,760	5,880	6,200	6,400	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	315	175	145	384,535	184,820	199,710	485	225	265
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	860	425	440	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,240	615	620
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	820	405	415	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	1,145	565	570
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,500	47,000	40,000	65,500	78,400	52,850	40,500	43,800	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	820	405	415	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	1,145	565	570
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	41,400	35,400	53,050	61,750	44,560	35,600	37,400	33,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	700	350	350	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	930	465	465
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,900	43,000	35,000	62,300	76,300	48,160	36,200	42,400	29,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	590	295	295	922,200	475,075	447,125	855	425	430
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	42,800	37,600	60,800	73,200	47,640	37,200	45,200	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	755	370	385	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	1,040	485	550
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,040	10,520	11,520	10,020	8,930	11,050	12,180	10,520	13,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100	60	40	136,685	64,550	72,135	170	85	85
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,600	7,600	7,600	7,070	6,620	7,480	7,200	7,900	6,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	335	170	165	383,100	184,610	198,485	485	210	270
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,900	9,200	9,270	9,160	9,380	9,960	10,300	9,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	860	425	435	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	1,235	615	620
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	265	120	140	432,255	245,295	186,965	400	240	155
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	56,400	54,000	73,000	80,000	65,000	45,200	50,800	41,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,800	60,000	62,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	52,600	58,800	43,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	235	135	100	374,345	173,060	201,290	310	110	200
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	19,800	12,500	20,400	23,400	18,400	17,400	16,800	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	24,000	17,600	33,960	40,480	28,360	22,400	22,800	22,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.8	79.5	73.5	86.6	90.2	81.4	72.8	79.5	65.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.5	67.0	66.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	68.8	77.0	59.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.3	20.4	26.6	13.4	9.8	18.5	27.4	20.6	35.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	2.4	1.9	1.2	0.9	1.7	2.6	2.6	2.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.4	8.8	10.1	5.0	3.9	6.5	11.4	9.5	13.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	8.5	8.0	9.0	4.5	3.6	5.7	10.5	8.8	12.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	880	445	440	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	1,245	615	625
Without total income	35	15	20	63,430	30,900	32,525	70	35	30
With total income	840	430	415	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	1,175	580	600
Under $10,000 (including loss)	70	25	45	107,500	44,415	63,085	85	55	30
$10,000 to $19,999	110	50	60	115,465	47,780	67,690	135	60	75
$20,000 to $29,999	180	105	80	178,230	78,800	99,430	220	100	125
$30,000 to $39,999	115	50	60	142,910	61,170	81,740	195	75	120
$40,000 to $49,999	100	45	55	122,655	55,960	66,690	175	75	95
$50,000 to $59,999	80	35	50	101,530	48,280	53,245	125	65	65
$60,000 to $69,999	55	35	20	85,080	42,725	42,355	90	50	40
$70,000 to $79,999	35	25	15	68,705	36,885	31,825	55	35	20
$80,000 to $89,999	25	15	10	53,900	30,515	23,385	35	25	5
$90,000 to $99,999	25	15	5	45,345	25,570	19,775	20	10	5
$100,000 and over	50	35	20	193,625	128,165	65,460	45	30	15
$100,000 to $149,999	35	25	15	113,250	69,295	43,955	35	20	10
$150,000 and over	20	15	5	80,375	58,870	21,505	5	10	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	880	445	440	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	1,245	615	625
Without after-tax income	35	15	20	62,710	30,505	32,210	70	35	30
With after-tax income	840	430	415	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	1,175	580	600
Under $10,000 (including loss)	70	25	45	112,205	46,185	66,020	85	55	30
$10,000 to $19,999	115	50	60	120,545	50,115	70,430	140	65	80
$20,000 to $29,999	200	110	90	201,940	89,680	112,255	265	115	150
$30,000 to $39,999	130	60	75	166,565	73,405	93,160	240	100	140
$40,000 to $49,999	110	50	60	143,135	67,430	75,705	185	90	90
$50,000 to $59,999	80	35	40	114,565	57,190	57,380	120	65	55
$60,000 to $69,999	50	35	15	87,375	47,045	40,330	65	35	25
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	10	65,115	36,810	28,305	35	25	10
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	0	51,690	28,935	22,760	20	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	35,160	21,215	13,945	10	10	0
$100,000 and over	30	20	10	117,360	82,665	34,700	15	10	10
$100,000 to $124,999	20	10	10	48,950	32,240	16,710	5	0	5
$125,000 and over	10	10	0	68,410	50,430	17,985	5	10	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	880	445	440	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	1,245	615	625
Without employment income	280	130	145	356,175	156,380	199,795	350	170	185
With employment income	600	315	290	922,200	474,800	447,395	895	450	440
Under $5,000 (including loss)	75	35	40	116,020	54,130	61,895	80	40	45
$5,000 to $9,999	60	35	30	73,350	31,190	42,165	70	25	40
$10,000 to $19,999	85	50	40	101,970	44,705	57,260	125	55	70
$20,000 to $29,999	70	35	35	78,390	35,640	42,745	120	50	70
$30,000 to $39,999	65	25	40	73,695	34,455	39,235	120	55	65
$40,000 to $49,999	55	20	30	71,335	34,515	36,815	110	55	60
$50,000 to $59,999	50	25	20	67,050	32,805	34,245	80	40	35
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	15	60,120	30,900	29,220	70	50	25
$70,000 to $79,999	35	20	15	49,420	27,665	21,750	40	30	5
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	5	40,555	23,400	17,160	25	15	5
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	0	37,010	20,630	16,375	15	10	5
$100,000 and over	35	30	10	153,280	104,755	48,525	30	25	5
$100,000 to $124,999	15	15	5	61,175	36,970	24,210	20	15	0
$125,000 and over	20	15	5	92,100	67,780	24,320	10	10	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	880	440	435	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	1,240	620	625
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	830	415	415	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	1,160	570	585
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	34,000	29,800	44,400	53,200	37,600	34,800	39,600	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	830	415	415	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	1,160	570	585
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	32,000	28,200	40,000	46,400	34,400	31,800	34,800	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	725	375	355	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	1,000	515	490
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	36,400	28,400	43,600	52,800	35,600	34,800	40,800	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	615	320	295	923,490	475,205	448,285	910	465	440
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	32,400	31,600	44,800	53,600	37,600	37,200	42,400	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	740	380	365	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	1,040	505	535
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,480	1,050	4,640	1,190	960	3,040	1,700	1,040	3,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	55	20	30	85,480	38,765	46,720	105	55	55
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	3,080	5,680	6,450	5,680	7,200	5,600	5,400	6,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	860	425	440	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,240	615	620
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	815	395	420	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	1,115	540	575
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	47,400	36,800	65,500	80,000	51,400	38,500	43,400	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	815	395	420	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	1,115	540	575
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,900	41,400	32,600	52,650	62,600	43,000	33,600	37,000	30,500
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	700	355	350	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	930	465	470
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,300	48,200	36,200	65,600	80,800	50,200	38,700	44,800	32,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	615	320	295	923,490	475,385	448,110	860	420	440
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	48,400	39,200	64,100	77,600	49,760	39,800	47,600	32,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	715	360	355	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	945	435	510
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,350	4,800	7,920	6,130	5,076	7,130	6,960	5,720	8,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55	25	30	84,820	38,275	46,545	95	45	50
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	3,400	8,000	8,200	7,120	9,080	6,200	6,200	6,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	860	425	435	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	1,235	615	620
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	265	125	140	428,265	243,165	185,105	410	250	155
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	60,400	47,600	70,500	78,500	62,000	46,000	52,800	40,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,200	64,000	54,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	51,800	57,600	43,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	225	140	85	353,070	163,500	189,570	290	100	195
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	18,200	23,600	28,800	33,200	25,600	27,800	35,600	27,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,200	33,500	24,800	43,720	53,050	35,720	30,000	34,000	28,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.8	91.0	82.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	84.4	89.0	79.0
Employment income (%)	79.0	82.0	75.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	80.4	86.0	74.0
Government transfers (%)	13.2	9.1	18.2	7.9	5.3	11.9	15.4	10.7	21.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.4	1.6	0.9	0.6	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	615	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	59,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	25	...	...	151,765	...	...	255	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	50,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	44,000	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	255	...	...	452,860	...	...	360	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	605	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	131,600	...	...	76,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	106,600	...	...	67,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	151,830	...	...	245	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	67,800	...	...	46,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	55,250	...	...	40,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	265	...	...	452,795	...	...	365	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	152,800	...	...	96,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	615	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	6,730	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,245	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,475	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,245	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	16,055	...	...	35	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	16,860	...	...	35	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	14,380	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	16,415	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	17,790	...	...	35	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	17,750	...	...	35	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	36,405	...	...	45	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	37,740	...	...	60	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	37,230	...	...	40	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	35,705	...	...	50	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	34,355	...	...	35	...	...
$100,000 and over	175	...	...	303,255	...	...	165	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	40	...	...	74,975	...	...	55	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	40	...	...	58,215	...	...	40	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	45	...	...	76,310	...	...	50	...	...
$200,000 and over	50	...	...	93,755	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	615	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	7,625	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,380	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,615	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,745	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	17,335	...	...	35	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	19,015	...	...	40	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	16,770	...	...	35	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	19,345	...	...	45	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	21,320	...	...	35	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	21,155	...	...	35	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	44,695	...	...	60	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	45,520	...	...	55	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	44,095	...	...	55	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	42,705	...	...	40	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	38,715	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	160	...	...	251,600	...	...	125	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	50	...	...	78,970	...	...	45	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35	...	...	56,565	...	...	35	...	...
$150,000 and over	75	...	...	116,060	...	...	50	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	255	...	...	431,155	...	...	325	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.9	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	151,045	...	...	95	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	170	...	...	209,715	...	...	165	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	56,700	...	...	45	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	68,500	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	55	25	25	223,225	113,580	109,645	345	175	165
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	26,400	22,800	48,400	44,400	46,000	43,200	41,200	44,800	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	26,400	22,400	44,000	40,000	40,800	38,800	36,800	39,200	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	270	...	...	431,010	...	...	325	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	151,205	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	170	...	...	209,670	...	...	160	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	112,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	56,445	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	90,200	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	45	25	20	223,320	113,715	109,605	325	175	150
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,000	24,000	48,000	60,050	61,950	58,050	45,000	50,800	38,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	22,000	44,000	49,640	50,640	48,560	38,600	42,400	34,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,045	530	520	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,430	725	700
0 to 17 years	195	95	90	349,785	179,925	169,860	225	130	90
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	109,785	56,290	53,495	80	55	30
18 to 64 years	665	345	325	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	1,035	520	515
65 years and over	185	90	100	209,135	99,390	109,740	170	75	95
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	50	20	30	134,160	64,550	69,610	165	75	90
0 to 17 years	15	5	5	35,370	18,260	17,110	20	10	10
0 to 5 years	5	5	5	11,490	5,880	5,610	5	5	5
18 to 64 years	25	15	10	78,110	37,880	40,225	130	55	75
65 years and over	15	0	10	20,680	8,400	12,270	20	10	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.8	4.4	5.2	8.5	8.3	8.8	11.6	10.0	13.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	6.0	5.0	10.1	10.2	10.1	9.0	6.0	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5	12.0	10.0	16.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	4.5	3.2	7.7	7.5	7.9	12.4	10.8	14.0
65 years and over (%)	8.0	x	12.0	9.9	8.5	11.2	12.0	12.0	10.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,045	525	515	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,425	725	700
0 to 17 years	195	100	95	349,790	179,930	169,855	225	135	90
0 to 5 years	35	25	15	109,785	56,290	53,500	80	50	25
18 to 64 years	670	345	325	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	1,035	515	520
65 years and over	190	85	100	209,130	99,390	109,740	165	80	90
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	40	25	20	81,680	42,310	39,370	105	50	60
0 to 17 years	5	5	5	18,085	9,305	8,780	15	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	5,625	2,890	2,730	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	30	15	10	57,155	29,990	27,170	90	40	50
65 years and over	10	0	5	6,440	3,015	3,420	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0	4.4	3.6	5.2	5.4	5.0	7.6	6.8	8.4
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	5.0	x	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.0	4.0	6.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	8.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	5.0	3.2	5.6	6.0	5.3	8.6	8.0	9.6
65 years and over (%)	3.0	x	5.0	3.1	3.0	3.1	4.0	x	4.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,050	530	520	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,425	725	700
In bottom half of the distribution	440	230	210	673,690	328,825	344,865	885	440	445
In bottom decile	45	25	20	124,250	62,485	61,770	145	70	80
In second decile	45	25	25	132,700	62,320	70,380	195	90	100
In third decile	90	50	45	133,855	64,900	68,960	150	75	75
In fourth decile	105	50	50	138,980	68,120	70,855	210	110	100
In fifth decile	155	75	75	143,905	71,000	72,900	190	95	95
In top half of the distribution	610	300	305	898,245	453,385	444,865	540	285	255
In sixth decile	110	55	60	150,845	75,135	75,710	120	65	50
In seventh decile	140	65	75	155,985	78,075	77,910	160	70	85
In eighth decile	110	55	50	164,975	82,995	81,980	100	60	45
In ninth decile	150	70	70	181,315	91,520	89,795	115	65	50
In top decile	105	55	50	245,130	125,660	119,470	50	25	20
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,045	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	1,425	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.270	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.274	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.380	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.400	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.241	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.253	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.7	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,045	525	515	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,425	725	700
English only	920	475	445	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	1,305	675	630
French only	0	0	0	980	425	555	5	0	0
English and French	20	10	10	103,090	47,140	55,945	55	25	30
Neither English nor French	110	45	60	34,235	13,810	20,420	65	25	40
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,045	525	515	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,425	725	700
English	935	480	450	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	1,335	695	645
French	5	5	0	20,675	10,250	10,425	20	10	15
English and French	5	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	5	0	5
Neither English nor French	110	45	60	33,340	13,355	19,985	65	25	40
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,045	525	515	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,425	725	700
Single responses	930	465	465	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	1,315	670	650
Official languages	320	165	150	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	740	390	350
English	315	165	150	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	720	385	335
French	5	0	0	20,090	9,970	10,115	20	5	15
Non-official languages	615	305	315	415,050	198,790	216,260	575	280	300
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	645	270	380	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	615	305	315	414,405	198,525	215,885	575	280	300
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	35,495	18,255	17,240	55	30	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	5	0	5
Bilen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	5	10	32,085	16,545	15,535	50	30	25
Amharic	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	15	10	5
Arabic	20	5	10	21,355	11,215	10,145	25	15	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420	10	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	25	35	14,785	6,645	8,140	185	90	95
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	870	400	465	20	10	15
Vietnamese	60	25	35	13,810	6,185	7,625	165	80	85
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	10	15	55,755	24,650	31,110	155	70	85
Bikol	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	970	415	555	10	5	5
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	5	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	5	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	15	45,300	20,005	25,290	135	60	75
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	475	235	235	203,750	100,055	103,695	110	60	50
Albanian	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	10	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	5	30,225	13,960	16,270	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	5	5	29,740	13,735	16,005	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	5	7,595	3,540	4,050	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	5	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	895	435	460	5	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	17,580	8,490	9,090	5	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	5	5	5
German	0	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	5	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	5	0	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	445	225	220	106,625	53,665	52,955	60	30	30
Indo-Aryan languages	425	215	210	93,240	46,930	46,305	55	30	25
Assamese	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	10	20	6,565	3,380	3,180	10	5	5
Hindi	20	10	10	8,495	4,290	4,205	20	15	5
Kacchi	5	5	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	340	175	165	49,105	24,690	24,420	10	5	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	0	0	0
Urdu	15	5	5	17,875	8,975	8,905	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	13,350	6,720	6,630	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	0	10	10,100	5,080	5,020	5	5	0
Dari	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	1,345	685	660	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	5	45,970	22,265	23,700	25	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	5	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	5	32,170	15,475	16,695	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	10	20	68,720	31,925	36,790	35	15	20
Chinese languages	35	10	20	67,430	31,300	36,130	35	15	20
Hakka	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	31,950	14,765	17,190	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	32,755	15,315	17,435	30	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	10	5	10
Lao	0	0	0	460	220	245	10	5	10
Thai	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	10	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	10	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	115	60	50	73,050	35,515	37,535	110	55	55
English and French	0	0	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	0	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	105	55	45	58,650	28,715	29,930	90	50	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	5,680	2,595	3,085	15	5	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,045	525	515	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,425	725	700
English	265	135	130	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	735	390	340
French	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390	0	0	0
Non-official language	260	125	135	127,600	60,835	66,760	240	115	130
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	260	125	135	127,540	60,810	66,730	240	115	130
English and French	0	0	0	14,755	6,925	7,835	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	490	260	235	306,635	148,985	157,650	415	205	210
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	12,395	5,820	6,575	20	10	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,045	525	515	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,425	725	700
Single responses	920	470	450	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	1,315	680	635
Official languages	420	215	205	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	905	485	420
English	420	215	205	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	895	475	415
French	0	0	0	7,230	3,560	3,665	10	5	5
Non-official languages	495	250	245	259,415	125,675	133,740	410	200	215
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	495	250	245	259,295	125,620	133,675	410	200	215
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	22,515	11,260	11,260	45	20	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	5	0	5
Bilen	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	20,280	10,165	10,115	45	20	20
Amharic	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	5	5	0
Arabic	10	5	5	12,825	6,490	6,335	20	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865	10	5	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	30	9,940	4,535	5,405	140	65	75
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	465	205	260	15	5	10
Vietnamese	45	20	25	9,395	4,280	5,110	130	60	70
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	5	10	35,275	16,595	18,675	125	60	65
Bikol	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	505	240	265	5	0	5
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	20	10	10
Indonesian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	10	29,630	13,885	15,750	95	45	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	15	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	390	205	185	122,940	60,715	62,220	50	25	25
Albanian	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	14,005	6,710	7,295	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	13,790	6,605	7,190	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	0	5	5	3,015	1,450	1,560	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	715	335	375	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	980	470	515	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	370	190	175	79,180	39,590	39,590	40	20	20
Indo-Aryan languages	350	185	170	70,335	35,225	35,110	35	15	15
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	5	5	4,225	2,175	2,045	0	0	0
Hindi	15	10	10	5,510	2,770	2,740	10	5	5
Kacchi	10	5	5	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	300	160	140	40,675	20,425	20,245	5	5	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0
Urdu	15	10	5	12,930	6,420	6,510	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	8,825	4,360	4,475	5	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	5	6,765	3,325	3,435	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	25,440	12,340	13,100	5	5	0
Catalan	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	19,825	9,605	10,215	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	47,945	22,570	25,375	25	15	10
Chinese languages	25	10	10	47,025	22,110	24,915	25	15	10
Hakka	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	23,970	11,440	12,530	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10	21,815	10,130	11,685	25	15	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	500	230	270	5	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	205	100	105	5	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	130	60	65	75,555	36,865	38,685	115	45	65
English and French	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	10	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	125	60	70	69,995	34,230	35,770	105	45	60
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	1,630	760	875	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,050	530	515	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	1,425	725	700
None	620	305	315	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	1,070	545	530
English	170	95	75	104,745	51,660	53,085	140	70	70
French	0	0	0	11,450	5,290	6,160	5	0	0
Non-official language	200	100	100	127,610	60,685	66,920	170	90	80
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	200	100	100	126,970	60,410	66,565	170	90	80
English and French	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	16,885	8,395	8,490	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	14,095	6,810	7,285	20	10	15
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,415	700	710
Official languages	925	460	470	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	1,310	670	645
English	925	460	470	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	1,310	670	645
French	25	0	20	103,915	47,090	56,830	25	15	15
Non-official languages	775	385	390	562,910	270,945	291,960	750	370	380
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	775	385	390	561,340	270,320	291,010	750	370	380
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	54,595	28,250	26,345	90	55	35
Berber languages	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	50,645	26,150	24,495	90	55	35
Amharic	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	15	10	0
Arabic	0	0	0	35,250	18,505	16,750	55	30	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	30	15	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35	20,885	9,635	11,250	280	135	150
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	15	10	10
Vietnamese	70	35	35	19,415	8,900	10,515	275	130	145
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	60	20	40	76,815	33,930	42,890	200	95	105
Bikol	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	35	20	15
Cebuano	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	40	20	25
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	15	40	72,900	32,140	40,755	190	90	100
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	30	15	20
Kannada	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	30	15	20
Telugu	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	560	285	265	286,570	140,880	145,685	80	40	40
Albanian	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	15	37,905	17,730	20,175	15	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	15	37,610	17,610	20,005	15	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	15	0	10	9,380	4,430	4,950	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	15	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	15	0	0
German	0	0	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	15	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	540	280	255	143,590	72,720	70,870	30	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages	480	255	225	128,685	65,260	63,425	30	10	15
Assamese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0
Gujarati	30	15	20	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0
Hindi	110	55	55	45,340	22,980	22,370	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	435	230	205	68,525	34,920	33,610	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	40	30	10	31,710	16,195	15,515	25	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	60	30	30	17,245	8,665	8,570	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	45	25	20	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	35	15	20	13,270	6,700	6,570	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	80,155	38,210	41,945	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	60,770	28,640	32,125	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	35	45	82,875	39,220	43,660	80	40	40
Chinese languages	80	35	45	81,080	38,330	42,750	80	40	40
Hakka	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	46,460	21,635	24,825	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	35	45	42,910	20,105	22,800	70	30	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,420	700	710
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	53,700	25,250	28,450	65	30	35
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	51,520	24,220	27,300	65	30	35
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	22,470	10,235	12,230	20	15	0
Métis	0	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790	45	20	30
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,025	505	520	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	1,350	670	680
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,420	700	710
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	17,145	7,900	9,240	20	10	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,025	505	520	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	1,395	690	705
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	605	...	...
Owner	265	...	...	431,680	...	...	275	...	...
Renter	30	...	...	172,945	...	...	325	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	605	...	...
Condominium	15	...	...	138,505	...	...	375	...	...
Not condominium	280	...	...	466,125	...	...	225	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	605	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	25	...	...
1 bedroom	20	...	...	63,480	...	...	235	...	...
2 bedrooms	0	...	...	132,670	...	...	140	...	...
3 bedrooms	95	...	...	208,570	...	...	70	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	180	...	...	196,735	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	605	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	40	...	...	168,320	...	...	345	...	...
5 rooms	65	...	...	92,700	...	...	85	...	...
6 rooms	45	...	...	85,005	...	...	50	...	...
7 rooms	35	...	...	74,790	...	...	40	...	...
8 or more rooms	105	...	...	183,815	...	...	75	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.3	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	605	...	...
One person or fewer per room	260	...	...	587,240	...	...	575	...	...
More than one person per room	30	...	...	17,390	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	605	...	...
Suitable	275	...	...	576,220	...	...	550	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	28,410	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	605	...	...
1960 or before	10	...	...	48,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	0	...	...	146,775	...	...	25	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	67,920	...	...	45	...	...
1991 to 2000	215	...	...	93,515	...	...	230	...	...
2001 to 2005	40	...	...	63,060	...	...	160	...	...
2006 to 2010	10	...	...	64,550	...	...	105	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	25	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	605	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	290	...	...	578,295	...	...	580	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...	26,340	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	605	...	...
One-maintainer household	85	...	...	286,505	...	...	370	...	...
Two-maintainer household	135	...	...	282,890	...	...	175	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	75	...	...	35,230	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	605	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	15,275	...	...	20	...	...
25 to 34 years	0	...	...	95,360	...	...	95	...	...
35 to 44 years	55	...	...	132,875	...	...	120	...	...
45 to 54 years	55	...	...	121,200	...	...	140	...	...
55 to 64 years	100	...	...	114,325	...	...	145	...	...
65 to 74 years	60	...	...	78,705	...	...	75	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	34,680	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	295	...	...	599,605	...	...	600	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	245	...	...	466,085	...	...	350	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	50	...	...	133,520	...	...	250	...	...
30% to less than 100%	45	...	...	119,800	...	...	230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	600	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	174,520	...	...	300	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	40	...	...	121,340	...	...	225	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	22,225	...	...	40	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	17,480	...	...	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	230	...	...	430,110	...	...	305	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	290	...	...	585,885	...	...	580	...	...
In core need	25	...	...	55,440	...	...	140	...	...
Not in core need	265	...	...	530,445	...	...	445	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	265	...	...	429,490	...	...	280	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.5	...	...	65.7	...	...	69.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.2	...	...	17.4	...	...	37.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.7	...	...	5.3	...	...	18.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...	1,740	...	...	1,540	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,560	...	...	1,792	...	...	1,440	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	332,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	300,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25	...	...	172,840	...	...	320	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.5	...	...	4.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	34.5	...	...	45.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	20.2	...	...	29.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,350	...	...	1,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,900	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,244	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,030	505	520	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	1,415	705	715
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	25	15	10
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	25	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	25	15	10
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	47,230	22,330	24,905	25	0	15
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	45,875	21,725	24,145	25	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	20	0	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,020	505	520	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	1,375	685	685
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,030	505	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,415	705	715
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	870	415	450	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	1,180	600	575
Canadian citizens aged under 18	190	90	95	325,765	167,940	157,820	215	120	100
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	680	325	355	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	960	480	475
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	155	95	70	174,615	83,940	90,680	240	105	140
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,030	505	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,415	705	715
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	460	235	225	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	705	355	345
Immigrants⁸¹	545	255	290	473,580	227,640	245,935	675	335	345
Before 1980	60	20	40	56,750	27,435	29,320	40	25	20
1980 to 1990	145	70	75	44,975	21,950	23,020	100	60	45
1991 to 2000	90	35	50	67,220	32,280	34,935	100	40	60
2001 to 2010	180	85	95	127,170	61,140	66,030	160	75	85
2011 to 2021⁸²	80	50	30	177,465	84,835	92,630	270	130	140
2011 to 2015	50	35	10	89,810	43,015	46,795	170	90	80
2016 to 2021	30	15	15	87,650	41,815	45,835	100	40	60
Non-permanent residents⁸³	25	20	10	28,410	14,945	13,470	35	10	30
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	545	260	290	473,580	227,640	245,935	675	335	340
Under 5 years	20	10	10	41,205	20,985	20,220	45	20	20
5 to 14 years	55	30	25	79,795	41,370	38,425	85	50	35
15 to 24 years	140	55	80	82,830	37,905	44,930	145	80	70
25 to 44 years	250	130	125	223,080	105,885	117,190	305	145	165
45 years and over	85	40	45	46,670	21,495	25,170	95	40	55
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	545	260	290	473,580	227,640	245,935	675	335	340
Americas	0	0	0	50,280	23,315	26,970	30	20	10
Brazil	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	15	10	10
Mexico	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	10	10	0
Europe	30	0	20	83,855	41,815	42,040	35	20	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	10	0	10
Croatia	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	27,675	14,575	13,095	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	13,840	7,005	6,835	15	15	0
Africa	35	20	15	55,355	27,975	27,385	50	25	20
Algeria	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	10	10	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	25	20	10
Morocco	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	20	15	18,410	9,205	9,210	0	0	0
Asia	485	230	250	279,930	132,545	147,390	560	260	300
Afghanistan	40	20	15	4,275	2,115	2,160	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	10	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	15	15	36,925	16,915	20,015	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0
Philippines	45	20	30	71,315	31,605	39,715	180	85	95
Viet Nam	75	30	40	16,350	7,325	9,030	215	100	115
Bangladesh	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0
India	250	125	120	61,580	30,730	30,850	25	15	15
Pakistan	25	10	15	19,425	9,810	9,615	25	0	20
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	22,735	10,640	12,090	35	15	25
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	30	15	15	87,650	41,815	45,830	100	40	60
Americas	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	10	0	0
France	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	10	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	15	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	25	10	10	55,100	25,850	29,250	75	30	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	15	10	10	14,870	7,455	7,420	10	0	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	40	20	25
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,415	700	710
First generation¹⁰⁰	575	270	300	518,345	251,010	267,335	720	350	375
Second generation¹⁰¹	320	160	165	329,675	166,505	163,165	265	150	120
Third generation or more¹⁰²	130	75	55	723,920	364,750	359,170	425	205	220
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	490	240	245	416,830	200,210	216,615	635	310	325
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	175	90	85	235,880	118,150	117,730	210	100	110
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	70	45	20	95,815	58,035	37,780	95	40	50
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	100	45	65	140,065	60,120	79,950	120	60	65
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	225	100	130	117,720	48,395	69,330	255	100	155
Refugees¹⁰⁸	90	55	40	58,995	31,595	27,395	155	100	60
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	15	15	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	490	240	245	416,830	200,210	216,615	635	310	325
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	20	10	14,765	8,620	6,145	20	15	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	25	15	10	53,180	23,440	29,750	85	30	55
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	15	10	10
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	415	195	220	313,060	149,760	163,300	505	260	245
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,420	700	710
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	870	430	440	575,650	282,735	292,910	905	440	460
South Asian	495	260	235	154,385	78,430	75,955	75	35	45
Chinese	55	30	25	93,975	45,570	48,410	55	30	30
Black	50	25	25	76,470	38,665	37,800	105	60	50
Filipino	80	25	50	92,235	42,365	49,880	260	130	130
Arab	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	55	30	30
Latin American	0	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	85	40	45	28,720	13,405	15,310	255	110	145
West Asian	75	35	40	15,765	8,040	7,720	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	30	15	15	20,840	10,195	10,645	70	40	30
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	155	80	80	996,285	499,530	496,755	515	265	250
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,415	705	715
Canadian	70	40	30	168,075	87,325	80,750	125	65	60
English	25	0	20	276,300	136,835	139,465	85	35	55
Irish	15	10	0	202,260	98,040	104,225	90	40	50
Scottish	15	10	0	235,385	115,820	119,575	85	35	50
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20	15	0	104,160	50,935	53,225	60	30	30
German	30	25	0	197,770	97,860	99,910	65	30	30
Chinese	100	35	65	99,705	48,045	51,650	100	55	45
Italian	0	0	0	44,840	22,330	22,510	25	20	0
Indian (India)	240	120	120	77,900	39,545	38,355	50	20	25
Ukrainian	15	10	0	89,615	43,675	45,940	35	10	30
Dutch	0	0	0	53,665	26,510	27,155	15	0	10
Polish	10	0	10	53,675	25,885	27,790	15	0	10
Québécois	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	53,825	27,135	26,690	0	0	0
Filipino	70	20	45	86,850	40,140	46,710	215	105	110
French Canadian	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	25	20	0
Métis	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	28,815	14,565	14,250	25	20	0
Russian	0	0	0	36,090	16,840	19,255	25	15	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	44,865	21,320	23,545	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	10	0	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	15	0	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	10	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	30	10	20
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	40	20	20
Jewish	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0
Punjabi	110	65	45	20,085	10,145	9,940	0	0	0
Vietnamese	100	40	60	22,750	10,685	12,065	300	140	165
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	65	35	30
Greek	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	15	10	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	25	10	15
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	15	0	10
Lebanese	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	15	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	0	0	0
Sikh	100	55	50	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0
Austrian	20	10	10	13,225	6,465	6,765	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	0	0	0
Muslim	50	25	25	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	10	10	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	25	15	15
Berber	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	25	10	10
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,030	510	525	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,420	705	710
Buddhist	30	20	10	22,425	9,955	12,470	130	65	70
Christian	260	115	145	713,465	336,705	376,760	630	305	325
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	40	20	20	153,665	73,675	79,985	115	50	60
Anabaptist	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	35,625	16,415	19,210	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	0	0	0
Catholic	185	70	110	312,410	149,290	163,120	335	165	170
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	40	30	15
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	15	10	10
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	50	15	35
Presbyterian	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	51,720	22,415	29,305	30	15	15
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10	10	0	43,375	20,405	22,970	0	0	0
Hindu	55	35	20	35,335	18,180	17,155	40	20	20
Jewish	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0
Muslim	165	75	90	101,285	51,675	49,610	90	45	50
Sikh	315	165	150	56,230	28,325	27,905	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	15	10	10
No religion and secular perspectives	200	105	100	623,560	328,795	294,765	505	265	240
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,030	505	520	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	1,395	690	700
Non-movers	960	470	495	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	1,190	605	590
Movers	65	40	30	209,550	104,275	105,275	200	85	115
Non-migrants	55	30	20	147,415	73,505	73,910	145	75	75
Migrants	15	10	0	62,135	30,765	31,365	55	20	40
Internal migrants	10	0	0	47,380	23,440	23,940	30	0	25
Intraprovincial migrants	10	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	10	0	10
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	25	0	20
External migrants	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	25	15	15
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,000	495	510	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	1,365	675	690
Non-movers	825	385	435	863,155	429,060	434,095	810	400	410
Movers	175	105	75	619,175	307,300	311,880	555	270	285
Non-migrants	135	75	65	363,260	181,560	181,700	310	150	165
Migrants	40	30	10	255,920	125,740	130,180	240	120	125
Internal migrants	20	20	0	177,420	87,415	90,005	150	80	70
Intraprovincial migrants	15	15	0	112,590	55,855	56,735	55	20	35
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	64,830	31,560	33,270	95	60	25
External migrants	25	10	10	78,500	38,320	40,180	100	40	55
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	860	425	435	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	1,235	615	620
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	210	85	120	182,850	95,955	86,895	370	205	170
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	650	340	315	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	860	415	450
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	575	280	290	886,650	437,700	448,950	875	430	445
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115	50	65	79,025	43,715	35,310	230	120	115
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	460	225	230	807,620	393,985	413,640	640	315	325
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	860	425	435	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,235	615	615
No certificate, diploma or degree	190	75	115	163,710	84,360	79,350	335	180	155
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	245	130	110	339,400	169,445	169,950	455	235	225
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	425	220	205	775,265	377,350	397,915	450	205	245
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	240	125	115	348,595	174,345	174,250	305	155	155
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	60	45	15	84,805	63,760	21,050	105	80	25
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	25	10	29,285	16,610	12,680	35	20	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	25	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	70	55	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	140	50	90	221,065	92,585	128,480	175	65	110
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	30	0	42,725	18,000	24,720	30	10	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	185	95	95	426,670	203,005	223,660	140	50	95
Bachelor's degree	135	75	60	294,610	137,240	157,375	100	40	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	0	22,475	10,080	12,390	15	0	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	0	0	0
Master's degree	30	0	20	86,005	42,875	43,130	25	10	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	570	280	295	886,650	437,700	448,950	870	430	440
No certificate, diploma or degree	105	45	55	66,625	36,450	30,175	205	95	110
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	125	60	65	197,715	102,665	95,045	295	150	140
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	340	175	170	622,315	298,585	323,730	380	185	190
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	195	105	90	266,590	133,640	132,950	245	135	110
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	45	35	10	63,270	48,090	15,175	95	70	25
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	15	10	20,715	12,025	8,685	30	20	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	20	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	60	50	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	120	40	80	170,270	71,565	98,700	130	55	70
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	30	0	33,050	13,985	19,070	25	10	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	150	65	80	355,720	164,940	190,775	135	50	85
Bachelor's degree	110	60	55	244,340	111,530	132,810	90	45	50
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	15	0	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	0	0	0
Master's degree	30	0	25	74,335	35,965	38,370	25	10	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	860	420	435	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,235	620	620
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	435	210	225	503,110	253,805	249,305	785	410	375
Education	20	0	20	46,605	10,200	36,405	25	0	20
13. Education	20	0	20	46,605	10,200	36,405	25	0	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	23,385	9,460	13,925	10	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	20,825	7,530	13,295	0	0	0
Humanities	50	20	30	34,000	12,365	21,635	40	15	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	7,415	1,915	5,495	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	15	15	11,560	4,095	7,460	20	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	15	35	83,860	28,790	55,065	0	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	15,515	5,275	10,245	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	25	10	10	30,700	14,865	15,830	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	80	40	40	177,710	75,825	101,885	75	10	70
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	75	35	40	168,935	74,160	94,770	75	10	65
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	39,940	20,670	19,265	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	36,465	23,975	12,485	40	35	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	40	35	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	110	105	10	173,505	149,155	24,355	125	115	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	0	0	0
14. Engineering	45	40	0	66,620	53,075	13,545	30	25	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	25	25	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	20	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	28,060	27,225	835	25	25	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	22,210	21,530	675	30	30	0
48. Precision production	20	20	0	11,885	11,515	375	25	25	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	15,905	7,900	8,005	15	0	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	10	0	10
Health and related fields	70	10	55	111,080	22,865	88,215	80	0	75
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65	0	55	98,680	16,900	81,780	70	0	65
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	15	0	32,595	16,030	16,565	30	10	20
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950	15	0	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	15	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	575	275	290	886,650	437,700	448,950	870	430	440
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	230	105	120	264,340	139,115	125,220	495	245	250
Education	10	0	10	33,450	6,965	26,475	25	0	20
13. Education	10	0	10	33,450	6,965	26,475	25	0	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	0	0	0
Humanities	40	15	30	26,945	9,460	17,490	35	15	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	15	6,035	1,555	4,480	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	15	20	9,440	3,220	6,225	20	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	0	30	69,810	23,220	46,590	0	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	25,655	12,155	13,505	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	70	35	35	145,930	61,450	84,480	50	10	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	70	35	35	138,835	60,195	78,640	50	10	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	31,330	20,720	10,615	35	35	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	35	35	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	100	85	0	138,260	116,630	21,630	110	100	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	0	0	0
14. Engineering	35	30	0	55,310	43,055	12,260	25	25	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	25	20	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	20	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	21,755	21,035	720	20	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	16,875	16,295	580	25	25	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	8,785	8,485	305	20	20	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	15	0	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	10	0	10
Health and related fields	50	0	40	88,715	18,735	69,980	60	0	55
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	0	40	78,745	14,010	64,730	55	0	55
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	15	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	25	10	15
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	15	0	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	15	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	575	275	290	886,650	437,700	448,950	870	430	440
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	230	105	120	264,340	139,115	125,220	495	245	250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	345	170	175	622,310	298,585	323,730	380	190	190
Location of study inside Canada	235	120	120	455,590	220,680	234,910	265	150	105
Same as province or territory of residence	200	90	110	328,175	157,540	170,630	170	110	65
Different than province or territory of residence	35	25	15	127,410	63,135	64,275	90	45	45
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	105	50	55	166,725	77,905	88,820	115	30	85
Americas	10	0	10	28,670	14,305	14,360	15	10	0
United States of America	10	0	10	17,465	9,425	8,040	10	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	10	0	10
Belgium	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	15	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0
Asia	90	50	40	91,990	39,695	52,295	80	20	65
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	0	0	0
Philippines	15	10	0	30,585	12,115	18,470	55	15	45
Viet Nam	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	70	40	30	25,005	11,780	13,225	10	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	860	425	435	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,235	615	615
In the labour force	565	295	275	882,705	463,170	419,540	845	420	425
Employed	465	245	225	776,015	408,675	367,335	715	350	365
Unemployed	100	50	50	106,695	54,490	52,205	130	70	60
Not in the labour force	295	130	165	395,665	167,985	227,680	390	195	195
Participation rate	65.7	69.4	63.2	69.0	73.4	64.8	68.4	68.3	69.1
Employment rate	54.1	57.6	51.7	60.7	64.8	56.8	57.9	56.9	59.3
Unemployment rate	17.7	16.9	18.2	12.1	11.8	12.4	15.4	16.7	14.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	860	420	435	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,235	620	620
Did not work¹⁸⁶	340	140	200	422,665	183,645	239,020	485	240	245
Worked	520	285	240	855,710	447,510	408,200	750	375	375
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	270	135	135	450,195	257,535	192,655	425	260	165
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	255	155	95	405,520	189,970	215,550	330	120	210
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	39.0	41.0	40.7	41.5	39.8	41.7	43.6	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	565	290	270	882,710	463,165	419,540	845	420	425
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	10	15	29,010	14,020	14,995	35	20	15
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	540	290	255	853,695	449,150	404,550	805	400	405
Employee	450	220	235	715,140	365,090	350,050	715	355	360
Permanent position	350	165	190	600,125	311,480	288,645	620	320	305
Temporary position	100	55	40	115,020	53,615	61,405	95	40	60
Fixed term (1 year or more)	30	10	20	37,760	16,790	20,970	30	0	25
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	70	45	20	77,260	36,820	40,435	65	30	35
Self-employed¹⁹²	90	65	25	138,550	84,060	54,500	90	45	45
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	565	290	270	882,710	463,165	419,540	845	420	425
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	10	15	29,010	14,020	14,995	35	20	15
All occupations¹⁹¹	540	290	255	853,695	449,150	404,550	805	400	405
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	60	20	35	161,170	53,245	107,930	95	20	75
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	50	35	15	94,565	72,340	22,225	65	55	10
3 Health occupations	40	0	35	69,305	13,810	55,490	45	0	45
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	35	15	25	92,850	30,655	62,195	40	10	25
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	210	90	120	209,115	94,840	114,280	280	90	190
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	120	110	10	147,375	132,085	15,290	205	185	20
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	15	10	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	10	10	25,565	19,070	6,490	60	35	25
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	565	290	270	882,710	463,165	419,540	845	420	425
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	10	15	29,010	14,020	14,995	35	20	15
All industries¹⁹¹	540	290	255	853,695	449,150	404,550	805	400	405
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	0	15	39,750	26,465	13,290	10	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	0	0	0
23 Construction	45	45	0	75,665	63,720	11,945	80	65	15
31-33 Manufacturing	10	0	0	41,545	30,255	11,295	75	50	25
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	30	15	15
44-45 Retail trade	85	45	45	96,885	46,555	50,330	100	30	65
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	55	45	10	56,135	40,670	15,470	95	70	25
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	10	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	25	10	15	30,760	13,930	16,825	10	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15	15	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	15	10	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	40	35	10	96,185	55,190	40,995	55	40	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30	20	10	37,790	21,285	16,510	70	45	30
61 Educational services	25	10	10	55,510	16,805	38,700	20	10	10
62 Health care and social assistance	45	0	35	107,190	20,475	86,720	75	0	75
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20	0	20	17,830	8,980	8,850	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	65	30	40	49,900	22,440	27,460	65	30	35
81 Other services (except public administration)	30	10	15	37,065	16,090	20,975	70	25	45
91 Public administration	25	25	0	31,305	16,235	15,075	20	15	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	590	315	275	926,320	483,455	442,860	860	420	435
English	530	270	255	878,705	460,305	418,400	780	390	385
French	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	25	15	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	35	10	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	15	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	35	10	20
English and French	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	35	25	0	30,355	15,535	14,825	35	15	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	590	315	275	926,320	483,455	442,860	860	420	435
Single responses	590	315	275	919,325	479,835	439,490	850	420	435
Official languages	555	285	265	906,220	473,040	433,180	810	400	405
English	555	285	265	903,745	472,395	431,350	810	400	405
French	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0
Non-official languages	40	30	10	13,105	6,795	6,310	40	15	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	30	10	13,090	6,795	6,300	40	15	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	840	330	510	15	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	820	320	505	15	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	25	10	5,395	2,930	2,465	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	25	10	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	35	25	10	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	10	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	7,000	3,625	3,375	10	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5,765	3,065	2,695	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	590	315	275	926,320	483,455	442,860	860	420	435
None	550	285	265	893,045	467,350	425,695	820	410	415
English	10	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	0	0	0
Non-official language	15	15	0	17,585	8,825	8,760	20	10	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	15	0	17,465	8,780	8,690	20	10	10
English and French	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	470	245	225	776,010	408,680	367,335	715	350	365
Worked at home	80	45	35	215,520	105,290	110,230	80	45	40
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	70	60	10	113,260	83,885	29,375	140	80	60
Usual place of work	310	135	175	444,410	217,405	227,005	495	230	265
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	315	135	175	444,410	217,405	227,005	495	230	265
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	275	110	165	361,065	170,000	191,065	450	210	235
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	40	30	10	69,230	37,715	31,505	40	20	25
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	385	200	190	557,670	301,290	256,380	635	315	320
Car, truck or van	340	180	165	473,465	261,055	212,410	520	255	260
Car, truck or van - as a driver	335	175	165	441,645	249,990	191,655	465	250	215
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	10	0	31,820	11,060	20,755	50	10	40
Public transit	25	0	25	40,930	17,775	23,165	95	40	50
Walked	0	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325	10	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0
Other method	10	10	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	385	200	190	557,670	301,290	256,380	635	315	320
Less than 15 minutes	55	25	25	128,460	58,155	70,310	130	45	85
15 to 29 minutes	200	115	80	242,460	130,855	111,610	305	150	150
30 to 44 minutes	105	45	55	125,765	75,100	50,660	120	85	35
45 to 59 minutes	25	10	20	31,050	18,505	12,545	40	15	25
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	29,930	18,665	11,265	35	15	20
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	385	200	190	557,670	301,290	256,380	635	315	320
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	25	15	10	37,665	27,280	10,390	40	25	20
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	50	25	25	100,900	63,500	37,400	140	75	70
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	65	30	35	143,455	75,755	67,700	150	70	75
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	75	35	45	105,095	50,620	54,475	60	25	30
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	70	35	40	79,595	35,415	44,180	120	55	70
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	100	65	35	90,950	48,715	42,230	125	60	60
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	200	100	95	356,225	183,250	172,980	230	135	95
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	5	25,335	12,890	12,445	15	10	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190	95	95	330,890	170,360	160,535	215	130	90
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	165	80	80	259,535	133,590	125,945	155	85	70
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	5	18,890	9,625	9,270	15	5	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	9,575	4,670	4,910	5	5	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	9,315	4,955	4,360	0	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	155	75	80	240,640	123,965	116,675	145	80	65

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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