Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48061956More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48061806More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	540	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	562	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	188	...	...	638,160	...	...	209	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	187	...	...	604,628	...	...	205	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5,953.7	...	...	126.1	...	...	3,985.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.09	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	0.14	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	540	265	270	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	565	255	305
0 to 14 years	120	60	60	294,075	151,285	142,785	120	55	65
0 to 4 years	40	20	20	89,790	46,155	43,630	45	20	20
5 to 9 years	45	20	25	100,905	51,680	49,225	35	15	20
10 to 14 years	40	20	20	103,380	53,450	49,930	40	20	25
15 to 64 years	405	200	200	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	410	190	225
15 to 19 years	40	30	15	92,025	47,355	44,675	40	20	15
20 to 24 years	25	15	15	91,515	47,260	44,260	40	15	25
25 to 29 years	35	20	20	101,235	50,320	50,915	40	20	25
30 to 34 years	55	25	30	123,235	60,255	62,980	45	20	25
35 to 39 years	45	20	20	132,045	64,950	67,095	45	15	20
40 to 44 years	55	35	25	121,735	60,110	61,625	45	20	20
45 to 49 years	65	25	35	111,345	55,485	55,860	55	20	35
50 to 54 years	40	15	20	103,325	51,835	51,490	45	25	20
55 to 59 years	25	15	15	101,580	50,260	51,320	40	15	25
60 to 64 years	20	10	5	96,735	47,710	49,020	20	10	10
65 years and over	20	5	10	221,795	103,495	118,300	30	10	20
65 to 69 years	10	5	0	78,095	38,250	39,845	10	5	10
70 to 74 years	5	5	5	58,785	28,310	30,475	10	5	0
75 to 79 years	0	0	0	36,570	17,235	19,340	5	0	5
80 to 84 years	0	0	0	23,750	10,405	13,350	0	0	0
85 years and over	0	0	0	24,595	9,300	15,290	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	15,285	6,230	9,050	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.2	22.6	22.2	18.5	19.1	17.8	21.2	21.6	21.3
15 to 64 years	75.0	75.5	74.1	67.6	67.8	67.4	72.6	74.5	73.8
65 years and over	3.7	1.9	3.7	13.9	13.1	14.8	5.3	3.9	6.6
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.5	1.2	1.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	32.9	32.2	33.6	38.9	38.3	39.6	34.4	33.8	34.8
Median age of the population	34.4	33.2	34.8	38.4	38.0	39.2	34.8	34.0	35.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	185	...	...	604,630	...	...	205	...	...
Single-detached house	185	...	...	351,925	...	...	205	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	39,065	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	57,180	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	21,855	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	89,225	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	205	...	...
1 person	30	...	...	151,770	...	...	35	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	196,980	...	...	65	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	96,165	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	97,780	...	...	45	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	61,930	...	...	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	540	265	270	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	565	255	305
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	420	210	210	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	445	200	245
Married or living common-law	255	125	130	773,480	387,015	386,465	265	130	140
Married	205	100	105	657,160	328,650	328,510	205	95	105
Living common-law	45	25	25	116,320	58,365	57,960	65	30	30
Living common law - Never married	35	20	15	87,265	43,935	43,330	50	25	25
Living common law - Separated	0	0	5	4,035	2,145	1,890	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	23,185	11,490	11,690	15	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	170	85	80	523,090	252,020	271,065	175	70	105
Not married and not living common law - Never married	115	65	45	364,145	197,890	166,255	125	60	70
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	5	10	29,375	12,665	16,710	5	0	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	35	10	20	79,920	30,945	48,970	30	10	25
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	49,640	10,520	39,125	10	0	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	155	...	...	438,900	...	...	165	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	204,395	...	...	65	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	94,815	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	50	...	...	97,660	...	...	45	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	42,025	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	150	...	...	438,900	...	...	165	...	...
Total couple families	125	...	...	377,050	...	...	135	...	...
Married couples	100	...	...	318,890	...	...	100	...	...
With children⁶	70	...	...	190,345	...	...	80	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	128,545	...	...	25	...	...
Common-law couples	25	...	...	58,160	...	...	35	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	19,165	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	38,995	...	...	25	...	...
Total one-parent families	30	...	...	61,850	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	47,785	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	14,065	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	540	265	275	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	560	255	305
Total - Persons in census families	470	230	235	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	490	235	260
Married spouses or common-law partners	250	125	130	754,090	377,085	377,010	265	130	135
Parents in one-parent families	30	5	25	61,855	14,065	47,790	30	5	25
Children⁶	190	100	90	492,710	260,395	232,315	195	95	100
In a two-parent family	145	75	65	396,580	208,580	188,000	155	70	80
In a one-parent family	50	20	25	96,130	51,815	44,315	45	25	20
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	70	40	35	263,280	130,670	132,615	70	20	50
Living alone	25	15	15	151,765	71,605	80,165	35	15	20
Living with other relatives⁷	15	5	5	40,060	17,085	22,975	5	5	5
Living with non-relatives only	30	20	15	71,460	41,975	29,480	30	10	20
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	205	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	130	...	...	375,185	...	...	150	...	...
Couple-family households	105	...	...	328,515	...	...	120	...	...
With children⁶	75	...	...	182,665	...	...	80	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	145,845	...	...	40	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	46,670	...	...	25	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	20,165	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5	...	...	4,730	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	15	...	...	22,485	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	30,295	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	25	...	...	151,765	...	...	35	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	420	205	210	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	445	205	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	390	190	200	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	440	200	240
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200	56,400	47,200	44,800	52,400	39,200	50,000	63,600	45,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	390	190	200	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	440	200	240
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	49,600	42,000	40,400	46,000	36,000	44,400	54,400	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	370	185	185	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	405	190	220
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	52,400	44,400	40,800	50,000	32,400	50,000	66,000	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	345	175	170	922,195	474,800	447,395	355	170	185
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	55,200	45,600	42,400	50,800	34,800	55,600	68,000	46,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	335	155	175	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	365	160	205
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,200	3,160	6,900	7,600	5,600	9,100	4,760	2,840	6,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60	25	35	136,975	64,415	72,555	55	15	35
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	5,480	7,300	5,800	5,760	5,880	6,320	x	6,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	145	75	70	384,535	184,820	199,710	130	65	75
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	10,000	7,000	11,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	435	210	225	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	380	195	180
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	405	190	215	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	380	195	180
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,400	58,000	55,200	65,500	78,400	52,850	58,800	68,000	49,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	405	190	215	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	380	195	180
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	48,800	47,200	53,050	61,750	44,560	49,400	55,200	43,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	370	185	180	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	340	180	160
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,400	52,400	54,400	62,300	76,300	48,160	56,400	66,000	45,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	340	185	155	922,200	475,075	447,125	305	165	135
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,400	52,000	55,000	60,800	73,200	47,640	58,800	68,500	47,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	370	160	210	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	340	175	170
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,360	8,000	8,700	10,020	8,930	11,050	8,680	6,360	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50	20	25	136,685	64,550	72,135	65	25	40
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,400	5,200	9,500	7,070	6,620	7,480	6,800	5,200	8,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	145	80	60	383,100	184,610	198,485	115	60	55
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,700	7,100	8,800	9,270	9,160	9,380	10,400	8,400	12,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	435	210	230	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	380	190	185
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	190	105	85	432,255	245,295	186,965	170	100	65
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	73,500	64,000	73,000	80,000	65,000	70,000	75,000	66,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,000	75,000	71,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	74,000	79,000	66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	120	55	65	374,345	173,060	201,290	105	60	40
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	23,400	25,200	20,400	23,400	18,400	20,000	17,000	22,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,800	24,000	36,000	33,960	40,480	28,360	46,000	56,000	31,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.0	88.0	84.0	86.6	90.2	81.4	87.0	92.0	80.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	79.5	86.0	74.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	80.0	86.0	70.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.5	11.6	15.4	13.4	9.8	18.5	13.4	8.4	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	0.9	2.0	1.2	0.9	1.7	2.0	1.0	3.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	5.6	5.1	5.0	3.9	6.5	5.8	4.2	8.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	5.2	4.4	4.5	3.6	5.7	5.4	3.8	7.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	420	210	210	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	445	200	240
Without total income	30	20	10	63,430	30,900	32,525	5	0	5
With total income	390	195	200	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	435	195	240
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	15	10	107,500	44,415	63,085	55	20	30
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	20	115,465	47,780	67,690	35	15	20
$20,000 to $29,999	45	20	25	178,230	78,800	99,430	50	20	25
$30,000 to $39,999	45	20	25	142,910	61,170	81,740	50	15	35
$40,000 to $49,999	40	15	20	122,655	55,960	66,690	35	15	20
$50,000 to $59,999	40	15	20	101,530	48,280	53,245	30	10	20
$60,000 to $69,999	40	20	20	85,080	42,725	42,355	25	10	15
$70,000 to $79,999	35	15	15	68,705	36,885	31,825	30	15	20
$80,000 to $89,999	25	15	5	53,900	30,515	23,385	25	15	15
$90,000 to $99,999	20	10	5	45,345	25,570	19,775	40	20	15
$100,000 and over	45	20	20	193,625	128,165	65,460	70	45	25
$100,000 to $149,999	35	20	15	113,250	69,295	43,955	55	35	20
$150,000 and over	5	0	5	80,375	58,870	21,505	10	10	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	420	210	210	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	445	200	240
Without after-tax income	30	20	10	62,710	30,505	32,210	5	0	5
With after-tax income	390	195	200	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	435	195	240
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	15	10	112,205	46,185	66,020	55	20	30
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	20	120,545	50,115	70,430	40	20	20
$20,000 to $29,999	55	20	30	201,940	89,680	112,255	55	25	30
$30,000 to $39,999	45	15	30	166,565	73,405	93,160	60	15	40
$40,000 to $49,999	50	25	30	143,135	67,430	75,705	30	10	20
$50,000 to $59,999	60	35	30	114,565	57,190	57,380	45	20	25
$60,000 to $69,999	40	20	20	87,375	47,045	40,330	40	15	20
$70,000 to $79,999	25	20	5	65,115	36,810	28,305	45	25	20
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	5	51,690	28,935	22,760	35	10	20
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	0	35,160	21,215	13,945	20	10	10
$100,000 and over	15	0	10	117,360	82,665	34,700	20	15	5
$100,000 to $124,999	10	0	5	48,950	32,240	16,710	10	5	0
$125,000 and over	5	0	0	68,410	50,430	17,985	10	10	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	420	210	210	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	445	200	240
Without employment income	70	35	40	356,175	156,380	199,795	90	35	55
With employment income	345	175	170	922,200	474,800	447,395	350	165	190
Under $5,000 (including loss)	30	20	15	116,020	54,130	61,895	35	15	15
$5,000 to $9,999	25	10	15	73,350	31,190	42,165	25	10	20
$10,000 to $19,999	40	15	25	101,970	44,705	57,260	30	15	15
$20,000 to $29,999	20	10	10	78,390	35,640	42,745	30	10	20
$30,000 to $39,999	25	10	15	73,695	34,455	39,235	20	5	10
$40,000 to $49,999	30	15	15	71,335	34,515	36,815	20	10	10
$50,000 to $59,999	35	15	20	67,050	32,805	34,245	20	5	20
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	60,120	30,900	29,220	25	15	10
$70,000 to $79,999	35	20	15	49,420	27,665	21,750	25	10	15
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	10	40,555	23,400	17,160	25	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	37,010	20,630	16,375	30	15	10
$100,000 and over	40	25	15	153,280	104,755	48,525	60	40	20
$100,000 to $124,999	25	20	5	61,175	36,970	24,210	45	25	20
$125,000 and over	15	5	10	92,100	67,780	24,320	15	15	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	420	205	210	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	445	205	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	390	190	195	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	410	180	230
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,200	54,800	46,800	44,400	53,200	37,600	56,400	70,500	48,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	390	190	195	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	410	180	230
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	48,000	40,400	40,000	46,400	34,400	50,000	57,200	43,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	370	185	185	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	390	180	215
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	54,400	45,200	43,600	52,800	35,600	54,800	70,500	46,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	350	175	175	923,490	475,205	448,285	360	170	190
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,200	57,200	44,800	44,800	53,600	37,600	60,400	69,500	51,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	325	155	175	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	335	145	195
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,020	890	2,540	1,190	960	3,040	1,030	900	1,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	45	20	25	85,480	38,765	46,720	40	10	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,160	6,400	6,080	6,450	5,680	7,200	6,800	x	8,300
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	435	210	225	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	380	195	180
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	410	190	215	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	370	190	180
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,400	58,400	50,800	65,500	80,000	51,400	60,200	69,000	51,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	410	190	215	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	370	190	180
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,800	48,800	43,200	52,650	62,600	43,000	50,600	56,400	44,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	370	185	185	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	355	185	165
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,600	57,600	53,600	65,600	80,800	50,200	58,400	67,500	48,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	355	185	170	923,490	475,385	448,110	325	175	155
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,400	57,600	57,600	64,100	77,600	49,760	58,400	68,500	47,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	350	150	200	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	315	165	150
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	4,100	5,720	6,130	5,076	7,130	5,040	2,960	7,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40	20	20	84,820	38,275	46,545	35	0	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,000	13,000	10,000	8,200	7,120	9,080	9,000	...	9,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	435	210	230	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	380	190	185
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	185	105	85	428,265	243,165	185,105	170	100	65
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	76,500	67,000	70,500	78,500	62,000	70,500	79,500	56,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,000	75,000	71,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	67,500	74,000	58,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	120	55	70	353,070	163,500	189,570	105	60	40
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,800	18,000	50,000	28,800	33,200	25,600	42,000	42,000	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,000	30,000	46,000	43,720	53,050	35,720	57,000	66,000	46,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	94.0	90.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	93.0	96.0	88.0
Employment income (%)	91.0	94.0	88.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	86.0	90.0	80.0
Government transfers (%)	7.9	5.6	10.2	7.9	5.3	11.9	7.2	3.8	12.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	2.4	2.0	0.9	0.6	1.4	1.6	x	3.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	205	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	25	...	...	151,765	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	50,400	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	44,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	160	...	...	452,860	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	195	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	131,600	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	106,600	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	151,830	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	67,800	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	55,250	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	165	...	...	452,795	...	...	145	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	152,800	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	185	...	...	604,630	...	...	205	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	6,730	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,245	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,475	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,245	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	16,055	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	16,860	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	14,380	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	16,415	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	17,790	...	...	0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	17,750	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5	...	...	36,405	...	...	5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5	...	...	37,740	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	37,230	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	35,705	...	...	5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	34,355	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	115	...	...	303,255	...	...	135	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	35	...	...	74,975	...	...	40	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	40	...	...	58,215	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	30	...	...	76,310	...	...	40	...	...
$200,000 and over	15	...	...	93,755	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	185	...	...	604,630	...	...	205	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	7,625	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,380	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,615	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,745	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	17,335	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	19,015	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	16,770	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	19,345	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	21,320	...	...	0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	21,155	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	44,695	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	45,520	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	44,095	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	42,705	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	38,715	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	90	...	...	251,600	...	...	100	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	50	...	...	78,970	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	56,565	...	...	40	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	116,060	...	...	35	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	155	...	...	431,155	...	...	165	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	151,045	...	...	50	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	80	...	...	209,715	...	...	90	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	56,700	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	68,500	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	60	30	30	223,225	113,580	109,645	65	25	40
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,000	53,600	67,500	44,400	46,000	43,200	51,200	81,000	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,200	46,800	56,800	40,000	40,800	38,800	44,000	65,000	36,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	150	...	...	431,010	...	...	140	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	151,205	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	85	...	...	209,670	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	132,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	56,445	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	90,200	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	65	30	35	223,320	113,715	109,605	80	45	35
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	64,000	56,000	72,000	60,050	61,950	58,050	70,000	88,000	48,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,000	48,000	60,000	49,640	50,640	48,560	56,000	70,000	40,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	540	265	270	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	565	255	305
0 to 17 years	140	75	70	349,785	179,925	169,860	140	65	75
0 to 5 years	45	20	25	109,785	56,290	53,495	45	25	25
18 to 64 years	375	185	195	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	390	175	215
65 years and over	20	5	10	209,135	99,390	109,740	30	10	20
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20	10	5	134,160	64,550	69,610	20	10	10
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	35,370	18,260	17,110	5	5	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	11,490	5,880	5,610	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	10	5	5	78,110	37,880	40,225	15	5	10
65 years and over	5	0	5	20,680	8,400	12,270	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	3.2	4.0	2.5	8.5	8.3	8.8	3.8	3.0	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	10.1	10.2	10.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	3.6	4.0	2.5	7.7	7.5	7.9	3.6	2.5	4.5
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	9.9	8.5	11.2	x	x	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	540	270	275	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	560	260	305
0 to 17 years	145	75	65	349,790	179,930	169,855	135	65	75
0 to 5 years	50	25	25	109,785	56,290	53,500	50	25	20
18 to 64 years	380	185	195	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	395	180	215
65 years and over	20	10	10	209,130	99,390	109,740	30	15	15
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	20	10	10	81,680	42,310	39,370	20	5	15
0 to 17 years	5	0	5	18,085	9,305	8,780	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	5,625	2,890	2,730	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	15	10	5	57,155	29,990	27,170	15	5	15
65 years and over	0	0	0	6,440	3,015	3,420	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	3.6	3.6	5.2	5.4	5.0	3.2	2.0	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	5.2	5.2	5.2	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	3.6	4.0	4.0	5.6	6.0	5.3	4.5	2.5	6.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	540	265	270	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	565	255	305
In bottom half of the distribution	230	115	115	673,690	328,825	344,865	190	80	110
In bottom decile	25	15	15	124,250	62,485	61,770	20	5	15
In second decile	30	15	15	132,700	62,320	70,380	20	5	10
In third decile	30	15	15	133,855	64,900	68,960	45	20	25
In fourth decile	75	35	35	138,980	68,120	70,855	55	25	35
In fifth decile	70	35	30	143,905	71,000	72,900	50	20	25
In top half of the distribution	315	155	160	898,245	453,385	444,865	370	175	195
In sixth decile	95	45	50	150,845	75,135	75,710	85	40	40
In seventh decile	75	40	40	155,985	78,075	77,910	75	35	45
In eighth decile	60	30	30	164,975	82,995	81,980	65	35	35
In ninth decile	55	30	30	181,315	91,520	89,795	90	40	50
In top decile	30	15	20	245,130	125,660	119,470	60	30	30
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	540	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	560	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.225	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.250	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.299	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.197	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.223	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.4	...	...	4.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	540	270	275	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	560	260	305
English only	500	250	250	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	510	235	275
French only	0	0	0	980	425	555	0	0	0
English and French	35	15	20	103,090	47,140	55,945	45	20	25
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	34,235	13,810	20,420	10	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	540	270	275	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	560	260	305
English	525	260	265	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	545	250	295
French	10	0	5	20,675	10,250	10,425	10	5	0
English and French	5	0	5	7,260	3,590	3,675	5	0	0
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	33,340	13,355	19,985	10	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	540	270	275	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	560	260	305
Single responses	515	255	260	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	555	255	300
Official languages	420	210	210	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	455	215	240
English	415	205	205	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	450	210	235
French	5	0	5	20,090	9,970	10,115	5	5	5
Non-official languages	95	50	50	415,050	198,790	216,260	100	40	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	645	270	380	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	95	50	50	414,405	198,525	215,885	100	40	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	35,495	18,255	17,240	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	32,085	16,545	15,535	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	21,355	11,215	10,145	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	14,785	6,645	8,140	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	13,810	6,185	7,625	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	20	25	55,755	24,650	31,110	15	5	10
Bikol	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	970	415	555	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	5	3,610	1,630	1,980	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	10	15	45,300	20,005	25,290	15	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	20	15	203,750	100,055	103,695	50	25	30
Albanian	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	30,225	13,960	16,270	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	5	29,740	13,735	16,005	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	5	7,595	3,540	4,050	5	0	5
Russian	5	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	895	435	460	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	17,580	8,490	9,090	5	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	0	0	0
German	5	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	106,625	53,665	52,955	20	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	93,240	46,930	46,305	15	10	5
Assamese	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	5	5	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	6,565	3,380	3,180	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	8,495	4,290	4,205	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	49,105	24,690	24,420	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	17,875	8,975	8,905	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	13,350	6,720	6,630	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10,100	5,080	5,020	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	5	45,970	22,265	23,700	25	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	5	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	32,170	15,475	16,695	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	68,720	31,925	36,790	15	10	10
Chinese languages	0	0	0	67,430	31,300	36,130	15	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	31,950	14,765	17,190	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	32,755	15,315	17,435	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	1,240	435	800	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	460	220	245	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	10	10	73,050	35,515	37,535	10	0	5
English and French	5	0	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	58,650	28,715	29,930	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,680	2,595	3,085	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	540	270	275	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	560	260	305
English	425	210	210	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	470	215	255
French	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390	0	0	0
Non-official language	30	15	15	127,600	60,835	66,760	35	15	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	15	15	127,540	60,810	66,730	35	15	15
English and French	5	5	0	14,755	6,925	7,835	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	306,635	148,985	157,650	50	25	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	12,395	5,820	6,575	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	540	270	275	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	560	260	305
Single responses	525	265	270	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	550	250	300
Official languages	465	230	230	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	500	225	270
English	465	225	230	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	500	225	270
French	0	0	0	7,230	3,560	3,665	0	0	0
Non-official languages	65	35	35	259,415	125,675	133,740	50	25	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	65	35	35	259,295	125,620	133,675	50	25	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	22,515	11,260	11,260	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	20,280	10,165	10,115	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	12,825	6,490	6,335	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,940	4,535	5,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	9,395	4,280	5,110	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	15	15	35,275	16,595	18,675	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	5	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	29,630	13,885	15,750	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	15	10	122,940	60,715	62,220	20	10	15
Albanian	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	14,005	6,710	7,295	0	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	10	13,790	6,605	7,190	0	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	715	335	375	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	980	470	515	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	79,180	39,590	39,590	15	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	70,335	35,225	35,110	15	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	0	5	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5,510	2,770	2,740	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	40,675	20,425	20,245	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,930	6,420	6,510	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	8,825	4,360	4,475	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	6,765	3,325	3,435	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	5	25,440	12,340	13,100	10	0	5
Catalan	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0
Spanish	5	5	0	19,825	9,605	10,215	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	47,945	22,570	25,375	10	5	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	47,025	22,110	24,915	10	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	23,970	11,440	12,530	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,815	10,130	11,685	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	5	5	75,555	36,865	38,685	10	5	5
English and French	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	69,995	34,230	35,770	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	540	265	270	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	560	255	305
None	460	230	230	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	515	235	280
English	25	15	15	104,745	51,660	53,085	20	10	10
French	5	0	0	11,450	5,290	6,160	0	0	0
Non-official language	35	15	20	127,610	60,685	66,920	25	10	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	35	15	20	126,970	60,410	66,565	25	10	15
English and French	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	16,885	8,395	8,490	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	14,095	6,810	7,285	5	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	555	265	290	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	460	235	225
Official languages	550	265	285	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	460	235	225
English	550	265	285	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	460	235	225
French	35	15	25	103,915	47,090	56,830	55	45	15
Non-official languages	145	60	85	562,910	270,945	291,960	125	55	70
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	145	60	85	561,340	270,320	291,010	125	55	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	54,595	28,250	26,345	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	50,645	26,150	24,495	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	35,250	18,505	16,750	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	20,885	9,635	11,250	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	19,415	8,900	10,515	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	65	20	45	76,815	33,930	42,890	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	20	45	72,900	32,140	40,755	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	30	30	286,570	140,880	145,685	85	35	45
Albanian	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	37,905	17,730	20,175	15	0	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	37,610	17,610	20,005	15	0	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950	10	0	10
Russian	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	15	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	25	15	0
Frisian	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	15	15	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	20	10	0
German	15	15	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	20	10	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	10	10	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	143,590	72,720	70,870	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	128,685	65,260	63,425	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	45,340	22,980	22,370	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	68,525	34,920	33,610	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	31,710	16,195	15,515	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	0	15	80,155	38,210	41,945	35	20	15
Catalan	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0
Spanish	20	0	15	60,770	28,640	32,125	25	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	20	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	82,875	39,220	43,660	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	81,080	38,330	42,750	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	46,460	21,635	24,825	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	42,910	20,105	22,800	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	560	270	290	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	460	235	230
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	25	20	10	53,700	25,250	28,450	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	25	20	10	51,520	24,220	27,300	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	22,470	10,235	12,230	0	0	0
Métis	25	20	10	28,475	13,685	14,790	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	530	250	285	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	455	225	230
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	560	270	290	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	460	235	230
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	17,145	7,900	9,240	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	560	270	290	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	460	235	230
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	195	...	...
Owner	165	...	...	431,680	...	...	150	...	...
Renter	30	...	...	172,945	...	...	45	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	195	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	138,505	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	195	...	...	466,125	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	195	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	63,480	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	20	...	...	132,670	...	...	15	...	...
3 bedrooms	130	...	...	208,570	...	...	130	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	50	...	...	196,735	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	195	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	25	...	...	168,320	...	...	10	...	...
5 rooms	25	...	...	92,700	...	...	50	...	...
6 rooms	50	...	...	85,005	...	...	75	...	...
7 rooms	45	...	...	74,790	...	...	35	...	...
8 or more rooms	45	...	...	183,815	...	...	25	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.3	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	195	...	...
One person or fewer per room	185	...	...	587,240	...	...	195	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	17,390	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	195	...	...
Suitable	185	...	...	576,220	...	...	195	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	28,410	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	195	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	48,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	0	...	...	146,775	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	67,920	...	...	20	...	...
1991 to 2000	145	...	...	93,515	...	...	145	...	...
2001 to 2005	40	...	...	63,060	...	...	25	...	...
2006 to 2010	10	...	...	64,550	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	195	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	190	...	...	578,295	...	...	180	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...	26,340	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	195	...	...
One-maintainer household	75	...	...	286,505	...	...	80	...	...
Two-maintainer household	110	...	...	282,890	...	...	85	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	35,230	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	195	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	15,275	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	35	...	...	95,360	...	...	35	...	...
35 to 44 years	65	...	...	132,875	...	...	30	...	...
45 to 54 years	55	...	...	121,200	...	...	50	...	...
55 to 64 years	20	...	...	114,325	...	...	40	...	...
65 to 74 years	15	...	...	78,705	...	...	20	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	34,680	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	190	...	...	599,605	...	...	190	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	165	...	...	466,085	...	...	150	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	30	...	...	133,520	...	...	40	...	...
30% to less than 100%	30	...	...	119,800	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	190	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	174,520	...	...	50	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	30	...	...	121,340	...	...	40	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	22,225	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	17,480	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	155	...	...	430,110	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	190	...	...	585,885	...	...	185	...	...
In core need	20	...	...	55,440	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	175	...	...	530,445	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	160	...	...	429,490	...	...	150	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	93.8	...	...	65.7	...	...	80.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.5	...	...	17.4	...	...	26.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,880	...	...	1,740	...	...	1,840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,840	...	...	1,792	...	...	1,720	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	392,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	384,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	420,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30	...	...	172,840	...	...	40	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	34.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	20.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,350	...	...	1,540	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,900	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,650	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	555	265	285	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	465	235	225
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10	0	0	47,230	22,330	24,905	10	10	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10	0	0	45,875	21,725	24,145	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	10	10	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	545	260	285	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	450	220	225
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	555	265	290	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	460	235	225
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	525	255	265	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	440	215	215
Canadian citizens aged under 18	145	75	75	325,765	167,940	157,820	80	35	45
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	375	180	195	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	355	175	175
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	30	0	20	174,615	83,940	90,680	25	15	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	555	265	290	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	460	235	225
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	440	215	220	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	335	160	170
Immigrants⁸¹	115	50	70	473,580	227,640	245,935	130	70	55
Before 1980	0	0	0	56,750	27,435	29,320	25	10	10
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	44,975	21,950	23,020	10	0	0
1991 to 2000	15	0	10	67,220	32,280	34,935	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	35	15	20	127,170	61,140	66,030	50	30	15
2011 to 2021⁸²	70	30	40	177,465	84,835	92,630	40	25	10
2011 to 2015	45	20	25	89,810	43,015	46,795	20	10	10
2016 to 2021	25	15	15	87,650	41,815	45,835	20	15	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	28,410	14,945	13,470	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	115	50	70	473,580	227,640	245,935	130	70	55
Under 5 years	0	0	0	41,205	20,985	20,220	15	10	0
5 to 14 years	15	0	15	79,795	41,370	38,425	25	20	10
15 to 24 years	25	10	20	82,830	37,905	44,930	20	10	0
25 to 44 years	50	20	25	223,080	105,885	117,190	50	25	30
45 years and over	25	10	15	46,670	21,495	25,170	20	10	15
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	115	50	70	473,580	227,640	245,935	130	70	55
Americas	10	10	0	50,280	23,315	26,970	40	20	15
Brazil	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	10	10	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	20	10	10
Europe	25	15	15	83,855	41,815	42,040	45	25	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	10	0	10
Portugal	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	27,675	14,575	13,095	20	15	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	55,355	27,975	27,385	10	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	18,410	9,205	9,210	0	0	0
Asia	75	30	50	279,930	132,545	147,390	35	20	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	36,925	16,915	20,015	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0
Philippines	65	20	45	71,315	31,605	39,715	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	16,350	7,325	9,030	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	61,580	30,730	30,850	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	19,425	9,810	9,615	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	22,735	10,640	12,090	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	25	10	15	87,650	41,815	45,830	20	10	0
Americas	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	15	10	10	55,100	25,850	29,250	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	14,870	7,455	7,420	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	555	265	290	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	460	235	225
First generation¹⁰⁰	135	65	70	518,345	251,010	267,335	130	70	65
Second generation¹⁰¹	100	45	55	329,675	166,505	163,165	90	40	50
Third generation or more¹⁰²	315	155	160	723,920	364,750	359,170	235	125	115
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	120	50	65	416,830	200,210	216,615	105	60	45
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	55	30	25	235,880	118,150	117,730	75	40	30
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	25	15	10	95,815	58,035	37,780	20	15	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	30	15	20	140,065	60,120	79,950	45	30	20
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	60	25	35	117,720	48,395	69,330	30	15	10
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	58,995	31,595	27,395	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	120	50	65	416,830	200,210	216,615	105	60	45
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	14,765	8,620	6,145	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	35	15	15	53,180	23,440	29,750	20	15	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	10	0	10
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	75	30	45	313,060	149,760	163,300	70	45	25
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	560	270	290	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	460	235	230
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	150	60	90	575,650	282,735	292,910	70	30	35
South Asian	0	0	0	154,385	78,430	75,955	0	0	0
Chinese	10	0	0	93,975	45,570	48,410	0	0	0
Black	0	0	0	76,470	38,665	37,800	0	0	0
Filipino	85	35	50	92,235	42,365	49,880	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	0	0	0
Latin American	0	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235	15	10	0
Southeast Asian	30	15	20	28,720	13,405	15,310	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	20	10	10
Japanese	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	20,840	10,195	10,645	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	405	210	195	996,285	499,530	496,755	395	200	190
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	555	265	290	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	460	235	225
Canadian	80	40	40	168,075	87,325	80,750	60	30	30
English	135	50	80	276,300	136,835	139,465	75	45	25
Irish	85	40	40	202,260	98,040	104,225	80	45	35
Scottish	120	65	55	235,385	115,820	119,575	60	45	20
French, n.o.s.¹²²	65	40	20	104,160	50,935	53,225	25	15	0
German	95	50	45	197,770	97,860	99,910	70	40	30
Chinese	10	0	0	99,705	48,045	51,650	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	44,840	22,330	22,510	15	0	0
Indian (India)	0	0	0	77,900	39,545	38,355	0	0	0
Ukrainian	50	25	25	89,615	43,675	45,940	20	0	15
Dutch	25	0	15	53,665	26,510	27,155	35	25	10
Polish	20	0	15	53,675	25,885	27,790	20	0	15
Québécois	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	15	10	10	53,825	27,135	26,690	30	20	15
Filipino	85	35	50	86,850	40,140	46,710	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	0	0	0
Métis	10	10	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	15	0	15	28,815	14,565	14,250	0	0	0
Russian	30	10	20	36,090	16,840	19,255	0	0	0
Norwegian	25	20	10	44,865	21,320	23,545	20	0	20
Welsh	10	10	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	10	0	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	0	0	0
Jewish	20	20	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	20,085	10,145	9,940	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	22,750	10,685	12,065	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	20	10	15
Romanian	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	10	0	10
Lebanese	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	13,225	6,465	6,765	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	20	10	10
Muslim	0	0	0	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	10	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	555	270	290	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	460	235	230
Buddhist	0	0	0	22,425	9,955	12,470	0	0	0
Christian	315	140	170	713,465	336,705	376,760	225	110	120
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	55	20	30	153,665	73,675	79,985	70	40	30
Anabaptist	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0
Anglican	10	0	10	35,625	16,415	19,210	0	0	0
Baptist	30	15	20	14,480	6,660	7,815	0	0	0
Catholic	175	80	100	312,410	149,290	163,120	105	45	60
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	10	0	0	51,720	22,415	29,305	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	15	10	10	43,375	20,405	22,970	20	15	10
Hindu	0	0	0	35,335	18,180	17,155	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	101,285	51,675	49,610	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	56,230	28,325	27,905	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	240	125	115	623,560	328,795	294,765	225	120	100
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	555	265	290	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	455	230	225
Non-movers	490	225	265	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	390	190	205
Movers	60	35	25	209,550	104,275	105,275	70	40	25
Non-migrants	55	35	15	147,415	73,505	73,910	45	30	15
Migrants	0	0	0	62,135	30,765	31,365	25	10	10
Internal migrants	0	0	0	47,380	23,440	23,940	25	10	10
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	25	10	10
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	525	260	270	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	440	220	220
Non-movers	345	170	170	863,155	429,060	434,095	255	115	140
Movers	185	90	95	619,175	307,300	311,880	190	105	85
Non-migrants	130	60	65	363,260	181,560	181,700	105	50	45
Migrants	55	30	25	255,920	125,740	130,180	85	55	35
Internal migrants	50	25	25	177,420	87,415	90,005	80	55	30
Intraprovincial migrants	10	10	0	112,590	55,855	56,735	60	35	25
Interprovincial migrants	35	20	15	64,830	31,560	33,270	30	20	10
External migrants	0	0	0	78,500	38,320	40,180	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	435	210	225	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	380	195	185
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	55	30	25	182,850	95,955	86,895	15	10	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	380	180	200	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	360	180	180
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	330	160	170	886,650	437,700	448,950	295	135	155
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	0	0	0	79,025	43,715	35,310	10	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	325	160	165	807,620	393,985	413,640	280	135	150
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	435	210	225	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	375	195	185
No certificate, diploma or degree	55	25	25	163,710	84,360	79,350	10	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	110	50	55	339,400	169,445	169,950	75	40	35
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	270	125	140	775,265	377,350	397,915	295	145	150
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	170	85	85	348,595	174,345	174,250	140	70	70
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	45	40	0	84,805	63,760	21,050	20	10	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	15	0	29,285	16,610	12,680	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	25	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	20	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	120	45	70	221,065	92,585	128,480	100	50	50
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	42,725	18,000	24,720	20	0	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	100	40	60	426,670	203,005	223,660	155	75	75
Bachelor's degree	85	40	50	294,610	137,240	157,375	105	60	55
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	10	22,475	10,080	12,390	10	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	0	0	0
Master's degree	0	0	0	86,005	42,875	43,130	25	10	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	10	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	330	160	165	886,650	437,700	448,950	295	140	155
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	66,625	36,450	30,175	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	80	35	40	197,715	102,665	95,045	40	20	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	245	125	125	622,315	298,585	323,730	250	120	130
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	155	85	75	266,590	133,640	132,950	115	60	55
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	45	40	0	63,270	48,090	15,175	20	15	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	10	0	20,715	12,025	8,685	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	25	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	20	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	105	45	60	170,270	71,565	98,700	80	35	40
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	33,050	13,985	19,070	15	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	90	40	55	355,720	164,940	190,775	135	60	75
Bachelor's degree	85	40	40	244,340	111,530	132,810	95	50	50
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	10	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	0	0	0
Master's degree	0	0	0	74,335	35,965	38,370	30	10	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	435	205	225	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	380	195	185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	170	80	85	503,110	253,805	249,305	85	50	40
Education	20	0	20	46,605	10,200	36,405	15	10	0
13. Education	20	0	20	46,605	10,200	36,405	15	10	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	23,385	9,460	13,925	25	0	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	20,825	7,530	13,295	25	0	20
Humanities	15	10	0	34,000	12,365	21,635	10	0	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	7,415	1,915	5,495	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	11,560	4,095	7,460	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	0	35	83,860	28,790	55,065	50	10	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	15,515	5,275	10,245	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	13,800	3,115	10,680	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	0	0	30,700	14,865	15,830	25	10	15
Business, management and public administration	60	15	45	177,710	75,825	101,885	30	10	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	55	15	45	168,935	74,160	94,770	25	10	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	39,940	20,670	19,265	20	10	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	15	0	36,465	23,975	12,485	20	20	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	15	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	20	20	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	75	70	0	173,505	149,155	24,355	45	40	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	66,620	53,075	13,545	15	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	15	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	28,060	27,225	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	22,210	21,530	675	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	11,885	11,515	375	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	15,905	7,900	8,005	10	0	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	10	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	0	0	0
Health and related fields	25	0	25	111,080	22,865	88,215	50	15	35
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	25	98,680	16,900	81,780	50	15	35
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	32,595	16,030	16,565	25	20	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	5,925	5,440	480	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	330	160	170	886,650	437,700	448,950	295	140	155
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	85	35	50	264,340	139,115	125,220	45	20	25
Education	15	0	15	33,450	6,965	26,475	10	10	0
13. Education	15	0	15	33,450	6,965	26,475	10	10	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	15	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	15	0	10
Humanities	10	10	0	26,945	9,460	17,490	10	0	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,035	1,555	4,480	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	9,440	3,220	6,225	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	0	30	69,810	23,220	46,590	50	15	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	12,925	4,080	8,840	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	11,190	2,390	8,800	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	25,655	12,155	13,505	25	10	15
Business, management and public administration	55	10	40	145,930	61,450	84,480	25	10	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	55	10	40	138,835	60,195	78,640	20	10	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	15	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	15	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	15	0	31,330	20,720	10,615	20	20	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	15	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	20	20	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	70	70	0	138,260	116,630	21,630	40	35	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	55,310	43,055	12,260	10	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	15	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	21,755	21,035	720	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	16,875	16,295	580	0	0	0
48. Precision production	15	15	0	8,785	8,485	305	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	10	0	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	10	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0
Health and related fields	15	0	15	88,715	18,735	69,980	40	10	30
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	0	15	78,745	14,010	64,730	40	10	30
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	4,710	4,340	370	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	330	160	170	886,650	437,700	448,950	295	140	155
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	85	35	50	264,340	139,115	125,220	45	20	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	250	125	120	622,310	298,585	323,730	250	120	130
Location of study inside Canada	210	115	95	455,590	220,680	234,910	205	100	110
Same as province or territory of residence	140	85	60	328,175	157,540	170,630	155	75	80
Different than province or territory of residence	65	30	40	127,410	63,135	64,275	45	25	25
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	40	10	25	166,725	77,905	88,820	45	20	25
Americas	10	0	0	28,670	14,305	14,360	10	0	10
United States of America	0	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	10	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0
Asia	35	10	20	91,990	39,695	52,295	20	0	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	0	0	0
Philippines	25	10	15	30,585	12,115	18,470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	25,005	11,780	13,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	435	210	225	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	375	195	185
In the labour force	345	180	165	882,705	463,170	419,540	270	160	110
Employed	320	175	145	776,015	408,675	367,335	245	150	90
Unemployed	30	10	20	106,695	54,490	52,205	25	0	20
Not in the labour force	95	30	65	395,665	167,985	227,680	110	35	80
Participation rate	79.3	85.7	73.3	69.0	73.4	64.8	72.0	82.1	59.5
Employment rate	73.6	83.3	64.4	60.7	64.8	56.8	65.3	76.9	48.6
Unemployment rate	8.7	5.6	12.1	12.1	11.8	12.4	9.3	0.0	18.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	435	210	225	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	380	195	185
Did not work¹⁸⁶	110	50	65	422,665	183,645	239,020	105	35	75
Worked	325	165	165	855,710	447,510	408,200	275	165	105
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	195	105	90	450,195	257,535	192,655	165	100	70
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	130	55	75	405,520	189,970	215,550	105	60	45
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	40.2	39.8	40.7	41.5	39.8	43.4	43.0	43.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	345	180	165	882,710	463,165	419,540	265	155	105
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	29,010	14,020	14,995	10	0	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	335	180	155	853,695	449,150	404,550	255	155	100
Employee	305	155	145	715,140	365,090	350,050	240	155	85
Permanent position	265	130	135	600,125	311,480	288,645	200	135	65
Temporary position	40	25	10	115,020	53,615	61,405	35	15	20
Fixed term (1 year or more)	25	15	10	37,760	16,790	20,970	10	10	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15	15	0	77,260	36,820	40,435	25	10	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	30	20	10	138,550	84,060	54,500	20	10	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	345	180	165	882,710	463,165	419,540	265	155	105
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	29,010	14,020	14,995	10	0	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	335	180	155	853,695	449,150	404,550	255	155	100
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	65	20	50	161,170	53,245	107,930	25	0	25
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35	30	0	94,565	72,340	22,225	30	30	0
3 Health occupations	15	0	15	69,305	13,810	55,490	25	10	20
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	40	0	35	92,850	30,655	62,195	50	30	20
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	15	10	10
6 Sales and service occupations	80	45	35	209,115	94,840	114,280	60	35	25
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	80	70	10	147,375	132,085	15,290	35	30	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10	10	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	15	15	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	25,565	19,070	6,490	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	345	180	165	882,710	463,165	419,540	265	155	105
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	29,010	14,020	14,995	10	0	10
All industries¹⁹¹	335	180	155	853,695	449,150	404,550	255	155	100
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	10	10	39,750	26,465	13,290	10	10	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	10	0	0
23 Construction	50	40	10	75,665	63,720	11,945	10	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	15	10	0	41,545	30,255	11,295	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	20	20	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	35	20	10	96,885	46,555	50,330	25	20	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	10	0	56,135	40,670	15,470	20	20	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	25	0	15	30,760	13,930	16,825	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15	10	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	35	30	10	96,185	55,190	40,995	20	10	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	10	0	37,790	21,285	16,510	25	15	10
61 Educational services	25	10	15	55,510	16,805	38,700	25	15	10
62 Health care and social assistance	35	0	35	107,190	20,475	86,720	60	10	45
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	10	10	0
72 Accommodation and food services	10	0	0	49,900	22,440	27,460	15	15	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	15	0	37,065	16,090	20,975	25	15	10
91 Public administration	20	0	15	31,305	16,235	15,075	10	10	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	360	190	170	926,320	483,455	442,860	295	170	130
English	355	185	170	878,705	460,305	418,400	290	170	125
French	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30,355	15,535	14,825	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	360	190	170	926,320	483,455	442,860	295	170	130
Single responses	360	190	170	919,325	479,835	439,490	295	170	130
Official languages	360	185	170	906,220	473,040	433,180	295	170	130
English	360	185	170	903,745	472,395	431,350	295	170	130
French	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	13,105	6,795	6,310	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	13,090	6,795	6,300	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	7,000	3,625	3,375	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5,765	3,065	2,695	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	360	190	170	926,320	483,455	442,860	295	170	130
None	355	185	170	893,045	467,350	425,695	290	170	125
English	0	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	17,585	8,825	8,760	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	17,465	8,780	8,690	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	320	175	145	776,010	408,680	367,335	240	155	90
Worked at home	75	30	40	215,520	105,290	110,230	70	35	35
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	70	55	15	113,260	83,885	29,375	30	20	10
Usual place of work	175	85	90	444,410	217,405	227,005	140	95	45
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	175	85	90	444,410	217,405	227,005	140	95	50
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	165	80	80	361,065	170,000	191,065	120	70	50
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	69,230	37,715	31,505	15	15	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	245	140	105	557,670	301,290	256,380	175	115	55
Car, truck or van	230	130	100	473,465	261,055	212,410	155	105	55
Car, truck or van - as a driver	215	125	90	441,645	249,990	191,655	145	100	45
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	0	10	31,820	11,060	20,755	15	0	10
Public transit	0	0	0	40,930	17,775	23,165	10	10	0
Walked	0	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325	10	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	245	140	105	557,670	301,290	256,380	175	115	55
Less than 15 minutes	50	25	25	128,460	58,155	70,310	20	0	20
15 to 29 minutes	85	35	50	242,460	130,855	111,610	105	75	30
30 to 44 minutes	75	55	25	125,765	75,100	50,660	25	25	10
45 to 59 minutes	15	10	0	31,050	18,505	12,545	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	20	15	0	29,930	18,665	11,265	15	15	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	245	140	105	557,670	301,290	256,380	175	115	55
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	20	0	37,665	27,280	10,390	10	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	45	25	25	100,900	63,500	37,400	60	40	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	85	45	40	143,455	75,755	67,700	30	15	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	40	20	15	105,095	50,620	54,475	30	10	10
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10	0	10	79,595	35,415	44,180	25	15	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	45	25	20	90,950	48,715	42,230	20	20	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	150	80	70	356,225	183,250	172,980	140	65	75
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	10	10	25,335	12,890	12,445	15	5	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	130	65	60	330,890	170,360	160,535	125	55	70
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	105	55	50	259,535	133,590	125,945	100	40	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	10	5	18,890	9,625	9,270	15	5	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	9,575	4,670	4,910	5	0	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	9,315	4,955	4,360	5	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	95	50	40	240,640	123,965	116,675	85	40	45

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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