Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48061796More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			AlbertaMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	522	...	...	4,262,635	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	188	...	...	1,772,670	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	187	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,372.1	...	...	6.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.15	...	...	634,658.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	520	250	275	4,262,635	2,127,935	2,134,700
0 to 14 years	95	50	45	809,640	415,870	393,770
0 to 4 years	20	10	10	250,250	128,560	121,690
5 to 9 years	40	25	15	278,810	142,850	135,955
10 to 14 years	30	15	20	280,585	144,460	136,120
15 to 64 years	370	170	195	2,823,770	1,416,910	1,406,865
15 to 19 years	35	15	15	249,765	128,745	121,015
20 to 24 years	40	20	20	248,740	128,595	120,150
25 to 29 years	20	15	10	275,465	138,510	136,955
30 to 34 years	25	10	20	323,260	160,175	163,085
35 to 39 years	40	10	25	338,945	168,390	170,560
40 to 44 years	35	20	20	307,665	153,715	153,955
45 to 49 years	45	20	25	277,770	139,705	138,065
50 to 54 years	60	25	35	262,770	131,650	131,120
55 to 59 years	40	20	20	274,150	135,825	138,325
60 to 64 years	25	15	10	265,240	131,600	133,640
65 years and over	60	25	30	629,220	295,155	334,070
65 to 69 years	25	15	15	217,270	106,975	110,295
70 to 74 years	15	10	10	163,890	79,150	84,735
75 to 79 years	10	5	10	105,520	49,860	55,660
80 to 84 years	10	5	0	70,160	31,510	38,650
85 years and over	0	0	0	72,375	27,660	44,720
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	44,670	18,540	26,130
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	21,430	7,545	13,890
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	5,480	1,405	4,075
100 years and over	0	0	0	795	170	625
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.3	20.0	16.4	19.0	19.5	18.4
15 to 64 years	71.2	68.0	70.9	66.2	66.6	65.9
65 years and over	11.5	10.0	10.9	14.8	13.9	15.6
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.7	1.3	2.1
Average age of the population	39.0	38.0	40.0	39.0	38.4	39.7
Median age of the population	40.8	39.2	41.6	38.4	37.6	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	185	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Single-detached house	105	...	...	994,565	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	98,740	...	...
Row house	85	...	...	127,735	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	43,730	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	247,030	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	74,880	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	1,215	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	45,325	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	190	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
1 person	50	...	...	424,055	...	...
2 persons	45	...	...	551,420	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	249,135	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	243,400	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	165,215	...	...
Number of persons in private households	525	250	275	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	430	200	230	3,452,995	1,712,065	1,740,925
Married or living common-law	235	120	115	2,033,945	1,018,425	1,015,520
Married	205	105	100	1,703,285	852,950	850,335
Living common-law	30	15	15	330,655	165,475	165,180
Living common law - Never married	15	10	10	245,650	123,625	122,030
Living common law - Separated	5	5	5	12,835	6,745	6,090
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	0	65,955	32,580	33,375
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	6,210	2,520	3,690
Not married and not living common-law	195	85	110	1,419,050	693,640	725,410
Not married and not living common law - Never married	135	70	70	969,780	535,715	434,065
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	0	10	83,350	36,440	46,910
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	10	25	214,460	87,950	126,505
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	0	10	151,455	33,530	117,925
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	145	...	...	1,164,655	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	565,900	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	240,980	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	238,600	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	119,170	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	140	...	...	1,164,650	...	...
Total couple families	115	...	...	987,465	...	...
Married couples	100	...	...	822,175	...	...
With children⁶	70	...	...	464,975	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	357,200	...	...
Common-law couples	15	...	...	165,290	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	60,705	...	...
Without children	5	...	...	104,580	...	...
Total one-parent families	20	...	...	177,190	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	135,065	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	42,125	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	525	250	275	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530
Total - Persons in census families	450	220	225	3,456,645	1,720,145	1,736,505
Married spouses or common-law partners	235	115	115	1,974,930	986,995	987,935
Parents in one-parent families	25	5	20	177,185	42,120	135,060
Children⁶	195	100	90	1,304,525	691,020	613,500
In a two-parent family	155	85	70	1,022,235	538,215	484,020
In a one-parent family	35	20	20	282,290	152,810	129,485
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	70	20	45	721,070	368,045	353,030
Living alone	50	15	35	424,055	207,075	216,980
Living with other relatives⁷	10	0	10	108,100	49,205	58,900
Living with non-relatives only	10	5	0	188,915	111,760	77,155
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	190	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	120	...	...	1,008,210	...	...
Couple-family households	100	...	...	876,085	...	...
With children⁶	65	...	...	465,405	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	410,680	...	...
One-parent-family households	25	...	...	132,125	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10	...	...	47,450	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	10,575	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	60,780	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	0	...	...	82,150	...	...
One-person households	50	...	...	424,055	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	430	200	230	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	425	195	225	3,213,495	1,597,075	1,616,420
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	44,800	41,600	44,800	53,200	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	425	195	225	3,215,290	1,598,045	1,617,250
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	40,000	39,200	40,400	46,800	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	390	185	205	2,899,265	1,472,130	1,427,140
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	41,200	34,800	40,000	50,400	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	335	155	180	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	44,000	39,200	41,600	51,600	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	355	165	190	2,818,115	1,377,385	1,440,730
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,080	4,000	7,500	8,300	6,120	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30	15	15	373,185	184,280	188,900
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	x	x	5,800	5,760	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	135	60	70	978,925	473,610	505,320
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	415	185	230	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	410	185	225	3,212,650	1,596,250	1,616,400
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,200	49,600	54,000	60,850	72,700	49,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	410	185	225	3,214,490	1,597,255	1,617,235
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	41,200	45,600	50,200	58,400	42,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	370	180	195	2,900,200	1,472,350	1,427,850
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,800	45,600	53,600	57,300	70,100	44,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	310	150	155	2,426,940	1,262,995	1,163,950
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,800	45,000	56,000	56,350	67,800	43,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	350	150	200	2,817,280	1,376,575	1,440,710
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,640	7,200	8,000	10,440	9,300	11,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20	0	0	371,975	183,715	188,265
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,000	...	...	7,090	6,720	7,450
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	120	65	55	972,130	470,475	501,650
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	8,400	8,400	9,170	9,030	9,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	415	185	230	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	140	70	70	1,120,075	641,305	478,775
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	50,000	77,000	70,500	78,500	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,000	72,000	88,000	85,200	96,300	70,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	125	60	70	993,770	466,385	527,385
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	23,200	22,400	21,600	26,200	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,200	30,000	32,000	34,280	42,280	27,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.0	88.0	86.0	85.0	89.0	79.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.0	74.0	74.0	70.0	73.8	64.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.6	12.0	13.2	15.0	11.0	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	x	x	1.4	1.1	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	6.6	4.2	5.1	4.0	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	6.0	3.6	4.6	3.7	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	430	200	230	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Without total income	5	0	5	161,620	78,885	82,730
With total income	420	200	225	3,213,490	1,597,075	1,616,415
Under $10,000 (including loss)	60	30	30	271,260	111,180	160,085
$10,000 to $19,999	35	10	20	307,390	122,515	184,880
$20,000 to $29,999	55	25	30	483,175	210,085	273,090
$30,000 to $39,999	45	15	30	384,115	161,270	222,840
$40,000 to $49,999	45	20	20	332,120	148,870	183,245
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	15	277,960	132,620	145,340
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	15	232,840	119,260	113,580
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	10	187,305	105,100	82,205
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	10	146,920	87,190	59,725
$90,000 to $99,999	25	15	10	124,520	73,960	50,560
$100,000 and over	80	40	40	465,885	325,025	140,860
$100,000 to $149,999	65	30	35	291,955	191,190	100,765
$150,000 and over	15	10	5	173,935	133,835	40,100
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	430	200	230	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Without after-tax income	5	0	5	159,820	77,915	81,900
With after-tax income	420	200	225	3,215,295	1,598,045	1,617,245
Under $10,000 (including loss)	60	30	25	282,760	115,430	167,325
$10,000 to $19,999	35	15	20	320,525	128,425	192,100
$20,000 to $29,999	65	30	35	545,450	237,370	308,080
$30,000 to $39,999	55	30	30	449,440	194,945	254,500
$40,000 to $49,999	45	25	25	388,170	182,160	206,010
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	20	314,650	160,140	154,510
$60,000 to $69,999	25	5	15	240,015	135,075	104,940
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	15	178,580	106,080	72,495
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	10	138,170	82,415	55,755
$90,000 to $99,999	20	5	15	92,045	59,450	32,595
$100,000 and over	40	20	20	265,490	196,560	68,930
$100,000 to $124,999	25	10	15	121,505	85,805	35,705
$125,000 and over	10	5	5	143,985	110,760	33,225
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	430	200	230	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Without employment income	90	40	50	948,210	413,405	534,805
With employment income	340	160	175	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345
Under $5,000 (including loss)	30	15	20	305,715	142,525	163,185
$5,000 to $9,999	40	15	25	186,575	78,780	107,795
$10,000 to $19,999	35	10	25	270,795	116,950	153,845
$20,000 to $29,999	30	15	10	212,530	93,955	118,575
$30,000 to $39,999	25	10	10	202,095	92,015	110,080
$40,000 to $49,999	20	10	10	193,315	92,690	100,625
$50,000 to $59,999	15	10	10	181,745	89,815	91,930
$60,000 to $69,999	25	10	15	161,830	85,450	76,375
$70,000 to $79,999	20	5	10	133,940	78,540	55,400
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	110,580	67,335	43,240
$90,000 to $99,999	20	15	5	101,430	59,855	41,575
$100,000 and over	65	35	35	366,350	264,635	101,720
$100,000 to $124,999	30	15	15	158,925	103,055	55,870
$125,000 and over	30	15	15	207,430	161,580	45,850
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	430	200	230	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	405	190	215	3,147,180	1,561,420	1,585,760
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	51,600	41,600	44,400	54,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	405	190	215	3,148,375	1,561,645	1,586,735
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	45,200	39,600	39,600	47,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	380	175	200	2,869,935	1,456,690	1,413,250
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	49,600	43,200	43,200	54,000	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	320	155	170	2,438,175	1,267,255	1,170,925
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,800	55,600	48,800	44,400	55,200	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	340	155	180	2,675,790	1,312,270	1,363,520
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	930	900	1,040	1,620	1,010	4,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	20	10	10	245,140	118,390	126,750
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	6,240	5,640	7,050
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	415	185	230	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	385	170	215	3,146,890	1,560,995	1,585,890
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,600	54,400	56,400	60,750	74,200	47,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	385	170	215	3,147,975	1,561,230	1,586,750
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	45,200	46,400	49,720	59,050	40,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	370	165	200	2,871,550	1,456,805	1,414,740
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,200	52,400	55,600	60,350	74,400	45,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	295	140	160	2,438,445	1,267,615	1,170,835
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,000	54,000	65,000	59,450	72,000	45,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	310	130	180	2,676,295	1,312,765	1,363,530
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800	3,800	5,520	6,720	5,635	7,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15	0	0	244,330	117,410	126,920
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,500	...	...	7,990	7,020	8,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	415	185	230	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	145	70	75	1,111,760	636,785	474,975
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	52,800	75,500	68,500	77,500	58,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,000	70,000	88,000	83,800	95,700	67,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	110	50	65	941,295	443,225	498,070
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,800	44,800	21,000	30,000	37,200	25,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	44,000	46,000	42,000	43,280	54,050	33,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.0	94.0	92.0	90.6	93.6	86.0
Employment income (%)	82.0	80.0	84.0	75.8	78.8	71.0
Government transfers (%)	7.0	5.4	8.0	9.4	6.4	14.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.3	x	x	1.0	0.7	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	190	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	50	...	...	424,055	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	42,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	140	...	...	1,209,165	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	119,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	70	...	...	424,120	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	62,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	51,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	125	...	...	1,209,100	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	115,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	190	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	16,810	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	8,310	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	12,525	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	17,725	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	49,050	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	52,025	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	41,490	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	48,190	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	52,710	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	51,200	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5	...	...	104,130	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5	...	...	106,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	104,230	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	98,820	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	93,990	...	...
$100,000 and over	110	...	...	775,675	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	204,960	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	156,945	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	25	...	...	200,675	...	...
$200,000 and over	35	...	...	213,100	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	190	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	18,920	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	8,620	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	12,950	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	18,925	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	52,455	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	58,000	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	48,620	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	56,195	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	62,115	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	60,880	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	126,900	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	127,780	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	122,795	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	117,335	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	106,445	...	...
$100,000 and over	95	...	...	634,290	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	35	...	...	214,810	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	149,640	...	...
$150,000 and over	45	...	...	269,845	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	135	...	...	1,150,150	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.4	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	423,245	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	75	...	...	527,475	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	162,425	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	60	20	35	612,970	318,840	294,130
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	71,000	46,400	81,000	43,600	46,400	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	58,400	42,400	66,500	39,200	41,200	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	120	...	...	1,149,555	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	115,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	423,255	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	128,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	528,270	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	167,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	161,495	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	85,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	74,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	80	25	50	612,950	318,115	294,835
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	69,000	52,000	78,000	56,550	60,100	52,750
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	57,000	44,000	64,000	47,360	49,600	44,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	520	250	275	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,535
0 to 17 years	110	55	50	953,865	490,345	463,520
0 to 5 years	25	10	20	302,980	155,160	147,820
18 to 64 years	350	165	190	2,638,940	1,317,995	1,320,945
65 years and over	60	25	30	584,915	279,845	305,065
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20	10	10	382,820	182,970	199,855
0 to 17 years	5	0	5	107,130	54,765	52,370
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	36,250	18,465	17,790
18 to 64 years	10	5	5	213,795	103,030	110,765
65 years and over	0	0	0	61,890	25,180	36,720
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	3.8	4.0	4.0	9.2	8.8	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	11.2	11.2	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	12.0	11.9	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	4.0	2.5	8.1	7.8	8.4
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	10.6	9.0	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	525	245	275	4,132,995	2,065,555	2,067,435
0 to 17 years	110	55	55	936,965	481,700	455,265
0 to 5 years	30	10	15	298,005	152,625	145,380
18 to 64 years	355	165	185	2,614,300	1,305,610	1,308,690
65 years and over	60	30	35	581,730	278,250	303,475
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5	5	5	187,885	96,630	91,255
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	43,110	21,925	21,180
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	13,945	7,045	6,900
18 to 64 years	5	5	0	130,620	68,100	62,525
65 years and over	5	0	5	14,155	6,605	7,550
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.6	2.0	x	4.6	4.7	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	4.7	4.6	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	1.6	2.5	x	5.0	5.2	4.8
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	2.4	2.4	2.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	520	250	275	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530
In bottom half of the distribution	170	80	90	1,894,410	924,245	970,165
In bottom decile	20	10	5	345,410	172,330	173,080
In second decile	40	20	25	385,215	179,975	205,240
In third decile	25	10	15	380,170	184,770	195,400
In fourth decile	30	15	15	386,560	190,330	196,235
In fifth decile	50	20	30	397,055	196,830	200,215
In top half of the distribution	350	170	185	2,283,310	1,163,940	1,119,365
In sixth decile	85	40	45	406,615	204,040	202,575
In seventh decile	35	20	20	420,810	212,460	208,350
In eighth decile	65	35	30	440,225	223,690	216,535
In ninth decile	85	35	50	470,850	240,765	230,085
In top decile	80	45	40	544,810	282,985	261,825
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	525	...	...	4,177,720	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.270	...	...	0.350	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.346	...	...	0.450	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.241	...	...	0.307	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	525	245	275	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
English only	485	235	245	3,894,690	1,960,785	1,933,905
French only	0	0	0	3,105	1,330	1,780
English and French	30	10	20	258,330	119,725	138,605
Neither English nor French	10	0	5	65,705	26,945	38,760
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	525	245	275	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
English	510	245	265	4,078,135	2,042,220	2,035,915
French	0	5	0	64,440	32,960	31,485
English and French	5	0	5	15,525	7,680	7,840
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	63,735	25,925	37,810
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	525	245	275	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
Single responses	490	230	260	4,055,375	2,028,210	2,027,165
Official languages	315	150	165	3,148,690	1,591,780	1,556,910
English	315	150	165	3,083,840	1,558,570	1,525,265
French	0	5	0	64,855	33,210	31,645
Non-official languages	175	80	95	906,680	436,430	470,250
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	17,200	8,165	9,035
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15,155	7,265	7,890
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,470	1,160	1,315
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,365
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	65	35	30
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	65	25	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	1,590	705	890
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	1,305	650	655
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	9,255	4,495	4,760
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	5	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	385	180	205
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	20	5	10
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	355	170	185
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	235	110	125
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	50	50
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,345	610	735
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,335	605	725
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,075	495	585
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	150	65	85
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	105	45	55
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	35	10	20
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	145	40	100
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	5	20
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	20	5	15
Inuktitut	0	0	0	115	35	80
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	60	25	40
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	445	205	235
Assiniboine	0	0	0	10	0	5
Dakota	0	0	0	65	25	40
Stoney	0	0	0	360	175	180
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Non-Indigenous languages	175	80	95	889,485	428,270	461,215
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	5	82,270	42,330	39,935
Berber languages	0	0	0	335	185	150
Kabyle	0	0	0	220	110	115
Tamazight	0	0	0	95	60	30
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Chadic languages	0	0	0	160	85	75
Hausa	0	0	0	145	80	65
Mina	0	0	0	10	5	10
Coptic	0	0	0	55	25	30
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	14,995	7,485	7,515
Bilen	0	0	0	650	345	300
Oromo	0	0	0	3,485	1,780	1,705
Somali	0	0	0	10,750	5,280	5,470
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	70	45
Semitic languages	20	10	5	66,720	34,555	32,165
Amharic	5	0	0	8,165	3,925	4,245
Arabic	15	10	5	46,425	24,385	22,045
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	835	405	430
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	445	225	220
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	125	140
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	70
Harari	0	0	0	215	105	110
Hebrew	0	0	0	885	455	425
Maltese	0	0	0	55	25	25
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10,065	5,210	4,855
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	50	35
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	25,655	11,520	14,135
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,775	800	975
Vietnamese	0	0	0	23,705	10,615	13,090
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	175	100	75
Austronesian languages	15	10	10	131,755	58,110	73,640
Bikol	0	0	0	535	235	295
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,265	985	1,285
Cebuano	0	0	0	5,210	2,300	2,910
Fijian	0	0	0	120	65	55
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	2,370	1,005	1,370
Ilocano	0	0	0	7,440	3,325	4,110
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,275	510	765
Kankanaey	0	0	0	370	155	220
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	165	80	90
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	50	20	30
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	20	30
Malay	0	0	0	270	115	155
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,275	620	650
Pangasinan	0	0	0	515	235	280
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10	108,395	47,810	60,590
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	415	195	225
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,075	475	605
Creole languages	0	0	0	1,745	875	875
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	455	230	225
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	60	35	30
Krio	0	0	0	270	130	140
Morisyen	0	0	0	325	165	160
Sango	0	0	0	5	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	420	215	210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	110	105
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	17,170	8,845	8,330
Kannada	0	0	0	585	295	295
Malayalam	0	0	0	8,785	4,450	4,330
Tamil	0	0	0	4,950	2,610	2,340
Telugu	0	0	0	2,715	1,425	1,295
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30
Georgian	0	0	0	200	110	90
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85	40	45	454,815	224,310	230,505
Albanian	0	0	0	2,345	1,250	1,100
Armenian	0	0	0	490	240	245
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	5	70,185	32,420	37,760
Baltic languages	0	0	0	885	405	475
Latvian	0	0	0	365	165	205
Lithuanian	0	0	0	515	240	275
Slavic languages	5	0	5	69,305	32,020	37,285
Belarusian	0	0	0	65	30	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,300	640	660
Czech	0	0	0	2,700	1,265	1,435
Macedonian	0	0	0	365	185	185
Polish	0	0	0	17,540	8,130	9,410
Russian	5	0	5	17,735	7,850	9,890
Rusyn	0	0	0	30	20	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10,350	5,085	5,270
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,860	905	960
Croatian	0	0	0	4,260	2,105	2,155
Serbian	0	0	0	4,040	1,975	2,065
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	100	90
Slovak	0	0	0	1,865	910	950
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	555	245	305
Ukrainian	0	0	0	16,750	7,630	9,125
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15
Celtic languages	0	0	0	295	165	130
Irish	0	0	0	75	45	25
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	20	20
Welsh	0	0	0	145	75	65
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	15
Germanic languages	10	5	5	93,145	45,830	47,320
Frisian	0	0	0	250	145	105
High German languages	5	5	5	60,990	29,660	31,325
German	5	5	5	59,835	29,055	30,775
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	20	10	10
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,045	550	495
Yiddish	0	0	0	90	50	45
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	28,670	14,425	14,245
Afrikaans	0	0	0	3,150	1,555	1,595
Dutch	0	0	0	13,140	6,605	6,535
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,060	1,545	1,510
Low Saxon	0	0	0	260	145	120
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	8,815	4,455	4,355
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	245	120	125
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,540	1,615
Danish	0	0	0	1,850	945	910
Icelandic	0	0	0	95	45	55
Norwegian	0	0	0	525	245	285
Swedish	0	0	0	680	310	370
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	30
Greek	0	0	0	2,820	1,430	1,385
Indo-Iranian languages	45	25	20	197,415	100,095	97,320
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	10	176,130	89,315	86,820
Assamese	0	0	0	85	45	40
Bengali	0	0	0	7,735	3,900	3,835
Gujarati	10	5	0	15,330	7,920	7,415
Hindi	0	0	0	18,815	9,525	9,285
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,625	720	905
Kashmiri	0	0	0	125	65	60
Konkani	0	0	0	345	170	180
Marathi	0	0	0	1,910	970	935
Nepali	0	0	0	5,900	3,035	2,865
Oriya languages	0	0	0	185	100	90
Odia	0	0	0	130	70	60
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	91,070	46,205	44,870
Rohingya	0	0	0	30	20	15
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	345	340
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	2,700	1,380	1,325
Urdu	0	0	0	28,635	14,425	14,210
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	945	495	445
Iranian languages	20	10	10	21,225	10,750	10,470
Baluchi	0	0	0	65	40	25
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,010	1,035	975
Parsi	0	0	0	25	15	10
Pashto	0	0	0	2,960	1,505	1,460
Persian languages	15	10	5	16,065	8,115	7,955
Dari	15	5	5	5,005	2,490	2,515
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	9,030	4,585	4,445
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,035	1,040	995
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	45	45
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	10	88,045	42,845	45,205
Catalan	0	0	0	70	30	45
Italian	5	0	0	9,505	4,745	4,755
Portuguese	0	0	0	9,910	4,750	5,165
Romanian	0	0	0	7,425	3,635	3,790
Spanish	15	5	10	61,090	29,655	31,435
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40
Japanese	0	0	0	4,575	1,550	3,025
Korean	5	0	0	19,240	8,935	10,305
Mongolian	0	0	0	565	255	310
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	16,500	8,265	8,235
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,660	855	800
Bamanankan	0	0	0	30	20	10
Edo	0	0	0	245	125	115
Éwé	0	0	0	225	125	95
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	100	95
Ga	0	0	0	125	60	60
Ganda	0	0	0	315	160	160
Gikuyu	0	0	0	160	75	85
Igbo	0	0	0	1,380	725	650
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,135	550	585
Lingala	0	0	0	205	110	100
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	55	30	30
Mòoré	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mwani	0	0	0	200	100	95
Ndebele	0	0	0	390	190	205
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	655	305	350
Shona	0	0	0	1,105	530	580
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	10
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	150	50	100
Swahili	0	0	0	2,455	1,165	1,290
Wojenaka	0	0	0	25	10	15
Wolof	0	0	0	265	145	115
Yoruba	0	0	0	3,205	1,710	1,490
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,265	1,090	1,170
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	2,450	1,275	1,175
Dinka	0	0	0	1,040	575	470
Nuer	0	0	0	625	290	335
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	650	340	310
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	70	60
Sign languages	0	0	0	840	440	400
American Sign Language	0	0	0	695	370	330
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	70	70
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	10	25	118,025	54,995	63,030
Chinese languages	30	10	25	115,870	53,935	61,940
Hakka	0	0	0	880	405	470
Mandarin	20	5	10	54,135	25,165	28,970
Min Dong	0	0	0	55	25	30
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	2,400	1,040	1,360
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	440	215	225
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	56,280	26,280	30,005
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,605	760	845
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	2,055	1,015	1,040
Burmese	0	0	0	415	205	215
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	130	60	70
Karenic languages	0	0	0	725	365	355
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	585	290	290
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	75	65
Tibetan	0	0	0	670	335	335
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	60
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	55
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	3,040	1,110	1,935
Lao	0	0	0	950	460	490
Thai	0	0	0	2,010	620	1,390
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	55
Turkic languages	0	0	0	4,335	2,360	1,975
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	440	235	200
Kazakh	0	0	0	90	35	55
Turkish	0	0	0	3,290	1,825	1,460
Uyghur	0	0	0	130	60	70
Uzbek	0	0	0	240	130	110
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	65	75
Uralic languages	0	0	0	6,120	2,890	3,230
Estonian	0	0	0	165	75	90
Finnish	0	0	0	700	285	415
Hungarian	0	0	0	5,255	2,530	2,725
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	85	80
Multiple responses	30	15	15	166,455	80,575	85,890
English and French	0	0	0	17,600	8,520	9,085
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	131,195	63,735	67,465
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,125	1,535	1,590
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,425	1,160	1,270
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	12,105	5,625	6,480
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	525	245	275	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
English	325	155	170	3,183,975	1,606,395	1,577,580
French	0	0	0	15,490	7,660	7,835
Non-official language	50	20	25	272,985	131,515	141,475
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	3,700	1,890	1,805
Non-Indigenous	50	20	25	269,280	129,620	139,665
English and French	0	0	0	41,100	19,580	21,515
English and non-official language(s)	145	65	75	664,935	323,185	341,750
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,590	725	865
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	17,280	8,175	9,105
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	24,475	11,545	12,930
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	525	245	275	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
Single responses	485	230	250	4,054,960	2,027,555	2,027,400
Official languages	395	190	210	3,504,300	1,758,870	1,745,425
English	395	190	210	3,481,545	1,747,645	1,733,895
French	0	0	0	22,755	11,225	11,530
Non-official languages	90	40	45	550,665	268,690	281,975
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	7,175	3,615	3,565
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	6,355	3,210	3,140
Blackfoot	0	0	0	965	490	475
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	475	235	240
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	290	150	145
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,510	2,275	2,230
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	95	45	45
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	90	45	45
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	60	30	30
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	5	15
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	685	345	340
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	680	340	340
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	585	300	290
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	70	40	35
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	60	30	30
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	10	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	100	45	55
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	5	5
Stoney	0	0	0	85	35	45
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	40	45	543,490	265,075	278,415
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	52,375	26,290	26,085
Berber languages	0	0	0	165	85	80
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	45
Tamazight	0	0	0	55	30	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Chadic languages	0	0	0	105	60	45
Hausa	0	0	0	105	60	45
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10,170	5,010	5,155
Bilen	0	0	0	490	255	240
Oromo	0	0	0	2,580	1,305	1,270
Somali	0	0	0	7,045	3,425	3,620
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Semitic languages	25	15	10	41,920	21,120	20,800
Amharic	5	5	5	5,025	2,385	2,635
Arabic	20	10	10	28,040	14,195	13,840
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	630	310	325
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	310	155	160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	190	90	95
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	135	65	65
Harari	0	0	0	140	70	70
Hebrew	0	0	0	415	215	200
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,600	3,905	3,700
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	35	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	17,075	7,795	9,285
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	975	430	545
Vietnamese	0	0	0	15,945	7,280	8,670
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	155	90	65
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	82,190	38,845	43,345
Bikol	0	0	0	200	100	100
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,250	595	660
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,990	1,435	1,555
Fijian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,290	610	680
Ilocano	0	0	0	4,450	2,075	2,375
Indonesian	0	0	0	435	215	220
Kankanaey	0	0	0	210	95	120
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	40	45
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malay	0	0	0	65	30	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	700	330	370
Pangasinan	0	0	0	180	85	95
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	69,570	32,865	36,705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	205	100	110
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	500	245	255
Creole languages	0	0	0	1,010	485	525
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	295	140	155
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	45	15	25
Krio	0	0	0	120	55	60
Morisyen	0	0	0	235	115	115
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	205	105	100
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	45	65
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	11,840	5,985	5,855
Kannada	0	0	0	305	150	160
Malayalam	0	0	0	6,270	3,150	3,120
Tamil	0	0	0	3,480	1,790	1,690
Telugu	0	0	0	1,705	860	845
Tulu	0	0	0	45	20	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Georgian	0	0	0	130	75	60
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10	265,460	131,850	133,610
Albanian	0	0	0	1,040	550	490
Armenian	0	0	0	245	115	125
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	28,760	13,815	14,945
Baltic languages	0	0	0	345	175	170
Latvian	0	0	0	140	75	65
Lithuanian	0	0	0	205	105	105
Slavic languages	0	0	0	28,415	13,640	14,775
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	595	290	305
Czech	0	0	0	765	365	400
Macedonian	0	0	0	180	95	90
Polish	0	0	0	6,810	3,230	3,575
Russian	0	0	0	10,885	5,205	5,680
Rusyn	0	0	0	10	10	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,370	2,105	2,265
Bosnian	0	0	0	750	360	395
Croatian	0	0	0	1,525	740	785
Serbian	0	0	0	2,055	990	1,065
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	20
Slovak	0	0	0	585	285	295
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	105	50	50
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,080	1,990	2,090
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Irish	0	0	0	15	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	10	15
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages	0	0	0	40,925	20,195	20,730
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	20
High German languages	0	0	0	29,275	14,360	14,920
German	0	0	0	29,025	14,235	14,790
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	240	115	125
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	11,310	5,675	5,630
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,720	850	870
Dutch	0	0	0	1,520	725	800
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,280	1,170	1,115
Low Saxon	0	0	0	135	65	65
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5,620	2,850	2,770
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	35	15	20
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	280	130	150
Danish	0	0	0	100	50	50
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	10	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	35	15	20
Swedish	0	0	0	130	55	75
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Greek	0	0	0	935	430	505
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	146,225	73,640	72,580
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	132,370	66,780	65,590
Assamese	0	0	0	40	20	20
Bengali	0	0	0	5,085	2,505	2,580
Gujarati	0	0	0	10,620	5,435	5,185
Hindi	0	0	0	12,295	6,225	6,075
Kacchi	0	0	0	830	345	480
Kashmiri	0	0	0	70	35	40
Konkani	0	0	0	130	65	70
Marathi	0	0	0	1,145	570	570
Nepali	0	0	0	4,280	2,200	2,080
Oriya languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	75,180	38,085	37,090
Rohingya	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	405	205	200
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,595	790	805
Urdu	0	0	0	20,080	9,990	10,085
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	520	255	265
Iranian languages	10	10	5	13,835	6,850	6,980
Baluchi	0	0	0	35	20	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,310	655	660
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	10
Pashto	0	0	0	1,920	960	960
Persian languages	10	10	5	10,495	5,190	5,310
Dari	10	5	5	2,990	1,435	1,560
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,150	3,065	3,080
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,360	690	670
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	47,235	23,055	24,180
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25
Italian	0	0	0	2,140	915	1,220
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,585	2,230	2,355
Romanian	0	0	0	3,525	1,745	1,775
Spanish	10	5	5	36,925	18,135	18,790
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	25
Japanese	0	0	0	2,195	920	1,275
Korean	5	0	5	14,510	6,915	7,590
Mongolian	0	0	0	360	165	200
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,470	3,055	3,415
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	750	370	380
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	10	5
Edo	0	0	0	40	25	20
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	25
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	145	70	75
Ga	0	0	0	30	15	20
Ganda	0	0	0	110	50	60
Gikuyu	0	0	0	20	10	10
Igbo	0	0	0	445	215	225
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	565	255	315
Lingala	0	0	0	140	60	80
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	20	10	15
Mòoré	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mwani	0	0	0	50	30	25
Ndebele	0	0	0	140	65	80
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	330	160	175
Shona	0	0	0	375	180	195
Soninke	0	0	0	15	5	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Swahili	0	0	0	1,100	505	595
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	5	5
Wolof	0	0	0	175	100	80
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,175	565	610
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	670	300	375
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,265	640	625
Dinka	0	0	0	560	310	245
Nuer	0	0	0	400	185	220
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	280	135	145
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,325	765	560
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,065	610	455
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	150	105
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	10	81,325	38,350	42,970
Chinese languages	15	5	10	79,775	37,570	42,200
Hakka	0	0	0	310	125	180
Mandarin	10	5	10	40,005	19,245	20,765
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	985	405	575
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	265	130	140
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	37,205	17,195	20,010
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	965	455	505
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,505	765	745
Burmese	0	0	0	250	125	125
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	120	60	60
Karenic languages	0	0	0	565	280	280
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	460	230	225
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55
Tibetan	0	0	0	510	265	245
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	25
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,410	655	755
Lao	0	0	0	430	205	230
Thai	0	0	0	930	430	495
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	35
Turkic languages	0	0	0	2,685	1,405	1,285
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	235	115	120
Kazakh	0	0	0	25	15	10
Turkish	0	0	0	2,180	1,145	1,035
Uyghur	0	0	0	80	40	40
Uzbek	0	0	0	125	65	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,805	860	945
Estonian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Finnish	0	0	0	110	55	50
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,675	795	880
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35
Multiple responses	35	15	20	166,875	81,225	85,650
English and French	0	0	0	8,010	3,875	4,130
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	152,980	74,600	78,375
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	770	345	430
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,755	845	915
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	3,355	1,560	1,795
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	525	250	275	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
None	395	185	210	3,610,710	1,812,855	1,797,850
English	35	20	20	224,860	111,370	113,495
French	0	0	0	30,900	14,530	16,375
Non-official language	70	30	35	279,795	133,050	146,750
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10,470	4,835	5,630
Non-Indigenous	70	30	35	269,325	128,210	141,115
English and French	0	0	0	2,825	1,370	1,455
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	34,750	17,340	17,410
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,875	3,655	4,220
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	565	295	275
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	29,550	14,325	15,225
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	485	225	260	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485
Official languages	475	225	250	4,113,035	2,061,660	2,051,375
English	475	225	250	4,109,720	2,060,230	2,049,495
French	35	15	20	260,415	119,860	140,560
Non-official languages	160	75	85	1,215,795	587,465	628,325
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	32,910	15,640	17,275
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	29,220	13,945	15,275
Blackfoot	0	0	0	6,605	3,085	3,515
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	22,000	10,590	11,410
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	21,980	10,585	11,395
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	190	100	90
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	150	60	85
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	4,265	1,840	2,425
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	2,155	1,060	1,100
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15,405	7,600	7,800
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	50	25	25
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,050	480	570
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	40	10	30
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	1,020	470	555
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	70	40	35
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	635	290	345
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	320	135	185
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,510	1,145	1,365
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,490	1,140	1,350
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	20	0	15
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	60	25	30
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,760	840	920
Gwich'in	0	0	0	20	15	10
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	395	165	230
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	285	120	165
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	25	15	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	125	45	80
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	80	35	45
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	15	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	15	10	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	180	60	120
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	160	55	100
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	40	15	25
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	40	10	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	20	0	15
Michif	0	0	0	235	105	130
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	10
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	1,155	580	580
Assiniboine	0	0	0	130	55	70
Dakota	0	0	0	200	105	95
Stoney	0	0	0	890	455	430
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	40
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	35	65
Non-Indigenous languages	160	75	85	1,183,510	572,060	611,450
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	123,440	63,820	59,620
Berber languages	0	0	0	630	370	260
Kabyle	0	0	0	425	215	210
Tamazight	0	0	0	180	135	45
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	40	15
Chadic languages	0	0	0	845	500	345
Hausa	0	0	0	810	470	335
Mina	0	0	0	35	30	10
Coptic	0	0	0	135	70	65
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	20,915	10,520	10,385
Bilen	0	0	0	810	415	385
Oromo	0	0	0	5,390	2,775	2,610
Somali	0	0	0	14,865	7,395	7,475
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	90	80
Semitic languages	0	0	0	105,580	54,910	50,670
Amharic	0	0	0	15,775	8,070	7,700
Arabic	0	0	0	76,760	40,430	36,335
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	1,125	625	495
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	470	260	205
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	435	255	190
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	235	125	105
Harari	0	0	0	365	190	175
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,710	1,935	1,770
Maltese	0	0	0	80	40	40
Tigrigna	0	0	0	15,380	7,855	7,515
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	420	285	130
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	35,940	16,645	19,295
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,685	1,275	1,410
Vietnamese	0	0	0	33,020	15,240	17,785
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	390	225	165
Austronesian languages	25	10	20	181,630	80,370	101,260
Bikol	0	0	0	1,140	605	535
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,010	1,285	1,720
Cebuano	0	0	0	8,560	3,850	4,710
Fijian	0	0	0	330	170	165
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	3,750	1,590	2,160
Ilocano	0	0	0	13,710	5,825	7,885
Indonesian	0	0	0	2,410	1,045	1,355
Kankanaey	0	0	0	615	230	380
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	175	95	80
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	80	30	45
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	30	35
Malay	0	0	0	1,705	805	900
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	2,670	1,210	1,465
Pangasinan	0	0	0	1,215	560	660
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	10	20	172,625	76,255	96,375
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	1,015	460	550
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,045	2,295	2,750
Creole languages	0	0	0	5,360	2,730	2,630
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	1,435	765	670
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	480	210	275
Krio	0	0	0	530	260	270
Morisyen	0	0	0	855	425	430
Sango	0	0	0	30	25	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,250	670	585
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,160	580	580
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25,790	13,240	12,545
Kannada	0	0	0	1,785	915	870
Malayalam	0	0	0	12,090	6,195	5,890
Tamil	0	0	0	10,105	5,340	4,760
Telugu	0	0	0	5,040	2,575	2,465
Tulu	0	0	0	160	80	75
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	50
Georgian	0	0	0	315	175	140
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70	35	35	607,625	300,360	307,265
Albanian	0	0	0	3,130	1,730	1,405
Armenian	0	0	0	795	440	355
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	88,305	41,660	46,640
Baltic languages	0	0	0	975	425	545
Latvian	0	0	0	330	130	195
Lithuanian	0	0	0	650	300	350
Slavic languages	10	0	10	87,775	41,425	46,350
Belarusian	0	0	0	280	120	165
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,680	800	880
Czech	0	0	0	3,880	1,930	1,950
Macedonian	0	0	0	635	295	345
Polish	0	0	0	22,385	10,655	11,730
Russian	0	0	0	29,760	14,030	15,725
Rusyn	0	0	0	40	35	15
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	13,860	6,820	7,035
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,470	1,675	1,795
Croatian	0	0	0	6,945	3,440	3,510
Serbian	0	0	0	6,415	3,155	3,260
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	260	115	140
Slovak	0	0	0	2,540	1,165	1,375
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	770	335	440
Ukrainian	0	0	0	23,340	10,625	12,715
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	35
Celtic languages	0	0	0	1,175	565	610
Irish	0	0	0	535	260	275
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	240	110	130
Welsh	0	0	0	335	170	165
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	40
Germanic languages	0	0	0	107,065	53,150	53,915
Frisian	0	0	0	385	175	210
High German languages	0	0	0	66,405	33,105	33,300
German	0	0	0	65,370	32,550	32,820
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	30	15	10
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,585	785	800
Yiddish	0	0	0	215	135	85
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	38,720	19,390	19,320
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5,940	3,005	2,935
Dutch	0	0	0	17,170	8,515	8,655
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,055	2,030	2,020
Low Saxon	0	0	0	290	150	140
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	11,395	5,810	5,590
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	370	180	195
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	5,305	2,545	2,760
Danish	0	0	0	2,525	1,295	1,225
Icelandic	0	0	0	135	45	85
Norwegian	0	0	0	1,235	555	680
Swedish	0	0	0	1,620	760	855
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45
Greek	0	0	0	4,645	2,365	2,280
Indo-Iranian languages	20	0	15	266,095	135,440	130,660
Indo-Aryan languages	20	0	15	242,500	123,495	119,005
Assamese	0	0	0	190	105	90
Bengali	0	0	0	10,675	5,385	5,285
Gujarati	0	0	0	24,780	12,630	12,150
Hindi	20	0	15	94,015	48,065	45,945
Kacchi	0	0	0	3,495	1,550	1,945
Kashmiri	0	0	0	335	160	175
Konkani	0	0	0	860	430	425
Marathi	0	0	0	4,030	2,080	1,950
Nepali	0	0	0	6,995	3,620	3,370
Oriya languages	0	0	0	245	115	135
Odia	0	0	0	80	35	45
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	85	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	126,385	64,695	61,690
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	1,380	755	620
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	3,960	1,950	2,010
Urdu	0	0	0	51,540	26,420	25,125
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,155	970
Iranian languages	0	0	0	27,205	13,830	13,380
Baluchi	0	0	0	95	60	35
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,510	1,335	1,180
Parsi	0	0	0	35	20	10
Pashto	0	0	0	4,550	2,335	2,220
Persian languages	0	0	0	20,940	10,630	10,310
Dari	0	0	0	7,385	3,640	3,745
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	11,130	5,755	5,370
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,710	1,390	1,320
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	105	100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	185	130
Italic (Romance) languages	40	30	0	154,035	74,195	79,845
Catalan	0	0	0	155	75	80
Italian	0	0	0	19,480	9,525	9,960
Portuguese	0	0	0	14,645	7,290	7,355
Romanian	10	0	0	9,765	4,930	4,830
Spanish	20	20	0	116,070	55,430	60,640
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	455	270	185
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	300	135	165
Japanese	0	0	0	10,925	4,845	6,080
Korean	0	0	0	23,030	10,705	12,325
Mongolian	0	0	0	790	355	435
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	41,335	20,960	20,375
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	3,555	1,805	1,755
Bamanankan	0	0	0	130	80	55
Edo	0	0	0	735	400	335
Éwé	0	0	0	490	265	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	475	270	205
Ga	0	0	0	515	265	255
Ganda	0	0	0	730	350	380
Gikuyu	0	0	0	420	205	210
Igbo	0	0	0	4,685	2,390	2,295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,955	1,010	945
Lingala	0	0	0	1,555	790	765
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	205	95	110
Mòoré	0	0	0	110	50	60
Mwani	0	0	0	330	180	145
Ndebele	0	0	0	950	465	480
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,305	675	630
Shona	0	0	0	2,160	1,035	1,130
Soninke	0	0	0	125	65	55
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	320	140	180
Swahili	0	0	0	9,495	5,040	4,455
Wojenaka	0	0	0	145	85	60
Wolof	0	0	0	730	400	330
Yoruba	0	0	0	10,490	5,265	5,220
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	6,385	3,160	3,230
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	3,615	1,890	1,725
Dinka	0	0	0	1,595	850	740
Nuer	0	0	0	745	355	395
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,285	695	590
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	440	240	200
Sign languages	0	0	0	6,525	2,455	4,070
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5,685	2,100	3,585
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	20
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	970	415	550
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	15	20	144,545	68,355	76,190
Chinese languages	40	15	20	141,465	66,830	74,635
Hakka	0	0	0	1,450	630	820
Mandarin	20	10	15	82,095	38,175	43,915
Min Dong	0	0	0	55	25	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	4,250	1,825	2,425
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	615	280	335
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15	74,960	35,260	39,700
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,795	860	930
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	3,035	1,510	1,520
Burmese	0	0	0	895	450	450
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	160	75	80
Karenic languages	0	0	0	1,095	555	545
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	970	485	480
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	90	80
Tibetan	0	0	0	825	435	390
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	325	135	195
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	75	160
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	4,335	1,770	2,565
Lao	0	0	0	1,515	755	760
Thai	0	0	0	3,030	1,125	1,905
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220	90	130
Turkic languages	0	0	0	7,450	4,015	3,435
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	950	500	445
Kazakh	0	0	0	235	110	125
Turkish	0	0	0	5,830	3,285	2,540
Uyghur	0	0	0	205	80	120
Uzbek	0	0	0	435	225	210
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	260	110	140
Uralic languages	0	0	0	7,950	3,810	4,140
Estonian	0	0	0	245	105	135
Finnish	0	0	0	1,020	480	540
Hungarian	0	0	0	6,700	3,235	3,465
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,135	630	505
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	485	225	260	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	284,470	137,665	146,800
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	276,060	133,625	142,435
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	145,640	70,360	75,285
Métis	0	0	0	127,470	61,780	65,690
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	2,945	1,480	1,465
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	4,785	2,435	2,350
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	3,620	1,610	2,010
Non-Indigenous identity	485	225	260	3,893,245	1,950,565	1,942,685
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	485	225	260	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	126,530	61,050	65,485
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	485	225	260	4,051,185	2,027,185	2,024,000
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Owner	175	...	...	1,157,495	...	...
Renter	25	...	...	465,220	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	10,505	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Condominium	80	...	...	294,875	...	...
Not condominium	120	...	...	1,338,345	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	9,160	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	158,300	...	...
2 bedrooms	40	...	...	350,400	...	...
3 bedrooms	105	...	...	566,750	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	50	...	...	548,610	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	20	...	...	427,120	...	...
5 rooms	70	...	...	258,680	...	...
6 rooms	30	...	...	235,145	...	...
7 rooms	45	...	...	206,130	...	...
8 or more rooms	30	...	...	506,150	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
One person or fewer per room	195	...	...	1,589,600	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	43,620	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Suitable	185	...	...	1,556,960	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	76,260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	168,925	...	...
1961 to 1980	0	...	...	428,655	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	188,550	...	...
1991 to 2000	45	...	...	224,315	...	...
2001 to 2005	130	...	...	152,840	...	...
2006 to 2010	15	...	...	168,905	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	161,095	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	139,935	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	195	...	...	1,543,795	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...	89,420	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
One-maintainer household	135	...	...	802,915	...	...
Two-maintainer household	55	...	...	745,175	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	85,130	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	51,475	...	...
25 to 34 years	10	...	...	260,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	30	...	...	341,390	...	...
45 to 54 years	65	...	...	304,080	...	...
55 to 64 years	45	...	...	311,335	...	...
65 to 74 years	40	...	...	222,825	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	105,505	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	35,775	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	200	...	...	1,588,960	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	150	...	...	1,251,370	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	45	...	...	337,585	...	...
30% to less than 100%	35	...	...	306,355	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	463,775	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	45	...	...	304,300	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	58,970	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	61,750	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	11,080	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	21,460	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	5,470	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	740	...	...
Acceptable housing	145	...	...	1,169,450	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	185	...	...	1,557,725	...	...
In core need	15	...	...	154,230	...	...
Not in core need	170	...	...	1,403,495	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	180	...	...	1,131,995	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.3	...	...	64.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.4	...	...	16.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,590	...	...	1,600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,550	...	...	1,678	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	420,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	428,000	...	...	448,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20	...	...	463,570	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	9.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	34.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,280	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,400	...	...	1,332	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	10,505	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	302	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	350	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	485	225	260	4,177,715	2,088,230	2,089,480
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	135,650	66,545	69,110
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	131,200	64,375	66,820
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	101,455	49,465	51,990
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	28,695	14,340	14,355
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	1,050	570	480
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	4,455	2,175	2,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	4,090	1,985	2,100
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	160	75	90
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	160	85	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	50	25	25
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	187,365	90,475	96,890
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	180,640	87,270	93,375
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	102,335	49,695	52,640
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	76,055	36,420	39,640
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,255	1,155	1,095
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	6,720	3,210	3,515
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	6,150	2,915	3,235
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	315	140	175
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	205	130	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	15	40
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	470	220	250	3,854,695	1,931,210	1,923,485
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	490	230	260	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	445	200	240	3,792,705	1,903,020	1,889,685
Canadian citizens aged under 18	90	50	35	900,670	463,925	436,745
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	355	150	205	2,892,035	1,439,095	1,452,945
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	40	25	15	385,010	185,215	199,795
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	490	230	260	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	350	175	175	3,141,915	1,585,765	1,556,150
Immigrants⁸¹	135	55	80	970,970	468,250	502,725
Before 1980	25	0	15	127,275	62,275	65,005
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	91,320	44,550	46,770
1991 to 2000	30	10	20	126,605	60,125	66,480
2001 to 2010	10	0	0	239,260	115,815	123,445
2011 to 2021⁸²	60	30	30	386,510	185,485	201,025
2011 to 2015	25	10	15	193,335	93,675	99,665
2016 to 2021	35	20	15	193,175	91,810	101,360
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	64,830	34,215	30,610
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	135	50	80	970,975	468,250	502,725
Under 5 years	10	0	0	85,135	43,645	41,485
5 to 14 years	20	10	10	169,075	87,630	81,440
15 to 24 years	35	20	15	175,855	81,330	94,525
25 to 44 years	45	10	30	450,070	213,555	236,510
45 years and over	25	10	20	90,845	42,090	48,760
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	135	50	80	970,975	468,250	502,725
Americas	10	10	0	110,855	51,790	59,065
Brazil	0	0	0	3,800	1,590	2,210
Colombia	0	0	0	10,385	4,855	5,535
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,940	3,340	3,600
Guyana	0	0	0	2,375	1,175	1,205
Haiti	0	0	0	1,370	745	625
Jamaica	0	0	0	8,695	4,160	4,530
Mexico	0	0	0	17,990	8,935	9,055
Peru	0	0	0	1,905	825	1,075
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	3,360	1,560	1,800
United States of America	10	0	0	30,540	13,490	17,050
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	23,500	11,110	12,395
Europe	35	10	25	180,590	90,195	90,395
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	4,335	2,155	2,185
Croatia	0	0	0	3,405	1,710	1,700
France	0	0	0	2,720	1,330	1,390
Germany	0	0	0	16,635	8,000	8,635
Greece	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	855
Hungary	0	0	0	3,080	1,505	1,580
Italy	0	0	0	6,990	3,605	3,380
Netherlands	0	0	0	12,730	6,680	6,050
Poland	0	0	0	15,595	7,280	8,315
Portugal	0	0	0	3,730	1,895	1,835
Romania	0	0	0	7,190	3,585	3,605
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,470	3,205	4,260
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	2,220	1,075	1,145
Ukraine	0	0	0	8,915	4,050	4,870
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	56,675	29,555	27,125
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	26,990	13,535	13,460
Africa	0	0	0	119,295	60,715	58,580
Algeria	0	0	0	1,220	665	560
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	3,215	1,640	1,575
Egypt	0	0	0	6,760	3,660	3,095
Eritrea	0	0	0	9,720	5,230	4,495
Ethiopia	0	0	0	14,420	7,085	7,340
Morocco	0	0	0	2,130	1,100	1,035
Nigeria	0	0	0	21,065	10,925	10,145
Somalia	0	0	0	8,545	4,260	4,285
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	8,960	4,430	4,535
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	43,250	21,720	21,530
Asia	85	35	50	549,965	260,520	289,440
Afghanistan	0	0	0	6,585	3,235	3,350
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	8,865	4,625	4,245
Iraq	0	0	0	6,220	3,225	2,990
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,960	5,375	4,585
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	9,975	5,310	4,665
Turkey	0	0	0	2,830	1,575	1,260
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	61,390	27,935	33,455
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	18,725	9,090	9,630
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	16,180	7,545	8,635
Taiwan	0	0	0	3,395	1,415	1,980
Philippines	25	10	20	167,735	74,205	93,530
Viet Nam	0	0	0	27,880	12,700	15,180
Bangladesh	0	0	0	6,035	3,080	2,960
India	15	10	10	122,150	61,405	60,740
Pakistan	0	0	0	30,810	15,690	15,120
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	4,930	2,490	2,445
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	46,305	21,615	24,690
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	10,275	5,030	5,240
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	35	20	20	193,170	91,815	101,360
Americas	0	0	0	19,300	8,985	10,320
Brazil	0	0	0	1,365	555	810
Colombia	0	0	0	1,310	535	775
Haiti	0	0	0	220	135	85
Jamaica	0	0	0	2,130	985	1,145
Mexico	0	0	0	4,165	2,140	2,025
United States of America	0	0	0	5,175	2,460	2,715
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,220	525	695
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,715	1,645	2,070
Europe	0	0	0	15,750	7,955	7,795
France	0	0	0	405	200	200
Germany	0	0	0	750	310	445
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	1,060	640	425
Italy	0	0	0	470	285	180
Russian Federation	0	0	0	1,090	395	695
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,045	920	1,125
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	3,800	2,170	1,630
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	6,135	3,045	3,090
Africa	0	0	0	34,320	16,870	17,450
Algeria	0	0	0	155	50	105
Burundi	0	0	0	450	220	230
Cameroon	0	0	0	905	385	520
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	920	450	465
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	265	125	140
Egypt	0	0	0	1,190	595	595
Eritrea	0	0	0	5,120	2,665	2,450
Ethiopia	0	0	0	3,960	1,865	2,100
Morocco	0	0	0	510	215	290
Nigeria	0	0	0	9,840	4,950	4,890
Somalia	0	0	0	1,960	970	985
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,950	1,025	930
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	1,135	530	605
Tunisia	0	0	0	250	150	105
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	5,725	2,680	3,040
Asia	35	20	20	122,360	57,210	65,145
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,350	655	700
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,135	540	590
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	9,495	4,095	5,400
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	730	330	395
India	0	0	0	31,815	16,070	15,745
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	1,420	665	750
Iraq	0	0	0	1,305	625	680
Israel	0	0	0	660	365	295
Japan	0	0	0	335	50	285
Jordan	0	0	0	455	235	220
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,425	1,440	1,990
Lebanon	0	0	0	955	455	500
Nepal	0	0	0	1,365	670	695
Pakistan	0	0	0	4,085	1,950	2,130
Philippines	0	0	0	47,605	21,395	26,215
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	690	360	325
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	740	370	365
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	7,295	3,900	3,400
Turkey	0	0	0	845	405	440
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	375	315
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,760	580	1,180
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	4,205	1,670	2,540
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	1,445	785	655
Australia	0	0	0	940	510	430
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	500	280	220
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	485	225	260	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
First generation¹⁰⁰	130	55	80	1,074,140	522,255	551,885
Second generation¹⁰¹	120	70	50	777,505	391,285	386,215
Third generation or more¹⁰²	235	105	130	2,326,075	1,174,690	1,151,385
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	110	50	65	843,700	405,975	437,720
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	45	15	35	471,325	236,805	234,520
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	20	0	20	192,785	116,035	76,755
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	35	15	20	278,535	120,765	157,765
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	45	25	20	240,090	98,410	141,680
Refugees¹⁰⁸	20	10	10	123,970	66,715	57,255
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	8,315	4,050	4,265
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	110	50	65	843,700	405,975	437,720
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	10	0	29,815	17,215	12,595
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	10	0	126,640	57,515	69,125
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	24,340	12,430	11,910
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	10	47,540	25,735	21,805
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	3,740	1,430	2,305
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	75	25	50	611,625	291,650	319,975
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	485	225	260	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	130	70	65	1,161,420	571,535	589,885
South Asian	30	10	15	297,650	152,030	145,620
Chinese	50	25	25	164,235	79,520	84,710
Black	0	0	0	177,940	90,375	87,570
Filipino	30	10	20	216,710	99,540	117,170
Arab	0	0	0	69,505	36,555	32,955
Latin American	0	0	0	66,520	32,115	34,405
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	54,005	25,215	28,790
West Asian	0	0	0	25,075	12,835	12,240
Korean	0	0	0	24,365	11,600	12,770
Japanese	0	0	0	13,560	6,135	7,425
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	12,100	5,985	6,120
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	39,745	19,625	20,120
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	355	155	190	3,016,295	1,516,700	1,499,605
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	490	225	260	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485
Canadian	70	45	25	484,655	251,795	232,860
English	95	40	55	766,070	376,940	389,130
Irish	85	35	50	561,915	270,440	291,470
Scottish	120	65	50	631,015	309,855	321,160
French, n.o.s.¹²²	40	35	0	340,900	167,270	173,635
German	40	15	35	641,025	317,325	323,705
Chinese	50	20	30	177,990	85,545	92,440
Italian	0	0	0	98,730	49,855	48,875
Indian (India)	0	0	0	155,700	79,060	76,640
Ukrainian	20	10	10	343,640	169,070	174,575
Dutch	30	10	20	174,625	87,015	87,610
Polish	40	20	20	169,925	82,005	87,915
Québécois	0	0	0	5,380	2,810	2,570
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	15	10	0	124,835	63,065	61,770
Filipino	30	10	15	203,955	94,020	109,935
French Canadian	15	10	0	32,365	15,655	16,710
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	73,475	37,700	35,780
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	73,355	35,940	37,415
Métis	0	0	0	115,455	55,915	59,535
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	70,790	36,360	34,425
Russian	10	0	0	97,890	46,455	51,435
Norwegian	25	10	20	154,535	74,455	80,085
Welsh	0	0	0	76,810	36,840	39,970
Portuguese	0	0	0	21,415	10,745	10,680
American	0	0	0	66,100	32,535	33,560
Spanish	0	0	0	40,165	18,395	21,770
Swedish	25	0	20	92,975	43,950	49,025
Hungarian	0	0	0	51,360	25,175	26,185
Acadian	0	0	0	10,110	5,175	4,935
Pakistani	0	0	0	39,535	20,140	19,390
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	34,225	17,015	17,210
Jewish	0	0	0	14,405	7,195	7,210
Punjabi	0	0	0	37,585	19,270	18,315
Vietnamese	0	0	0	39,395	18,815	20,580
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	23,860	12,675	11,185
Greek	0	0	0	13,980	7,290	6,690
Jamaican	0	0	0	15,620	7,845	7,775
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	31,255	15,030	16,225
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	62,465	30,145	32,315
Korean	0	0	0	24,170	11,505	12,660
Romanian	0	0	0	31,530	14,880	16,650
Lebanese	0	0	0	28,480	14,600	13,880
Iranian	0	0	0	10,550	5,380	5,165
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	14,380	7,135	7,240
Danish	0	0	0	56,190	27,550	28,640
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	26,435	12,745	13,695
Sikh	0	0	0	28,860	15,005	13,855
Austrian	0	0	0	36,220	17,895	18,325
Belgian	0	0	0	21,985	10,715	11,270
Haitian	0	0	0	2,460	1,255	1,200
Hindu	0	0	0	20,535	10,485	10,050
Mexican	0	0	0	25,450	12,870	12,580
Mennonite	0	0	0	31,565	15,825	15,740
Swiss	0	0	0	22,450	11,045	11,405
Finnish	0	0	0	18,705	9,040	9,665
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	5,140	2,600	2,540
Croatian	0	0	0	13,720	6,830	6,890
Japanese	0	0	0	18,605	8,565	10,040
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	8,945	4,525	4,420
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	8,305	4,030	4,275
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	10	10	25,800	13,080	12,720
Muslim	0	0	0	12,420	6,350	6,065
Egyptian	0	0	0	9,585	5,080	4,505
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	12,105	5,985	6,125
Tamil	0	0	0	3,160	1,645	1,515
Icelandic	0	0	0	19,720	9,865	9,850
Colombian	0	0	0	11,115	5,380	5,735
Moroccan	0	0	0	2,620	1,375	1,250
Czech	10	0	10	19,730	9,465	10,260
Syrian	0	0	0	9,520	4,880	4,645
Guyanese	0	0	0	3,370	1,715	1,655
Afghan	0	0	0	10,380	5,155	5,225
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	6,880	3,570	3,310
Serbian	0	0	0	7,410	3,655	3,760
Ojibway	0	0	0	4,680	2,280	2,395
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	8,615	4,495	4,125
Hong Konger	0	0	0	6,715	3,340	3,375
Ontarian	0	0	0	3,155	1,505	1,655
Persian	0	0	0	4,640	2,425	2,215
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	4,595	2,300	2,295
Turkish	0	0	0	6,670	3,725	2,945
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	3,935	2,065	1,870
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	6,525	3,435	3,090
Algerian	0	0	0	1,300	680	620
Brazilian	0	0	0	5,000	2,340	2,655
Nigerian	0	0	0	14,600	7,585	7,015
Armenian	0	0	0	1,870	930	940
Slovak	0	0	0	10,525	5,200	5,320
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	7,430	3,470	3,965
Somali	0	0	0	16,310	8,160	8,150
Taiwanese	0	0	0	3,630	1,510	2,120
Iraqi	0	0	0	4,725	2,385	2,345
Salvadorean	0	0	0	7,055	3,475	3,580
African Caribbean	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	7,445	3,460	3,980
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	5,800	3,120	2,680
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	3,670	1,735	1,930
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,680	820	860
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,215	995	1,220
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,670	2,635	3,035
South African	0	0	0	8,400	4,055	4,345
Australian	0	0	0	8,395	4,275	4,125
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,425	2,365	2,060
Chilean	0	0	0	7,350	3,765	3,590
Congolese	0	0	0	3,540	1,815	1,725
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	2,590	1,280	1,310
Ethiopian	0	0	0	13,505	6,620	6,875
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	5,735	2,690	3,045
Peruvian	0	0	0	2,670	1,270	1,395
Yoruba	0	0	0	8,895	4,535	4,360
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	4,535	2,235	2,295
Berber	0	0	0	995	550	450
Albanian	0	0	0	3,240	1,810	1,430
Maltese	0	0	0	1,535	800	730
Macedonian	0	0	0	925	440	485
Slovenian	0	0	0	3,860	1,935	1,925
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	5,220	2,505	2,715
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	1,545	790	760
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,210	2,140	2,070
Eritrean	0	0	0	11,010	5,580	5,430
African Canadian	0	0	0	2,605	1,305	1,305
Israeli	0	0	0	1,920	995	925
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,965	1,020	950
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	8,235	3,925	4,310
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,490	1,205	1,290
Albertan	0	0	0	26,600	13,605	12,990
Ghanaian	0	0	0	4,015	2,025	1,995
Barbadian	0	0	0	1,725	835	895
African American	0	0	0	3,250	1,665	1,585
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	4,085	1,990	2,095
Tunisian	0	0	0	855	440	415
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	3,640	1,890	1,745
Cuban	0	0	0	2,125	985	1,140
Bosnian	0	0	0	4,170	2,065	2,100
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,240	2,015	2,220
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	250	110	140
Latvian	0	0	0	2,920	1,450	1,470
Bengali	0	0	0	2,190	1,090	1,095
Cameroonian	0	0	0	2,205	1,060	1,140
Guatemalan	0	0	0	2,395	1,185	1,210
Indonesian	0	0	0	3,640	1,660	1,985
Laotian	0	0	0	2,460	1,225	1,235
Ilocano	0	0	0	6,045	2,785	3,255
Northern Irish	0	0	0	2,525	1,205	1,320
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0	2,405	1,230	1,175
British Columbian	0	0	0	1,940	965	980
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	980	465	515
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	320	190	130
Argentinian	0	0	0	2,030	1,030	1,000
Estonian	0	0	0	2,640	1,280	1,365
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110
Fijian	0	0	0	4,155	2,040	2,115
Jatt	0	0	0	2,875	1,445	1,430
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	2,195	1,125	1,070
Coptic	0	0	0	1,285	650	635
Thai	0	0	0	3,535	1,240	2,295
Dominican	0	0	0	1,005	525	480
Nepali	0	0	0	5,140	2,655	2,485
Kabyle	0	0	0	225	125	95
Assyrian	0	0	0	690	345	350
Igbo	0	0	0	5,245	2,750	2,495
Byelorussian	0	0	0	2,310	1,120	1,190
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	4,220	2,020	2,200
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	11,115	5,290	5,830
Abenaki	0	0	0	135	65	70
Moldovan	0	0	0	2,070	1,065	1,005
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,360	645	710
New Zealander	0	0	0	3,175	1,630	1,545
Sudanese	0	0	0	5,225	2,690	2,530
Breton	0	0	0	320	155	165
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,180
Malaysian	0	0	0	2,640	1,205	1,435
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5,360	2,660	2,705
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	965	470	490
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	240	140	105
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	4,150	1,935	2,210
Buddhist	0	0	0	2,200	1,080	1,125
Gaspesian	0	0	0	80	55	25
Norman	0	0	0	495	330	165
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	2,715	1,400	1,315
Ivorian	0	0	0	685	330	360
Saulteaux	0	0	0	1,990	910	1,075
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	550	240	315
Burundian	0	0	0	1,155	575	580
Tigrinya	0	0	0	5,075	2,745	2,325
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,780	895	880
Mauritian	0	0	0	985	450	540
Kenyan	0	0	0	2,710	1,315	1,395
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	135	40	95
Vincentian	0	0	0	445	200	250
Jordanian	0	0	0	1,175	575	600
Manitoban	0	0	0	1,595	845	750
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	665	305	355
Rwandan	0	0	0	1,605	860	745
Grenadian	0	0	0	600	245	355
Malayali	0	0	0	1,705	900	800
Chaldean	0	0	0	255	140	115
Sinhalese	0	0	0	1,220	590	630
Mayan	0	0	0	1,405	710	695
Honduran	0	0	0	905	395	515
Cherokee	0	0	0	2,075	1,030	1,040
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	910	460	455
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	310	150	155
Flemish	0	0	0	1,530	740	785
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	520	250	265
Senegalese	0	0	0	380	215	155
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	975	500	475
Sicilian	0	0	0	345	185	155
Pashtun	0	0	0	1,370	715	650
Malay	0	0	0	1,785	855	925
Goan	0	0	0	565	295	270
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	865	440	435
Tibetan	0	0	0	850	455	395
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	2,825	1,300	1,530
Burmese	0	0	0	1,115	535	580
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,690	805	885
Azorean	0	0	0	230	100	130
Atikamekw	0	0	0	30	20	10
Bamileke	0	0	0	340	185	160
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	250	135	110
Ugandan	0	0	0	1,595	780	815
Oromo	0	0	0	3,745	2,025	1,715
Tanzanian	0	0	0	1,500	775	725
Yemeni	0	0	0	1,160	565	595
Central African	0	0	0	320	165	155
Libyan	0	0	0	1,010	620	395
Basque	0	0	0	475	235	240
Uruguayan	0	0	0	285	145	145
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	840	400	445
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	735	410	330
Igorot	0	0	0	2,535	1,145	1,395
Fulani	0	0	0	370	190	180
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	2,295	1,120	1,180
Guinean	0	0	0	370	190	185
St. Lucian	0	0	0	535	235	300
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	585	280	310
Maliseet	0	0	0	110	55	55
Beninese	0	0	0	320	160	165
Telugu	0	0	0	580	310	270
Roma	0	0	0	655	305	350
Costa Rican	0	0	0	595	290	305
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	225	120	105
Malagasy	0	0	0	125	50	75
Kashmiri	0	0	0	1,195	575	620
Singaporean	0	0	0	780	340	440
Karen	0	0	0	1,120	560	560
Edo	0	0	0	1,145	625	525
Tajik	0	0	0	370	185	190
Amhara	0	0	0	1,755	925	825
Paraguayan	0	0	0	310	125	185
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	485	225	260	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
Buddhist	0	0	0	42,830	19,140	23,690
Christian	230	70	155	2,009,820	952,440	1,057,385
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	60	20	40	429,375	207,320	222,055
Anabaptist	0	0	0	20,035	10,075	9,960
Anglican	25	15	10	95,560	43,925	51,635
Baptist	0	0	0	44,605	20,650	23,955
Catholic	105	35	70	833,025	399,750	433,275
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	63,775	30,995	32,775
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	18,185	7,955	10,235
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	47,125	22,540	24,580
Lutheran	10	0	0	78,925	36,470	42,455
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	9,640	4,400	5,240
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	53,900	25,250	28,655
Presbyterian	0	0	0	22,850	10,360	12,495
Reformed	0	0	0	14,735	7,310	7,430
United Church	10	0	10	153,820	67,205	86,615
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	124,265	58,235	66,030
Hindu	0	0	0	78,520	40,435	38,085
Jewish	0	0	0	11,390	5,475	5,915
Muslim	20	10	10	202,535	103,635	98,900
Sikh	0	0	0	103,600	52,505	51,100
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	19,755	9,640	10,120
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	33,220	14,325	18,905
No religion and secular perspectives	210	135	80	1,676,045	890,645	785,400
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	480	230	260	4,131,540	2,064,715	2,066,825
Non-movers	440	210	230	3,583,005	1,793,310	1,789,695
Movers	45	20	25	548,535	271,400	277,130
Non-migrants	40	20	20	367,325	182,230	185,100
Migrants	0	0	0	181,205	89,170	92,035
Internal migrants	0	0	0	152,655	75,275	77,380
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	107,180	52,880	54,295
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	45,475	22,390	23,090
External migrants	0	0	0	28,555	13,900	14,650
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	465	220	250	3,930,000	1,961,005	1,969,000
Non-movers	315	150	165	2,314,250	1,158,665	1,155,590
Movers	150	70	80	1,615,755	802,340	813,415
Non-migrants	70	35	35	854,765	427,660	427,105
Migrants	80	40	45	760,990	374,680	386,305
Internal migrants	70	25	40	596,980	295,120	301,860
Intraprovincial migrants	40	15	20	431,785	213,950	217,830
Interprovincial migrants	30	10	20	165,195	81,160	84,035
External migrants	15	10	0	164,015	79,565	84,445
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	415	185	230	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	55	20	30	595,665	322,765	272,900
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	360	160	195	2,779,465	1,353,090	1,426,375
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	285	135	150	2,298,165	1,141,780	1,156,380
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25	0	20	274,480	156,485	117,990
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	260	130	130	2,023,680	985,290	1,038,390
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	415	180	230	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,275
No certificate, diploma or degree	45	25	20	522,835	275,555	247,275
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	115	45	70	972,110	482,900	489,215
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	260	115	140	1,880,185	917,400	962,790
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	115	55	60	1,014,810	524,770	490,045
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25	15	10	295,285	232,120	63,165
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	15	0	87,195	51,295	35,900
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	0	10	208,090	180,830	27,260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	80	35	40	612,690	250,540	362,145
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	10	0	106,840	42,105	64,735
Bachelor's degree or higher	145	60	80	865,370	392,625	472,745
Bachelor's degree	85	35	50	605,025	265,105	339,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	10	10	44,915	19,815	25,100
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	23,880	12,100	11,775
Master's degree	25	10	20	164,245	79,220	85,025
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	27,315	16,385	10,920
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	280	135	150	2,298,160	1,141,780	1,156,385
No certificate, diploma or degree	15	0	10	227,880	126,960	100,920
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	60	25	35	581,820	298,415	283,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	205	100	105	1,488,465	716,410	772,060
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	80	50	35	774,420	401,065	373,355
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	10	10	220,930	175,185	45,745
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	10	0	61,815	37,400	24,415
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	10	159,110	137,785	21,330
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	55	35	25	472,155	193,510	278,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	81,335	32,370	48,965
Bachelor's degree or higher	130	50	75	714,040	315,340	398,700
Bachelor's degree	75	30	45	497,885	213,625	284,260
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	10	10	35,125	15,110	20,020
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	20,045	9,435	10,615
Master's degree	25	0	15	139,935	65,290	74,645
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	21,050	11,880	9,165
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	415	185	230	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	160	65	90	1,494,945	758,460	736,490
Education	15	0	10	129,710	30,305	99,400
13. Education	15	0	10	129,710	30,305	99,400
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	49,820	20,045	29,775
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	5,805	4,125	1,675
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	44,015	15,915	28,100
Humanities	20	10	10	75,030	29,415	45,615
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	7,385	1,545	5,845
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	15,425	4,255	11,170
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	24,015	8,710	15,315
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,165	400	760
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,555	3,090	2,465
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	11,680	6,855	4,830
54. History	0	0	0	8,065	4,165	3,895
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	1,735	400	1,335
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	25	177,435	57,365	120,070
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,750	620	2,130
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	21,730	8,340	13,395
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	29,220	2,090	27,125
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	31,215	10,250	20,965
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	3,045	1,025	2,015
42. Psychology	10	0	10	31,925	7,565	24,355
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	57,565	27,475	30,085
Business, management and public administration	100	55	45	390,110	151,140	238,975
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	615	160	455
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	23,375	4,465	18,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	90	55	35	366,120	146,520	219,605
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	80,425	40,180	40,245
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	29,505	11,950	17,555
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	18,630	8,340	10,295
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,115	400	715
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	26,315	17,555	8,760
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	4,860	1,930	2,930
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	71,380	45,230	26,150
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	58,030	39,530	18,500
25. Library science	0	0	0	4,400	600	3,800
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,770	4,330	3,435
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,190	765	420
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	25	10	461,075	411,075	49,995
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	12,095	7,465	4,625
14. Engineering	15	10	0	114,735	92,365	22,370
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	0	0	106,575	91,350	15,225
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	50	25	25
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	95,890	92,650	3,240
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	82,805	80,150	2,655
48. Precision production	10	10	0	48,925	47,075	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	51,710	28,660	23,055
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	35,010	19,075	15,935
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	16,700	9,575	7,120
Health and related fields	30	10	20	295,415	56,225	239,190
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	20,505	9,625	10,885
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	10	20	267,750	42,785	224,965
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	475	180	295
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	6,680	3,635	3,050
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	10	97,660	47,575	50,075
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	57,430	15,580	41,845
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	365	335	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	705	605	100
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	19,025	12,445	6,580
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	20,125	18,615	1,520
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	420	190	235
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	285	130	150	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	75	30	45	809,700	425,375	384,325
Education	10	0	0	92,240	19,980	72,255
13. Education	10	0	0	92,240	19,980	72,255
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	39,730	15,620	24,110
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	4,065	2,750	1,315
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	35,665	12,875	22,790
Humanities	10	10	0	58,200	22,205	35,990
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	5,945	1,210	4,740
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	12,145	3,310	8,825
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	19,305	6,800	12,500
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	890	295	590
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	4,385	2,430	1,950
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	8,135	4,740	3,395
54. History	0	0	0	6,205	3,160	3,040
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	1,190	250	940
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	25	146,530	45,555	100,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,315	515	1,800
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	18,890	6,940	11,950
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	23,325	1,630	21,690
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	25,940	7,730	18,210
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,545	825	1,715
42. Psychology	10	0	10	25,775	5,750	20,025
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	47,735	22,165	25,570
Business, management and public administration	85	45	35	317,125	121,510	195,615
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	450	135	315
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	18,680	3,200	15,480
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	70	45	25	297,995	118,175	179,820
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	61,555	29,465	32,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	23,290	9,185	14,105
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	14,260	6,255	8,010
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	900	315	580
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	19,655	12,320	7,335
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	3,445	1,385	2,055
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	61,125	39,035	22,085
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	51,435	34,910	16,530
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,945	460	2,490
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,775	3,080	2,700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	965	590	370
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	30	20	10	362,315	318,170	44,135
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	9,600	5,585	4,020
14. Engineering	10	10	0	95,200	75,075	20,125
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	0	0	84,485	71,240	13,245
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	40	10	30
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	73,955	71,080	2,875
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	61,780	59,485	2,290
48. Precision production	0	0	0	37,260	35,705	1,555
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	40,085	20,610	19,475
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	26,160	12,965	13,205
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	13,925	7,650	6,275
Health and related fields	20	10	15	232,820	45,895	186,920
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	16,345	7,640	8,705
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	10	10	210,650	35,325	175,320
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	400	145	255
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,430	2,785	2,645
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	10	76,410	38,205	38,205
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	43,535	12,080	31,455
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	300	275	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	445	390	55
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	15,885	10,385	5,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	16,245	15,080	1,165
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	350	145	205
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	285	130	150	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	75	30	45	809,700	425,375	384,325
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	210	100	105	1,488,465	716,405	772,060
Location of study inside Canada	165	75	90	1,157,790	563,035	594,750
Same as province or territory of residence	130	50	80	886,080	429,870	456,210
Different than province or territory of residence	35	30	10	271,710	133,165	138,545
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	40	25	25	330,675	153,370	177,305
Americas	0	0	0	54,515	26,775	27,740
United States of America	0	0	0	34,460	17,900	16,555
Mexico	0	0	0	4,820	2,255	2,565
Cuba	0	0	0	625	300	320
Haiti	0	0	0	190	125	65
Jamaica	0	0	0	1,470	665	805
Brazil	0	0	0	2,480	1,000	1,475
Colombia	0	0	0	3,200	1,335	1,865
Peru	0	0	0	640	220	420
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	2,395	995	1,400
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,235	1,975	2,265
Europe	0	0	0	54,920	28,570	26,350
Belgium	0	0	0	510	320	190
France	0	0	0	2,005	1,045	960
Germany	0	0	0	3,195	1,670	1,520
Netherlands	0	0	0	2,110	1,215	890
Switzerland	0	0	0	945	515	435
Hungary	0	0	0	645	310	335
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	980	445	540
Poland	0	0	0	3,150	1,350	1,805
Romania	0	0	0	2,790	1,455	1,335
Russian Federation	0	0	0	3,450	1,515	1,935
Ukraine	0	0	0	4,305	1,940	2,365
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	1,865	1,115	750
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	20,280	11,190	9,090
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	730	375	360
Italy	0	0	0	660	360	300
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	755	365	390
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	6,550	3,385	3,165
Africa	0	0	0	26,775	13,770	13,005
Nigeria	0	0	0	7,795	3,825	3,970
Algeria	0	0	0	670	345	325
Morocco	0	0	0	1,085	615	475
Tunisia	0	0	0	505	305	200
Egypt	0	0	0	3,230	1,665	1,565
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	3,660	1,885	1,770
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	9,830	5,130	4,700
Asia	35	15	20	188,060	80,750	107,315
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,440	1,605	1,835
Iraq	0	0	0	1,435	730	705
Israel	0	0	0	655	350	305
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,500	695	805
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	1,370	700	660
Turkey	0	0	0	895	540	360
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	17,320	7,525	9,795
Taiwan	0	0	0	960	245	715
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	1,245	425	820
Japan	0	0	0	1,935	530	1,405
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	6,990	2,990	4,000
Philippines	0	0	0	74,205	29,080	45,130
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,500	545	955
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,470	990	1,490
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	1,280	685	595
India	0	0	0	52,120	24,905	27,215
Pakistan	0	0	0	10,355	4,710	5,645
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	8,390	3,510	4,885
Oceania	0	0	0	6,410	3,505	2,905
Australia	0	0	0	4,880	2,560	2,320
New Zealand	0	0	0	1,105	680	425
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	425	265	160
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	415	180	230	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,280
In the labour force	300	135	160	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,425
Employed	255	120	135	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,135
Unemployed	40	15	25	264,650	138,365	126,290
Not in the labour force	120	50	70	1,079,750	459,900	619,845
Participation rate	72.3	75.0	69.6	68.0	72.6	63.5
Employment rate	61.4	66.7	58.7	60.2	64.3	56.1
Unemployment rate	13.3	11.1	15.6	11.5	11.4	11.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	415	185	230	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Did not work¹⁸⁶	125	50	75	1,140,745	497,150	643,595
Worked	290	135	160	2,234,385	1,178,705	1,055,680
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	145	65	80	1,164,455	670,620	493,835
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	150	65	80	1,069,930	508,085	561,840
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.4	41.6	39.6	40.8	41.5	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	295	140	160	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	0	70,455	34,850	35,605
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	285	125	155	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820
Employee	235	95	135	1,876,950	967,450	909,500
Permanent position	215	90	130	1,560,435	814,805	745,625
Temporary position	15	10	10	316,520	152,640	163,880
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	97,610	44,060	53,555
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15	10	10	218,905	108,585	110,320
Self-employed¹⁹²	45	30	20	347,975	213,655	134,320
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	295	140	160	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	0	70,455	34,850	35,605
All occupations¹⁹¹	285	125	155	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	23,120	16,455	6,665
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	70	30	40	373,795	110,275	263,520
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	0	0	0	182,880	140,540	42,340
3 Health occupations	15	10	0	182,480	34,585	147,895
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	25	0	25	246,625	82,115	164,510
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	51,815	21,140	30,675
6 Sales and service occupations	120	50	65	538,930	232,640	306,285
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	25	25	0	441,955	399,605	42,345
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	99,430	77,250	22,180
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	83,895	66,480	17,415
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	295	140	160	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	0	70,455	34,850	35,605
All industries¹⁹¹	285	125	155	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	63,965	42,305	21,665
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	112,890	88,690	24,200
22 Utilities	0	0	0	22,630	15,900	6,735
23 Construction	20	15	0	210,350	177,845	32,505
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	118,890	88,735	30,155
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	71,580	50,655	20,930
44-45 Retail trade	70	40	25	253,030	117,605	135,425
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10	0	0	128,410	96,000	32,410
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	28,680	16,625	12,055
52 Finance and insurance	20	15	10	68,355	27,225	41,135
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	39,400	21,625	17,775
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20	0	10	177,895	99,055	78,840
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	4,420	2,075	2,345
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	0	15	91,750	51,325	40,430
61 Educational services	15	0	15	149,170	43,775	105,400
62 Health care and social assistance	45	20	30	285,090	51,930	233,155
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	42,685	20,880	21,805
72 Accommodation and food services	15	10	10	132,930	57,280	75,650
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	0	15	104,530	50,355	54,175
91 Public administration	10	0	10	118,270	61,230	57,040
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	310	145	170	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215
English	295	130	165	2,319,940	1,223,960	1,095,975
French	0	0	0	3,840	1,145	2,695
Non-official language	0	0	0	14,015	7,470	6,545
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	245	140	105
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	13,770	7,330	6,440
English and French	15	0	10	20,015	8,200	11,815
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	61,830	31,865	29,965
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	45	15	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,550	765	785
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	885	475	410
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	310	145	170	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215
Single responses	310	145	170	2,407,485	1,266,360	1,141,120
Official languages	310	135	170	2,381,515	1,252,385	1,129,135
English	310	135	170	2,374,615	1,250,455	1,124,165
French	0	0	0	6,900	1,930	4,970
Non-official languages	0	0	0	25,965	13,980	11,990
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	765	425	340
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	695	400	300
Blackfoot	0	0	0	60	35	25
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	630	355	280
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	630	355	280
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	55	30	20
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	55	20	35
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	520	295	220
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	20	25
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	20	25
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	15	0	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	25,200	13,555	11,650
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,025	535	495
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	165	70	95
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	30	15	15
Somali	0	0	0	135	60	80
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	850	450	400
Amharic	0	0	0	100	50	60
Arabic	0	0	0	600	315	280
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	125	60	65
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,305	500	805
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	20	0	15
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,275	480	795
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	1,160	540	620
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	70	40	25
Indonesian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,065	490	570
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	90	35	55
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	40	20	25
Tamil	0	0	0	30	10	25
Telugu	0	0	0	15	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	12,180	7,175	5,010
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	780	300	480
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	780	300	480
Bulgarian	0	0	0	20	0	15
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	225	90	135
Russian	0	0	0	305	100	200
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	90	45	45
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Serbian	0	0	0	55	35	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	115	55	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,025	1,985	1,045
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,555	970	580
German	0	0	0	1,540	965	575
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,445	995	455
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	85	50	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	330	245	80
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,025	695	330
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	15	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5,660	3,440	2,220
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5,435	3,340	2,100
Bengali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	135	65	65
Hindi	0	0	0	280	150	135
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	70	20	50
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	4,630	2,975	1,655
Sindhi	0	0	0	15	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	285	125	160
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	220	100	120
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10
Persian languages	0	0	0	210	95	110
Dari	0	0	0	70	30	40
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	115	55	65
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	20	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	2,660	1,415	1,245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Portuguese	0	0	0	125	75	50
Romanian	0	0	0	75	45	35
Spanish	0	0	0	2,420	1,275	1,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	0
Japanese	0	0	0	205	70	135
Korean	0	0	0	1,250	630	620
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	65	30	35
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	200	100	100
American Sign Language	0	0	0	170	80	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	7,340	3,725	3,615
Chinese languages	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,605
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	3,105	1,570	1,535
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	4,145	2,095	2,050
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	30	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	40	20	15
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	170	65	100
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0
Thai	0	0	0	150	55	90
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	145	115	30
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	145	115	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	50	30	20
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	14,630	7,530	7,100
English and French	0	0	0	2,560	1,105	1,455
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,695	6,245	5,440
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	45	25	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	145	65	75
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	190	90	105
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	310	145	170	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215
None	300	135	165	2,350,940	1,239,355	1,111,590
English	0	0	0	13,200	6,355	6,840
French	15	0	10	14,630	6,410	8,215
Non-official language	0	0	0	36,335	18,310	18,025
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	2,125	865	1,255
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	34,210	17,445	16,765
English and French	0	0	0	35	25	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,080	540	540
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,125	565	560
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	4,760	2,335	2,420
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	255	120	135	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,140
Worked at home	65	30	45	446,315	211,420	234,900
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	5,430	4,105	1,330
No fixed workplace address	40	25	15	319,675	242,835	76,845
Usual place of work	145	65	80	1,259,305	619,240	640,065
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	145	65	80	1,259,305	619,240	640,065
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	145	65	80	902,040	419,240	482,800
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	292,360	157,820	134,535
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	52,590	34,120	18,470
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	12,315	8,060	4,260
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	185	95	90	1,578,980	862,070	716,915
Car, truck or van	170	95	80	1,378,685	765,905	612,775
Car, truck or van - as a driver	150	80	65	1,287,940	730,925	557,015
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	25	10	15	90,740	34,980	55,760
Public transit	0	0	0	88,255	39,915	48,345
Walked	0	0	0	62,810	27,445	35,360
Bicycle	0	0	0	11,370	7,975	3,395
Other method	0	0	0	37,865	20,820	17,040
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	185	95	90	1,578,980	862,070	716,915
Less than 15 minutes	65	20	50	487,710	225,360	262,355
15 to 29 minutes	70	30	35	610,485	333,105	277,385
30 to 44 minutes	40	35	0	302,735	184,370	118,365
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	87,230	55,475	31,755
60 minutes and over	10	10	0	90,815	63,765	27,050
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	185	95	90	1,578,980	862,070	716,915
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	116,400	88,060	28,340
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25	10	10	296,930	194,765	102,165
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	35	30	0	424,170	228,535	195,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	55	10	40	299,145	134,910	164,240
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	30	10	15	195,835	83,185	112,655
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35	20	15	246,495	132,620	113,880
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	115	60	55	971,390	499,245	472,145
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	67,140	34,000	33,140
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	105	55	50	904,245	465,240	439,005
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	85	45	40	704,490	362,400	342,090
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	49,735	25,180	24,555
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	24,675	12,010	12,665
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	25,055	13,170	11,890
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80	45	35	654,755	337,220	317,530

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 27, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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