Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48061575More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48061639More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	746	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	634	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	201	...	...	638,160	...	...	228	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	182	...	...	604,628	...	...	227	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,370.5	...	...	126.1	...	...	2,854.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.31	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	0.22	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	745	340	400	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	635	310	320
0 to 14 years	110	55	55	294,075	151,285	142,785	100	50	50
0 to 4 years	30	20	10	89,790	46,155	43,630	30	15	15
5 to 9 years	35	10	20	100,905	51,680	49,225	40	20	20
10 to 14 years	45	20	30	103,380	53,450	49,930	30	15	20
15 to 64 years	375	195	175	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	420	210	210
15 to 19 years	40	25	15	92,025	47,355	44,675	45	20	20
20 to 24 years	40	25	20	91,515	47,260	44,260	35	20	15
25 to 29 years	40	30	10	101,235	50,320	50,915	20	10	10
30 to 34 years	35	20	15	123,235	60,255	62,980	45	25	20
35 to 39 years	40	20	25	132,045	64,950	67,095	45	25	15
40 to 44 years	45	25	20	121,735	60,110	61,625	35	15	10
45 to 49 years	35	15	15	111,345	55,485	55,860	35	15	25
50 to 54 years	30	10	20	103,325	51,835	51,490	40	20	15
55 to 59 years	25	20	10	101,580	50,260	51,320	45	20	30
60 to 64 years	40	15	25	96,735	47,710	49,020	80	40	35
65 years and over	260	90	170	221,795	103,495	118,300	110	55	55
65 to 69 years	45	15	30	78,095	38,250	39,845	70	35	40
70 to 74 years	50	20	30	58,785	28,310	30,475	20	5	15
75 to 79 years	30	10	25	36,570	17,235	19,340	5	5	5
80 to 84 years	40	15	25	23,750	10,405	13,350	5	0	5
85 years and over	95	30	65	24,595	9,300	15,290	5	5	5
85 to 89 years	55	15	35	15,285	6,230	9,050	5	0	0
90 to 94 years	30	10	15	7,425	2,580	4,850	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	15	5	10	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	16.2	13.8	18.5	19.1	17.8	15.7	16.1	15.6
15 to 64 years	50.3	57.4	43.8	67.6	67.8	67.4	66.1	67.7	65.6
65 years and over	34.9	26.5	42.5	13.9	13.1	14.8	17.3	17.7	17.2
85 years and over	12.8	8.8	16.3	1.5	1.2	1.9	0.8	1.6	1.6
Average age of the population	48.8	43.5	53.2	38.9	38.3	39.6	41.8	41.4	42.3
Median age of the population	48.0	40.8	56.0	38.4	38.0	39.2	44.0	43.2	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	185	...	...	604,630	...	...	225	...	...
Single-detached house	105	...	...	351,925	...	...	225	...	...
Semi-detached house	50	...	...	39,065	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	57,180	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	15	...	...	21,855	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	20	...	...	89,225	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	180	...	...	604,630	...	...	230	...	...
1 person	30	...	...	151,770	...	...	20	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	196,980	...	...	105	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	96,165	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	97,780	...	...	45	...	...
5 or more persons	40	...	...	61,930	...	...	25	...	...
Number of persons in private households	585	295	285	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	635	310	320
Average household size	3.2	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	635	285	350	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	530	265	270
Married or living common-law	280	140	145	773,480	387,015	386,465	355	175	175
Married	245	120	120	657,160	328,650	328,510	325	165	165
Living common-law	40	20	20	116,320	58,365	57,960	25	15	15
Living common law - Never married	20	10	5	87,265	43,935	43,330	20	10	15
Living common law - Separated	5	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	10	23,185	11,490	11,690	5	0	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	355	150	205	523,090	252,020	271,065	180	85	90
Not married and not living common law - Never married	180	105	75	364,145	197,890	166,255	135	70	65
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	5	5	29,375	12,665	16,710	10	5	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	35	10	30	79,920	30,945	48,970	20	5	15
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	130	30	95	49,640	10,520	39,125	10	0	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	150	...	...	438,900	...	...	200	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	204,395	...	...	105	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	94,815	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	97,660	...	...	50	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	42,025	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	3.3	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.2	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	150	...	...	438,900	...	...	195	...	...
Total couple families	125	...	...	377,050	...	...	175	...	...
Married couples	100	...	...	318,890	...	...	165	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	190,345	...	...	80	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	128,545	...	...	85	...	...
Common-law couples	15	...	...	58,160	...	...	15	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	19,165	...	...	0	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	38,995	...	...	10	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	61,850	...	...	20	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	47,785	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	14,065	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	585	295	285	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	635	310	320
Total - Persons in census families	490	245	245	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	565	280	285
Married spouses or common-law partners	240	120	120	754,090	377,085	377,010	350	175	180
Parents in one-parent families	30	0	25	61,855	14,065	47,790	20	5	15
Children⁶	220	120	95	492,710	260,395	232,315	195	100	95
In a two-parent family	165	85	80	396,580	208,580	188,000	160	90	70
In a one-parent family	55	35	20	96,130	51,815	44,315	30	15	20
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	95	55	45	263,280	130,670	132,615	70	35	40
Living alone	25	15	10	151,765	71,605	80,165	25	5	15
Living with other relatives⁷	30	10	20	40,060	17,085	22,975	10	10	5
Living with non-relatives only	40	30	15	71,460	41,975	29,480	30	20	15
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	180	...	...	604,630	...	...	230	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	110	...	...	375,185	...	...	180	...	...
Couple-family households	95	...	...	328,515	...	...	160	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	182,665	...	...	75	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	145,845	...	...	85	...	...
One-parent-family households	15	...	...	46,670	...	...	20	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	20	...	...	20,165	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	4,730	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	22,485	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	30,295	...	...	15	...	...
One-person households	25	...	...	151,765	...	...	25	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	470	240	230	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	535	260	270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	435	225	215	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	500	250	250
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,000	35,200	44,800	52,400	39,200	48,400	55,600	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	435	225	215	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	505	250	255
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,000	33,200	40,400	46,000	36,000	43,200	47,600	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	355	190	170	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	475	235	240
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,200	31,600	40,800	50,000	32,400	42,800	52,400	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	305	170	140	922,195	474,800	447,395	375	190	190
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	35,600	30,400	42,400	50,800	34,800	45,600	56,400	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	410	200	205	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	435	220	220
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	7,900	13,000	7,600	5,600	9,100	6,650	4,720	7,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55	30	25	136,975	64,415	72,555	55	20	35
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,160	5,640	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,120	4,800	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	160	85	75	384,535	184,820	199,710	150	70	80
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,200	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	485	245	240	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	525	265	260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	465	230	235	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	505	250	250
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	50,800	40,400	65,500	78,400	52,850	57,200	65,000	49,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	465	230	235	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	505	250	250
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	43,200	36,400	53,050	61,750	44,560	48,200	54,000	42,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	390	205	190	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	465	225	240
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,200	48,400	35,200	62,300	76,300	48,160	51,400	62,400	40,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	340	185	155	922,200	475,075	447,125	370	190	185
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,600	44,400	36,500	60,800	73,200	47,640	50,200	58,800	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	440	215	225	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	435	215	220
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600	8,600	12,400	10,020	8,930	11,050	11,040	10,700	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65	30	35	136,685	64,550	72,135	65	10	50
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,800	4,400	5,200	7,070	6,620	7,480	5,800	5,000	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	155	85	65	383,100	184,610	198,485	170	90	85
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600	10,800	10,400	9,270	9,160	9,380	10,300	10,600	10,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	490	245	245	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	525	260	260
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	140	85	55	432,255	245,295	186,965	160	85	70
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	66,500	61,200	73,000	80,000	65,000	60,000	60,000	56,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,000	76,000	56,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	74,000	82,000	64,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	160	75	90	374,345	173,060	201,290	180	85	95
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	15,400	25,200	20,400	23,400	18,400	15,700	18,000	11,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	17,500	28,800	33,960	40,480	28,360	32,800	41,000	25,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.0	84.0	70.0	86.6	90.2	81.4	83.0	86.0	80.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.5	70.0	60.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	65.0	68.0	62.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.0	15.8	29.6	13.4	9.8	18.5	16.6	13.8	20.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.2	2.0	1.2	0.9	1.7	1.3	0.4	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.5	8.4	8.8	5.0	3.9	6.5	6.7	6.0	7.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.6	7.8	7.2	4.5	3.6	5.7	6.1	5.6	6.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	475	245	230	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	530	265	270
Without total income	40	20	15	63,430	30,900	32,525	30	10	15
With total income	435	220	210	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	505	255	255
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	25	20	107,500	44,415	63,085	50	25	25
$10,000 to $19,999	50	25	20	115,465	47,780	67,690	55	20	35
$20,000 to $29,999	80	40	45	178,230	78,800	99,430	60	30	25
$30,000 to $39,999	55	20	35	142,910	61,170	81,740	45	15	30
$40,000 to $49,999	40	20	20	122,655	55,960	66,690	45	25	25
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	20	101,530	48,280	53,245	35	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	45	20	30	85,080	42,725	42,355	35	15	20
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	10	68,705	36,885	31,825	30	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	10	53,900	30,515	23,385	30	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	45,345	25,570	19,775	25	15	15
$100,000 and over	30	25	10	193,625	128,165	65,460	95	55	35
$100,000 to $149,999	15	10	5	113,250	69,295	43,955	60	35	25
$150,000 and over	10	10	0	80,375	58,870	21,505	30	25	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	475	245	230	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	530	265	270
Without after-tax income	40	20	15	62,710	30,505	32,210	30	10	15
With after-tax income	435	220	210	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	505	255	255
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	25	25	112,205	46,185	66,020	60	25	30
$10,000 to $19,999	55	30	25	120,545	50,115	70,430	50	20	35
$20,000 to $29,999	85	35	45	201,940	89,680	112,255	70	35	30
$30,000 to $39,999	65	25	40	166,565	73,405	93,160	55	20	35
$40,000 to $49,999	50	30	25	143,135	67,430	75,705	55	25	30
$50,000 to $59,999	50	30	25	114,565	57,190	57,380	45	15	30
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	20	87,375	47,045	40,330	40	25	20
$70,000 to $79,999	10	10	5	65,115	36,810	28,305	30	15	20
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	0	51,690	28,935	22,760	20	10	15
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	35,160	21,215	13,945	20	5	10
$100,000 and over	15	10	5	117,360	82,665	34,700	55	40	15
$100,000 to $124,999	5	0	0	48,950	32,240	16,710	25	15	10
$125,000 and over	10	10	0	68,410	50,430	17,985	30	20	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	475	245	230	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	530	265	270
Without employment income	165	75	95	356,175	156,380	199,795	155	70	80
With employment income	310	170	135	922,200	474,800	447,395	380	190	185
Under $5,000 (including loss)	55	35	20	116,020	54,130	61,895	65	35	35
$5,000 to $9,999	25	10	15	73,350	31,190	42,165	30	10	20
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	20	101,970	44,705	57,260	30	15	15
$20,000 to $29,999	20	10	15	78,390	35,640	42,745	20	5	15
$30,000 to $39,999	40	15	20	73,695	34,455	39,235	25	10	10
$40,000 to $49,999	25	15	10	71,335	34,515	36,815	30	15	15
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	15	67,050	32,805	34,245	20	10	10
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	60,120	30,900	29,220	25	10	15
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	10	49,420	27,665	21,750	20	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	0	40,555	23,400	17,160	20	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	37,010	20,630	16,375	20	10	15
$100,000 and over	20	15	0	153,280	104,755	48,525	75	55	20
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	0	61,175	36,970	24,210	35	25	10
$125,000 and over	10	10	0	92,100	67,780	24,320	45	30	15
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	470	240	230	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	535	260	270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	435	225	215	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	495	240	250
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	33,600	32,800	44,400	53,200	37,600	48,800	58,800	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	435	225	215	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	495	240	250
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	31,200	31,200	40,000	46,400	34,400	43,200	52,000	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	365	195	170	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	470	230	240
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	34,000	32,000	43,600	52,800	35,600	45,600	56,400	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	310	170	140	923,490	475,205	448,285	380	195	185
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	32,800	31,800	44,800	53,600	37,600	49,200	55,200	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	380	180	200	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	415	205	205
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,440	1,300	8,400	1,190	960	3,040	1,040	900	2,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	30	15	15	85,480	38,765	46,720	35	15	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,500	x	x	6,450	5,680	7,200	10,000	x	10,100
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	485	245	240	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	525	265	260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	470	240	230	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	495	250	245
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	46,800	38,000	65,500	80,000	51,400	59,800	69,500	49,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	470	240	230	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	495	250	245
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,600	39,200	34,000	52,650	62,600	43,000	50,200	58,000	42,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	415	225	195	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	465	235	225
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,000	46,800	34,000	65,600	80,800	50,200	58,200	68,500	47,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	355	200	155	923,490	475,385	448,110	365	195	170
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,000	44,400	36,500	64,100	77,600	49,760	58,800	63,200	54,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	405	195	215	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	425	215	210
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,880	3,960	9,500	6,130	5,076	7,130	6,960	6,800	7,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20	0	20	84,820	38,275	46,545	55	15	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,000	...	12,000	8,200	7,120	9,080	12,800	18,000	11,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	490	245	245	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	525	260	260
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	135	85	50	428,265	243,165	185,105	160	90	70
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	75,500	62,400	70,500	78,500	62,000	60,400	58,000	64,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,000	77,000	54,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	74,500	78,000	70,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	140	60	80	353,070	163,500	189,570	170	95	75
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,800	22,200	31,400	28,800	33,200	25,600	25,200	25,200	36,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,400	25,000	35,000	43,720	53,050	35,720	47,200	51,000	42,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.0	94.0	76.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	90.0	92.0	88.0
Employment income (%)	73.5	80.0	66.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	72.0	71.0	74.0
Government transfers (%)	14.1	6.8	23.6	7.9	5.3	11.9	9.9	8.2	12.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	x	2.5	0.9	0.6	1.4	2.2	1.2	3.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	180	...	...	604,630	...	...	230	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	25	...	...	151,765	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	50,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...	44,000	...	...	54,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	155	...	...	452,860	...	...	205	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	220	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	131,600	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	106,600	...	...	110,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	151,830	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	67,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	55,250	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	160	...	...	452,795	...	...	215	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	152,800	...	...	133,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	112,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	180	...	...	604,630	...	...	230	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	6,730	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,245	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,475	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,245	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	16,055	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	16,860	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	14,380	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	16,415	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	17,790	...	...	0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	17,750	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	36,405	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	37,740	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	37,230	...	...	5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	35,705	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	34,355	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	85	...	...	303,255	...	...	150	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	74,975	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	58,215	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	76,310	...	...	40	...	...
$200,000 and over	20	...	...	93,755	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	180	...	...	604,630	...	...	230	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	7,625	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,380	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,615	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,745	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	17,335	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	19,015	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	16,770	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	19,345	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	21,320	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	21,155	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	44,695	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	45,520	...	...	5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	44,095	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	42,705	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	38,715	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	70	...	...	251,600	...	...	125	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	78,970	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	56,565	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 and over	25	...	...	116,060	...	...	60	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	145	...	...	431,155	...	...	195	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.6	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	151,045	...	...	90	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	75	...	...	209,715	...	...	80	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.7	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	56,700	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	75,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	68,500	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.2	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	65	45	25	223,225	113,580	109,645	55	25	35
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	42,400	53,600	44,400	46,000	43,200	46,800	46,400	46,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	38,400	48,400	40,000	40,800	38,800	41,600	40,800	42,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	155	...	...	431,010	...	...	195	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	138,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	151,205	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	95	...	...	209,670	...	...	85	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	154,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	56,445	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	90,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	50	35	20	223,320	113,715	109,605	60	25	35
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	32,000	45,000	60,050	61,950	58,050	32,000	36,000	28,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,000	28,000	40,000	49,640	50,640	48,560	30,000	34,000	26,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	585	300	290	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	635	315	320
0 to 17 years	140	70	70	349,785	179,925	169,860	125	65	65
0 to 5 years	35	25	15	109,785	56,290	53,495	40	25	20
18 to 64 years	345	180	165	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	395	195	195
65 years and over	100	45	55	209,135	99,390	109,740	115	55	55
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	40	25	15	134,160	64,550	69,610	45	20	20
0 to 17 years	10	5	0	35,370	18,260	17,110	15	5	5
0 to 5 years	5	0	0	11,490	5,880	5,610	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	25	15	5	78,110	37,880	40,225	25	15	10
65 years and over	5	0	0	20,680	8,400	12,270	5	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.2	9.5	5.0	8.5	8.3	8.8	7.0	7.2	6.8
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	12.0	x	10.1	10.2	10.1	12.0	12.0	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	10.0	5.0	7.7	7.5	7.9	6.0	7.0	5.0
65 years and over (%)	5.0	x	x	9.9	8.5	11.2	5.0	x	8.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	585	295	285	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	635	315	320
0 to 17 years	135	70	65	349,790	179,930	169,855	130	65	65
0 to 5 years	40	25	10	109,785	56,290	53,500	40	20	15
18 to 64 years	345	180	165	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	395	200	200
65 years and over	105	50	55	209,130	99,390	109,740	110	55	60
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	35	25	15	81,680	42,310	39,370	35	15	20
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	18,085	9,305	8,780	10	5	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	5,625	2,890	2,730	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	25	20	10	57,155	29,990	27,170	20	10	10
65 years and over	5	5	5	6,440	3,015	3,420	0	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	8.5	4.0	5.2	5.4	5.0	5.6	5.0	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	5.2	5.2	5.2	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0	10.0	5.0	5.6	6.0	5.3	5.2	6.0	5.0
65 years and over (%)	5.0	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1	4.0	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	585	295	285	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	635	310	320
In bottom half of the distribution	360	185	180	673,690	328,825	344,865	215	110	105
In bottom decile	60	40	20	124,250	62,485	61,770	45	25	25
In second decile	45	25	20	132,700	62,320	70,380	25	15	15
In third decile	70	35	35	133,855	64,900	68,960	55	30	25
In fourth decile	105	50	60	138,980	68,120	70,855	45	25	20
In fifth decile	75	30	40	143,905	71,000	72,900	50	20	25
In top half of the distribution	225	115	110	898,245	453,385	444,865	420	205	215
In sixth decile	55	35	20	150,845	75,135	75,710	75	30	45
In seventh decile	50	20	30	155,985	78,075	77,910	55	30	25
In eighth decile	50	25	20	164,975	82,995	81,980	95	45	50
In ninth decile	30	15	15	181,315	91,520	89,795	70	35	35
In top decile	45	20	25	245,130	125,660	119,470	120	60	60
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	585	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	635	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.299	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.322	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.434	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.396	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.265	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.287	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	585	295	290	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	635	315	320
English only	550	285	265	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	580	295	295
French only	0	0	0	980	425	555	0	0	0
English and French	15	5	10	103,090	47,140	55,945	35	20	20
Neither English nor French	20	5	15	34,235	13,810	20,420	10	5	10
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	585	295	290	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	635	315	320
English	560	290	275	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	615	310	305
French	0	0	0	20,675	10,250	10,425	10	5	5
English and French	5	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	20	5	15	33,340	13,355	19,985	10	5	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	585	295	290	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	635	315	320
Single responses	535	270	265	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	620	305	310
Official languages	285	145	135	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	490	250	245
English	280	145	135	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	485	245	235
French	0	0	0	20,090	9,970	10,115	10	5	5
Non-official languages	250	125	125	415,050	198,790	216,260	125	60	65
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	645	270	380	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	250	125	125	414,405	198,525	215,885	125	60	65
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	30	35	35,495	18,255	17,240	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	25	30	32,085	16,545	15,535	0	0	0
Amharic	5	5	5	4,515	2,170	2,345	0	0	0
Arabic	40	15	20	21,355	11,215	10,145	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	10	5	4,965	2,545	2,420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	14,785	6,645	8,140	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	13,810	6,185	7,625	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	20	20	55,755	24,650	31,110	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	970	415	555	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	20	15	45,300	20,005	25,290	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	120	60	55	203,750	100,055	103,695	50	25	25
Albanian	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	5	30,225	13,960	16,270	5	5	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	5	29,740	13,735	16,005	5	5	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	5	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	7,595	3,540	4,050	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	5	10,165	4,510	5,660	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	895	435	460	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	17,580	8,490	9,090	5	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	5	0	0
German	0	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	5	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	5	5	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	100	50	50	106,625	53,665	52,955	25	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	95	50	45	93,240	46,930	46,305	20	10	10
Assamese	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	5	10	6,565	3,380	3,180	0	5	5
Hindi	10	5	0	8,495	4,290	4,205	0	0	0
Kacchi	5	0	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	5	2,265	1,175	1,095	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	15	20	49,105	24,690	24,420	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	5	17,875	8,975	8,905	15	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	13,350	6,720	6,630	5	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	5	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10,100	5,080	5,020	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	5	5	45,970	22,265	23,700	5	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	32,170	15,475	16,695	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	10	68,720	31,925	36,790	60	30	30
Chinese languages	15	5	10	67,430	31,300	36,130	60	30	30
Hakka	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	31,950	14,765	17,190	45	25	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	32,755	15,315	17,435	15	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	460	220	245	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	25	25	73,050	35,515	37,535	15	5	10
English and French	5	0	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	58,650	28,715	29,930	15	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,680	2,595	3,085	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	585	295	290	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	635	315	320
English	250	125	120	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	490	245	245
French	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390	10	5	5
Non-official language	80	40	40	127,600	60,835	66,760	35	15	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	80	40	40	127,540	60,810	66,730	35	15	20
English and French	5	0	5	14,755	6,925	7,835	0	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	240	130	115	306,635	148,985	157,650	95	45	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	12,395	5,820	6,575	5	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	585	295	290	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	635	315	320
Single responses	520	260	255	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	615	305	310
Official languages	345	175	170	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	545	265	280
English	345	175	170	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	540	265	270
French	0	0	0	7,230	3,560	3,665	10	5	5
Non-official languages	175	90	85	259,415	125,675	133,740	65	35	35
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	90	85	259,295	125,620	133,675	65	35	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	22,515	11,260	11,260	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	20,280	10,165	10,115	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	0	0	0
Arabic	20	5	10	12,825	6,490	6,335	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	9,940	4,535	5,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	9,395	4,280	5,110	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	15	20	35,275	16,595	18,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	15	29,630	13,885	15,750	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	75	45	30	122,940	60,715	62,220	20	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	14,005	6,710	7,295	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	13,790	6,605	7,190	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	715	335	375	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	980	470	515	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	80	45	35	79,180	39,590	39,590	15	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages	75	40	35	70,335	35,225	35,110	15	10	5
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	5	5	4,225	2,175	2,045	0	0	0
Hindi	5	5	5	5,510	2,770	2,740	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	5	5	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	5	1,590	815	775	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	10	40,675	20,425	20,245	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	5	12,930	6,420	6,510	15	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	8,825	4,360	4,475	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	6,765	3,325	3,435	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	25,440	12,340	13,100	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	19,825	9,605	10,215	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	10	47,945	22,570	25,375	45	25	20
Chinese languages	10	5	10	47,025	22,110	24,915	45	25	20
Hakka	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	23,970	11,440	12,530	30	20	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	21,815	10,130	11,685	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	70	35	35	75,555	36,865	38,685	20	5	10
English and French	5	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	65	30	30	69,995	34,230	35,770	15	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,630	760	875	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	585	295	285	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	635	310	320
None	385	195	195	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	550	270	280
English	80	40	35	104,745	51,660	53,085	25	20	10
French	5	0	5	11,450	5,290	6,160	0	0	5
Non-official language	90	50	45	127,610	60,685	66,920	45	20	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	90	50	45	126,970	60,410	66,565	45	20	25
English and French	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	16,885	8,395	8,490	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	14,095	6,810	7,285	5	5	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	635	315	315	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	640	325	320
Official languages	610	310	300	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	625	320	310
English	610	310	300	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	620	315	300
French	0	0	0	103,915	47,090	56,830	60	35	25
Non-official languages	440	220	215	562,910	270,945	291,960	175	65	115
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	440	220	215	561,340	270,320	291,010	175	65	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	25	25	54,595	28,250	26,345	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	25	25	50,645	26,150	24,495	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	0	0	0
Arabic	55	25	25	35,250	18,505	16,750	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20	20,885	9,635	11,250	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,415	8,900	10,515	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	80	45	30	76,815	33,930	42,890	15	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10	6,615	2,860	3,755	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	45	30	72,900	32,140	40,755	15	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	245	120	125	286,570	140,880	145,685	70	30	45
Albanian	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	37,905	17,730	20,175	15	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	37,610	17,610	20,005	15	0	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	15	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	10	0	10
German	0	0	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	10	0	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	220	110	110	143,590	72,720	70,870	20	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	200	100	100	128,685	65,260	63,425	20	10	0
Assamese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	15	10	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0
Hindi	40	25	25	45,340	22,980	22,370	0	0	0
Kacchi	10	0	10	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0
Nepali	55	35	15	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90	35	55	68,525	34,920	33,610	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	15	10	0	31,710	16,195	15,515	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	40	20	20	17,245	8,665	8,570	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	40	20	20	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	15	80,155	38,210	41,945	25	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	10	60,770	28,640	32,125	15	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	20	82,875	39,220	43,660	70	30	40
Chinese languages	40	20	20	81,080	38,330	42,750	70	30	40
Hakka	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	10	46,460	21,635	24,825	40	20	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	0	15	42,910	20,105	22,800	40	15	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	635	320	320	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	640	320	320
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	53,700	25,250	28,450	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	51,520	24,220	27,300	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	22,470	10,235	12,230	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	635	320	320	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	625	315	310
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	635	320	320	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	640	320	320
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	17,145	7,900	9,240	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	635	320	320	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	640	320	320
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	225	...	...
Owner	140	...	...	431,680	...	...	195	...	...
Renter	55	...	...	172,945	...	...	25	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	225	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	138,505	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	195	...	...	466,125	...	...	225	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	225	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	63,480	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	30	...	...	132,670	...	...	0	...	...
3 bedrooms	55	...	...	208,570	...	...	70	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	105	...	...	196,735	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	225	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	45	...	...	168,320	...	...	15	...	...
5 rooms	25	...	...	92,700	...	...	35	...	...
6 rooms	35	...	...	85,005	...	...	30	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	74,790	...	...	25	...	...
8 or more rooms	75	...	...	183,815	...	...	120	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	225	...	...
One person or fewer per room	190	...	...	587,240	...	...	220	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	17,390	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	225	...	...
Suitable	180	...	...	576,220	...	...	215	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	28,410	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	225	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	48,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	90	...	...	146,775	...	...	15	...	...
1981 to 1990	80	...	...	67,920	...	...	200	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	93,515	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	63,060	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	64,550	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	225	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	180	...	...	578,295	...	...	215	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	26,340	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	225	...	...
One-maintainer household	75	...	...	286,505	...	...	65	...	...
Two-maintainer household	95	...	...	282,890	...	...	140	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20	...	...	35,230	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	225	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	15,275	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	30	...	...	95,360	...	...	20	...	...
35 to 44 years	55	...	...	132,875	...	...	40	...	...
45 to 54 years	25	...	...	121,200	...	...	45	...	...
55 to 64 years	35	...	...	114,325	...	...	60	...	...
65 to 74 years	35	...	...	78,705	...	...	40	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	34,680	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	195	...	...	599,605	...	...	225	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	150	...	...	466,085	...	...	195	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	40	...	...	133,520	...	...	30	...	...
30% to less than 100%	40	...	...	119,800	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	225	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	174,520	...	...	40	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	40	...	...	121,340	...	...	25	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	22,225	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	17,480	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	125	...	...	430,110	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	195	...	...	585,885	...	...	220	...	...
In core need	25	...	...	55,440	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	170	...	...	530,445	...	...	210	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	140	...	...	429,490	...	...	195	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.0	...	...	65.7	...	...	56.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	10.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	1,740	...	...	1,270	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,260	...	...	1,792	...	...	1,430	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	410,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	508,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	55	...	...	172,840	...	...	25	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	34.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	20.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	...	...	1,350	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,900	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	635	315	320	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	645	325	315
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	47,230	22,330	24,905	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	45,875	21,725	24,145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	635	315	320	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	630	310	315
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	635	315	320	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	645	325	320
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	545	260	285	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	590	310	280
Canadian citizens aged under 18	135	60	80	325,765	167,940	157,820	135	75	65
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	405	195	205	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	455	245	210
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	95	60	30	174,615	83,940	90,680	50	10	40
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	635	315	320	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	645	325	320
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	300	150	155	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	480	270	215
Immigrants⁸¹	300	135	160	473,580	227,640	245,935	155	55	95
Before 1980	30	15	15	56,750	27,435	29,320	20	0	20
1980 to 1990	40	10	25	44,975	21,950	23,020	35	25	15
1991 to 2000	50	15	35	67,220	32,280	34,935	35	10	20
2001 to 2010	80	40	40	127,170	61,140	66,030	0	0	0
2011 to 2021⁸²	105	50	50	177,465	84,835	92,630	60	15	40
2011 to 2015	60	25	30	89,810	43,015	46,795	30	15	15
2016 to 2021	40	25	15	87,650	41,815	45,835	30	0	25
Non-permanent residents⁸³	35	30	0	28,410	14,945	13,470	10	0	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	295	135	160	473,580	227,640	245,935	155	55	95
Under 5 years	30	0	25	41,205	20,985	20,220	20	10	15
5 to 14 years	55	35	20	79,795	41,370	38,425	25	0	25
15 to 24 years	75	35	35	82,830	37,905	44,930	10	0	10
25 to 44 years	120	55	60	223,080	105,885	117,190	85	40	45
45 years and over	25	0	20	46,670	21,495	25,170	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	295	135	160	473,580	227,640	245,935	155	55	95
Americas	20	0	15	50,280	23,315	26,970	15	0	15
Brazil	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	10	0	10
Europe	15	10	0	83,855	41,815	42,040	45	10	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	10	0	10
Greece	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	27,675	14,575	13,095	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	25	10	15
Africa	25	10	10	55,355	27,975	27,385	25	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	18,410	9,205	9,210	25	10	10
Asia	245	110	130	279,930	132,545	147,390	70	30	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	36,925	16,915	20,015	20	15	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0
Philippines	80	45	35	71,315	31,605	39,715	20	0	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0	16,350	7,325	9,030	10	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0
India	50	20	30	61,580	30,730	30,850	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	19,425	9,810	9,615	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	25	30	22,735	10,640	12,090	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	40	20	15	87,650	41,815	45,830	30	0	25
Americas	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	35	20	10	55,100	25,850	29,250	15	0	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	14,870	7,455	7,420	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	25	15	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	635	315	315	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	640	320	320
First generation¹⁰⁰	330	165	165	518,345	251,010	267,335	190	75	115
Second generation¹⁰¹	180	85	95	329,675	166,505	163,165	115	60	55
Third generation or more¹⁰²	125	65	60	723,920	364,750	359,170	340	190	150
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	265	125	145	416,830	200,210	216,615	130	50	80
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	130	60	70	235,880	118,150	117,730	80	35	35
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	45	25	20	95,815	58,035	37,780	40	25	15
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	85	35	45	140,065	60,120	79,950	35	15	25
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	85	35	50	117,720	48,395	69,330	35	10	30
Refugees¹⁰⁸	60	30	30	58,995	31,595	27,395	15	0	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	265	125	145	416,830	200,210	216,615	130	50	80
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	0	20	14,765	8,620	6,145	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	15	10	10	53,180	23,440	29,750	10	0	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	220	100	115	313,060	149,760	163,300	105	45	65
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	635	320	315	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	640	320	320
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	465	240	225	575,650	282,735	292,910	170	70	100
South Asian	210	115	100	154,385	78,430	75,955	0	0	0
Chinese	20	0	20	93,975	45,570	48,410	65	25	40
Black	0	0	0	76,470	38,665	37,800	0	0	0
Filipino	100	55	40	92,235	42,365	49,880	30	10	20
Arab	50	25	30	32,660	17,235	15,425	0	0	0
Latin American	0	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235	15	0	10
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	28,720	13,405	15,310	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	20	10	10	20,840	10,195	10,645	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	170	80	90	996,285	499,530	496,755	470	255	220
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	635	315	320	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	645	325	320
Canadian	30	10	15	168,075	87,325	80,750	85	50	35
English	25	10	10	276,300	136,835	139,465	125	70	55
Irish	15	10	0	202,260	98,040	104,225	45	20	30
Scottish	35	15	20	235,385	115,820	119,575	110	60	45
French, n.o.s.¹²²	0	0	0	104,160	50,935	53,225	15	10	0
German	30	15	20	197,770	97,860	99,910	95	60	35
Chinese	35	10	20	99,705	48,045	51,650	45	20	30
Italian	10	0	10	44,840	22,330	22,510	15	15	0
Indian (India)	75	30	50	77,900	39,545	38,355	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	89,615	43,675	45,940	65	40	25
Dutch	0	0	0	53,665	26,510	27,155	35	20	15
Polish	0	0	0	53,675	25,885	27,790	30	15	15
Québécois	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	53,825	27,135	26,690	15	10	0
Filipino	90	55	35	86,850	40,140	46,710	35	15	20
French Canadian	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	10	10	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	28,815	14,565	14,250	15	10	10
Russian	0	0	0	36,090	16,840	19,255	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	44,865	21,320	23,545	45	35	10
Welsh	0	0	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	30	20	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	10	0	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	20,085	10,145	9,940	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	22,750	10,685	12,065	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	10	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	13,225	6,465	6,765	10	0	10
Belgian	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	10	0	10
Syrian	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	30	15	15
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	55	35	15	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	635	320	320	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	640	320	320
Buddhist	25	0	20	22,425	9,955	12,470	0	0	0
Christian	160	75	85	713,465	336,705	376,760	315	160	155
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	45	20	30	153,665	73,675	79,985	85	55	35
Anabaptist	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	35,625	16,415	19,210	15	10	10
Baptist	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	10	0	10
Catholic	80	40	35	312,410	149,290	163,120	120	50	65
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	10	10	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	51,720	22,415	29,305	25	10	15
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10	0	10	43,375	20,405	22,970	15	10	10
Hindu	65	45	25	35,335	18,180	17,155	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0
Muslim	135	75	65	101,285	51,675	49,610	20	10	10
Sikh	90	40	55	56,230	28,325	27,905	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	160	85	75	623,560	328,795	294,765	305	150	155
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	635	315	320	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	635	320	315
Non-movers	555	260	290	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	575	300	275
Movers	85	60	30	209,550	104,275	105,275	60	25	35
Non-migrants	45	35	10	147,415	73,505	73,910	50	25	30
Migrants	35	20	20	62,135	30,765	31,365	0	0	0
Internal migrants	35	20	20	47,380	23,440	23,940	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	30	20	10	19,305	9,580	9,725	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	595	290	305	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	605	305	305
Non-movers	425	195	235	863,155	429,060	434,095	365	185	180
Movers	170	100	75	619,175	307,300	311,880	240	120	120
Non-migrants	95	55	40	363,260	181,560	181,700	130	65	65
Migrants	80	45	35	255,920	125,740	130,180	110	50	60
Internal migrants	30	10	20	177,420	87,415	90,005	65	40	25
Intraprovincial migrants	30	10	15	112,590	55,855	56,735	35	15	20
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	64,830	31,560	33,270	30	20	10
External migrants	50	35	15	78,500	38,320	40,180	45	10	35
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	490	245	245	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	525	260	260
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	95	50	45	182,850	95,955	86,895	65	30	35
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	395	195	200	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	460	230	225
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	330	175	155	886,650	437,700	448,950	350	165	180
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	50	30	20	79,025	43,715	35,310	25	10	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	280	145	135	807,620	393,985	413,640	325	160	165
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	485	245	240	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	525	265	260
No certificate, diploma or degree	95	50	45	163,710	84,360	79,350	60	30	30
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	160	85	75	339,400	169,445	169,950	120	65	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	235	110	125	775,265	377,350	397,915	345	170	180
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	110	40	70	348,595	174,345	174,250	155	60	95
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30	30	0	84,805	63,760	21,050	20	10	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	29,285	16,610	12,680	10	0	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	30	30	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	65	10	60	221,065	92,585	128,480	110	40	70
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	42,725	18,000	24,720	25	10	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	130	70	60	426,670	203,005	223,660	190	110	85
Bachelor's degree	110	60	50	294,610	137,240	157,375	140	75	65
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	22,475	10,080	12,390	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	10	0	0
Master's degree	20	10	10	86,005	42,875	43,130	35	20	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	330	175	155	886,650	437,700	448,950	350	170	180
No certificate, diploma or degree	50	30	15	66,625	36,450	30,175	15	10	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	105	60	45	197,715	102,665	95,045	70	40	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	175	85	90	622,315	298,585	323,730	260	115	140
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	80	35	45	266,590	133,640	132,950	115	45	75
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25	25	0	63,270	48,090	15,175	15	10	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	20,715	12,025	8,685	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	25	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	45	10	40	170,270	71,565	98,700	85	30	50
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	33,050	13,985	19,070	25	10	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	95	50	50	355,720	164,940	190,775	150	75	70
Bachelor's degree	80	45	40	244,340	111,530	132,810	100	55	50
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	10	0	0
Master's degree	15	0	10	74,335	35,965	38,370	35	15	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	485	245	240	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	520	260	265
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	250	135	120	503,110	253,805	249,305	175	95	85
Education	0	0	0	46,605	10,200	36,405	30	0	30
13. Education	0	0	0	46,605	10,200	36,405	30	0	30
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	23,385	9,460	13,925	35	20	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	20,825	7,530	13,295	30	20	15
Humanities	10	0	0	34,000	12,365	21,635	10	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	7,415	1,915	5,495	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	11,560	4,095	7,460	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	15	25	83,860	28,790	55,065	45	20	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	9,690	735	8,955	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	20	15	10	15,515	5,275	10,245	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	15	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	30,700	14,865	15,830	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	70	25	50	177,710	75,825	101,885	75	45	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	8,595	1,605	6,995	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	25	35	168,935	74,160	94,770	70	45	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	39,940	20,670	19,265	25	15	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	15	15	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	0	15	36,465	23,975	12,485	20	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	15	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	55	50	0	173,505	149,155	24,355	55	50	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	0	0	0
14. Engineering	30	25	0	66,620	53,075	13,545	35	35	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	28,060	27,225	835	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	22,210	21,530	675	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	11,885	11,515	375	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	15,905	7,900	8,005	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	0	30	111,080	22,865	88,215	40	10	35
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	0	25	98,680	16,900	81,780	35	10	30
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	32,595	16,030	16,565	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	325	175	150	886,650	437,700	448,950	350	165	180
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	155	85	65	264,340	139,115	125,220	85	45	40
Education	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	20	0	20
13. Education	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	20	0	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	20	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	20	10	10
Humanities	10	0	0	26,945	9,460	17,490	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,035	1,555	4,480	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	9,440	3,220	6,225	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20	10	10	69,810	23,220	46,590	45	15	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	10	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	25,655	12,155	13,505	10	0	0
Business, management and public administration	50	15	35	145,930	61,450	84,480	45	25	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	6,965	1,215	5,750	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	15	25	138,835	60,195	78,640	40	25	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	20	10	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	10	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	0	15	31,330	20,720	10,615	20	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	15	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	45	45	0	138,260	116,630	21,630	40	40	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	20	0	55,310	43,055	12,260	25	25	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,755	21,035	720	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20	20	0	16,875	16,295	580	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,785	8,485	305	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0
Health and related fields	20	0	20	88,715	18,735	69,980	40	10	35
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	20	0	20	78,745	14,010	64,730	35	10	35
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	325	175	150	886,650	437,700	448,950	350	165	180
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	155	85	65	264,340	139,115	125,220	85	45	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	175	85	85	622,310	298,585	323,730	260	120	145
Location of study inside Canada	100	50	50	455,590	220,680	234,910	215	105	110
Same as province or territory of residence	100	50	50	328,175	157,540	170,630	145	70	70
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	127,410	63,135	64,275	70	35	40
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	75	40	40	166,725	77,905	88,820	45	15	30
Americas	0	0	0	28,670	14,305	14,360	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	20	10	10
Belgium	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0
Asia	70	30	40	91,990	39,695	52,295	15	0	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	0	0	0
Philippines	25	10	15	30,585	12,115	18,470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	25,005	11,780	13,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	10	10	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	485	245	240	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	525	265	260
In the labour force	330	180	155	882,705	463,170	419,540	350	190	165
Employed	285	155	130	776,015	408,675	367,335	295	165	125
Unemployed	50	25	20	106,695	54,490	52,205	60	25	35
Not in the labour force	155	65	90	395,665	167,985	227,680	175	75	100
Participation rate	68.0	73.5	64.6	69.0	73.4	64.8	66.7	71.7	63.5
Employment rate	58.8	63.3	54.2	60.7	64.8	56.8	56.2	62.3	48.1
Unemployment rate	15.2	13.9	12.9	12.1	11.8	12.4	17.1	13.2	21.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	485	245	240	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	520	260	265
Did not work¹⁸⁶	175	85	90	422,665	183,645	239,020	160	65	95
Worked	310	165	145	855,710	447,510	408,200	360	195	165
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	150	90	60	450,195	257,535	192,655	170	95	75
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	160	75	85	405,520	189,970	215,550	195	100	90
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.4	40.0	36.8	40.7	41.5	39.8	40.0	40.4	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	335	180	150	882,710	463,165	419,540	350	190	165
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	10	29,010	14,020	14,995	10	0	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	315	175	145	853,695	449,150	404,550	340	185	155
Employee	275	140	130	715,140	365,090	350,050	260	130	125
Permanent position	210	110	100	600,125	311,480	288,645	235	115	120
Temporary position	65	35	30	115,020	53,615	61,405	20	10	10
Fixed term (1 year or more)	35	15	20	37,760	16,790	20,970	0	0	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	30	25	10	77,260	36,820	40,435	20	10	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	45	30	10	138,550	84,060	54,500	80	55	25
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	335	180	150	882,710	463,165	419,540	350	190	165
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	10	29,010	14,020	14,995	10	0	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	315	175	145	853,695	449,150	404,550	340	185	155
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	10	10	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	45	20	25	161,170	53,245	107,930	45	15	30
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20	10	0	94,565	72,340	22,225	55	40	15
3 Health occupations	35	0	30	69,305	13,810	55,490	15	0	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10	0	10	92,850	30,655	62,195	65	20	50
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	35	20	10
6 Sales and service occupations	95	45	45	209,115	94,840	114,280	70	40	30
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	90	75	20	147,375	132,085	15,290	40	30	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	20	10	10	25,565	19,070	6,490	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	335	180	150	882,710	463,165	419,540	350	190	165
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	10	29,010	14,020	14,995	10	0	10
All industries¹⁹¹	315	175	145	853,695	449,150	404,550	340	185	155
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	39,750	26,465	13,290	20	15	0
22 Utilities	10	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	0	0	0
23 Construction	25	10	15	75,665	63,720	11,945	30	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	20	15	10	41,545	30,255	11,295	15	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	15	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	40	10	30	96,885	46,555	50,330	45	35	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	45	30	15	56,135	40,670	15,470	10	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	30,760	13,930	16,825	10	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	10	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10	10	0	96,185	55,190	40,995	40	25	20
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	20	15	0	37,790	21,285	16,510	10	15	0
61 Educational services	20	0	10	55,510	16,805	38,700	30	0	25
62 Health care and social assistance	45	15	30	107,190	20,475	86,720	65	15	50
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	10	10	0
72 Accommodation and food services	35	25	10	49,900	22,440	27,460	10	0	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	37,065	16,090	20,975	10	10	0
91 Public administration	10	0	0	31,305	16,235	15,075	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	330	180	145	926,320	483,455	442,860	375	210	165
English	295	160	135	878,705	460,305	418,400	360	205	155
French	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	30,355	15,535	14,825	15	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	330	180	145	926,320	483,455	442,860	375	210	165
Single responses	320	170	145	919,325	479,835	439,490	375	210	165
Official languages	320	170	145	906,220	473,040	433,180	370	205	160
English	315	170	140	903,745	472,395	431,350	370	205	160
French	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	13,105	6,795	6,310	10	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	13,090	6,795	6,300	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	10	0	7,000	3,625	3,375	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	5,765	3,065	2,695	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	330	180	145	926,320	483,455	442,860	375	210	165
None	300	165	135	893,045	467,350	425,695	365	205	160
English	10	0	10	6,235	2,990	3,245	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	0	0	0
Non-official language	20	10	0	17,585	8,825	8,760	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	0	17,465	8,780	8,690	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	285	155	130	776,010	408,680	367,335	290	170	125
Worked at home	35	20	15	215,520	105,290	110,230	120	60	60
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	65	40	25	113,260	83,885	29,375	25	20	0
Usual place of work	185	95	90	444,410	217,405	227,005	150	90	60
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	190	95	95	444,410	217,405	227,005	150	90	60
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	170	80	90	361,065	170,000	191,065	140	90	55
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	15	0	69,230	37,715	31,505	10	0	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	250	135	115	557,670	301,290	256,380	175	105	60
Car, truck or van	220	125	95	473,465	261,055	212,410	165	105	60
Car, truck or van - as a driver	195	115	85	441,645	249,990	191,655	155	95	60
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	25	15	15	31,820	11,060	20,755	15	10	0
Public transit	30	10	20	40,930	17,775	23,165	10	0	0
Walked	0	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	250	135	115	557,670	301,290	256,380	175	105	60
Less than 15 minutes	75	35	40	128,460	58,155	70,310	15	0	0
15 to 29 minutes	95	65	30	242,460	130,855	111,610	105	70	35
30 to 44 minutes	50	30	20	125,765	75,100	50,660	40	25	15
45 to 59 minutes	25	10	15	31,050	18,505	12,545	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	10	0	10	29,930	18,665	11,265	10	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	250	135	115	557,670	301,290	256,380	175	105	60
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	25	25	0	37,665	27,280	10,390	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	40	20	15	100,900	63,500	37,400	20	15	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	65	35	35	143,455	75,755	67,700	55	30	25
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	25	10	15	105,095	50,620	54,475	20	15	10
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25	15	15	79,595	35,415	44,180	30	15	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	65	35	30	90,950	48,715	42,230	40	25	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	145	75	70	356,225	183,250	172,980	140	70	70
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	5	10	25,335	12,890	12,445	10	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	125	70	55	330,890	170,360	160,535	125	65	60
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	115	55	55	259,535	133,590	125,945	100	50	50
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	0	15	18,890	9,625	9,270	5	5	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	15	0	15	9,575	4,670	4,910	5	5	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	9,315	4,955	4,360	5	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	95	55	45	240,640	123,965	116,675	95	45	50

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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