Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48061561More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48060851More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,194	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	713	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	419	...	...	638,160	...	...	419	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	410	...	...	604,628	...	...	379	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,408.7	...	...	126.1	...	...	2,609.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.50	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	0.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,195	615	580	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	715	345	370
0 to 14 years	190	100	90	294,075	151,285	142,785	90	55	40
0 to 4 years	45	25	20	89,790	46,155	43,630	40	20	20
5 to 9 years	70	45	25	100,905	51,680	49,225	25	15	15
10 to 14 years	70	25	45	103,380	53,450	49,930	25	15	5
15 to 64 years	810	415	395	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	465	225	240
15 to 19 years	75	40	30	92,025	47,355	44,675	20	10	5
20 to 24 years	70	45	25	91,515	47,260	44,260	30	20	15
25 to 29 years	65	35	30	101,235	50,320	50,915	75	30	45
30 to 34 years	80	40	40	123,235	60,255	62,980	65	30	35
35 to 39 years	80	45	35	132,045	64,950	67,095	70	35	35
40 to 44 years	70	30	40	121,735	60,110	61,625	50	25	25
45 to 49 years	65	30	35	111,345	55,485	55,860	35	15	25
50 to 54 years	85	40	40	103,325	51,835	51,490	45	25	20
55 to 59 years	115	50	60	101,580	50,260	51,320	45	20	25
60 to 64 years	115	55	60	96,735	47,710	49,020	30	20	15
65 years and over	195	100	90	221,795	103,495	118,300	155	65	95
65 to 69 years	90	40	45	78,095	38,250	39,845	55	30	20
70 to 74 years	60	30	25	58,785	28,310	30,475	35	10	25
75 to 79 years	25	15	10	36,570	17,235	19,340	30	10	20
80 to 84 years	10	5	5	23,750	10,405	13,350	20	5	10
85 years and over	10	5	5	24,595	9,300	15,290	20	5	10
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	15,285	6,230	9,050	10	5	5
90 to 94 years	5	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	5	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.9	16.3	15.5	18.5	19.1	17.8	12.6	15.9	10.8
15 to 64 years	67.8	67.5	68.1	67.6	67.8	67.4	65.0	65.2	64.9
65 years and over	16.3	16.3	15.5	13.9	13.1	14.8	21.7	18.8	25.7
85 years and over	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.5	1.2	1.9	2.8	1.4	2.7
Average age of the population	41.6	40.7	42.6	38.9	38.3	39.6	43.5	41.5	45.3
Median age of the population	42.8	40.0	45.2	38.4	38.0	39.2	41.2	40.0	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
Single-detached house	405	...	...	351,925	...	...	80	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	39,065	...	...	40	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	57,180	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	21,855	...	...	50	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	89,225	...	...	170	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	15	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
1 person	40	...	...	151,770	...	...	180	...	...
2 persons	150	...	...	196,980	...	...	120	...	...
3 persons	95	...	...	96,165	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	90	...	...	97,780	...	...	20	...	...
5 or more persons	40	...	...	61,930	...	...	10	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,195	615	580	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	715	345	375
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,005	515	490	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	620	290	330
Married or living common-law	665	335	335	773,480	387,015	386,465	315	155	165
Married	595	300	300	657,160	328,650	328,510	240	115	120
Living common-law	70	35	30	116,320	58,365	57,960	75	35	40
Living common law - Never married	50	25	20	87,265	43,935	43,330	60	30	35
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	20	5	15	23,185	11,490	11,690	10	10	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	340	180	160	523,090	252,020	271,065	310	135	170
Not married and not living common law - Never married	255	150	105	364,145	197,890	166,255	170	85	85
Not married and not living common law - Separated	20	5	10	29,375	12,665	16,710	10	10	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	40	15	20	79,920	30,945	48,970	80	35	40
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	5	20	49,640	10,520	39,125	45	10	35
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	370	...	...	438,900	...	...	170	...	...
2 persons	160	...	...	204,395	...	...	105	...	...
3 persons	95	...	...	94,815	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	85	...	...	97,660	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	42,025	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	370	...	...	438,900	...	...	175	...	...
Total couple families	330	...	...	377,050	...	...	155	...	...
Married couples	295	...	...	318,890	...	...	115	...	...
With children⁶	180	...	...	190,345	...	...	65	...	...
Without children	110	...	...	128,545	...	...	55	...	...
Common-law couples	35	...	...	58,160	...	...	40	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	19,165	...	...	0	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	38,995	...	...	30	...	...
Total one-parent families	45	...	...	61,850	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	47,785	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	15	...	...	14,065	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,195	615	580	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	715	340	375
Total - Persons in census families	1,105	570	535	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	455	225	225
Married spouses or common-law partners	655	330	325	754,090	377,085	377,010	310	155	160
Parents in one-parent families	40	10	30	61,855	14,065	47,790	20	5	10
Children⁶	410	225	180	492,710	260,395	232,315	125	75	55
In a two-parent family	345	195	150	396,580	208,580	188,000	105	60	50
In a one-parent family	65	30	30	96,130	51,815	44,315	25	15	5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	90	45	45	263,280	130,670	132,615	260	110	145
Living alone	40	15	25	151,765	71,605	80,165	180	80	100
Living with other relatives⁷	20	15	5	40,060	17,085	22,975	20	10	10
Living with non-relatives only	30	15	15	71,460	41,975	29,480	60	25	40
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	340	...	...	375,185	...	...	150	...	...
Couple-family households	305	...	...	328,515	...	...	135	...	...
With children⁶	185	...	...	182,665	...	...	55	...	...
Without children	120	...	...	145,845	...	...	75	...	...
One-parent-family households	35	...	...	46,670	...	...	15	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	20,165	...	...	10	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5	...	...	4,730	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	22,485	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	30,295	...	...	30	...	...
One-person households	40	...	...	151,765	...	...	180	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,000	515	490	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	620	290	330
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	955	490	465	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	605	280	320
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	56,400	38,000	44,800	52,400	39,200	42,800	48,000	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	955	490	465	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	605	280	320
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	49,600	34,400	40,400	46,000	36,000	39,200	42,800	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	885	460	425	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	560	265	295
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	50,000	30,800	40,800	50,000	32,400	35,600	42,000	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	700	370	330	922,195	474,800	447,395	435	215	220
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	52,400	32,000	42,400	50,800	34,800	47,600	50,000	47,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	830	440	390	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	525	240	280
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,900	5,840	9,500	7,600	5,600	9,100	8,000	5,880	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85	50	40	136,975	64,415	72,555	65	25	35
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,960	5,840	6,000	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,240	6,500	4,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	270	145	130	384,535	184,820	199,710	150	80	80
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	8,500	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	10,000	10,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,025	540	485	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	635	280	350
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	975	520	450	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	610	275	340
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,600	86,000	48,200	65,500	78,400	52,850	78,800	84,000	74,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	975	520	450	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	610	275	340
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,200	68,000	40,400	53,050	61,750	44,560	61,400	64,500	58,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	905	500	410	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	590	260	335
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,600	82,000	43,800	62,300	76,300	48,160	71,200	79,000	65,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	705	395	310	922,200	475,075	447,125	445	205	240
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,000	80,800	45,200	60,800	73,200	47,640	76,400	76,000	76,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	845	475	370	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	530	235	290
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	9,080	10,040	10,020	8,930	11,050	10,920	10,400	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	115	80	35	136,685	64,550	72,135	60	15	40
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,800	6,000	7,070	6,620	7,480	7,600	12,000	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	290	160	135	383,100	184,610	198,485	195	85	115
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600	7,900	9,400	9,270	9,160	9,380	10,200	10,400	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,025	540	485	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	635	285	350
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	305	180	130	432,255	245,295	186,965	225	110	115
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	85,000	126,000	68,000	73,000	80,000	65,000	80,000	74,500	84,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	106,000	133,000	70,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	120,000	122,000	118,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	295	160	130	374,345	173,060	201,290	155	60	95
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	22,000	18,000	20,400	23,400	18,400	22,200	13,600	23,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,800	41,000	27,200	33,960	40,480	28,360	39,000	29,000	46,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	88.0	90.0	83.0	86.6	90.2	81.4	88.0	90.0	87.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.8	70.5	65.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	71.0	69.0	73.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.0	9.5	17.2	13.4	9.8	18.5	12.0	10.6	13.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.2	0.9	1.7	0.9	0.8	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	2.9	6.4	5.0	3.9	6.5	4.6	4.2	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	2.7	5.8	4.5	3.6	5.7	4.2	3.8	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,005	515	490	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	620	290	330
Without total income	50	25	25	63,430	30,900	32,525	20	10	10
With total income	960	490	465	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	600	285	320
Under $10,000 (including loss)	110	45	65	107,500	44,415	63,085	45	25	20
$10,000 to $19,999	105	50	55	115,465	47,780	67,690	60	20	40
$20,000 to $29,999	130	65	65	178,230	78,800	99,430	105	45	60
$30,000 to $39,999	85	25	60	142,910	61,170	81,740	80	40	45
$40,000 to $49,999	90	40	55	122,655	55,960	66,690	45	20	30
$50,000 to $59,999	65	35	25	101,530	48,280	53,245	40	15	20
$60,000 to $69,999	70	35	30	85,080	42,725	42,355	25	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	45	30	20	68,705	36,885	31,825	20	5	10
$80,000 to $89,999	45	20	25	53,900	30,515	23,385	25	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	40	20	15	45,345	25,570	19,775	20	5	15
$100,000 and over	170	125	50	193,625	128,165	65,460	140	75	65
$100,000 to $149,999	95	60	35	113,250	69,295	43,955	60	25	35
$150,000 and over	75	60	15	80,375	58,870	21,505	80	50	30
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,005	515	490	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	620	290	330
Without after-tax income	50	25	25	62,710	30,505	32,210	20	10	10
With after-tax income	960	490	465	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	600	285	320
Under $10,000 (including loss)	115	50	65	112,205	46,185	66,020	45	30	20
$10,000 to $19,999	110	50	55	120,545	50,115	70,430	55	20	35
$20,000 to $29,999	140	65	75	201,940	89,680	112,255	115	55	65
$30,000 to $39,999	100	35	70	166,565	73,405	93,160	85	35	50
$40,000 to $49,999	100	45	55	143,135	67,430	75,705	55	25	25
$50,000 to $59,999	85	45	35	114,565	57,190	57,380	45	25	20
$60,000 to $69,999	70	40	30	87,375	47,045	40,330	25	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	50	20	30	65,115	36,810	28,305	25	10	20
$80,000 to $89,999	40	25	20	51,690	28,935	22,760	25	10	15
$90,000 to $99,999	35	25	15	35,160	21,215	13,945	20	10	10
$100,000 and over	115	90	25	117,360	82,665	34,700	100	60	40
$100,000 to $124,999	50	35	15	48,950	32,240	16,710	25	10	15
$125,000 and over	65	55	10	68,410	50,430	17,985	75	45	25
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,005	515	490	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	620	290	330
Without employment income	305	145	160	356,175	156,380	199,795	190	75	115
With employment income	700	370	330	922,200	474,800	447,395	430	215	215
Under $5,000 (including loss)	125	65	55	116,020	54,130	61,895	60	35	25
$5,000 to $9,999	65	30	35	73,350	31,190	42,165	35	20	10
$10,000 to $19,999	60	25	40	101,970	44,705	57,260	45	15	30
$20,000 to $29,999	50	20	35	78,390	35,640	42,745	40	20	15
$30,000 to $39,999	40	20	20	73,695	34,455	39,235	30	15	20
$40,000 to $49,999	45	20	25	71,335	34,515	36,815	20	10	10
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	25	67,050	32,805	34,245	20	10	10
$60,000 to $69,999	40	20	20	60,120	30,900	29,220	20	5	10
$70,000 to $79,999	40	20	15	49,420	27,665	21,750	20	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	25	10	10	40,555	23,400	17,160	20	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	30	20	15	37,010	20,630	16,375	15	5	15
$100,000 and over	135	95	35	153,280	104,755	48,525	120	65	55
$100,000 to $124,999	50	25	20	61,175	36,970	24,210	40	15	20
$125,000 and over	85	70	15	92,100	67,780	24,320	85	50	35
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,000	515	490	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	620	290	330
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	945	490	455	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	585	270	315
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	56,400	38,400	44,400	53,200	37,600	43,600	52,800	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	950	490	455	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	585	270	315
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	49,600	35,200	40,000	46,400	34,400	40,400	45,200	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	890	465	425	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	550	255	295
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	53,600	36,400	43,600	52,800	35,600	42,800	49,600	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	710	385	325	923,490	475,205	448,285	435	215	220
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	55,600	40,800	44,800	53,600	37,600	51,200	54,800	47,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	790	415	375	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	485	220	265
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,040	930	2,100	1,190	960	3,040	1,020	910	1,190
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	50	30	25	85,480	38,765	46,720	35	15	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	6,120	10,800	6,450	5,680	7,200	7,350	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,025	540	485	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	635	280	350
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980	525	455	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	600	270	330
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,200	90,000	47,200	65,500	80,000	51,400	79,200	91,000	69,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980	525	460	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	605	270	330
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,000	70,400	39,800	52,650	62,600	43,000	62,200	70,000	55,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	920	515	410	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	575	255	320
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,400	87,600	46,600	65,600	80,800	50,200	76,800	91,000	66,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	735	430	305	923,490	475,385	448,110	450	205	245
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,200	85,200	46,800	64,100	77,600	49,760	81,600	91,000	73,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	805	440	370	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	500	215	275
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,930	5,660	6,260	6,130	5,076	7,130	6,600	5,800	7,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50	40	15	84,820	38,275	46,545	45	0	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	8,000	10,000	8,200	7,120	9,080	6,600	...	8,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,025	540	485	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	635	285	350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	300	175	125	428,265	243,165	185,105	215	110	100
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	85,000	127,000	59,200	70,500	78,500	62,000	73,500	71,500	82,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	106,000	136,000	64,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	127,000	134,000	118,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	275	165	115	353,070	163,500	189,570	155	60	100
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,400	26,400	24,800	28,800	33,200	25,600	32,000	31,000	32,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	50,400	57,200	40,000	43,720	53,050	35,720	51,000	56,000	49,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.2	95.0	89.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	93.0	94.0	91.0
Employment income (%)	74.4	77.5	67.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	77.5	77.0	78.0
Government transfers (%)	7.0	5.3	10.7	7.9	5.3	11.9	6.9	5.2	8.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.9	0.6	1.4	0.6	x	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	60,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	40	...	...	151,765	...	...	180	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	50,400	...	...	34,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	44,000	...	...	32,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	370	...	...	452,860	...	...	200	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	162,000	...	...	131,600	...	...	127,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	130,500	...	...	106,600	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	151,830	...	...	160	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	67,800	...	...	53,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	55,250	...	...	45,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	375	...	...	452,795	...	...	220	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...	152,800	...	...	180,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	138,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	6,730	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,245	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,475	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	6,245	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	16,055	...	...	25	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	16,860	...	...	35	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	14,380	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	16,415	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	17,790	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	17,750	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	36,405	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	37,740	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	37,230	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	35,705	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	35	...	...	34,355	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	265	...	...	303,255	...	...	140	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	60	...	...	74,975	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	45	...	...	58,215	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	65	...	...	76,310	...	...	15	...	...
$200,000 and over	90	...	...	93,755	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	7,625	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,380	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,615	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	6,745	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	17,335	...	...	25	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	19,015	...	...	30	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	16,770	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	19,345	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	21,320	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	21,155	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	44,695	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	45,520	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	44,095	...	...	10	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	35	...	...	42,705	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	30	...	...	38,715	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	220	...	...	251,600	...	...	115	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	60	...	...	78,970	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	50	...	...	56,565	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	115	...	...	116,060	...	...	80	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	365	...	...	431,155	...	...	175	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	120	...	...	151,045	...	...	85	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	195	...	...	209,715	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	228,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	186,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	56,700	...	...	15	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	75,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	68,500	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	70	35	40	223,225	113,580	109,645	240	105	135
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,400	46,800	54,800	44,400	46,000	43,200	35,600	36,000	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,600	40,800	47,200	40,000	40,800	38,800	32,400	34,400	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	370	...	...	431,010	...	...	205	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	188,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	142,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	135	...	...	151,205	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	114,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	185	...	...	209,670	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	206,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	284,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	212,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	56,445	...	...	25	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	90,200	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	50	30	20	223,320	113,715	109,605	195	90	105
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	60,000	68,000	52,000	60,050	61,950	58,050	50,800	56,000	47,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,000	60,000	48,000	49,640	50,640	48,560	43,200	46,000	41,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,195	615	575	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	715	345	370
0 to 17 years	230	120	110	349,785	179,925	169,860	100	60	45
0 to 5 years	60	40	25	109,785	56,290	53,495	45	20	20
18 to 64 years	770	395	375	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	455	220	235
65 years and over	195	100	90	209,135	99,390	109,740	155	60	95
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	70	30	35	134,160	64,550	69,610	100	55	50
0 to 17 years	25	10	10	35,370	18,260	17,110	10	5	0
0 to 5 years	10	5	0	11,490	5,880	5,610	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	30	20	20	78,110	37,880	40,225	60	35	25
65 years and over	15	5	10	20,680	8,400	12,270	35	10	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.0	5.2	6.8	8.5	8.3	8.8	14.4	15.2	13.6
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	9.0	12.0	10.1	10.2	10.1	8.0	10.0	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5	12.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.0	4.5	7.7	7.5	7.9	12.8	15.0	11.0
65 years and over (%)	8.0	5.0	10.0	9.9	8.5	11.2	22.0	18.0	26.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,195	615	580	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	715	340	375
0 to 17 years	230	120	110	349,790	179,930	169,855	105	60	45
0 to 5 years	65	35	25	109,785	56,290	53,500	40	25	20
18 to 64 years	770	395	375	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	455	220	235
65 years and over	195	100	90	209,130	99,390	109,740	155	65	90
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	60	30	25	81,680	42,310	39,370	65	30	35
0 to 17 years	15	10	5	18,085	9,305	8,780	5	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	5,625	2,890	2,730	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	35	20	15	57,155	29,990	27,170	45	25	20
65 years and over	10	0	5	6,440	3,015	3,420	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.8	4.8	5.2	5.4	5.0	9.2	9.5	9.0
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	6.0	5.0	5.2	5.2	5.2	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	4.4	4.5	4.0	5.6	6.0	5.3	10.8	11.0	10.0
65 years and over (%)	5.0	4.0	6.0	3.1	3.0	3.1	8.0	10.0	8.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,195	615	580	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	715	345	370
In bottom half of the distribution	385	200	190	673,690	328,825	344,865	310	135	175
In bottom decile	75	35	40	124,250	62,485	61,770	85	40	45
In second decile	40	20	20	132,700	62,320	70,380	100	45	55
In third decile	65	40	25	133,855	64,900	68,960	55	25	30
In fourth decile	115	60	55	138,980	68,120	70,855	40	20	25
In fifth decile	90	40	50	143,905	71,000	72,900	35	15	25
In top half of the distribution	805	420	390	898,245	453,385	444,865	400	205	200
In sixth decile	85	45	45	150,845	75,135	75,710	35	25	15
In seventh decile	115	60	50	155,985	78,075	77,910	75	45	35
In eighth decile	205	100	100	164,975	82,995	81,980	25	15	15
In ninth decile	165	90	80	181,315	91,520	89,795	55	25	25
In top decile	235	120	110	245,130	125,660	119,470	210	100	110
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,190	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	715	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.306	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.471	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.380	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.552	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.416	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	4.0	...	...	6.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,190	615	580	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	715	340	370
English only	1,105	570	535	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	630	300	325
French only	0	0	0	980	425	555	0	0	0
English and French	70	35	35	103,090	47,140	55,945	75	35	40
Neither English nor French	20	5	10	34,235	13,810	20,420	5	5	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,190	615	580	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	715	340	370
English	1,165	605	560	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	690	330	360
French	5	5	5	20,675	10,250	10,425	10	5	5
English and French	5	0	5	7,260	3,590	3,675	0	0	5
Neither English nor French	20	5	10	33,340	13,355	19,985	5	5	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,190	615	580	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	715	340	370
Single responses	1,115	575	540	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	675	325	350
Official languages	760	395	360	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	540	265	275
English	750	395	355	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	530	260	270
French	10	5	5	20,090	9,970	10,115	10	5	5
Non-official languages	360	180	180	415,050	198,790	216,260	135	65	75
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	645	270	380	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	360	180	180	414,405	198,525	215,885	135	65	75
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	15	15	35,495	18,255	17,240	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	15	15	32,085	16,545	15,535	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	5	0	0
Arabic	35	15	15	21,355	11,215	10,145	5	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0	14,785	6,645	8,140	0	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	0	13,810	6,185	7,625	0	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	0	55,755	24,650	31,110	15	5	10
Bikol	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	970	415	555	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	45,300	20,005	25,290	10	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	125	60	65	203,750	100,055	103,695	55	25	30
Albanian	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	30,225	13,960	16,270	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	10	29,740	13,735	16,005	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0	7,595	3,540	4,050	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	5	10,165	4,510	5,660	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	895	435	460	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	3,340	1,500	1,840	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	5	10	17,580	8,490	9,090	5	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	15	5	5	10,660	5,055	5,600	5	5	0
German	15	5	5	10,230	4,840	5,390	5	5	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	5	5	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	5	5	0
Dutch	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	30	35	106,625	53,665	52,955	15	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	45	20	25	93,240	46,930	46,305	5	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	10	4,455	2,230	2,230	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	5	6,565	3,380	3,180	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	8,495	4,290	4,205	0	0	0
Kacchi	5	0	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	49,105	24,690	24,420	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	1,030	505	525	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	5	17,875	8,975	8,905	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	5	10	13,350	6,720	6,630	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	20	5	10	10,100	5,080	5,020	10	5	5
Dari	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	20	5	10	5,705	2,875	2,830	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	15	15	45,970	22,265	23,700	25	15	15
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	5	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	5	0	0
Spanish	15	10	10	32,170	15,475	16,695	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	0	0	0
Korean	15	5	10	10,745	4,940	5,800	5	5	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	160	85	80	68,720	31,925	36,790	40	20	25
Chinese languages	160	85	80	67,430	31,300	36,130	40	20	25
Hakka	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	95	50	40	31,950	14,765	17,190	15	5	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	5	1,235	520	710	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	25	30	32,755	15,315	17,435	20	15	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	460	220	245	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	75	35	40	73,050	35,515	37,535	35	20	20
English and French	5	5	5	6,360	3,080	3,285	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	35	58,650	28,715	29,930	30	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	5,680	2,595	3,085	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,190	615	580	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	715	340	370
English	805	420	385	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	560	270	295
French	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390	0	0	0
Non-official language	100	50	50	127,600	60,835	66,760	30	20	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	100	50	50	127,540	60,810	66,730	30	20	20
English and French	10	5	5	14,755	6,925	7,835	15	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	265	135	130	306,635	148,985	157,650	85	45	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	7,715	3,605	4,105	10	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	12,395	5,820	6,575	10	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,190	615	580	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	715	340	370
Single responses	1,130	580	550	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	695	335	360
Official languages	905	465	435	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	630	300	325
English	900	465	435	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	620	295	320
French	5	0	5	7,230	3,560	3,665	5	5	5
Non-official languages	225	115	110	259,415	125,675	133,740	65	35	35
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	225	115	110	259,295	125,620	133,675	65	35	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	22,515	11,260	11,260	5	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	20,280	10,165	10,115	5	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5	12,825	6,490	6,335	5	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	9,940	4,535	5,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	9,395	4,280	5,110	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0	35,275	16,595	18,675	10	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	29,630	13,885	15,750	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	60	30	30	122,940	60,715	62,220	25	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	14,005	6,710	7,295	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	13,790	6,605	7,190	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	715	335	375	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	980	470	515	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	20	20	79,180	39,590	39,590	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	10	70,335	35,225	35,110	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5,510	2,770	2,740	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	40,675	20,425	20,245	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	555	270	285	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0	12,930	6,420	6,510	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	8,825	4,360	4,475	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	5	6,765	3,325	3,435	10	5	5
Dari	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	3,970	1,965	2,015	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	10	25,440	12,340	13,100	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	5	19,825	9,605	10,215	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5	8,130	3,835	4,295	5	5	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	65	60	47,945	22,570	25,375	25	15	15
Chinese languages	125	65	60	47,025	22,110	24,915	25	15	15
Hakka	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	80	40	40	23,970	11,440	12,530	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	20	21,815	10,130	11,685	10	10	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	65	35	30	75,555	36,865	38,685	20	10	10
English and French	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	60	35	30	69,995	34,230	35,770	15	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,195	615	580	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	715	345	375
None	965	500	460	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	605	285	315
English	115	60	55	104,745	51,660	53,085	35	15	15
French	10	5	5	11,450	5,290	6,160	10	5	5
Non-official language	80	35	45	127,610	60,685	66,920	45	20	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	80	35	45	126,970	60,410	66,565	45	20	25
English and French	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	16,885	8,395	8,490	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	3,660	1,690	1,970	10	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	14,095	6,810	7,285	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,140	600	540	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	735	345	390
Official languages	1,120	590	530	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	725	340	385
English	1,120	590	530	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	725	340	385
French	50	40	15	103,915	47,090	56,830	60	20	40
Non-official languages	445	230	215	562,910	270,945	291,960	185	70	115
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	445	230	215	561,340	270,320	291,010	185	70	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	35	15	54,595	28,250	26,345	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	50	35	15	50,645	26,150	24,495	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	0	0	0
Arabic	50	35	15	35,250	18,505	16,750	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	20,885	9,635	11,250	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,415	8,900	10,515	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	0	0	76,815	33,930	42,890	15	0	15
Bikol	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	0	72,900	32,140	40,755	15	0	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	195	105	95	286,570	140,880	145,685	70	25	50
Albanian	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	37,905	17,730	20,175	20	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	0	37,610	17,610	20,005	20	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	10	0	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	10	0	10
Serbian	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	27,795	13,485	14,310	20	0	15
Frisian	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	15	0	10	18,325	8,925	9,400	10	0	10
German	15	0	10	17,910	8,715	9,200	10	0	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	100	55	50	143,590	72,720	70,870	35	10	25
Indo-Aryan languages	100	55	50	128,685	65,260	63,425	15	0	10
Assamese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0
Hindi	40	25	15	45,340	22,980	22,370	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	68,525	34,920	33,610	15	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	45	25	20	31,710	16,195	15,515	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	30	25	80,155	38,210	41,945	20	0	15
Catalan	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	30	15	10	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0
Spanish	25	15	10	60,770	28,640	32,125	15	0	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	70	70	82,875	39,220	43,660	70	30	40
Chinese languages	140	70	70	81,080	38,330	42,750	70	30	40
Hakka	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	20	20	46,460	21,635	24,825	30	10	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	45	45	42,910	20,105	22,800	35	15	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,140	600	545	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	740	345	395
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	40	10	25	53,700	25,250	28,450	10	0	10
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	40	10	25	51,520	24,220	27,300	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian)	10	0	0	22,470	10,235	12,230	10	0	10
Métis	25	10	25	28,475	13,685	14,790	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,100	590	515	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	730	345	385
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,140	600	545	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	740	345	395
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	17,145	7,900	9,240	10	0	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,135	595	545	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	730	345	385
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
Owner	390	...	...	431,680	...	...	160	...	...
Renter	20	...	...	172,945	...	...	215	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
Condominium	10	...	...	138,505	...	...	80	...	...
Not condominium	400	...	...	466,125	...	...	300	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	63,480	...	...	85	...	...
2 bedrooms	30	...	...	132,670	...	...	135	...	...
3 bedrooms	150	...	...	208,570	...	...	70	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	230	...	...	196,735	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	35	...	...	168,320	...	...	185	...	...
5 rooms	30	...	...	92,700	...	...	60	...	...
6 rooms	60	...	...	85,005	...	...	45	...	...
7 rooms	55	...	...	74,790	...	...	25	...	...
8 or more rooms	230	...	...	183,815	...	...	65	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.8	...	...	6.3	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
One person or fewer per room	395	...	...	587,240	...	...	380	...	...
More than one person per room	15	...	...	17,390	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
Suitable	395	...	...	576,220	...	...	365	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	28,410	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	48,925	...	...	60	...	...
1961 to 1980	10	...	...	146,775	...	...	80	...	...
1981 to 1990	280	...	...	67,920	...	...	35	...	...
1991 to 2000	120	...	...	93,515	...	...	20	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	63,060	...	...	15	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	64,550	...	...	35	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	115	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	390	...	...	578,295	...	...	365	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	26,340	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
One-maintainer household	155	...	...	286,505	...	...	215	...	...
Two-maintainer household	235	...	...	282,890	...	...	160	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	25	...	...	35,230	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	15,275	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	20	...	...	95,360	...	...	55	...	...
35 to 44 years	40	...	...	132,875	...	...	75	...	...
45 to 54 years	85	...	...	121,200	...	...	75	...	...
55 to 64 years	145	...	...	114,325	...	...	50	...	...
65 to 74 years	85	...	...	78,705	...	...	55	...	...
75 to 84 years	30	...	...	34,680	...	...	35	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	12,200	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	410	...	...	599,605	...	...	380	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	390	...	...	466,085	...	...	230	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	20	...	...	133,520	...	...	150	...	...
30% to less than 100%	20	...	...	119,800	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	410	...	...	604,630	...	...	380	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	174,520	...	...	170	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	20	...	...	121,340	...	...	140	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	22,225	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	15	...	...	17,480	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	355	...	...	430,110	...	...	210	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	410	...	...	585,885	...	...	360	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	55,440	...	...	55	...	...
Not in core need	400	...	...	530,445	...	...	305	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	395	...	...	429,490	...	...	160	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	40.5	...	...	65.7	...	...	68.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.3	...	...	17.4	...	...	21.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	810	...	...	1,740	...	...	2,740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,315	...	...	1,792	...	...	2,440	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	548,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	534,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	740,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20	...	...	172,840	...	...	220	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.5	...	...	18.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	34.5	...	...	50.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	20.2	...	...	26.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,350	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,000	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,290	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,140	600	540	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	740	345	395
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	10	0	10
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	10	0	10
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	20	0	15	47,230	22,330	24,905	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	20	0	15	45,875	21,725	24,145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,115	595	525	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	730	345	385
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,140	600	540	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	740	350	390
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,090	575	515	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	695	330	365
Canadian citizens aged under 18	150	80	75	325,765	167,940	157,820	110	70	45
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	945	500	445	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	580	265	320
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	45	25	25	174,615	83,940	90,680	45	15	30
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,140	600	540	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	740	350	390
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	700	360	345	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	565	265	300
Immigrants⁸¹	440	240	195	473,580	227,640	245,935	160	80	85
Before 1980	65	35	30	56,750	27,435	29,320	30	10	20
1980 to 1990	90	50	45	44,975	21,950	23,020	25	15	10
1991 to 2000	70	40	30	67,220	32,280	34,935	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	150	85	65	127,170	61,140	66,030	70	40	30
2011 to 2021⁸²	65	35	30	177,465	84,835	92,630	30	10	20
2011 to 2015	30	15	10	89,810	43,015	46,795	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	40	25	20	87,650	41,815	45,835	25	10	15
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	28,410	14,945	13,470	10	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	440	240	200	473,580	227,640	245,935	160	80	85
Under 5 years	40	35	0	41,205	20,985	20,220	25	15	0
5 to 14 years	70	45	25	79,795	41,370	38,425	45	20	20
15 to 24 years	80	45	40	82,830	37,905	44,930	10	0	10
25 to 44 years	210	95	110	223,080	105,885	117,190	45	25	25
45 years and over	40	20	15	46,670	21,495	25,170	40	15	25
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	440	240	200	473,580	227,640	245,935	160	80	85
Americas	35	10	20	50,280	23,315	26,970	10	0	10
Brazil	25	15	15	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	0	0	0
Europe	50	25	25	83,855	41,815	42,040	40	25	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	15	27,675	14,575	13,095	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	10	0	10
Africa	55	35	15	55,355	27,975	27,385	20	0	15
Algeria	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	15	18,410	9,205	9,210	0	0	0
Asia	295	165	135	279,930	132,545	147,390	95	45	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	55	15	40	36,925	16,915	20,015	45	15	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	25	15	10,965	5,240	5,725	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0
Philippines	10	10	0	71,315	31,605	39,715	10	0	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0	16,350	7,325	9,030	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	10	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0
India	60	25	30	61,580	30,730	30,850	0	0	0
Pakistan	20	15	10	19,425	9,810	9,615	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	35	10	22,735	10,640	12,090	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	40	20	20	87,650	41,815	45,830	25	10	20
Americas	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	35	20	20	55,100	25,850	29,250	20	0	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	14,870	7,455	7,420	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,140	600	545	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	735	345	395
First generation¹⁰⁰	460	255	205	518,345	251,010	267,335	175	85	90
Second generation¹⁰¹	250	130	125	329,675	166,505	163,165	125	45	80
Third generation or more¹⁰²	430	215	215	723,920	364,750	359,170	435	220	220
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	370	205	165	416,830	200,210	216,615	135	70	60
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	240	150	90	235,880	118,150	117,730	80	45	40
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	125	85	40	95,815	58,035	37,780	25	15	15
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	115	70	45	140,065	60,120	79,950	55	30	25
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	95	30	60	117,720	48,395	69,330	45	30	20
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	10	10	58,995	31,595	27,395	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	370	205	165	416,830	200,210	216,615	135	70	60
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	14,765	8,620	6,145	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	30	10	20	53,180	23,440	29,750	20	0	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	10	10	10,665	5,460	5,205	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	310	175	135	313,060	149,760	163,300	110	60	50
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,140	600	545	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	740	345	395
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	490	270	225	575,650	282,735	292,910	230	90	135
South Asian	175	85	85	154,385	78,430	75,955	20	10	10
Chinese	130	70	60	93,975	45,570	48,410	90	45	50
Black	35	25	15	76,470	38,665	37,800	15	0	10
Filipino	0	0	0	92,235	42,365	49,880	15	0	15
Arab	50	35	15	32,660	17,235	15,425	0	0	0
Latin American	15	10	10	35,155	16,925	18,235	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	28,720	13,405	15,310	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	25	10	15	20,840	10,195	10,645	15	0	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	650	330	320	996,285	499,530	496,755	510	255	255
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,140	595	540	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	740	350	390
Canadian	110	55	50	168,075	87,325	80,750	100	35	65
English	210	105	105	276,300	136,835	139,465	180	85	90
Irish	135	50	80	202,260	98,040	104,225	140	60	85
Scottish	170	75	95	235,385	115,820	119,575	135	60	75
French, n.o.s.¹²²	65	40	25	104,160	50,935	53,225	35	15	25
German	200	105	95	197,770	97,860	99,910	90	45	40
Chinese	155	80	75	99,705	48,045	51,650	115	55	60
Italian	20	10	10	44,840	22,330	22,510	40	20	20
Indian (India)	110	55	55	77,900	39,545	38,355	15	0	10
Ukrainian	65	40	20	89,615	43,675	45,940	45	25	30
Dutch	30	25	0	53,665	26,510	27,155	45	30	10
Polish	40	20	20	53,675	25,885	27,790	20	0	15
Québécois	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	45	30	15	53,825	27,135	26,690	15	10	0
Filipino	25	10	10	86,850	40,140	46,710	20	0	15
French Canadian	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	10	0	10
Métis	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	28,815	14,565	14,250	20	0	15
Russian	20	0	10	36,090	16,840	19,255	25	10	15
Norwegian	15	10	0	44,865	21,320	23,545	50	15	30
Welsh	15	10	10	27,905	13,365	14,540	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	0	0	0
Swedish	25	0	15	28,290	13,540	14,750	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	10	0	10
Acadian	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0
Pakistani	45	30	15	24,175	12,270	11,905	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	20,085	10,145	9,940	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	22,750	10,685	12,065	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0
Danish	35	25	10	19,915	9,935	9,980	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0
Austrian	25	0	20	13,225	6,465	6,765	25	10	10
Belgian	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0
Swiss	50	30	20	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	0	10	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	15	15	0
Muslim	45	30	15	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	10	10	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	15	15	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,140	600	545	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	740	345	395
Buddhist	50	30	20	22,425	9,955	12,470	0	0	0
Christian	580	290	300	713,465	336,705	376,760	320	140	175
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	140	80	65	153,665	73,675	79,985	90	50	40
Anabaptist	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0
Anglican	25	10	15	35,625	16,415	19,210	20	0	10
Baptist	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	0	0	0
Catholic	190	100	90	312,410	149,290	163,120	105	40	65
Christian Orthodox	10	10	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	0	0	0
Lutheran	40	20	15	19,790	8,955	10,835	10	0	10
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	0	0	0
Presbyterian	45	25	20	10,200	4,585	5,615	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	50	20	35	51,720	22,415	29,305	15	0	10
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	60	20	45	43,375	20,405	22,970	60	30	30
Hindu	55	20	30	35,335	18,180	17,155	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0
Muslim	120	75	45	101,285	51,675	49,610	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	56,230	28,325	27,905	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	335	190	145	623,560	328,795	294,765	415	200	215
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,130	600	530	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	735	350	390
Non-movers	1,080	570	505	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	625	295	325
Movers	50	25	25	209,550	104,275	105,275	115	50	65
Non-migrants	40	15	25	147,415	73,505	73,910	110	50	60
Migrants	15	15	0	62,135	30,765	31,365	10	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	47,380	23,440	23,940	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	0	0	0
External migrants	10	10	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,110	590	520	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	705	325	375
Non-movers	980	520	465	863,155	429,060	434,095	395	180	210
Movers	120	70	55	619,175	307,300	311,880	310	145	165
Non-migrants	95	45	50	363,260	181,560	181,700	225	120	105
Migrants	30	20	10	255,920	125,740	130,180	85	30	55
Internal migrants	15	15	0	177,420	87,415	90,005	75	20	45
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	112,590	55,855	56,735	40	0	35
Interprovincial migrants	15	15	0	64,830	31,560	33,270	25	15	10
External migrants	15	0	10	78,500	38,320	40,180	10	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,025	540	485	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	635	285	350
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	90	55	35	182,850	95,955	86,895	65	25	40
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	930	485	450	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	570	255	310
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	625	295	330	886,650	437,700	448,950	440	200	240
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	50	25	25	79,025	43,715	35,310	10	0	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	580	270	310	807,620	393,985	413,640	425	195	235
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,020	540	480	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	635	285	355
No certificate, diploma or degree	80	45	35	163,710	84,360	79,350	50	20	30
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	280	130	150	339,400	169,445	169,950	160	70	90
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	660	360	300	775,265	377,350	397,915	425	195	235
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	235	130	105	348,595	174,345	174,250	110	40	70
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50	35	15	84,805	63,760	21,050	30	15	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	0	15	29,285	16,610	12,680	15	0	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	20	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	15	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	165	85	85	221,065	92,585	128,480	60	25	35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	20	0	42,725	18,000	24,720	15	0	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	425	230	195	426,670	203,005	223,660	315	155	165
Bachelor's degree	295	155	140	294,610	137,240	157,375	195	90	100
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	10	10	22,475	10,080	12,390	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	15	10	10
Master's degree	70	40	40	86,005	42,875	43,130	70	35	35
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	25	10	12,795	7,765	5,030	30	20	15
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	625	300	330	886,650	437,700	448,950	435	195	240
No certificate, diploma or degree	45	20	20	66,625	36,450	30,175	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	105	40	70	197,715	102,665	95,045	90	30	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	475	230	240	622,315	298,585	323,730	345	160	185
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	145	70	75	266,590	133,640	132,950	65	25	40
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	10	10	63,270	48,090	15,175	20	10	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	0	10	20,715	12,025	8,685	10	0	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	110	55	60	170,270	71,565	98,700	30	10	15
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	10	10	33,050	13,985	19,070	15	0	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	330	165	170	355,720	164,940	190,775	285	140	145
Bachelor's degree	245	120	120	244,340	111,530	132,810	175	80	100
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	10	17,980	7,805	10,175	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	15	0	10
Master's degree	55	25	25	74,335	35,965	38,370	55	30	25
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	15	10	9,880	5,625	4,255	35	15	15
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,025	545	480	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	635	285	355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	360	175	180	503,110	253,805	249,305	215	85	120
Education	50	0	40	46,605	10,200	36,405	10	0	0
13. Education	50	0	40	46,605	10,200	36,405	10	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	23,385	9,460	13,925	10	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	20,825	7,530	13,295	0	0	0
Humanities	40	10	30	34,000	12,365	21,635	10	10	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	7,415	1,915	5,495	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	0	15	11,560	4,095	7,460	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	95	40	50	83,860	28,790	55,065	60	25	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	9,690	735	8,955	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	15,515	5,275	10,245	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	25	15	15	13,800	3,115	10,680	10	0	0
45. Social sciences	35	15	20	30,700	14,865	15,830	45	25	15
Business, management and public administration	145	80	65	177,710	75,825	101,885	100	45	65
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	135	80	60	168,935	74,160	94,770	100	45	65
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35	15	25	39,940	20,670	19,265	40	15	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	0	15	13,395	5,160	8,240	15	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	25	0	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	20	15	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	10	10	36,465	23,975	12,485	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	10	30,070	21,020	9,055	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	190	170	20	173,505	149,155	24,355	95	60	30
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	0	0	0
14. Engineering	115	95	20	66,620	53,075	13,545	55	35	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	40	40	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	10	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	28,060	27,225	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	22,210	21,530	675	15	15	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	11,885	11,515	375	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	20	10	10	15,905	7,900	8,005	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	10	10	10,210	5,025	5,180	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	0	0	0
Health and related fields	50	10	40	111,080	22,865	88,215	90	15	75
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	50	10	40	98,680	16,900	81,780	85	15	65
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	10	32,595	16,030	16,565	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	20,215	6,265	13,950	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	625	295	330	886,650	437,700	448,950	440	195	240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	150	60	90	264,340	139,115	125,220	95	35	60
Education	35	0	35	33,450	6,965	26,475	10	0	0
13. Education	35	0	35	33,450	6,965	26,475	10	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	0	0	0
Humanities	35	0	30	26,945	9,460	17,490	10	10	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	0	6,035	1,555	4,480	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	9,440	3,220	6,225	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	70	25	35	69,810	23,220	46,590	45	25	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	12,925	4,080	8,840	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	25	10	15	11,190	2,390	8,800	10	0	0
45. Social sciences	25	10	10	25,655	12,155	13,505	30	20	10
Business, management and public administration	90	45	45	145,930	61,450	84,480	75	30	55
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	90	45	45	138,835	60,195	78,640	75	30	55
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30	10	20	30,605	14,930	15,680	30	15	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	0	15	10,695	3,995	6,695	15	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	20	0	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	10	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	0	10	31,330	20,720	10,615	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	10	26,680	18,555	8,125	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	125	105	15	138,260	116,630	21,630	80	55	30
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	0	0	0
14. Engineering	80	65	15	55,310	43,055	12,260	60	35	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30	30	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	21,755	21,035	720	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	16,875	16,295	580	15	15	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,785	8,485	305	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	20	10	10	12,720	5,985	6,735	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	10	10	7,810	3,590	4,220	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0
Health and related fields	40	10	35	88,715	18,735	69,980	70	15	50
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	10	35	78,745	14,010	64,730	60	15	40
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	625	295	330	886,650	437,700	448,950	440	195	240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	150	60	90	264,340	139,115	125,220	95	35	60
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	475	235	240	622,310	298,585	323,730	345	160	180
Location of study inside Canada	365	190	180	455,590	220,680	234,910	300	140	160
Same as province or territory of residence	250	135	125	328,175	157,540	170,630	200	80	115
Different than province or territory of residence	110	55	55	127,410	63,135	64,275	100	60	40
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	110	40	60	166,725	77,905	88,820	45	20	25
Americas	20	0	15	28,670	14,305	14,360	0	0	0
United States of America	10	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	10	0	10	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0
Europe	15	10	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	10	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0
Asia	65	25	40	91,990	39,695	52,295	30	10	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	11,260	5,010	6,250	15	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	30,585	12,115	18,470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	30	10	20	25,005	11,780	13,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,020	540	480	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	635	285	355
In the labour force	610	340	275	882,705	463,170	419,540	420	195	235
Employed	520	290	230	776,015	408,675	367,335	405	180	225
Unemployed	90	50	40	106,695	54,490	52,205	15	15	0
Not in the labour force	410	205	205	395,665	167,985	227,680	215	95	120
Participation rate	59.8	63.0	57.3	69.0	73.4	64.8	66.1	68.4	66.2
Employment rate	51.0	53.7	47.9	60.7	64.8	56.8	63.8	63.2	63.4
Unemployment rate	14.8	14.7	14.5	12.1	11.8	12.4	3.6	7.7	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,025	545	480	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	635	285	355
Did not work¹⁸⁶	410	195	210	422,665	183,645	239,020	230	95	135
Worked	610	345	270	855,710	447,510	408,200	405	190	220
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	310	180	130	450,195	257,535	192,655	230	115	115
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	305	165	140	405,520	189,970	215,550	175	75	105
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.4	36.9	40.4	40.7	41.5	39.8	43.9	42.2	45.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	615	340	275	882,710	463,165	419,540	425	190	235
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	15	10	29,010	14,020	14,995	15	10	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	585	325	265	853,695	449,150	404,550	405	180	225
Employee	475	270	210	715,140	365,090	350,050	320	145	175
Permanent position	385	210	175	600,125	311,480	288,645	260	120	140
Temporary position	85	60	30	115,020	53,615	61,405	60	25	35
Fixed term (1 year or more)	30	20	15	37,760	16,790	20,970	35	15	20
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	65	40	20	77,260	36,820	40,435	30	15	20
Self-employed¹⁹²	115	55	55	138,550	84,060	54,500	90	40	50
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	615	340	275	882,710	463,165	419,540	425	190	235
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	15	10	29,010	14,020	14,995	15	10	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	585	325	265	853,695	449,150	404,550	405	180	225
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	10	0	10
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	105	35	65	161,170	53,245	107,930	105	25	80
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	115	105	15	94,565	72,340	22,225	70	55	10
3 Health occupations	45	0	45	69,305	13,810	55,490	75	15	65
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	85	25	55	92,850	30,655	62,195	35	15	25
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20	10	10	24,120	10,450	13,675	15	10	10
6 Sales and service occupations	140	70	70	209,115	94,840	114,280	50	20	30
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	55	55	0	147,375	132,085	15,290	40	40	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	10	10	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	15	0	25,565	19,070	6,490	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	615	340	275	882,710	463,165	419,540	425	190	235
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	15	10	29,010	14,020	14,995	15	10	10
All industries¹⁹¹	585	325	265	853,695	449,150	404,550	405	180	225
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45	40	0	39,750	26,465	13,290	20	15	10
22 Utilities	10	10	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	10	0	0
23 Construction	20	20	0	75,665	63,720	11,945	15	15	0
31-33 Manufacturing	15	0	10	41,545	30,255	11,295	10	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	60	25	40	96,885	46,555	50,330	25	25	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	40	25	15	56,135	40,670	15,470	20	10	15
51 Information and cultural industries	10	10	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	15	0	10	30,760	13,930	16,825	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	0	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	10	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	85	60	25	96,185	55,190	40,995	105	55	55
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	10	0	37,790	21,285	16,510	25	10	15
61 Educational services	80	30	55	55,510	16,805	38,700	45	10	30
62 Health care and social assistance	65	10	55	107,190	20,475	86,720	90	20	70
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	15	15	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	30	20	15	49,900	22,440	27,460	30	10	20
81 Other services (except public administration)	40	20	25	37,065	16,090	20,975	0	0	0
91 Public administration	15	10	0	31,305	16,235	15,075	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	675	385	290	926,320	483,455	442,860	435	195	235
English	620	360	255	878,705	460,305	418,400	425	195	230
French	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	10	10	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	10	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	0	0	0
English and French	15	0	10	7,700	3,085	4,615	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	30,355	15,535	14,825	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	675	385	290	926,320	483,455	442,860	435	195	235
Single responses	670	385	285	919,325	479,835	439,490	435	195	235
Official languages	650	380	275	906,220	473,040	433,180	425	195	230
English	645	380	270	903,745	472,395	431,350	425	195	230
French	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0
Non-official languages	15	10	10	13,105	6,795	6,310	10	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	10	10	13,090	6,795	6,300	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	555	290	265	10	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	495	260	240	10	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	10	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	7,000	3,625	3,375	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5,765	3,065	2,695	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	675	385	290	926,320	483,455	442,860	435	195	235
None	635	365	270	893,045	467,350	425,695	425	195	230
English	10	0	10	6,235	2,990	3,245	0	0	0
French	10	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	0	0	0
Non-official language	25	15	10	17,585	8,825	8,760	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	15	10	17,465	8,780	8,690	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	520	290	230	776,010	408,680	367,335	405	180	225
Worked at home	180	115	65	215,520	105,290	110,230	195	90	105
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	85	65	20	113,260	83,885	29,375	20	10	10
Usual place of work	255	115	140	444,410	217,405	227,005	195	80	115
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	255	110	140	444,410	217,405	227,005	195	75	115
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	215	85	135	361,065	170,000	191,065	190	75	110
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	10	0	69,230	37,715	31,505	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10	10	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	335	175	160	557,670	301,290	256,380	210	90	120
Car, truck or van	285	150	135	473,465	261,055	212,410	160	75	85
Car, truck or van - as a driver	260	145	120	441,645	249,990	191,655	145	70	75
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	25	10	20	31,820	11,060	20,755	15	10	10
Public transit	30	15	20	40,930	17,775	23,165	20	0	20
Walked	0	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325	15	0	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	10	0	10
Other method	10	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	335	175	160	557,670	301,290	256,380	210	90	120
Less than 15 minutes	60	25	35	128,460	58,155	70,310	50	25	30
15 to 29 minutes	160	75	85	242,460	130,855	111,610	130	60	70
30 to 44 minutes	95	65	30	125,765	75,100	50,660	25	10	20
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	0	31,050	18,505	12,545	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	15	10	10	29,930	18,665	11,265	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	335	175	160	557,670	301,290	256,380	210	90	120
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	15	10	37,665	27,280	10,390	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	55	25	30	100,900	63,500	37,400	20	0	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	90	50	45	143,455	75,755	67,700	70	35	40
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	70	30	45	105,095	50,620	54,475	55	25	30
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	55	25	30	79,595	35,415	44,180	55	15	35
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	30	10	90,950	48,715	42,230	15	15	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	235	120	115	356,225	183,250	172,980	105	60	45
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	25,335	12,890	12,445	10	10	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	225	115	110	330,890	170,360	160,535	90	50	40
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	185	95	90	259,535	133,590	125,945	65	35	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	18,890	9,625	9,270	5	5	0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	9,575	4,670	4,910	5	5	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	9,315	4,955	4,360	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	175	90	85	240,640	123,965	116,675	60	35	25

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 14, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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