Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48061557More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48062136More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	472	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	1,012	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	204	...	...	638,160	...	...	643	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	193	...	...	604,628	...	...	610	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,014.0	...	...	126.1	...	...	3,149.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.16	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	0.32	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	475	220	250	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	1,010	480	535
0 to 14 years	75	40	40	294,075	151,285	142,785	100	50	50
0 to 4 years	20	10	10	89,790	46,155	43,630	30	20	15
5 to 9 years	30	15	20	100,905	51,680	49,225	30	15	10
10 to 14 years	25	10	10	103,380	53,450	49,930	35	15	20
15 to 64 years	310	150	160	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	720	355	365
15 to 19 years	25	15	10	92,025	47,355	44,675	40	20	15
20 to 24 years	40	10	20	91,515	47,260	44,260	60	25	35
25 to 29 years	35	20	20	101,235	50,320	50,915	75	30	50
30 to 34 years	35	20	15	123,235	60,255	62,980	110	65	45
35 to 39 years	25	15	10	132,045	64,950	67,095	70	35	30
40 to 44 years	25	15	15	121,735	60,110	61,625	75	45	35
45 to 49 years	30	15	20	111,345	55,485	55,860	75	30	45
50 to 54 years	35	15	15	103,325	51,835	51,490	55	25	25
55 to 59 years	35	20	15	101,580	50,260	51,320	85	40	40
60 to 64 years	20	10	10	96,735	47,710	49,020	75	40	35
65 years and over	85	35	55	221,795	103,495	118,300	190	70	120
65 to 69 years	25	10	20	78,095	38,250	39,845	55	20	35
70 to 74 years	20	10	15	58,785	28,310	30,475	70	30	35
75 to 79 years	15	5	10	36,570	17,235	19,340	20	5	15
80 to 84 years	10	5	10	23,750	10,405	13,350	25	5	20
85 years and over	15	5	10	24,595	9,300	15,290	25	5	20
85 to 89 years	10	5	5	15,285	6,230	9,050	15	5	10
90 to 94 years	5	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	5	0	5
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.8	18.2	16.0	18.5	19.1	17.8	9.9	10.4	9.3
15 to 64 years	65.3	68.2	64.0	67.6	67.8	67.4	71.3	74.0	68.2
65 years and over	17.9	15.9	22.0	13.9	13.1	14.8	18.8	14.6	22.4
85 years and over	3.2	2.3	4.0	1.5	1.2	1.9	2.5	1.0	3.7
Average age of the population	40.8	40.0	41.6	38.9	38.3	39.6	44.1	42.2	45.8
Median age of the population	40.0	38.4	40.4	38.4	38.0	39.2	43.6	41.2	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	610	...	...
Single-detached house	75	...	...	351,925	...	...	140	...	...
Semi-detached house	50	...	...	39,065	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	55	...	...	57,180	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	21,855	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10	...	...	89,225	...	...	460	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	610	...	...
1 person	50	...	...	151,770	...	...	365	...	...
2 persons	75	...	...	196,980	...	...	155	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	96,165	...	...	55	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	97,780	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	61,930	...	...	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	470	225	250	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,010	480	535
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	1.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	395	185	210	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	910	425	480
Married or living common-law	220	110	110	773,480	387,015	386,465	335	165	165
Married	175	85	85	657,160	328,650	328,510	230	115	110
Living common-law	45	20	20	116,320	58,365	57,960	100	55	50
Living common law - Never married	35	20	15	87,265	43,935	43,330	85	45	40
Living common law - Separated	5	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	0	0	23,185	11,490	11,690	15	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	175	70	100	523,090	252,020	271,065	580	260	320
Not married and not living common law - Never married	110	55	50	364,145	197,890	166,255	355	180	180
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	10	5	29,375	12,665	16,710	30	15	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	40	10	30	79,920	30,945	48,970	145	65	85
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	5	10	49,640	10,520	39,125	50	5	40
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	135	...	...	438,900	...	...	215	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	204,395	...	...	140	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	94,815	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	97,660	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	42,025	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	130	...	...	438,900	...	...	215	...	...
Total couple families	105	...	...	377,050	...	...	160	...	...
Married couples	85	...	...	318,890	...	...	115	...	...
With children⁶	40	...	...	190,345	...	...	50	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	128,545	...	...	60	...	...
Common-law couples	25	...	...	58,160	...	...	55	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	19,165	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	38,995	...	...	45	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	61,850	...	...	55	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	47,785	...	...	35	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	14,065	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	470	225	250	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,010	480	535
Total - Persons in census families	370	175	200	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	550	270	275
Married spouses or common-law partners	210	105	105	754,090	377,085	377,010	330	160	165
Parents in one-parent families	25	0	20	61,855	14,065	47,790	50	20	35
Children⁶	135	70	65	492,710	260,395	232,315	165	85	80
In a two-parent family	90	40	50	396,580	208,580	188,000	100	50	45
In a one-parent family	45	30	15	96,130	51,815	44,315	70	35	35
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	100	45	55	263,280	130,670	132,615	465	205	260
Living alone	50	25	30	151,765	71,605	80,165	365	155	210
Living with other relatives⁷	10	5	10	40,060	17,085	22,975	20	0	10
Living with non-relatives only	35	15	20	71,460	41,975	29,480	85	50	35
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	195	...	...	604,630	...	...	610	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	115	...	...	375,185	...	...	195	...	...
Couple-family households	90	...	...	328,515	...	...	150	...	...
With children⁶	40	...	...	182,665	...	...	55	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	145,845	...	...	95	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	46,670	...	...	45	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	20,165	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5	...	...	4,730	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	22,485	...	...	15	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	30,295	...	...	30	...	...
One-person households	50	...	...	151,765	...	...	360	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	395	185	210	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	910	430	485
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	380	180	200	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	875	405	470
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	45,600	40,800	44,800	52,400	39,200	38,800	41,200	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	380	180	200	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	875	405	470
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	40,400	37,600	40,400	46,000	36,000	35,200	37,600	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	355	165	190	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	780	370	410
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,000	31,800	40,800	50,000	32,400	30,000	34,800	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	275	135	135	922,195	474,800	447,395	650	320	330
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	45,600	36,800	42,400	50,800	34,800	36,000	38,400	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	330	150	180	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	800	360	440
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,900	6,750	8,800	7,600	5,600	9,100	11,000	10,200	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30	10	15	136,975	64,415	72,555	130	75	55
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	x	x	5,800	5,760	5,880	6,280	6,280	6,240
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100	55	45	384,535	184,820	199,710	280	145	135
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,000	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	10,500	10,800	10,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	365	160	210	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	975	440	535
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	365	160	210	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	945	420	530
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	42,000	54,400	65,500	78,400	52,850	43,800	44,400	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	365	160	210	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	945	420	530
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	36,500	48,400	53,050	61,750	44,560	37,900	38,200	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	345	140	205	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	845	390	460
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,600	41,000	43,600	62,300	76,300	48,160	36,600	36,000	37,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	260	115	150	922,200	475,075	447,125	695	330	370
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	44,000	51,000	60,800	73,200	47,640	39,000	38,200	39,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	300	120	180	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	870	375	495
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,100	8,000	13,100	10,020	8,930	11,050	11,880	11,800	11,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25	0	15	136,685	64,550	72,135	160	80	80
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	...	10,000	7,070	6,620	7,480	9,000	11,200	6,900
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105	50	55	383,100	184,610	198,485	300	140	160
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	9,600	11,200	9,270	9,160	9,380	11,300	13,000	9,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	365	160	210	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	975	435	535
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	85	35	50	432,255	245,295	186,965	285	130	155
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,500	57,600	95,000	73,000	80,000	65,000	67,000	56,800	67,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,000	68,000	88,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	68,500	66,000	71,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	110	55	45	374,345	173,060	201,290	355	170	180
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	27,000	23,800	20,400	23,400	18,400	14,100	14,200	14,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,400	30,000	22,000	33,960	40,480	28,360	19,500	20,600	18,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.0	84.0	79.0	86.6	90.2	81.4	75.2	76.0	74.5
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.0	74.0	66.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	66.0	68.0	64.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.4	14.0	21.2	13.4	9.8	18.5	24.9	24.2	25.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	x	1.6	1.2	0.9	1.7	3.5	4.8	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.6	7.2	6.2	5.0	3.9	6.5	9.0	10.6	7.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.8	6.8	5.2	4.5	3.6	5.7	8.2	10.0	6.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	395	185	210	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	910	425	480
Without total income	15	5	5	63,430	30,900	32,525	35	25	15
With total income	380	175	205	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	870	405	470
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	15	25	107,500	44,415	63,085	40	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	35	20	10	115,465	47,780	67,690	95	40	55
$20,000 to $29,999	55	25	30	178,230	78,800	99,430	170	80	90
$30,000 to $39,999	55	25	35	142,910	61,170	81,740	150	60	95
$40,000 to $49,999	40	10	25	122,655	55,960	66,690	125	55	65
$50,000 to $59,999	40	15	25	101,530	48,280	53,245	90	45	45
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	10	85,080	42,725	42,355	70	30	35
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	5	68,705	36,885	31,825	45	20	25
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	10	53,900	30,515	23,385	20	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	25	10	15	45,345	25,570	19,775	15	15	5
$100,000 and over	45	30	15	193,625	128,165	65,460	60	35	20
$100,000 to $149,999	30	20	10	113,250	69,295	43,955	45	30	15
$150,000 and over	15	5	0	80,375	58,870	21,505	10	5	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	395	185	210	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	910	425	480
Without after-tax income	15	5	5	62,710	30,505	32,210	35	25	15
With after-tax income	380	175	205	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	870	405	470
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	15	25	112,205	46,185	66,020	40	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	35	20	15	120,545	50,115	70,430	95	40	55
$20,000 to $29,999	65	30	35	201,940	89,680	112,255	210	95	115
$30,000 to $39,999	55	15	35	166,565	73,405	93,160	175	70	105
$40,000 to $49,999	55	25	30	143,135	67,430	75,705	140	65	70
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	20	114,565	57,190	57,380	90	35	50
$60,000 to $69,999	20	15	10	87,375	47,045	40,330	55	25	30
$70,000 to $79,999	25	5	20	65,115	36,810	28,305	25	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	5	51,690	28,935	22,760	15	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	35,160	21,215	13,945	15	10	0
$100,000 and over	20	15	10	117,360	82,665	34,700	25	15	5
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	5	48,950	32,240	16,710	20	10	5
$125,000 and over	15	5	0	68,410	50,430	17,985	5	5	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	395	185	210	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	910	425	480
Without employment income	120	50	70	356,175	156,380	199,795	260	110	155
With employment income	275	135	140	922,200	474,800	447,395	650	320	330
Under $5,000 (including loss)	45	20	25	116,020	54,130	61,895	75	35	35
$5,000 to $9,999	15	5	15	73,350	31,190	42,165	50	20	30
$10,000 to $19,999	30	15	10	101,970	44,705	57,260	90	45	45
$20,000 to $29,999	20	10	10	78,390	35,640	42,745	80	30	45
$30,000 to $39,999	30	10	15	73,695	34,455	39,235	70	30	35
$40,000 to $49,999	25	15	15	71,335	34,515	36,815	70	35	35
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	10	67,050	32,805	34,245	55	25	30
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	5	60,120	30,900	29,220	50	20	25
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	5	49,420	27,665	21,750	35	15	20
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	40,555	23,400	17,160	20	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	20	5	15	37,010	20,630	16,375	15	5	5
$100,000 and over	35	25	10	153,280	104,755	48,525	45	35	10
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	5	61,175	36,970	24,210	25	15	5
$125,000 and over	15	10	5	92,100	67,780	24,320	20	15	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	395	185	210	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	910	430	485
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	375	175	200	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	875	410	470
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,000	37,200	44,400	53,200	37,600	37,200	39,600	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	375	175	200	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	875	410	470
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	37,600	34,000	40,000	46,400	34,400	34,000	36,800	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	345	160	185	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	760	360	405
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	45,600	32,000	43,600	52,800	35,600	35,600	41,600	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	275	135	135	923,490	475,205	448,285	645	315	335
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	45,600	35,600	44,800	53,600	37,600	40,400	44,000	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	330	150	180	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	775	345	430
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,400	930	4,240	1,190	960	3,040	1,900	1,040	3,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	20	5	15	85,480	38,765	46,720	60	35	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	x	x	6,450	5,680	7,200	4,160	3,840	4,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	365	160	210	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	975	440	535
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	350	145	210	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	935	420	515
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,600	44,000	52,000	65,500	80,000	51,400	42,700	43,400	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	350	145	210	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	935	420	515
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	38,000	45,200	52,650	62,600	43,000	36,700	37,600	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	340	140	200	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	815	365	445
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	42,000	45,600	65,600	80,800	50,200	42,100	44,400	40,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	260	110	140	923,490	475,385	448,110	700	320	375
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	46,000	55,000	64,100	77,600	49,760	44,000	46,400	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	290	110	180	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	810	350	460
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200	4,300	8,900	6,130	5,076	7,130	6,840	5,420	7,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15	0	0	84,820	38,275	46,545	95	55	40
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,500	...	...	8,200	7,120	9,080	4,900	4,400	5,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	365	160	210	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	975	435	535
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	85	35	50	428,265	243,165	185,105	280	125	155
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	54,800	77,500	70,500	78,500	62,000	60,400	56,400	65,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,000	68,000	80,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	66,000	66,000	66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	105	55	45	353,070	163,500	189,570	320	155	170
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,800	30,800	32,800	28,800	33,200	25,600	24,600	27,400	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,000	38,000	35,000	43,720	53,050	35,720	30,600	34,500	27,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.0	92.0	84.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	86.0	90.0	83.0
Employment income (%)	76.0	80.0	72.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	77.2	81.0	73.5
Government transfers (%)	12.2	7.2	15.4	7.9	5.3	11.9	13.9	10.3	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	x	x	0.9	0.6	1.4	1.2	1.3	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	610	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	52,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	46,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	50	...	...	151,765	...	...	360	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	50,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	44,000	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	140	...	...	452,860	...	...	250	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	620	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	131,600	...	...	67,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	106,600	...	...	58,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	151,830	...	...	340	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	67,800	...	...	46,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	55,250	...	...	39,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	130	...	...	452,795	...	...	275	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	152,800	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	610	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	6,730	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,245	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,475	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	6,245	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	16,055	...	...	45	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	16,860	...	...	45	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	14,380	...	...	45	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	16,415	...	...	30	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	17,790	...	...	45	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	17,750	...	...	40	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	36,405	...	...	70	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	37,740	...	...	55	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	37,230	...	...	45	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	35,705	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	34,355	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	80	...	...	303,255	...	...	105	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	74,975	...	...	40	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	58,215	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	25	...	...	76,310	...	...	30	...	...
$200,000 and over	15	...	...	93,755	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	610	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	7,625	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,380	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,615	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,745	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	17,335	...	...	55	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	19,015	...	...	55	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	16,770	...	...	45	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	19,345	...	...	55	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	21,320	...	...	50	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	21,155	...	...	50	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	44,695	...	...	70	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	45,520	...	...	50	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	44,095	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	42,705	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	38,715	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	60	...	...	251,600	...	...	75	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	78,970	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	56,565	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	30	...	...	116,060	...	...	25	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	130	...	...	431,155	...	...	220	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	151,045	...	...	100	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	209,715	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	56,700	...	...	50	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	49,200	...	...	75,000	...	...	56,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	68,500	...	...	54,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	85	40	45	223,225	113,580	109,645	445	205	240
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,000	42,000	55,600	44,400	46,000	43,200	38,000	40,000	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200	36,400	48,400	40,000	40,800	38,800	34,800	36,000	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	120	...	...	431,010	...	...	250	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	55	...	...	151,205	...	...	105	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	209,670	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	56,445	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	90,200	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	78,200	...	...	62,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	100	30	70	223,320	113,715	109,605	450	190	260
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,000	52,000	56,000	60,050	61,950	58,050	42,200	36,800	46,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,000	44,000	50,000	49,640	50,640	48,560	36,600	31,400	40,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	475	220	250	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,010	480	535
0 to 17 years	90	45	45	349,785	179,925	169,860	120	60	55
0 to 5 years	30	15	20	109,785	56,290	53,495	40	25	15
18 to 64 years	300	145	150	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	705	350	355
65 years and over	85	35	55	209,135	99,390	109,740	190	70	120
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	45	15	25	134,160	64,550	69,610	185	95	95
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	35,370	18,260	17,110	25	10	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	11,490	5,880	5,610	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	25	5	15	78,110	37,880	40,225	115	60	55
65 years and over	10	5	5	20,680	8,400	12,270	45	20	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.2	7.0	11.0	8.5	8.3	8.8	18.4	19.2	17.6
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	12.0	16.0	10.1	10.2	10.1	20.0	20.0	20.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5	16.0	16.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	6.0	9.0	7.7	7.5	7.9	16.4	17.0	15.6
65 years and over (%)	10.0	x	12.0	9.9	8.5	11.2	25.0	28.0	24.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	470	225	250	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,010	480	535
0 to 17 years	90	45	45	349,790	179,930	169,855	115	60	60
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	109,785	56,290	53,500	40	20	20
18 to 64 years	295	145	155	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	705	345	355
65 years and over	85	35	50	209,130	99,390	109,740	190	70	120
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	30	15	15	81,680	42,310	39,370	115	60	55
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	18,085	9,305	8,780	15	10	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	5,625	2,890	2,730	5	5	5
18 to 64 years	15	5	5	57,155	29,990	27,170	85	50	35
65 years and over	5	5	5	6,440	3,015	3,420	10	10	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	6.0	6.0	5.2	5.4	5.0	11.0	12.8	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	x	16.0	5.2	5.2	5.2	12.0	16.0	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	16.0	16.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	6.0	4.0	5.6	6.0	5.3	12.0	13.2	11.0
65 years and over (%)	5.0	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1	7.0	8.0	6.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	475	220	250	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,010	480	535
In bottom half of the distribution	245	120	125	673,690	328,825	344,865	715	335	385
In bottom decile	40	20	25	124,250	62,485	61,770	165	90	75
In second decile	70	40	30	132,700	62,320	70,380	170	65	100
In third decile	50	25	25	133,855	64,900	68,960	160	65	90
In fourth decile	40	20	20	138,980	68,120	70,855	110	55	55
In fifth decile	45	25	25	143,905	71,000	72,900	115	60	60
In top half of the distribution	225	100	125	898,245	453,385	444,865	295	145	145
In sixth decile	40	15	20	150,845	75,135	75,710	70	35	40
In seventh decile	40	15	20	155,985	78,075	77,910	70	35	40
In eighth decile	40	15	25	164,975	82,995	81,980	55	30	30
In ninth decile	55	30	30	181,315	91,520	89,795	50	25	20
In top decile	50	30	25	245,130	125,660	119,470	50	25	25
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	470	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	1,010	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.322	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.319	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.424	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.465	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.292	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.288	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	470	225	250	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,010	480	535
English only	430	205	225	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	925	435	490
French only	0	0	0	980	425	555	0	0	0
English and French	25	15	15	103,090	47,140	55,945	75	40	35
Neither English nor French	15	5	10	34,235	13,810	20,420	10	5	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	470	225	250	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,010	480	535
English	450	215	240	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	975	455	515
French	10	5	5	20,675	10,250	10,425	20	10	10
English and French	0	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	5	5	5
Neither English nor French	15	5	10	33,340	13,355	19,985	10	5	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	470	225	250	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,010	480	535
Single responses	440	215	230	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	980	455	520
Official languages	275	130	150	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	825	385	435
English	270	125	145	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	800	375	420
French	10	5	5	20,090	9,970	10,115	25	10	15
Non-official languages	170	80	85	415,050	198,790	216,260	155	75	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	645	270	380	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	445	180	265	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	170	80	85	414,405	198,525	215,885	150	75	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	5	35,495	18,255	17,240	15	10	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	5	32,085	16,545	15,535	15	10	5
Amharic	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	5	21,355	11,215	10,145	10	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	660	325	340	5	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	350	175	170	5	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	14,785	6,645	8,140	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	13,810	6,185	7,625	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	55,755	24,650	31,110	30	15	20
Bikol	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	970	415	555	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	10	0	5
Indonesian	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	45,300	20,005	25,290	25	10	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	60	30	30	203,750	100,055	103,695	55	25	35
Albanian	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	5	30,225	13,960	16,270	25	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	5	5	29,740	13,735	16,005	25	10	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	5	7,595	3,540	4,050	5	0	5
Russian	0	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	15	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	5	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	895	435	460	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	3,340	1,500	1,840	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	17,580	8,490	9,090	10	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	10	0	5
German	0	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	10	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	20	15	106,625	53,665	52,955	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	15	93,240	46,930	46,305	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	6,565	3,380	3,180	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	0	8,495	4,290	4,205	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	5	5	49,105	24,690	24,420	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	5	17,875	8,975	8,905	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	13,350	6,720	6,630	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10,100	5,080	5,020	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	0	45,970	22,265	23,700	15	10	5
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	5	0	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	0	0	0
Spanish	5	0	0	32,170	15,475	16,695	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5	2,395	800	1,595	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	5	10,745	4,940	5,800	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	35	35	68,720	31,925	36,790	35	15	20
Chinese languages	75	35	35	67,430	31,300	36,130	35	15	20
Hakka	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	55	30	25	31,950	14,765	17,190	25	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	5	32,755	15,315	17,435	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	460	220	245	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	10	15	73,050	35,515	37,535	35	20	10
English and French	0	0	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	58,650	28,715	29,930	20	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,680	2,595	3,085	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	470	225	250	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,010	480	535
English	275	130	150	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	805	375	430
French	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390	5	0	5
Non-official language	50	25	25	127,600	60,835	66,760	45	20	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	50	25	25	127,540	60,810	66,730	45	20	25
English and French	5	0	5	14,755	6,925	7,835	15	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	130	60	70	306,635	148,985	157,650	130	65	65
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	7,715	3,605	4,105	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	12,395	5,820	6,575	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	470	225	250	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,010	480	535
Single responses	450	210	240	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	975	460	510
Official languages	325	150	180	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	905	425	480
English	330	150	175	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	895	425	470
French	0	0	0	7,230	3,560	3,665	10	5	10
Non-official languages	125	55	65	259,415	125,675	133,740	70	30	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	55	65	259,295	125,620	133,675	70	30	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	22,515	11,260	11,260	10	5	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	20,280	10,165	10,115	10	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	12,825	6,490	6,335	5	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,940	4,535	5,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	9,395	4,280	5,110	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	35,275	16,595	18,675	10	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	29,630	13,885	15,750	10	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	20	25	122,940	60,715	62,220	25	10	15
Albanian	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	5	14,005	6,710	7,295	15	5	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	5	13,790	6,605	7,190	15	5	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	15	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	715	335	375	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	980	470	515	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	10	79,180	39,590	39,590	0	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	10	70,335	35,225	35,110	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045	0	0	0
Hindi	5	5	5	5,510	2,770	2,740	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	40,675	20,425	20,245	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	5	12,930	6,420	6,510	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	8,825	4,360	4,475	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	6,765	3,325	3,435	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	25,440	12,340	13,100	5	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0
Spanish	5	5	5	19,825	9,605	10,215	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5	8,130	3,835	4,295	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	30	30	47,945	22,570	25,375	25	10	15
Chinese languages	60	30	30	47,025	22,110	24,915	25	10	15
Hakka	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	25	25	23,970	11,440	12,530	20	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10	21,815	10,130	11,685	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	15	10	75,555	36,865	38,685	35	20	20
English and French	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	5	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	69,995	34,230	35,770	30	10	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	470	225	250	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	1,010	480	535
None	350	170	180	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	895	415	475
English	65	30	40	104,745	51,660	53,085	25	5	15
French	5	0	5	11,450	5,290	6,160	5	5	5
Non-official language	35	15	20	127,610	60,685	66,920	80	45	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	635	285	350	5	5	0
Non-Indigenous	35	15	20	126,970	60,410	66,565	75	40	30
English and French	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	16,885	8,395	8,490	5	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	3,660	1,690	1,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	14,095	6,810	7,285	5	0	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	430	190	240	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,110	535	580
Official languages	425	180	240	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	1,110	535	575
English	425	180	240	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	1,110	535	575
French	25	15	10	103,915	47,090	56,830	40	15	20
Non-official languages	155	85	75	562,910	270,945	291,960	300	155	140
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	25	15	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	15	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	10	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	10	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	155	85	75	561,340	270,320	291,010	275	145	130
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	54,595	28,250	26,345	45	25	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	50,645	26,150	24,495	45	25	20
Amharic	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	35,250	18,505	16,750	45	25	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	20,885	9,635	11,250	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,415	8,900	10,515	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	76,815	33,930	42,890	25	15	10
Bikol	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	72,900	32,140	40,755	25	15	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	50	20	25	286,570	140,880	145,685	85	40	45
Albanian	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	37,905	17,730	20,175	15	10	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	37,610	17,610	20,005	15	10	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	10	10	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	15	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	10	10	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	10	0	10
German	10	10	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	10	0	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	10	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	143,590	72,720	70,870	20	0	15
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	128,685	65,260	63,425	15	0	10
Assamese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	0	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	45,340	22,980	22,370	15	0	10
Kacchi	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	68,525	34,920	33,610	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	31,710	16,195	15,515	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	15	80,155	38,210	41,945	30	20	15
Catalan	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10	9,805	4,810	4,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	0	60,770	28,640	32,125	20	15	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	10	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	50	30	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	25	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	25	15	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	50	35	82,875	39,220	43,660	65	30	35
Chinese languages	85	50	35	81,080	38,330	42,750	65	30	35
Hakka	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	45	30	46,460	21,635	24,825	60	30	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	42,910	20,105	22,800	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	430	190	245	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,115	535	580
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	35	15	25	53,700	25,250	28,450	65	35	30
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	35	15	25	51,520	24,220	27,300	65	30	30
First Nations (North American Indian)	35	15	25	22,470	10,235	12,230	50	25	30
Métis	0	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790	10	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	390	180	220	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	1,045	500	550
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	430	190	245	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,115	535	580
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	35	15	25	17,145	7,900	9,240	35	20	15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	390	180	220	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	1,075	515	565
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	620	...	...
Owner	125	...	...	431,680	...	...	260	...	...
Renter	65	...	...	172,945	...	...	360	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	620	...	...
Condominium	55	...	...	138,505	...	...	470	...	...
Not condominium	130	...	...	466,125	...	...	150	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	620	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	63,480	...	...	265	...	...
2 bedrooms	30	...	...	132,670	...	...	230	...	...
3 bedrooms	110	...	...	208,570	...	...	65	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	50	...	...	196,735	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	620	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	30	...	...	168,320	...	...	385	...	...
5 rooms	50	...	...	92,700	...	...	105	...	...
6 rooms	35	...	...	85,005	...	...	45	...	...
7 rooms	20	...	...	74,790	...	...	25	...	...
8 or more rooms	55	...	...	183,815	...	...	60	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.3	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	620	...	...
One person or fewer per room	190	...	...	587,240	...	...	590	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	17,390	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	620	...	...
Suitable	185	...	...	576,220	...	...	565	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	28,410	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	620	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	48,925	...	...	135	...	...
1961 to 1980	55	...	...	146,775	...	...	410	...	...
1981 to 1990	125	...	...	67,920	...	...	55	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	93,515	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	63,060	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	64,550	...	...	10	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	620	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	160	...	...	578,295	...	...	590	...	...
Major repairs needed	30	...	...	26,340	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	620	...	...
One-maintainer household	75	...	...	286,505	...	...	425	...	...
Two-maintainer household	90	...	...	282,890	...	...	170	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	25	...	...	35,230	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	620	...	...
15 to 24 years	15	...	...	15,275	...	...	15	...	...
25 to 34 years	10	...	...	95,360	...	...	115	...	...
35 to 44 years	35	...	...	132,875	...	...	95	...	...
45 to 54 years	50	...	...	121,200	...	...	105	...	...
55 to 64 years	20	...	...	114,325	...	...	135	...	...
65 to 74 years	35	...	...	78,705	...	...	90	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	34,680	...	...	50	...	...
85 years and over	15	...	...	12,200	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	190	...	...	599,605	...	...	615	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	145	...	...	466,085	...	...	345	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	45	...	...	133,520	...	...	275	...	...
30% to less than 100%	40	...	...	119,800	...	...	240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	615	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	174,520	...	...	305	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	35	...	...	121,340	...	...	220	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	22,225	...	...	25	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...	17,480	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	7,285	...	...	25	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	120	...	...	430,110	...	...	315	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	185	...	...	585,885	...	...	590	...	...
In core need	20	...	...	55,440	...	...	150	...	...
Not in core need	170	...	...	530,445	...	...	430	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	125	...	...	429,490	...	...	260	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.0	...	...	65.7	...	...	61.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	34.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	18.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	...	...	1,740	...	...	1,440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,520	...	...	1,792	...	...	1,430	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	190,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	420,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	278,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	65	...	...	172,840	...	...	360	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.5	...	...	34.5	...	...	51.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	20.2	...	...	30.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...	1,350	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,900	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,240	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	430	185	245	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	1,115	530	580
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	55	30	20
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	55	30	20
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	45	20	20
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	60	30	35	47,230	22,330	24,905	15	0	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	60	30	35	45,875	21,725	24,145	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	30	35	25,470	12,020	13,445	10	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	370	160	205	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	1,045	495	545
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	430	190	245	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,115	530	585
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	390	170	220	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	975	460	515
Canadian citizens aged under 18	70	35	40	325,765	167,940	157,820	130	80	50
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	320	140	180	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	840	375	465
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	40	15	25	174,615	83,940	90,680	140	75	65
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	430	190	245	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,115	530	585
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	285	110	175	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	865	405	455
Immigrants⁸¹	145	80	70	473,580	227,640	245,935	220	120	105
Before 1980	30	15	15	56,750	27,435	29,320	30	20	15
1980 to 1990	20	15	10	44,975	21,950	23,020	10	0	0
1991 to 2000	15	10	0	67,220	32,280	34,935	25	0	20
2001 to 2010	40	20	20	127,170	61,140	66,030	25	15	15
2011 to 2021⁸²	35	15	20	177,465	84,835	92,630	135	75	55
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	89,810	43,015	46,795	35	10	20
2016 to 2021	25	10	15	87,650	41,815	45,835	100	60	40
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	28,410	14,945	13,470	30	10	20
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	140	75	70	473,580	227,640	245,935	225	115	105
Under 5 years	0	0	0	41,205	20,985	20,220	25	20	0
5 to 14 years	30	25	0	79,795	41,370	38,425	10	0	0
15 to 24 years	30	15	15	82,830	37,905	44,930	35	15	25
25 to 44 years	55	30	25	223,080	105,885	117,190	125	65	60
45 years and over	25	10	15	46,670	21,495	25,170	30	10	15
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	140	75	70	473,580	227,640	245,935	225	115	105
Americas	10	0	0	50,280	23,315	26,970	10	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	10	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	0	0	0
Europe	30	10	15	83,855	41,815	42,040	50	25	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	10	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	10	10	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	0	15	27,675	14,575	13,095	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	0	0	0
Africa	10	10	0	55,355	27,975	27,385	65	40	25
Algeria	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	50	35	10
Somalia	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	18,410	9,205	9,210	15	10	0
Asia	100	50	45	279,930	132,545	147,390	105	45	55
Afghanistan	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	55	35	20	36,925	16,915	20,015	40	15	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	10	0	0
Taiwan	15	10	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	71,315	31,605	39,715	15	0	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0	16,350	7,325	9,030	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	61,580	30,730	30,850	20	20	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	19,425	9,810	9,615	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	22,735	10,640	12,090	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	25	10	20	87,650	41,815	45,830	100	60	35
Americas	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	10	10	0
France	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	55	40	15
Algeria	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	50	35	15
Somalia	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	25	10	15	55,100	25,850	29,250	30	15	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	14,870	7,455	7,420	15	10	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	10	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	430	190	240	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,115	535	580
First generation¹⁰⁰	145	75	65	518,345	251,010	267,335	255	125	125
Second generation¹⁰¹	45	15	30	329,675	166,505	163,165	205	95	110
Third generation or more¹⁰²	245	95	150	723,920	364,750	359,170	655	310	345
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	115	60	55	416,830	200,210	216,615	190	100	90
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	80	45	35	235,880	118,150	117,730	130	90	40
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	25	25	0	95,815	58,035	37,780	80	50	30
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	55	20	35	140,065	60,120	79,950	55	40	10
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	25	15	20	117,720	48,395	69,330	50	0	45
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	58,995	31,595	27,395	10	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	115	60	55	416,830	200,210	216,615	190	100	90
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	14,765	8,620	6,145	10	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	0	10	53,180	23,440	29,750	25	15	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	10	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	15	10	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	95	45	45	313,060	149,760	163,300	145	70	70
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	430	190	245	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,115	535	580
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	135	75	60	575,650	282,735	292,910	275	140	135
South Asian	20	0	10	154,385	78,430	75,955	35	20	15
Chinese	85	50	40	93,975	45,570	48,410	65	30	35
Black	0	0	0	76,470	38,665	37,800	65	35	30
Filipino	0	0	0	92,235	42,365	49,880	10	10	0
Arab	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	45	25	20
Latin American	0	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	28,720	13,405	15,310	20	15	10
West Asian	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	20,840	10,195	10,645	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	300	115	185	996,285	499,530	496,755	840	385	450
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	430	190	240	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,110	530	585
Canadian	0	0	0	168,075	87,325	80,750	95	50	50
English	105	40	65	276,300	136,835	139,465	200	85	115
Irish	85	35	45	202,260	98,040	104,225	185	75	115
Scottish	90	40	50	235,385	115,820	119,575	260	125	135
French, n.o.s.¹²²	50	25	25	104,160	50,935	53,225	70	35	35
German	50	20	30	197,770	97,860	99,910	130	40	90
Chinese	90	55	35	99,705	48,045	51,650	55	15	40
Italian	10	0	10	44,840	22,330	22,510	30	20	10
Indian (India)	15	10	10	77,900	39,545	38,355	15	10	0
Ukrainian	25	0	25	89,615	43,675	45,940	75	40	40
Dutch	0	0	0	53,665	26,510	27,155	45	20	25
Polish	0	0	0	53,675	25,885	27,790	40	20	20
Québécois	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	15	0	15	53,825	27,135	26,690	80	45	35
Filipino	10	0	0	86,850	40,140	46,710	15	10	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	35	20	10
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	35	15	20	15,785	7,425	8,360	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	10	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	35	10	25	28,815	14,565	14,250	35	20	20
Russian	20	10	10	36,090	16,840	19,255	25	10	15
Norwegian	10	10	0	44,865	21,320	23,545	20	10	15
Welsh	25	20	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	30	10	15
Portuguese	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0
American	10	0	10	23,975	11,565	12,415	25	10	15
Spanish	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	30	15	10
Hungarian	10	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	10	0	10
Acadian	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	20,085	10,145	9,940	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	22,750	10,685	12,065	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	15	15	0
Greek	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	25	15	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	25	15	15
Korean	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	10	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0
Danish	15	15	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	15	0	15
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	10	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	13,225	6,465	6,765	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	10	0	10
Colombian	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	10	10	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	55	30	20
Armenian	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	10	0	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	435	185	245	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,115	535	580
Buddhist	0	0	0	22,425	9,955	12,470	0	0	0
Christian	180	75	105	713,465	336,705	376,760	470	215	250
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	90	40	50	153,665	73,675	79,985	105	55	50
Anabaptist	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	35,625	16,415	19,210	25	0	25
Baptist	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	20	0	10
Catholic	45	20	25	312,410	149,290	163,120	185	90	95
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	10	10	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	15	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	25	20	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	20	0	15	51,720	22,415	29,305	50	20	25
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	15	0	10	43,375	20,405	22,970	25	10	10
Hindu	0	0	0	35,335	18,180	17,155	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0
Muslim	35	20	15	101,285	51,675	49,610	65	30	35
Sikh	0	0	0	56,230	28,325	27,905	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	210	90	125	623,560	328,795	294,765	570	285	290
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	430	190	245	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	1,105	530	575
Non-movers	395	165	225	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	895	430	465
Movers	40	20	20	209,550	104,275	105,275	210	95	115
Non-migrants	0	0	0	147,415	73,505	73,910	155	70	90
Migrants	25	15	15	62,135	30,765	31,365	50	30	20
Internal migrants	25	15	15	47,380	23,440	23,940	40	25	20
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	25	15	10
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	15	0	10
External migrants	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	425	185	240	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	1,045	485	555
Non-movers	235	110	125	863,155	429,060	434,095	500	200	300
Movers	190	75	110	619,175	307,300	311,880	540	285	255
Non-migrants	130	45	85	363,260	181,560	181,700	345	180	170
Migrants	55	30	25	255,920	125,740	130,180	195	110	85
Internal migrants	35	25	10	177,420	87,415	90,005	105	65	45
Intraprovincial migrants	20	10	10	112,590	55,855	56,735	65	40	20
Interprovincial migrants	15	15	0	64,830	31,560	33,270	45	25	20
External migrants	20	0	15	78,500	38,320	40,180	90	45	45
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	365	160	210	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	975	435	535
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	45	20	20	182,850	95,955	86,895	135	75	65
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	325	135	185	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	840	370	470
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	225	105	125	886,650	437,700	448,950	685	320	365
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20	15	0	79,025	43,715	35,310	70	50	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	215	90	120	807,620	393,985	413,640	615	275	340
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	365	155	205	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	975	440	535
No certificate, diploma or degree	40	25	20	163,710	84,360	79,350	115	65	50
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	70	40	30	339,400	169,445	169,950	300	125	180
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	250	95	155	775,265	377,350	397,915	560	250	310
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	30	60	348,595	174,345	174,250	275	145	130
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	0	0	84,805	63,760	21,050	40	35	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	29,285	16,610	12,680	20	15	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	20	20	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	75	25	45	221,065	92,585	128,480	220	100	120
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	42,725	18,000	24,720	15	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	160	65	100	426,670	203,005	223,660	285	105	180
Bachelor's degree	100	40	60	294,610	137,240	157,375	215	75	140
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	22,475	10,080	12,390	15	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	10	0	10
Master's degree	40	15	25	86,005	42,875	43,130	40	15	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	10	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	230	105	125	886,650	437,700	448,950	685	325	365
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	66,625	36,450	30,175	65	45	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	55	25	25	197,715	102,665	95,045	175	85	95
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	165	65	95	622,315	298,585	323,730	445	200	250
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	20	45	266,590	133,640	132,950	180	95	85
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	0	0	0	63,270	48,090	15,175	25	25	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	20,715	12,025	8,685	10	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	20	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	50	15	35	170,270	71,565	98,700	145	65	80
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	33,050	13,985	19,070	10	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	95	45	55	355,720	164,940	190,775	265	105	160
Bachelor's degree	55	30	20	244,340	111,530	132,810	195	75	120
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	15	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	15	0	10
Master's degree	30	10	25	74,335	35,965	38,370	35	10	25
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	10	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	370	155	205	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	975	440	535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	110	60	50	503,110	253,805	249,305	415	190	230
Education	30	10	25	46,605	10,200	36,405	35	20	15
13. Education	30	10	25	46,605	10,200	36,405	35	20	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	10	0	23,385	9,460	13,925	15	15	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	10	0	20,825	7,530	13,295	10	10	0
Humanities	20	10	10	34,000	12,365	21,635	25	0	25
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	7,415	1,915	5,495	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	11,560	4,095	7,460	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20	10	15	83,860	28,790	55,065	75	20	50
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	10	11,400	4,015	7,380	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	15,515	5,275	10,245	20	10	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	10	10	0	30,700	14,865	15,830	25	0	20
Business, management and public administration	60	10	55	177,710	75,825	101,885	145	50	100
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	55	10	45	168,935	74,160	94,770	140	50	90
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	10	39,940	20,670	19,265	20	0	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	36,465	23,975	12,485	25	15	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	20	15	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	25	10	173,505	149,155	24,355	120	95	30
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	20	0	66,620	53,075	13,545	35	15	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	0	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	40	30	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	28,060	27,225	835	20	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	22,210	21,530	675	20	20	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	11,885	11,515	375	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	15,905	7,900	8,005	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	0	35	111,080	22,865	88,215	85	20	65
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	35	98,680	16,900	81,780	85	20	65
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	0	32,595	16,030	16,565	10	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	10	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	230	105	120	886,650	437,700	448,950	685	320	360
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	65	40	25	264,340	139,115	125,220	240	125	115
Education	15	0	10	33,450	6,965	26,475	25	15	15
13. Education	15	0	10	33,450	6,965	26,475	25	15	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	15	15	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	10	10	0
Humanities	10	10	0	26,945	9,460	17,490	25	0	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,035	1,555	4,480	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	9,440	3,220	6,225	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20	10	10	69,810	23,220	46,590	65	20	40
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840	20	10	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	25,655	12,155	13,505	20	0	15
Business, management and public administration	35	15	30	145,930	61,450	84,480	110	30	80
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	35	15	30	138,835	60,195	78,640	105	30	70
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	15	10	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	31,330	20,720	10,615	15	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	15	15	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	20	10	138,260	116,630	21,630	105	70	30
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	10	0	55,310	43,055	12,260	35	15	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	0	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	40	30	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,755	21,035	720	20	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	16,875	16,295	580	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,785	8,485	305	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	0	35	88,715	18,735	69,980	60	15	45
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	35	78,745	14,010	64,730	60	15	45
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	10	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	230	105	120	886,650	437,700	448,950	685	320	360
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	65	40	25	264,340	139,115	125,220	240	125	115
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	160	60	100	622,310	298,585	323,730	445	195	250
Location of study inside Canada	120	45	75	455,590	220,680	234,910	305	125	180
Same as province or territory of residence	90	40	50	328,175	157,540	170,630	230	100	130
Different than province or territory of residence	30	0	25	127,410	63,135	64,275	75	25	45
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	40	15	20	166,725	77,905	88,820	135	70	70
Americas	15	0	0	28,670	14,305	14,360	10	0	10
United States of America	15	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040	10	0	10
Mexico	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0
Europe	10	10	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	25	15	15
Belgium	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	10	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	35	20	15
Nigeria	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	30	15	15
Algeria	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0
Asia	20	10	10	91,990	39,695	52,295	65	25	35
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	11,260	5,010	6,250	30	10	15
Taiwan	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	30,585	12,115	18,470	10	0	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	25,005	11,780	13,225	10	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	365	160	205	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	975	440	535
In the labour force	220	100	120	882,705	463,170	419,540	675	320	350
Employed	200	90	105	776,015	408,675	367,335	565	260	300
Unemployed	25	10	10	106,695	54,490	52,205	110	60	50
Not in the labour force	145	55	85	395,665	167,985	227,680	300	115	180
Participation rate	60.3	62.5	58.5	69.0	73.4	64.8	69.2	72.7	65.4
Employment rate	54.8	56.3	51.2	60.7	64.8	56.8	57.9	59.1	56.1
Unemployment rate	11.4	10.0	8.3	12.1	11.8	12.4	16.3	18.8	14.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	370	155	205	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	975	440	535
Did not work¹⁸⁶	160	55	100	422,665	183,645	239,020	310	125	185
Worked	210	105	105	855,710	447,510	408,200	670	315	350
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	85	35	55	450,195	257,535	192,655	295	135	165
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	120	65	55	405,520	189,970	215,550	370	180	190
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.2	40.8	37.6	40.7	41.5	39.8	38.2	37.2	39.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	220	105	120	882,710	463,165	419,540	680	325	350
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	15	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	220	105	115	853,695	449,150	404,550	655	310	340
Employee	160	70	90	715,140	365,090	350,050	580	255	325
Permanent position	140	70	75	600,125	311,480	288,645	500	225	280
Temporary position	15	0	15	115,020	53,615	61,405	80	35	50
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	37,760	16,790	20,970	20	10	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15	0	15	77,260	36,820	40,435	55	20	40
Self-employed¹⁹²	60	35	25	138,550	84,060	54,500	65	55	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	220	105	120	882,710	463,165	419,540	680	325	350
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	15	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	220	105	115	853,695	449,150	404,550	655	310	340
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	35	10	25	161,170	53,245	107,930	130	20	110
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35	20	15	94,565	72,340	22,225	60	40	25
3 Health occupations	20	0	20	69,305	13,810	55,490	60	20	45
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	25	0	25	92,850	30,655	62,195	85	30	55
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	0	10	24,120	10,450	13,675	15	15	0
6 Sales and service occupations	55	35	20	209,115	94,840	114,280	185	90	95
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	30	30	0	147,375	132,085	15,290	95	85	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	10	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	25,565	19,070	6,490	10	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	220	105	120	882,710	463,165	419,540	680	325	350
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	15	10
All industries¹⁹¹	220	105	115	853,695	449,150	404,550	655	310	340
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	39,750	26,465	13,290	20	10	10
22 Utilities	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	10	0	0
23 Construction	20	10	10	75,665	63,720	11,945	60	50	15
31-33 Manufacturing	10	0	0	41,545	30,255	11,295	20	15	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	15	10	0
44-45 Retail trade	25	15	10	96,885	46,555	50,330	105	45	55
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10	10	0	56,135	40,670	15,470	40	30	10
51 Information and cultural industries	15	15	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	15	10	10
52 Finance and insurance	15	0	15	30,760	13,930	16,825	20	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	20	15	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	35	20	15	96,185	55,190	40,995	65	30	30
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	37,790	21,285	16,510	30	0	25
61 Educational services	15	0	15	55,510	16,805	38,700	50	20	30
62 Health care and social assistance	25	0	25	107,190	20,475	86,720	90	15	70
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	10	10	0
72 Accommodation and food services	15	15	0	49,900	22,440	27,460	45	25	25
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	0	0	37,065	16,090	20,975	25	15	10
91 Public administration	10	0	10	31,305	16,235	15,075	15	0	15
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	245	125	120	926,320	483,455	442,860	700	330	375
English	235	120	110	878,705	460,305	418,400	685	315	365
French	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30,355	15,535	14,825	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	245	125	120	926,320	483,455	442,860	700	330	375
Single responses	245	125	120	919,325	479,835	439,490	695	325	375
Official languages	240	120	115	906,220	473,040	433,180	695	325	375
English	240	120	115	903,745	472,395	431,350	695	325	370
French	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	13,105	6,795	6,310	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	13,090	6,795	6,300	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	7,000	3,625	3,375	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5,765	3,065	2,695	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	245	125	120	926,320	483,455	442,860	700	330	375
None	235	120	110	893,045	467,350	425,695	695	320	370
English	0	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	17,585	8,825	8,760	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	17,465	8,780	8,690	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	200	90	105	776,010	408,680	367,335	565	260	295
Worked at home	70	25	40	215,520	105,290	110,230	110	35	75
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	40	25	15	113,260	83,885	29,375	80	50	30
Usual place of work	90	35	50	444,410	217,405	227,005	370	175	195
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	90	35	50	444,410	217,405	227,005	370	175	195
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	80	35	45	361,065	170,000	191,065	350	160	190
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	69,230	37,715	31,505	10	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	10	10	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	130	65	65	557,670	301,290	256,380	450	225	230
Car, truck or van	105	55	50	473,465	261,055	212,410	350	190	160
Car, truck or van - as a driver	105	55	50	441,645	249,990	191,655	340	170	160
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	31,820	11,060	20,755	20	20	0
Public transit	20	0	15	40,930	17,775	23,165	70	25	45
Walked	0	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325	20	0	15
Bicycle	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	15	0	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	130	65	65	557,670	301,290	256,380	450	225	230
Less than 15 minutes	20	10	10	128,460	58,155	70,310	95	30	60
15 to 29 minutes	65	35	30	242,460	130,855	111,610	210	115	95
30 to 44 minutes	30	15	15	125,765	75,100	50,660	90	50	40
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	10	31,050	18,505	12,545	35	20	15
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	29,930	18,665	11,265	25	10	20
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	130	65	65	557,670	301,290	256,380	450	225	230
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	37,665	27,280	10,390	10	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10	0	0	100,900	63,500	37,400	70	40	30
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	25	10	10	143,455	75,755	67,700	125	50	65
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	35	15	20	105,095	50,620	54,475	80	15	70
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	30	10	20	79,595	35,415	44,180	80	50	35
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35	20	10	90,950	48,715	42,230	90	70	20
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	90	45	45	356,225	183,250	172,980	125	65	60
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	5	25,335	12,890	12,445	15	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	45	45	330,890	170,360	160,535	110	60	50
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	70	35	30	259,535	133,590	125,945	80	40	40
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	5	18,890	9,625	9,270	15	5	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	9,575	4,670	4,910	10	5	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	5	9,315	4,955	4,360	5	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	65	30	35	240,640	123,965	116,675	70	35	35

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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