Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48061475More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			AlbertaMore information: [Province] Remove			48062260More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,161	...	...	4,262,635	...	...	834	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	4,067,175	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	4.8	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	621	...	...	1,772,670	...	...	247	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	561	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	239	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,366.3	...	...	6.7	...	...	509.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.27	...	...	634,658.27	...	...	1.64	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,165	560	600	4,262,635	2,127,935	2,134,700	835	410	425
0 to 14 years	175	90	90	809,640	415,870	393,770	170	85	85
0 to 4 years	60	35	25	250,250	128,560	121,690	55	30	25
5 to 9 years	70	35	35	278,810	142,850	135,955	60	30	25
10 to 14 years	50	20	25	280,585	144,460	136,120	55	20	35
15 to 64 years	880	420	460	2,823,770	1,416,910	1,406,865	570	280	290
15 to 19 years	60	25	30	249,765	128,745	121,015	50	20	25
20 to 24 years	85	35	55	248,740	128,595	120,150	55	30	25
25 to 29 years	120	60	65	275,465	138,510	136,955	55	30	25
30 to 34 years	125	60	70	323,260	160,175	163,085	45	20	30
35 to 39 years	90	50	40	338,945	168,390	170,560	70	35	30
40 to 44 years	125	60	70	307,665	153,715	153,955	60	35	25
45 to 49 years	80	45	40	277,770	139,705	138,065	55	30	25
50 to 54 years	55	25	30	262,770	131,650	131,120	65	25	40
55 to 59 years	70	35	40	274,150	135,825	138,325	60	30	30
60 to 64 years	60	30	30	265,240	131,600	133,640	50	25	25
65 years and over	105	50	50	629,220	295,155	334,070	95	40	50
65 to 69 years	40	25	15	217,270	106,975	110,295	35	20	20
70 to 74 years	25	10	10	163,890	79,150	84,735	25	10	15
75 to 79 years	15	5	10	105,520	49,860	55,660	15	10	5
80 to 84 years	10	0	5	70,160	31,510	38,650	15	10	5
85 years and over	15	5	10	72,375	27,660	44,720	5	5	0
85 to 89 years	10	0	5	44,670	18,540	26,130	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	5	5	0	21,430	7,545	13,890	5	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	5,480	1,405	4,075	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	795	170	625	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.0	16.1	15.0	19.0	19.5	18.4	20.4	20.7	20.0
15 to 64 years	75.5	75.0	76.7	66.2	66.6	65.9	68.3	68.3	68.2
65 years and over	9.0	8.9	8.3	14.8	13.9	15.6	11.4	9.8	11.8
85 years and over	1.3	0.9	1.7	1.7	1.3	2.1	0.6	1.2	0.0
Average age of the population	36.9	37.0	36.8	39.0	38.4	39.7	37.4	36.8	38.0
Median age of the population	35.2	35.6	34.4	38.4	37.6	38.8	37.6	37.6	37.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	560	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	240	...	...
Single-detached house	20	...	...	994,565	...	...	210	...	...
Semi-detached house	55	...	...	98,740	...	...	20	...	...
Row house	110	...	...	127,735	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10	...	...	43,730	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	320	...	...	247,030	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	40	...	...	74,880	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	1,215	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	45,325	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	560	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	235	...	...
1 person	230	...	...	424,055	...	...	25	...	...
2 persons	180	...	...	551,420	...	...	60	...	...
3 persons	80	...	...	249,135	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	243,400	...	...	55	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	165,215	...	...	55	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,155	560	590	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	835	410	425
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	985	475	510	3,452,995	1,712,065	1,740,925	665	320	345
Married or living common-law	430	210	220	2,033,945	1,018,425	1,015,520	390	195	190
Married	290	145	150	1,703,285	852,950	850,335	350	175	175
Living common-law	140	65	70	330,655	165,475	165,180	40	20	20
Living common law - Never married	120	60	60	245,650	123,625	122,030	30	10	15
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	12,835	6,745	6,090	5	0	5
Living common law - Divorced	15	5	10	65,955	32,580	33,375	5	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	6,210	2,520	3,690	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	550	260	295	1,419,050	693,640	725,410	280	130	150
Not married and not living common law - Never married	385	200	180	969,780	535,715	434,065	205	105	100
Not married and not living common law - Separated	30	15	15	83,350	36,440	46,910	15	5	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	115	45	75	214,460	87,950	126,505	30	15	20
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	5	20	151,455	33,530	117,925	25	5	20
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	280	...	...	1,164,655	...	...	225	...	...
2 persons	155	...	...	565,900	...	...	75	...	...
3 persons	70	...	...	240,980	...	...	60	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	238,600	...	...	60	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	119,170	...	...	30	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	285	...	...	1,164,650	...	...	225	...	...
Total couple families	205	...	...	987,465	...	...	185	...	...
Married couples	135	...	...	822,175	...	...	170	...	...
With children⁶	75	...	...	464,975	...	...	120	...	...
Without children	65	...	...	357,200	...	...	50	...	...
Common-law couples	70	...	...	165,290	...	...	20	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	60,705	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	104,580	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	75	...	...	177,190	...	...	40	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	65	...	...	135,065	...	...	35	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	42,125	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,155	560	590	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	835	410	430
Total - Persons in census families	780	360	420	3,456,645	1,720,145	1,736,505	730	355	375
Married spouses or common-law partners	420	210	210	1,974,930	986,995	987,935	370	185	185
Parents in one-parent families	75	5	65	177,185	42,120	135,060	40	5	35
Children⁶	290	145	145	1,304,525	691,020	613,500	320	165	155
In a two-parent family	170	90	80	1,022,235	538,215	484,020	250	130	120
In a one-parent family	120	55	60	282,290	152,810	129,485	70	35	35
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	375	200	170	721,070	368,045	353,030	100	55	50
Living alone	230	125	105	424,055	207,075	216,980	25	10	15
Living with other relatives⁷	30	10	20	108,100	49,205	58,900	45	10	30
Living with non-relatives only	115	70	50	188,915	111,760	77,155	35	30	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	560	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	240	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	245	...	...	1,008,210	...	...	150	...	...
Couple-family households	185	...	...	876,085	...	...	130	...	...
With children⁶	90	...	...	465,405	...	...	95	...	...
Without children	95	...	...	410,680	...	...	35	...	...
One-parent-family households	65	...	...	132,125	...	...	25	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	47,450	...	...	25	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	25	...	...	60,780	...	...	20	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	55	...	...	82,150	...	...	15	...	...
One-person households	230	...	...	424,055	...	...	25	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	980	470	505	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	665	325	345
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	935	455	485	3,213,495	1,597,075	1,616,420	635	305	325
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,000	34,800	44,800	53,200	38,400	35,200	40,400	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	935	455	485	3,215,290	1,598,045	1,617,250	635	305	325
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,000	32,400	40,400	46,800	35,200	32,000	36,000	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	825	400	420	2,899,265	1,472,130	1,427,140	535	270	265
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	35,200	25,400	40,000	50,400	31,200	32,000	40,000	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	745	365	380	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	470	235	235
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	35,600	25,400	41,600	51,600	33,600	34,400	42,000	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	840	410	435	2,818,115	1,377,385	1,440,730	585	270	310
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	7,300	9,700	8,300	6,120	9,700	9,000	6,080	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	145	75	70	373,185	184,280	188,900	85	40	45
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	6,000	5,680	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,480	4,560	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	420	195	220	978,925	473,610	505,320	265	125	145
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,500	9,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	905	435	470	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	645	325	320
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	865	430	445	3,212,650	1,596,250	1,616,400	625	315	305
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	47,000	40,200	60,850	72,700	49,160	44,200	45,600	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	870	435	445	3,214,490	1,597,255	1,617,235	625	315	305
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,900	40,200	35,800	50,200	58,400	42,120	39,200	40,000	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	750	370	385	2,900,200	1,472,350	1,427,850	515	265	255
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,300	44,200	34,600	57,300	70,100	44,040	40,200	44,400	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	690	350	340	2,426,940	1,262,995	1,163,950	460	235	225
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,700	44,200	35,200	56,350	67,800	43,920	41,800	47,200	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	810	395	420	2,817,280	1,376,575	1,440,710	570	285	285
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,080	9,360	10,720	10,440	9,300	11,520	11,800	9,300	14,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	130	75	60	371,975	183,715	188,265	95	30	60
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,400	7,400	5,000	7,090	6,720	7,450	6,500	3,600	8,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	410	215	200	972,130	470,475	501,650	290	140	155
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,880	8,900	8,900	9,170	9,030	9,290	8,800	8,600	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	905	435	470	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	650	325	320
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	285	155	135	1,120,075	641,305	478,775	240	135	105
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	59,200	48,400	70,500	78,500	62,000	50,800	60,800	49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,200	63,000	55,000	85,200	96,300	70,400	57,600	63,000	50,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	300	150	155	993,770	466,385	527,385	130	55	70
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	23,600	20,200	21,600	26,200	18,400	12,800	11,300	12,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	30,800	21,600	34,280	42,280	27,160	26,000	25,000	27,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.4	82.0	74.5	85.0	89.0	79.2	75.5	82.0	69.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.8	77.0	68.0	70.0	73.8	64.4	70.0	77.0	63.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.6	18.4	25.2	15.0	11.0	20.9	24.6	18.4	31.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.8	1.6	1.4	1.1	1.8	2.2	0.8	3.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	10.6	10.2	11.0	5.1	4.0	6.7	10.3	8.8	12.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	9.7	9.6	9.8	4.6	3.7	5.9	9.2	8.4	10.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	975	475	505	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	665	320	345
Without total income	45	20	20	161,620	78,885	82,730	30	15	15
With total income	935	450	480	3,213,490	1,597,075	1,616,415	630	305	330
Under $10,000 (including loss)	80	35	45	271,260	111,180	160,085	65	25	35
$10,000 to $19,999	85	40	45	307,390	122,515	184,880	80	40	35
$20,000 to $29,999	170	65	105	483,175	210,085	273,090	125	50	75
$30,000 to $39,999	165	85	85	384,115	161,270	222,840	95	35	60
$40,000 to $49,999	130	65	65	332,120	148,870	183,245	75	30	45
$50,000 to $59,999	80	35	45	277,960	132,620	145,340	55	35	20
$60,000 to $69,999	65	45	20	232,840	119,260	113,580	50	30	20
$70,000 to $79,999	45	20	25	187,305	105,100	82,205	40	20	15
$80,000 to $89,999	40	20	15	146,920	87,190	59,725	10	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	25	15	10	124,520	73,960	50,560	20	10	10
$100,000 and over	50	25	25	465,885	325,025	140,860	25	20	10
$100,000 to $149,999	35	20	15	291,955	191,190	100,765	30	15	10
$150,000 and over	15	10	5	173,935	133,835	40,100	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	975	475	505	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	665	320	345
Without after-tax income	40	15	20	159,820	77,915	81,900	30	15	15
With after-tax income	940	455	485	3,215,295	1,598,045	1,617,245	630	305	330
Under $10,000 (including loss)	85	35	45	282,760	115,430	167,325	65	25	35
$10,000 to $19,999	90	40	50	320,525	128,425	192,100	85	40	40
$20,000 to $29,999	205	85	115	545,450	237,370	308,080	145	60	85
$30,000 to $39,999	195	100	90	449,440	194,945	254,500	110	40	65
$40,000 to $49,999	125	65	65	388,170	182,160	206,010	90	50	40
$50,000 to $59,999	90	55	35	314,650	160,140	154,510	60	35	25
$60,000 to $69,999	60	25	30	240,015	135,075	104,940	40	25	10
$70,000 to $79,999	40	25	10	178,580	106,080	72,495	20	10	5
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	15	138,170	82,415	55,755	15	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	0	92,045	59,450	32,595	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	20	10	10	265,490	196,560	68,930	10	10	0
$100,000 to $124,999	5	0	5	121,505	85,805	35,705	10	10	0
$125,000 and over	10	5	5	143,985	110,760	33,225	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	975	475	505	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	665	320	345
Without employment income	235	105	130	948,210	413,405	534,805	195	85	110
With employment income	745	365	375	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	470	240	230
Under $5,000 (including loss)	100	35	65	305,715	142,525	163,185	50	25	25
$5,000 to $9,999	55	20	35	186,575	78,780	107,795	40	10	30
$10,000 to $19,999	110	50	65	270,795	116,950	153,845	70	30	40
$20,000 to $29,999	100	45	55	212,530	93,955	118,575	50	20	30
$30,000 to $39,999	80	45	35	202,095	92,015	110,080	55	20	35
$40,000 to $49,999	75	40	35	193,315	92,690	100,625	50	20	25
$50,000 to $59,999	45	30	20	181,745	89,815	91,930	45	25	20
$60,000 to $69,999	60	35	20	161,830	85,450	76,375	45	30	15
$70,000 to $79,999	35	15	25	133,940	78,540	55,400	25	15	5
$80,000 to $89,999	30	15	10	110,580	67,335	43,240	10	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	101,430	59,855	41,575	10	10	5
$100,000 and over	35	20	15	366,350	264,635	101,720	20	10	5
$100,000 to $124,999	30	15	15	158,925	103,055	55,870	10	10	0
$125,000 and over	10	5	5	207,430	161,580	45,850	5	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	980	470	505	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	665	325	345
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	905	440	465	3,147,180	1,561,420	1,585,760	620	300	320
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,800	32,400	44,400	54,800	36,400	32,800	36,800	29,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	905	440	465	3,148,375	1,561,645	1,586,735	620	300	320
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,200	30,000	39,600	47,600	33,600	30,000	33,600	28,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	815	405	410	2,869,935	1,456,690	1,413,250	515	260	255
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,000	31,400	43,200	54,000	34,400	35,200	40,400	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	745	375	375	2,438,175	1,267,255	1,170,925	470	240	230
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,000	31,200	44,400	55,200	36,000	35,200	40,400	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	785	385	400	2,675,790	1,312,270	1,363,520	560	265	295
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,050	1,040	1,700	1,620	1,010	4,080	1,480	990	3,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	80	50	30	245,140	118,390	126,750	60	25	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	6,800	4,400	6,240	5,640	7,050	6,800	8,700	3,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	905	435	470	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	645	325	320
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	855	415	430	3,146,890	1,560,995	1,585,890	620	310	315
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,600	47,200	38,200	60,750	74,200	47,560	41,000	43,200	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	855	415	430	3,147,975	1,561,230	1,586,750	620	310	315
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,900	40,200	33,800	49,720	59,050	40,520	36,200	38,400	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	780	395	385	2,871,550	1,456,805	1,414,740	505	260	250
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,800	46,400	37,000	60,350	74,400	45,840	43,600	47,200	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	720	375	350	2,438,445	1,267,615	1,170,835	470	240	225
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,700	47,400	37,600	59,450	72,000	45,800	44,000	48,000	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	740	360	380	2,676,295	1,312,765	1,363,530	555	265	285
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,900	4,000	5,760	6,720	5,635	7,770	6,200	4,440	7,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70	45	20	244,330	117,410	126,920	55	15	45
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400	6,800	6,000	7,990	7,020	8,900	6,400	7,000	6,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	905	435	470	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	650	325	320
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	285	155	135	1,111,760	636,785	474,975	235	135	95
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	62,000	48,800	68,500	77,500	58,800	50,400	63,200	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,000	64,000	52,000	83,800	95,700	67,800	58,000	64,000	50,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	290	140	150	941,295	443,225	498,070	115	50	70
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,400	30,200	28,400	30,000	37,200	25,400	27,200	28,800	27,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,800	41,000	28,800	43,280	54,050	33,720	34,000	32,000	35,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.0	93.0	87.0	90.6	93.6	86.0	87.0	92.0	82.0
Employment income (%)	84.8	89.0	80.0	75.8	78.8	71.0	81.0	86.0	75.0
Government transfers (%)	10.0	7.3	13.3	9.4	6.4	14.0	13.4	8.8	18.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.6	0.6	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.4	0.6	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	560	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	235	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	83,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	230	...	...	424,055	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	48,000	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...	51,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	330	...	...	1,209,165	...	...	215	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	525	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	240	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	119,700	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,000	...	...	98,800	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	230	...	...	424,120	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...	62,050	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	51,400	...	...	50,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	295	...	...	1,209,100	...	...	220	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	115,500	...	...	107,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	560	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	240	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	16,810	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	8,310	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	12,525	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	17,725	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	49,050	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	52,025	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	30	...	...	41,490	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	35	...	...	48,190	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30	...	...	52,710	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	30	...	...	51,200	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	50	...	...	104,130	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	65	...	...	106,340	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	45	...	...	104,230	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	50	...	...	98,820	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	40	...	...	93,990	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	120	...	...	775,675	...	...	120	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	70	...	...	204,960	...	...	45	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	156,945	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	25	...	...	200,675	...	...	35	...	...
$200,000 and over	15	...	...	213,100	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	560	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	240	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	18,920	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	8,620	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	12,950	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	18,925	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	52,455	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	40	...	...	58,000	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	30	...	...	48,620	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	35	...	...	56,195	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	40	...	...	62,115	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	30	...	...	60,880	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	60	...	...	126,900	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	70	...	...	127,780	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	60	...	...	122,795	...	...	30	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	40	...	...	117,335	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	30	...	...	106,445	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	75	...	...	634,290	...	...	90	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	35	...	...	214,810	...	...	40	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	149,640	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 and over	20	...	...	269,845	...	...	25	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	285	...	...	1,150,150	...	...	205	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	115,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	100	...	...	423,245	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	95	...	...	527,475	...	...	130	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	75	...	...	162,425	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	72,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	66,000	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	345	190	150	612,970	318,840	294,130	65	40	20
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	40,800	41,200	43,600	46,400	40,800	46,000	43,200	48,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	36,800	38,000	39,200	41,200	37,200	41,200	39,600	41,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	245	...	...	1,149,555	...	...	215	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	115,100	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	423,255	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	128,400	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	120	...	...	528,270	...	...	145	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	167,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	136,200	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	161,495	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	85,100	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	74,800	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	355	180	175	612,950	318,115	294,835	50	45	0
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,400	46,000	50,800	56,550	60,100	52,750	46,000	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,400	39,600	43,600	47,360	49,600	44,960	40,000	x	x
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,155	560	590	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,535	835	410	425
0 to 17 years	210	100	105	953,865	490,345	463,520	190	95	95
0 to 5 years	80	40	35	302,980	155,160	147,820	60	35	25
18 to 64 years	835	405	430	2,638,940	1,317,995	1,320,945	550	270	280
65 years and over	100	50	55	584,915	279,845	305,065	95	40	50
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	215	95	120	382,820	182,970	199,855	80	35	45
0 to 17 years	70	35	35	107,130	54,765	52,370	30	15	15
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	36,250	18,465	17,790	10	0	10
18 to 64 years	125	50	75	213,795	103,030	110,765	40	20	25
65 years and over	15	5	10	61,890	25,180	36,720	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.4	16.8	20.0	9.2	8.8	9.6	9.6	9.0	10.4
0 to 17 years (%)	33.0	34.0	34.0	11.2	11.2	11.3	15.0	14.0	16.0
0 to 5 years (%)	44.0	45.0	45.0	12.0	11.9	12.0	16.0	12.0	25.0
18 to 64 years (%)	14.8	12.4	17.0	8.1	7.8	8.4	7.6	7.0	8.5
65 years and over (%)	18.0	16.0	16.0	10.6	9.0	12.0	10.0	12.0	10.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,155	560	595	4,132,995	2,065,555	2,067,435	835	410	430
0 to 17 years	215	105	110	936,965	481,700	455,265	195	100	95
0 to 5 years	80	40	40	298,005	152,625	145,380	60	35	25
18 to 64 years	840	410	435	2,614,300	1,305,610	1,308,690	550	265	280
65 years and over	105	50	50	581,730	278,250	303,475	90	45	55
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	140	70	70	187,885	96,630	91,255	45	25	20
0 to 17 years	50	20	25	43,110	21,925	21,180	20	10	10
0 to 5 years	20	5	10	13,945	7,045	6,900	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	80	40	45	130,620	68,100	62,525	25	15	10
65 years and over	10	5	5	14,155	6,605	7,550	5	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.8	11.6	12.0	4.6	4.7	4.4	5.6	6.4	4.8
0 to 17 years (%)	22.0	22.0	22.0	4.6	4.6	4.7	9.0	10.0	x
0 to 5 years (%)	26.0	20.0	36.0	4.7	4.6	4.8	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8	9.5	10.0	5.0	5.2	4.8	4.4	5.0	3.6
65 years and over (%)	8.0	10.0	x	2.4	2.4	2.5	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,155	560	590	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	835	410	425
In bottom half of the distribution	810	385	420	1,894,410	924,245	970,165	460	225	235
In bottom decile	210	100	110	345,410	172,330	173,080	70	40	30
In second decile	180	95	85	385,215	179,975	205,240	75	40	35
In third decile	185	85	100	380,170	184,770	195,400	110	50	60
In fourth decile	135	60	75	386,560	190,330	196,235	105	55	50
In fifth decile	100	50	55	397,055	196,830	200,215	105	50	55
In top half of the distribution	350	175	175	2,283,310	1,163,940	1,119,365	375	180	195
In sixth decile	110	60	50	406,615	204,040	202,575	120	60	55
In seventh decile	60	25	35	420,810	212,460	208,350	70	30	45
In eighth decile	65	40	30	440,225	223,690	216,535	100	45	50
In ninth decile	80	40	45	470,850	240,765	230,085	55	25	25
In top decile	30	15	15	544,810	282,985	261,825	30	15	20
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,155	...	...	4,177,720	...	...	835	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.315	...	...	0.350	...	...	0.250	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.460	...	...	0.450	...	...	0.369	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.284	...	...	0.307	...	...	0.228	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,155	560	595	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	835	405	430
English only	1,050	510	540	3,894,690	1,960,785	1,933,905	760	375	380
French only	5	5	0	3,105	1,330	1,780	0	0	0
English and French	80	40	40	258,330	119,725	138,605	15	5	10
Neither English nor French	20	10	10	65,705	26,945	38,760	60	25	35
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,155	560	595	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	835	405	430
English	1,115	535	580	4,078,135	2,042,220	2,035,915	770	380	390
French	25	15	15	64,440	32,960	31,485	0	0	0
English and French	5	0	5	15,525	7,680	7,840	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	10	10	0	63,735	25,925	37,810	60	25	35
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,155	560	595	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	835	405	430
Single responses	1,050	505	540	4,055,375	2,028,210	2,027,165	740	360	380
Official languages	720	365	360	3,148,690	1,591,780	1,556,910	350	180	170
English	700	350	350	3,083,840	1,558,570	1,525,265	350	180	170
French	20	15	10	64,855	33,210	31,645	5	0	0
Non-official languages	330	150	185	906,680	436,430	470,250	390	185	205
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	17,200	8,165	9,035	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	15,155	7,265	7,890	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,470	1,160	1,315	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,370	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,365	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	1,590	705	890	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	1,305	650	655	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	9,255	4,495	4,760	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	385	180	205	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,345	610	735	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,335	605	725	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,075	495	585	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	145	40	100	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	115	35	80	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	445	205	235	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	360	175	180	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	330	145	180	889,485	428,270	461,215	390	185	205
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	25	82,270	42,330	39,935	25	10	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	335	185	150	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	95	60	30	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	14,995	7,485	7,515	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	650	345	300	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	3,485	1,780	1,705	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10,750	5,280	5,470	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	20	20	66,720	34,555	32,165	25	10	15
Amharic	5	5	0	8,165	3,925	4,245	15	5	5
Arabic	20	10	10	46,425	24,385	22,045	10	0	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	835	405	430	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	445	225	220	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	215	105	110	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	5	885	455	425	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	10,065	5,210	4,855	5	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	50	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	25,655	11,520	14,135	80	35	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,775	800	975	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	23,705	10,615	13,090	80	35	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	175	100	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	90	40	55	131,755	58,110	73,640	75	35	40
Bikol	0	0	0	535	235	295	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,265	985	1,285	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	5,210	2,300	2,910	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	2,370	1,005	1,370	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5	7,440	3,325	4,110	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,275	510	765	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	370	155	220	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	165	80	90	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,275	620	650	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	515	235	280	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	35	50	108,395	47,810	60,590	65	30	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	415	195	225	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,075	475	605	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	1,745	875	875	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	270	130	140	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	420	215	210	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	10	17,170	8,845	8,330	5	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	585	295	295	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5	8,785	4,450	4,330	5	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0	4,950	2,610	2,340	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,715	1,425	1,295	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	200	110	90	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	100	55	50	454,815	224,310	230,505	155	80	80
Albanian	0	0	0	2,345	1,250	1,100	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	15	70,185	32,420	37,760	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	885	405	475	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	365	165	205	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	515	240	275	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	15	15	69,305	32,020	37,285	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	1,300	640	660	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,700	1,265	1,435	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	365	185	185	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	0	17,540	8,130	9,410	0	0	0
Russian	5	5	5	17,735	7,850	9,890	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	10,350	5,085	5,270	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,860	905	960	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	4,260	2,105	2,155	0	0	0
Serbian	5	0	0	4,040	1,975	2,065	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	100	90	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,865	910	950	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	555	245	305	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	16,750	7,630	9,125	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	295	165	130	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	75	45	25	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	20	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	145	75	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	93,145	45,830	47,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	5	60,990	29,660	31,325	0	0	0
German	5	0	5	59,835	29,055	30,775	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,045	550	495	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	28,670	14,425	14,245	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	3,150	1,555	1,595	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	13,140	6,605	6,535	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,060	1,545	1,510	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	8,815	4,455	4,355	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	245	120	125	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,540	1,615	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	1,850	945	910	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	525	245	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	680	310	370	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,820	1,430	1,385	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	20	15	197,415	100,095	97,320	125	65	65
Indo-Aryan languages	30	20	15	176,130	89,315	86,820	110	55	55
Assamese	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5	7,735	3,900	3,835	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	5	5	15,330	7,920	7,415	5	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	18,815	9,525	9,285	15	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,625	720	905	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	345	170	180	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	1,910	970	935	0	0	0
Nepali	10	5	5	5,900	3,035	2,865	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	185	100	90	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	91,070	46,205	44,870	75	40	40
Rohingya	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	345	340	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	2,700	1,380	1,325	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	28,635	14,425	14,210	10	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	945	495	445	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	21,225	10,750	10,470	15	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,010	1,035	975	15	10	10
Parsi	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,960	1,505	1,460	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	5	16,065	8,115	7,955	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	5,005	2,490	2,515	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	5	9,030	4,585	4,445	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,035	1,040	995	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	15	15	88,045	42,845	45,205	20	5	15
Catalan	0	0	0	70	30	45	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	9,505	4,745	4,755	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	9,910	4,750	5,165	0	0	0
Romanian	5	5	0	7,425	3,635	3,790	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	15	61,090	29,655	31,435	20	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,575	1,550	3,025	0	0	0
Korean	30	10	20	19,240	8,935	10,305	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	565	255	310	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	16,500	8,265	8,235	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,660	855	800	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	245	125	115	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	225	125	95	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	1,380	725	650	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,135	550	585	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	200	100	95	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	390	190	205	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	655	305	350	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	1,105	530	580	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	150	50	100	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	2,455	1,165	1,290	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	265	145	115	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	3,205	1,710	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,265	1,090	1,170	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	2,450	1,275	1,175	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	1,040	575	470	0	0	0
Nuer	5	0	5	625	290	335	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	650	340	310	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	695	370	330	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	118,025	54,995	63,030	45	20	25
Chinese languages	25	10	15	115,870	53,935	61,940	45	20	25
Hakka	0	0	0	880	405	470	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	10	54,135	25,165	28,970	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,400	1,040	1,360	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	440	215	225	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	5	56,280	26,280	30,005	35	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,605	760	845	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	2,055	1,015	1,040	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	415	205	215	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	725	365	355	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	585	290	290	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	670	335	335	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	3,040	1,110	1,935	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	950	460	490	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	2,010	620	1,390	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	4,335	2,360	1,975	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	440	235	200	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,290	1,825	1,460	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	240	130	110	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	65	75	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	6,120	2,890	3,230	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	700	285	415	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5	5,255	2,530	2,725	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	85	80	0	0	0
Multiple responses	105	50	50	166,455	80,575	85,890	90	50	45
English and French	10	5	10	17,600	8,520	9,085	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	75	40	40	131,195	63,735	67,465	80	40	40
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	3,125	1,535	1,590	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,425	1,160	1,270	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	12,105	5,625	6,480	10	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,155	560	595	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	835	405	430
English	745	375	370	3,183,975	1,606,395	1,577,580	330	170	160
French	5	5	0	15,490	7,660	7,835	0	0	0
Non-official language	145	65	80	272,985	131,515	141,475	160	70	85
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	3,700	1,890	1,805	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	145	65	80	269,280	129,620	139,665	160	70	85
English and French	10	5	5	41,100	19,580	21,515	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	220	100	115	664,935	323,185	341,750	325	160	165
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,590	725	865	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	17,280	8,175	9,105	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	24,475	11,545	12,930	20	10	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,155	560	595	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	835	405	430
Single responses	1,090	530	565	4,054,960	2,027,555	2,027,400	750	375	380
Official languages	855	430	430	3,504,300	1,758,870	1,745,425	430	220	205
English	850	420	425	3,481,545	1,747,645	1,733,895	430	220	205
French	10	5	0	22,755	11,225	11,530	0	0	0
Non-official languages	235	100	135	550,665	268,690	281,975	325	150	170
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	7,175	3,615	3,565	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	6,355	3,210	3,140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	965	490	475	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	475	235	240	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	290	150	145	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,510	2,275	2,230	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	685	345	340	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	680	340	340	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	585	300	290	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	235	100	135	543,490	265,075	278,415	325	150	170
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15	52,375	26,290	26,085	20	5	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	165	85	80	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10,170	5,010	5,155	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	2,580	1,305	1,270	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	7,045	3,425	3,620	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	15	10	41,920	21,120	20,800	20	5	10
Amharic	5	5	0	5,025	2,385	2,635	10	0	0
Arabic	15	5	5	28,040	14,195	13,840	5	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	630	310	325	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	310	155	160	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	415	215	200	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	7,600	3,905	3,700	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	35	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	17,075	7,795	9,285	75	30	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	975	430	545	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	15,945	7,280	8,670	75	30	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	155	90	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	65	30	35	82,190	38,845	43,345	50	25	30
Bikol	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,250	595	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,990	1,435	1,555	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,290	610	680	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	4,450	2,075	2,375	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	435	215	220	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	210	95	120	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	65	30	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	700	330	370	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	30	35	69,570	32,865	36,705	45	20	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	1,010	485	525	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	235	115	115	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	205	105	100	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	11,840	5,985	5,855	5	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0	305	150	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5	6,270	3,150	3,120	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	3,480	1,790	1,690	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,705	860	845	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	130	75	60	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	50	25	25	265,460	131,850	133,610	135	65	70
Albanian	0	0	0	1,040	550	490	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	245	115	125	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	5	28,760	13,815	14,945	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	345	175	170	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	205	105	105	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	5	5	28,415	13,640	14,775	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	595	290	305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	765	365	400	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	6,810	3,230	3,575	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	5	10,885	5,205	5,680	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,370	2,105	2,265	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,525	740	785	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,055	990	1,065	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	585	285	295	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	105	50	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,080	1,990	2,090	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	40,925	20,195	20,730	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	29,275	14,360	14,920	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	29,025	14,235	14,790	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	11,310	5,675	5,630	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,720	850	870	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,520	725	800	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,280	1,170	1,115	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5,620	2,850	2,770	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	130	55	75	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	935	430	505	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	10	146,225	73,640	72,580	115	55	60
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	10	132,370	66,780	65,590	105	50	55
Assamese	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	5	5,085	2,505	2,580	5	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5	10,620	5,435	5,185	5	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	12,295	6,225	6,075	15	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0	830	345	480	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	1,145	570	570	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0	4,280	2,200	2,080	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	75,180	38,085	37,090	70	35	30
Rohingya	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	405	205	200	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,595	790	805	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	20,080	9,990	10,085	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	13,835	6,850	6,980	10	5	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,310	655	660	10	5	10
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,920	960	960	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10,495	5,190	5,310	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	2,990	1,435	1,560	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,150	3,065	3,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	47,235	23,055	24,180	20	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	2,140	915	1,220	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,585	2,230	2,355	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	3,525	1,745	1,775	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	10	36,925	18,135	18,790	20	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,195	920	1,275	0	0	0
Korean	30	15	20	14,510	6,915	7,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	360	165	200	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,470	3,055	3,415	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	750	370	380	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	445	215	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	565	255	315	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	330	160	175	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	375	180	195	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	1,100	505	595	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	175	100	80	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	670	300	375	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	1,265	640	625	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	560	310	245	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	280	135	145	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,325	765	560	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,065	610	455	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	150	105	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	81,325	38,350	42,970	40	15	20
Chinese languages	25	10	15	79,775	37,570	42,200	40	15	20
Hakka	0	0	0	310	125	180	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	40,005	19,245	20,765	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	985	405	575	5	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	265	130	140	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	37,205	17,195	20,010	30	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	965	455	505	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,505	765	745	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	250	125	125	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	565	280	280	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	460	230	225	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	510	265	245	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,410	655	755	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	430	205	230	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	930	430	495	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	2,685	1,405	1,285	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	235	115	120	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,180	1,145	1,035	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	1,805	860	945	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	110	55	50	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	0	1,675	795	880	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	65	35	30	166,875	81,225	85,650	85	35	50
English and French	10	0	5	8,010	3,875	4,130	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	152,980	74,600	78,375	80	35	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	770	345	430	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,755	845	915	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	3,355	1,560	1,795	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,155	560	590	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	835	410	425
None	945	465	475	3,610,710	1,812,855	1,797,850	545	260	280
English	65	30	35	224,860	111,370	113,495	125	60	70
French	10	5	0	30,900	14,530	16,375	0	5	0
Non-official language	105	45	60	279,795	133,050	146,750	125	65	60
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	10,470	4,835	5,630	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	95	40	60	269,325	128,210	141,115	125	65	60
English and French	0	0	0	2,825	1,370	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	34,750	17,340	17,410	25	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	7,875	3,655	4,220	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	565	295	275	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	29,550	14,325	15,225	5	0	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,085	530	555	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	815	400	415
Official languages	1,045	515	530	4,113,035	2,061,660	2,051,375	780	380	390
English	1,040	515	525	4,109,720	2,060,230	2,049,495	780	380	390
French	65	30	35	260,415	119,860	140,560	10	0	10
Non-official languages	480	215	260	1,215,795	587,465	628,325	475	240	235
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	32,910	15,640	17,275	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	29,220	13,945	15,275	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	6,605	3,085	3,515	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	22,000	10,590	11,410	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	21,980	10,585	11,395	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	190	100	90	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	4,265	1,840	2,425	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	2,155	1,060	1,100	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15,405	7,600	7,800	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,050	480	570	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	1,020	470	555	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	635	290	345	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,510	1,145	1,365	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,490	1,140	1,350	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,760	840	920	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	395	165	230	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	285	120	165	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	125	45	80	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	160	55	100	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	10	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	1,155	580	580	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	200	105	95	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	890	455	430	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	35	65	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	480	215	260	1,183,510	572,060	611,450	475	240	235
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	10	25	123,440	63,820	59,620	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	630	370	260	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	180	135	45	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	40	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	845	500	345	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	810	470	335	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	35	30	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	20,915	10,520	10,385	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	810	415	385	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5,390	2,775	2,610	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	14,865	7,395	7,475	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	20	105,580	54,910	50,670	0	0	0
Amharic	10	0	10	15,775	8,070	7,700	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	76,760	40,430	36,335	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	1,125	625	495	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	435	255	190	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	235	125	105	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,710	1,935	1,770	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	15,380	7,855	7,515	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	420	285	130	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	35,940	16,645	19,295	110	55	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,685	1,275	1,410	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	33,020	15,240	17,785	110	55	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	390	225	165	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	130	55	75	181,630	80,370	101,260	120	50	65
Bikol	0	0	0	1,140	605	535	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,010	1,285	1,720	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	8,560	3,850	4,710	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	330	170	165	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	3,750	1,590	2,160	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	13,710	5,825	7,885	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	2,410	1,045	1,355	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	615	230	380	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	175	95	80	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	1,705	805	900	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	2,670	1,210	1,465	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	1,215	560	660	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	55	70	172,625	76,255	96,375	120	50	65
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	1,015	460	550	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,045	2,295	2,750	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	5,360	2,730	2,630	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	1,435	765	670	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	480	210	275	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	530	260	270	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	30	25	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,250	670	585	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,160	580	580	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	15	0	25,790	13,240	12,545	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	1,785	915	870	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	12,090	6,195	5,890	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,105	5,340	4,760	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	5,040	2,575	2,465	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	145	85	65	607,625	300,360	307,265	200	105	95
Albanian	0	0	0	3,130	1,730	1,405	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	795	440	355	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	35	20	88,305	41,660	46,640	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	975	425	545	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	330	130	195	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	650	300	350	0	0	0
Slavic languages	50	35	20	87,775	41,425	46,350	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	280	120	165	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	1,680	800	880	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	3,880	1,930	1,950	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	635	295	345	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	0	22,385	10,655	11,730	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0	29,760	14,030	15,725	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	40	35	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	13,860	6,820	7,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,470	1,675	1,795	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,945	3,440	3,510	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	6,415	3,155	3,260	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	2,540	1,165	1,375	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	770	335	440	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	23,340	10,625	12,715	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	107,065	53,150	53,915	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	385	175	210	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	66,405	33,105	33,300	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	65,370	32,550	32,820	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,585	785	800	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	215	135	85	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	38,720	19,390	19,320	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5,940	3,005	2,935	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	17,170	8,515	8,655	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,055	2,030	2,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	290	150	140	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	11,395	5,810	5,590	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	370	180	195	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	5,305	2,545	2,760	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,525	1,295	1,225	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	135	45	85	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	1,235	555	680	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,620	760	855	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	4,645	2,365	2,280	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	30	25	266,095	135,440	130,660	150	80	70
Indo-Aryan languages	60	30	25	242,500	123,495	119,005	150	80	70
Assamese	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,675	5,385	5,285	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	24,780	12,630	12,150	0	0	0
Hindi	40	15	25	94,015	48,065	45,945	90	60	30
Kacchi	0	0	0	3,495	1,550	1,945	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	860	430	425	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	4,030	2,080	1,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	6,995	3,620	3,370	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	245	115	135	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	126,385	64,695	61,690	130	75	55
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	1,380	755	620	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	3,960	1,950	2,010	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	51,540	26,420	25,125	30	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,155	970	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	27,205	13,830	13,380	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	95	60	35	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,510	1,335	1,180	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	4,550	2,335	2,220	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	20,940	10,630	10,310	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	7,385	3,640	3,745	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	11,130	5,755	5,370	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,710	1,390	1,320	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	105	100	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	185	130	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	25	15	154,035	74,195	79,845	50	25	25
Catalan	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	19,480	9,525	9,960	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	14,645	7,290	7,355	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	9,765	4,930	4,830	0	0	0
Spanish	40	25	15	116,070	55,430	60,640	45	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	455	270	185	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	300	135	165	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10,925	4,845	6,080	0	0	0
Korean	50	25	25	23,030	10,705	12,325	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	790	355	435	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	0	10	41,335	20,960	20,375	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	3,555	1,805	1,755	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	735	400	335	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	475	270	205	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	515	265	255	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	730	350	380	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	420	205	210	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	4,685	2,390	2,295	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,955	1,010	945	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,555	790	765	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	330	180	145	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	950	465	480	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,305	675	630	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	2,160	1,035	1,130	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	320	140	180	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	9,495	5,040	4,455	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	730	400	330	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10,490	5,265	5,220	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	6,385	3,160	3,230	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	3,615	1,890	1,725	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	1,595	850	740	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	745	355	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,285	695	590	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	440	240	200	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	6,525	2,455	4,070	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5,685	2,100	3,585	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	970	415	550	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	15	25	144,545	68,355	76,190	55	20	30
Chinese languages	40	15	25	141,465	66,830	74,635	55	20	30
Hakka	0	0	0	1,450	630	820	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	0	20	82,095	38,175	43,915	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	4,250	1,825	2,425	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	615	280	335	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	20	74,960	35,260	39,700	55	20	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,795	860	930	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	3,035	1,510	1,520	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	895	450	450	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	1,095	555	545	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	970	485	480	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	825	435	390	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	325	135	195	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	75	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	4,335	1,770	2,565	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,515	755	760	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,030	1,125	1,905	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220	90	130	0	0	0
Turkic languages	45	0	45	7,450	4,015	3,435	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	950	500	445	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,830	3,285	2,540	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	205	80	120	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	435	225	210	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	260	110	140	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	7,950	3,810	4,140	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	245	105	135	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,020	480	540	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	6,700	3,235	3,465	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,135	630	505	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,085	530	555	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	815	400	420
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	70	30	40	284,470	137,665	146,800	55	20	30
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	65	30	35	276,060	133,625	142,435	55	20	30
First Nations (North American Indian)	20	0	20	145,640	70,360	75,285	0	0	0
Métis	50	30	10	127,470	61,780	65,690	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	2,945	1,480	1,465	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	4,785	2,435	2,350	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	3,620	1,610	2,010	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,015	500	515	3,893,245	1,950,565	1,942,685	760	380	385
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,085	530	555	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	815	400	420
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	25	0	25	126,530	61,050	65,485	45	15	30
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,060	530	525	4,051,185	2,027,185	2,024,000	765	380	385
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	525	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	240	...	...
Owner	145	...	...	1,157,495	...	...	210	...	...
Renter	380	...	...	465,220	...	...	30	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	525	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	240	...	...
Condominium	205	...	...	294,875	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	320	...	...	1,338,345	...	...	230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	525	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	240	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	9,160	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	170	...	...	158,300	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	205	...	...	350,400	...	...	35	...	...
3 bedrooms	110	...	...	566,750	...	...	115	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	35	...	...	548,610	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	525	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	240	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	315	...	...	427,120	...	...	55	...	...
5 rooms	95	...	...	258,680	...	...	30	...	...
6 rooms	80	...	...	235,145	...	...	55	...	...
7 rooms	25	...	...	206,130	...	...	35	...	...
8 or more rooms	10	...	...	506,150	...	...	55	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.3	...	...	6.4	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	525	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	240	...	...
One person or fewer per room	475	...	...	1,589,600	...	...	215	...	...
More than one person per room	50	...	...	43,620	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	525	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	240	...	...
Suitable	475	...	...	1,556,960	...	...	210	...	...
Not suitable	50	...	...	76,260	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	525	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	240	...	...
1960 or before	40	...	...	168,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	250	...	...	428,655	...	...	10	...	...
1981 to 1990	100	...	...	188,550	...	...	15	...	...
1991 to 2000	95	...	...	224,315	...	...	185	...	...
2001 to 2005	15	...	...	152,840	...	...	15	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	168,905	...	...	10	...	...
2011 to 2015	10	...	...	161,095	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	139,935	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	525	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	240	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	500	...	...	1,543,795	...	...	240	...	...
Major repairs needed	25	...	...	89,420	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	525	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	240	...	...
One-maintainer household	310	...	...	802,915	...	...	75	...	...
Two-maintainer household	200	...	...	745,175	...	...	125	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	85,130	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	525	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	240	...	...
15 to 24 years	40	...	...	51,475	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	130	...	...	260,820	...	...	25	...	...
35 to 44 years	120	...	...	341,390	...	...	40	...	...
45 to 54 years	85	...	...	304,080	...	...	55	...	...
55 to 64 years	90	...	...	311,335	...	...	50	...	...
65 to 74 years	50	...	...	222,825	...	...	50	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	105,505	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	35,775	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	525	...	...	1,588,960	...	...	235	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	370	...	...	1,251,370	...	...	185	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	155	...	...	337,585	...	...	50	...	...
30% to less than 100%	115	...	...	306,355	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	525	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	240	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	220	...	...	463,775	...	...	70	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	145	...	...	304,300	...	...	45	...	...
Not suitable only	45	...	...	58,970	...	...	20	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	61,750	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	11,080	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	21,460	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	5,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	740	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	305	...	...	1,169,450	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	485	...	...	1,557,725	...	...	235	...	...
In core need	75	...	...	154,230	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	405	...	...	1,403,495	...	...	220	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	145	...	...	1,131,995	...	...	205	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	75.9	...	...	64.2	...	...	75.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.0	...	...	16.0	...	...	19.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	...	...	1,600	...	...	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,580	...	...	1,678	...	...	1,660	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	400,000	...	...	368,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	448,800	...	...	380,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	380	...	...	463,570	...	...	30	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.6	...	...	9.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.9	...	...	34.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.7	...	...	20.7	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...	1,280	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,208	...	...	1,332	...	...	1,900	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	5.5	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	302	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	350	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,085	530	550	4,177,715	2,088,230	2,089,480	815	395	415
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	30	15	15	135,650	66,545	69,110	55	20	35
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	30	15	15	131,200	64,375	66,820	55	20	35
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	15	0	15	101,455	49,465	51,990	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	15	15	0	28,695	14,340	14,355	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	1,050	570	480	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	4,455	2,175	2,285	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	4,090	1,985	2,100	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	160	75	90	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	160	85	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	50	30	25	187,365	90,475	96,890	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	50	30	25	180,640	87,270	93,375	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	102,335	49,695	52,640	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	30	0	76,055	36,420	39,640	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,255	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	6,720	3,210	3,515	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	6,150	2,915	3,235	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	205	130	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,000	485	515	3,854,695	1,931,210	1,923,485	760	375	380
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,080	530	550	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	815	400	415
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	915	435	480	3,792,705	1,903,020	1,889,685	705	340	365
Canadian citizens aged under 18	165	85	90	900,670	463,925	436,745	175	80	95
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	745	355	390	2,892,035	1,439,095	1,452,945	530	255	270
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	170	95	70	385,010	185,215	199,795	105	55	50
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,080	530	550	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	815	400	415
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	625	330	295	3,141,915	1,585,765	1,556,150	420	200	220
Immigrants⁸¹	435	190	245	970,970	468,250	502,725	385	190	200
Before 1980	35	15	20	127,275	62,275	65,005	30	15	15
1980 to 1990	20	10	10	91,320	44,550	46,770	55	30	20
1991 to 2000	70	15	60	126,605	60,125	66,480	105	45	60
2001 to 2010	115	50	65	239,260	115,815	123,445	90	30	60
2011 to 2021⁸²	195	105	90	386,510	185,485	201,025	110	65	45
2011 to 2015	70	45	20	193,335	93,675	99,665	65	30	40
2016 to 2021	125	60	70	193,175	91,810	101,360	45	35	10
Non-permanent residents⁸³	20	15	0	64,830	34,215	30,610	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	435	190	250	970,975	468,250	502,725	385	190	200
Under 5 years	20	0	10	85,135	43,645	41,485	10	0	0
5 to 14 years	105	45	60	169,075	87,630	81,440	50	20	35
15 to 24 years	60	25	30	175,855	81,330	94,525	100	65	35
25 to 44 years	225	95	130	450,070	213,555	236,510	165	75	90
45 years and over	25	20	10	90,845	42,090	48,760	60	30	25
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	435	190	250	970,975	468,250	502,725	385	190	200
Americas	45	20	30	110,855	51,790	59,065	45	25	25
Brazil	0	0	0	3,800	1,590	2,210	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	10,385	4,855	5,535	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,940	3,340	3,600	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	2,375	1,175	1,205	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	1,370	745	625	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	8,695	4,160	4,530	0	0	0
Mexico	10	10	0	17,990	8,935	9,055	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,905	825	1,075	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	3,360	1,560	1,800	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	30,540	13,490	17,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	23,500	11,110	12,395	35	15	20
Europe	60	25	35	180,590	90,195	90,395	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	4,335	2,155	2,185	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	3,405	1,710	1,700	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	2,720	1,330	1,390	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	10	16,635	8,000	8,635	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	855	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	3,080	1,505	1,580	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	6,990	3,605	3,380	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	12,730	6,680	6,050	0	0	0
Poland	15	15	0	15,595	7,280	8,315	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	3,730	1,895	1,835	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	7,190	3,585	3,605	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,470	3,205	4,260	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	2,220	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	8,915	4,050	4,870	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10	56,675	29,555	27,125	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	15	26,990	13,535	13,460	0	0	0
Africa	30	10	20	119,295	60,715	58,580	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	1,220	665	560	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	3,215	1,640	1,575	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	6,760	3,660	3,095	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	9,720	5,230	4,495	0	0	0
Ethiopia	20	0	15	14,420	7,085	7,340	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	2,130	1,100	1,035	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	21,065	10,925	10,145	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	8,545	4,260	4,285	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	8,960	4,430	4,535	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	43,250	21,720	21,530	10	0	0
Asia	300	130	170	549,965	260,520	289,440	305	155	155
Afghanistan	0	0	0	6,585	3,235	3,350	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	8,865	4,625	4,245	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	6,220	3,225	2,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,960	5,375	4,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	9,975	5,310	4,665	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	2,830	1,575	1,260	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	61,390	27,935	33,455	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	10	18,725	9,090	9,630	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	40	15	20	16,180	7,545	8,635	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	3,395	1,415	1,980	0	0	0
Philippines	130	65	65	167,735	74,205	93,530	100	50	50
Viet Nam	0	0	0	27,880	12,700	15,180	85	35	50
Bangladesh	0	0	0	6,035	3,080	2,960	0	0	0
India	50	30	20	122,150	61,405	60,740	100	55	45
Pakistan	0	0	0	30,810	15,690	15,120	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	4,930	2,490	2,445	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	0	25	46,305	21,615	24,690	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	10,275	5,030	5,240	15	0	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	125	60	65	193,170	91,815	101,360	45	35	10
Americas	0	0	0	19,300	8,985	10,320	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,365	555	810	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,310	535	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	220	135	85	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	2,130	985	1,145	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	4,165	2,140	2,025	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	5,175	2,460	2,715	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,220	525	695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,715	1,645	2,070	0	0	0
Europe	15	0	10	15,750	7,955	7,795	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	405	200	200	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	750	310	445	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	1,060	640	425	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	470	285	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	1,090	395	695	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,045	920	1,125	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	3,800	2,170	1,630	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	6,135	3,045	3,090	0	0	0
Africa	15	0	15	34,320	16,870	17,450	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	155	50	105	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	450	220	230	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	905	385	520	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,190	595	595	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	5,120	2,665	2,450	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	3,960	1,865	2,100	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	510	215	290	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	9,840	4,950	4,890	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	1,960	970	985	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,950	1,025	930	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	1,135	530	605	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	250	150	105	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	5,725	2,680	3,040	0	0	0
Asia	95	60	40	122,360	57,210	65,145	40	35	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,350	655	700	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	9,495	4,095	5,400	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	730	330	395	0	0	0
India	40	20	20	31,815	16,070	15,745	35	35	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	1,420	665	750	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	1,305	625	680	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	660	365	295	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	335	50	285	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	455	235	220	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	25	15	0	3,425	1,440	1,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	955	455	500	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	1,365	670	695	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	4,085	1,950	2,130	0	0	0
Philippines	30	20	10	47,605	21,395	26,215	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	690	360	325	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	740	370	365	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	7,295	3,900	3,400	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	845	405	440	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	375	315	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,760	580	1,180	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	4,205	1,670	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	1,445	785	655	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	940	510	430	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	500	280	220	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,085	530	555	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	815	400	415
First generation¹⁰⁰	460	205	255	1,074,140	522,255	551,885	410	205	210
Second generation¹⁰¹	165	75	95	777,505	391,285	386,215	190	100	95
Third generation or more¹⁰²	460	255	205	2,326,075	1,174,690	1,151,385	210	95	115
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	400	175	225	843,700	405,975	437,720	355	170	180
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	285	135	150	471,325	236,805	234,520	110	65	45
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	115	65	50	192,785	116,035	76,755	65	35	25
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	170	70	100	278,535	120,765	157,765	45	25	20
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	55	10	45	240,090	98,410	141,680	205	90	120
Refugees¹⁰⁸	70	35	35	123,970	66,715	57,255	40	25	15
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	8,315	4,050	4,265	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	400	175	225	843,700	405,975	437,720	355	170	180
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	15	10	29,815	17,215	12,595	20	15	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	80	30	50	126,640	57,515	69,125	30	0	25
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	24,340	12,430	11,910	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	20	0	0	47,540	25,735	21,805	35	30	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	3,740	1,430	2,305	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	285	120	165	611,625	291,650	319,975	270	125	145
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,085	530	555	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	815	400	415
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	460	210	250	1,161,420	571,535	589,885	555	270	290
South Asian	70	40	35	297,650	152,030	145,620	175	95	80
Chinese	50	25	25	164,235	79,520	84,710	55	25	30
Black	35	10	25	177,940	90,375	87,570	15	0	15
Filipino	155	70	85	216,710	99,540	117,170	145	60	90
Arab	0	0	0	69,505	36,555	32,955	0	0	0
Latin American	40	20	15	66,520	32,115	34,405	45	25	25
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	54,005	25,215	28,790	95	50	45
West Asian	20	0	20	25,075	12,835	12,240	0	0	0
Korean	55	35	25	24,365	11,600	12,770	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	13,560	6,135	7,425	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	12,100	5,985	6,120	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	25	10	15	39,745	19,625	20,120	10	0	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	625	320	305	3,016,295	1,516,700	1,499,605	255	125	130
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,080	530	555	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	815	400	415
Canadian	85	30	50	484,655	251,795	232,860	50	25	30
English	155	75	80	766,070	376,940	389,130	45	15	30
Irish	150	90	65	561,915	270,440	291,470	65	35	30
Scottish	180	100	80	631,015	309,855	321,160	55	20	30
French, n.o.s.¹²²	110	50	65	340,900	167,270	173,635	15	15	0
German	180	90	95	641,025	317,325	323,705	35	20	20
Chinese	55	30	25	177,990	85,545	92,440	55	25	30
Italian	0	0	0	98,730	49,855	48,875	10	0	0
Indian (India)	80	40	35	155,700	79,060	76,640	95	60	35
Ukrainian	55	30	20	343,640	169,070	174,575	10	10	0
Dutch	40	15	20	174,625	87,015	87,610	0	0	0
Polish	35	25	10	169,925	82,005	87,915	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	5,380	2,810	2,570	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	20	10	15	124,835	63,065	61,770	0	0	0
Filipino	160	70	90	203,955	94,020	109,935	120	50	70
French Canadian	0	0	0	32,365	15,655	16,710	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	25	0	25	73,475	37,700	35,780	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	73,355	35,940	37,415	0	0	0
Métis	50	45	0	115,455	55,915	59,535	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	10	10	0	70,790	36,360	34,425	0	0	0
Russian	40	25	15	97,890	46,455	51,435	15	0	15
Norwegian	35	10	25	154,535	74,455	80,085	10	0	10
Welsh	20	10	10	76,810	36,840	39,970	10	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	21,415	10,745	10,680	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	66,100	32,535	33,560	0	0	0
Spanish	20	0	20	40,165	18,395	21,770	0	0	0
Swedish	10	10	0	92,975	43,950	49,025	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	51,360	25,175	26,185	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	10,110	5,175	4,935	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	39,535	20,140	19,390	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	34,225	17,015	17,210	0	0	0
Jewish	10	0	10	14,405	7,195	7,210	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	37,585	19,270	18,315	35	10	25
Vietnamese	0	0	0	39,395	18,815	20,580	105	55	50
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	23,860	12,675	11,185	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	13,980	7,290	6,690	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	15,620	7,845	7,775	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	31,255	15,030	16,225	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	62,465	30,145	32,315	0	0	0
Korean	55	35	25	24,170	11,505	12,660	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	31,530	14,880	16,650	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	28,480	14,600	13,880	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	10,550	5,380	5,165	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	14,380	7,135	7,240	0	0	0
Danish	10	0	0	56,190	27,550	28,640	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	26,435	12,745	13,695	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	28,860	15,005	13,855	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	36,220	17,895	18,325	0	0	0
Belgian	15	0	10	21,985	10,715	11,270	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	2,460	1,255	1,200	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	20,535	10,485	10,050	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	25,450	12,870	12,580	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	31,565	15,825	15,740	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	22,450	11,045	11,405	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	18,705	9,040	9,665	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	5,140	2,600	2,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	13,720	6,830	6,890	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	18,605	8,565	10,040	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	8,945	4,525	4,420	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	8,305	4,030	4,275	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	25,800	13,080	12,720	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	12,420	6,350	6,065	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	9,585	5,080	4,505	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0	12,105	5,985	6,125	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	3,160	1,645	1,515	0	0	0
Icelandic	25	20	0	19,720	9,865	9,850	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	11,115	5,380	5,735	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	2,620	1,375	1,250	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	0	19,730	9,465	10,260	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	9,520	4,880	4,645	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	3,370	1,715	1,655	0	0	0
Afghan	25	0	15	10,380	5,155	5,225	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	6,880	3,570	3,310	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	7,410	3,655	3,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	4,680	2,280	2,395	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	10	0	0	8,615	4,495	4,125	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	6,715	3,340	3,375	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	3,155	1,505	1,655	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	4,640	2,425	2,215	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	4,595	2,300	2,295	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	6,670	3,725	2,945	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	3,935	2,065	1,870	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	6,525	3,435	3,090	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	1,300	680	620	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	5,000	2,340	2,655	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	14,600	7,585	7,015	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	1,870	930	940	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10,525	5,200	5,320	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	7,430	3,470	3,965	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	16,310	8,160	8,150	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	3,630	1,510	2,120	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	4,725	2,385	2,345	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	7,055	3,475	3,580	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	7,445	3,460	3,980	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	5,800	3,120	2,680	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	3,670	1,735	1,930	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,680	820	860	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,215	995	1,220	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,670	2,635	3,035	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	8,400	4,055	4,345	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	8,395	4,275	4,125	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,425	2,365	2,060	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	7,350	3,765	3,590	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	3,540	1,815	1,725	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	2,590	1,280	1,310	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	13,505	6,620	6,875	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	5,735	2,690	3,045	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	2,670	1,270	1,395	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	8,895	4,535	4,360	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	4,535	2,235	2,295	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	995	550	450	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	3,240	1,810	1,430	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	1,535	800	730	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	925	440	485	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	3,860	1,935	1,925	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	5,220	2,505	2,715	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	1,545	790	760	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,210	2,140	2,070	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	11,010	5,580	5,430	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	2,605	1,305	1,305	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	1,920	995	925	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,965	1,020	950	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	8,235	3,925	4,310	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,490	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	26,600	13,605	12,990	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	4,015	2,025	1,995	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	1,725	835	895	10	0	0
African American	0	0	0	3,250	1,665	1,585	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	4,085	1,990	2,095	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	855	440	415	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	3,640	1,890	1,745	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	2,125	985	1,140	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	4,170	2,065	2,100	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,240	2,015	2,220	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	250	110	140	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	2,920	1,450	1,470	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	2,190	1,090	1,095	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	2,205	1,060	1,140	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	2,395	1,185	1,210	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	3,640	1,660	1,985	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,460	1,225	1,235	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	6,045	2,785	3,255	25	10	15
Northern Irish	0	0	0	2,525	1,205	1,320	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	2,405	1,230	1,175	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	1,940	965	980	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	980	465	515	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	320	190	130	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	2,030	1,030	1,000	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	2,640	1,280	1,365	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	4,155	2,040	2,115	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	2,875	1,445	1,430	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	2,195	1,125	1,070	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	1,285	650	635	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,535	1,240	2,295	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	1,005	525	480	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5,140	2,655	2,485	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	225	125	95	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	690	345	350	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5,245	2,750	2,495	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	2,310	1,120	1,190	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	4,220	2,020	2,200	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	11,115	5,290	5,830	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	2,070	1,065	1,005	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,360	645	710	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	3,175	1,630	1,545	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	5,225	2,690	2,530	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	320	155	165	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,180	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	2,640	1,205	1,435	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5,360	2,660	2,705	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	965	470	490	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	240	140	105	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	4,150	1,935	2,210	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	2,200	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	80	55	25	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	495	330	165	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	2,715	1,400	1,315	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	685	330	360	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	1,990	910	1,075	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	550	240	315	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	1,155	575	580	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	5,075	2,745	2,325	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,780	895	880	30	15	15
Mauritian	0	0	0	985	450	540	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	2,710	1,315	1,395	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	445	200	250	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	1,175	575	600	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	1,595	845	750	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	665	305	355	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	1,605	860	745	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	600	245	355	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	1,705	900	800	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	255	140	115	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	1,220	590	630	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,405	710	695	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	905	395	515	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	2,075	1,030	1,040	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	310	150	155	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	1,530	740	785	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	520	250	265	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	380	215	155	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	975	500	475	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	1,370	715	650	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	1,785	855	925	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	565	295	270	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	865	440	435	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	850	455	395	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	2,825	1,300	1,530	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	1,115	535	580	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,690	805	885	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	340	185	160	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	250	135	110	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	3,745	2,025	1,715	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	1,500	775	725	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	1,160	565	595	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	1,010	620	395	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	475	235	240	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	840	400	445	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	735	410	330	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	2,535	1,145	1,395	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	2,295	1,120	1,180	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	370	190	185	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	535	235	300	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	585	280	310	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	320	160	165	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	580	310	270	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	655	305	350	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	595	290	305	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	225	120	105	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	1,195	575	620	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	780	340	440	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	1,120	560	560	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	1,145	625	525	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	370	185	190	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	1,755	925	825	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	310	125	185	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,085	530	555	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	815	400	420
Buddhist	10	0	0	42,830	19,140	23,690	50	30	15
Christian	570	280	290	2,009,820	952,440	1,057,385	455	200	260
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	145	90	55	429,375	207,320	222,055	100	45	65
Anabaptist	0	0	0	20,035	10,075	9,960	0	0	0
Anglican	15	0	15	95,560	43,925	51,635	20	15	0
Baptist	30	10	20	44,605	20,650	23,955	0	0	0
Catholic	280	130	150	833,025	399,750	433,275	250	105	150
Christian Orthodox	25	10	15	63,775	30,995	32,775	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	18,185	7,955	10,235	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	47,125	22,540	24,580	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	78,925	36,470	42,455	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	9,640	4,400	5,240	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	53,900	25,250	28,655	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	22,850	10,360	12,495	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	14,735	7,310	7,430	0	0	0
United Church	10	0	0	153,820	67,205	86,615	15	0	10
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	50	20	30	124,265	58,235	66,030	15	10	0
Hindu	55	30	30	78,520	40,435	38,085	35	20	15
Jewish	0	0	0	11,390	5,475	5,915	0	0	0
Muslim	40	0	35	202,535	103,635	98,900	35	15	20
Sikh	0	0	0	103,600	52,505	51,100	85	45	35
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	19,755	9,640	10,120	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	10	0	0	33,220	14,325	18,905	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	390	215	175	1,676,045	890,645	785,400	155	90	65
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,075	520	550	4,131,540	2,064,715	2,066,825	800	385	415
Non-movers	860	400	460	3,583,005	1,793,310	1,789,695	765	365	400
Movers	215	120	95	548,535	271,400	277,130	35	20	10
Non-migrants	140	75	65	367,325	182,230	185,100	30	20	10
Migrants	80	45	30	181,205	89,170	92,035	0	0	0
Internal migrants	60	30	30	152,655	75,275	77,380	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	107,180	52,880	54,295	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	50	30	15	45,475	22,390	23,090	0	0	0
External migrants	20	10	0	28,555	13,900	14,650	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,035	500	540	3,930,000	1,961,005	1,969,000	755	370	380
Non-movers	420	195	225	2,314,250	1,158,665	1,155,590	590	275	315
Movers	615	300	310	1,615,755	802,340	813,415	165	95	65
Non-migrants	420	205	215	854,765	427,660	427,105	120	75	45
Migrants	195	100	100	760,990	374,680	386,305	40	20	20
Internal migrants	130	65	65	596,980	295,120	301,860	30	15	15
Intraprovincial migrants	55	25	25	431,785	213,950	217,830	30	15	15
Interprovincial migrants	80	40	40	165,195	81,160	84,035	0	0	0
External migrants	65	30	30	164,015	79,565	84,445	10	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	910	435	470	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	645	325	320
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	125	75	55	595,665	322,765	272,900	165	90	75
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	775	355	415	2,779,465	1,353,090	1,426,375	480	230	250
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	700	350	345	2,298,165	1,141,780	1,156,380	420	195	225
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	70	40	30	274,480	156,485	117,990	90	50	40
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	630	310	320	2,023,680	985,290	1,038,390	335	145	185
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	905	435	475	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,275	645	325	320
No certificate, diploma or degree	115	65	50	522,835	275,555	247,275	140	80	60
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	250	110	140	972,110	482,900	489,215	220	85	135
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	540	265	275	1,880,185	917,400	962,790	285	160	125
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	270	125	145	1,014,810	524,770	490,045	185	120	65
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	65	45	20	295,285	232,120	63,165	55	30	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	0	15	87,195	51,295	35,900	30	20	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	45	45	0	208,090	180,830	27,260	20	15	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	180	60	120	612,690	250,540	362,145	110	75	35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30	20	10	106,840	42,105	64,735	25	20	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	275	140	130	865,370	392,625	472,745	100	40	60
Bachelor's degree	200	105	95	605,025	265,105	339,925	80	35	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	10	10	44,915	19,815	25,100	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0	23,880	12,100	11,775	0	0	0
Master's degree	45	25	20	164,245	79,220	85,025	15	0	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	27,315	16,385	10,920	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	695	350	345	2,298,160	1,141,780	1,156,385	425	195	225
No certificate, diploma or degree	60	30	25	227,880	126,960	100,920	60	35	30
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	180	90	90	581,820	298,415	283,405	145	55	90
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	460	230	225	1,488,465	716,410	772,060	210	105	105
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	225	105	120	774,420	401,065	373,355	125	75	50
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	45	30	15	220,930	175,185	45,745	40	15	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	0	10	61,815	37,400	24,415	20	10	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	30	25	0	159,110	137,785	21,330	15	10	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	150	55	100	472,155	193,510	278,645	70	50	20
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	15	0	81,335	32,370	48,965	20	15	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	235	130	110	714,040	315,340	398,700	85	30	55
Bachelor's degree	175	95	80	497,885	213,625	284,260	65	20	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	0	35,125	15,110	20,020	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0	20,045	9,435	10,615	0	0	0
Master's degree	30	20	15	139,935	65,290	74,645	15	0	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	21,050	11,880	9,165	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	905	435	470	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	645	325	325
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	365	170	195	1,494,945	758,460	736,490	360	165	195
Education	30	0	25	129,710	30,305	99,400	20	0	15
13. Education	30	0	25	129,710	30,305	99,400	20	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	30	15	20	49,820	20,045	29,775	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	5,805	4,125	1,675	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	30	15	20	44,015	15,915	28,100	0	0	0
Humanities	30	25	10	75,030	29,415	45,615	10	0	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	10	0	7,385	1,545	5,845	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	15,425	4,255	11,170	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	24,015	8,710	15,315	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,165	400	760	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,555	3,090	2,465	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	11,680	6,855	4,830	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	8,065	4,165	3,895	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	1,735	400	1,335	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	65	30	35	177,435	57,365	120,070	20	10	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,750	620	2,130	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	10	21,730	8,340	13,395	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	0	29,220	2,090	27,125	10	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	25	0	15	31,215	10,250	20,965	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	3,045	1,025	2,015	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	31,925	7,565	24,355	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	15	0	57,565	27,475	30,085	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	90	40	50	390,110	151,140	238,975	70	40	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	615	160	455	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	23,375	4,465	18,910	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	90	40	50	366,120	146,520	219,605	65	40	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	10	80,425	40,180	40,245	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	0	29,505	11,950	17,555	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	18,630	8,340	10,295	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,115	400	715	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	26,315	17,555	8,760	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	4,860	1,930	2,930	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30	15	15	71,380	45,230	26,150	25	25	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	30	15	15	58,030	39,530	18,500	25	25	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	4,400	600	3,800	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,770	4,330	3,435	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,190	765	420	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	100	100	0	461,075	411,075	49,995	70	60	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	12,095	7,465	4,625	0	0	0
14. Engineering	25	20	0	114,735	92,365	22,370	25	15	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	25	25	0	106,575	91,350	15,225	20	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	30	30	0	95,890	92,650	3,240	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	82,805	80,150	2,655	20	20	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	48,925	47,075	1,850	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	51,710	28,660	23,055	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	35,010	19,075	15,935	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	16,700	9,575	7,120	0	0	0
Health and related fields	110	25	90	295,415	56,225	239,190	30	0	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	20,505	9,625	10,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	110	20	90	267,750	42,785	224,965	30	0	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	475	180	295	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	6,680	3,635	3,050	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	0	25	97,660	47,575	50,075	30	10	20
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	0	20	57,430	15,580	41,845	25	0	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	365	335	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	705	605	100	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	0	19,025	12,445	6,580	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	20,125	18,615	1,520	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	420	190	235	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	700	350	350	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	420	200	225
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	240	115	120	809,700	425,375	384,325	205	95	120
Education	25	0	20	92,240	19,980	72,255	15	10	10
13. Education	25	0	20	92,240	19,980	72,255	15	10	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	15	15	39,730	15,620	24,110	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	4,065	2,750	1,315	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	15	15	35,665	12,875	22,790	0	0	0
Humanities	30	25	0	58,200	22,205	35,990	10	0	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	10	0	5,945	1,210	4,740	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	0	12,145	3,310	8,825	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	19,305	6,800	12,500	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	890	295	590	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	4,385	2,430	1,950	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	8,135	4,740	3,395	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,205	3,160	3,040	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	1,190	250	940	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	50	20	30	146,530	45,555	100,975	20	15	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,315	515	1,800	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	10	18,890	6,940	11,950	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	23,325	1,630	21,690	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	15	25,940	7,730	18,210	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,545	825	1,715	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	25,775	5,750	20,025	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	10	0	47,735	22,165	25,570	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	65	40	25	317,125	121,510	195,615	50	25	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	450	135	315	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	18,680	3,200	15,480	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65	40	25	297,995	118,175	179,820	50	25	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	61,555	29,465	32,090	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	23,290	9,185	14,105	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	14,260	6,255	8,010	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	900	315	580	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	19,655	12,320	7,335	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	3,445	1,385	2,055	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	25	10	15	61,125	39,035	22,085	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	10	15	51,435	34,910	16,530	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,945	460	2,490	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,775	3,080	2,700	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	965	590	370	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	80	80	0	362,315	318,170	44,135	55	45	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	9,600	5,585	4,020	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	15	0	95,200	75,075	20,125	15	0	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	20	20	0	84,485	71,240	13,245	20	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	25	25	0	73,955	71,080	2,875	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	61,780	59,485	2,290	15	15	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	37,260	35,705	1,555	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	40,085	20,610	19,475	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	26,160	12,965	13,205	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	13,925	7,650	6,275	0	0	0
Health and related fields	110	25	90	232,820	45,895	186,920	15	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	16,345	7,640	8,705	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	105	20	90	210,650	35,325	175,320	15	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	400	145	255	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,430	2,785	2,645	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	0	15	76,410	38,205	38,205	25	0	20
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	0	15	43,535	12,080	31,455	25	0	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	300	275	25	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	445	390	55	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	0	15,885	10,385	5,505	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	16,245	15,080	1,165	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	700	350	350	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	420	200	225
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	240	115	120	809,700	425,375	384,325	205	95	120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	460	230	225	1,488,465	716,405	772,060	215	105	110
Location of study inside Canada	295	155	145	1,157,790	563,035	594,750	145	75	65
Same as province or territory of residence	205	110	95	886,080	429,870	456,210	95	45	45
Different than province or territory of residence	95	40	50	271,710	133,165	138,545	50	30	20
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	165	80	85	330,675	153,370	177,305	70	30	45
Americas	0	0	0	54,515	26,775	27,740	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	34,460	17,900	16,555	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	4,820	2,255	2,565	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	625	300	320	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	190	125	65	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	1,470	665	805	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	2,480	1,000	1,475	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,200	1,335	1,865	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	640	220	420	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	2,395	995	1,400	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,235	1,975	2,265	0	0	0
Europe	55	40	20	54,920	28,570	26,350	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	510	320	190	0	0	0
France	10	10	0	2,005	1,045	960	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	3,195	1,670	1,520	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	2,110	1,215	890	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	945	515	435	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	645	310	335	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	980	445	540	0	0	0
Poland	10	10	0	3,150	1,350	1,805	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	2,790	1,455	1,335	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	3,450	1,515	1,935	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	4,305	1,940	2,365	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	1,865	1,115	750	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	20,280	11,190	9,090	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	730	375	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	660	360	300	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	755	365	390	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	0	6,550	3,385	3,165	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	26,775	13,770	13,005	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	7,795	3,825	3,970	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	670	345	325	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	1,085	615	475	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	505	305	200	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,230	1,665	1,565	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	3,660	1,885	1,770	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	9,830	5,130	4,700	0	0	0
Asia	105	40	60	188,060	80,750	107,315	70	30	45
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,440	1,605	1,835	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	1,435	730	705	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	655	350	305	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,500	695	805	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	1,370	700	660	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	895	540	360	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	17,320	7,525	9,795	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	960	245	715	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	1,245	425	820	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,935	530	1,405	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	6,990	2,990	4,000	0	0	0
Philippines	55	25	30	74,205	29,080	45,130	30	15	20
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,500	545	955	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,470	990	1,490	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	1,280	685	595	0	0	0
India	20	0	15	52,120	24,905	27,215	35	10	20
Pakistan	0	0	0	10,355	4,710	5,645	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	8,390	3,510	4,885	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	6,410	3,505	2,905	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	4,880	2,560	2,320	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	1,105	680	425	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	425	265	160	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	905	435	475	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,280	645	325	320
In the labour force	715	350	360	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,425	415	235	185
Employed	620	310	310	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,135	400	230	175
Unemployed	95	45	50	264,650	138,365	126,290	15	0	10
Not in the labour force	195	80	105	1,079,750	459,900	619,845	230	95	135
Participation rate	79.0	80.5	75.8	68.0	72.6	63.5	64.3	72.3	57.8
Employment rate	68.5	71.3	65.3	60.2	64.3	56.1	62.0	70.8	54.7
Unemployment rate	13.3	12.9	13.9	11.5	11.4	11.7	3.6	0.0	5.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	905	440	470	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	645	325	325
Did not work¹⁸⁶	295	120	170	1,140,745	497,150	643,595	255	115	140
Worked	610	310	300	2,234,385	1,178,705	1,055,680	385	210	185
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	295	155	135	1,164,455	670,620	493,835	250	140	110
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	320	155	160	1,069,930	508,085	561,840	140	65	75
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3	39.0	41.6	40.8	41.5	39.9	43.3	45.8	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	710	350	360	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	415	230	180
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	15	20	70,455	34,850	35,605	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	685	340	345	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	415	230	180
Employee	600	305	300	1,876,950	967,450	909,500	360	200	160
Permanent position	485	245	240	1,560,435	814,805	745,625	315	185	130
Temporary position	115	55	55	316,520	152,640	163,880	40	15	30
Fixed term (1 year or more)	50	35	15	97,610	44,060	53,555	15	10	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	65	20	45	218,905	108,585	110,320	30	0	25
Self-employed¹⁹²	85	35	50	347,975	213,655	134,320	55	35	25
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	710	350	360	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	415	230	180
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	15	20	70,455	34,850	35,605	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	685	340	345	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	415	230	180
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	23,120	16,455	6,665	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	115	25	90	373,795	110,275	263,520	50	15	35
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	65	55	10	182,880	140,540	42,340	20	15	0
3 Health occupations	70	10	65	182,480	34,585	147,895	15	0	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	65	25	40	246,625	82,115	164,510	30	0	25
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20	10	10	51,815	21,140	30,675	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	190	80	105	538,930	232,640	306,285	140	65	75
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	125	115	10	441,955	399,605	42,345	125	120	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	20	15	0	99,430	77,250	22,180	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	10	0	83,895	66,480	17,415	30	15	20
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	710	350	360	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	415	230	180
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	15	20	70,455	34,850	35,605	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	685	340	345	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	415	230	180
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	63,965	42,305	21,665	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	112,890	88,690	24,200	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	22,630	15,900	6,735	0	0	0
23 Construction	60	60	0	210,350	177,845	32,505	15	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	35	35	0	118,890	88,735	30,155	45	35	15
41 Wholesale trade	25	10	15	71,580	50,655	20,930	15	0	10
44-45 Retail trade	65	15	50	253,030	117,605	135,425	45	35	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	30	25	10	128,410	96,000	32,410	85	70	15
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	28,680	16,625	12,055	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	15	15	0	68,355	27,225	41,135	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	39,400	21,625	17,775	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	75	45	25	177,895	99,055	78,840	20	10	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	4,420	2,075	2,345	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	50	25	30	91,750	51,325	40,430	30	10	15
61 Educational services	30	0	30	149,170	43,775	105,400	35	0	25
62 Health care and social assistance	105	10	95	285,090	51,930	233,155	30	0	30
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	25	15	15	42,685	20,880	21,805	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	85	50	35	132,930	57,280	75,650	20	10	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	40	10	25	104,530	50,355	54,175	45	20	30
91 Public administration	25	25	0	118,270	61,230	57,040	15	0	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	705	355	355	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	475	250	220
English	655	330	320	2,319,940	1,223,960	1,095,975	455	245	210
French	0	0	0	3,840	1,145	2,695	0	0	0
Non-official language	10	0	0	14,015	7,470	6,545	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	245	140	105	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	13,770	7,330	6,440	0	0	0
English and French	10	0	0	20,015	8,200	11,815	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	35	10	25	61,830	31,865	29,965	15	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	45	15	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,550	765	785	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	885	475	410	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	705	355	355	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	475	250	220
Single responses	700	350	350	2,407,485	1,266,360	1,141,120	455	245	210
Official languages	680	340	340	2,381,515	1,252,385	1,129,135	455	245	210
English	680	340	340	2,374,615	1,250,455	1,124,165	455	245	210
French	0	0	0	6,900	1,930	4,970	0	0	0
Non-official languages	15	10	0	25,965	13,980	11,990	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	765	425	340	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	695	400	300	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	630	355	280	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	630	355	280	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	520	295	220	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	10	0	25,200	13,555	11,650	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,025	535	495	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	135	60	80	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	850	450	400	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	100	50	60	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	600	315	280	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,305	500	805	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,275	480	795	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	1,160	540	620	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,065	490	570	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	0	12,180	7,175	5,010	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	780	300	480	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	780	300	480	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	305	100	200	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	55	35	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,025	1,985	1,045	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,555	970	580	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,540	965	575	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,445	995	455	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	85	50	30	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	330	245	80	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,025	695	330	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5,660	3,440	2,220	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5,435	3,340	2,100	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	280	150	135	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	70	20	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	4,630	2,975	1,655	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	285	125	160	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	210	95	110	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	2,660	1,415	1,245	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	125	75	50	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	75	45	35	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0	2,420	1,275	1,145	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	205	70	135	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	1,250	630	620	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	170	80	85	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	7,340	3,725	3,615	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,605	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	3,105	1,570	1,535	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	4,145	2,095	2,050	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	30	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	170	65	100	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	150	55	90	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	145	115	30	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	145	115	30	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	45	30	15	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	0	0	14,630	7,530	7,100	15	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	2,560	1,105	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,695	6,245	5,440	15	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	145	65	75	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	190	90	105	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	705	355	355	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	475	250	220
None	670	345	330	2,350,940	1,239,355	1,111,590	475	250	220
English	0	0	0	13,200	6,355	6,840	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	14,630	6,410	8,215	0	0	0
Non-official language	20	0	20	36,335	18,310	18,025	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	2,125	865	1,255	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	0	20	34,210	17,445	16,765	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,080	540	540	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,125	565	560	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	4,760	2,335	2,420	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	620	305	310	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,140	400	225	170
Worked at home	80	40	40	446,315	211,420	234,900	55	15	40
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	5,430	4,105	1,330	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	90	65	30	319,675	242,835	76,845	85	75	10
Usual place of work	445	205	240	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	255	135	120
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	445	205	245	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	255	135	120
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	430	195	240	902,040	419,240	482,800	230	125	105
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	0	0	292,360	157,820	134,535	15	10	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	52,590	34,120	18,470	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	12,315	8,060	4,260	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	535	265	270	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	340	215	130
Car, truck or van	400	205	195	1,378,685	765,905	612,775	320	200	120
Car, truck or van - as a driver	350	190	165	1,287,940	730,925	557,015	290	185	105
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	50	15	35	90,740	34,980	55,760	30	15	20
Public transit	75	20	55	88,255	39,915	48,345	20	10	10
Walked	35	15	20	62,810	27,445	35,360	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	11,370	7,975	3,395	0	0	0
Other method	25	25	0	37,865	20,820	17,040	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	535	265	270	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	340	215	130
Less than 15 minutes	160	60	100	487,710	225,360	262,355	50	30	20
15 to 29 minutes	260	135	125	610,485	333,105	277,385	185	125	50
30 to 44 minutes	45	25	25	302,735	184,370	118,365	90	55	35
45 to 59 minutes	25	15	10	87,230	55,475	31,755	15	0	10
60 minutes and over	40	30	15	90,815	63,765	27,050	10	0	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	535	265	270	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	340	215	130
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	30	10	20	116,400	88,060	28,340	40	20	20
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	95	55	35	296,930	194,765	102,165	65	45	25
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	125	45	80	424,170	228,535	195,630	45	30	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	135	80	55	299,145	134,910	164,240	70	45	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	45	25	20	195,835	83,185	112,655	40	20	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	100	45	60	246,495	132,620	113,880	70	45	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	220	105	110	971,390	499,245	472,145	200	100	100
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	10	10	67,140	34,000	33,140	5	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	200	100	100	904,245	465,240	439,005	190	95	95
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	155	70	85	704,490	362,400	342,090	135	70	75
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	5	10	49,735	25,180	24,555	5	0	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	5	5	24,675	12,010	12,665	5	0	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	5	25,055	13,170	11,890	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	140	65	75	654,755	337,220	317,530	135	65	70

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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