Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48061474More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48062185More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48060763More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,115	...	...	364	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	1,291	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	567	...	...	134	...	...	638,160	...	...	978	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	520	...	...	132	...	...	604,628	...	...	801	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,546.9	...	...	1,130.1	...	...	126.1	...	...	1,094.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.72	...	...	0.32	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	1.18	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,115	555	560	365	170	190	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	1,295	555	735
0 to 14 years	190	115	80	40	25	15	294,075	151,285	142,785	150	90	60
0 to 4 years	75	45	25	5	0	5	89,790	46,155	43,630	40	25	15
5 to 9 years	65	35	30	15	5	10	100,905	51,680	49,225	55	35	20
10 to 14 years	55	35	20	20	15	10	103,380	53,450	49,930	55	30	20
15 to 64 years	855	410	445	210	90	120	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	885	385	495
15 to 19 years	70	35	35	20	10	15	92,025	47,355	44,675	60	25	35
20 to 24 years	110	55	60	25	15	15	91,515	47,260	44,260	140	60	75
25 to 29 years	135	55	80	10	5	10	101,235	50,320	50,915	160	75	90
30 to 34 years	75	40	35	5	5	0	123,235	60,255	62,980	110	50	60
35 to 39 years	95	40	55	10	0	5	132,045	64,950	67,095	95	30	65
40 to 44 years	100	40	60	15	5	10	121,735	60,110	61,625	75	30	45
45 to 49 years	95	50	50	25	10	15	111,345	55,485	55,860	55	30	30
50 to 54 years	75	40	35	15	5	5	103,325	51,835	51,490	70	35	40
55 to 59 years	50	25	20	35	15	15	101,580	50,260	51,320	55	25	30
60 to 64 years	40	30	20	50	20	35	96,735	47,710	49,020	60	30	35
65 years and over	70	30	35	115	60	55	221,795	103,495	118,300	260	80	180
65 to 69 years	30	15	15	45	30	20	78,095	38,250	39,845	60	20	40
70 to 74 years	15	10	15	25	15	10	58,785	28,310	30,475	65	30	35
75 to 79 years	10	5	10	25	5	15	36,570	17,235	19,340	50	15	35
80 to 84 years	5	5	0	15	5	10	23,750	10,405	13,350	50	10	40
85 years and over	5	5	0	5	5	0	24,595	9,300	15,290	40	10	30
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	0	5	0	15,285	6,230	9,050	20	5	15
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	15	0	15
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	5	0	5
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	20.7	14.3	11.0	14.7	7.9	18.5	19.1	17.8	11.6	16.2	8.2
15 to 64 years	76.7	73.9	79.5	57.5	52.9	63.2	67.6	67.8	67.4	68.3	69.4	67.3
65 years and over	6.3	5.4	6.3	31.5	35.3	28.9	13.9	13.1	14.8	20.1	14.4	24.5
85 years and over	0.4	0.9	0.0	1.4	2.9	0.0	1.5	1.2	1.9	3.1	1.8	4.1
Average age of the population	34.3	33.4	35.1	49.9	49.6	50.2	38.9	38.3	39.6	41.3	37.4	44.2
Median age of the population	32.8	32.4	34.4	58.0	58.0	58.0	38.4	38.0	39.2	36.4	32.0	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	520	...	...	130	...	...	604,630	...	...	800	...	...
Single-detached house	80	...	...	100	...	...	351,925	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	10	...	...	0	...	...	39,065	...	...	10	...	...
Row house	5	...	...	30	...	...	57,180	...	...	160	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10	...	...	0	...	...	21,855	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	195	...	...	0	...	...	89,225	...	...	535	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	225	...	...	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	100	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	520	...	...	135	...	...	604,630	...	...	800	...	...
1 person	210	...	...	15	...	...	151,770	...	...	495	...	...
2 persons	155	...	...	60	...	...	196,980	...	...	210	...	...
3 persons	75	...	...	20	...	...	96,165	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	50	...	...	25	...	...	97,780	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	15	...	...	61,930	...	...	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,115	550	560	360	175	190	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,280	550	735
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	925	440	485	325	150	175	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	1,145	465	675
Married or living common-law	405	205	200	230	115	115	773,480	387,015	386,465	415	205	205
Married	315	160	155	230	115	115	657,160	328,650	328,510	285	140	140
Living common-law	90	45	45	5	0	0	116,320	58,365	57,960	130	60	65
Living common law - Never married	85	40	45	0	0	0	87,265	43,935	43,330	115	55	55
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	0	0	0	23,185	11,490	11,690	5	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	515	235	280	90	35	55	523,090	252,020	271,065	730	260	470
Not married and not living common law - Never married	380	185	195	70	30	35	364,145	197,890	166,255	480	205	280
Not married and not living common law - Separated	35	15	20	5	0	0	29,375	12,665	16,710	25	5	20
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	75	30	40	5	0	5	79,920	30,945	48,970	140	35	105
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	5	20	15	0	10	49,640	10,520	39,125	80	15	60
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	275	...	...	120	...	...	438,900	...	...	260	...	...
2 persons	135	...	...	65	...	...	204,395	...	...	175	...	...
3 persons	70	...	...	20	...	...	94,815	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	25	...	...	97,660	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	10	...	...	42,025	...	...	20	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	270	...	...	115	...	...	438,900	...	...	265	...	...
Total couple families	195	...	...	115	...	...	377,050	...	...	200	...	...
Married couples	150	...	...	115	...	...	318,890	...	...	135	...	...
With children⁶	95	...	...	55	...	...	190,345	...	...	50	...	...
Without children	55	...	...	55	...	...	128,545	...	...	85	...	...
Common-law couples	50	...	...	5	...	...	58,160	...	...	60	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	0	...	...	19,165	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	5	...	...	38,995	...	...	55	...	...
Total one-parent families	75	...	...	5	...	...	61,850	...	...	65	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	65	...	...	0	...	...	47,785	...	...	55	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	0	...	...	14,065	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,115	555	560	360	175	190	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,280	550	735
Total - Persons in census families	775	390	390	340	170	175	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	685	335	355
Married spouses or common-law partners	395	200	200	230	115	115	754,090	377,085	377,010	395	200	200
Parents in one-parent families	75	10	70	0	0	5	61,855	14,065	47,790	60	5	55
Children⁶	310	180	125	100	50	55	492,710	260,395	232,315	225	130	95
In a two-parent family	190	110	80	100	45	50	396,580	208,580	188,000	110	65	45
In a one-parent family	115	75	45	0	0	5	96,130	51,815	44,315	120	60	55
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	340	165	170	25	10	15	263,280	130,670	132,615	595	215	380
Living alone	210	110	100	20	5	15	151,765	71,605	80,165	500	165	330
Living with other relatives⁷	45	25	20	5	0	0	40,060	17,085	22,975	35	20	15
Living with non-relatives only	85	30	55	5	5	0	71,460	41,975	29,480	65	25	35
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	520	...	...	130	...	...	604,630	...	...	805	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	235	...	...	105	...	...	375,185	...	...	255	...	...
Couple-family households	175	...	...	100	...	...	328,515	...	...	195	...	...
With children⁶	95	...	...	45	...	...	182,665	...	...	55	...	...
Without children	80	...	...	55	...	...	145,845	...	...	140	...	...
One-parent-family households	65	...	...	0	...	...	46,670	...	...	60	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	5	...	...	20,165	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10	...	...	0	...	...	4,730	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	20	...	...	0	...	...	22,485	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	40	...	...	0	...	...	30,295	...	...	40	...	...
One-person households	215	...	...	20	...	...	151,765	...	...	500	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	920	440	480	325	150	170	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	1,130	455	675
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	865	415	455	310	150	160	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	1,085	435	650
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	38,000	35,200	54,800	88,000	42,400	44,800	52,400	39,200	37,200	40,400	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	865	415	455	310	150	160	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	1,090	435	650
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	34,800	33,200	48,000	72,500	39,200	40,400	46,000	36,000	34,800	37,200	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	720	355	365	290	140	155	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	965	395	570
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	28,800	50,800	83,000	38,400	40,800	50,000	32,400	30,600	37,200	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	660	330	330	185	95	95	922,195	474,800	447,395	755	325	430
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	30,800	47,200	90,000	32,000	42,400	50,800	34,800	38,400	42,400	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	805	375	425	245	130	120	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	995	395	600
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	7,200	11,300	6,800	6,120	7,050	7,600	5,600	9,100	9,400	8,000	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	135	65	70	5	0	5	136,975	64,415	72,555	105	50	50
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,200	5,360	x	...	x	5,800	5,760	5,880	4,520	4,560	4,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	400	185	210	55	25	35	384,535	184,820	199,710	365	155	210
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,000	7,750	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	915	430	485	300	135	165	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,060	400	660
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	835	400	435	290	130	160	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	1,030	375	660
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	49,800	40,400	234,000	440,000	65,000	65,500	78,400	52,850	46,500	47,800	45,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	835	400	435	290	130	160	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	1,035	375	660
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,600	41,000	36,400	152,000	272,000	53,000	53,050	61,750	44,560	40,400	40,800	40,300
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	735	365	370	275	125	145	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	910	345	565
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,800	32,800	240,000	440,000	62,000	62,300	76,300	48,160	41,400	41,600	41,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	695	355	340	185	80	100	922,200	475,075	447,125	735	290	440
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,700	45,400	33,800	268,000	540,000	46,000	60,800	73,200	47,640	44,200	42,400	45,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	780	365	415	230	130	105	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	960	335	625
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,620	9,840	13,200	10,800	10,200	11,400	10,020	8,930	11,050	10,480	10,080	10,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	150	60	90	0	0	0	136,685	64,550	72,135	85	45	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,100	3,800	5,900	...	...	...	7,070	6,620	7,480	6,900	7,400	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	400	155	250	60	0	40	383,100	184,610	198,485	300	115	185
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,720	10,400	9,300	7,800	...	7,200	9,270	9,160	9,380	8,800	10,000	8,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	915	430	485	300	135	170	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	1,060	400	660
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	255	135	115	75	40	30	432,255	245,295	186,965	320	115	210
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	52,400	45,200	94,000	145,000	x	73,000	80,000	65,000	66,000	67,500	65,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,500	80,000	52,000	620,000	1,040,000	85,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	71,200	73,000	70,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	290	135	155	65	25	45	374,345	173,060	201,290	315	130	190
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	15,100	19,600	30,400	x	30,400	20,400	23,400	18,400	19,600	17,000	20,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	23,600	26,000	42,000	56,000	36,000	33,960	40,480	28,360	24,400	22,800	25,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0	82.0	69.0	96.0	96.0	88.0	86.6	90.2	81.4	78.8	81.0	78.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.6	81.0	66.0	72.0	76.0	44.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	68.0	70.0	67.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.1	18.0	31.2	3.7	2.3	11.6	13.4	9.8	18.5	21.0	19.2	22.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.2	2.9	x	...	x	1.2	0.9	1.7	1.2	2.0	0.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	11.3	8.6	14.3	0.8	0.3	3.2	5.0	3.9	6.5	6.4	7.3	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	10.4	8.0	13.2	0.7	x	2.8	4.5	3.6	5.7	5.5	6.4	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	925	440	485	325	150	175	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	1,135	460	670
Without total income	55	25	30	15	0	15	63,430	30,900	32,525	45	25	20
With total income	870	415	455	305	145	160	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	1,085	435	655
Under $10,000 (including loss)	80	35	40	35	10	25	107,500	44,415	63,085	75	25	45
$10,000 to $19,999	100	45	50	35	10	20	115,465	47,780	67,690	100	45	60
$20,000 to $29,999	175	85	90	25	10	10	178,230	78,800	99,430	260	85	175
$30,000 to $39,999	150	55	90	25	10	15	142,910	61,170	81,740	155	55	100
$40,000 to $49,999	115	55	60	25	10	15	122,655	55,960	66,690	90	40	50
$50,000 to $59,999	80	35	40	20	10	15	101,530	48,280	53,245	110	35	70
$60,000 to $69,999	60	30	30	10	5	10	85,080	42,725	42,355	70	30	35
$70,000 to $79,999	40	25	15	10	5	5	68,705	36,885	31,825	75	35	35
$80,000 to $89,999	25	20	5	15	10	10	53,900	30,515	23,385	40	20	20
$90,000 to $99,999	20	10	5	5	0	0	45,345	25,570	19,775	25	10	15
$100,000 and over	35	20	10	100	70	30	193,625	128,165	65,460	90	45	45
$100,000 to $149,999	30	15	10	30	20	15	113,250	69,295	43,955	70	35	30
$150,000 and over	5	5	0	70	50	20	80,375	58,870	21,505	20	15	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	925	440	485	325	150	175	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	1,135	460	670
Without after-tax income	55	25	30	15	0	15	62,710	30,505	32,210	45	20	20
With after-tax income	870	415	455	305	145	160	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	1,085	435	655
Under $10,000 (including loss)	80	35	45	45	15	30	112,205	46,185	66,020	80	25	50
$10,000 to $19,999	100	50	50	40	10	25	120,545	50,115	70,430	105	40	60
$20,000 to $29,999	200	95	105	20	15	10	201,940	89,680	112,255	275	95	185
$30,000 to $39,999	160	65	100	30	10	15	166,565	73,405	93,160	180	70	105
$40,000 to $49,999	130	65	65	35	15	25	143,135	67,430	75,705	125	50	75
$50,000 to $59,999	80	40	40	15	5	10	114,565	57,190	57,380	125	50	75
$60,000 to $69,999	50	30	25	10	5	5	87,375	47,045	40,330	70	35	40
$70,000 to $79,999	35	25	10	15	10	10	65,115	36,810	28,305	35	20	20
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	5	5	0	5	51,690	28,935	22,760	35	10	25
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	10	5	5	5	35,160	21,215	13,945	25	15	5
$100,000 and over	10	10	0	85	60	20	117,360	82,665	34,700	40	20	15
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	25	20	5	48,950	32,240	16,710	20	15	10
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	60	45	20	68,410	50,430	17,985	15	10	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	925	440	485	325	150	175	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	1,135	460	670
Without employment income	260	110	155	135	55	80	356,175	156,380	199,795	375	130	245
With employment income	660	335	325	190	95	90	922,200	474,800	447,395	755	325	430
Under $5,000 (including loss)	75	40	35	35	15	20	116,020	54,130	61,895	100	40	60
$5,000 to $9,999	60	25	40	10	0	10	73,350	31,190	42,165	80	35	50
$10,000 to $19,999	80	40	45	15	5	10	101,970	44,705	57,260	90	35	55
$20,000 to $29,999	85	40	45	10	0	5	78,390	35,640	42,745	65	20	40
$30,000 to $39,999	75	35	35	15	5	10	73,695	34,455	39,235	50	25	25
$40,000 to $49,999	90	35	50	15	10	5	71,335	34,515	36,815	65	25	40
$50,000 to $59,999	65	40	30	10	0	5	67,050	32,805	34,245	65	25	40
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	10	5	0	60,120	30,900	29,220	65	30	40
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	15	0	0	0	49,420	27,665	21,750	40	25	15
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	0	5	0	0	40,555	23,400	17,160	35	15	20
$90,000 to $99,999	20	10	5	5	0	0	37,010	20,630	16,375	20	10	10
$100,000 and over	25	15	10	65	50	20	153,280	104,755	48,525	75	40	35
$100,000 to $124,999	20	10	10	15	10	5	61,175	36,970	24,210	40	20	25
$125,000 and over	10	5	0	50	35	15	92,100	67,780	24,320	30	20	15
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	920	440	480	325	150	170	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	1,130	455	675
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	845	405	440	295	140	155	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	1,065	430	640
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	36,400	30,000	64,000	96,000	44,000	44,400	53,200	37,600	34,800	39,200	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	845	405	440	295	140	155	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	1,065	430	640
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	32,400	28,000	52,400	81,000	40,000	40,000	46,400	34,400	32,400	36,000	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	725	355	370	285	135	150	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	945	395	550
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	38,000	30,200	59,200	98,000	43,200	43,600	52,800	35,600	34,400	38,800	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	660	330	330	190	100	90	923,490	475,205	448,285	765	335	435
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	31,600	56,800	93,000	41,200	44,800	53,600	37,600	37,600	40,400	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	745	350	395	230	120	110	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	985	380	605
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,080	970	3,020	1,150	1,000	2,980	1,190	960	3,040	1,050	1,010	1,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	55	30	25	10	0	5	85,480	38,765	46,720	50	25	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,350	5,440	8,900	x	...	x	6,450	5,680	7,200	5,200	5,200	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	915	430	485	300	135	165	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,060	400	660
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	815	400	415	290	130	160	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	1,035	380	655
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,200	42,000	38,400	151,000	260,000	62,000	65,500	80,000	51,400	44,200	45,600	43,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	815	400	415	290	130	160	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	1,035	380	655
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,300	34,600	34,000	111,000	184,000	52,000	52,650	62,600	43,000	38,500	39,000	38,100
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	710	350	360	270	120	150	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	910	355	555
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,000	37,200	158,000	276,000	63,000	65,600	80,800	50,200	43,000	44,200	42,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	675	335	340	180	80	100	923,490	475,385	448,110	755	290	465
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,900	45,000	39,000	149,000	260,000	58,000	64,100	77,600	49,760	44,400	46,400	43,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	735	365	370	230	120	110	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	960	335	625
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,710	4,500	6,880	7,950	9,600	6,200	6,130	5,076	7,130	6,860	5,340	7,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65	40	25	0	0	0	84,820	38,275	46,545	50	30	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800	7,200	6,000	...	...	...	8,200	7,120	9,080	5,400	5,600	4,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	915	430	485	300	135	170	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	1,060	400	660
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	255	135	115	75	40	30	428,265	243,165	185,105	325	120	210
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,600	46,400	52,400	94,000	143,000	x	70,500	78,500	62,000	58,400	58,400	63,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,600	74,000	51,000	290,000	440,000	90,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	64,000	63,000	64,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	260	105	150	65	25	40	353,070	163,500	189,570	315	130	185
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	22,400	20,800	32,800	x	32,400	28,800	33,200	25,600	25,000	31,800	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,000	27,600	30,000	62,000	72,000	56,000	43,720	53,050	35,720	32,000	36,000	29,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.2	90.0	84.0	96.0	96.0	92.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	85.6	90.0	83.0
Employment income (%)	85.6	89.0	82.0	61.0	62.0	56.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	73.2	77.0	70.5
Government transfers (%)	12.7	9.7	15.9	4.2	3.4	7.0	7.9	5.3	11.9	14.5	10.3	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.6	1.0	...	...	...	0.9	0.6	1.4	0.6	1.0	0.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	520	...	...	135	...	...	604,630	...	...	800	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	180,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	55,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	145,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	50,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	215	...	...	20	...	...	151,765	...	...	500	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,200	...	...	x	...	...	50,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,400	...	...	x	...	...	44,000	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	310	...	...	115	...	...	452,860	...	...	305	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	212,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	172,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	500	...	...	125	...	...	604,630	...	...	760	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,200	...	...	540,000	...	...	131,600	...	...	62,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,800	...	...	355,000	...	...	106,600	...	...	54,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	170	...	...	15	...	...	151,830	...	...	475	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	67,800	...	...	53,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	55,250	...	...	45,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	325	...	...	105	...	...	452,795	...	...	290	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,800	...	...	610,000	...	...	152,800	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,200	...	...	395,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	69,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	520	...	...	135	...	...	604,630	...	...	800	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	0	...	...	6,730	...	...	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	3,245	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	4,475	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	6,245	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	45	...	...	0	...	...	16,055	...	...	65	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	35	...	...	0	...	...	16,860	...	...	70	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	14,380	...	...	40	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	16,415	...	...	45	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	17,790	...	...	35	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	17,750	...	...	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	5	...	...	36,405	...	...	80	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	40	...	...	0	...	...	37,740	...	...	65	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	35	...	...	0	...	...	37,230	...	...	70	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	35,705	...	...	45	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	40	...	...	5	...	...	34,355	...	...	40	...	...
$100,000 and over	115	...	...	100	...	...	303,255	...	...	145	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	55	...	...	15	...	...	74,975	...	...	70	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	58,215	...	...	35	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	76,310	...	...	25	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	60	...	...	93,755	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	520	...	...	135	...	...	604,630	...	...	800	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	0	...	...	7,625	...	...	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	3,380	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	4,615	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	6,745	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	45	...	...	0	...	...	17,335	...	...	60	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	35	...	...	0	...	...	19,015	...	...	80	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	30	...	...	0	...	...	16,770	...	...	45	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30	...	...	5	...	...	19,345	...	...	50	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	35	...	...	0	...	...	21,320	...	...	50	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	21,155	...	...	40	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	0	...	...	44,695	...	...	110	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	50	...	...	0	...	...	45,520	...	...	70	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	40	...	...	10	...	...	44,095	...	...	50	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	42,705	...	...	50	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	35	...	...	5	...	...	38,715	...	...	40	...	...
$100,000 and over	80	...	...	95	...	...	251,600	...	...	90	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	45	...	...	20	...	...	78,970	...	...	55	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	56,565	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	60	...	...	116,060	...	...	15	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	285	...	...	115	...	...	431,155	...	...	275	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	214,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	174,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	85	...	...	55	...	...	151,045	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	144,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	123,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	105	...	...	55	...	...	209,715	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	254,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	196,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	75	...	...	0	...	...	56,700	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...	...	...	...	75,000	...	...	49,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...	x	...	...	68,500	...	...	48,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	x	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	295	140	150	20	5	15	223,225	113,580	109,645	560	195	370
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	29,800	35,600	51,200	x	x	44,400	46,000	43,200	40,000	51,200	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	28,200	33,600	46,400	x	x	40,000	40,800	38,800	36,800	44,400	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	295	...	...	110	...	...	431,010	...	...	250	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	610,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	395,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	60	...	...	151,205	...	...	135	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	920,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	560,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	95	...	...	40	...	...	209,670	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	270,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	210,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	80	...	...	0	...	...	56,445	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	...	...	...	90,200	...	...	46,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	...	...	...	78,200	...	...	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	260	110	150	20	0	0	223,320	113,715	109,605	545	165	390
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	35,500	35,500	90,000	...	x	60,050	61,950	58,050	50,600	50,000	51,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	31,600	32,500	80,000	...	x	49,640	50,640	48,560	43,400	42,000	44,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,115	555	560	365	175	190	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,280	545	735
0 to 17 years	230	135	95	55	30	25	349,785	179,925	169,860	185	100	80
0 to 5 years	90	55	35	5	5	5	109,785	56,290	53,495	50	30	25
18 to 64 years	815	390	425	195	85	110	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	840	365	470
65 years and over	70	30	35	115	60	55	209,135	99,390	109,740	260	80	180
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	260	135	120	25	15	10	134,160	64,550	69,610	345	135	210
0 to 17 years	70	45	25	5	5	0	35,370	18,260	17,110	90	50	45
0 to 5 years	30	20	5	0	0	0	11,490	5,880	5,610	25	10	15
18 to 64 years	170	85	90	15	5	5	78,110	37,880	40,225	160	65	95
65 years and over	20	10	10	5	0	0	20,680	8,400	12,270	90	20	70
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	23.0	24.4	21.6	6.8	8.0	5.0	8.5	8.3	8.8	26.9	24.8	28.6
0 to 17 years (%)	29.0	32.0	24.0	x	x	x	10.1	10.2	10.1	51.0	50.0	52.0
0 to 5 years (%)	32.0	32.0	30.0	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5	44.0	36.0	50.0
18 to 64 years (%)	21.0	21.2	20.8	7.0	8.0	6.0	7.7	7.5	7.9	19.2	18.0	20.4
65 years and over (%)	28.0	32.0	28.0	x	x	x	9.9	8.5	11.2	35.5	26.0	39.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,115	555	565	360	175	190	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,280	550	735
0 to 17 years	230	130	100	55	30	30	349,790	179,930	169,855	180	105	80
0 to 5 years	85	60	30	5	0	0	109,785	56,290	53,500	55	25	25
18 to 64 years	815	390	425	195	85	110	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	840	370	475
65 years and over	70	35	35	110	60	55	209,130	99,390	109,740	260	80	180
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	145	80	65	15	10	10	81,680	42,310	39,370	175	75	100
0 to 17 years	30	20	10	5	0	0	18,085	9,305	8,780	40	20	25
0 to 5 years	15	10	5	0	0	0	5,625	2,890	2,730	5	5	5
18 to 64 years	115	55	55	10	5	5	57,155	29,990	27,170	125	50	70
65 years and over	5	0	5	0	0	0	6,440	3,015	3,420	15	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.0	14.0	12.4	x	x	x	5.2	5.4	5.0	13.7	13.6	13.6
0 to 17 years (%)	13.0	14.0	10.0	x	x	x	5.2	5.2	5.2	22.0	16.0	28.0
0 to 5 years (%)	18.0	18.0	20.0	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	16.0	x	20.0
18 to 64 years (%)	13.8	14.4	13.2	x	x	x	5.6	6.0	5.3	14.8	14.8	14.8
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1	4.5	5.0	4.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,115	555	560	365	170	190	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,280	550	735
In bottom half of the distribution	780	385	395	60	30	30	673,690	328,825	344,865	855	340	510
In bottom decile	215	115	105	25	10	10	124,250	62,485	61,770	275	115	160
In second decile	135	60	70	10	0	0	132,700	62,320	70,380	215	70	145
In third decile	155	60	90	15	5	5	133,855	64,900	68,960	135	55	80
In fourth decile	155	85	70	0	0	0	138,980	68,120	70,855	100	40	60
In fifth decile	125	65	60	10	5	10	143,905	71,000	72,900	125	60	65
In top half of the distribution	330	165	165	305	145	155	898,245	453,385	444,865	425	205	220
In sixth decile	120	55	65	20	10	10	150,845	75,135	75,710	90	45	50
In seventh decile	100	55	50	15	5	5	155,985	78,075	77,910	110	55	55
In eighth decile	50	30	20	45	20	25	164,975	82,995	81,980	90	45	45
In ninth decile	35	15	15	60	25	30	181,315	91,520	89,795	75	30	40
In top decile	25	15	15	170	80	85	245,130	125,660	119,470	60	30	30
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,115	...	...	360	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	1,280	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.334	...	...	0.624	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.353	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.482	...	...	0.660	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.524	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.299	...	...	0.568	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.316	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	4.4	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,115	555	565	360	175	185	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,290	555	735
English only	1,010	505	505	330	160	165	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	1,150	490	655
French only	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	425	555	0	0	0
English and French	70	30	35	25	10	15	103,090	47,140	55,945	120	60	65
Neither English nor French	35	20	15	10	5	5	34,235	13,810	20,420	20	5	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,115	555	565	360	175	185	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,290	555	735
English	1,065	525	540	350	170	180	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	1,225	525	700
French	20	10	10	0	0	0	20,675	10,250	10,425	20	10	15
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	5	7,260	3,590	3,675	25	15	10
Neither English nor French	30	15	15	10	5	5	33,340	13,355	19,985	20	5	15
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,115	555	565	360	175	185	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,290	555	735
Single responses	965	475	495	340	170	175	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	1,235	530	705
Official languages	605	295	310	215	105	110	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	885	375	510
English	585	280	305	215	105	110	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	860	360	495
French	20	10	10	0	0	0	20,090	9,970	10,115	25	10	15
Non-official languages	360	180	185	125	65	65	415,050	198,790	216,260	350	155	195
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0	0	0	645	270	380	20	15	10
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	445	180	265	5	0	5
Blackfoot	5	5	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	15	10	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	15	10	5
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	355	175	180	125	65	65	414,405	198,525	215,885	325	145	185
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15	0	0	0	35,495	18,255	17,240	55	25	30
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	10	5	5
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	0	0	0	32,085	16,545	15,535	45	25	25
Amharic	5	0	5	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	5	0	5
Arabic	20	15	10	0	0	0	21,355	11,215	10,145	40	20	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420	5	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	5	0	0	14,785	6,645	8,140	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	5	0	0	13,810	6,185	7,625	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	195	90	105	0	0	0	55,755	24,650	31,110	15	0	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	415	555	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	20	5	10	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	70	85	0	0	0	45,300	20,005	25,290	10	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	10	0	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	5	5	0
Tamil	0	0	5	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	0	0	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70	40	30	30	15	10	203,750	100,055	103,695	160	75	85
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	5	0	0	30,225	13,960	16,270	50	20	25
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	5	0	0	29,740	13,735	16,005	50	20	25
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,540	4,050	15	5	5
Russian	10	0	5	5	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	15	10	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	10	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	435	460	5	5	0
Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	10	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	17,580	8,490	9,090	25	5	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	10,660	5,055	5,600	20	5	10
German	0	0	0	5	5	5	10,230	4,840	5,390	20	5	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	5	0	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	5	0	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	10	10	5	106,625	53,665	52,955	35	15	20
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	5	15	5	5	93,240	46,930	46,305	20	10	15
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	5	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0	0	0	6,565	3,380	3,180	5	5	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,495	4,290	4,205	5	0	5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,105	24,690	24,420	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	0	5	5	5	17,875	8,975	8,905	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	13,350	6,720	6,630	10	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	10,100	5,080	5,020	10	0	5
Dari	5	5	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	20	15	10	5	5	45,970	22,265	23,700	50	30	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	5	0	5	4,625	2,335	2,285	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	0	0	0
Romanian	5	5	5	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	5	5	0
Spanish	15	10	5	5	5	0	32,170	15,475	16,695	45	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	10	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0	0	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800	25	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	15	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	95	100	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	385	410	5	0	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	80	40	45	68,720	31,925	36,790	30	10	25
Chinese languages	10	5	5	80	40	45	67,430	31,300	36,130	30	10	25
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	0	40	20	25	31,950	14,765	17,190	20	5	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	40	20	20	32,755	15,315	17,435	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	220	245	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	105	200	5	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	150	80	70	20	10	15	73,050	35,515	37,535	60	30	30
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	130	70	55	20	10	15	58,650	28,715	29,930	45	25	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	5	0	0	0	5,680	2,595	3,085	5	0	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,115	555	565	360	175	185	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,290	555	735
English	600	290	310	240	120	120	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	940	400	540
French	5	5	5	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390	10	5	5
Non-official language	85	45	40	40	15	25	127,600	60,835	66,760	75	30	45
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	85	45	40	40	15	25	127,540	60,810	66,730	75	30	45
English and French	10	5	0	0	0	0	14,755	6,925	7,835	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	385	195	185	70	35	40	306,635	148,985	157,650	250	110	135
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	5	5	7,715	3,605	4,105	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	10	0	0	0	12,395	5,820	6,575	10	0	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,115	555	565	360	175	185	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,290	555	735
Single responses	1,000	485	515	350	165	185	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	1,250	540	710
Official languages	725	345	375	275	135	140	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	1,090	465	625
English	720	345	375	275	135	140	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	1,085	465	620
French	5	5	5	0	0	0	7,230	3,560	3,665	5	5	0
Non-official languages	270	140	130	70	30	40	259,415	125,675	133,740	160	75	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	270	140	130	70	30	40	259,295	125,620	133,675	160	75	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	10	0	0	0	22,515	11,260	11,260	30	10	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0	20,280	10,165	10,115	30	10	15
Amharic	5	5	0	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	0	0	0
Arabic	15	15	5	0	0	0	12,825	6,490	6,335	25	10	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865	5	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,940	4,535	5,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,395	4,280	5,110	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	145	70	80	0	0	0	35,275	16,595	18,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	0	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	55	70	0	0	0	29,630	13,885	15,750	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	0	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	30	25	10	5	5	122,940	60,715	62,220	80	40	35
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	14,005	6,710	7,295	30	15	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	13,790	6,605	7,190	30	15	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560	10	5	5
Russian	5	10	0	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	10	5	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	5	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	5	5	0	0	0	0	715	335	375	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	470	515	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	5	10	5	5	5	79,180	39,590	39,590	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	5	5	5	5	70,335	35,225	35,110	10	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,510	2,770	2,740	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,675	20,425	20,245	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0	5	5	5	12,930	6,420	6,510	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	8,825	4,360	4,475	5	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	6,765	3,325	3,435	5	5	5
Dari	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	25,440	12,340	13,100	35	15	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	0	0	0	19,825	9,605	10,215	30	20	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	10	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	15	5	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	5	60	25	30	47,945	22,570	25,375	20	5	10
Chinese languages	10	10	5	60	25	30	47,025	22,110	24,915	20	5	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	0	30	15	20	23,970	11,440	12,530	15	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	30	10	15	21,815	10,130	11,685	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	115	65	45	15	10	5	75,555	36,865	38,685	40	15	30
English and French	10	10	0	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	105	60	45	15	10	5	69,995	34,230	35,770	40	15	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,115	555	560	360	175	190	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	1,290	555	735
None	790	395	395	295	140	150	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	1,050	445	605
English	135	65	65	30	10	15	104,745	51,660	53,085	70	40	30
French	0	0	0	5	0	0	11,450	5,290	6,160	5	0	0
Non-official language	150	65	80	30	15	15	127,610	60,685	66,920	130	50	80
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0	0	0	635	285	350	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous	140	65	75	30	15	15	126,970	60,410	66,565	125	50	80
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0	0	0	16,885	8,395	8,490	5	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5	0	0	0	14,095	6,810	7,285	20	10	10
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,080	545	535	320	145	170	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,200	455	745
Official languages	1,060	530	525	305	145	165	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	1,190	450	740
English	1,060	530	525	305	145	165	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	1,190	450	740
French	80	30	50	30	15	15	103,915	47,090	56,830	85	45	40
Non-official languages	535	285	250	150	75	70	562,910	270,945	291,960	435	195	240
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	535	285	250	150	75	70	561,340	270,320	291,010	425	185	235
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	45	15	0	0	0	54,595	28,250	26,345	70	30	35
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	45	15	0	0	0	50,645	26,150	24,495	65	30	30
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	0	0	0
Arabic	45	35	10	0	0	0	35,250	18,505	16,750	65	30	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	20,885	9,635	11,250	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	0	0	0	19,415	8,900	10,515	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	325	165	165	0	0	0	76,815	33,930	42,890	20	0	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	20	0	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	325	165	160	0	0	0	72,900	32,140	40,755	20	0	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	15	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	15	0	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	115	60	55	45	25	20	286,570	140,880	145,685	215	100	115
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	10	0	0	0	37,905	17,730	20,175	30	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	15	10	0	0	0	37,610	17,610	20,005	30	10	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950	10	0	0
Russian	20	15	0	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	10	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	15	0	0	0	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	50	30	20
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	35	30	15
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	30	20	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	10	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	10	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	0	25	0	0	0	143,590	72,720	70,870	85	25	50
Indo-Aryan languages	20	0	15	0	0	0	128,685	65,260	63,425	75	25	50
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,340	22,980	22,370	50	20	35
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	15	0	10
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,525	34,920	33,610	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	15	0	10	0	0	0	31,710	16,195	15,515	30	15	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	25	15	40	25	15	80,155	38,210	41,945	60	35	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	15	0	15
Portuguese	15	0	0	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0
Spanish	20	15	10	30	25	10	60,770	28,640	32,125	50	30	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	10	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	35	10	30
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	10	20	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	90	40	45	82,875	39,220	43,660	25	10	15
Chinese languages	0	0	0	90	40	45	81,080	38,330	42,750	25	10	15
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	20	10	10	46,460	21,635	24,825	15	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	70	30	40	42,910	20,105	22,800	10	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	210	230	10	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,080	550	530	320	145	175	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,200	460	745
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	65	35	30	0	0	0	53,700	25,250	28,450	60	20	45
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	65	35	30	0	0	0	51,520	24,220	27,300	55	20	40
First Nations (North American Indian)	55	30	25	0	0	0	22,470	10,235	12,230	30	15	20
Métis	15	0	10	0	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790	20	0	10
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,015	515	500	320	145	175	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	1,145	435	700
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,080	550	530	320	145	175	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,200	460	745
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	45	25	20	0	0	0	17,145	7,900	9,240	15	10	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,035	520	515	320	145	175	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	1,185	450	740
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	500	...	...	125	...	...	604,630	...	...	760	...	...
Owner	55	...	...	125	...	...	431,680	...	...	315	...	...
Renter	445	...	...	0	...	...	172,945	...	...	445	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	500	...	...	125	...	...	604,630	...	...	760	...	...
Condominium	135	...	...	30	...	...	138,505	...	...	600	...	...
Not condominium	365	...	...	95	...	...	466,125	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	500	...	...	125	...	...	604,630	...	...	760	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	185	...	...	0	...	...	63,480	...	...	385	...	...
2 bedrooms	200	...	...	20	...	...	132,670	...	...	315	...	...
3 bedrooms	80	...	...	20	...	...	208,570	...	...	60	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	30	...	...	80	...	...	196,735	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	500	...	...	125	...	...	604,630	...	...	760	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	365	...	...	0	...	...	168,320	...	...	570	...	...
5 rooms	55	...	...	0	...	...	92,700	...	...	110	...	...
6 rooms	35	...	...	35	...	...	85,005	...	...	45	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	0	...	...	74,790	...	...	25	...	...
8 or more rooms	30	...	...	85	...	...	183,815	...	...	15	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.0	...	...	8.8	...	...	6.3	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	500	...	...	125	...	...	604,630	...	...	760	...	...
One person or fewer per room	460	...	...	125	...	...	587,240	...	...	750	...	...
More than one person per room	40	...	...	0	...	...	17,390	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	500	...	...	125	...	...	604,630	...	...	760	...	...
Suitable	410	...	...	125	...	...	576,220	...	...	725	...	...
Not suitable	95	...	...	0	...	...	28,410	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	500	...	...	125	...	...	604,630	...	...	760	...	...
1960 or before	75	...	...	0	...	...	48,925	...	...	20	...	...
1961 to 1980	195	...	...	10	...	...	146,775	...	...	55	...	...
1981 to 1990	40	...	...	0	...	...	67,920	...	...	135	...	...
1991 to 2000	35	...	...	110	...	...	93,515	...	...	220	...	...
2001 to 2005	30	...	...	0	...	...	63,060	...	...	275	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	64,550	...	...	45	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	15	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	120	...	...	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	500	...	...	125	...	...	604,630	...	...	760	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	490	...	...	120	...	...	578,295	...	...	655	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	0	...	...	26,340	...	...	110	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	500	...	...	125	...	...	604,630	...	...	760	...	...
One-maintainer household	280	...	...	50	...	...	286,505	...	...	555	...	...
Two-maintainer household	190	...	...	70	...	...	282,890	...	...	205	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30	...	...	0	...	...	35,230	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	500	...	...	125	...	...	604,630	...	...	760	...	...
15 to 24 years	55	...	...	0	...	...	15,275	...	...	55	...	...
25 to 34 years	120	...	...	0	...	...	95,360	...	...	190	...	...
35 to 44 years	145	...	...	0	...	...	132,875	...	...	130	...	...
45 to 54 years	70	...	...	10	...	...	121,200	...	...	85	...	...
55 to 64 years	55	...	...	50	...	...	114,325	...	...	80	...	...
65 to 74 years	35	...	...	50	...	...	78,705	...	...	110	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	10	...	...	34,680	...	...	75	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	490	...	...	125	...	...	599,605	...	...	760	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	325	...	...	110	...	...	466,085	...	...	455	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	165	...	...	0	...	...	133,520	...	...	305	...	...
30% to less than 100%	155	...	...	0	...	...	119,800	...	...	275	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	500	...	...	125	...	...	604,630	...	...	760	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	245	...	...	15	...	...	174,520	...	...	390	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	145	...	...	15	...	...	121,340	...	...	250	...	...
Not suitable only	75	...	...	0	...	...	22,225	...	...	25	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	0	...	...	17,480	...	...	50	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	55	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	255	...	...	105	...	...	430,110	...	...	370	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	480	...	...	125	...	...	585,885	...	...	725	...	...
In core need	115	...	...	0	...	...	55,440	...	...	155	...	...
Not in core need	360	...	...	125	...	...	530,445	...	...	575	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	55	...	...	125	...	...	429,490	...	...	320	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.6	...	...	24.0	...	...	65.7	...	...	57.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	34.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	9.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,980	...	...	1,140	...	...	1,740	...	...	1,330	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,650	...	...	1,460	...	...	1,792	...	...	1,290	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	460,000	...	...	850,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	460,000	...	...	900,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	256,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	450	...	...	0	...	...	172,840	...	...	445	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.7	...	...	...	...	...	8.5	...	...	30.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.8	...	...	...	...	...	34.5	...	...	43.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	27.4	...	...	...	...	...	20.2	...	...	31.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	...	...	...	1,350	...	...	1,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,236	...	...	...	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,028	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,080	545	535	320	150	175	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	1,205	455	745
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	45	25	20	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	10	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	45	25	20	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	45	25	20	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	10	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	20	0	10	0	0	0	47,230	22,330	24,905	35	10	25
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	20	0	10	0	0	0	45,875	21,725	24,145	35	10	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	10	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	30	10	20
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,020	515	500	320	150	175	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	1,160	440	715
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,080	545	535	320	150	170	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,200	455	745
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	735	365	370	310	145	170	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	1,065	385	680
Canadian citizens aged under 18	150	105	45	30	15	20	325,765	167,940	157,820	135	40	90
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	590	260	330	280	130	150	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	930	345	590
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	345	180	160	0	0	0	174,615	83,940	90,680	130	70	70
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,080	545	535	320	150	170	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,200	455	745
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	570	285	280	185	80	110	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	840	310	530
Immigrants⁸¹	485	240	240	135	65	65	473,580	227,640	245,935	340	130	205
Before 1980	10	10	0	15	15	0	56,750	27,435	29,320	45	20	25
1980 to 1990	20	10	0	35	20	15	44,975	21,950	23,020	40	15	20
1991 to 2000	40	20	20	40	20	25	67,220	32,280	34,935	50	20	35
2001 to 2010	95	35	60	20	10	15	127,170	61,140	66,030	85	20	60
2011 to 2021⁸²	315	165	155	20	10	0	177,465	84,835	92,630	115	50	60
2011 to 2015	100	60	45	20	10	0	89,810	43,015	46,795	70	35	35
2016 to 2021	215	110	110	0	0	0	87,650	41,815	45,835	50	15	30
Non-permanent residents⁸³	25	15	10	0	0	0	28,410	14,945	13,470	30	15	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	480	240	240	135	65	65	473,580	227,640	245,935	335	130	210
Under 5 years	25	15	10	25	15	10	41,205	20,985	20,220	20	10	10
5 to 14 years	105	50	55	10	10	0	79,795	41,370	38,425	80	25	50
15 to 24 years	75	40	35	20	10	10	82,830	37,905	44,930	75	30	45
25 to 44 years	240	125	120	60	30	30	223,080	105,885	117,190	135	55	75
45 years and over	40	20	20	30	15	15	46,670	21,495	25,170	20	0	20
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	480	240	240	135	65	65	473,580	227,640	245,935	335	130	210
Americas	25	15	15	0	0	0	50,280	23,315	26,970	40	10	30
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	25	0	25
Europe	30	20	10	10	10	0	83,855	41,815	42,040	70	30	40
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	10	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	10	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0	0	0	27,675	14,575	13,095	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	10	10	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	25	10	10
Africa	75	50	25	0	0	0	55,355	27,975	27,385	55	30	30
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	45	35	15	0	0	0	18,410	9,205	9,210	0	0	0
Asia	360	165	190	100	50	55	279,930	132,545	147,390	175	65	110
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	15	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	65	30	35	36,925	16,915	20,015	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	10	10	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	30	10	25
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0
Philippines	310	145	170	0	0	0	71,315	31,605	39,715	20	0	20
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,350	7,325	9,030	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,580	30,730	30,850	25	15	15
Pakistan	10	0	10	0	0	0	19,425	9,810	9,615	35	10	20
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	10	0	0	0	22,735	10,640	12,090	20	10	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	220	110	110	0	0	0	87,650	41,815	45,830	45	15	30
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	10	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	10	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0
Africa	25	10	15	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	185	90	95	0	0	0	55,100	25,850	29,250	25	0	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,870	7,455	7,420	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	10	0	10
Philippines	165	75	90	0	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,080	550	535	325	145	170	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,200	455	745
First generation¹⁰⁰	515	260	255	140	70	70	518,345	251,010	267,335	385	165	225
Second generation¹⁰¹	195	115	80	60	20	35	329,675	166,505	163,165	270	100	165
Third generation or more¹⁰²	370	175	195	125	55	60	723,920	364,750	359,170	545	190	355
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	470	230	240	120	55	60	416,830	200,210	216,615	290	105	185
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	320	135	185	75	45	35	235,880	118,150	117,730	130	55	75
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	105	45	65	30	30	0	95,815	58,035	37,780	65	30	30
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	210	95	120	50	15	35	140,065	60,120	79,950	70	20	50
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	90	50	40	35	10	25	117,720	48,395	69,330	95	20	75
Refugees¹⁰⁸	65	45	20	10	0	0	58,995	31,595	27,395	65	40	25
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	470	230	240	120	55	60	416,830	200,210	216,615	290	105	185
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,765	8,620	6,145	20	10	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	115	45	70	0	0	0	53,180	23,440	29,750	15	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	0	10	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	20	0	20
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	0	0	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	35	10	25
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	325	175	150	105	40	60	313,060	149,760	163,300	200	85	115
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,080	550	530	320	145	175	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,200	460	745
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	580	310	270	170	75	100	575,650	282,735	292,910	345	135	210
South Asian	20	0	15	0	0	0	154,385	78,430	75,955	80	30	50
Chinese	0	0	0	110	50	65	93,975	45,570	48,410	30	10	15
Black	90	55	30	0	0	0	76,470	38,665	37,800	65	30	30
Filipino	360	175	185	0	0	0	92,235	42,365	49,880	35	10	25
Arab	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	70	35	30
Latin American	10	0	0	0	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235	20	0	15
Southeast Asian	50	25	25	0	0	0	28,720	13,405	15,310	10	0	10
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	30	0	20
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,840	10,195	10,645	10	0	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	500	235	265	145	70	75	996,285	499,530	496,755	850	320	535
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,080	545	535	320	150	170	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,200	455	750
Canadian	160	75	85	0	0	0	168,075	87,325	80,750	130	75	55
English	80	35	50	65	40	30	276,300	136,835	139,465	220	90	130
Irish	65	30	35	40	10	25	202,260	98,040	104,225	140	70	75
Scottish	100	40	55	50	20	25	235,385	115,820	119,575	185	70	120
French, n.o.s.¹²²	65	30	35	0	0	0	104,160	50,935	53,225	65	30	35
German	50	20	30	10	10	0	197,770	97,860	99,910	210	85	125
Chinese	0	0	0	115	50	60	99,705	48,045	51,650	30	15	20
Italian	15	0	10	10	0	10	44,840	22,330	22,510	25	0	20
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,900	39,545	38,355	35	15	20
Ukrainian	55	25	25	15	10	10	89,615	43,675	45,940	125	40	80
Dutch	55	20	30	0	0	0	53,665	26,510	27,155	30	10	20
Polish	20	10	10	0	0	0	53,675	25,885	27,790	55	30	30
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	10	0	0	53,825	27,135	26,690	25	0	25
Filipino	300	150	145	0	0	0	86,850	40,140	46,710	30	10	25
French Canadian	15	10	0	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	15	0	15	0	0	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	25	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	30	20	10	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	15	0	10
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	25	10	15	0	0	0	28,815	14,565	14,250	15	0	15
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,090	16,840	19,255	30	0	25
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0	44,865	21,320	23,545	90	25	65
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	30	10	20
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	30	0	20
Spanish	25	15	10	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	25	0	25
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	20	0	20
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	30	10	25
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,085	10,145	9,940	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0	0	0	22,750	10,685	12,065	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	10	10	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	60	25	30	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	25	10	20
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	10	0	10
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	25	15	15
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	15	0	10
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	10	0	10	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,225	6,465	6,765	10	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	20	10	15
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	0	0	0
Muslim	15	10	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0
Nigerian	35	20	10	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	10	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	10	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	10	0	10
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,080	550	530	320	145	175	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,200	460	745
Buddhist	0	0	0	10	0	10	22,425	9,955	12,470	15	0	10
Christian	665	330	335	180	80	100	713,465	336,705	376,760	535	150	380
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	100	40	60	25	10	15	153,665	73,675	79,985	125	50	75
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	20	10	10	35,625	16,415	19,210	35	10	25
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	20	10	10
Catholic	520	275	245	85	40	40	312,410	149,290	163,120	180	55	125
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	10	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	35	10	25
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	25	0	15
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	10	0	10
Presbyterian	15	0	15	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	10	0	10
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	10	0	0	35	15	20	51,720	22,415	29,305	40	0	40
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,375	20,405	22,970	35	0	30
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,335	18,180	17,155	45	20	25
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0
Muslim	85	50	35	0	0	0	101,285	51,675	49,610	115	50	65
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,230	28,325	27,905	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	20	0	15
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	10	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	305	155	145	130	65	55	623,560	328,795	294,765	475	225	250
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,075	540	535	320	150	175	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	1,190	455	735
Non-movers	640	350	290	295	140	150	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	965	380	585
Movers	440	195	245	25	0	15	209,550	104,275	105,275	225	80	145
Non-migrants	335	135	195	20	10	15	147,415	73,505	73,910	150	55	95
Migrants	105	55	50	10	0	0	62,135	30,765	31,365	75	25	50
Internal migrants	90	50	40	10	0	0	47,380	23,440	23,940	70	20	45
Intraprovincial migrants	30	15	15	10	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	25	15	15
Interprovincial migrants	65	35	30	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	45	10	30
External migrants	10	0	10	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,010	485	525	325	145	170	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	1,170	455	715
Non-movers	275	145	130	255	120	140	863,155	429,060	434,095	495	185	310
Movers	735	340	390	65	30	35	619,175	307,300	311,880	675	265	405
Non-migrants	415	175	240	30	10	20	363,260	181,560	181,700	455	180	280
Migrants	320	170	150	30	20	15	255,920	125,740	130,180	220	90	125
Internal migrants	150	95	60	30	20	15	177,420	87,415	90,005	165	65	100
Intraprovincial migrants	90	55	35	0	0	0	112,590	55,855	56,735	85	40	40
Interprovincial migrants	65	35	25	25	20	10	64,830	31,560	33,270	80	25	55
External migrants	170	75	90	0	0	0	78,500	38,320	40,180	55	25	30
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	915	430	485	300	135	170	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	1,060	400	660
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	160	80	75	50	15	35	182,850	95,955	86,895	65	20	45
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	755	345	410	255	120	135	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	990	375	615
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	625	295	335	155	70	90	886,650	437,700	448,950	690	295	395
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65	40	25	0	0	0	79,025	43,715	35,310	25	10	15
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	560	255	305	155	70	90	807,620	393,985	413,640	665	285	380
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	915	430	485	305	135	165	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,060	400	660
No certificate, diploma or degree	150	85	65	45	10	30	163,710	84,360	79,350	55	10	40
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	265	140	125	25	10	15	339,400	169,445	169,950	300	115	185
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	495	205	290	235	115	120	775,265	377,350	397,915	705	270	435
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	275	115	165	55	40	20	348,595	174,345	174,250	285	135	150
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	70	45	25	10	10	0	84,805	63,760	21,050	50	50	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	40	25	15	0	0	0	29,285	16,610	12,680	15	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	30	25	10	0	0	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	40	40	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	160	50	110	35	25	15	221,065	92,585	128,480	190	65	125
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	45	15	30	15	0	10	42,725	18,000	24,720	40	20	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	225	95	130	180	75	100	426,670	203,005	223,660	420	135	285
Bachelor's degree	185	80	105	105	55	60	294,610	137,240	157,375	325	110	215
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	10	0	30	0	25	22,475	10,080	12,390	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10	10	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	10	10	0
Master's degree	30	10	20	25	0	20	86,005	42,875	43,130	65	25	45
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	10	10	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	15	0	15
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	630	295	335	160	65	90	886,650	437,700	448,950	685	290	395
No certificate, diploma or degree	55	35	20	0	0	0	66,625	36,450	30,175	20	0	15
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	155	85	70	10	0	0	197,715	102,665	95,045	145	70	80
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	415	170	250	150	60	90	622,315	298,585	323,730	520	220	300
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	225	90	130	35	15	10	266,590	133,640	132,950	175	105	65
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50	35	15	0	0	0	63,270	48,090	15,175	45	35	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	20	10	0	0	0	20,715	12,025	8,685	15	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	15	10	0	0	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	25	25	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	135	45	90	15	10	10	170,270	71,565	98,700	110	55	55
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	15	20	10	0	0	33,050	13,985	19,070	20	10	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	195	75	115	115	45	75	355,720	164,940	190,775	345	115	235
Bachelor's degree	165	70	95	65	25	35	244,340	111,530	132,810	265	90	180
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	0	20	0	20	17,980	7,805	10,175	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	15	10	0
Master's degree	20	0	20	20	0	15	74,335	35,965	38,370	60	15	45
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	10	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	920	430	485	305	135	170	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,055	395	660
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	415	220	190	70	20	45	503,110	253,805	249,305	355	125	225
Education	20	0	20	25	0	25	46,605	10,200	36,405	55	10	45
13. Education	20	0	20	25	0	25	46,605	10,200	36,405	55	10	45
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	10	10	0	0	23,385	9,460	13,925	20	0	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	10	10	0	0	20,825	7,530	13,295	15	0	15
Humanities	15	15	0	0	0	0	34,000	12,365	21,635	60	25	30
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,415	1,915	5,495	20	0	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	4,095	7,460	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	55	25	30	15	10	0	83,860	28,790	55,065	85	15	70
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	10	0	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	25	10	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	10	0	0	0	15,515	5,275	10,245	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	15	0	15
45. Social sciences	20	10	10	0	0	0	30,700	14,865	15,830	20	0	15
Business, management and public administration	125	30	100	45	15	25	177,710	75,825	101,885	150	60	90
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	125	30	95	45	15	25	168,935	74,160	94,770	140	60	85
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	15	10	10	39,940	20,670	19,265	45	10	40
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	25	10	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	20	0	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	10	15	15	10	10	36,465	23,975	12,485	25	10	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	10	15	10	10	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	10	0	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10	0	10	4,030	2,275	1,755	15	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	105	90	10	60	45	15	173,505	149,155	24,355	120	100	20
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	10	0	10
14. Engineering	55	50	10	50	40	15	66,620	53,075	13,545	45	30	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	0	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	30	30	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	0	0	0	28,060	27,225	835	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20	20	0	0	0	0	22,210	21,530	675	10	10	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	0	0	0	11,885	11,515	375	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,905	7,900	8,005	10	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	0	0	0
Health and related fields	90	20	70	40	10	30	111,080	22,865	88,215	110	25	80
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	15	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	90	20	70	25	0	25	98,680	16,900	81,780	90	20	70
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	10	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	40	15	30	0	0	0	32,595	16,030	16,565	30	15	15
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	30	0	30	0	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950	20	10	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	625	295	330	155	65	95	886,650	437,700	448,950	690	295	395
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	215	125	85	10	0	0	264,340	139,115	125,220	165	75	90
Education	25	0	25	15	0	15	33,450	6,965	26,475	20	10	20
13. Education	25	0	25	15	0	15	33,450	6,965	26,475	20	10	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	15	0	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	15	0	15
Humanities	15	15	0	0	0	0	26,945	9,460	17,490	45	15	25
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,035	1,555	4,480	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	3,220	6,225	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	25	20	0	0	0	69,810	23,220	46,590	75	15	60
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	25	10	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	10	0	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	15	0	15
45. Social sciences	15	10	0	0	0	0	25,655	12,155	13,505	20	0	10
Business, management and public administration	110	25	90	35	10	20	145,930	61,450	84,480	105	40	65
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	110	25	85	35	10	20	138,835	60,195	78,640	100	40	60
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	30	10	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	20	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	0	10	10	0	0	31,330	20,720	10,615	20	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	10	0	0	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	85	80	10	40	30	15	138,260	116,630	21,630	95	75	20
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	10	0	10
14. Engineering	50	45	10	35	25	15	55,310	43,055	12,260	30	20	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	0	0	0	0	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	25	25	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	0	0	0	21,755	21,035	720	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	16,875	16,295	580	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,785	8,485	305	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	10	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0
Health and related fields	80	15	65	30	0	30	88,715	18,735	69,980	80	30	50
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	10	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	80	15	65	20	0	20	78,745	14,010	64,730	60	15	45
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	10	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	35	10	25	0	0	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	25	10	15
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	25	0	25	0	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	20	10	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	625	295	330	155	65	95	886,650	437,700	448,950	690	295	395
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	215	125	85	10	0	0	264,340	139,115	125,220	165	75	90
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	415	165	250	150	65	85	622,310	298,585	323,730	520	220	300
Location of study inside Canada	215	85	135	125	55	75	455,590	220,680	234,910	410	190	220
Same as province or territory of residence	175	65	110	90	40	55	328,175	157,540	170,630	310	145	175
Different than province or territory of residence	45	15	25	30	15	15	127,410	63,135	64,275	100	50	45
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	200	90	110	25	10	15	166,725	77,905	88,820	115	30	80
Americas	25	10	15	0	0	0	28,670	14,305	14,360	35	10	25
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040	25	10	15
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	10	0	10
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	15	0	10
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0
Africa	35	20	15	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	10	0	0
Nigeria	15	10	10	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0
Asia	145	60	85	20	10	10	91,990	39,695	52,295	55	15	35
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	10	11,260	5,010	6,250	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	10	0	0
Philippines	145	60	85	0	0	0	30,585	12,115	18,470	10	0	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,005	11,780	13,225	10	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	15	0	10
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	915	430	485	305	135	165	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,060	400	660
In the labour force	615	295	320	155	75	80	882,705	463,170	419,540	700	295	400
Employed	535	250	280	145	65	75	776,015	408,675	367,335	610	255	355
Unemployed	80	45	35	10	10	10	106,695	54,490	52,205	90	45	45
Not in the labour force	305	135	170	150	60	85	395,665	167,985	227,680	360	95	260
Participation rate	67.2	68.6	66.0	50.8	55.6	48.5	69.0	73.4	64.8	66.0	73.8	60.6
Employment rate	58.5	58.1	57.7	47.5	48.1	45.5	60.7	64.8	56.8	57.5	63.8	53.8
Unemployment rate	13.0	15.3	10.9	6.5	13.3	12.5	12.1	11.8	12.4	12.9	15.3	11.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	920	430	485	305	135	170	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,055	400	660
Did not work¹⁸⁶	340	140	200	150	65	85	422,665	183,645	239,020	380	125	255
Worked	570	290	285	150	65	85	855,710	447,510	408,200	675	270	405
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	270	150	120	80	45	35	450,195	257,535	192,655	335	125	205
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	305	140	165	70	25	50	405,520	189,970	215,550	340	140	200
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.0	40.2	43.2	48.0	38.8	40.7	41.5	39.8	38.6	38.4	38.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	615	300	320	150	70	80	882,710	463,165	419,540	700	300	400
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	0	15	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	15	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	600	290	305	150	70	80	853,695	449,150	404,550	680	285	390
Employee	570	275	290	110	40	65	715,140	365,090	350,050	610	245	360
Permanent position	455	235	220	85	40	45	600,125	311,480	288,645	460	180	280
Temporary position	110	40	70	25	0	25	115,020	53,615	61,405	150	65	85
Fixed term (1 year or more)	45	15	30	10	0	10	37,760	16,790	20,970	45	20	30
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	65	25	40	15	0	15	77,260	36,820	40,435	100	45	55
Self-employed¹⁹²	30	15	15	40	30	10	138,550	84,060	54,500	70	40	30
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	615	300	320	150	70	80	882,710	463,165	419,540	700	300	400
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	0	15	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	15	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	600	290	305	150	70	80	853,695	449,150	404,550	680	285	390
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	75	20	55	35	10	25	161,170	53,245	107,930	110	20	95
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	25	20	0	25	20	0	94,565	72,340	22,225	55	25	30
3 Health occupations	40	0	40	30	10	15	69,305	13,810	55,490	75	15	60
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	60	20	40	30	0	20	92,850	30,655	62,195	110	35	80
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	10	0	0	0	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	45	15	35
6 Sales and service occupations	250	90	155	10	10	10	209,115	94,840	114,280	195	105	95
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	85	85	0	10	10	0	147,375	132,085	15,290	80	80	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	40	30	10	0	0	0	25,565	19,070	6,490	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	615	300	320	150	70	80	882,710	463,165	419,540	700	300	400
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	0	15	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	15	10
All industries¹⁹¹	600	290	305	150	70	80	853,695	449,150	404,550	680	285	390
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	0	10	15	10	0	39,750	26,465	13,290	20	10	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	0	0	0
23 Construction	45	35	15	0	0	0	75,665	63,720	11,945	45	40	0
31-33 Manufacturing	40	40	0	0	0	0	41,545	30,255	11,295	20	15	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	15	15	0
44-45 Retail trade	90	30	60	0	0	0	96,885	46,555	50,330	60	25	30
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	30	30	0	10	0	0	56,135	40,670	15,470	15	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	10	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	10	0	10	10	0	0	30,760	13,930	16,825	45	10	35
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	55	30	30	25	25	0	96,185	55,190	40,995	75	25	55
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	35	15	20	0	0	0	37,790	21,285	16,510	40	20	20
61 Educational services	25	10	15	30	0	30	55,510	16,805	38,700	75	20	55
62 Health care and social assistance	80	15	70	25	0	15	107,190	20,475	86,720	125	30	90
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	0	0	0	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	40	20	25
72 Accommodation and food services	85	45	40	0	0	0	49,900	22,440	27,460	40	25	20
81 Other services (except public administration)	40	25	20	0	0	0	37,065	16,090	20,975	35	15	20
91 Public administration	10	0	10	10	0	0	31,305	16,235	15,075	15	0	15
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	670	335	335	170	70	105	926,320	483,455	442,860	735	310	425
English	625	305	315	155	65	95	878,705	460,305	418,400	705	295	415
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	10	0	0	0	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	0	0	0
English and French	20	10	0	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	15	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	10	10	0	30,355	15,535	14,825	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	670	335	335	170	70	105	926,320	483,455	442,860	735	310	425
Single responses	655	330	325	170	70	105	919,325	479,835	439,490	735	310	425
Official languages	645	320	325	165	65	95	906,220	473,040	433,180	725	305	425
English	645	320	325	165	65	95	903,745	472,395	431,350	725	305	425
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0
Non-official languages	10	10	0	10	0	0	13,105	6,795	6,310	10	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	10	0	10	0	0	13,090	6,795	6,300	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465	10	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	10	10	0	0	0	7,000	3,625	3,375	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0	0	0	5,765	3,065	2,695	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	670	335	335	170	70	105	926,320	483,455	442,860	735	310	425
None	645	320	330	160	65	95	893,045	467,350	425,695	710	295	420
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	0	0	0
French	20	10	0	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	15	10	0
Non-official language	15	10	0	0	0	0	17,585	8,825	8,760	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	0	0	0	0	17,465	8,780	8,690	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	10	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	540	250	285	140	65	75	776,010	408,680	367,335	605	250	360
Worked at home	60	20	35	70	25	40	215,520	105,290	110,230	170	35	140
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	65	30	25	10	0	0	113,260	83,885	29,375	95	65	30
Usual place of work	415	195	225	65	40	25	444,410	217,405	227,005	345	160	185
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	415	195	220	65	35	25	444,410	217,405	227,005	340	155	185
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	395	185	205	55	30	25	361,065	170,000	191,065	300	120	180
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20	10	10	0	0	0	69,230	37,715	31,505	30	25	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	10	10	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	475	230	245	75	40	30	557,670	301,290	256,380	440	220	220
Car, truck or van	320	180	145	70	35	30	473,465	261,055	212,410	375	195	185
Car, truck or van - as a driver	285	160	125	55	35	25	441,645	249,990	191,655	355	190	165
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	35	15	15	0	0	0	31,820	11,060	20,755	25	0	20
Public transit	100	40	65	0	0	0	40,930	17,775	23,165	35	15	20
Walked	30	10	20	0	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325	15	10	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0
Other method	15	0	15	0	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	475	230	245	75	40	30	557,670	301,290	256,380	440	220	220
Less than 15 minutes	150	65	85	10	10	0	128,460	58,155	70,310	135	40	95
15 to 29 minutes	200	115	85	50	25	30	242,460	130,855	111,610	185	110	75
30 to 44 minutes	60	30	35	0	0	0	125,765	75,100	50,660	85	55	35
45 to 59 minutes	20	15	0	0	0	0	31,050	18,505	12,545	25	20	10
60 minutes and over	45	15	35	10	0	0	29,930	18,665	11,265	10	0	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	475	230	245	75	40	30	557,670	301,290	256,380	440	220	220
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	15	0	10	10	0	37,665	27,280	10,390	25	15	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	85	45	35	0	0	0	100,900	63,500	37,400	75	50	25
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	110	55	55	25	10	15	143,455	75,755	67,700	120	55	65
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	55	35	25	20	10	10	105,095	50,620	54,475	105	60	45
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	90	20	70	10	10	0	79,595	35,415	44,180	65	30	35
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	115	55	60	15	0	10	90,950	48,715	42,230	45	20	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	235	135	100	55	30	25	356,225	183,250	172,980	185	100	80
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	15	15	5	5	0	25,335	12,890	12,445	20	10	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	210	120	90	55	30	25	330,890	170,360	160,535	165	95	70
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	155	85	75	50	30	25	259,535	133,590	125,945	140	80	60
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	5	10	0	5	0	18,890	9,625	9,270	15	5	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	5	5	5	0	0	9,575	4,670	4,910	10	0	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	0	10	0	0	0	9,315	4,955	4,360	5	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	135	75	60	50	25	20	240,640	123,965	116,675	125	75	55

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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