Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48061474More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48060978More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,115	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	779	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	567	...	...	638,160	...	...	274	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	520	...	...	604,628	...	...	253	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,546.9	...	...	126.1	...	...	3,232.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.72	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	0.24	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,115	555	560	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	780	415	365
0 to 14 years	190	115	80	294,075	151,285	142,785	140	85	60
0 to 4 years	75	45	25	89,790	46,155	43,630	50	35	15
5 to 9 years	65	35	30	100,905	51,680	49,225	55	30	20
10 to 14 years	55	35	20	103,380	53,450	49,930	40	25	20
15 to 64 years	855	410	445	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	510	265	240
15 to 19 years	70	35	35	92,025	47,355	44,675	45	30	20
20 to 24 years	110	55	60	91,515	47,260	44,260	40	20	20
25 to 29 years	135	55	80	101,235	50,320	50,915	45	20	20
30 to 34 years	75	40	35	123,235	60,255	62,980	55	30	30
35 to 39 years	95	40	55	132,045	64,950	67,095	65	40	25
40 to 44 years	100	40	60	121,735	60,110	61,625	65	35	25
45 to 49 years	95	50	50	111,345	55,485	55,860	55	30	30
50 to 54 years	75	40	35	103,325	51,835	51,490	45	25	20
55 to 59 years	50	25	20	101,580	50,260	51,320	55	20	30
60 to 64 years	40	30	20	96,735	47,710	49,020	40	20	20
65 years and over	70	30	35	221,795	103,495	118,300	120	60	65
65 to 69 years	30	15	15	78,095	38,250	39,845	40	20	20
70 to 74 years	15	10	15	58,785	28,310	30,475	25	15	15
75 to 79 years	10	5	10	36,570	17,235	19,340	35	15	20
80 to 84 years	5	5	0	23,750	10,405	13,350	15	5	5
85 years and over	5	5	0	24,595	9,300	15,290	10	5	5
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	15,285	6,230	9,050	5	5	5
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	5	0	5
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	20.7	14.3	18.5	19.1	17.8	17.9	20.5	16.4
15 to 64 years	76.7	73.9	79.5	67.6	67.8	67.4	65.4	63.9	65.8
65 years and over	6.3	5.4	6.3	13.9	13.1	14.8	15.4	14.5	17.8
85 years and over	0.4	0.9	0.0	1.5	1.2	1.9	1.3	1.2	1.4
Average age of the population	34.3	33.4	35.1	38.9	38.3	39.6	39.7	38.4	41.2
Median age of the population	32.8	32.4	34.4	38.4	38.0	39.2	39.6	38.8	40.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	520	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
Single-detached house	80	...	...	351,925	...	...	195	...	...
Semi-detached house	10	...	...	39,065	...	...	25	...	...
Row house	5	...	...	57,180	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10	...	...	21,855	...	...	30	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	195	...	...	89,225	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	225	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	520	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
1 person	210	...	...	151,770	...	...	60	...	...
2 persons	155	...	...	196,980	...	...	70	...	...
3 persons	75	...	...	96,165	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	50	...	...	97,780	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	61,930	...	...	55	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,115	550	560	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	775	410	365
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	925	440	485	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	635	330	310
Married or living common-law	405	205	200	773,480	387,015	386,465	330	170	160
Married	315	160	155	657,160	328,650	328,510	280	145	140
Living common-law	90	45	45	116,320	58,365	57,960	50	25	25
Living common law - Never married	85	40	45	87,265	43,935	43,330	35	15	15
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	0	0	5
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	23,185	11,490	11,690	10	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	515	235	280	523,090	252,020	271,065	305	165	145
Not married and not living common law - Never married	380	185	195	364,145	197,890	166,255	195	115	80
Not married and not living common law - Separated	35	15	20	29,375	12,665	16,710	20	10	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	75	30	40	79,920	30,945	48,970	55	25	30
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	5	20	49,640	10,520	39,125	35	15	25
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	275	...	...	438,900	...	...	205	...	...
2 persons	135	...	...	204,395	...	...	95	...	...
3 persons	70	...	...	94,815	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	97,660	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	42,025	...	...	30	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	270	...	...	438,900	...	...	200	...	...
Total couple families	195	...	...	377,050	...	...	160	...	...
Married couples	150	...	...	318,890	...	...	130	...	...
With children⁶	95	...	...	190,345	...	...	75	...	...
Without children	55	...	...	128,545	...	...	55	...	...
Common-law couples	50	...	...	58,160	...	...	20	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	19,165	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	38,995	...	...	15	...	...
Total one-parent families	75	...	...	61,850	...	...	45	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	65	...	...	47,785	...	...	35	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	14,065	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,115	555	560	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	770	410	365
Total - Persons in census families	775	390	390	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	625	325	305
Married spouses or common-law partners	395	200	200	754,090	377,085	377,010	310	155	155
Parents in one-parent families	75	10	70	61,855	14,065	47,790	45	10	40
Children⁶	310	180	125	492,710	260,395	232,315	270	160	110
In a two-parent family	190	110	80	396,580	208,580	188,000	200	115	85
In a one-parent family	115	75	45	96,130	51,815	44,315	70	45	25
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	340	165	170	263,280	130,670	132,615	150	85	65
Living alone	210	110	100	151,765	71,605	80,165	60	35	25
Living with other relatives⁷	45	25	20	40,060	17,085	22,975	30	15	15
Living with non-relatives only	85	30	55	71,460	41,975	29,480	55	30	20
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	520	...	...	604,630	...	...	255	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	235	...	...	375,185	...	...	130	...	...
Couple-family households	175	...	...	328,515	...	...	100	...	...
With children⁶	95	...	...	182,665	...	...	60	...	...
Without children	80	...	...	145,845	...	...	45	...	...
One-parent-family households	65	...	...	46,670	...	...	25	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	20,165	...	...	15	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10	...	...	4,730	...	...	10	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	20	...	...	22,485	...	...	25	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	40	...	...	30,295	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	215	...	...	151,765	...	...	60	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	920	440	480	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	630	320	305
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	865	415	455	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	585	305	280
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	38,000	35,200	44,800	52,400	39,200	36,400	40,400	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	865	415	455	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	585	305	280
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	34,800	33,200	40,400	46,000	36,000	33,200	37,200	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	720	355	365	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	495	275	220
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	28,800	40,800	50,000	32,400	28,000	34,800	21,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	660	330	330	922,195	474,800	447,395	420	245	180
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	30,800	42,400	50,800	34,800	29,600	36,800	24,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	805	375	425	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	555	285	265
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	7,200	11,300	7,600	5,600	9,100	12,500	10,300	14,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	135	65	70	136,975	64,415	72,555	95	55	40
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,200	5,360	5,800	5,760	5,880	6,200	6,000	6,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	400	185	210	384,535	184,820	199,710	225	120	105
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	10,000	10,500	9,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	915	430	485	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	710	370	340
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	835	400	435	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	670	350	320
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	49,800	40,400	65,500	78,400	52,850	39,600	42,600	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	835	400	435	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	670	350	320
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,600	41,000	36,400	53,050	61,750	44,560	35,400	37,400	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	735	365	370	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	565	310	255
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,800	32,800	62,300	76,300	48,160	32,800	36,400	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	695	355	340	922,200	475,075	447,125	490	280	215
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,700	45,400	33,800	60,800	73,200	47,640	34,200	36,400	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	780	365	415	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	615	320	300
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,620	9,840	13,200	10,020	8,930	11,050	12,950	11,400	14,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	150	60	90	136,685	64,550	72,135	90	60	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,100	3,800	5,900	7,070	6,620	7,480	4,300	3,900	5,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	400	155	250	383,100	184,610	198,485	235	140	95
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,720	10,400	9,300	9,270	9,160	9,380	11,000	11,400	10,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	915	430	485	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	705	370	335
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	255	135	115	432,255	245,295	186,965	215	125	85
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	52,400	45,200	73,000	80,000	65,000	49,600	46,400	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,500	80,000	52,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	50,800	53,000	47,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	290	135	155	374,345	173,060	201,290	195	95	100
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	15,100	19,600	20,400	23,400	18,400	15,500	17,000	12,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	23,600	26,000	33,960	40,480	28,360	22,400	24,800	20,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0	82.0	69.0	86.6	90.2	81.4	70.0	76.0	62.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.6	81.0	66.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	63.2	67.0	58.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.1	18.0	31.2	13.4	9.8	18.5	30.0	24.0	38.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.2	2.9	1.2	0.9	1.7	1.4	1.5	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	11.3	8.6	14.3	5.0	3.9	6.5	10.9	11.2	10.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	10.4	8.0	13.2	4.5	3.6	5.7	9.8	10.4	9.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	925	440	485	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	630	325	310
Without total income	55	25	30	63,430	30,900	32,525	45	20	20
With total income	870	415	455	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	590	300	285
Under $10,000 (including loss)	80	35	40	107,500	44,415	63,085	45	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	100	45	50	115,465	47,780	67,690	80	25	55
$20,000 to $29,999	175	85	90	178,230	78,800	99,430	120	65	60
$30,000 to $39,999	150	55	90	142,910	61,170	81,740	85	40	45
$40,000 to $49,999	115	55	60	122,655	55,960	66,690	75	35	35
$50,000 to $59,999	80	35	40	101,530	48,280	53,245	75	40	30
$60,000 to $69,999	60	30	30	85,080	42,725	42,355	40	25	20
$70,000 to $79,999	40	25	15	68,705	36,885	31,825	20	15	5
$80,000 to $89,999	25	20	5	53,900	30,515	23,385	20	20	0
$90,000 to $99,999	20	10	5	45,345	25,570	19,775	10	5	0
$100,000 and over	35	20	10	193,625	128,165	65,460	20	15	5
$100,000 to $149,999	30	15	10	113,250	69,295	43,955	20	15	5
$150,000 and over	5	5	0	80,375	58,870	21,505	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	925	440	485	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	630	325	310
Without after-tax income	55	25	30	62,710	30,505	32,210	45	20	20
With after-tax income	870	415	455	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	590	300	285
Under $10,000 (including loss)	80	35	45	112,205	46,185	66,020	45	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	100	50	50	120,545	50,115	70,430	80	25	55
$20,000 to $29,999	200	95	105	201,940	89,680	112,255	140	80	65
$30,000 to $39,999	160	65	100	166,565	73,405	93,160	90	40	55
$40,000 to $49,999	130	65	65	143,135	67,430	75,705	95	55	40
$50,000 to $59,999	80	40	40	114,565	57,190	57,380	60	25	30
$60,000 to $69,999	50	30	25	87,375	47,045	40,330	40	35	5
$70,000 to $79,999	35	25	10	65,115	36,810	28,305	10	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	5	51,690	28,935	22,760	5	10	0
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	10	35,160	21,215	13,945	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	10	10	0	117,360	82,665	34,700	10	5	0
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	48,950	32,240	16,710	5	5	0
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	68,410	50,430	17,985	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	925	440	485	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	630	325	310
Without employment income	260	110	155	356,175	156,380	199,795	210	80	130
With employment income	660	335	325	922,200	474,800	447,395	420	240	180
Under $5,000 (including loss)	75	40	35	116,020	54,130	61,895	55	30	25
$5,000 to $9,999	60	25	40	73,350	31,190	42,165	40	20	20
$10,000 to $19,999	80	40	45	101,970	44,705	57,260	65	35	35
$20,000 to $29,999	85	40	45	78,390	35,640	42,745	50	25	25
$30,000 to $39,999	75	35	35	73,695	34,455	39,235	40	25	20
$40,000 to $49,999	90	35	50	71,335	34,515	36,815	45	25	15
$50,000 to $59,999	65	40	30	67,050	32,805	34,245	55	30	25
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	60,120	30,900	29,220	20	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	15	49,420	27,665	21,750	20	20	0
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	0	40,555	23,400	17,160	15	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	20	10	5	37,010	20,630	16,375	5	10	0
$100,000 and over	25	15	10	153,280	104,755	48,525	10	10	0
$100,000 to $124,999	20	10	10	61,175	36,970	24,210	10	5	0
$125,000 and over	10	5	0	92,100	67,780	24,320	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	920	440	480	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	630	320	305
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	845	405	440	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	575	295	280
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	36,400	30,000	44,400	53,200	37,600	34,400	41,200	29,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	845	405	440	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	575	295	280
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	32,400	28,000	40,000	46,400	34,400	32,000	36,800	27,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	725	355	370	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	495	270	225
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	38,000	30,200	43,600	52,800	35,600	32,800	37,600	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	660	330	330	923,490	475,205	448,285	415	240	175
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	31,600	44,800	53,600	37,600	36,400	40,800	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	745	350	395	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	520	265	250
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,080	970	3,020	1,190	960	3,040	3,000	1,190	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	55	30	25	85,480	38,765	46,720	65	35	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,350	5,440	8,900	6,450	5,680	7,200	5,760	6,040	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	915	430	485	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	710	370	340
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	815	400	415	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	665	345	320
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,200	42,000	38,400	65,500	80,000	51,400	36,200	41,000	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	815	400	415	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	665	345	320
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,300	34,600	34,000	52,650	62,600	43,000	32,300	35,800	28,500
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	710	350	360	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	535	305	235
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,000	37,200	65,600	80,800	50,200	35,200	40,000	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	675	335	340	923,490	475,385	448,110	465	265	200
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,900	45,000	39,000	64,100	77,600	49,760	37,200	41,600	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	735	365	370	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	625	320	300
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,710	4,500	6,880	6,130	5,076	7,130	8,360	5,880	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65	40	25	84,820	38,275	46,545	65	30	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800	7,200	6,000	8,200	7,120	9,080	8,000	6,800	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	915	430	485	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	705	370	335
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	255	135	115	428,265	243,165	185,105	205	120	85
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,600	46,400	52,400	70,500	78,500	62,000	49,200	58,400	44,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,600	74,000	51,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	50,800	59,000	40,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	260	105	150	353,070	163,500	189,570	175	90	85
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	22,400	20,800	28,800	33,200	25,600	27,600	30,200	15,500
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,000	27,600	30,000	43,720	53,050	35,720	30,200	38,000	22,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.2	90.0	84.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	78.5	86.0	67.0
Employment income (%)	85.6	89.0	82.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	71.5	79.0	61.0
Government transfers (%)	12.7	9.7	15.9	7.9	5.3	11.9	21.6	13.4	33.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.6	1.0	0.9	0.6	1.4	2.0	1.2	3.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	520	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	100,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	87,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	215	...	...	151,765	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,200	...	...	50,400	...	...	47,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,400	...	...	44,000	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	310	...	...	452,860	...	...	190	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	104,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	500	...	...	604,630	...	...	280	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,200	...	...	131,600	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,800	...	...	106,600	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	170	...	...	151,830	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	67,800	...	...	47,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	55,250	...	...	41,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	325	...	...	452,795	...	...	195	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,800	...	...	152,800	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,200	...	...	123,800	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	520	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	6,730	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	3,245	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	4,475	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	6,245	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	45	...	...	16,055	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	35	...	...	16,860	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25	...	...	14,380	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	16,415	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	17,790	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	17,750	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	36,405	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	40	...	...	37,740	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	35	...	...	37,230	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	30	...	...	35,705	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	40	...	...	34,355	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	115	...	...	303,255	...	...	95	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	55	...	...	74,975	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	58,215	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	25	...	...	76,310	...	...	35	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	93,755	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	520	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	7,625	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	3,380	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	4,615	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	6,745	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	45	...	...	17,335	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	35	...	...	19,015	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	30	...	...	16,770	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30	...	...	19,345	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	35	...	...	21,320	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	21,155	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	44,695	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	50	...	...	45,520	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	40	...	...	44,095	...	...	30	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	30	...	...	42,705	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	35	...	...	38,715	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	80	...	...	251,600	...	...	70	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	45	...	...	78,970	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	56,565	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	116,060	...	...	25	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	285	...	...	431,155	...	...	190	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	85	...	...	151,045	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	107,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	92,000	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	105	...	...	209,715	...	...	90	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	75	...	...	56,700	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...	75,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...	68,500	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	295	140	150	223,225	113,580	109,645	120	70	50
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	29,800	35,600	44,400	46,000	43,200	37,600	44,000	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	28,200	33,600	40,000	40,800	38,800	35,200	39,600	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	295	...	...	431,010	...	...	200	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	151,205	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	95	...	...	209,670	...	...	95	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	80	...	...	56,445	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	90,200	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	56,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	260	110	150	223,320	113,715	109,605	185	120	60
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	35,500	35,500	60,050	61,950	58,050	43,200	37,000	56,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	31,600	32,500	49,640	50,640	48,560	37,600	33,000	48,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,115	555	560	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	775	410	365
0 to 17 years	230	135	95	349,785	179,925	169,860	175	100	75
0 to 5 years	90	55	35	109,785	56,290	53,495	55	40	20
18 to 64 years	815	390	425	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	475	250	230
65 years and over	70	30	35	209,135	99,390	109,740	120	60	60
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	260	135	120	134,160	64,550	69,610	70	40	30
0 to 17 years	70	45	25	35,370	18,260	17,110	30	20	10
0 to 5 years	30	20	5	11,490	5,880	5,610	10	5	0
18 to 64 years	170	85	90	78,110	37,880	40,225	40	15	25
65 years and over	20	10	10	20,680	8,400	12,270	5	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	23.0	24.4	21.6	8.5	8.3	8.8	9.2	9.5	9.0
0 to 17 years (%)	29.0	32.0	24.0	10.1	10.2	10.1	16.0	18.0	14.0
0 to 5 years (%)	32.0	32.0	30.0	10.5	10.5	10.5	16.0	20.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	21.0	21.2	20.8	7.7	7.5	7.9	8.4	8.0	9.5
65 years and over (%)	28.0	32.0	28.0	9.9	8.5	11.2	x	x	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,115	555	565	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	770	410	365
0 to 17 years	230	130	100	349,790	179,930	169,855	170	95	70
0 to 5 years	85	60	30	109,785	56,290	53,500	60	35	20
18 to 64 years	815	390	425	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	480	250	225
65 years and over	70	35	35	209,130	99,390	109,740	125	65	65
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	145	80	65	81,680	42,310	39,370	65	35	25
0 to 17 years	30	20	10	18,085	9,305	8,780	15	15	5
0 to 5 years	15	10	5	5,625	2,890	2,730	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	115	55	55	57,155	29,990	27,170	40	20	20
65 years and over	5	0	5	6,440	3,015	3,420	5	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.0	14.0	12.4	5.2	5.4	5.0	8.0	8.5	7.6
0 to 17 years (%)	13.0	14.0	10.0	5.2	5.2	5.2	10.0	12.0	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	18.0	18.0	20.0	5.1	5.1	5.1	10.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	13.8	14.4	13.2	5.6	6.0	5.3	8.0	8.0	8.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1	4.0	6.0	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,115	555	560	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	775	410	365
In bottom half of the distribution	780	385	395	673,690	328,825	344,865	495	250	240
In bottom decile	215	115	105	124,250	62,485	61,770	80	45	40
In second decile	135	60	70	132,700	62,320	70,380	115	55	60
In third decile	155	60	90	133,855	64,900	68,960	100	45	55
In fourth decile	155	85	70	138,980	68,120	70,855	105	65	45
In fifth decile	125	65	60	143,905	71,000	72,900	85	45	45
In top half of the distribution	330	165	165	898,245	453,385	444,865	280	155	125
In sixth decile	120	55	65	150,845	75,135	75,710	80	40	40
In seventh decile	100	55	50	155,985	78,075	77,910	45	25	20
In eighth decile	50	30	20	164,975	82,995	81,980	80	50	30
In ninth decile	35	15	15	181,315	91,520	89,795	65	35	30
In top decile	25	15	15	245,130	125,660	119,470	15	10	5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,115	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	770	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.334	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.265	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.482	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.408	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.299	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.242	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,115	555	565	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	770	410	365
English only	1,010	505	505	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	715	390	325
French only	0	0	0	980	425	555	0	0	0
English and French	70	30	35	103,090	47,140	55,945	20	5	15
Neither English nor French	35	20	15	34,235	13,810	20,420	40	15	25
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,115	555	565	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	770	410	365
English	1,065	525	540	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	725	390	340
French	20	10	10	20,675	10,250	10,425	5	0	5
English and French	0	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	30	15	15	33,340	13,355	19,985	40	15	25
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,115	555	565	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	770	410	365
Single responses	965	475	495	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	710	380	330
Official languages	605	295	310	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	405	215	185
English	585	280	305	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	400	215	185
French	20	10	10	20,090	9,970	10,115	5	0	0
Non-official languages	360	180	185	415,050	198,790	216,260	305	165	140
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	645	270	380	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	445	180	265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	5	5	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	355	175	180	414,405	198,525	215,885	305	165	140
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15	35,495	18,255	17,240	90	50	40
Berber languages	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	25	20	10
Bilen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	5	5	0	1,395	700	700	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	25	15	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	32,085	16,545	15,535	60	30	30
Amharic	5	0	5	4,515	2,170	2,345	10	5	5
Arabic	20	15	10	21,355	11,215	10,145	30	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420	25	15	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	14,785	6,645	8,140	25	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	13,810	6,185	7,625	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	195	90	105	55,755	24,650	31,110	85	45	40
Bikol	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	970	415	555	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	20	5	10	3,610	1,630	1,980	15	10	10
Indonesian	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	70	85	45,300	20,005	25,290	65	35	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	5	2,215	1,160	1,060	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70	40	30	203,750	100,055	103,695	55	30	25
Albanian	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	30,225	13,960	16,270	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	29,740	13,735	16,005	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0	7,595	3,540	4,050	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	5	10,165	4,510	5,660	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	895	435	460	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	17,580	8,490	9,090	5	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	5	0	5
German	0	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	5	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	106,625	53,665	52,955	25	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	5	93,240	46,930	46,305	25	15	10
Assamese	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	0	6,565	3,380	3,180	5	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	8,495	4,290	4,205	10	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	49,105	24,690	24,420	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	1,030	505	525	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	0	17,875	8,975	8,905	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	13,350	6,720	6,630	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	5	10,100	5,080	5,020	0	0	0
Dari	5	5	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	20	15	45,970	22,265	23,700	20	10	5
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	0	0	0
Romanian	5	5	5	4,585	2,265	2,315	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	5	32,170	15,475	16,695	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	10	2,395	800	1,595	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	68,720	31,925	36,790	50	25	25
Chinese languages	10	5	5	67,430	31,300	36,130	25	20	10
Hakka	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	0	31,950	14,765	17,190	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	32,755	15,315	17,435	25	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	25	5	10
Burmese	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	635	320	325	20	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	460	220	245	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	150	80	70	73,050	35,515	37,535	65	30	35
English and French	0	0	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	130	70	55	58,650	28,715	29,930	50	25	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	5	5,680	2,595	3,085	10	5	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,115	555	565	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	770	410	365
English	600	290	310	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	430	240	195
French	5	5	5	4,775	2,390	2,390	0	0	0
Non-official language	85	45	40	127,600	60,835	66,760	85	45	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	85	45	40	127,540	60,810	66,730	85	45	40
English and French	10	5	0	14,755	6,925	7,835	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	385	195	185	306,635	148,985	157,650	230	115	120
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	10	12,395	5,820	6,575	15	10	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,115	555	565	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	770	410	365
Single responses	1,000	485	515	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	690	370	320
Official languages	725	345	375	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	510	280	230
English	720	345	375	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	510	280	235
French	5	5	5	7,230	3,560	3,665	0	0	0
Non-official languages	270	140	130	259,415	125,675	133,740	175	95	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	270	140	130	259,295	125,620	133,675	175	95	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	10	22,515	11,260	11,260	50	25	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	15	10	10
Bilen	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	5	5	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	10	10	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	20	10	20,280	10,165	10,115	35	20	20
Amharic	5	5	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	5	5	0
Arabic	15	15	5	12,825	6,490	6,335	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865	15	10	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,940	4,535	5,405	20	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	9,395	4,280	5,110	20	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	145	70	80	35,275	16,595	18,675	45	25	20
Bikol	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	55	70	29,630	13,885	15,750	45	25	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	0	1,495	760	730	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	30	25	122,940	60,715	62,220	20	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	5	14,005	6,710	7,295	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	5	13,790	6,605	7,190	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560	0	0	0
Russian	5	10	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	2,020	980	1,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	5	5	0	715	335	375	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	980	470	515	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	5	10	79,180	39,590	39,590	15	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	5	70,335	35,225	35,110	15	10	5
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5,510	2,770	2,740	10	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	40,675	20,425	20,245	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0	12,930	6,420	6,510	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	8,825	4,360	4,475	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	5	6,765	3,325	3,435	0	0	0
Dari	5	5	0	1,880	905	970	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	25,440	12,340	13,100	5	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	19,825	9,605	10,215	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	10	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	5	47,945	22,570	25,375	40	20	20
Chinese languages	10	10	5	47,025	22,110	24,915	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	0	23,970	11,440	12,530	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,815	10,130	11,685	10	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	915	460	455	20	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	485	250	235	20	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	115	65	45	75,555	36,865	38,685	80	40	45
English and French	10	10	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	105	60	45	69,995	34,230	35,770	75	30	40
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,115	555	560	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	775	410	365
None	790	395	395	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	575	310	260
English	135	65	65	104,745	51,660	53,085	55	30	30
French	0	0	0	11,450	5,290	6,160	0	0	0
Non-official language	150	65	80	127,610	60,685	66,920	105	50	55
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	635	285	350	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	140	65	75	126,970	60,410	66,565	105	50	55
English and French	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	16,885	8,395	8,490	30	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5	14,095	6,810	7,285	10	0	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,080	545	535	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	910	505	410
Official languages	1,060	530	525	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	850	470	370
English	1,060	530	525	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	850	470	370
French	80	30	50	103,915	47,090	56,830	10	0	10
Non-official languages	535	285	250	562,910	270,945	291,960	585	320	275
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	535	285	250	561,340	270,320	291,010	585	320	275
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	45	15	54,595	28,250	26,345	250	145	105
Berber languages	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	110	65	45
Bilen	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	95	60	40
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	45	15	50,645	26,150	24,495	145	90	60
Amharic	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	35	20	10
Arabic	45	35	10	35,250	18,505	16,750	45	25	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	105	60	45
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	20,885	9,635	11,250	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	19,415	8,900	10,515	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	325	165	165	76,815	33,930	42,890	205	110	95
Bikol	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	20	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10	6,615	2,860	3,755	45	25	20
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	325	165	160	72,900	32,140	40,755	205	110	95
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	115	60	55	286,570	140,880	145,685	95	55	40
Albanian	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	10	37,905	17,730	20,175	15	15	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	15	10	37,610	17,610	20,005	15	15	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950	0	0	0
Russian	20	15	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	15	15	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	15	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	0	25	143,590	72,720	70,870	70	30	35
Indo-Aryan languages	20	0	15	128,685	65,260	63,425	70	30	35
Assamese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	45,340	22,980	22,370	25	10	20
Kacchi	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	68,525	34,920	33,610	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	15	0	10	31,710	16,195	15,515	40	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	25	15	80,155	38,210	41,945	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0
Spanish	20	15	10	60,770	28,640	32,125	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	10	20	18,385	9,360	9,025	35	0	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	82,875	39,220	43,660	45	20	25
Chinese languages	0	0	0	81,080	38,330	42,750	30	10	20
Hakka	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	46,460	21,635	24,825	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	42,910	20,105	22,800	30	10	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,080	550	530	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	910	500	410
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	65	35	30	53,700	25,250	28,450	20	10	10
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	65	35	30	51,520	24,220	27,300	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian)	55	30	25	22,470	10,235	12,230	0	0	0
Métis	15	0	10	28,475	13,685	14,790	20	10	10
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,015	515	500	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	890	490	405
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,080	550	530	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	910	500	410
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	45	25	20	17,145	7,900	9,240	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,035	520	515	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	910	500	410
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	500	...	...	604,630	...	...	275	...	...
Owner	55	...	...	431,680	...	...	205	...	...
Renter	445	...	...	172,945	...	...	70	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	500	...	...	604,630	...	...	275	...	...
Condominium	135	...	...	138,505	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	365	...	...	466,125	...	...	270	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	500	...	...	604,630	...	...	275	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	185	...	...	63,480	...	...	15	...	...
2 bedrooms	200	...	...	132,670	...	...	40	...	...
3 bedrooms	80	...	...	208,570	...	...	90	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	30	...	...	196,735	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	500	...	...	604,630	...	...	275	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	365	...	...	168,320	...	...	60	...	...
5 rooms	55	...	...	92,700	...	...	55	...	...
6 rooms	35	...	...	85,005	...	...	45	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	74,790	...	...	30	...	...
8 or more rooms	30	...	...	183,815	...	...	90	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.0	...	...	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	500	...	...	604,630	...	...	275	...	...
One person or fewer per room	460	...	...	587,240	...	...	235	...	...
More than one person per room	40	...	...	17,390	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	500	...	...	604,630	...	...	275	...	...
Suitable	410	...	...	576,220	...	...	215	...	...
Not suitable	95	...	...	28,410	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	500	...	...	604,630	...	...	275	...	...
1960 or before	75	...	...	48,925	...	...	25	...	...
1961 to 1980	195	...	...	146,775	...	...	210	...	...
1981 to 1990	40	...	...	67,920	...	...	20	...	...
1991 to 2000	35	...	...	93,515	...	...	25	...	...
2001 to 2005	30	...	...	63,060	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	64,550	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	120	...	...	57,870	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	500	...	...	604,630	...	...	275	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	490	...	...	578,295	...	...	265	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	26,340	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	500	...	...	604,630	...	...	275	...	...
One-maintainer household	280	...	...	286,505	...	...	160	...	...
Two-maintainer household	190	...	...	282,890	...	...	100	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30	...	...	35,230	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	500	...	...	604,630	...	...	275	...	...
15 to 24 years	55	...	...	15,275	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	120	...	...	95,360	...	...	35	...	...
35 to 44 years	145	...	...	132,875	...	...	65	...	...
45 to 54 years	70	...	...	121,200	...	...	60	...	...
55 to 64 years	55	...	...	114,325	...	...	20	...	...
65 to 74 years	35	...	...	78,705	...	...	30	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	34,680	...	...	60	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	490	...	...	599,605	...	...	280	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	325	...	...	466,085	...	...	235	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	165	...	...	133,520	...	...	50	...	...
30% to less than 100%	155	...	...	119,800	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	500	...	...	604,630	...	...	275	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	245	...	...	174,520	...	...	115	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	145	...	...	121,340	...	...	40	...	...
Not suitable only	75	...	...	22,225	...	...	60	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	17,480	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	4,610	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	7,285	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	255	...	...	430,110	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	480	...	...	585,885	...	...	280	...	...
In core need	115	...	...	55,440	...	...	30	...	...
Not in core need	360	...	...	530,445	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	55	...	...	429,490	...	...	210	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.6	...	...	65.7	...	...	57.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	14.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,980	...	...	1,740	...	...	1,410	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,650	...	...	1,792	...	...	1,320	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	460,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	460,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	348,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	450	...	...	172,840	...	...	75	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.7	...	...	8.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.8	...	...	34.5	...	...	20.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	27.4	...	...	20.2	...	...	26.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,350	...	...	1,050	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,236	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,120	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,080	545	535	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	915	500	410
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	45	25	20	17,860	8,295	9,570	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	45	25	20	17,385	8,070	9,315	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	45	25	20	11,610	5,320	6,285	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	20	0	10	47,230	22,330	24,905	20	0	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	20	0	10	45,875	21,725	24,145	20	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	10	25,470	12,020	13,445	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,020	515	500	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	900	495	400
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,080	545	535	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	910	500	410
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	735	365	370	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	580	325	250
Canadian citizens aged under 18	150	105	45	325,765	167,940	157,820	170	95	70
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	590	260	330	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	405	230	180
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	345	180	160	174,615	83,940	90,680	330	175	155
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,080	545	535	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	910	500	410
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	570	285	280	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	405	230	180
Immigrants⁸¹	485	240	240	473,580	227,640	245,935	475	265	210
Before 1980	10	10	0	56,750	27,435	29,320	25	0	25
1980 to 1990	20	10	0	44,975	21,950	23,020	15	10	10
1991 to 2000	40	20	20	67,220	32,280	34,935	15	15	10
2001 to 2010	95	35	60	127,170	61,140	66,030	85	45	35
2011 to 2021⁸²	315	165	155	177,465	84,835	92,630	335	195	135
2011 to 2015	100	60	45	89,810	43,015	46,795	135	85	50
2016 to 2021	215	110	110	87,650	41,815	45,835	200	110	85
Non-permanent residents⁸³	25	15	10	28,410	14,945	13,470	30	0	25
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	480	240	240	473,580	227,640	245,935	475	265	210
Under 5 years	25	15	10	41,205	20,985	20,220	40	30	15
5 to 14 years	105	50	55	79,795	41,370	38,425	70	40	30
15 to 24 years	75	40	35	82,830	37,905	44,930	75	40	35
25 to 44 years	240	125	120	223,080	105,885	117,190	220	125	100
45 years and over	40	20	20	46,670	21,495	25,170	65	35	35
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	480	240	240	473,580	227,640	245,935	475	265	210
Americas	25	15	15	50,280	23,315	26,970	15	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	10	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	12,355	5,775	6,585	0	0	0
Europe	30	20	10	83,855	41,815	42,040	20	15	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	27,675	14,575	13,095	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	0	0	0
Africa	75	50	25	55,355	27,975	27,385	200	115	90
Algeria	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	60	40	25
Ethiopia	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	25	20	10
Morocco	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	70	30	40
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	35	15	18,410	9,205	9,210	35	20	15
Asia	360	165	190	279,930	132,545	147,390	235	130	110
Afghanistan	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	36,925	16,915	20,015	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0
Philippines	310	145	170	71,315	31,605	39,715	175	100	75
Viet Nam	0	0	0	16,350	7,325	9,030	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	61,580	30,730	30,850	25	10	15
Pakistan	10	0	10	19,425	9,810	9,615	20	10	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	10	22,735	10,640	12,090	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	220	110	110	87,650	41,815	45,830	200	115	85
Americas	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0
Africa	25	10	15	15,820	7,845	7,980	110	65	45
Algeria	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	40	30	10
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	15	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	310	140	170	35	10	25
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	185	90	95	55,100	25,850	29,250	85	40	40
Afghanistan	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	14,870	7,455	7,420	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	165	75	90	17,470	7,940	9,535	65	35	30
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,080	550	535	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	910	500	415
First generation¹⁰⁰	515	260	255	518,345	251,010	267,335	525	280	245
Second generation¹⁰¹	195	115	80	329,675	166,505	163,165	175	95	80
Third generation or more¹⁰²	370	175	195	723,920	364,750	359,170	215	125	90
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	470	230	240	416,830	200,210	216,615	445	260	185
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	320	135	185	235,880	118,150	117,730	155	95	60
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	105	45	65	95,815	58,035	37,780	65	40	25
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	210	95	120	140,065	60,120	79,950	85	55	30
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	90	50	40	117,720	48,395	69,330	85	45	35
Refugees¹⁰⁸	65	45	20	58,995	31,595	27,395	210	115	90
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	470	230	240	416,830	200,210	216,615	445	260	185
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	14,765	8,620	6,145	10	10	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	115	45	70	53,180	23,440	29,750	65	40	25
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	0	10	10,665	5,460	5,205	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	10	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	325	175	150	313,060	149,760	163,300	350	190	160
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,080	550	530	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	910	500	415
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	580	310	270	575,650	282,735	292,910	625	330	290
South Asian	20	0	15	154,385	78,430	75,955	55	25	35
Chinese	0	0	0	93,975	45,570	48,410	15	0	15
Black	90	55	30	76,470	38,665	37,800	285	160	120
Filipino	360	175	185	92,235	42,365	49,880	205	110	100
Arab	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	25	15	10
Latin American	10	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	50	25	25	28,720	13,405	15,310	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	20	10	10
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	20,840	10,195	10,645	20	15	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	500	235	265	996,285	499,530	496,755	285	170	120
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,080	545	535	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	910	505	410
Canadian	160	75	85	168,075	87,325	80,750	95	55	40
English	80	35	50	276,300	136,835	139,465	90	55	40
Irish	65	30	35	202,260	98,040	104,225	45	20	25
Scottish	100	40	55	235,385	115,820	119,575	85	45	40
French, n.o.s.¹²²	65	30	35	104,160	50,935	53,225	25	20	0
German	50	20	30	197,770	97,860	99,910	45	25	20
Chinese	0	0	0	99,705	48,045	51,650	35	15	20
Italian	15	0	10	44,840	22,330	22,510	0	0	0
Indian (India)	0	0	0	77,900	39,545	38,355	15	0	15
Ukrainian	55	25	25	89,615	43,675	45,940	55	45	10
Dutch	55	20	30	53,665	26,510	27,155	0	0	0
Polish	20	10	10	53,675	25,885	27,790	20	15	10
Québécois	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	53,825	27,135	26,690	30	20	10
Filipino	300	150	145	86,850	40,140	46,710	180	95	85
French Canadian	15	10	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	15	0	15	26,685	13,810	12,875	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	30	20	10	15,785	7,425	8,360	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	25	10	15	28,815	14,565	14,250	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	36,090	16,840	19,255	20	15	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	44,865	21,320	23,545	20	10	10
Welsh	0	0	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	0	0	0
Spanish	25	15	10	19,620	9,075	10,545	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	40	20	15
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	20,085	10,145	9,940	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	22,750	10,685	12,065	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	10	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	60	25	30	15,680	7,485	8,200	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	10	0	10	5,325	2,530	2,795	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	13,225	6,465	6,765	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	0	0	0
Muslim	15	10	0	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0
Nigerian	35	20	10	8,720	4,460	4,265	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	95	60	40
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	10	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	100	60	40
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,080	550	530	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	910	500	410
Buddhist	0	0	0	22,425	9,955	12,470	40	20	25
Christian	665	330	335	713,465	336,705	376,760	550	295	255
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	100	40	60	153,665	73,675	79,985	130	85	45
Anabaptist	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	35,625	16,415	19,210	45	20	25
Baptist	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	30	10	20
Catholic	520	275	245	312,410	149,290	163,120	175	95	75
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	90	55	35
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	0	0	0
Presbyterian	15	0	15	10,200	4,585	5,615	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	10	0	0	51,720	22,415	29,305	30	15	15
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	43,375	20,405	22,970	15	10	0
Hindu	0	0	0	35,335	18,180	17,155	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0
Muslim	85	50	35	101,285	51,675	49,610	175	105	70
Sikh	0	0	0	56,230	28,325	27,905	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	305	155	145	623,560	328,795	294,765	140	85	55
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,075	540	535	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	900	495	405
Non-movers	640	350	290	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	765	420	350
Movers	440	195	245	209,550	104,275	105,275	130	75	55
Non-migrants	335	135	195	147,415	73,505	73,910	90	55	30
Migrants	105	55	50	62,135	30,765	31,365	45	20	25
Internal migrants	90	50	40	47,380	23,440	23,940	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	30	15	15	28,075	13,860	14,215	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	65	35	30	19,305	9,580	9,725	0	0	0
External migrants	10	0	10	14,755	7,325	7,430	45	20	25
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,010	485	525	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	855	465	390
Non-movers	275	145	130	863,155	429,060	434,095	420	225	195
Movers	735	340	390	619,175	307,300	311,880	435	235	195
Non-migrants	415	175	240	363,260	181,560	181,700	205	110	95
Migrants	320	170	150	255,920	125,740	130,180	230	130	100
Internal migrants	150	95	60	177,420	87,415	90,005	100	70	30
Intraprovincial migrants	90	55	35	112,590	55,855	56,735	50	35	15
Interprovincial migrants	65	35	25	64,830	31,560	33,270	45	35	15
External migrants	170	75	90	78,500	38,320	40,180	135	65	70
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	915	430	485	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	705	370	340
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	160	80	75	182,850	95,955	86,895	155	80	70
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	755	345	410	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	555	290	265
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	625	295	335	886,650	437,700	448,950	480	235	240
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65	40	25	79,025	43,715	35,310	85	40	45
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	560	255	305	807,620	393,985	413,640	395	200	195
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	915	430	485	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	710	370	340
No certificate, diploma or degree	150	85	65	163,710	84,360	79,350	130	65	65
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	265	140	125	339,400	169,445	169,950	210	105	105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	495	205	290	775,265	377,350	397,915	370	200	165
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	275	115	165	348,595	174,345	174,250	270	150	120
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	70	45	25	84,805	63,760	21,050	65	65	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	40	25	15	29,285	16,610	12,680	10	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	30	25	10	55,525	47,150	8,375	55	55	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	160	50	110	221,065	92,585	128,480	165	70	95
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	45	15	30	42,725	18,000	24,720	35	15	25
Bachelor's degree or higher	225	95	130	426,670	203,005	223,660	95	60	40
Bachelor's degree	185	80	105	294,610	137,240	157,375	90	50	40
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	10	0	22,475	10,080	12,390	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	0	0	0
Master's degree	30	10	20	86,005	42,875	43,130	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	630	295	335	886,650	437,700	448,950	480	240	240
No certificate, diploma or degree	55	35	20	66,625	36,450	30,175	70	25	45
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	155	85	70	197,715	102,665	95,045	130	60	65
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	415	170	250	622,315	298,585	323,730	280	150	130
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	225	90	130	266,590	133,640	132,950	195	100	95
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50	35	15	63,270	48,090	15,175	50	45	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	20	10	20,715	12,025	8,685	15	15	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	15	10	42,560	36,060	6,495	40	35	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	135	45	90	170,270	71,565	98,700	120	50	70
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	15	20	33,050	13,985	19,070	30	0	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	195	75	115	355,720	164,940	190,775	80	50	30
Bachelor's degree	165	70	95	244,340	111,530	132,810	80	50	30
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	0	0	0
Master's degree	20	0	20	74,335	35,965	38,370	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	920	430	485	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	710	370	340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	415	220	190	503,110	253,805	249,305	340	170	170
Education	20	0	20	46,605	10,200	36,405	20	0	15
13. Education	20	0	20	46,605	10,200	36,405	20	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	10	23,385	9,460	13,925	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	10	20,825	7,530	13,295	0	0	0
Humanities	15	15	0	34,000	12,365	21,635	15	0	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	7,415	1,915	5,495	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	11,560	4,095	7,460	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	55	25	30	83,860	28,790	55,065	25	0	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	10	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	10	15,515	5,275	10,245	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	20	10	10	30,700	14,865	15,830	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	125	30	100	177,710	75,825	101,885	90	30	55
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	125	30	95	168,935	74,160	94,770	90	30	55
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	39,940	20,670	19,265	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	10	15	36,465	23,975	12,485	30	20	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	10	15	30,070	21,020	9,055	30	20	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	105	90	10	173,505	149,155	24,355	105	95	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	0	0	0
14. Engineering	55	50	10	66,620	53,075	13,545	20	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	35	35	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	28,060	27,225	835	20	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20	20	0	22,210	21,530	675	15	15	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	11,885	11,515	375	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	15,905	7,900	8,005	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	0	0	0
Health and related fields	90	20	70	111,080	22,865	88,215	45	15	30
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	90	20	70	98,680	16,900	81,780	45	15	30
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	40	15	30	32,595	16,030	16,565	25	0	20
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	30	0	30	20,215	6,265	13,950	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	5,925	5,440	480	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	625	295	330	886,650	437,700	448,950	480	240	240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	215	125	85	264,340	139,115	125,220	200	90	115
Education	25	0	25	33,450	6,965	26,475	20	0	15
13. Education	25	0	25	33,450	6,965	26,475	20	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	0	0	0
Humanities	15	15	0	26,945	9,460	17,490	10	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,035	1,555	4,480	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	9,440	3,220	6,225	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	25	20	69,810	23,220	46,590	25	0	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	10	12,925	4,080	8,840	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	10	0	25,655	12,155	13,505	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	110	25	90	145,930	61,450	84,480	70	25	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	110	25	85	138,835	60,195	78,640	70	25	45
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	0	10	31,330	20,720	10,615	20	20	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	10	26,680	18,555	8,125	20	20	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	85	80	10	138,260	116,630	21,630	65	60	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	0	0	0
14. Engineering	50	45	10	55,310	43,055	12,260	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	0	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	30	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	21,755	21,035	720	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	16,875	16,295	580	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,785	8,485	305	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0
Health and related fields	80	15	65	88,715	18,735	69,980	30	15	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	80	15	65	78,745	14,010	64,730	30	15	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	35	10	25	25,425	12,820	12,610	20	0	15
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	25	0	25	15,385	4,880	10,500	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	4,710	4,340	370	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	625	295	330	886,650	437,700	448,950	480	240	240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	215	125	85	264,340	139,115	125,220	200	90	115
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	415	165	250	622,310	298,585	323,730	280	150	130
Location of study inside Canada	215	85	135	455,590	220,680	234,910	105	60	45
Same as province or territory of residence	175	65	110	328,175	157,540	170,630	80	45	35
Different than province or territory of residence	45	15	25	127,410	63,135	64,275	30	15	10
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	200	90	110	166,725	77,905	88,820	175	95	85
Americas	25	10	15	28,670	14,305	14,360	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0
Africa	35	20	15	13,270	6,695	6,570	45	15	25
Nigeria	15	10	10	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	40	15	20
Asia	145	60	85	91,990	39,695	52,295	125	65	55
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	0	0	0
Philippines	145	60	85	30,585	12,115	18,470	120	60	55
Viet Nam	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	25,005	11,780	13,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	915	430	485	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	710	370	340
In the labour force	615	295	320	882,705	463,170	419,540	445	255	190
Employed	535	250	280	776,015	408,675	367,335	385	205	175
Unemployed	80	45	35	106,695	54,490	52,205	60	50	20
Not in the labour force	305	135	170	395,665	167,985	227,680	265	115	150
Participation rate	67.2	68.6	66.0	69.0	73.4	64.8	62.7	68.9	55.9
Employment rate	58.5	58.1	57.7	60.7	64.8	56.8	54.2	55.4	51.5
Unemployment rate	13.0	15.3	10.9	12.1	11.8	12.4	13.5	19.6	10.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	920	430	485	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	710	370	340
Did not work¹⁸⁶	340	140	200	422,665	183,645	239,020	285	145	150
Worked	570	290	285	855,710	447,510	408,200	420	230	195
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	270	150	120	450,195	257,535	192,655	220	130	90
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	305	140	165	405,520	189,970	215,550	200	95	105
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.0	40.2	40.7	41.5	39.8	38.9	40.4	37.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	615	300	320	882,710	463,165	419,540	445	250	190
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	0	15	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	15	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	600	290	305	853,695	449,150	404,550	430	240	185
Employee	570	275	290	715,140	365,090	350,050	390	215	180
Permanent position	455	235	220	600,125	311,480	288,645	305	180	125
Temporary position	110	40	70	115,020	53,615	61,405	90	40	55
Fixed term (1 year or more)	45	15	30	37,760	16,790	20,970	30	15	15
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	65	25	40	77,260	36,820	40,435	60	25	35
Self-employed¹⁹²	30	15	15	138,550	84,060	54,500	35	25	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	615	300	320	882,710	463,165	419,540	445	250	190
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	0	15	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	15	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	600	290	305	853,695	449,150	404,550	430	240	185
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	75	20	55	161,170	53,245	107,930	60	15	45
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	25	20	0	94,565	72,340	22,225	15	10	0
3 Health occupations	40	0	40	69,305	13,810	55,490	35	0	35
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	60	20	40	92,850	30,655	62,195	25	10	15
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	10	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	250	90	155	209,115	94,840	114,280	140	70	70
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	85	85	0	147,375	132,085	15,290	105	100	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	15	10	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	40	30	10	25,565	19,070	6,490	30	15	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	615	300	320	882,710	463,165	419,540	445	250	190
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	0	15	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	15	0
All industries¹⁹¹	600	290	305	853,695	449,150	404,550	430	240	185
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	0	10	39,750	26,465	13,290	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	0	0	0
23 Construction	45	35	15	75,665	63,720	11,945	55	45	10
31-33 Manufacturing	40	40	0	41,545	30,255	11,295	25	25	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	15	0	15
44-45 Retail trade	90	30	60	96,885	46,555	50,330	40	25	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	30	30	0	56,135	40,670	15,470	60	35	25
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	10	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	10	0	10	30,760	13,930	16,825	10	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	20	20	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	55	30	30	96,185	55,190	40,995	0	0	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	35	15	20	37,790	21,285	16,510	25	10	10
61 Educational services	25	10	15	55,510	16,805	38,700	10	10	0
62 Health care and social assistance	80	15	70	107,190	20,475	86,720	50	0	45
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	85	45	40	49,900	22,440	27,460	65	45	20
81 Other services (except public administration)	40	25	20	37,065	16,090	20,975	15	10	0
91 Public administration	10	0	10	31,305	16,235	15,075	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	670	335	335	926,320	483,455	442,860	455	255	195
English	625	305	315	878,705	460,305	418,400	435	245	195
French	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	10	10	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	10	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	0	0	0
English and French	20	10	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	30,355	15,535	14,825	20	15	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	670	335	335	926,320	483,455	442,860	455	255	195
Single responses	655	330	325	919,325	479,835	439,490	455	255	195
Official languages	645	320	325	906,220	473,040	433,180	445	250	195
English	645	320	325	903,745	472,395	431,350	445	250	195
French	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0
Non-official languages	10	10	0	13,105	6,795	6,310	10	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	10	0	13,090	6,795	6,300	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	10	10	7,000	3,625	3,375	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	5,765	3,065	2,695	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	670	335	335	926,320	483,455	442,860	455	255	195
None	645	320	330	893,045	467,350	425,695	435	245	195
English	0	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	10	0	0
French	20	10	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	0	0	0
Non-official language	15	10	0	17,585	8,825	8,760	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	0	17,465	8,780	8,690	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	540	250	285	776,010	408,680	367,335	380	205	175
Worked at home	60	20	35	215,520	105,290	110,230	40	10	30
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	65	30	25	113,260	83,885	29,375	80	40	35
Usual place of work	415	195	225	444,410	217,405	227,005	265	155	105
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	415	195	220	444,410	217,405	227,005	265	160	105
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	395	185	205	361,065	170,000	191,065	235	135	105
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20	10	10	69,230	37,715	31,505	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	475	230	245	557,670	301,290	256,380	340	195	145
Car, truck or van	320	180	145	473,465	261,055	212,410	275	165	110
Car, truck or van - as a driver	285	160	125	441,645	249,990	191,655	230	140	85
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	35	15	15	31,820	11,060	20,755	50	25	20
Public transit	100	40	65	40,930	17,775	23,165	60	20	40
Walked	30	10	20	22,670	10,345	12,325	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0
Other method	15	0	15	16,245	8,875	7,365	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	475	230	245	557,670	301,290	256,380	340	195	145
Less than 15 minutes	150	65	85	128,460	58,155	70,310	90	45	40
15 to 29 minutes	200	115	85	242,460	130,855	111,610	145	85	60
30 to 44 minutes	60	30	35	125,765	75,100	50,660	45	30	0
45 to 59 minutes	20	15	0	31,050	18,505	12,545	40	20	15
60 minutes and over	45	15	35	29,930	18,665	11,265	25	10	15
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	475	230	245	557,670	301,290	256,380	340	195	145
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	15	0	37,665	27,280	10,390	15	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	85	45	35	100,900	63,500	37,400	85	50	30
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	110	55	55	143,455	75,755	67,700	70	50	20
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	55	35	25	105,095	50,620	54,475	45	15	30
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	90	20	70	79,595	35,415	44,180	20	15	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	115	55	60	90,950	48,715	42,230	110	55	50
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	235	135	100	356,225	183,250	172,980	180	100	75
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	15	15	25,335	12,890	12,445	5	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	210	120	90	330,890	170,360	160,535	170	95	75
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	155	85	75	259,535	133,590	125,945	125	65	60
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	5	10	18,890	9,625	9,270	0	0	0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	5	5	9,575	4,670	4,910	0	0	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	0	10	9,315	4,955	4,360	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	135	75	60	240,640	123,965	116,675	120	60	55

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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