Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48061460More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48060206More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48062375More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	711	...	...	217	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	956	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	223	...	...	82	...	...	638,160	...	...	271	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	219	...	...	81	...	...	604,628	...	...	261	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,119.9	...	...	1,951.4	...	...	126.1	...	...	4,643.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.34	...	...	0.11	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	0.21	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	710	255	460	220	105	110	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	955	475	480
0 to 14 years	80	50	35	35	20	15	294,075	151,285	142,785	200	105	95
0 to 4 years	20	10	10	10	5	5	89,790	46,155	43,630	60	30	25
5 to 9 years	25	15	10	15	10	5	100,905	51,680	49,225	65	30	35
10 to 14 years	40	25	15	5	5	0	103,380	53,450	49,930	80	45	35
15 to 64 years	340	155	190	130	65	65	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	665	330	330
15 to 19 years	20	15	10	10	5	5	92,025	47,355	44,675	70	40	35
20 to 24 years	20	10	5	15	5	15	91,515	47,260	44,260	75	35	40
25 to 29 years	20	5	15	10	5	0	101,235	50,320	50,915	65	40	30
30 to 34 years	35	15	15	10	5	10	123,235	60,255	62,980	65	35	25
35 to 39 years	45	25	20	15	10	5	132,045	64,950	67,095	75	25	45
40 to 44 years	30	15	15	15	10	5	121,735	60,110	61,625	90	45	45
45 to 49 years	35	20	15	5	5	0	111,345	55,485	55,860	65	30	30
50 to 54 years	35	20	20	10	5	5	103,325	51,835	51,490	50	25	30
55 to 59 years	75	25	50	25	15	10	101,580	50,260	51,320	55	30	20
60 to 64 years	35	15	20	15	5	10	96,735	47,710	49,020	55	25	30
65 years and over	290	55	235	50	25	25	221,795	103,495	118,300	90	40	55
65 to 69 years	50	25	20	15	5	5	78,095	38,250	39,845	30	15	15
70 to 74 years	70	15	55	15	5	5	58,785	28,310	30,475	30	15	20
75 to 79 years	15	10	10	10	5	5	36,570	17,235	19,340	20	10	10
80 to 84 years	45	5	35	10	5	5	23,750	10,405	13,350	5	0	0
85 years and over	120	5	110	5	0	0	24,595	9,300	15,290	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	60	5	55	5	0	0	15,285	6,230	9,050	5	0	0
90 to 94 years	40	0	40	0	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	5	0	5
95 to 99 years	20	0	20	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.3	19.6	7.6	15.9	19.0	13.6	18.5	19.1	17.8	20.9	22.1	19.8
15 to 64 years	47.9	60.8	41.3	59.1	61.9	59.1	67.6	67.8	67.4	69.6	69.5	68.8
65 years and over	40.8	21.6	51.1	22.7	23.8	22.7	13.9	13.1	14.8	9.4	8.4	11.5
85 years and over	16.9	2.0	23.9	2.3	0.0	0.0	1.5	1.2	1.9	0.5	0.0	1.0
Average age of the population	55.0	43.0	61.7	44.4	44.8	44.0	38.9	38.3	39.6	35.5	34.3	36.7
Median age of the population	57.2	44.8	67.0	44.0	44.4	44.0	38.4	38.0	39.2	34.8	33.2	36.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	220	...	...	80	...	...	604,630	...	...	260	...	...
Single-detached house	170	...	...	80	...	...	351,925	...	...	235	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	0	...	...	39,065	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	45	...	...	0	...	...	57,180	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	0	...	...	21,855	...	...	30	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	89,225	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	220	...	...	80	...	...	604,630	...	...	260	...	...
1 person	60	...	...	10	...	...	151,770	...	...	35	...	...
2 persons	85	...	...	35	...	...	196,980	...	...	50	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	5	...	...	96,165	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	25	...	...	97,780	...	...	55	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	5	...	...	61,930	...	...	75	...	...
Number of persons in private households	520	255	265	215	105	110	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	960	475	480
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	630	205	420	185	90	90	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	755	370	385
Married or living common-law	270	135	140	135	75	65	773,480	387,015	386,465	410	205	210
Married	200	100	100	125	65	65	657,160	328,650	328,510	385	195	190
Living common-law	70	35	35	10	5	5	116,320	58,365	57,960	30	10	15
Living common law - Never married	45	25	20	10	5	5	87,265	43,935	43,330	20	10	15
Living common law - Separated	5	0	0	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	20	10	10	0	0	0	23,185	11,490	11,690	5	0	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	355	75	285	45	20	25	523,090	252,020	271,065	340	165	175
Not married and not living common law - Never married	120	50	65	30	15	20	364,145	197,890	166,255	235	130	100
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	5	5	0	0	0	29,375	12,665	16,710	20	10	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	10	20	0	0	0	79,920	30,945	48,970	55	25	30
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	200	5	195	10	0	10	49,640	10,520	39,125	40	0	35
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	150	...	...	75	...	...	438,900	...	...	250	...	...
2 persons	85	...	...	45	...	...	204,395	...	...	85	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	5	...	...	94,815	...	...	55	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	25	...	...	97,660	...	...	65	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	5	...	...	42,025	...	...	40	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	155	...	...	70	...	...	438,900	...	...	250	...	...
Total couple families	135	...	...	65	...	...	377,050	...	...	195	...	...
Married couples	100	...	...	65	...	...	318,890	...	...	185	...	...
With children⁶	50	...	...	30	...	...	190,345	...	...	130	...	...
Without children	55	...	...	35	...	...	128,545	...	...	50	...	...
Common-law couples	35	...	...	5	...	...	58,160	...	...	10	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	0	...	...	19,165	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	5	...	...	38,995	...	...	10	...	...
Total one-parent families	20	...	...	5	...	...	61,850	...	...	55	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	10	...	...	5	...	...	47,785	...	...	45	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	14,065	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	520	255	265	215	105	115	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	955	480	480
Total - Persons in census families	420	210	205	200	100	100	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	825	405	420
Married spouses or common-law partners	270	130	135	135	70	65	754,090	377,085	377,010	395	195	200
Parents in one-parent families	20	5	15	5	0	0	61,855	14,065	47,790	55	10	45
Children⁶	130	75	55	65	30	30	492,710	260,395	232,315	375	205	175
In a two-parent family	100	60	45	55	20	35	396,580	208,580	188,000	280	150	135
In a one-parent family	25	15	15	5	5	0	96,130	51,815	44,315	90	55	40
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	100	45	60	15	5	10	263,280	130,670	132,615	130	75	60
Living alone	60	20	35	15	5	5	151,765	71,605	80,165	30	20	10
Living with other relatives⁷	20	5	10	5	0	0	40,060	17,085	22,975	50	15	30
Living with non-relatives only	25	15	5	0	0	0	71,460	41,975	29,480	50	40	15
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	215	...	...	80	...	...	604,630	...	...	260	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	135	...	...	60	...	...	375,185	...	...	150	...	...
Couple-family households	120	...	...	65	...	...	328,515	...	...	120	...	...
With children⁶	50	...	...	30	...	...	182,665	...	...	95	...	...
Without children	65	...	...	35	...	...	145,845	...	...	30	...	...
One-parent-family households	10	...	...	5	...	...	46,670	...	...	25	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	0	...	...	20,165	...	...	35	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,730	...	...	10	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	0	...	...	22,485	...	...	25	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	0	...	...	30,295	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	60	...	...	10	...	...	151,765	...	...	30	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	440	210	230	185	90	95	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	750	370	385
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	420	200	220	x	x	x	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	700	350	350
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	52,000	39,200	x	x	x	44,800	52,400	39,200	32,000	34,000	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	420	200	220	x	x	x	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	700	350	350
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	35,600	x	x	x	40,400	46,000	36,000	31,000	32,000	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	385	185	200	x	x	x	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	575	305	270
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	45,200	27,600	x	x	x	40,800	50,000	32,400	28,800	30,800	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	280	145	135	x	x	x	922,195	474,800	447,395	520	265	250
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,200	33,600	x	x	x	42,400	50,800	34,800	30,400	34,400	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	370	165	205	x	x	x	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	640	315	330
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,300	12,000	12,500	x	x	x	7,600	5,600	9,100	9,300	7,550	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45	20	25	x	x	x	136,975	64,415	72,555	100	40	60
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	6,950	6,280	x	x	x	5,800	5,760	5,880	6,700	5,600	6,850
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	115	55	60	x	x	x	384,535	184,820	199,710	310	160	160
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	9,200	9,500	x	x	x	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	405	200	195	195	100	95	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	720	340	375
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	390	200	190	x	x	x	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	655	310	345
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,800	56,800	48,400	x	x	x	65,500	78,400	52,850	40,500	40,400	40,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	390	200	190	x	x	x	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	655	310	345
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,800	48,800	42,400	x	x	x	53,050	61,750	44,560	36,100	35,600	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	360	185	175	x	x	x	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	555	275	280
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	49,600	40,000	x	x	x	62,300	76,300	48,160	35,600	36,000	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	260	140	120	x	x	x	922,200	475,075	447,125	495	250	250
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,600	52,000	46,000	x	x	x	60,800	73,200	47,640	36,600	36,400	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	345	170	175	x	x	x	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	610	295	315
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,760	13,900	11,700	x	x	x	10,020	8,930	11,050	11,000	9,200	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55	40	15	x	x	x	136,685	64,550	72,135	95	40	55
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	9,000	5,000	x	x	x	7,070	6,620	7,480	7,700	7,800	7,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	120	65	60	x	x	x	383,100	184,610	198,485	265	135	135
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	9,600	7,800	x	x	x	9,270	9,160	9,380	9,300	9,600	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	405	205	195	195	100	95	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	720	345	380
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	125	75	55	x	x	x	432,255	245,295	186,965	210	105	105
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	73,000	64,500	x	x	x	73,000	80,000	65,000	54,800	55,200	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,000	76,000	68,000	x	x	x	94,000	107,000	76,900	54,000	53,000	55,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	105	55	50	x	x	x	374,345	173,060	201,290	210	110	100
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,500	7,950	40,800	x	x	x	20,400	23,400	18,400	20,800	14,900	21,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,500	26,000	39,000	x	x	x	33,960	40,480	28,360	25,800	25,200	26,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.5	79.0	77.0	x	x	x	86.6	90.2	81.4	74.5	78.0	71.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.0	64.0	62.0	x	x	x	70.6	74.0	65.6	68.5	71.0	66.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.6	20.8	22.8	x	x	x	13.4	9.8	18.5	25.4	21.6	28.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	3.2	0.8	x	x	x	1.2	0.9	1.7	2.8	2.6	3.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	6.0	5.8	x	x	x	5.0	3.9	6.5	10.3	10.8	10.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2	5.6	4.8	x	x	x	4.5	3.6	5.7	9.2	10.0	8.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	435	205	230	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	755	370	385
Without total income	15	10	10	x	x	x	63,430	30,900	32,525	55	25	30
With total income	415	200	220	x	x	x	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	705	345	355
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	5	20	x	x	x	107,500	44,415	63,085	75	35	45
$10,000 to $19,999	50	30	25	x	x	x	115,465	47,780	67,690	100	45	60
$20,000 to $29,999	70	35	35	x	x	x	178,230	78,800	99,430	140	70	70
$30,000 to $39,999	50	20	35	x	x	x	142,910	61,170	81,740	95	55	40
$40,000 to $49,999	40	15	25	x	x	x	122,655	55,960	66,690	95	45	50
$50,000 to $59,999	45	25	20	x	x	x	101,530	48,280	53,245	70	35	30
$60,000 to $69,999	45	15	25	x	x	x	85,080	42,725	42,355	55	20	30
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	x	x	x	68,705	36,885	31,825	15	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	10	x	x	x	53,900	30,515	23,385	25	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	x	x	x	45,345	25,570	19,775	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	45	30	15	x	x	x	193,625	128,165	65,460	20	15	5
$100,000 to $149,999	30	20	10	x	x	x	113,250	69,295	43,955	15	10	5
$150,000 and over	15	10	5	x	x	x	80,375	58,870	21,505	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	435	205	230	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	755	370	385
Without after-tax income	15	10	10	x	x	x	62,710	30,505	32,210	55	25	30
With after-tax income	415	200	220	x	x	x	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	705	345	355
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	5	20	x	x	x	112,205	46,185	66,020	75	35	45
$10,000 to $19,999	50	30	20	x	x	x	120,545	50,115	70,430	100	40	60
$20,000 to $29,999	80	40	40	x	x	x	201,940	89,680	112,255	165	85	80
$30,000 to $39,999	60	20	40	x	x	x	166,565	73,405	93,160	100	55	45
$40,000 to $49,999	55	25	30	x	x	x	143,135	67,430	75,705	110	50	60
$50,000 to $59,999	50	25	20	x	x	x	114,565	57,190	57,380	70	35	40
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	x	x	x	87,375	47,045	40,330	35	20	15
$70,000 to $79,999	20	15	10	x	x	x	65,115	36,810	28,305	20	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	5	x	x	x	51,690	28,935	22,760	10	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	x	x	x	35,160	21,215	13,945	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	15	10	0	x	x	x	117,360	82,665	34,700	5	5	0
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	x	x	x	48,950	32,240	16,710	10	0	0
$125,000 and over	10	10	0	x	x	x	68,410	50,430	17,985	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	435	205	230	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	755	370	385
Without employment income	155	60	100	x	x	x	356,175	156,380	199,795	235	100	135
With employment income	275	145	130	x	x	x	922,200	474,800	447,395	520	270	250
Under $5,000 (including loss)	40	15	25	x	x	x	116,020	54,130	61,895	75	35	35
$5,000 to $9,999	25	15	10	x	x	x	73,350	31,190	42,165	50	20	30
$10,000 to $19,999	30	15	20	x	x	x	101,970	44,705	57,260	75	35	45
$20,000 to $29,999	15	10	10	x	x	x	78,390	35,640	42,745	55	35	20
$30,000 to $39,999	20	10	10	x	x	x	73,695	34,455	39,235	60	30	30
$40,000 to $49,999	20	10	5	x	x	x	71,335	34,515	36,815	65	35	25
$50,000 to $59,999	25	15	10	x	x	x	67,050	32,805	34,245	50	25	25
$60,000 to $69,999	25	5	15	x	x	x	60,120	30,900	29,220	30	15	20
$70,000 to $79,999	10	10	5	x	x	x	49,420	27,665	21,750	15	10	5
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	10	x	x	x	40,555	23,400	17,160	15	15	0
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	0	x	x	x	37,010	20,630	16,375	10	5	0
$100,000 and over	35	30	10	x	x	x	153,280	104,755	48,525	15	15	0
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	5	x	x	x	61,175	36,970	24,210	10	10	0
$125,000 and over	20	15	0	x	x	x	92,100	67,780	24,320	5	5	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	440	210	230	185	90	95	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	750	370	385
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	425	200	220	x	x	x	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	670	330	345
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	51,200	38,400	x	x	x	44,400	53,200	37,600	30,800	36,400	27,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	425	200	220	x	x	x	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	670	330	345
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,200	34,800	x	x	x	40,000	46,400	34,400	29,400	33,600	26,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	385	185	200	x	x	x	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	560	290	270
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	49,600	33,600	x	x	x	43,600	52,800	35,600	33,600	38,400	29,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	280	140	135	x	x	x	923,490	475,205	448,285	520	265	250
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	54,800	38,400	x	x	x	44,800	53,600	37,600	35,600	40,000	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	355	160	195	x	x	x	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	620	300	320
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800	1,520	6,400	x	x	x	1,190	960	3,040	1,680	1,040	5,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	35	20	15	x	x	x	85,480	38,765	46,720	50	30	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	5,720	x	x	x	x	6,450	5,680	7,200	8,200	7,750	8,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	405	200	195	195	100	95	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	720	340	375
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	390	195	190	x	x	x	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	650	305	345
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,000	55,200	48,800	x	x	x	65,500	80,000	51,400	36,000	36,800	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	390	195	190	x	x	x	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	650	305	345
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	46,400	42,400	x	x	x	52,650	62,600	43,000	31,950	32,000	31,700
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	360	185	175	x	x	x	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	560	270	290
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	51,600	43,600	x	x	x	65,600	80,800	50,200	34,800	37,200	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	260	130	130	x	x	x	923,490	475,385	448,110	510	245	265
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	58,000	47,000	x	x	x	64,100	77,600	49,760	35,000	38,400	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	335	160	180	x	x	x	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	610	280	325
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,920	8,600	9,200	x	x	x	6,130	5,076	7,130	6,480	4,320	8,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30	20	0	x	x	x	84,820	38,275	46,545	55	30	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	7,600	...	x	x	x	8,200	7,120	9,080	12,000	11,000	14,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	405	205	195	195	100	95	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	720	345	380
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	125	70	60	x	x	x	428,265	243,165	185,105	210	105	105
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	54,800	54,800	x	x	x	70,500	78,500	62,000	48,400	48,800	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,000	72,000	62,000	x	x	x	92,000	105,800	74,000	50,000	50,000	51,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	100	50	50	x	x	x	353,070	163,500	189,570	195	95	100
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	44,800	28,000	45,200	x	x	x	28,800	33,200	25,600	19,800	30,000	13,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	45,000	44,000	48,000	x	x	x	43,720	53,050	35,720	26,800	33,000	21,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	88.0	82.0	x	x	x	92.0	94.6	88.2	83.0	90.0	78.0
Employment income (%)	68.0	70.0	66.0	x	x	x	76.2	78.8	72.2	76.5	84.0	70.0
Government transfers (%)	14.7	12.4	17.2	x	x	x	7.9	5.3	11.9	16.8	10.8	22.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.6	x	x	x	x	0.9	0.6	1.4	3.0	2.8	2.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	220	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...	260	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	x	...	...	100,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	x	...	...	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	60	...	...	x	...	...	151,765	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	x	...	...	50,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	x	...	...	44,000	...	...	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	155	...	...	x	...	...	452,860	...	...	230	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	x	...	...	120,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	x	...	...	104,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	210	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...	255	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	x	...	...	131,600	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	x	...	...	106,600	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	x	...	...	151,830	...	...	25	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	x	...	...	67,800	...	...	52,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	x	...	...	55,250	...	...	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	145	...	...	x	...	...	452,795	...	...	225	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	x	...	...	152,800	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	x	...	...	123,800	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	220	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...	260	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	x	...	...	6,730	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	3,245	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	4,475	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	6,245	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	16,055	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	16,860	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	14,380	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	16,415	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	17,790	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	17,750	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	36,405	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	37,740	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	37,230	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	35,705	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	34,355	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	100	...	...	x	...	...	303,255	...	...	130	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	35	...	...	x	...	...	74,975	...	...	45	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	58,215	...	...	40	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	35	...	...	x	...	...	76,310	...	...	30	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	x	...	...	93,755	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	220	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...	260	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	x	...	...	7,625	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	3,380	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	4,615	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	6,745	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	17,335	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	19,015	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	16,770	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	19,345	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	21,320	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	21,155	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	44,695	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	x	...	...	45,520	...	...	30	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	44,095	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	42,705	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	38,715	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	75	...	...	x	...	...	251,600	...	...	105	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	x	...	...	78,970	...	...	45	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	30	...	...	x	...	...	56,565	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 and over	20	...	...	x	...	...	116,060	...	...	30	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	150	...	...	x	...	...	431,155	...	...	225	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	x	...	...	120,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	x	...	...	103,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	70	...	...	x	...	...	151,045	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	x	...	...	107,000	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	x	...	...	92,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	x	...	...	209,715	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	x	...	...	144,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	x	...	...	123,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	x	...	...	56,700	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	75,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	68,500	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	3.2	...	...	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	85	35	45	15	0	10	223,225	113,580	109,645	85	60	30
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	42,000	52,000	x	x	x	44,400	46,000	43,200	36,400	36,000	39,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400	38,800	46,400	x	x	x	40,000	40,800	38,800	34,400	33,200	36,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	145	...	...	x	...	...	431,010	...	...	230	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	x	...	...	153,400	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	x	...	...	123,800	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	70	...	...	x	...	...	151,205	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	x	...	...	141,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	x	...	...	113,400	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	x	...	...	209,670	...	...	145	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	x	...	...	180,800	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	x	...	...	144,600	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	x	...	...	56,445	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	x	...	...	90,200	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	x	...	...	78,200	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	70	35	35	0	0	0	223,320	113,715	109,605	60	25	35
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,000	72,000	52,000	x	x	x	60,050	61,950	58,050	48,000	40,000	52,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,000	60,000	48,000	x	x	x	49,640	50,640	48,560	42,000	36,000	48,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	520	255	265	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	955	475	475
0 to 17 years	90	50	40	x	x	x	349,785	179,925	169,860	235	125	115
0 to 5 years	25	10	15	x	x	x	109,785	56,290	53,495	70	40	30
18 to 64 years	300	150	155	x	x	x	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	625	315	310
65 years and over	125	55	75	x	x	x	209,135	99,390	109,740	90	40	55
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	50	20	25	x	x	x	134,160	64,550	69,610	75	35	40
0 to 17 years	15	5	10	x	x	x	35,370	18,260	17,110	25	15	15
0 to 5 years	0	5	0	x	x	x	11,490	5,880	5,610	5	5	5
18 to 64 years	20	15	10	x	x	x	78,110	37,880	40,225	45	20	25
65 years and over	15	5	10	x	x	x	20,680	8,400	12,270	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.0	9.0	11.0	x	x	x	8.5	8.3	8.8	7.8	7.2	8.4
0 to 17 years (%)	16.0	12.0	x	x	x	x	10.1	10.2	10.1	11.0	10.0	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5	8.0	x	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	7.0	7.0	x	x	x	7.7	7.5	7.9	6.8	6.8	7.2
65 years and over (%)	12.0	10.0	12.0	x	x	x	9.9	8.5	11.2	6.0	x	8.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	520	255	265	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	955	480	480
0 to 17 years	90	55	35	x	x	x	349,790	179,930	169,855	240	125	110
0 to 5 years	25	15	10	x	x	x	109,785	56,290	53,500	70	40	30
18 to 64 years	305	145	155	x	x	x	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	630	315	315
65 years and over	130	55	70	x	x	x	209,130	99,390	109,740	90	40	50
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	35	15	15	x	x	x	81,680	42,310	39,370	60	25	30
0 to 17 years	15	5	5	x	x	x	18,085	9,305	8,780	15	5	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,625	2,890	2,730	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	20	15	10	x	x	x	57,155	29,990	27,170	45	20	20
65 years and over	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,440	3,015	3,420	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.8	7.0	7.0	x	x	x	5.2	5.4	5.0	6.2	6.0	6.4
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	5.2	5.2	5.2	8.0	4.0	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	9.0	5.0	x	x	x	5.6	6.0	5.3	6.6	7.6	6.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	520	255	265	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	955	475	480
In bottom half of the distribution	265	125	135	x	x	x	673,690	328,825	344,865	570	290	280
In bottom decile	50	25	25	x	x	x	124,250	62,485	61,770	75	35	40
In second decile	50	20	30	x	x	x	132,700	62,320	70,380	135	70	60
In third decile	55	25	30	x	x	x	133,855	64,900	68,960	120	65	55
In fourth decile	50	20	25	x	x	x	138,980	68,120	70,855	110	60	55
In fifth decile	65	30	35	x	x	x	143,905	71,000	72,900	130	65	65
In top half of the distribution	260	130	130	x	x	x	898,245	453,385	444,865	385	185	200
In sixth decile	35	15	20	x	x	x	150,845	75,135	75,710	125	60	70
In seventh decile	70	35	35	x	x	x	155,985	78,075	77,910	100	55	50
In eighth decile	50	30	20	x	x	x	164,975	82,995	81,980	75	35	40
In ninth decile	55	30	30	x	x	x	181,315	91,520	89,795	60	25	35
In top decile	40	25	20	x	x	x	245,130	125,660	119,470	20	10	10
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	520	...	...	x	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	955	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.285	...	...	x	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.241	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402	...	...	x	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.376	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.255	...	...	x	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.220	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	x	...	...	4.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	520	255	265	215	105	115	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	955	480	480
English only	480	230	250	195	95	100	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	860	430	430
French only	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	425	555	0	0	0
English and French	35	15	20	25	15	10	103,090	47,140	55,945	10	10	5
Neither English nor French	5	5	0	0	0	0	34,235	13,810	20,420	80	40	45
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	520	255	265	215	105	115	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	955	480	480
English	505	250	260	205	105	105	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	870	435	435
French	0	0	0	10	0	5	20,675	10,250	10,425	5	5	0
English and French	5	0	0	0	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	5	5	0	0	0	0	33,340	13,355	19,985	80	40	45
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	520	255	265	215	105	115	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	955	480	480
Single responses	505	245	255	210	105	105	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	875	435	445
Official languages	420	200	220	180	90	95	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	275	140	135
English	415	200	220	175	85	90	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	275	135	135
French	5	0	0	5	0	5	20,090	9,970	10,115	5	5	0
Non-official languages	85	40	40	30	10	15	415,050	198,790	216,260	605	295	310
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	270	380	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	40	40	30	10	15	414,405	198,525	215,885	600	295	305
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	35,495	18,255	17,240	20	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	32,085	16,545	15,535	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	10	0	10
Arabic	10	5	5	0	0	0	21,355	11,215	10,145	5	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,785	6,645	8,140	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,810	6,185	7,625	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	5	0	0	0	55,755	24,650	31,110	110	55	55
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	415	555	15	10	5
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	5	5	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	0	0	0	45,300	20,005	25,290	75	35	40
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	15	10	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	10	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	50	25	25	15	10	10	203,750	100,055	103,695	440	220	225
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	5	5	0	30,225	13,960	16,270	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	5	5	0	29,740	13,735	16,005	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5	5	0	0	7,595	3,540	4,050	5	0	5
Russian	10	5	5	0	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	435	460	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	5	5	5	0	17,580	8,490	9,090	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	5	0	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	0	0	0
German	5	0	0	0	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	0	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	106,625	53,665	52,955	415	200	210
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	93,240	46,930	46,305	395	195	205
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	5	5	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,565	3,380	3,180	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,495	4,290	4,205	25	15	10
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	5	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,105	24,690	24,420	315	150	160
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,875	8,975	8,905	35	15	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,350	6,720	6,630	15	10	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,100	5,080	5,020	15	5	5
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	15	5	5
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	5	5	5	0	5	45,970	22,265	23,700	20	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	5	0	5	4,540	2,160	2,375	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	0	0	0	32,170	15,475	16,695	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5	0	5	10,745	4,940	5,800	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	68,720	31,925	36,790	5	0	5
Chinese languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	67,430	31,300	36,130	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,950	14,765	17,190	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0	0	0	32,755	15,315	17,435	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	220	245	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	10	5	10	0	5	73,050	35,515	37,535	75	40	35
English and French	0	0	0	5	5	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0	0	0	58,650	28,715	29,930	70	40	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,680	2,595	3,085	5	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	520	255	265	215	105	115	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	955	480	480
English	440	215	225	195	95	100	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	250	125	120
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390	0	0	0
Non-official language	25	15	10	0	0	0	127,600	60,835	66,760	245	120	125
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	15	10	0	0	0	127,540	60,810	66,730	245	120	125
English and French	0	0	0	5	5	0	14,755	6,925	7,835	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	10	5	5	306,635	148,985	157,650	405	200	210
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,395	5,820	6,575	45	25	20
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	520	255	265	215	105	115	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	955	480	480
Single responses	510	250	260	210	100	110	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	800	400	400
Official languages	465	225	240	205	100	105	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	330	160	165
English	465	225	240	200	100	100	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	330	160	165
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,230	3,560	3,665	0	0	0
Non-official languages	50	20	25	5	0	0	259,415	125,675	133,740	475	240	230
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	20	25	5	0	0	259,295	125,620	133,675	475	240	230
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	22,515	11,260	11,260	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	20,280	10,165	10,115	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	10	5	5
Arabic	10	5	5	0	0	0	12,825	6,490	6,335	5	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,940	4,535	5,405	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,395	4,280	5,110	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	5	0	0	0	35,275	16,595	18,675	80	45	40
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5	0	0	0	29,630	13,885	15,750	60	30	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	5	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	5	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	122,940	60,715	62,220	360	185	175
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	14,005	6,710	7,295	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	13,790	6,605	7,190	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	5	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	375	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	470	515	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,180	39,590	39,590	350	180	170
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,335	35,225	35,110	340	175	170
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,510	2,770	2,740	15	10	5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	5	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,675	20,425	20,245	280	140	140
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,930	6,420	6,510	35	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,825	4,360	4,475	10	5	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,765	3,325	3,435	10	5	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	10	5	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	25,440	12,340	13,100	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0
Spanish	5	5	5	0	0	0	19,825	9,605	10,215	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	47,945	22,570	25,375	5	0	5
Chinese languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	47,025	22,110	24,915	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,970	11,440	12,530	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,815	10,130	11,685	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	5	5	5	0	5	75,555	36,865	38,685	160	80	75
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0	0	0	69,995	34,230	35,770	155	75	80
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	520	255	265	215	105	110	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	955	475	480
None	465	225	240	200	100	100	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	610	295	310
English	20	10	10	5	0	5	104,745	51,660	53,085	160	75	80
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,450	5,290	6,160	5	5	0
Non-official language	30	20	15	5	5	0	127,610	60,685	66,920	140	75	65
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	20	15	5	5	0	126,970	60,410	66,565	140	75	65
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,885	8,395	8,490	20	15	5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,095	6,810	7,285	15	5	10
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	475	255	220	230	125	105	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	925	425	500
Official languages	470	250	220	230	125	105	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	820	365	455
English	470	250	220	230	125	105	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	820	365	455
French	60	30	35	20	10	10	103,915	47,090	56,830	0	0	0
Non-official languages	125	70	55	40	20	20	562,910	270,945	291,960	735	330	410
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	70	55	40	20	20	561,340	270,320	291,010	735	330	410
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,595	28,250	26,345	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,645	26,150	24,495	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,250	18,505	16,750	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,885	9,635	11,250	30	20	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,415	8,900	10,515	30	20	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	20	20	0	0	0	76,815	33,930	42,890	165	65	95
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	15	10	0	0	0	72,900	32,140	40,755	165	65	95
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85	50	30	30	15	15	286,570	140,880	145,685	535	240	300
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	10	0	10	37,905	17,730	20,175	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	10	0	10	37,610	17,610	20,005	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	10	0	15	15	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	15	15	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	15	15	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	0	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	143,590	72,720	70,870	515	230	290
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	128,685	65,260	63,425	490	210	275
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,340	22,980	22,370	130	50	80
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,525	34,920	33,610	370	160	215
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,710	16,195	15,515	65	30	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570	35	20	20
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	35	20	20
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	35	20	20
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	30	25	10	0	10	80,155	38,210	41,945	15	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0
Spanish	45	25	25	0	0	0	60,770	28,640	32,125	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	82,875	39,220	43,660	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,080	38,330	42,750	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,460	21,635	24,825	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,910	20,105	22,800	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	475	255	225	230	125	110	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	925	425	505
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	25	15	10	10	0	0	53,700	25,250	28,450	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	25	15	10	10	0	0	51,520	24,220	27,300	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,470	10,235	12,230	0	0	0
Métis	20	10	10	10	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	455	235	215	220	120	105	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	915	420	500
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	475	255	225	230	125	110	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	925	425	505
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,145	7,900	9,240	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	470	250	220	230	125	110	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	920	425	500
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	205	...	...	80	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
Owner	180	...	...	80	...	...	431,680	...	...	205	...	...
Renter	25	...	...	0	...	...	172,945	...	...	45	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	205	...	...	80	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
Condominium	35	...	...	0	...	...	138,505	...	...	10	...	...
Not condominium	170	...	...	80	...	...	466,125	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	205	...	...	80	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	0	...	...	63,480	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	40	...	...	10	...	...	132,670	...	...	10	...	...
3 bedrooms	90	...	...	25	...	...	208,570	...	...	135	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	65	...	...	50	...	...	196,735	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	205	...	...	80	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	20	...	...	0	...	...	168,320	...	...	50	...	...
5 rooms	30	...	...	0	...	...	92,700	...	...	45	...	...
6 rooms	60	...	...	15	...	...	85,005	...	...	60	...	...
7 rooms	50	...	...	10	...	...	74,790	...	...	50	...	...
8 or more rooms	55	...	...	50	...	...	183,815	...	...	40	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	8.2	...	...	6.3	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	205	...	...	80	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
One person or fewer per room	205	...	...	80	...	...	587,240	...	...	210	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	17,390	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	205	...	...	80	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
Suitable	205	...	...	80	...	...	576,220	...	...	205	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	0	...	...	28,410	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	205	...	...	80	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	0	...	...	48,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	40	...	...	80	...	...	146,775	...	...	25	...	...
1981 to 1990	105	...	...	0	...	...	67,920	...	...	30	...	...
1991 to 2000	60	...	...	0	...	...	93,515	...	...	190	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	63,060	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	64,550	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	205	...	...	80	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	190	...	...	80	...	...	578,295	...	...	245	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	0	...	...	26,340	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	205	...	...	80	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
One-maintainer household	100	...	...	15	...	...	286,505	...	...	100	...	...
Two-maintainer household	90	...	...	60	...	...	282,890	...	...	115	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	0	...	...	35,230	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	205	...	...	80	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,275	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	10	...	...	0	...	...	95,360	...	...	25	...	...
35 to 44 years	40	...	...	15	...	...	132,875	...	...	65	...	...
45 to 54 years	30	...	...	0	...	...	121,200	...	...	70	...	...
55 to 64 years	40	...	...	20	...	...	114,325	...	...	55	...	...
65 to 74 years	55	...	...	25	...	...	78,705	...	...	25	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	10	...	...	34,680	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	15	...	...	10	...	...	12,200	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	205	...	...	x	...	...	599,605	...	...	250	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	145	...	...	x	...	...	466,085	...	...	190	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	55	...	...	x	...	...	133,520	...	...	60	...	...
30% to less than 100%	50	...	...	x	...	...	119,800	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	205	...	...	80	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	10	...	...	174,520	...	...	105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	50	...	...	0	...	...	121,340	...	...	50	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	0	...	...	22,225	...	...	40	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	0	...	...	17,480	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	140	...	...	75	...	...	430,110	...	...	145	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	200	...	...	x	...	...	585,885	...	...	255	...	...
In core need	15	...	...	x	...	...	55,440	...	...	30	...	...
Not in core need	180	...	...	x	...	...	530,445	...	...	225	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	180	...	...	75	...	...	429,490	...	...	205	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.9	...	...	26.7	...	...	65.7	...	...	75.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.7	...	...	x	...	...	17.4	...	...	22.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,430	...	...	850	...	...	1,740	...	...	1,660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	1,360	...	...	1,792	...	...	1,590	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	384,000	...	...	560,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	360,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	580,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	356,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30	...	...	0	...	...	172,840	...	...	50	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	8.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	x	...	...	34.5	...	...	50.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	20.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	...	...	...	1,350	...	...	1,540	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...	...	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,200	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	x	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	480	250	225	230	120	110	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	925	425	500
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10	0	10	20	0	15	47,230	22,330	24,905	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10	0	10	20	0	15	45,875	21,725	24,145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	460	245	215	210	120	90	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	920	420	495
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	480	250	225	230	120	110	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	925	425	500
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	440	225	220	230	120	110	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	760	350	405
Canadian citizens aged under 18	75	45	30	40	25	20	325,765	167,940	157,820	240	105	135
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	360	175	185	185	100	90	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	520	245	270
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	40	30	10	0	0	0	174,615	83,940	90,680	170	75	95
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	480	250	225	230	120	110	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	925	425	500
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	360	195	160	180	105	80	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	390	205	190
Immigrants⁸¹	110	55	65	50	20	25	473,580	227,640	245,935	505	205	300
Before 1980	35	15	20	30	20	15	56,750	27,435	29,320	0	0	0
1980 to 1990	25	10	15	0	0	0	44,975	21,950	23,020	30	15	20
1991 to 2000	10	0	10	0	0	0	67,220	32,280	34,935	60	30	30
2001 to 2010	20	15	10	10	0	0	127,170	61,140	66,030	195	75	120
2011 to 2021⁸²	25	10	10	0	0	0	177,465	84,835	92,630	215	80	130
2011 to 2015	15	10	10	0	0	0	89,810	43,015	46,795	190	80	115
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,650	41,815	45,835	25	0	15
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,410	14,945	13,470	30	15	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	115	50	60	50	20	25	473,580	227,640	245,935	505	205	300
Under 5 years	10	0	0	15	0	0	41,205	20,985	20,220	25	0	25
5 to 14 years	35	15	20	0	0	0	79,795	41,370	38,425	55	25	35
15 to 24 years	10	10	0	20	10	10	82,830	37,905	44,930	150	50	105
25 to 44 years	55	20	35	0	0	0	223,080	105,885	117,190	205	110	100
45 years and over	10	0	10	10	0	10	46,670	21,495	25,170	70	25	40
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	115	50	60	50	20	25	473,580	227,640	245,935	505	205	300
Americas	30	0	25	10	10	0	50,280	23,315	26,970	20	10	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	10	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	15	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	0	0	0
Europe	45	30	15	30	10	20	83,855	41,815	42,040	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	10	0	10	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	20	0	10	27,675	14,575	13,095	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,355	27,975	27,385	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,410	9,205	9,210	0	0	0
Asia	35	15	20	0	0	0	279,930	132,545	147,390	475	190	280
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	15	10	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,925	16,915	20,015	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0
Philippines	30	15	15	0	0	0	71,315	31,605	39,715	150	60	90
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,350	7,325	9,030	10	10	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,580	30,730	30,850	250	100	150
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,425	9,810	9,615	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,735	10,640	12,090	20	0	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,650	41,815	45,830	25	0	20
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,100	25,850	29,250	25	0	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,870	7,455	7,420	10	0	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	10	0	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	475	255	225	230	125	105	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	925	425	500
First generation¹⁰⁰	125	60	65	50	25	30	518,345	251,010	267,335	555	235	325
Second generation¹⁰¹	120	70	40	60	30	25	329,675	166,505	163,165	265	140	135
Third generation or more¹⁰²	235	120	115	125	70	55	723,920	364,750	359,170	100	55	45
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	75	35	45	15	0	15	416,830	200,210	216,615	505	200	300
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	45	25	15	15	0	10	235,880	118,150	117,730	245	95	150
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	15	0	15	10	0	0	95,815	58,035	37,780	80	35	50
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	25	25	0	0	0	0	140,065	60,120	79,950	165	65	105
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	20	0	20	0	0	0	117,720	48,395	69,330	215	85	135
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	10	0	0	0	0	58,995	31,595	27,395	40	20	15
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	75	35	45	15	0	15	416,830	200,210	216,615	505	200	300
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,765	8,620	6,145	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	20	0	15	10	0	10	53,180	23,440	29,750	55	15	40
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	10	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	45	25	20	0	0	0	313,060	149,760	163,300	430	180	250
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	475	255	225	230	125	105	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	925	425	500
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	90	40	55	30	10	20	575,650	282,735	292,910	800	360	440
South Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	154,385	78,430	75,955	480	210	275
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	93,975	45,570	48,410	0	0	0
Black	10	0	10	0	0	0	76,470	38,665	37,800	65	30	30
Filipino	35	20	20	0	0	0	92,235	42,365	49,880	170	70	100
Arab	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	0	0	0
Latin American	30	15	15	10	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,720	13,405	15,310	30	20	10
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	35	20	15
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,840	10,195	10,645	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	385	215	170	200	110	90	996,285	499,530	496,755	125	65	55
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	475	250	220	230	120	105	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	925	425	500
Canadian	35	35	0	30	25	0	168,075	87,325	80,750	60	30	30
English	140	65	75	60	20	35	276,300	136,835	139,465	15	10	10
Irish	70	30	35	45	15	25	202,260	98,040	104,225	15	0	10
Scottish	60	30	30	35	10	20	235,385	115,820	119,575	25	15	10
French, n.o.s.¹²²	15	15	0	10	0	0	104,160	50,935	53,225	0	0	0
German	65	30	35	35	25	15	197,770	97,860	99,910	10	10	0
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,705	48,045	51,650	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,840	22,330	22,510	0	0	0
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,900	39,545	38,355	265	115	145
Ukrainian	30	15	10	10	0	0	89,615	43,675	45,940	15	0	15
Dutch	30	10	15	30	15	15	53,665	26,510	27,155	0	0	0
Polish	20	0	20	15	10	10	53,675	25,885	27,790	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	10	0	0	0	0	0	53,825	27,135	26,690	10	0	10
Filipino	35	20	20	0	0	0	86,850	40,140	46,710	185	75	105
French Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	0	0	0
Métis	15	0	10	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	15	10	0	0	0	0	28,815	14,565	14,250	0	0	0
Russian	40	20	25	0	0	0	36,090	16,840	19,255	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	0	10	30	15	15	44,865	21,320	23,545	0	0	0
Welsh	10	0	10	0	0	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	10	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,085	10,145	9,940	90	40	55
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,750	10,685	12,065	25	20	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0
Danish	15	0	15	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	60	20	45
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,225	6,465	6,765	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0
Swiss	10	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	0	0	0
Colombian	25	10	15	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	40	20	20
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	475	255	225	230	125	110	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	925	425	500
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,425	9,955	12,470	0	0	0
Christian	250	115	135	120	70	50	713,465	336,705	376,760	265	110	150
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10	0	10	0	0	0	153,665	73,675	79,985	40	10	30
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0
Anglican	25	10	10	0	0	0	35,625	16,415	19,210	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	0	0	0
Catholic	160	85	70	55	20	30	312,410	149,290	163,120	180	75	110
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	10	0	10	0	0	0	51,720	22,415	29,305	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	25	15	10	30	15	15	43,375	20,405	22,970	15	10	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,335	18,180	17,155	85	40	50
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	101,285	51,675	49,610	95	50	45
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,230	28,325	27,905	305	130	175
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	10	0	0	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	20	15	0
No religion and secular perspectives	215	130	85	100	50	50	623,560	328,795	294,765	135	70	65
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	480	250	225	235	120	110	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	920	425	495
Non-movers	395	195	200	205	110	90	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	900	415	490
Movers	85	60	25	30	15	20	209,550	104,275	105,275	20	10	10
Non-migrants	70	50	15	30	15	20	147,415	73,505	73,910	20	10	10
Migrants	15	10	0	0	0	0	62,135	30,765	31,365	0	0	0
Internal migrants	15	10	0	0	0	0	47,380	23,440	23,940	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	475	250	225	220	115	105	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	870	400	470
Non-movers	260	130	135	170	90	75	863,155	429,060	434,095	690	330	360
Movers	210	120	95	55	25	30	619,175	307,300	311,880	180	75	105
Non-migrants	140	75	65	55	25	30	363,260	181,560	181,700	105	40	65
Migrants	75	45	25	0	0	0	255,920	125,740	130,180	80	35	45
Internal migrants	65	40	25	0	0	0	177,420	87,415	90,005	55	15	35
Intraprovincial migrants	45	25	20	0	0	0	112,590	55,855	56,735	10	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	20	15	10	0	0	0	64,830	31,560	33,270	50	10	30
External migrants	10	10	0	0	0	0	78,500	38,320	40,180	25	20	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	405	205	195	195	100	95	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	720	345	380
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	55	35	15	0	0	0	182,850	95,955	86,895	175	80	95
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	350	170	180	185	100	90	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	545	265	280
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	115	125	95	45	50	886,650	437,700	448,950	465	220	245
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20	20	0	0	0	0	79,025	43,715	35,310	85	40	45
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	215	95	125	95	45	50	807,620	393,985	413,640	380	180	205
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	400	205	195	195	95	95	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	720	340	375
No certificate, diploma or degree	50	35	20	0	0	0	163,710	84,360	79,350	160	70	95
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	100	45	50	30	15	20	339,400	169,445	169,950	230	115	115
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	255	120	130	160	90	70	775,265	377,350	397,915	335	160	175
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	140	60	75	55	35	25	348,595	174,345	174,250	145	70	75
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30	30	0	0	0	0	84,805	63,760	21,050	25	20	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,285	16,610	12,680	15	15	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	30	30	0	0	0	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	10	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	100	30	70	45	30	20	221,065	92,585	128,480	90	40	50
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,725	18,000	24,720	30	15	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	120	65	55	100	55	50	426,670	203,005	223,660	185	85	100
Bachelor's degree	75	35	40	70	35	35	294,610	137,240	157,375	135	65	70
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	10	0	0	0	0	22,475	10,080	12,390	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	0	0	0
Master's degree	20	15	10	15	15	0	86,005	42,875	43,130	35	15	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	10	0	0	0	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	10	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	110	120	95	45	50	886,650	437,700	448,950	465	215	250
No certificate, diploma or degree	15	15	0	0	0	0	66,625	36,450	30,175	75	30	45
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	50	25	20	25	10	20	197,715	102,665	95,045	110	40	70
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	170	65	105	70	40	30	622,315	298,585	323,730	285	150	140
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	100	30	65	10	15	0	266,590	133,640	132,950	115	65	55
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	20	0	0	0	0	63,270	48,090	15,175	20	15	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,715	12,025	8,685	10	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	20	0	0	0	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	15	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	10	60	10	15	0	170,270	71,565	98,700	70	35	35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,050	13,985	19,070	25	10	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	75	35	35	55	25	25	355,720	164,940	190,775	165	80	90
Bachelor's degree	50	25	30	35	15	15	244,340	111,530	132,810	120	60	55
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	0	0	0
Master's degree	15	10	10	0	0	0	74,335	35,965	38,370	35	10	25
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	10	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	400	205	200	195	100	100	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	720	340	380
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	150	80	65	35	15	20	503,110	253,805	249,305	390	185	205
Education	20	15	10	30	15	20	46,605	10,200	36,405	10	0	10
13. Education	20	15	10	30	15	20	46,605	10,200	36,405	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,385	9,460	13,925	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,825	7,530	13,295	0	0	0
Humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,000	12,365	21,635	25	15	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,415	1,915	5,495	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	4,095	7,460	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	10	25	20	0	20	83,860	28,790	55,065	20	10	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	15	10	0	10	15,515	5,275	10,245	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	30,700	14,865	15,830	15	10	0
Business, management and public administration	50	20	35	50	25	20	177,710	75,825	101,885	95	30	70
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	20	25	50	25	20	168,935	74,160	94,770	90	20	70
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	20	10	0	0	0	39,940	20,670	19,265	20	0	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	0	10	0	0	0	36,465	23,975	12,485	35	25	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	10	0	0	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	35	25	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	65	55	10	30	25	0	173,505	149,155	24,355	70	65	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	10	0	15	10	0	66,620	53,075	13,545	20	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	10	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	0	0	0	28,060	27,225	835	15	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20	20	0	0	0	0	22,210	21,530	675	25	25	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	0	0	0	11,885	11,515	375	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,905	7,900	8,005	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	0	35	25	15	15	111,080	22,865	88,215	40	0	30
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	10	10	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	25	20	10	15	98,680	16,900	81,780	40	0	30
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,595	16,030	16,565	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	235	110	125	90	45	50	886,650	437,700	448,950	465	220	245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	65	50	25	25	10	15	264,340	139,115	125,220	185	75	110
Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	10	0	10
13. Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	0	0	0
Humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,945	9,460	17,490	25	15	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,035	1,555	4,480	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	3,220	6,225	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	25	0	0	0	69,810	23,220	46,590	10	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	15	0	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,655	12,155	13,505	10	0	0
Business, management and public administration	25	0	25	15	10	0	145,930	61,450	84,480	85	25	60
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	20	0	15	15	10	0	138,835	60,195	78,640	75	20	55
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	15	10	0	0	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	20	0	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	10	0	0	0	31,330	20,720	10,615	30	25	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	10	0	0	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	30	25	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	35	0	15	10	0	138,260	116,630	21,630	65	60	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	10	0	0	0	0	55,310	43,055	12,260	20	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	0	0	0	0	0	21,755	21,035	720	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	16,875	16,295	580	25	25	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	0	0	0	8,785	8,485	305	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0
Health and related fields	20	0	20	20	10	10	88,715	18,735	69,980	30	0	30
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	20	0	20	20	10	10	78,745	14,010	64,730	30	0	30
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	235	110	125	90	45	50	886,650	437,700	448,950	465	220	245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	65	50	25	25	10	15	264,340	139,115	125,220	185	75	110
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	170	65	100	70	40	30	622,310	298,585	323,730	285	145	140
Location of study inside Canada	130	45	90	60	40	20	455,590	220,680	234,910	75	35	40
Same as province or territory of residence	95	40	55	55	35	20	328,175	157,540	170,630	65	35	30
Different than province or territory of residence	40	0	35	0	0	0	127,410	63,135	64,275	20	0	15
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	30	20	15	10	0	10	166,725	77,905	88,820	205	110	95
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,670	14,305	14,360	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0
Europe	15	10	0	0	0	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0
Asia	15	10	10	0	0	0	91,990	39,695	52,295	205	110	95
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	10	0	0	0	30,585	12,115	18,470	80	40	40
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,005	11,780	13,225	100	60	45
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	400	205	195	195	95	95	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	720	340	375
In the labour force	250	135	120	115	65	55	882,705	463,170	419,540	470	235	240
Employed	215	110	105	105	55	45	776,015	408,675	367,335	415	210	200
Unemployed	35	25	15	10	10	0	106,695	54,490	52,205	55	25	30
Not in the labour force	150	70	80	80	35	45	395,665	167,985	227,680	250	105	145
Participation rate	62.5	65.9	61.5	59.0	68.4	57.9	69.0	73.4	64.8	65.3	69.1	64.0
Employment rate	53.8	53.7	53.8	53.8	57.9	47.4	60.7	64.8	56.8	57.6	61.8	53.3
Unemployment rate	14.0	18.5	12.5	8.7	15.4	0.0	12.1	11.8	12.4	11.7	10.6	12.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	400	205	195	195	95	100	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	720	340	380
Did not work¹⁸⁶	150	70	80	75	30	45	422,665	183,645	239,020	270	110	165
Worked	255	135	115	125	70	55	855,710	447,510	408,200	455	235	215
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	140	75	60	50	20	25	450,195	257,535	192,655	225	110	110
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	115	60	55	70	45	25	405,520	189,970	215,550	230	125	110
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	40.0	39.6	40.4	36.5	45.0	40.7	41.5	39.8	39.3	37.4	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	255	135	120	115	65	50	882,710	463,165	419,540	465	235	235
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	0	15
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	250	135	115	115	65	50	853,695	449,150	404,550	445	225	225
Employee	215	105	105	85	45	45	715,140	365,090	350,050	400	200	205
Permanent position	165	80	90	70	35	35	600,125	311,480	288,645	345	170	175
Temporary position	50	25	20	15	0	10	115,020	53,615	61,405	55	30	25
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,760	16,790	20,970	10	0	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	40	20	20	15	0	10	77,260	36,820	40,435	45	30	20
Self-employed¹⁹²	35	30	10	30	20	0	138,550	84,060	54,500	45	25	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	255	135	120	115	65	50	882,710	463,165	419,540	465	235	235
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	0	15
All occupations¹⁹¹	250	135	115	115	65	50	853,695	449,150	404,550	445	225	225
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	50	10	35	35	15	20	161,170	53,245	107,930	60	15	45
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35	25	10	0	0	0	94,565	72,340	22,225	20	20	0
3 Health occupations	25	0	25	0	0	0	69,305	13,810	55,490	20	0	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	20	10	10	30	15	15	92,850	30,655	62,195	25	10	10
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	10	10	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	45	25	25	15	0	10	209,115	94,840	114,280	160	70	90
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	55	50	10	0	0	0	147,375	132,085	15,290	125	95	30
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10	0	0	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,565	19,070	6,490	25	0	20
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	255	135	120	115	65	50	882,710	463,165	419,540	465	235	235
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	0	15
All industries¹⁹¹	250	135	115	115	65	50	853,695	449,150	404,550	445	225	225
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	10	0	0	0	0	39,750	26,465	13,290	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	0	0	0
23 Construction	30	25	0	10	10	0	75,665	63,720	11,945	35	30	0
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	10	10	0	41,545	30,255	11,295	30	10	20
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	15	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	35	20	10	0	0	0	96,885	46,555	50,330	60	20	35
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	25	15	15	10	0	0	56,135	40,670	15,470	105	70	35
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	10	10	0	30,760	13,930	16,825	10	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25	10	15	30	15	15	96,185	55,190	40,995	20	10	10
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	37,790	21,285	16,510	25	10	15
61 Educational services	10	0	0	20	10	10	55,510	16,805	38,700	30	15	10
62 Health care and social assistance	35	0	35	15	0	15	107,190	20,475	86,720	40	0	35
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	10	0	0	0	0	0	49,900	22,440	27,460	55	25	30
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	15	0	0	0	0	37,065	16,090	20,975	0	0	0
91 Public administration	15	0	15	0	0	0	31,305	16,235	15,075	15	10	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	260	140	120	125	70	55	926,320	483,455	442,860	500	255	245
English	250	135	115	115	60	55	878,705	460,305	418,400	410	200	210
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	30	15	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	30	15	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	10	0	30,355	15,535	14,825	65	40	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	260	140	120	125	70	55	926,320	483,455	442,860	500	255	245
Single responses	260	140	120	115	65	55	919,325	479,835	439,490	470	235	240
Official languages	260	140	120	115	65	55	906,220	473,040	433,180	435	210	225
English	260	140	120	115	65	55	903,745	472,395	431,350	435	210	225
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,105	6,795	6,310	35	25	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,090	6,795	6,300	35	25	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465	35	20	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	35	20	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	35	20	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	35	20	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,000	3,625	3,375	30	20	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,765	3,065	2,695	30	20	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	260	140	120	125	70	55	926,320	483,455	442,860	500	255	245
None	250	135	115	115	60	55	893,045	467,350	425,695	465	235	235
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	10	10	0
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,585	8,825	8,760	20	15	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,465	8,780	8,690	20	15	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	220	110	105	105	55	45	776,010	408,680	367,335	415	215	200
Worked at home	55	30	25	70	35	30	215,520	105,290	110,230	55	25	25
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	45	35	10	0	0	0	113,260	83,885	29,375	90	50	40
Usual place of work	120	50	70	30	15	20	444,410	217,405	227,005	270	130	140
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	120	50	70	30	10	15	444,410	217,405	227,005	270	130	140
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	100	45	55	25	10	15	361,065	170,000	191,065	230	100	125
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,230	37,715	31,505	40	30	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	10	10	0	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	165	85	80	35	20	15	557,670	301,290	256,380	360	185	180
Car, truck or van	145	75	75	35	20	15	473,465	261,055	212,410	310	170	140
Car, truck or van - as a driver	140	75	65	35	20	15	441,645	249,990	191,655	275	170	100
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,820	11,060	20,755	40	0	40
Public transit	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,930	17,775	23,165	40	0	35
Walked	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0
Other method	10	10	0	0	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	165	85	80	35	20	15	557,670	301,290	256,380	360	185	180
Less than 15 minutes	40	35	10	15	10	0	128,460	58,155	70,310	50	20	35
15 to 29 minutes	60	30	30	10	0	10	242,460	130,855	111,610	165	80	90
30 to 44 minutes	45	20	35	10	0	10	125,765	75,100	50,660	100	70	25
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	0	0	0	0	31,050	18,505	12,545	20	10	10
60 minutes and over	10	0	10	0	0	0	29,930	18,665	11,265	25	10	15
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	165	85	80	35	20	15	557,670	301,290	256,380	360	185	180
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	10	0	0	0	0	37,665	27,280	10,390	30	0	30
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	40	25	15	10	0	0	100,900	63,500	37,400	55	20	35
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	35	20	15	10	0	0	143,455	75,755	67,700	70	50	25
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	20	0	15	15	0	10	105,095	50,620	54,475	45	15	35
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	40	20	15	10	10	0	79,595	35,415	44,180	60	50	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20	0	15	0	0	0	90,950	48,715	42,230	105	50	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	95	55	40	40	15	20	356,225	183,250	172,980	245	125	115
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	5	0	5	25,335	12,890	12,445	15	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	45	40	35	15	15	330,890	170,360	160,535	230	120	115
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	75	40	30	30	15	15	259,535	133,590	125,945	185	95	90
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	0	0	5	0	5	18,890	9,625	9,270	15	5	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	5	0	5	9,575	4,670	4,910	5	5	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	5	5	0	0	0	9,315	4,955	4,360	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	65	40	25	25	15	10	240,640	123,965	116,675	175	85	90

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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