Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

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	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	380	...	...	473	...	...	4,262,635	...	...	1,386	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4,067,175	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.8	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	132	...	...	195	...	...	1,772,670	...	...	407	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	130	...	...	187	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	403	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,157.5	...	...	3,385.8	...	...	6.7	...	...	2,367.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.09	...	...	0.14	...	...	634,658.27	...	...	0.59	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	380	205	175	475	235	240	4,262,635	2,127,935	2,134,700	1,385	705	685
0 to 14 years	85	50	40	75	35	45	809,640	415,870	393,770	235	125	110
0 to 4 years	25	15	5	25	10	15	250,250	128,560	121,690	30	15	15
5 to 9 years	30	15	10	25	10	15	278,810	142,850	135,955	55	25	30
10 to 14 years	35	20	15	25	15	10	280,585	144,460	136,120	150	90	60
15 to 64 years	250	135	115	325	165	155	2,823,770	1,416,910	1,406,865	1,040	525	520
15 to 19 years	25	15	10	20	10	10	249,765	128,745	121,015	195	100	95
20 to 24 years	15	10	10	30	15	15	248,740	128,595	120,150	135	70	60
25 to 29 years	15	10	5	25	10	15	275,465	138,510	136,955	35	30	10
30 to 34 years	20	10	10	30	15	15	323,260	160,175	163,085	25	15	10
35 to 39 years	35	15	15	40	20	20	338,945	168,390	170,560	40	20	20
40 to 44 years	30	15	10	40	25	15	307,665	153,715	153,955	65	30	40
45 to 49 years	30	15	15	35	15	15	277,770	139,705	138,065	135	60	80
50 to 54 years	20	10	10	25	15	15	262,770	131,650	131,120	175	85	90
55 to 59 years	30	10	20	40	25	10	274,150	135,825	138,325	150	75	75
60 to 64 years	30	20	15	30	15	15	265,240	131,600	133,640	95	55	40
65 years and over	45	20	20	75	35	40	629,220	295,155	334,070	110	55	55
65 to 69 years	25	10	10	35	15	25	217,270	106,975	110,295	50	25	25
70 to 74 years	5	0	5	20	5	10	163,890	79,150	84,735	30	10	15
75 to 79 years	10	5	5	10	5	5	105,520	49,860	55,660	15	5	10
80 to 84 years	5	5	0	5	0	5	70,160	31,510	38,650	15	10	5
85 years and over	0	0	0	5	0	0	72,375	27,660	44,720	10	5	5
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,670	18,540	26,130	10	5	5
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,430	7,545	13,890	5	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,480	1,405	4,075	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	170	625	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.4	24.4	22.9	15.8	14.9	18.8	19.0	19.5	18.4	17.0	17.7	16.1
15 to 64 years	65.8	65.9	65.7	68.4	70.2	64.6	66.2	66.6	65.9	75.1	74.5	75.9
65 years and over	11.8	9.8	11.4	15.8	14.9	16.7	14.8	13.9	15.6	7.9	7.8	8.0
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.1	0.0	0.0	1.7	1.3	2.1	0.7	0.7	0.7
Average age of the population	38.2	36.6	40.2	40.5	41.0	40.0	39.0	38.4	39.7	38.1	37.4	38.7
Median age of the population	40.0	38.8	40.8	41.6	42.0	39.6	38.4	37.6	38.8	43.2	39.6	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	130	...	...	190	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	405	...	...
Single-detached house	120	...	...	110	...	...	994,565	...	...	400	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	60	...	...	98,740	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	127,735	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	5	...	...	43,730	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	10	...	...	247,030	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	74,880	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,215	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	45,325	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	130	...	...	185	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	405	...	...
1 person	15	...	...	45	...	...	424,055	...	...	20	...	...
2 persons	45	...	...	75	...	...	551,420	...	...	105	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	25	...	...	249,135	...	...	75	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	20	...	...	243,400	...	...	125	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	20	...	...	165,215	...	...	75	...	...
Number of persons in private households	380	205	175	475	235	235	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	1,385	705	685
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	295	155	135	395	200	200	3,452,995	1,712,065	1,740,925	1,150	580	575
Married or living common-law	200	100	100	205	105	100	2,033,945	1,018,425	1,015,520	705	350	355
Married	185	95	95	150	75	75	1,703,285	852,950	850,335	665	330	335
Living common-law	15	10	10	50	30	25	330,655	165,475	165,180	40	20	20
Living common law - Never married	10	5	5	45	25	20	245,650	123,625	122,030	20	5	10
Living common law - Separated	5	5	5	0	0	5	12,835	6,745	6,090	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	0	0	0	5	5	5	65,955	32,580	33,375	20	10	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,210	2,520	3,690	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	95	60	40	195	100	95	1,419,050	693,640	725,410	445	225	220
Not married and not living common law - Never married	70	45	25	130	80	55	969,780	535,715	434,065	380	205	175
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	5	15	5	5	83,350	36,440	46,910	15	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	15	10	5	35	5	25	214,460	87,950	126,505	30	10	20
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	15	5	10	151,455	33,530	117,925	20	5	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	115	...	...	135	...	...	1,164,655	...	...	385	...	...
2 persons	50	...	...	85	...	...	565,900	...	...	110	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	15	...	...	240,980	...	...	75	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	25	...	...	238,600	...	...	135	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	15	...	...	119,170	...	...	70	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	110	...	...	135	...	...	1,164,650	...	...	390	...	...
Total couple families	100	...	...	100	...	...	987,465	...	...	350	...	...
Married couples	95	...	...	70	...	...	822,175	...	...	330	...	...
With children⁶	50	...	...	30	...	...	464,975	...	...	245	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	40	...	...	357,200	...	...	85	...	...
Common-law couples	5	...	...	25	...	...	165,290	...	...	25	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	5	...	...	60,705	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	0	...	...	20	...	...	104,580	...	...	10	...	...
Total one-parent families	15	...	...	40	...	...	177,190	...	...	35	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5	...	...	30	...	...	135,065	...	...	20	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	10	...	...	42,125	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	380	205	175	475	235	235	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	1,385	705	685
Total - Persons in census families	340	180	160	375	180	200	3,456,645	1,720,145	1,736,505	1,345	690	655
Married spouses or common-law partners	195	100	100	195	100	95	1,974,930	986,995	987,935	700	350	355
Parents in one-parent families	15	5	10	40	10	30	177,185	42,120	135,060	35	15	25
Children⁶	130	75	50	140	65	75	1,304,525	691,020	613,500	605	325	275
In a two-parent family	105	65	45	80	35	45	1,022,235	538,215	484,020	535	290	245
In a one-parent family	20	15	10	60	30	30	282,290	152,810	129,485	65	35	30
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	40	25	15	95	55	40	721,070	368,045	353,030	45	15	30
Living alone	10	10	5	45	25	25	424,055	207,075	216,980	25	10	15
Living with other relatives⁷	10	5	0	20	10	10	108,100	49,205	58,900	15	5	10
Living with non-relatives only	15	10	5	35	25	10	188,915	111,760	77,155	5	5	5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	130	...	...	185	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	400	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	100	...	...	105	...	...	1,008,210	...	...	355	...	...
Couple-family households	90	...	...	80	...	...	876,085	...	...	325	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	30	...	...	465,405	...	...	240	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	55	...	...	410,680	...	...	90	...	...
One-parent-family households	5	...	...	25	...	...	132,125	...	...	30	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	5	...	...	47,450	...	...	10	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	10	...	...	60,780	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	10	...	...	82,150	...	...	0	...	...
One-person households	15	...	...	45	...	...	424,055	...	...	25	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	295	155	140	400	200	195	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	1,150	575	575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	275	145	130	380	190	185	3,213,495	1,597,075	1,616,420	1,055	525	530
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	55,200	41,600	38,000	44,400	30,200	44,800	53,200	38,400	51,600	79,000	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	275	145	130	380	190	185	3,215,290	1,598,045	1,617,250	1,055	525	530
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,400	36,400	34,800	38,400	29,400	40,400	46,800	35,200	45,600	65,500	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	255	140	115	315	165	155	2,899,265	1,472,130	1,427,140	1,010	510	505
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	51,600	33,200	32,800	41,200	24,800	40,000	50,400	31,200	48,000	75,500	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	225	125	100	270	145	130	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	845	440	405
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	54,000	45,200	34,400	42,800	29,200	41,600	51,600	33,600	54,000	77,500	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	230	115	115	345	170	175	2,818,115	1,377,385	1,440,730	810	425	385
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,550	5,560	10,000	13,000	12,700	13,000	8,300	6,120	9,700	4,240	2,620	5,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35	20	15	75	55	25	373,185	184,280	188,900	70	40	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	x	x	6,000	6,280	5,760	5,800	5,760	5,880	6,080	6,280	4,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80	40	40	140	75	65	978,925	473,610	505,320	285	140	145
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	9,000	8,500	9,500	8,000	8,000	8,500	7,250	6,240	7,750
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	280	135	145	395	185	210	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	1,165	560	605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	265	130	135	365	175	195	3,212,650	1,596,250	1,616,400	1,035	500	535
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,400	62,000	51,000	45,200	53,600	37,600	60,850	72,700	49,160	93,200	133,000	56,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	265	130	135	365	175	195	3,214,490	1,597,255	1,617,235	1,035	500	535
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	51,000	44,000	40,000	46,000	34,400	50,200	58,400	42,120	70,000	95,600	46,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	245	125	120	325	150	165	2,900,200	1,472,350	1,427,850	985	490	500
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400	59,000	46,000	37,200	48,000	27,600	57,300	70,100	44,040	91,200	131,500	52,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	215	115	100	280	145	130	2,426,940	1,262,995	1,163,950	850	440	410
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,400	61,000	51,000	39,200	46,000	30,800	56,350	67,800	43,920	90,000	121,200	56,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	190	80	110	340	155	185	2,817,280	1,376,575	1,440,710	805	395	410
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100	7,700	12,000	13,600	13,200	13,900	10,440	9,300	11,520	7,300	5,900	8,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35	20	20	100	65	35	371,975	183,715	188,265	70	35	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	4,000	7,000	6,900	7,600	5,600	7,090	6,720	7,450	5,600	7,200	3,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80	40	45	175	85	90	972,130	470,475	501,650	310	130	180
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	7,600	10,800	8,900	7,900	10,000	9,170	9,030	9,290	8,600	8,400	8,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	280	135	145	395	190	210	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	1,165	565	605
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	125	70	55	125	65	60	1,120,075	641,305	478,775	390	240	150
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	79,000	89,000	69,500	54,000	62,000	48,000	70,500	78,500	62,000	105,000	140,000	98,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,000	84,000	78,000	56,000	60,000	52,000	85,200	96,300	70,400	146,500	168,000	112,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	80	45	40	100	60	40	993,770	466,385	527,385	370	170	200
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,500	28,600	10,400	20,000	32,400	11,600	21,600	26,200	18,400	14,500	14,200	14,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	32,000	13,000	29,600	40,000	14,000	34,280	42,280	27,160	45,200	64,000	28,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	88.0	92.0	80.0	72.0	78.0	64.0	85.0	89.0	79.2	94.0	97.0	88.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	82.0	88.0	74.0	66.0	74.0	56.0	70.0	73.8	64.4	79.6	81.0	77.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.0	8.0	18.5	28.0	22.0	35.5	15.0	11.0	20.9	6.1	3.5	12.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.6	4.2	5.2	2.8	1.4	1.1	1.8	0.4	0.4	0.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	3.6	7.6	10.4	8.0	13.6	5.1	4.0	6.7	3.0	1.7	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.0	3.6	6.8	9.4	7.4	12.4	4.6	3.7	5.9	2.8	1.7	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	295	155	135	395	200	200	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	1,150	575	575
Without total income	20	10	5	15	5	10	161,620	78,885	82,730	100	55	45
With total income	280	140	135	375	190	190	3,213,490	1,597,075	1,616,415	1,055	525	525
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	10	10	25	10	20	271,260	111,180	160,085	145	55	90
$10,000 to $19,999	35	20	20	40	15	20	307,390	122,515	184,880	135	60	75
$20,000 to $29,999	35	10	20	80	30	50	483,175	210,085	273,090	110	45	65
$30,000 to $39,999	25	10	15	60	30	30	384,115	161,270	222,840	70	20	45
$40,000 to $49,999	30	10	15	50	25	25	332,120	148,870	183,245	65	25	40
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	15	40	30	10	277,960	132,620	145,340	50	15	30
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	30	20	10	232,840	119,260	113,580	60	25	35
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	20	10	10	187,305	105,100	82,205	35	20	20
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	0	20	15	5	146,920	87,190	59,725	40	20	15
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	5	10	5	0	124,520	73,960	50,560	45	25	20
$100,000 and over	50	30	20	10	5	5	465,885	325,025	140,860	315	215	100
$100,000 to $149,999	40	25	20	5	5	5	291,955	191,190	100,765	120	70	55
$150,000 and over	10	10	0	0	0	0	173,935	133,835	40,100	195	150	50
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	295	155	135	395	200	200	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	1,150	575	575
Without after-tax income	20	10	5	15	5	10	159,820	77,915	81,900	100	55	45
With after-tax income	280	140	135	375	190	190	3,215,295	1,598,045	1,617,245	1,055	525	525
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	10	10	25	10	20	282,760	115,430	167,325	155	55	95
$10,000 to $19,999	35	20	15	40	15	20	320,525	128,425	192,100	145	60	80
$20,000 to $29,999	40	20	25	95	35	55	545,450	237,370	308,080	110	45	60
$30,000 to $39,999	30	15	20	70	40	30	449,440	194,945	254,500	90	35	60
$40,000 to $49,999	35	15	20	60	35	25	388,170	182,160	206,010	65	25	40
$50,000 to $59,999	35	25	10	40	30	15	314,650	160,140	154,510	65	30	40
$60,000 to $69,999	10	10	5	25	10	10	240,015	135,075	104,940	40	25	15
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	10	10	5	178,580	106,080	72,495	55	30	25
$80,000 to $89,999	25	10	10	5	5	0	138,170	82,415	55,755	50	25	25
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	10	0	0	0	92,045	59,450	32,595	40	20	15
$100,000 and over	15	10	10	0	0	0	265,490	196,560	68,930	245	175	65
$100,000 to $124,999	15	5	5	0	0	0	121,505	85,805	35,705	70	50	20
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	0	0	0	143,985	110,760	33,225	170	125	45
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	295	155	135	395	200	200	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	1,150	575	575
Without employment income	70	30	40	125	50	70	948,210	413,405	534,805	305	135	165
With employment income	220	120	100	275	145	125	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	845	435	410
Under $5,000 (including loss)	15	10	10	35	15	15	305,715	142,525	163,185	120	55	65
$5,000 to $9,999	15	5	10	25	10	15	186,575	78,780	107,795	90	45	50
$10,000 to $19,999	30	15	15	35	25	15	270,795	116,950	153,845	95	35	55
$20,000 to $29,999	15	10	5	25	5	15	212,530	93,955	118,575	55	20	40
$30,000 to $39,999	15	5	10	40	10	25	202,095	92,015	110,080	35	10	25
$40,000 to $49,999	15	10	5	25	20	10	193,315	92,690	100,625	20	15	5
$50,000 to $59,999	15	5	10	30	25	5	181,745	89,815	91,930	35	15	15
$60,000 to $69,999	20	15	5	20	15	5	161,830	85,450	76,375	40	15	20
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	0	10	10	0	133,940	78,540	55,400	30	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	0	15	10	5	110,580	67,335	43,240	40	15	20
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	5	5	0	0	101,430	59,855	41,575	35	20	15
$100,000 and over	35	25	15	5	5	0	366,350	264,635	101,720	260	180	75
$100,000 to $124,999	25	15	10	5	0	0	158,925	103,055	55,870	70	35	35
$125,000 and over	15	10	5	0	0	0	207,430	161,580	45,850	190	140	45
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	295	155	140	400	200	195	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	1,150	575	575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	275	140	130	370	190	185	3,147,180	1,561,420	1,585,760	995	500	495
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	60,000	40,800	39,200	47,600	30,200	44,400	54,800	36,400	59,200	90,000	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	275	140	130	370	190	185	3,148,375	1,561,645	1,586,735	1,000	500	500
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	50,400	37,200	34,800	42,000	28,000	39,600	47,600	33,600	51,200	73,500	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	255	135	120	325	170	160	2,869,935	1,456,690	1,413,250	965	490	470
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	60,400	46,000	36,800	47,200	27,800	43,200	54,000	34,400	56,400	91,000	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	225	125	105	290	155	130	2,438,175	1,267,255	1,170,925	825	430	400
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,200	62,400	48,000	39,200	48,800	29,000	44,400	55,200	36,000	58,400	87,000	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	215	110	105	340	165	175	2,675,790	1,312,270	1,363,520	720	380	340
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,740	960	5,320	3,560	1,900	6,000	1,620	1,010	4,080	900	890	1,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15	10	5	50	35	15	245,140	118,390	126,750	35	15	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	7,800	7,450	x	6,240	5,640	7,050	5,000	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	280	135	145	395	185	210	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	1,165	560	605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	255	130	125	365	175	195	3,146,890	1,560,995	1,585,890	990	485	505
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,800	62,000	51,000	41,600	53,200	31,200	60,750	74,200	47,560	103,000	144,500	63,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	255	130	125	365	175	195	3,147,975	1,561,230	1,586,750	990	485	505
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	51,000	44,000	36,400	45,200	28,600	49,720	59,050	40,520	76,000	102,800	50,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	250	130	120	320	155	165	2,871,550	1,456,805	1,414,740	960	470	490
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,400	60,000	49,000	39,600	55,000	25,800	60,350	74,400	45,840	103,600	146,500	62,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	215	115	100	280	150	130	2,438,445	1,267,615	1,170,835	825	425	400
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,600	64,000	50,000	40,800	53,000	27,200	59,450	72,000	45,800	99,800	139,500	57,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	190	80	115	340	155	185	2,676,295	1,312,765	1,363,530	735	360	375
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	4,400	6,500	7,520	5,900	8,900	6,720	5,635	7,770	3,580	2,450	4,660
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20	0	0	55	30	25	244,330	117,410	126,920	30	25	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,000	...	...	7,400	9,000	5,600	7,990	7,020	8,900	4,000	4,400	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	280	135	145	395	190	210	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	1,165	565	605
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	125	65	55	120	60	60	1,111,760	636,785	474,975	375	225	150
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000	91,000	68,500	42,800	61,600	37,200	68,500	77,500	58,800	104,000	160,000	92,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,000	84,000	74,000	47,000	56,000	38,000	83,800	95,700	67,800	154,500	188,000	104,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	75	45	35	95	55	40	941,295	443,225	498,070	325	145	175
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	53,600	10,200	33,200	58,400	12,800	30,000	37,200	25,400	18,600	21,600	17,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,000	44,000	12,000	42,000	62,000	14,800	43,280	54,050	33,720	68,000	106,000	36,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	96.0	88.0	83.0	92.0	73.0	90.6	93.6	86.0	97.6	99.0	95.0
Employment income (%)	86.0	92.0	78.0	75.0	84.0	60.0	75.8	78.8	71.0	80.8	85.0	71.0
Government transfers (%)	7.4	4.4	11.2	16.6	9.6	27.2	9.4	6.4	14.0	2.6	1.3	5.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	x	x	2.8	3.2	2.4	1.0	0.7	1.5	0.1	0.2	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	130	...	...	185	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	405	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	198,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15	...	...	45	...	...	424,055	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	42,400	...	...	48,000	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	36,400	...	...	42,400	...	...	53,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	115	...	...	140	...	...	1,209,165	...	...	380	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	204,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	168,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	130	...	...	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	395	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	119,700	...	...	241,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	98,800	...	...	181,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	40	...	...	424,120	...	...	25	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	46,000	...	...	62,050	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	42,000	...	...	51,400	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	120	...	...	150	...	...	1,209,100	...	...	375	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	252,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	115,500	...	...	189,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	130	...	...	190	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	405	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	16,810	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	8,310	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	12,525	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	17,725	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	49,050	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	52,025	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	41,490	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	48,190	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	52,710	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	51,200	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	104,130	...	...	5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	106,340	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	104,230	...	...	5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	98,820	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	93,990	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	75	...	...	70	...	...	775,675	...	...	330	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	40	...	...	204,960	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	156,945	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	200,675	...	...	80	...	...
$200,000 and over	15	...	...	0	...	...	213,100	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	130	...	...	190	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	405	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,920	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	8,620	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	12,950	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	18,925	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	52,455	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	58,000	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	48,620	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	56,195	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	62,115	...	...	0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	60,880	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	126,900	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	127,780	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	122,795	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	117,335	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	106,445	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	50	...	...	634,290	...	...	305	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	25	...	...	214,810	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	149,640	...	...	50	...	...
$150,000 and over	20	...	...	10	...	...	269,845	...	...	225	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	115	...	...	135	...	...	1,150,150	...	...	380	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	204,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	168,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	60	...	...	423,245	...	...	90	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	166,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	89,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	40	...	...	527,475	...	...	255	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	232,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	186,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	35	...	...	162,425	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	77,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	70,500	...	...	66,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	30	15	10	80	50	30	612,970	318,840	294,130	25	10	15
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,200	x	x	35,600	38,000	31,000	43,600	46,400	40,800	57,600	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	x	x	31,400	32,000	29,400	39,200	41,200	37,200	49,200	x	x
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	120	...	...	145	...	...	1,149,555	...	...	370	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	254,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	115,100	...	...	190,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	70	...	...	423,255	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	128,400	...	...	196,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	30	...	...	528,270	...	...	245	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	167,000	...	...	294,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	136,200	...	...	218,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	35	...	...	161,495	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	85,100	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	56,000	...	...	74,800	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	0	0	0	75	35	40	612,950	318,115	294,835	35	0	25
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	x	...	x	42,000	40,000	42,000	56,550	60,100	52,750	68,000	x	68,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	x	...	x	37,000	36,000	39,000	47,360	49,600	44,960	60,000	x	56,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	380	205	175	470	235	240	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,535	1,390	700	680
0 to 17 years	100	60	40	90	40	50	953,865	490,345	463,520	355	180	170
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	30	15	15	302,980	155,160	147,820	40	15	25
18 to 64 years	235	125	110	310	165	150	2,638,940	1,317,995	1,320,945	920	465	460
65 years and over	45	20	25	70	35	40	584,915	279,845	305,065	110	55	60
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	25	15	15	55	20	35	382,820	182,970	199,855	35	15	20
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	15	5	10	107,130	54,765	52,370	15	5	5
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	0	0	0	36,250	18,465	17,790	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	15	10	10	25	10	15	213,795	103,030	110,765	20	5	10
65 years and over	0	0	0	10	0	10	61,890	25,180	36,720	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.8	6.0	7.0	10.8	7.0	14.0	9.2	8.8	9.6	2.6	2.0	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	x	x	14.0	10.0	20.0	11.2	11.2	11.3	3.6	3.0	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	12.0	11.9	12.0	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	5.0	8.0	8.5	7.0	10.0	8.1	7.8	8.4	2.2	1.6	2.8
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	16.0	x	24.0	10.6	9.0	12.0	x	x	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	380	205	175	475	235	235	4,132,995	2,065,555	2,067,435	1,385	705	685
0 to 17 years	100	55	45	90	40	50	936,965	481,700	455,265	350	185	170
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	30	10	20	298,005	152,625	145,380	40	15	20
18 to 64 years	235	125	110	310	160	145	2,614,300	1,305,610	1,308,690	925	465	455
65 years and over	40	25	25	75	30	40	581,730	278,250	303,475	110	55	55
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	15	5	10	40	15	20	187,885	96,630	91,255	30	10	20
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	10	5	5	43,110	21,925	21,180	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,945	7,045	6,900	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	5	5	5	20	10	10	130,620	68,100	62,525	20	5	10
65 years and over	0	0	0	5	0	5	14,155	6,605	7,550	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.0	5.0	8.0	7.0	9.0	4.6	4.7	4.4	2.2	1.8	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	14.0	12.0	16.0	4.6	4.6	4.7	2.8	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	4.7	4.6	4.8	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	x	5.0	6.8	7.0	6.0	5.0	5.2	4.8	2.0	1.6	2.8
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	5.0	x	10.0	2.4	2.4	2.5	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	380	205	175	475	235	240	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	1,385	705	685
In bottom half of the distribution	160	85	70	305	145	155	1,894,410	924,245	970,165	210	100	110
In bottom decile	25	10	15	55	25	30	345,410	172,330	173,080	35	15	25
In second decile	35	25	15	60	30	30	385,215	179,975	205,240	10	5	5
In third decile	35	20	15	40	20	20	380,170	184,770	195,400	45	25	25
In fourth decile	20	10	10	70	35	35	386,560	190,330	196,235	55	25	25
In fifth decile	45	20	20	80	40	40	397,055	196,830	200,215	65	30	30
In top half of the distribution	220	120	105	170	90	80	2,283,310	1,163,940	1,119,365	1,180	605	570
In sixth decile	40	20	20	35	20	15	406,615	204,040	202,575	95	50	45
In seventh decile	55	25	20	65	35	35	420,810	212,460	208,350	95	50	50
In eighth decile	45	25	20	25	15	5	440,225	223,690	216,535	165	80	85
In ninth decile	40	25	20	40	20	20	470,850	240,765	230,085	200	105	90
In top decile	45	25	15	0	0	0	544,810	282,985	261,825	615	320	295
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	380	...	...	475	...	...	4,177,720	...	...	1,385	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.275	...	...	0.236	...	...	0.350	...	...	0.402	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.354	...	...	0.382	...	...	0.450	...	...	0.439	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.255	...	...	0.217	...	...	0.307	...	...	0.345	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.9	...	...	4.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	380	205	175	475	235	240	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	1,385	705	685
English only	355	190	160	445	220	220	3,894,690	1,960,785	1,933,905	1,265	655	610
French only	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,105	1,330	1,780	0	0	0
English and French	25	10	10	20	15	10	258,330	119,725	138,605	120	50	70
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	5	0	5	65,705	26,945	38,760	5	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	380	205	175	475	235	240	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	1,385	705	685
English	375	205	170	455	225	230	4,078,135	2,042,220	2,035,915	1,365	700	670
French	0	0	0	5	5	5	64,440	32,960	31,485	15	5	10
English and French	5	5	5	5	5	5	15,525	7,680	7,840	5	0	0
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	5	0	5	63,735	25,925	37,810	0	0	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	380	205	175	475	235	240	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	1,385	705	685
Single responses	375	200	175	455	225	225	4,055,375	2,028,210	2,027,165	1,355	685	675
Official languages	330	180	150	350	180	170	3,148,690	1,591,780	1,556,910	1,200	610	585
English	325	180	150	350	175	170	3,083,840	1,558,570	1,525,265	1,190	605	580
French	0	0	0	5	0	5	64,855	33,210	31,645	15	5	10
Non-official languages	45	25	25	100	45	55	906,680	436,430	470,250	155	75	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,200	8,165	9,035	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,155	7,265	7,890	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,160	1,315	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,370	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,365	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	705	890	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	650	655	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,255	4,495	4,760	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	180	205	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	610	735	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	605	725	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	495	585	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	40	100	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	35	80	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	205	235	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	180	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	45	25	25	100	45	55	889,485	428,270	461,215	155	75	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	10	5	5	82,270	42,330	39,935	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	185	150	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	60	30	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,995	7,485	7,515	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	345	300	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,485	1,780	1,705	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,750	5,280	5,470	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	5	10	5	5	66,720	34,555	32,165	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,165	3,925	4,245	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	5	10	5	5	46,425	24,385	22,045	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	405	430	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	225	220	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	110	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	455	425	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,065	5,210	4,855	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	50	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	25,655	11,520	14,135	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	800	975	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	25	10	15	23,705	10,615	13,090	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	100	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0	25	10	10	131,755	58,110	73,640	20	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	235	295	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	985	1,285	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,210	2,300	2,910	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,370	1,005	1,370	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,440	3,325	4,110	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	510	765	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	155	220	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	90	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	620	650	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	235	280	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	20	5	10	108,395	47,810	60,590	20	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	195	225	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	605	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,745	875	875	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	140	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	215	210	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,170	8,845	8,330	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	295	295	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,785	4,450	4,330	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,950	2,610	2,340	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,715	1,425	1,295	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	90	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	20	15	30	10	20	454,815	224,310	230,505	85	40	45
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,250	1,100	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	0	5	0	0	70,185	32,420	37,760	25	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	405	475	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	165	205	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	240	275	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	0	5	0	0	69,305	32,020	37,285	25	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	640	660	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,700	1,265	1,435	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	185	185	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,540	8,130	9,410	5	0	5
Russian	5	5	0	0	0	0	17,735	7,850	9,890	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,085	5,270	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,860	905	960	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,260	2,105	2,155	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	1,975	2,065	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	90	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	910	950	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	245	305	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,750	7,630	9,125	10	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	130	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	45	25	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	75	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	93,145	45,830	47,320	15	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60,990	29,660	31,325	10	0	5
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,835	29,055	30,775	10	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	550	495	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	28,670	14,425	14,245	10	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,150	1,555	1,595	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5	0	5	13,140	6,605	6,535	10	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,545	1,510	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,815	4,455	4,355	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	120	125	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,540	1,615	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	945	910	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	245	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	310	370	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,430	1,385	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	197,415	100,095	97,320	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	10	5	10	176,130	89,315	86,820	15	10	10
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,735	3,900	3,835	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,330	7,920	7,415	10	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,815	9,525	9,285	5	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	720	905	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	170	180	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,910	970	935	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,900	3,035	2,865	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	90	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10	5	5	91,070	46,205	44,870	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	345	340	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,700	1,380	1,325	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,635	14,425	14,210	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	495	445	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,225	10,750	10,470	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	1,035	975	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,960	1,505	1,460	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,065	8,115	7,955	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,490	2,515	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,030	4,585	4,445	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	1,040	995	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	10	10	5	5	88,045	42,845	45,205	25	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	45	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,505	4,745	4,755	5	0	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,910	4,750	5,165	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,425	3,635	3,790	5	5	5
Spanish	20	15	10	10	5	5	61,090	29,655	31,435	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,575	1,550	3,025	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,240	8,935	10,305	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	255	310	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	16,500	8,265	8,235	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	855	800	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	115	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	95	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	725	650	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	550	585	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	100	95	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	190	205	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	305	350	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	530	580	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	50	100	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,455	1,165	1,290	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	145	115	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,205	1,710	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,090	1,170	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,275	1,175	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	575	470	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	290	335	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	340	310	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	370	330	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,025	54,995	63,030	40	20	20
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	115,870	53,935	61,940	40	20	20
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	405	470	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,135	25,165	28,970	35	20	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,400	1,040	1,360	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	215	225	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,280	26,280	30,005	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	760	845	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,015	1,040	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	205	215	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	365	355	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	290	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	335	335	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,040	1,110	1,935	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	460	490	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	620	1,390	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,335	2,360	1,975	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	235	200	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,290	1,825	1,460	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	130	110	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	75	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	6,120	2,890	3,230	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	285	415	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	5	0	5	5,255	2,530	2,725	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	80	0	0	0
Multiple responses	5	5	5	20	10	10	166,455	80,575	85,890	25	15	10
English and French	0	0	0	5	0	5	17,600	8,520	9,085	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	10	10	131,195	63,735	67,465	30	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,125	1,535	1,590	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,160	1,270	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,105	5,625	6,480	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	380	205	175	475	235	240	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	1,385	705	685
English	335	180	155	340	175	160	3,183,975	1,606,395	1,577,580	1,215	625	590
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,490	7,660	7,835	0	0	0
Non-official language	15	10	5	50	25	25	272,985	131,515	141,475	35	15	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,700	1,890	1,805	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	5	50	25	25	269,280	129,620	139,665	35	15	15
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,100	19,580	21,515	10	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	75	30	45	664,935	323,185	341,750	125	60	65
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	725	865	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,280	8,175	9,105	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	24,475	11,545	12,930	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	380	205	175	475	235	240	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	1,385	705	685
Single responses	375	200	170	460	230	235	4,054,960	2,027,555	2,027,400	1,370	695	675
Official languages	345	190	160	380	190	190	3,504,300	1,758,870	1,745,425	1,310	670	640
English	345	190	160	380	190	190	3,481,545	1,747,645	1,733,895	1,300	670	635
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,755	11,225	11,530	0	0	0
Non-official languages	30	15	10	80	40	40	550,665	268,690	281,975	65	30	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,175	3,615	3,565	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,355	3,210	3,140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	490	475	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	235	240	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	150	145	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,510	2,275	2,230	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	345	340	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	340	340	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	300	290	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	15	10	80	40	40	543,490	265,075	278,415	65	30	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	52,375	26,290	26,085	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	80	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,170	5,010	5,155	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,580	1,305	1,270	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,425	3,620	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	41,920	21,120	20,800	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,385	2,635	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	10	5	0	28,040	14,195	13,840	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	310	325	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	155	160	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	215	200	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,600	3,905	3,700	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	17,075	7,795	9,285	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	430	545	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	25	10	15	15,945	7,280	8,670	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	20	15	5	82,190	38,845	43,345	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	595	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,990	1,435	1,555	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	610	680	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,450	2,075	2,375	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	215	220	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	95	120	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	330	370	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10	10	5	69,570	32,865	36,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	485	525	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	115	115	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	105	100	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	11,840	5,985	5,855	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	150	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,270	3,150	3,120	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5	0	5	3,480	1,790	1,690	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	860	845	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	60	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	15	10	15	5	10	265,460	131,850	133,610	30	10	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	550	490	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	115	125	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	28,760	13,815	14,945	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	175	170	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	105	105	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	28,415	13,640	14,775	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	290	305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	365	400	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,230	3,575	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,885	5,205	5,680	5	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	2,105	2,265	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,525	740	785	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	990	1,065	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	295	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,080	1,990	2,090	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,925	20,195	20,730	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,275	14,360	14,920	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,025	14,235	14,790	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	5,675	5,630	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	850	870	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	725	800	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,280	1,170	1,115	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,620	2,850	2,770	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	75	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	430	505	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	146,225	73,640	72,580	10	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	132,370	66,780	65,590	10	5	10
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,085	2,505	2,580	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,620	5,435	5,185	5	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,295	6,225	6,075	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	345	480	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	570	570	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,280	2,200	2,080	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	5	0	5	75,180	38,085	37,090	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	200	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	790	805	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,080	9,990	10,085	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,835	6,850	6,980	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	655	660	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	960	960	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,495	5,190	5,310	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,990	1,435	1,560	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,150	3,065	3,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	47,235	23,055	24,180	5	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	915	1,220	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,230	2,355	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,745	1,775	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	10	0	0	0	36,925	18,135	18,790	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	920	1,275	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,510	6,915	7,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	165	200	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,470	3,055	3,415	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	370	380	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	215	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	255	315	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	160	175	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	195	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	505	595	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	100	80	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	300	375	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	640	625	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	310	245	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	135	145	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,325	765	560	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	610	455	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	150	105	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,325	38,350	42,970	30	15	15
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,775	37,570	42,200	30	15	15
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	125	180	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,005	19,245	20,765	25	15	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	405	575	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	130	140	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,205	17,195	20,010	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	455	505	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	765	745	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	125	125	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	280	280	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	230	225	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	265	245	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	655	755	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	205	230	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	430	495	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,405	1,285	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	115	120	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,180	1,145	1,035	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	860	945	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	50	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	795	880	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	0	0	15	5	10	166,875	81,225	85,650	15	10	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,010	3,875	4,130	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	15	5	10	152,980	74,600	78,375	15	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	345	430	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	845	915	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,355	1,560	1,795	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	380	205	175	475	235	235	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	1,385	705	685
None	355	190	160	405	210	195	3,610,710	1,812,855	1,797,850	1,265	645	620
English	15	5	10	20	10	10	224,860	111,370	113,495	25	10	15
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,900	14,530	16,375	5	0	5
Non-official language	10	5	5	35	15	25	279,795	133,050	146,750	75	35	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,470	4,835	5,630	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	5	5	35	15	20	269,325	128,210	141,115	75	35	35
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,370	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	5	5	34,750	17,340	17,410	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,875	3,655	4,220	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	295	275	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	10	5	5	29,550	14,325	15,225	5	5	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	375	195	185	480	215	265	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,385	670	715
Official languages	375	195	185	465	215	250	4,113,035	2,061,660	2,051,375	1,380	670	710
English	375	195	185	465	215	250	4,109,720	2,060,230	2,049,495	1,380	670	710
French	25	10	20	15	10	0	260,415	119,860	140,560	115	55	60
Non-official languages	50	20	20	180	70	115	1,215,795	587,465	628,325	230	120	115
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,910	15,640	17,275	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,220	13,945	15,275	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,605	3,085	3,515	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,000	10,590	11,410	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,980	10,585	11,395	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	90	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,265	1,840	2,425	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,060	1,100	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,405	7,600	7,800	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	480	570	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	470	555	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	290	345	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,510	1,145	1,365	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,490	1,140	1,350	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,760	840	920	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	165	230	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	120	165	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	45	80	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	55	100	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	10	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	580	580	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	105	95	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	455	430	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	35	65	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	20	20	160	55	100	1,183,510	572,060	611,450	230	120	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	123,440	63,820	59,620	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	370	260	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	135	45	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	40	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	500	345	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	470	335	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,915	10,520	10,385	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	415	385	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,390	2,775	2,610	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,865	7,395	7,475	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,580	54,910	50,670	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,775	8,070	7,700	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,760	40,430	36,335	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,125	625	495	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	255	190	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	125	105	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,710	1,935	1,770	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,380	7,855	7,515	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	285	130	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	50	20	35	35,940	16,645	19,295	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,275	1,410	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	50	20	35	33,020	15,240	17,785	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	225	165	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	20	10	15	181,630	80,370	101,260	10	10	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	605	535	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,285	1,720	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,560	3,850	4,710	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	165	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,750	1,590	2,160	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,710	5,825	7,885	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,045	1,355	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	230	380	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	95	80	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	805	900	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,210	1,465	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	560	660	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	15	10	10	172,625	76,255	96,375	10	10	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	460	550	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,045	2,295	2,750	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,360	2,730	2,630	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	765	670	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	210	275	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	260	270	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	25	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	670	585	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	580	580	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,790	13,240	12,545	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,785	915	870	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,090	6,195	5,890	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,105	5,340	4,760	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,040	2,575	2,465	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	25	20	65	25	40	607,625	300,360	307,265	155	75	80
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,730	1,405	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	440	355	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	88,305	41,660	46,640	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	425	545	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	130	195	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	300	350	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,775	41,425	46,350	10	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	165	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	800	880	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,880	1,930	1,950	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	295	345	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,385	10,655	11,730	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,760	14,030	15,725	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,860	6,820	7,035	10	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,470	1,675	1,795	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,440	3,510	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,415	3,155	3,260	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,540	1,165	1,375	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	335	440	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,340	10,625	12,715	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	107,065	53,150	53,915	15	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	175	210	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,405	33,105	33,300	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,370	32,550	32,820	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,585	785	800	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	135	85	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,720	19,390	19,320	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,005	2,935	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,170	8,515	8,655	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,055	2,030	2,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	150	140	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,395	5,810	5,590	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	180	195	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,545	2,760	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,525	1,295	1,225	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	45	85	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	555	680	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	760	855	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,645	2,365	2,280	10	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	266,095	135,440	130,660	50	20	25
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	242,500	123,495	119,005	50	20	25
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,675	5,385	5,285	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,780	12,630	12,150	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	94,015	48,065	45,945	15	10	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,495	1,550	1,945	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	430	425	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,080	1,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,995	3,620	3,370	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	115	135	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	126,385	64,695	61,690	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	755	620	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,950	2,010	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,540	26,420	25,125	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,155	970	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,205	13,830	13,380	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	60	35	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,510	1,335	1,180	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,550	2,335	2,220	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,940	10,630	10,310	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,385	3,640	3,745	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,130	5,755	5,370	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,390	1,320	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	105	100	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	185	130	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	15	0	0	0	154,035	74,195	79,845	75	45	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,480	9,525	9,960	55	30	25
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,645	7,290	7,355	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,930	4,830	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	15	0	0	0	116,070	55,430	60,640	15	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	270	185	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	135	165	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,925	4,845	6,080	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,030	10,705	12,325	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	355	435	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,335	20,960	20,375	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,805	1,755	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	400	335	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	270	205	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	265	255	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	350	380	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	205	210	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,685	2,390	2,295	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,010	945	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	790	765	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	180	145	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	465	480	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	675	630	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	1,035	1,130	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	140	180	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,495	5,040	4,455	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	400	330	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,490	5,265	5,220	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,160	3,230	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,615	1,890	1,725	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	740	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	355	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	695	590	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	240	200	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,525	2,455	4,070	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,685	2,100	3,585	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	415	550	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,545	68,355	76,190	65	35	30
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	141,465	66,830	74,635	65	35	30
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	630	820	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	82,095	38,175	43,915	65	35	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,250	1,825	2,425	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	335	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	74,960	35,260	39,700	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	860	930	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,035	1,510	1,520	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	450	450	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	555	545	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	485	480	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	435	390	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	135	195	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	75	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,335	1,770	2,565	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	755	760	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,030	1,125	1,905	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	90	130	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	4,015	3,435	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	500	445	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,830	3,285	2,540	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	80	120	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	225	210	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	110	140	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,950	3,810	4,140	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	105	135	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	480	540	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,700	3,235	3,465	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	630	505	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	380	190	185	480	215	265	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,380	675	715
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	85	35	50	284,470	137,665	146,800	25	0	25
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	80	35	45	276,060	133,625	142,435	25	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	60	30	35	145,640	70,360	75,285	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	20	10	15	127,470	61,780	65,690	25	0	25
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,945	1,480	1,465	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,785	2,435	2,350	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,610	2,010	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	370	190	185	395	180	215	3,893,245	1,950,565	1,942,685	1,355	675	685
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	380	190	185	480	215	265	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,380	675	715
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	45	20	25	126,530	61,050	65,485	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	380	190	185	435	195	240	4,051,185	2,027,185	2,024,000	1,380	675	715
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	130	...	...	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	400	...	...
Owner	105	...	...	155	...	...	1,157,495	...	...	390	...	...
Renter	25	...	...	40	...	...	465,220	...	...	0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	130	...	...	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	400	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	0	...	...	294,875	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	130	...	...	195	...	...	1,338,345	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	130	...	...	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	400	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	9,160	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	0	...	...	158,300	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	0	...	...	25	...	...	350,400	...	...	0	...	...
3 bedrooms	45	...	...	85	...	...	566,750	...	...	115	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	80	...	...	75	...	...	548,610	...	...	280	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	130	...	...	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	400	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	0	...	...	15	...	...	427,120	...	...	0	...	...
5 rooms	15	...	...	50	...	...	258,680	...	...	20	...	...
6 rooms	15	...	...	55	...	...	235,145	...	...	30	...	...
7 rooms	25	...	...	35	...	...	206,130	...	...	15	...	...
8 or more rooms	75	...	...	35	...	...	506,150	...	...	325	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	8.0	...	...	6.3	...	...	6.4	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	130	...	...	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	400	...	...
One person or fewer per room	130	...	...	185	...	...	1,589,600	...	...	390	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	10	...	...	43,620	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	130	...	...	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	400	...	...
Suitable	125	...	...	185	...	...	1,556,960	...	...	390	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	10	...	...	76,260	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	130	...	...	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	400	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	0	...	...	168,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	0	...	...	180	...	...	428,655	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	120	...	...	0	...	...	188,550	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	0	...	...	224,315	...	...	140	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	152,840	...	...	150	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	168,905	...	...	80	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	161,095	...	...	15	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	139,935	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	130	...	...	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	400	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	120	...	...	180	...	...	1,543,795	...	...	395	...	...
Major repairs needed	10	...	...	15	...	...	89,420	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	130	...	...	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	400	...	...
One-maintainer household	50	...	...	90	...	...	802,915	...	...	160	...	...
Two-maintainer household	75	...	...	70	...	...	745,175	...	...	235	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	35	...	...	85,130	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	130	...	...	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	400	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	0	...	...	51,475	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	15	...	...	30	...	...	260,820	...	...	0	...	...
35 to 44 years	30	...	...	45	...	...	341,390	...	...	40	...	...
45 to 54 years	30	...	...	40	...	...	304,080	...	...	170	...	...
55 to 64 years	40	...	...	35	...	...	311,335	...	...	135	...	...
65 to 74 years	20	...	...	30	...	...	222,825	...	...	35	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	0	...	...	105,505	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,775	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	125	...	...	190	...	...	1,588,960	...	...	400	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	100	...	...	135	...	...	1,251,370	...	...	345	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	35	...	...	60	...	...	337,585	...	...	55	...	...
30% to less than 100%	30	...	...	60	...	...	306,355	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	125	...	...	195	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	85	...	...	463,775	...	...	70	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	15	...	...	60	...	...	304,300	...	...	55	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	0	...	...	58,970	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	15	...	...	61,750	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	11,080	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0	...	...	21,460	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	5,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	740	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	95	...	...	115	...	...	1,169,450	...	...	330	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	125	...	...	195	...	...	1,557,725	...	...	385	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	35	...	...	154,230	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	110	...	...	155	...	...	1,403,495	...	...	380	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	105	...	...	155	...	...	1,131,995	...	...	390	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.9	...	...	67.7	...	...	64.2	...	...	56.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.0	...	...	29.0	...	...	16.0	...	...	11.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	19.4	...	...	5.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...	1,550	...	...	1,600	...	...	2,060	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,680	...	...	1,400	...	...	1,678	...	...	2,190	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000	...	...	308,000	...	...	400,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	440,000	...	...	312,000	...	...	448,800	...	...	804,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20	...	...	40	...	...	463,570	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	9.1	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	34.0	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	20.7	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,290	...	...	1,280	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,900	...	...	1,200	...	...	1,332	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.5	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	302	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	350	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	375	190	185	480	215	260	4,177,715	2,088,230	2,089,480	1,385	670	710
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	35	15	15	135,650	66,545	69,110	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	35	15	15	131,200	64,375	66,820	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	35	15	15	101,455	49,465	51,990	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,695	14,340	14,355	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	570	480	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,175	2,285	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,090	1,985	2,100	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	90	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10	10	0	45	25	20	187,365	90,475	96,890	20	0	20
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10	10	0	40	25	15	180,640	87,270	93,375	20	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	35	20	15	102,335	49,695	52,640	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,055	36,420	39,640	25	0	25
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,720	3,210	3,515	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,150	2,915	3,235	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	130	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	370	180	185	395	175	225	3,854,695	1,931,210	1,923,485	1,355	670	680
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	375	190	185	475	215	265	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,385	670	710
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	360	185	180	430	200	230	3,792,705	1,903,020	1,889,685	1,350	660	685
Canadian citizens aged under 18	105	50	50	85	25	55	900,670	463,925	436,745	365	175	190
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	260	130	130	345	175	170	2,892,035	1,439,095	1,452,945	985	490	495
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	0	0	0	50	15	35	385,010	185,215	199,795	35	10	25
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	375	190	185	475	215	265	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,385	670	710
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	315	160	155	375	175	205	3,141,915	1,585,765	1,556,150	1,180	570	605
Immigrants⁸¹	45	20	25	95	35	65	970,970	468,250	502,725	205	95	105
Before 1980	25	10	10	0	0	0	127,275	62,275	65,005	55	30	20
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,320	44,550	46,770	10	0	0
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	20	0	10	126,605	60,125	66,480	45	20	25
2001 to 2010	0	0	0	15	0	10	239,260	115,815	123,445	85	30	55
2011 to 2021⁸²	0	0	0	55	25	30	386,510	185,485	201,025	15	10	10
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	50	20	25	193,335	93,675	99,665	10	10	0
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	0	0	0	193,175	91,810	101,360	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,830	34,215	30,610	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	45	20	25	95	35	65	970,975	468,250	502,725	205	95	105
Under 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,135	43,645	41,485	20	0	15
5 to 14 years	10	0	10	20	0	15	169,075	87,630	81,440	45	30	15
15 to 24 years	10	0	0	0	0	0	175,855	81,330	94,525	20	10	10
25 to 44 years	15	15	0	60	25	40	450,070	213,555	236,510	95	45	50
45 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,845	42,090	48,760	20	10	15
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	45	20	25	95	35	65	970,975	468,250	502,725	205	95	105
Americas	30	15	15	35	10	20	110,855	51,790	59,065	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	1,590	2,210	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,385	4,855	5,535	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,940	3,340	3,600	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,375	1,175	1,205	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	745	625	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,695	4,160	4,530	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,990	8,935	9,055	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	825	1,075	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,360	1,560	1,800	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,540	13,490	17,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,500	11,110	12,395	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	180,590	90,195	90,395	85	35	55
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,335	2,155	2,185	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,405	1,710	1,700	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	1,330	1,390	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,635	8,000	8,635	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	855	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,080	1,505	1,580	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,990	3,605	3,380	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,730	6,680	6,050	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,595	7,280	8,315	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,895	1,835	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,190	3,585	3,605	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,470	3,205	4,260	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,220	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,050	4,870	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,675	29,555	27,125	50	20	30
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,990	13,535	13,460	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	119,295	60,715	58,580	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	665	560	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,215	1,640	1,575	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,760	3,660	3,095	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,720	5,230	4,495	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,420	7,085	7,340	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,100	1,035	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,065	10,925	10,145	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,545	4,260	4,285	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,960	4,430	4,535	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,250	21,720	21,530	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	55	20	35	549,965	260,520	289,440	110	50	55
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,585	3,235	3,350	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,865	4,625	4,245	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,220	3,225	2,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,960	5,375	4,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,975	5,310	4,665	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,830	1,575	1,260	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,390	27,935	33,455	50	25	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,725	9,090	9,630	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,180	7,545	8,635	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,395	1,415	1,980	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	20	10	10	167,735	74,205	93,530	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	20	10	10	27,880	12,700	15,180	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,035	3,080	2,960	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	122,150	61,405	60,740	30	15	20
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,810	15,690	15,120	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,930	2,490	2,445	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	10	0	10	46,305	21,615	24,690	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,275	5,030	5,240	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	10	0	0	193,170	91,815	101,360	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,300	8,985	10,320	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	555	810	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	535	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	135	85	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	985	1,145	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,165	2,140	2,025	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,460	2,715	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	525	695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,645	2,070	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,750	7,955	7,795	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	200	200	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	310	445	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	640	425	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	285	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	395	695	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,045	920	1,125	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	2,170	1,630	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,135	3,045	3,090	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,320	16,870	17,450	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	50	105	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	220	230	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	385	520	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	595	595	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,120	2,665	2,450	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,865	2,100	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	215	290	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,840	4,950	4,890	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,960	970	985	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	1,025	930	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	530	605	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	150	105	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,725	2,680	3,040	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	122,360	57,210	65,145	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,350	655	700	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,495	4,095	5,400	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	330	395	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,815	16,070	15,745	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	665	750	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	625	680	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	365	295	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	50	285	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	235	220	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,440	1,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	455	500	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	670	695	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	1,950	2,130	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,605	21,395	26,215	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	360	325	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	370	365	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,295	3,900	3,400	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	405	440	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	375	315	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,760	580	1,180	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	1,670	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	785	655	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	510	430	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	280	220	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	380	190	185	480	215	265	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,385	675	715
First generation¹⁰⁰	65	30	30	110	40	65	1,074,140	522,255	551,885	230	105	125
Second generation¹⁰¹	45	15	25	90	35	55	777,505	391,285	386,215	245	85	155
Third generation or more¹⁰²	275	145	130	280	135	145	2,326,075	1,174,690	1,151,385	910	475	435
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	25	10	20	90	35	60	843,700	405,975	437,720	150	65	90
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	0	0	0	25	15	10	471,325	236,805	234,520	105	50	55
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	0	0	0	10	0	0	192,785	116,035	76,755	40	30	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	0	0	0	15	10	0	278,535	120,765	157,765	70	20	50
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	0	0	0	35	10	25	240,090	98,410	141,680	45	15	30
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	10	0	0	123,970	66,715	57,255	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,315	4,050	4,265	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	25	10	20	90	35	60	843,700	405,975	437,720	150	65	90
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	25	0	20	29,815	17,215	12,595	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	15	10	0	25	10	15	126,640	57,515	69,125	10	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,340	12,430	11,910	10	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,540	25,735	21,805	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,740	1,430	2,305	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	0	0	0	35	15	20	611,625	291,650	319,975	135	55	80
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	380	190	185	480	215	265	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,385	675	715
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	60	30	35	130	40	90	1,161,420	571,535	589,885	185	90	95
South Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	297,650	152,030	145,620	55	25	30
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	164,235	79,520	84,710	85	45	50
Black	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,940	90,375	87,570	10	0	10
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	216,710	99,540	117,170	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,505	36,555	32,955	0	0	0
Latin American	30	15	20	0	0	0	66,520	32,115	34,405	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	35	10	25	54,005	25,215	28,790	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,075	12,835	12,240	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,365	11,600	12,770	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,560	6,135	7,425	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,100	5,985	6,120	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	20	0	20	39,745	19,625	20,120	20	15	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	315	165	150	350	170	175	3,016,295	1,516,700	1,499,605	1,195	575	620
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	375	195	190	475	210	265	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,385	670	715
Canadian	65	45	25	55	30	20	484,655	251,795	232,860	190	95	95
English	100	55	50	55	25	30	766,070	376,940	389,130	290	145	145
Irish	100	50	50	60	30	30	561,915	270,440	291,470	230	110	125
Scottish	80	50	30	65	30	35	631,015	309,855	321,160	385	190	195
French, n.o.s.¹²²	15	0	10	20	0	10	340,900	167,270	173,635	100	40	60
German	60	30	30	60	20	40	641,025	317,325	323,705	210	85	125
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,990	85,545	92,440	70	30	40
Italian	15	10	10	0	0	0	98,730	49,855	48,875	110	60	55
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,700	79,060	76,640	40	15	25
Ukrainian	50	20	35	35	15	20	343,640	169,070	174,575	120	60	55
Dutch	25	10	10	15	10	10	174,625	87,015	87,610	50	15	35
Polish	20	20	0	0	0	0	169,925	82,005	87,915	110	55	50
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,380	2,810	2,570	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	30	20	15	0	0	0	124,835	63,065	61,770	50	15	35
Filipino	0	0	0	20	10	10	203,955	94,020	109,935	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,365	15,655	16,710	25	15	10
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20	10	10	0	0	0	73,475	37,700	35,780	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	10	10	0	73,355	35,940	37,415	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	15	10	0	115,455	55,915	59,535	30	0	30
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	30	10	20	70,790	36,360	34,425	40	20	15
Russian	0	0	0	10	10	10	97,890	46,455	51,435	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	154,535	74,455	80,085	75	55	20
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,810	36,840	39,970	50	20	30
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,415	10,745	10,680	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	10	10	0	66,100	32,535	33,560	35	15	20
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,165	18,395	21,770	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,975	43,950	49,025	85	40	45
Hungarian	10	0	10	0	0	0	51,360	25,175	26,185	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,110	5,175	4,935	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,535	20,140	19,390	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,225	17,015	17,210	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,405	7,195	7,210	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,585	19,270	18,315	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,395	18,815	20,580	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,860	12,675	11,185	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,980	7,290	6,690	30	15	15
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,620	7,845	7,775	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,255	15,030	16,225	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	25	15	10	62,465	30,145	32,315	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,170	11,505	12,660	0	0	0
Romanian	10	0	10	0	0	0	31,530	14,880	16,650	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,480	14,600	13,880	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,380	5,165	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,380	7,135	7,240	55	30	25
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,190	27,550	28,640	30	10	20
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,435	12,745	13,695	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,860	15,005	13,855	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,220	17,895	18,325	30	15	15
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,985	10,715	11,270	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,460	1,255	1,200	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,535	10,485	10,050	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,450	12,870	12,580	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,565	15,825	15,740	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,450	11,045	11,405	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,705	9,040	9,665	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,140	2,600	2,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,720	6,830	6,890	10	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,605	8,565	10,040	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,945	4,525	4,420	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,305	4,030	4,275	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,800	13,080	12,720	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,420	6,350	6,065	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,585	5,080	4,505	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,105	5,985	6,125	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,160	1,645	1,515	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,720	9,865	9,850	25	10	20
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	5,380	5,735	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,620	1,375	1,250	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,730	9,465	10,260	15	10	10
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,520	4,880	4,645	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,370	1,715	1,655	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,380	5,155	5,225	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,570	3,310	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,655	3,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,680	2,280	2,395	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,615	4,495	4,125	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,715	3,340	3,375	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,505	1,655	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,640	2,425	2,215	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,595	2,300	2,295	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	3,725	2,945	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,065	1,870	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,525	3,435	3,090	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	680	620	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,000	2,340	2,655	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,600	7,585	7,015	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	930	940	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,525	5,200	5,320	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,430	3,470	3,965	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,310	8,160	8,150	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,630	1,510	2,120	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,385	2,345	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,055	3,475	3,580	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,445	3,460	3,980	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,800	3,120	2,680	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,735	1,930	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	820	860	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	995	1,220	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,670	2,635	3,035	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,400	4,055	4,345	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,395	4,275	4,125	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,365	2,060	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,350	3,765	3,590	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,540	1,815	1,725	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,590	1,280	1,310	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,505	6,620	6,875	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,735	2,690	3,045	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,270	1,395	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,895	4,535	4,360	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,535	2,235	2,295	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	550	450	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,240	1,810	1,430	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,535	800	730	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	440	485	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,935	1,925	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,220	2,505	2,715	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	790	760	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,210	2,140	2,070	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,010	5,580	5,430	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,305	1,305	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	995	925	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	1,020	950	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,235	3,925	4,310	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,490	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,600	13,605	12,990	30	10	20
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,015	2,025	1,995	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,725	835	895	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,665	1,585	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	1,990	2,095	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	440	415	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,640	1,890	1,745	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	985	1,140	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,170	2,065	2,100	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	2,015	2,220	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	140	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,920	1,450	1,470	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,190	1,090	1,095	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	1,060	1,140	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,185	1,210	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,640	1,660	1,985	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,460	1,225	1,235	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,045	2,785	3,255	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,525	1,205	1,320	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,405	1,230	1,175	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	965	980	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	465	515	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	190	130	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	1,030	1,000	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,280	1,365	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,155	2,040	2,115	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,875	1,445	1,430	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,125	1,070	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	650	635	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,535	1,240	2,295	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	525	480	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,140	2,655	2,485	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	95	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	345	350	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,245	2,750	2,495	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,310	1,120	1,190	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,220	2,020	2,200	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	5,290	5,830	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,065	1,005	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	645	710	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,175	1,630	1,545	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,225	2,690	2,530	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	155	165	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,180	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,205	1,435	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	30	15	15	5,360	2,660	2,705	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	470	490	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	140	105	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,150	1,935	2,210	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,200	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	55	25	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	330	165	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,715	1,400	1,315	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	330	360	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	910	1,075	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	240	315	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	575	580	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,075	2,745	2,325	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,780	895	880	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	450	540	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,315	1,395	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	200	250	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	575	600	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	845	750	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	305	355	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	860	745	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	245	355	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	900	800	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	140	115	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	590	630	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	710	695	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	395	515	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,075	1,030	1,040	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	150	155	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	740	785	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	250	265	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	215	155	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	500	475	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	715	650	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,785	855	925	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	295	270	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	440	435	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	455	395	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,300	1,530	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	535	580	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	805	885	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	185	160	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	110	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,745	2,025	1,715	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	775	725	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	565	595	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	620	395	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	235	240	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	400	445	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	410	330	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,535	1,145	1,395	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,120	1,180	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	185	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	235	300	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	280	310	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	160	165	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	310	270	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	305	350	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	290	305	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	105	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,195	575	620	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	340	440	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	560	560	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	625	525	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	185	190	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	925	825	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	125	185	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	380	190	185	480	215	265	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,380	675	715
Buddhist	0	0	0	40	15	25	42,830	19,140	23,690	0	0	0
Christian	230	105	120	160	75	85	2,009,820	952,440	1,057,385	865	410	455
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	55	30	25	35	20	15	429,375	207,320	222,055	190	95	95
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,035	10,075	9,960	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	95,560	43,925	51,635	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,605	20,650	23,955	0	0	0
Catholic	130	65	65	60	35	25	833,025	399,750	433,275	485	235	250
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,775	30,995	32,775	15	10	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	20	0	20	18,185	7,955	10,235	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,125	22,540	24,580	50	20	30
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,925	36,470	42,455	50	15	35
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,640	4,400	5,240	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,900	25,250	28,655	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,850	10,360	12,495	10	0	10
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,735	7,310	7,430	0	0	0
United Church	20	0	15	20	15	10	153,820	67,205	86,615	40	20	15
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	15	0	15	15	10	10	124,265	58,235	66,030	15	10	10
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,520	40,435	38,085	55	30	30
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,390	5,475	5,915	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	202,535	103,635	98,900	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	103,600	52,505	51,100	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,755	9,640	10,120	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,220	14,325	18,905	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	135	80	55	245	115	135	1,676,045	890,645	785,400	455	230	230
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	375	190	185	475	215	265	4,131,540	2,064,715	2,066,825	1,380	670	705
Non-movers	330	165	160	420	185	240	3,583,005	1,793,310	1,789,695	1,225	595	630
Movers	45	20	25	55	30	25	548,535	271,400	277,130	150	70	75
Non-migrants	45	20	25	45	25	25	367,325	182,230	185,100	75	35	40
Migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	181,205	89,170	92,035	75	40	35
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	152,655	75,275	77,380	50	25	25
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	107,180	52,880	54,295	30	15	15
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,475	22,390	23,090	20	10	15
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,555	13,900	14,650	25	10	10
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	360	185	180	465	215	255	3,930,000	1,961,005	1,969,000	1,355	665	695
Non-movers	225	120	105	325	145	175	2,314,250	1,158,665	1,155,590	1,030	515	515
Movers	135	60	75	140	65	70	1,615,755	802,340	813,415	330	150	180
Non-migrants	90	30	60	110	60	55	854,765	427,660	427,105	255	110	140
Migrants	40	30	10	25	15	20	760,990	374,680	386,305	75	35	40
Internal migrants	30	25	10	25	15	20	596,980	295,120	301,860	50	25	25
Intraprovincial migrants	30	25	10	0	0	0	431,785	213,950	217,830	30	20	15
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	25	15	20	165,195	81,160	84,035	20	0	15
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	164,015	79,565	84,445	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	280	135	145	395	185	210	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	1,165	565	605
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	50	30	25	100	55	45	595,665	322,765	272,900	170	75	90
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	230	110	125	290	130	160	2,779,465	1,353,090	1,426,375	995	490	510
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	220	105	105	315	155	160	2,298,165	1,141,780	1,156,380	685	340	350
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25	15	0	85	40	35	274,480	156,485	117,990	10	10	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	195	90	105	235	115	120	2,023,680	985,290	1,038,390	680	335	350
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	285	135	145	395	185	210	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,275	1,170	560	600
No certificate, diploma or degree	45	20	25	100	55	45	522,835	275,555	247,275	170	80	95
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	120	60	60	155	75	80	972,110	482,900	489,215	320	140	175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	120	60	60	140	60	85	1,880,185	917,400	962,790	685	345	335
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	45	50	95	45	50	1,014,810	524,770	490,045	280	145	140
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30	30	0	35	30	10	295,285	232,120	63,165	45	30	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	15	0	10	0	0	87,195	51,295	35,900	15	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	25	20	0	208,090	180,830	27,260	30	20	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	40	10	30	55	15	40	612,690	250,540	362,145	195	80	110
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	0	20	0	0	0	106,840	42,105	64,735	45	30	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	25	15	10	45	10	35	865,370	392,625	472,745	400	200	200
Bachelor's degree	20	10	10	40	0	35	605,025	265,105	339,925	270	135	140
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,915	19,815	25,100	20	0	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,880	12,100	11,775	30	25	0
Master's degree	0	0	0	0	0	0	164,245	79,220	85,025	70	40	35
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,315	16,385	10,920	10	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	215	110	110	315	155	155	2,298,160	1,141,780	1,156,385	685	340	345
No certificate, diploma or degree	20	15	0	80	45	35	227,880	126,960	100,920	10	10	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	105	45	55	120	65	50	581,820	298,415	283,405	100	35	65
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	100	45	50	120	50	70	1,488,465	716,410	772,060	575	300	280
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	70	35	35	80	40	40	774,420	401,065	373,355	225	115	105
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	20	0	35	25	10	220,930	175,185	45,745	30	25	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	10	0	10	0	0	61,815	37,400	24,415	10	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	30	25	0	159,110	137,785	21,330	25	15	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	35	10	25	40	10	30	472,155	193,510	278,645	160	75	90
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	10	0	0	0	81,335	32,370	48,965	35	25	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	25	15	15	45	10	35	714,040	315,340	398,700	350	180	175
Bachelor's degree	20	10	15	40	0	35	497,885	213,625	284,260	235	120	120
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,125	15,110	20,020	15	0	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,045	9,435	10,615	25	20	0
Master's degree	0	0	0	0	0	0	139,935	65,290	74,645	65	35	30
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,050	11,880	9,165	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	285	140	145	390	185	205	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	1,170	565	600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	160	80	80	250	125	125	1,494,945	758,460	736,490	485	215	265
Education	10	0	10	10	0	10	129,710	30,305	99,400	55	20	35
13. Education	10	0	10	10	0	10	129,710	30,305	99,400	55	20	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,820	20,045	29,775	10	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,805	4,125	1,675	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,015	15,915	28,100	0	0	0
Humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,030	29,415	45,615	25	0	25
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,385	1,545	5,845	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,425	4,255	11,170	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,015	8,710	15,315	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	400	760	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,555	3,090	2,465	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,680	6,855	4,830	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,065	4,165	3,895	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,735	400	1,335	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	10	15	0	15	177,435	57,365	120,070	45	15	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,750	620	2,130	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,730	8,340	13,395	15	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,220	2,090	27,125	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,215	10,250	20,965	15	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,025	2,015	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	10	0	10	31,925	7,565	24,355	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,565	27,475	30,085	15	0	0
Business, management and public administration	40	10	25	30	0	30	390,110	151,140	238,975	195	110	90
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	160	455	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,375	4,465	18,910	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	10	25	20	0	20	366,120	146,520	219,605	195	110	85
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,425	40,180	40,245	45	25	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,505	11,950	17,555	20	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,630	8,340	10,295	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	400	715	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,315	17,555	8,760	15	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,860	1,930	2,930	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0	71,380	45,230	26,150	35	25	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	0	0	0	58,030	39,530	18,500	25	20	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,400	600	3,800	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,770	4,330	3,435	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	765	420	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	35	0	50	45	10	461,075	411,075	49,995	145	120	30
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,095	7,465	4,625	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	0	0	0	114,735	92,365	22,370	85	65	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	0	0	106,575	91,350	15,225	35	35	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	30	25	0	95,890	92,650	3,240	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	10	0	82,805	80,150	2,655	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,925	47,075	1,850	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,710	28,660	23,055	15	15	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,010	19,075	15,935	10	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,700	9,575	7,120	0	0	0
Health and related fields	15	0	15	10	0	0	295,415	56,225	239,190	100	25	75
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,505	9,625	10,885	15	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	0	15	10	0	0	267,750	42,785	224,965	75	0	60
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	180	295	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,680	3,635	3,050	10	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	10	0	10	97,660	47,575	50,075	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,430	15,580	41,845	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	335	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	605	100	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,025	12,445	6,580	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,125	18,615	1,520	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	190	235	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	215	110	110	315	155	160	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	685	340	345
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	120	65	55	195	110	85	809,700	425,375	384,325	110	45	65
Education	10	0	10	15	0	10	92,240	19,980	72,255	50	15	35
13. Education	10	0	10	15	0	10	92,240	19,980	72,255	50	15	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,730	15,620	24,110	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,065	2,750	1,315	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,665	12,875	22,790	0	0	0
Humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,200	22,205	35,990	20	0	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	1,210	4,740	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,145	3,310	8,825	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,305	6,800	12,500	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	295	590	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,385	2,430	1,950	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,135	4,740	3,395	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,205	3,160	3,040	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	250	940	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	0	0	0	15	0	15	146,530	45,555	100,975	45	15	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,315	515	1,800	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,890	6,940	11,950	15	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,325	1,630	21,690	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	7,730	18,210	15	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	825	1,715	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	10	0	10	25,775	5,750	20,025	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,735	22,165	25,570	15	10	0
Business, management and public administration	35	10	20	25	0	25	317,125	121,510	195,615	155	90	65
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	135	315	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,680	3,200	15,480	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25	0	20	20	0	20	297,995	118,175	179,820	150	90	65
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,555	29,465	32,090	30	10	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,290	9,185	14,105	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,260	6,255	8,010	15	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	315	580	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,655	12,320	7,335	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,445	1,385	2,055	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0	61,125	39,035	22,085	30	25	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	0	0	0	51,435	34,910	16,530	25	20	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,945	460	2,490	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,775	3,080	2,700	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	590	370	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	25	0	45	40	0	362,315	318,170	44,135	130	100	30
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,600	5,585	4,020	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	0	0	0	95,200	75,075	20,125	85	65	30
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	84,485	71,240	13,245	25	25	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	30	25	0	73,955	71,080	2,875	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,780	59,485	2,290	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,260	35,705	1,555	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,085	20,610	19,475	10	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	12,965	13,205	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,925	7,650	6,275	0	0	0
Health and related fields	10	0	10	0	0	0	232,820	45,895	186,920	85	25	65
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,345	7,640	8,705	15	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	0	10	0	0	0	210,650	35,325	175,320	60	0	55
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	145	255	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,430	2,785	2,645	10	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	10	0	10	76,410	38,205	38,205	10	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	0	0	43,535	12,080	31,455	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	275	25	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	390	55	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,885	10,385	5,505	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,245	15,080	1,165	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	215	110	110	315	155	160	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	685	340	345
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	120	65	55	195	110	85	809,700	425,375	384,325	110	45	65
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	95	45	50	120	50	75	1,488,465	716,405	772,060	580	295	285
Location of study inside Canada	85	40	50	100	40	60	1,157,790	563,035	594,750	500	255	240
Same as province or territory of residence	65	35	35	90	30	60	886,080	429,870	456,210	285	150	140
Different than province or territory of residence	20	0	15	15	10	0	271,710	133,165	138,545	210	105	105
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	10	0	0	20	10	10	330,675	153,370	177,305	80	40	40
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,515	26,775	27,740	15	10	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,460	17,900	16,555	15	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,255	2,565	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	300	320	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	125	65	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	665	805	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,480	1,000	1,475	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,335	1,865	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	220	420	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	995	1,400	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,975	2,265	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,920	28,570	26,350	15	10	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	320	190	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,005	1,045	960	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,670	1,520	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,215	890	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	515	435	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	310	335	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	445	540	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,150	1,350	1,805	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,790	1,455	1,335	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,450	1,515	1,935	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,305	1,940	2,365	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	1,115	750	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,280	11,190	9,090	15	10	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	375	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	360	300	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	365	390	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,550	3,385	3,165	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,775	13,770	13,005	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,795	3,825	3,970	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	345	325	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	615	475	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	305	200	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,665	1,565	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,660	1,885	1,770	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,830	5,130	4,700	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	188,060	80,750	107,315	50	20	30
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,440	1,605	1,835	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	730	705	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	350	305	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	695	805	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	700	660	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	540	360	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,320	7,525	9,795	30	10	20
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	245	715	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	425	820	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	530	1,405	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,990	2,990	4,000	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	74,205	29,080	45,130	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	545	955	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	990	1,490	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	685	595	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,120	24,905	27,215	15	10	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,355	4,710	5,645	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,390	3,510	4,885	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,410	3,505	2,905	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,880	2,560	2,320	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	680	425	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	265	160	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	280	135	145	395	185	210	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,280	1,170	560	600
In the labour force	225	120	100	300	155	145	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,425	855	445	415
Employed	190	100	90	250	130	115	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,135	750	385	360
Unemployed	30	20	10	50	25	25	264,650	138,365	126,290	110	55	50
Not in the labour force	55	20	40	95	30	65	1,079,750	459,900	619,845	310	125	190
Participation rate	80.4	88.9	69.0	75.9	83.8	69.0	68.0	72.6	63.5	73.1	79.5	69.2
Employment rate	67.9	74.1	62.1	63.3	70.3	54.8	60.2	64.3	56.1	64.1	68.8	60.0
Unemployment rate	13.3	16.7	10.0	16.7	16.1	17.2	11.5	11.4	11.7	12.9	12.4	12.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	285	140	145	395	185	205	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	1,170	565	600
Did not work¹⁸⁶	60	15	40	155	60	95	1,140,745	497,150	643,595	370	140	230
Worked	225	120	105	245	125	115	2,234,385	1,178,705	1,055,680	795	425	370
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	130	65	60	130	60	65	1,164,455	670,620	493,835	405	250	155
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	95	55	45	110	60	50	1,069,930	508,085	561,840	390	175	215
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	40.8	41.2	38.6	38.0	39.2	40.8	41.5	39.9	41.5	42.1	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	220	120	105	300	155	145	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	850	440	415
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	10	0	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	45	15	30
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	215	115	100	290	150	140	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	810	425	380
Employee	170	80	85	255	140	115	1,876,950	967,450	909,500	630	320	305
Permanent position	135	70	65	225	125	100	1,560,435	814,805	745,625	480	260	225
Temporary position	30	10	20	35	15	20	316,520	152,640	163,880	150	65	85
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	15	0	10	97,610	44,060	53,555	35	15	20
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	20	10	15	15	10	10	218,905	108,585	110,320	115	50	65
Self-employed¹⁹²	45	35	15	35	15	20	347,975	213,655	134,320	175	105	70
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	220	120	105	300	155	145	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	850	440	415
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	10	0	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	45	15	30
All occupations¹⁹¹	215	115	100	290	150	140	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	810	425	380
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,120	16,455	6,665	20	20	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	40	10	35	45	10	35	373,795	110,275	263,520	170	55	115
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20	20	0	20	15	10	182,880	140,540	42,340	140	105	35
3 Health occupations	15	0	15	0	0	0	182,480	34,585	147,895	35	20	20
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	40	0	40	25	0	20	246,625	82,115	164,510	115	20	95
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,815	21,140	30,675	15	10	0
6 Sales and service occupations	25	15	15	90	30	60	538,930	232,640	306,285	205	110	100
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	40	0	85	80	0	441,955	399,605	42,345	60	45	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	15	15	0	0	0	0	99,430	77,250	22,180	25	20	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	10	0	10	10	0	83,895	66,480	17,415	15	15	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	220	120	105	300	155	145	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	850	440	415
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	10	0	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	45	15	30
All industries¹⁹¹	215	115	100	290	150	140	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	810	425	380
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,965	42,305	21,665	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	112,890	88,690	24,200	65	50	15
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,630	15,900	6,735	10	10	0
23 Construction	15	10	0	45	45	0	210,350	177,845	32,505	45	45	0
31-33 Manufacturing	15	15	0	45	40	0	118,890	88,735	30,155	35	35	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	15	10	0	71,580	50,655	20,930	30	20	10
44-45 Retail trade	15	0	15	20	10	15	253,030	117,605	135,425	90	40	50
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	10	0	10	10	0	128,410	96,000	32,410	15	0	10
51 Information and cultural industries	15	0	15	10	0	0	28,680	16,625	12,055	15	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,355	27,225	41,135	35	15	20
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,400	21,625	17,775	20	15	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15	15	0	15	0	10	177,895	99,055	78,840	140	85	55
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,420	2,075	2,345	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	15	0	35	10	25	91,750	51,325	40,430	0	0	0
61 Educational services	20	0	15	20	0	10	149,170	43,775	105,400	70	20	50
62 Health care and social assistance	40	10	30	10	0	10	285,090	51,930	233,155	105	25	80
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,685	20,880	21,805	30	15	15
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	10	0	0	132,930	57,280	75,650	25	10	20
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	40	10	30	104,530	50,355	54,175	30	10	25
91 Public administration	10	0	0	0	0	0	118,270	61,230	57,040	30	20	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	225	120	105	300	155	145	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	865	455	410
English	220	115	105	260	145	115	2,319,940	1,223,960	1,095,975	855	450	400
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	1,145	2,695	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,015	7,470	6,545	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	140	105	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,770	7,330	6,440	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,015	8,200	11,815	10	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	35	10	20	61,830	31,865	29,965	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	765	785	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	475	410	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	225	120	105	300	155	145	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	865	455	410
Single responses	225	120	105	300	155	145	2,407,485	1,266,360	1,141,120	865	455	410
Official languages	225	120	105	290	155	135	2,381,515	1,252,385	1,129,135	865	455	410
English	225	120	105	290	155	135	2,374,615	1,250,455	1,124,165	865	455	410
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,900	1,930	4,970	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	25,965	13,980	11,990	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	425	340	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	400	300	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	355	280	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	355	280	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	295	220	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	25,200	13,555	11,650	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	535	495	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	80	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	450	400	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	60	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	315	280	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	500	805	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	480	795	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	540	620	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	490	570	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,180	7,175	5,010	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	300	480	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	300	480	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	100	200	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,025	1,985	1,045	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	970	580	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,540	965	575	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	995	455	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	30	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	245	80	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	695	330	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,660	3,440	2,220	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	3,340	2,100	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	135	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	20	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,630	2,975	1,655	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	125	160	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	95	110	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,660	1,415	1,245	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	50	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	45	35	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,420	1,275	1,145	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	70	135	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	620	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	85	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,340	3,725	3,615	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,605	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,105	1,570	1,535	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,095	2,050	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	30	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	65	100	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	55	90	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	115	30	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	115	30	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	15	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,630	7,530	7,100	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,105	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,695	6,245	5,440	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	75	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	105	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	225	120	105	300	155	145	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	865	455	410
None	220	115	105	265	145	115	2,350,940	1,239,355	1,111,590	855	450	410
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,355	6,840	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,630	6,410	8,215	10	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	25	10	15	36,335	18,310	18,025	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	865	1,255	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	25	10	15	34,210	17,445	16,765	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	540	540	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,125	565	560	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,335	2,420	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	190	100	95	250	130	115	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,140	745	385	360
Worked at home	30	15	15	50	15	35	446,315	211,420	234,900	320	175	145
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,430	4,105	1,330	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	35	25	15	70	50	30	319,675	242,835	76,845	50	35	10
Usual place of work	120	60	65	125	75	50	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	380	170	205
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	120	60	65	125	75	55	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	375	170	205
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	105	50	55	105	55	50	902,040	419,240	482,800	335	165	170
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20	10	10	20	15	0	292,360	157,820	134,535	20	0	15
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,590	34,120	18,470	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,315	8,060	4,260	15	0	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	160	85	75	200	120	85	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	425	210	220
Car, truck or van	150	80	70	140	105	45	1,378,685	765,905	612,775	370	170	195
Car, truck or van - as a driver	145	80	65	120	90	25	1,287,940	730,925	557,015	355	155	195
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	30	10	15	90,740	34,980	55,760	15	15	0
Public transit	0	0	0	35	15	20	88,255	39,915	48,345	25	10	15
Walked	0	0	0	0	0	0	62,810	27,445	35,360	15	0	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,370	7,975	3,395	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	10	0	10	37,865	20,820	17,040	20	20	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	160	85	75	200	120	85	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	425	210	220
Less than 15 minutes	30	15	15	45	20	25	487,710	225,360	262,355	155	80	80
15 to 29 minutes	80	45	35	85	50	30	610,485	333,105	277,385	165	65	95
30 to 44 minutes	30	10	15	20	10	0	302,735	184,370	118,365	100	65	35
45 to 59 minutes	25	15	10	20	15	0	87,230	55,475	31,755	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	35	20	15	90,815	63,765	27,050	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	160	85	75	200	120	85	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	425	210	220
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	10	0	15	15	0	116,400	88,060	28,340	20	15	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	35	25	20	50	45	0	296,930	194,765	102,165	55	25	30
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	70	30	35	50	25	30	424,170	228,535	195,630	125	70	55
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	20	10	0	25	10	10	299,145	134,910	164,240	140	70	70
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	15	0	10	30	0	25	195,835	83,185	112,655	30	10	25
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	0	0	0	30	20	10	246,495	132,620	113,880	50	20	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	100	60	40	95	45	50	971,390	499,245	472,145	365	195	180
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	10	5	10	5	10	67,140	34,000	33,140	10	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	90	55	40	80	40	45	904,245	465,240	439,005	355	180	175
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	75	40	35	65	30	35	704,490	362,400	342,090	335	175	160
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	10	5	5	49,735	25,180	24,555	10	5	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	0	0	0	24,675	12,010	12,665	5	0	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	5	5	5	5	25,055	13,170	11,890	10	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	65	35	30	60	30	30	654,755	337,220	317,530	325	170	155

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...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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