Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

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	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	483	...	...	456	...	...	4,262,635	...	...	1,488	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4,067,175	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.8	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	169	...	...	165	...	...	1,772,670	...	...	806	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	168	...	...	163	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	767	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	793.8	...	...	1,981.7	...	...	6.7	...	...	944.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.61	...	...	0.23	...	...	634,658.27	...	...	1.57	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	485	255	230	455	230	230	4,262,635	2,127,935	2,134,700	1,490	690	795
0 to 14 years	90	55	35	90	45	40	809,640	415,870	393,770	155	75	75
0 to 4 years	20	10	10	35	25	15	250,250	128,560	121,690	45	25	25
5 to 9 years	40	25	15	35	15	15	278,810	142,850	135,955	50	20	25
10 to 14 years	30	20	10	20	10	10	280,585	144,460	136,120	55	35	25
15 to 64 years	280	140	140	325	160	165	2,823,770	1,416,910	1,406,865	1,030	485	550
15 to 19 years	35	15	20	30	15	15	249,765	128,745	121,015	60	30	35
20 to 24 years	30	15	15	25	20	10	248,740	128,595	120,150	90	55	35
25 to 29 years	15	10	0	30	15	15	275,465	138,510	136,955	80	35	45
30 to 34 years	5	0	0	35	10	25	323,260	160,175	163,085	75	35	40
35 to 39 years	25	10	15	40	25	15	338,945	168,390	170,560	105	55	50
40 to 44 years	40	20	15	25	10	15	307,665	153,715	153,955	105	40	65
45 to 49 years	30	15	20	30	15	15	277,770	139,705	138,065	95	40	60
50 to 54 years	30	15	15	25	10	15	262,770	131,650	131,120	135	60	70
55 to 59 years	25	5	15	35	15	20	274,150	135,825	138,325	160	75	85
60 to 64 years	45	20	25	55	25	30	265,240	131,600	133,640	130	55	70
65 years and over	115	60	50	40	20	20	629,220	295,155	334,070	300	130	170
65 to 69 years	45	25	20	20	15	10	217,270	106,975	110,295	115	50	65
70 to 74 years	30	15	15	10	5	5	163,890	79,150	84,735	85	40	45
75 to 79 years	15	5	5	5	0	0	105,520	49,860	55,660	55	25	35
80 to 84 years	20	15	5	5	0	5	70,160	31,510	38,650	30	15	15
85 years and over	5	5	5	0	0	0	72,375	27,660	44,720	15	0	10
85 to 89 years	5	5	0	0	0	0	44,670	18,540	26,130	5	0	10
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	0	0	0	21,430	7,545	13,890	5	0	5
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,480	1,405	4,075	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	170	625	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.6	21.6	15.2	19.8	19.6	17.4	19.0	19.5	18.4	10.4	10.9	9.4
15 to 64 years	57.7	54.9	60.9	71.4	69.6	71.7	66.2	66.6	65.9	69.1	70.3	69.2
65 years and over	23.7	23.5	21.7	8.8	8.7	8.7	14.8	13.9	15.6	20.1	18.8	21.4
85 years and over	1.0	2.0	2.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.7	1.3	2.1	1.0	0.0	1.3
Average age of the population	43.3	41.8	45.0	37.8	36.6	39.2	39.0	38.4	39.7	45.9	44.8	46.9
Median age of the population	45.2	44.0	47.6	37.2	36.4	39.2	38.4	37.6	38.8	49.2	47.6	50.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	170	...	...	165	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	765	...	...
Single-detached house	170	...	...	155	...	...	994,565	...	...	195	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	5	...	...	98,740	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	127,735	...	...	40	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	0	...	...	43,730	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	247,030	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	74,880	...	...	530	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,215	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	45,325	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	165	...	...	160	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	770	...	...
1 person	20	...	...	20	...	...	424,055	...	...	325	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	55	...	...	551,420	...	...	275	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	35	...	...	249,135	...	...	75	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	35	...	...	243,400	...	...	65	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	15	...	...	165,215	...	...	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	485	255	230	455	230	230	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	1,490	690	800
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	395	200	195	370	185	185	3,452,995	1,712,065	1,740,925	1,335	615	725
Married or living common-law	275	135	135	220	110	110	2,033,945	1,018,425	1,015,520	760	380	385
Married	265	130	130	195	95	95	1,703,285	852,950	850,335	635	310	320
Living common-law	10	5	5	30	15	15	330,655	165,475	165,180	125	65	65
Living common law - Never married	0	0	0	20	15	10	245,650	123,625	122,030	90	45	45
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,835	6,745	6,090	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	10	5	0	65,955	32,580	33,375	35	15	20
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,210	2,520	3,690	5	5	0
Not married and not living common-law	120	65	55	145	70	70	1,419,050	693,640	725,410	570	235	335
Not married and not living common law - Never married	90	50	35	95	55	40	969,780	535,715	434,065	325	155	165
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	0	0	15	5	5	83,350	36,440	46,910	30	15	20
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	10	5	10	25	10	15	214,460	87,950	126,505	155	60	100
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	5	10	10	0	10	151,455	33,530	117,925	55	5	55
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	145	...	...	140	...	...	1,164,655	...	...	420	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	55	...	...	565,900	...	...	270	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	40	...	...	240,980	...	...	75	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	30	...	...	238,600	...	...	60	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	10	...	...	119,170	...	...	20	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	145	...	...	135	...	...	1,164,650	...	...	425	...	...
Total couple families	140	...	...	110	...	...	987,465	...	...	370	...	...
Married couples	135	...	...	100	...	...	822,175	...	...	305	...	...
With children⁶	75	...	...	65	...	...	464,975	...	...	135	...	...
Without children	60	...	...	35	...	...	357,200	...	...	170	...	...
Common-law couples	5	...	...	15	...	...	165,290	...	...	65	...	...
With children⁶	0	...	...	5	...	...	60,705	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	0	...	...	10	...	...	104,580	...	...	55	...	...
Total one-parent families	10	...	...	25	...	...	177,190	...	...	55	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5	...	...	20	...	...	135,065	...	...	40	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	0	...	...	10	...	...	42,125	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	485	260	225	455	230	225	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	1,490	690	800
Total - Persons in census families	450	240	215	410	215	195	3,456,645	1,720,145	1,736,505	1,100	540	560
Married spouses or common-law partners	275	135	135	225	115	115	1,974,930	986,995	987,935	740	370	370
Parents in one-parent families	10	5	5	25	10	15	177,185	42,120	135,060	50	10	45
Children⁶	165	95	70	160	95	70	1,304,525	691,020	613,500	310	165	145
In a two-parent family	155	90	60	125	70	55	1,022,235	538,215	484,020	245	135	115
In a one-parent family	15	10	5	35	25	15	282,290	152,810	129,485	60	30	30
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	35	15	15	40	15	30	721,070	368,045	353,030	385	145	240
Living alone	15	10	10	25	10	15	424,055	207,075	216,980	330	125	205
Living with other relatives⁷	0	5	0	10	0	10	108,100	49,205	58,900	15	5	10
Living with non-relatives only	10	5	5	10	5	5	188,915	111,760	77,155	45	15	30
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	170	...	...	160	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	770	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	140	...	...	125	...	...	1,008,210	...	...	395	...	...
Couple-family households	130	...	...	105	...	...	876,085	...	...	350	...	...
With children⁶	75	...	...	60	...	...	465,405	...	...	135	...	...
Without children	60	...	...	40	...	...	410,680	...	...	215	...	...
One-parent-family households	5	...	...	20	...	...	132,125	...	...	50	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	5	...	...	47,450	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	0	...	...	5	...	...	60,780	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	5	...	...	82,150	...	...	20	...	...
One-person households	15	...	...	20	...	...	424,055	...	...	330	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	395	205	190	365	180	185	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	1,335	610	720
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	375	195	180	345	170	175	3,213,495	1,597,075	1,616,420	1,305	605	700
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	66,500	82,000	53,600	48,800	57,200	39,200	44,800	53,200	38,400	52,000	64,500	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	375	195	180	345	170	175	3,215,290	1,598,045	1,617,250	1,305	605	700
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,600	67,500	44,000	42,000	49,600	35,600	40,400	46,800	35,200	45,600	55,200	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	360	190	170	325	165	160	2,899,265	1,472,130	1,427,140	1,230	575	655
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,200	76,500	42,000	46,400	56,000	32,000	40,000	50,400	31,200	46,800	58,000	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	260	145	115	280	140	145	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	925	450	480
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	47,200	42,000	49,600	58,800	35,200	41,600	51,600	33,600	48,800	57,200	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	315	170	150	305	150	160	2,818,115	1,377,385	1,440,730	1,115	515	595
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,300	7,300	7,050	6,080	3,880	7,600	8,300	6,120	9,700	6,200	3,960	7,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20	15	10	35	15	20	373,185	184,280	188,900	90	50	40
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,360	x	x	5,400	x	5,840	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,080	6,000	4,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75	45	35	95	45	45	978,925	473,610	505,320	340	140	200
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	10,000	8,000	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	9,000	8,700	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	385	205	185	390	205	180	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	1,360	620	740
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	380	200	180	370	200	170	3,212,650	1,596,250	1,616,400	1,320	610	715
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	124,800	147,000	100,000	48,400	57,200	38,000	60,850	72,700	49,160	104,800	149,000	67,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	380	200	180	370	200	170	3,214,490	1,597,255	1,617,235	1,320	610	715
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	87,200	101,000	72,000	41,400	48,800	32,800	50,200	58,400	42,120	77,100	104,800	53,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	370	195	175	340	185	155	2,900,200	1,472,350	1,427,850	1,265	580	690
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	118,800	140,000	95,000	44,600	54,800	32,000	57,300	70,100	44,040	101,200	150,000	60,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	260	145	120	260	145	125	2,426,940	1,262,995	1,163,950	880	415	460
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	91,000	98,000	84,000	50,000	60,000	37,500	56,350	67,800	43,920	109,200	161,000	62,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	320	170	145	345	195	155	2,817,280	1,376,575	1,440,710	1,095	510	585
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100	10,500	9,600	8,240	6,900	10,000	10,440	9,300	11,520	9,700	8,840	10,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20	0	0	40	0	20	371,975	183,715	188,265	80	45	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	...	...	3,400	...	5,600	7,090	6,720	7,450	5,000	5,800	4,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100	70	30	120	60	60	972,130	470,475	501,650	350	135	215
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400	9,200	10,000	9,000	10,400	7,800	9,170	9,030	9,290	9,960	9,400	10,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	390	205	185	390	210	185	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	1,355	615	740
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	85	30	55	110	75	40	1,120,075	641,305	478,775	385	220	160
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	105,000	220,000	103,000	70,000	77,500	63,200	70,500	78,500	62,000	107,000	108,000	95,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	208,000	300,000	152,000	76,000	80,000	68,000	85,200	96,300	70,400	159,500	184,000	126,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	130	75	50	100	45	60	993,770	466,385	527,385	380	140	235
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400	24,400	5,960	25,600	37,200	25,600	21,600	26,200	18,400	23,200	29,600	19,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,000	42,000	21,000	29,600	37,000	24,000	34,280	42,280	27,160	85,600	180,000	29,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	93.0	94.0	92.0	84.0	88.0	76.0	85.0	89.0	79.2	92.4	95.0	87.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	50.0	48.0	56.0	73.0	74.0	72.0	70.0	73.8	64.4	69.2	74.0	60.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	6.8	6.3	7.6	15.8	11.6	23.0	15.0	11.0	20.9	7.7	5.0	12.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.3	x	x	0.8	x	2.0	1.4	1.1	1.8	0.3	0.3	0.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.1	2.2	2.0	6.8	5.8	8.8	5.1	4.0	6.7	2.7	1.5	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.0	2.0	1.8	6.2	5.2	7.6	4.6	3.7	5.9	2.5	1.4	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	395	200	195	370	180	185	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	1,335	615	725
Without total income	20	5	15	20	5	10	161,620	78,885	82,730	35	10	20
With total income	370	195	180	350	175	175	3,213,490	1,597,075	1,616,415	1,300	600	700
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	15	25	20	5	15	271,260	111,180	160,085	115	45	75
$10,000 to $19,999	30	10	15	30	15	15	307,390	122,515	184,880	135	55	80
$20,000 to $29,999	40	20	20	55	20	35	483,175	210,085	273,090	150	60	95
$30,000 to $39,999	25	10	20	40	15	25	384,115	161,270	222,840	120	45	70
$40,000 to $49,999	15	10	10	30	15	15	332,120	148,870	183,245	120	45	70
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	10	35	15	15	277,960	132,620	145,340	75	35	40
$60,000 to $69,999	20	5	15	30	15	20	232,840	119,260	113,580	95	40	60
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	15	15	15	5	187,305	105,100	82,205	75	35	40
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	15	10	5	146,920	87,190	59,725	60	35	25
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	5	15	10	5	124,520	73,960	50,560	50	20	30
$100,000 and over	125	85	40	45	30	15	465,885	325,025	140,860	305	190	115
$100,000 to $149,999	40	25	15	40	25	15	291,955	191,190	100,765	150	80	70
$150,000 and over	85	60	20	5	10	0	173,935	133,835	40,100	155	110	45
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	395	200	195	370	180	185	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	1,335	615	725
Without after-tax income	20	5	15	20	5	10	159,820	77,915	81,900	35	10	20
With after-tax income	370	195	180	350	175	175	3,215,295	1,598,045	1,617,245	1,300	600	700
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	15	25	25	5	15	282,760	115,430	167,325	135	50	90
$10,000 to $19,999	35	10	20	30	15	15	320,525	128,425	192,100	130	55	75
$20,000 to $29,999	45	20	25	70	25	45	545,450	237,370	308,080	165	65	100
$30,000 to $39,999	25	15	10	40	15	20	449,440	194,945	254,500	145	60	85
$40,000 to $49,999	25	15	15	45	20	25	388,170	182,160	206,010	130	60	75
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	15	45	20	20	314,650	160,140	154,510	110	45	65
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	10	20	15	5	240,015	135,075	104,940	90	40	50
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	25	15	10	178,580	106,080	72,495	80	40	40
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	10	20	10	10	138,170	82,415	55,755	50	25	30
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	5	10	10	5	92,045	59,450	32,595	45	25	20
$100,000 and over	100	70	30	25	20	5	265,490	196,560	68,930	215	145	75
$100,000 to $124,999	30	15	10	20	15	5	121,505	85,805	35,705	85	50	35
$125,000 and over	75	50	20	5	5	0	143,985	110,760	33,225	135	95	40
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	395	200	195	370	180	185	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	1,335	615	725
Without employment income	135	55	80	85	40	45	948,210	413,405	534,805	410	165	245
With employment income	260	140	120	285	140	140	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	930	445	480
Under $5,000 (including loss)	50	25	25	35	15	20	305,715	142,525	163,185	130	55	75
$5,000 to $9,999	20	10	15	20	10	10	186,575	78,780	107,795	70	35	35
$10,000 to $19,999	20	10	5	25	10	15	270,795	116,950	153,845	85	30	55
$20,000 to $29,999	25	15	10	25	10	20	212,530	93,955	118,575	65	35	30
$30,000 to $39,999	10	5	0	20	5	10	202,095	92,015	110,080	70	30	35
$40,000 to $49,999	15	5	5	15	10	10	193,315	92,690	100,625	60	25	30
$50,000 to $59,999	10	0	5	30	15	15	181,745	89,815	91,930	50	25	25
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	10	25	15	15	161,830	85,450	76,375	55	15	35
$70,000 to $79,999	10	0	5	15	10	5	133,940	78,540	55,400	45	15	30
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	0	10	10	5	110,580	67,335	43,240	50	30	15
$90,000 to $99,999	10	0	5	15	10	5	101,430	59,855	41,575	40	15	25
$100,000 and over	80	55	30	40	30	15	366,350	264,635	101,720	220	140	80
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	10	20	15	5	158,925	103,055	55,870	60	35	25
$125,000 and over	60	45	15	20	15	10	207,430	161,580	45,850	160	105	55
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	395	205	190	365	180	185	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	1,335	610	720
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	365	190	175	345	170	175	3,147,180	1,561,420	1,585,760	1,270	590	680
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,500	87,000	52,800	48,000	56,000	39,600	44,400	54,800	36,400	55,600	69,000	48,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	365	190	175	345	170	175	3,148,375	1,561,645	1,586,735	1,270	590	680
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,000	70,000	43,200	43,600	48,400	36,800	39,600	47,600	33,600	49,200	58,800	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	350	185	165	320	165	155	2,869,935	1,456,690	1,413,250	1,220	570	650
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,200	84,000	45,600	46,400	52,800	39,200	43,200	54,000	34,400	54,000	68,000	46,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	260	145	115	275	145	135	2,438,175	1,267,255	1,170,925	945	455	480
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	57,600	46,800	47,600	52,800	46,000	44,400	55,200	36,000	53,600	68,000	47,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	290	155	130	295	140	150	2,675,790	1,312,270	1,363,520	1,050	490	560
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,100	1,010	3,920	1,530	980	3,520	1,620	1,010	4,080	970	900	1,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15	5	5	30	15	15	245,140	118,390	126,750	45	20	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	11,900	x	x	6,240	5,640	7,050	5,680	6,850	4,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	385	205	185	390	205	180	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	1,360	620	740
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	370	195	175	365	205	165	3,146,890	1,560,995	1,585,890	1,290	595	695
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	114,000	132,000	93,000	44,800	52,000	36,000	60,750	74,200	47,560	109,300	154,500	70,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	370	195	175	365	205	165	3,147,975	1,561,230	1,586,750	1,290	595	695
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	79,200	94,000	62,400	38,200	43,600	31,600	49,720	59,050	40,520	79,100	107,200	55,100
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	360	190	175	340	195	145	2,871,550	1,456,805	1,414,740	1,235	575	665
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	109,600	129,000	88,000	43,200	50,000	34,000	60,350	74,400	45,840	109,000	155,500	68,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	270	150	115	270	155	115	2,438,445	1,267,615	1,170,835	925	455	475
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	102,000	116,000	84,000	46,400	51,000	40,000	59,450	72,000	45,800	107,600	146,500	70,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	290	165	125	330	185	150	2,676,295	1,312,765	1,363,530	1,050	490	560
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800	6,040	7,800	5,360	4,000	7,000	6,720	5,635	7,770	5,740	5,060	6,340
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	0	0	0	40	0	25	244,330	117,410	126,920	35	0	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	...	...	...	12,000	...	13,000	7,990	7,020	8,900	6,800	...	8,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	390	205	185	390	210	185	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	1,355	615	740
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	90	35	55	110	75	40	1,111,760	636,785	474,975	385	215	170
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	111,000	212,000	83,000	68,500	73,500	50,800	68,500	77,500	58,800	102,000	104,000	95,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	200,000	300,000	132,000	68,000	76,000	56,000	83,800	95,700	67,800	141,000	148,000	133,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	120	75	45	100	50	50	941,295	443,225	498,070	370	135	235
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,200	27,200	25,800	23,600	11,100	35,200	30,000	37,200	25,400	30,000	37,600	27,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	54,000	66,000	34,000	31,200	25,000	38,000	43,280	54,050	33,720	88,000	180,000	34,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	95.0	96.0	94.0	89.0	92.0	84.0	90.6	93.6	86.0	95.6	97.0	92.8
Employment income (%)	65.0	68.0	60.0	77.0	78.0	76.0	75.8	78.8	71.0	70.8	72.5	68.0
Government transfers (%)	4.6	3.9	5.8	10.8	7.0	17.5	9.4	6.4	14.0	4.3	2.7	7.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	x	2.8	x	5.0	1.0	0.7	1.5	0.2	x	0.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	165	...	...	160	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	770	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	184,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15	...	...	20	...	...	424,055	...	...	330	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	34,800	...	...	48,000	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	30,800	...	...	42,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	150	...	...	140	...	...	1,209,165	...	...	435	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	202,000	...	...	127,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...	111,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	160	...	...	170	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	780	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	288,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	119,700	...	...	178,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	202,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	98,800	...	...	131,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	15	...	...	424,120	...	...	320	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	220,000	...	...	32,000	...	...	62,050	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	28,000	...	...	51,400	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	145	...	...	155	...	...	1,209,100	...	...	460	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	300,000	...	...	114,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	247,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	212,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	115,500	...	...	178,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	165	...	...	165	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	770	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	16,810	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	8,310	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	12,525	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	17,725	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	49,050	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	52,025	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	41,490	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	48,190	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	52,710	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	51,200	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	104,130	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	106,340	...	...	65	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	104,230	...	...	50	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	98,820	...	...	65	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	93,990	...	...	40	...	...
$100,000 and over	130	...	...	90	...	...	775,675	...	...	340	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	204,960	...	...	65	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	156,945	...	...	75	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	200,675	...	...	70	...	...
$200,000 and over	80	...	...	20	...	...	213,100	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	165	...	...	165	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	770	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,920	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	8,620	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	12,950	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,925	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	52,455	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	58,000	...	...	25	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	48,620	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	56,195	...	...	35	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	62,115	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	60,880	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	126,900	...	...	70	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	127,780	...	...	70	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	122,795	...	...	70	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	117,335	...	...	40	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	106,445	...	...	35	...	...
$100,000 and over	120	...	...	80	...	...	634,290	...	...	285	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	214,810	...	...	100	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	149,640	...	...	45	...	...
$150,000 and over	85	...	...	30	...	...	269,845	...	...	145	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	145	...	...	135	...	...	1,150,150	...	...	420	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	200,000	...	...	127,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	40	...	...	423,245	...	...	215	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	158,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	80	...	...	70	...	...	527,475	...	...	145	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	276,000	...	...	148,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	220,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	218,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	172,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10	...	...	20	...	...	162,425	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	76,500	...	...	72,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	69,500	...	...	66,000	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	30	20	15	35	15	20	612,970	318,840	294,130	370	140	235
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	67,000	x	x	40,000	x	x	43,600	46,400	40,800	63,600	66,000	62,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,400	x	x	37,600	x	x	39,200	41,200	37,200	54,400	56,800	54,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	135	...	...	145	...	...	1,149,555	...	...	440	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	300,000	...	...	114,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	252,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	212,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	115,100	...	...	181,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	70	...	...	50	...	...	423,255	...	...	260	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	128,400	...	...	210,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	78,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	55	...	...	528,270	...	...	135	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	480,000	...	...	148,000	...	...	167,000	...	...	395,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	330,000	...	...	128,000	...	...	136,200	...	...	284,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	30	...	...	161,495	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	90,000	...	...	85,100	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	80,000	...	...	74,800	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	30	15	15	40	20	20	612,950	318,115	294,835	355	120	235
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	170,000	100,000	240,000	36,000	45,000	24,000	56,550	60,100	52,750	75,600	82,000	72,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	100,000	80,000	120,000	30,000	40,000	18,000	47,360	49,600	44,960	61,000	66,000	58,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	485	255	230	460	230	225	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,535	1,490	690	795
0 to 17 years	110	65	45	105	55	50	953,865	490,345	463,520	185	90	90
0 to 5 years	25	15	10	45	25	20	302,980	155,160	147,820	55	25	30
18 to 64 years	260	130	130	310	155	160	2,638,940	1,317,995	1,320,945	1,005	465	540
65 years and over	115	60	50	40	20	20	584,915	279,845	305,065	300	130	170
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10	10	5	20	10	10	382,820	182,970	199,855	145	65	85
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	10	5	5	107,130	54,765	52,370	15	10	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	5	5	0	36,250	18,465	17,790	5	5	5
18 to 64 years	10	5	5	10	5	5	213,795	103,030	110,765	95	40	55
65 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	5	61,890	25,180	36,720	30	10	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	2.4	3.0	x	5.2	5.0	5.0	9.2	8.8	9.6	9.8	9.2	10.6
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	8.0	10.0	x	11.2	11.2	11.3	10.0	10.0	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	12.0	11.9	12.0	12.0	16.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	5.0	x	3.6	3.0	4.0	8.1	7.8	8.4	9.8	9.6	10.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	10.0	x	x	10.6	9.0	12.0	10.0	8.0	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	485	260	225	455	230	225	4,132,995	2,065,555	2,067,435	1,490	690	800
0 to 17 years	105	65	45	100	55	45	936,965	481,700	455,265	180	95	90
0 to 5 years	25	10	15	45	30	20	298,005	152,625	145,380	50	25	25
18 to 64 years	265	130	135	310	150	160	2,614,300	1,305,610	1,308,690	1,000	465	535
65 years and over	110	60	55	45	20	20	581,730	278,250	303,475	305	135	170
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	15	5	5	15	10	5	187,885	96,630	91,255	100	45	55
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	5	5	0	43,110	21,925	21,180	15	10	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	5	5	0	13,945	7,045	6,900	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	10	5	5	10	5	5	130,620	68,100	62,525	75	35	40
65 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,155	6,605	7,550	10	0	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.5	x	3.2	4.0	2.0	4.6	4.7	4.4	6.7	6.4	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.7	8.0	10.0	6.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	4.7	4.6	4.8	10.0	16.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	5.0	x	2.5	x	3.0	5.0	5.2	4.8	7.4	6.8	7.8
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	2.4	2.4	2.5	3.6	x	5.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	485	255	230	455	230	230	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	1,490	690	795
In bottom half of the distribution	65	35	30	160	80	80	1,894,410	924,245	970,165	505	215	290
In bottom decile	10	10	0	15	10	10	345,410	172,330	173,080	130	55	75
In second decile	10	0	10	25	10	15	385,215	179,975	205,240	100	40	60
In third decile	0	0	0	35	15	20	380,170	184,770	195,400	105	40	60
In fourth decile	20	15	10	45	25	20	386,560	190,330	196,235	95	40	50
In fifth decile	20	10	5	40	20	20	397,055	196,830	200,215	80	35	45
In top half of the distribution	420	220	200	295	150	145	2,283,310	1,163,940	1,119,365	985	475	510
In sixth decile	25	10	15	45	15	25	406,615	204,040	202,575	135	55	80
In seventh decile	25	15	15	80	45	40	420,810	212,460	208,350	105	55	55
In eighth decile	35	20	20	45	25	20	440,225	223,690	216,535	125	55	70
In ninth decile	90	50	35	80	35	40	470,850	240,765	230,085	180	85	90
In top decile	245	125	125	45	25	20	544,810	282,985	261,825	440	220	220
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	485	...	...	455	...	...	4,177,720	...	...	1,490	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.382	...	...	0.250	...	...	0.350	...	...	0.494	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.420	...	...	0.322	...	...	0.450	...	...	0.556	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.316	...	...	0.225	...	...	0.307	...	...	0.435	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.9	...	...	6.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	485	260	225	455	230	225	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	1,490	690	800
English only	415	220	195	425	215	205	3,894,690	1,960,785	1,933,905	1,345	625	720
French only	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,105	1,330	1,780	0	0	0
English and French	70	35	30	30	10	15	258,330	119,725	138,605	120	55	70
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	5	5	5	65,705	26,945	38,760	20	10	10
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	485	260	225	455	230	225	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	1,490	690	800
English	460	245	220	435	225	215	4,078,135	2,042,220	2,035,915	1,440	670	775
French	10	10	5	10	5	5	64,440	32,960	31,485	20	10	10
English and French	5	0	0	0	0	0	15,525	7,680	7,840	5	0	5
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	5	5	5	63,735	25,925	37,810	15	10	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	485	260	225	455	230	225	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	1,490	690	800
Single responses	475	250	225	445	225	220	4,055,375	2,028,210	2,027,165	1,440	665	775
Official languages	425	225	195	415	210	205	3,148,690	1,591,780	1,556,910	1,105	520	580
English	415	220	190	400	205	200	3,083,840	1,558,570	1,525,265	1,080	510	565
French	15	10	5	10	5	5	64,855	33,210	31,645	25	15	15
Non-official languages	50	20	25	30	15	15	906,680	436,430	470,250	335	140	190
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,200	8,165	9,035	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,155	7,265	7,890	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,160	1,315	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,370	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,365	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	705	890	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	650	655	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,255	4,495	4,760	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	180	205	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	610	735	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	605	725	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	495	585	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	40	100	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	35	80	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	205	235	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	180	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	20	25	30	15	15	889,485	428,270	461,215	335	140	190
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	82,270	42,330	39,935	5	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	185	150	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	60	30	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,995	7,485	7,515	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	345	300	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,485	1,780	1,705	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,750	5,280	5,470	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,720	34,555	32,165	5	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,165	3,925	4,245	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,425	24,385	22,045	5	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	405	430	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	225	220	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	110	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	455	425	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,065	5,210	4,855	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	50	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	25,655	11,520	14,135	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	800	975	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0	0	0	23,705	10,615	13,090	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	100	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5	131,755	58,110	73,640	20	5	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	235	295	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	985	1,285	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,210	2,300	2,910	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,370	1,005	1,370	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,440	3,325	4,110	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	510	765	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	155	220	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	90	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	620	650	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	235	280	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	108,395	47,810	60,590	15	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	195	225	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	605	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,745	875	875	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	140	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	215	210	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,170	8,845	8,330	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	295	295	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,785	4,450	4,330	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,950	2,610	2,340	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,715	1,425	1,295	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	90	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	5	10	15	10	10	454,815	224,310	230,505	200	80	120
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,250	1,100	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	70,185	32,420	37,760	80	25	50
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	405	475	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	165	205	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	240	275	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	69,305	32,020	37,285	80	25	55
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	640	660	0	0	5
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,700	1,265	1,435	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	185	185	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,540	8,130	9,410	15	5	10
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,735	7,850	9,890	30	15	25
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,085	5,270	10	5	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,860	905	960	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,260	2,105	2,155	5	0	5
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	1,975	2,065	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	90	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	910	950	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	245	305	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,750	7,630	9,125	10	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	130	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	45	25	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	75	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	5	5	0	93,145	45,830	47,320	30	15	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	5	0	5	0	60,990	29,660	31,325	25	10	10
German	5	0	5	0	5	0	59,835	29,055	30,775	20	10	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	550	495	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,670	14,425	14,245	5	0	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,150	1,555	1,595	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,140	6,605	6,535	5	0	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,545	1,510	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,815	4,455	4,355	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	120	125	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,540	1,615	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	945	910	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	245	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	310	370	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,430	1,385	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	197,415	100,095	97,320	45	25	25
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	176,130	89,315	86,820	15	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,735	3,900	3,835	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,330	7,920	7,415	5	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,815	9,525	9,285	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	720	905	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	170	180	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,910	970	935	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,900	3,035	2,865	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	90	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,070	46,205	44,870	5	0	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	345	340	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,700	1,380	1,325	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,635	14,425	14,210	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	495	445	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,225	10,750	10,470	35	15	20
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	1,035	975	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,960	1,505	1,460	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,065	8,115	7,955	35	15	20
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,490	2,515	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,030	4,585	4,445	25	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	1,040	995	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	88,045	42,845	45,205	40	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	45	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,505	4,745	4,755	5	5	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,910	4,750	5,165	5	5	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,425	3,635	3,790	5	0	5
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,090	29,655	31,435	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,575	1,550	3,025	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5	0	5	19,240	8,935	10,305	35	15	20
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	255	310	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,500	8,265	8,235	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	855	800	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	115	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	95	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	725	650	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	550	585	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	100	95	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	190	205	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	305	350	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	530	580	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	50	100	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,455	1,165	1,290	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	145	115	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,205	1,710	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,090	1,170	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,275	1,175	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	575	470	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	290	335	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	340	310	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	370	330	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	10	5	5	118,025	54,995	63,030	65	30	30
Chinese languages	25	10	10	10	5	5	115,870	53,935	61,940	65	30	30
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	405	470	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	5	5	54,135	25,165	28,970	35	15	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,400	1,040	1,360	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	215	225	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15	0	0	0	56,280	26,280	30,005	20	15	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	760	845	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,015	1,040	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	205	215	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	365	355	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	290	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	335	335	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,040	1,110	1,935	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	460	490	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	620	1,390	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,335	2,360	1,975	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	235	200	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,290	1,825	1,460	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	130	110	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	75	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,120	2,890	3,230	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	285	415	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,530	2,725	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	80	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	5	0	15	5	5	166,455	80,575	85,890	50	25	20
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,600	8,520	9,085	10	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	5	5	131,195	63,735	67,465	40	20	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,125	1,535	1,590	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,160	1,270	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,105	5,625	6,480	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	485	260	225	455	230	225	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	1,490	690	800
English	415	220	195	410	210	200	3,183,975	1,606,395	1,577,580	1,165	550	615
French	10	5	5	0	0	0	15,490	7,660	7,835	10	5	0
Non-official language	10	5	10	10	5	5	272,985	131,515	141,475	80	35	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,700	1,890	1,805	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	5	10	10	5	5	269,280	129,620	139,665	80	35	40
English and French	10	5	5	5	5	5	41,100	19,580	21,515	15	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	25	15	15	664,935	323,185	341,750	220	95	125
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	725	865	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0	0	0	17,280	8,175	9,105	0	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,475	11,545	12,930	5	0	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	485	260	225	455	230	225	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	1,490	690	800
Single responses	470	250	225	445	225	220	4,054,960	2,027,555	2,027,400	1,445	665	775
Official languages	455	245	210	440	220	220	3,504,300	1,758,870	1,745,425	1,295	605	695
English	445	235	210	430	215	215	3,481,545	1,747,645	1,733,895	1,285	595	690
French	10	10	5	0	0	0	22,755	11,225	11,530	10	5	0
Non-official languages	20	10	10	10	5	5	550,665	268,690	281,975	150	65	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,175	3,615	3,565	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,355	3,210	3,140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	490	475	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	235	240	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	150	145	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,510	2,275	2,230	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	345	340	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	340	340	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	300	290	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	10	10	10	5	5	543,490	265,075	278,415	150	65	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,375	26,290	26,085	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	80	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,170	5,010	5,155	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,580	1,305	1,270	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,425	3,620	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,920	21,120	20,800	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,385	2,635	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,040	14,195	13,840	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	310	325	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	155	160	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	215	200	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,600	3,905	3,700	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	5	5	0	0	0	17,075	7,795	9,285	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	430	545	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	5	5	0	0	0	15,945	7,280	8,670	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	82,190	38,845	43,345	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	595	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,990	1,435	1,555	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	610	680	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,450	2,075	2,375	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	215	220	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	95	120	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	330	370	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,570	32,865	36,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	485	525	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	115	115	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	105	100	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,840	5,985	5,855	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	150	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,270	3,150	3,120	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,790	1,690	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	860	845	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	60	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	5	0	0	0	265,460	131,850	133,610	80	35	45
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	550	490	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	115	125	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,760	13,815	14,945	35	15	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	175	170	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	105	105	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,415	13,640	14,775	35	15	20
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	290	305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	365	400	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,230	3,575	5	0	5
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,885	5,205	5,680	20	10	15
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	2,105	2,265	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,525	740	785	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	990	1,065	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	295	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,080	1,990	2,090	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,925	20,195	20,730	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,275	14,360	14,920	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,025	14,235	14,790	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	5,675	5,630	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	850	870	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	725	800	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,280	1,170	1,115	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,620	2,850	2,770	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	75	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	430	505	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	146,225	73,640	72,580	25	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	132,370	66,780	65,590	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,085	2,505	2,580	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,620	5,435	5,185	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,295	6,225	6,075	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	345	480	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	570	570	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,280	2,200	2,080	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,180	38,085	37,090	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	200	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	790	805	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,080	9,990	10,085	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,835	6,850	6,980	25	10	15
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	655	660	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	960	960	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,495	5,190	5,310	25	10	15
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,990	1,435	1,560	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,150	3,065	3,080	20	5	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	10	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,235	23,055	24,180	15	5	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	915	1,220	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,230	2,355	5	5	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,745	1,775	5	0	5
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,925	18,135	18,790	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	920	1,275	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,510	6,915	7,590	25	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	165	200	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,470	3,055	3,415	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	370	380	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	215	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	255	315	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	160	175	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	195	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	505	595	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	100	80	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	300	375	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	640	625	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	310	245	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	135	145	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,325	765	560	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	610	455	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	150	105	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	10	5	5	81,325	38,350	42,970	35	15	20
Chinese languages	15	10	10	10	5	5	79,775	37,570	42,200	35	15	20
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	125	180	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	5	5	40,005	19,245	20,765	25	15	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	405	575	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	130	140	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	5	0	0	0	37,205	17,195	20,010	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	455	505	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	765	745	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	125	125	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	280	280	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	230	225	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	265	245	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	655	755	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	205	230	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	430	495	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,405	1,285	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	115	120	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,180	1,145	1,035	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	860	945	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	50	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	795	880	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	5	5	5	10	5	5	166,875	81,225	85,650	45	20	20
English and French	5	0	5	0	0	0	8,010	3,875	4,130	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	5	5	5	152,980	74,600	78,375	45	20	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	345	430	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	845	915	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,355	1,560	1,795	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	485	260	225	455	230	225	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	1,490	690	800
None	445	235	210	430	220	210	3,610,710	1,812,855	1,797,850	1,285	605	680
English	5	5	5	0	0	0	224,860	111,370	113,495	65	30	35
French	5	0	0	0	0	0	30,900	14,530	16,375	10	5	5
Non-official language	20	15	10	15	10	10	279,795	133,050	146,750	110	40	65
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,470	4,835	5,630	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	15	10	15	10	10	269,325	128,210	141,115	110	40	65
English and French	0	0	5	0	0	0	2,825	1,370	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,750	17,340	17,410	5	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,875	3,655	4,220	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	295	275	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	29,550	14,325	15,225	10	10	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	445	245	200	450	230	215	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,530	715	815
Official languages	445	245	195	450	230	215	4,113,035	2,061,660	2,051,375	1,500	700	800
English	445	245	195	450	230	215	4,109,720	2,060,230	2,049,495	1,500	700	800
French	70	40	35	0	0	0	260,415	119,860	140,560	95	45	45
Non-official languages	75	45	35	70	45	25	1,215,795	587,465	628,325	420	225	200
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,910	15,640	17,275	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,220	13,945	15,275	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,605	3,085	3,515	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,000	10,590	11,410	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,980	10,585	11,395	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	90	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,265	1,840	2,425	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,060	1,100	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,405	7,600	7,800	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	480	570	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	470	555	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	290	345	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,510	1,145	1,365	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,490	1,140	1,350	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,760	840	920	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	165	230	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	120	165	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	45	80	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	55	100	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	10	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	580	580	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	105	95	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	455	430	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	35	65	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	75	45	35	70	45	25	1,183,510	572,060	611,450	420	225	200
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	123,440	63,820	59,620	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	370	260	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	135	45	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	40	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	500	345	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	470	335	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,915	10,520	10,385	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	415	385	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,390	2,775	2,610	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,865	7,395	7,475	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,580	54,910	50,670	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,775	8,070	7,700	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,760	40,430	36,335	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,125	625	495	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	255	190	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	125	105	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,710	1,935	1,770	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,380	7,855	7,515	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	285	130	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,940	16,645	19,295	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,275	1,410	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,020	15,240	17,785	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	225	165	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	181,630	80,370	101,260	30	10	20
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	605	535	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,285	1,720	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,560	3,850	4,710	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	165	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,750	1,590	2,160	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,710	5,825	7,885	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,045	1,355	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	230	380	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	95	80	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	805	900	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,210	1,465	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	560	660	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	172,625	76,255	96,375	30	10	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	460	550	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,045	2,295	2,750	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,360	2,730	2,630	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	765	670	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	210	275	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	260	270	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	25	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	670	585	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	580	580	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,790	13,240	12,545	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,785	915	870	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,090	6,195	5,890	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,105	5,340	4,760	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,040	2,575	2,465	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	15	10	60	40	20	607,625	300,360	307,265	210	110	105
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,730	1,405	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	440	355	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0	88,305	41,660	46,640	75	35	40
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	425	545	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	130	195	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	300	350	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0	87,775	41,425	46,350	75	35	40
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	165	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	800	880	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,880	1,930	1,950	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	295	345	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,385	10,655	11,730	15	0	15
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,760	14,030	15,725	40	20	20
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,860	6,820	7,035	15	10	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,470	1,675	1,795	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,440	3,510	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,415	3,155	3,260	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,540	1,165	1,375	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	335	440	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,340	10,625	12,715	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	30	20	10	107,065	53,150	53,915	60	35	20
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	175	210	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	66,405	33,105	33,300	55	30	20
German	0	0	0	10	0	0	65,370	32,550	32,820	50	25	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,585	785	800	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	135	85	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,720	19,390	19,320	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,005	2,935	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,170	8,515	8,655	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,055	2,030	2,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	150	140	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,395	5,810	5,590	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	180	195	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,545	2,760	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,525	1,295	1,225	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	45	85	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	555	680	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	760	855	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,645	2,365	2,280	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	266,095	135,440	130,660	35	15	20
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	242,500	123,495	119,005	20	10	15
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,675	5,385	5,285	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,780	12,630	12,150	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	94,015	48,065	45,945	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,495	1,550	1,945	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	430	425	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,080	1,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,995	3,620	3,370	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	115	135	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	126,385	64,695	61,690	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	755	620	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,950	2,010	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,540	26,420	25,125	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,155	970	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,205	13,830	13,380	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	60	35	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,510	1,335	1,180	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,550	2,335	2,220	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,940	10,630	10,310	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,385	3,640	3,745	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,130	5,755	5,370	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,390	1,320	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	105	100	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	185	130	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	15	15	0	154,035	74,195	79,845	55	25	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,480	9,525	9,960	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,645	7,290	7,355	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,930	4,830	10	0	10
Spanish	0	0	0	15	15	0	116,070	55,430	60,640	45	20	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	270	185	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	135	165	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,925	4,845	6,080	10	10	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,030	10,705	12,325	60	25	30
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	355	435	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,335	20,960	20,375	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,805	1,755	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	400	335	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	270	205	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	265	255	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	350	380	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	205	210	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,685	2,390	2,295	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,010	945	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	790	765	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	180	145	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	465	480	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	675	630	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	1,035	1,130	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	140	180	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,495	5,040	4,455	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	400	330	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,490	5,265	5,220	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,160	3,230	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,615	1,890	1,725	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	740	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	355	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	695	590	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	240	200	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,525	2,455	4,070	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,685	2,100	3,585	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	415	550	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20	0	0	0	144,545	68,355	76,190	110	70	40
Chinese languages	35	15	20	0	0	0	141,465	66,830	74,635	110	70	40
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	630	820	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	82,095	38,175	43,915	100	60	40
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,250	1,825	2,425	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	335	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	20	0	0	0	74,960	35,260	39,700	25	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	860	930	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,035	1,510	1,520	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	450	450	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	555	545	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	485	480	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	435	390	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	135	195	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	75	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,335	1,770	2,565	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	755	760	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,030	1,125	1,905	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	90	130	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	4,015	3,435	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	500	445	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,830	3,285	2,540	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	80	120	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	225	210	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	110	140	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,950	3,810	4,140	10	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	105	135	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	480	540	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,700	3,235	3,465	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	630	505	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	445	245	200	445	230	215	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,530	720	810
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	25	15	0	284,470	137,665	146,800	15	0	15
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	25	15	0	276,060	133,625	142,435	15	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	25	15	0	145,640	70,360	75,285	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	127,470	61,780	65,690	15	0	15
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,945	1,480	1,465	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,785	2,435	2,350	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,610	2,010	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	445	240	200	425	215	215	3,893,245	1,950,565	1,942,685	1,515	720	795
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	445	245	200	445	230	215	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,530	720	810
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	10	10	0	126,530	61,050	65,485	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	445	240	200	435	220	215	4,051,185	2,027,185	2,024,000	1,530	720	810
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	160	...	...	170	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	775	...	...
Owner	155	...	...	155	...	...	1,157,495	...	...	505	...	...
Renter	10	...	...	15	...	...	465,220	...	...	270	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	160	...	...	170	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	775	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	0	...	...	294,875	...	...	605	...	...
Not condominium	160	...	...	165	...	...	1,338,345	...	...	170	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	160	...	...	170	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	775	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	9,160	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	0	...	...	158,300	...	...	145	...	...
2 bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	350,400	...	...	415	...	...
3 bedrooms	30	...	...	100	...	...	566,750	...	...	90	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	135	...	...	70	...	...	548,610	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	160	...	...	170	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	775	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	427,120	...	...	420	...	...
5 rooms	10	...	...	30	...	...	258,680	...	...	105	...	...
6 rooms	10	...	...	15	...	...	235,145	...	...	65	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	40	...	...	206,130	...	...	20	...	...
8 or more rooms	145	...	...	80	...	...	506,150	...	...	170	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	9.7	...	...	7.6	...	...	6.4	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	160	...	...	170	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	775	...	...
One person or fewer per room	160	...	...	170	...	...	1,589,600	...	...	775	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	43,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	160	...	...	170	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	775	...	...
Suitable	160	...	...	170	...	...	1,556,960	...	...	755	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	0	...	...	76,260	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	160	...	...	170	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	775	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	0	...	...	168,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	155	...	...	10	...	...	428,655	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	150	...	...	188,550	...	...	15	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	10	...	...	224,315	...	...	45	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	152,840	...	...	335	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	168,905	...	...	320	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	161,095	...	...	35	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	139,935	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	160	...	...	170	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	775	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	160	...	...	160	...	...	1,543,795	...	...	770	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...	15	...	...	89,420	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	160	...	...	170	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	775	...	...
One-maintainer household	60	...	...	55	...	...	802,915	...	...	440	...	...
Two-maintainer household	90	...	...	100	...	...	745,175	...	...	320	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	10	...	...	85,130	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	160	...	...	170	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	775	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	0	...	...	51,475	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	0	...	...	30	...	...	260,820	...	...	65	...	...
35 to 44 years	30	...	...	25	...	...	341,390	...	...	115	...	...
45 to 54 years	20	...	...	15	...	...	304,080	...	...	145	...	...
55 to 64 years	40	...	...	85	...	...	311,335	...	...	170	...	...
65 to 74 years	55	...	...	15	...	...	222,825	...	...	175	...	...
75 to 84 years	15	...	...	0	...	...	105,505	...	...	70	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	0	...	...	35,775	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	160	...	...	170	...	...	1,588,960	...	...	775	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	145	...	...	150	...	...	1,251,370	...	...	560	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	0	...	...	20	...	...	337,585	...	...	220	...	...
30% to less than 100%	0	...	...	20	...	...	306,355	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	165	...	...	170	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	775	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	35	...	...	463,775	...	...	230	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	15	...	...	20	...	...	304,300	...	...	210	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	0	...	...	58,970	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	15	...	...	61,750	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	11,080	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	21,460	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	5,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	740	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	145	...	...	135	...	...	1,169,450	...	...	545	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	160	...	...	175	...	...	1,557,725	...	...	725	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	0	...	...	154,230	...	...	80	...	...
Not in core need	160	...	...	160	...	...	1,403,495	...	...	645	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	155	...	...	155	...	...	1,131,995	...	...	510	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	32.3	...	...	58.1	...	...	64.2	...	...	58.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	12.9	...	...	16.0	...	...	14.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.6	...	...	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	1,560	...	...	1,600	...	...	1,510	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,640	...	...	1,440	...	...	1,678	...	...	1,820	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	424,000	...	...	400,000	...	...	376,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	420,000	...	...	448,800	...	...	584,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	15	...	...	463,570	...	...	265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	...	...	...	0.0	...	...	9.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	0.0	...	...	34.0	...	...	52.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	...	...	...	0.0	...	...	20.7	...	...	22.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...	1,280	...	...	1,600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,800	...	...	1,332	...	...	1,620	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.5	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	302	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	350	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	445	250	200	450	230	220	4,177,715	2,088,230	2,089,480	1,535	720	810
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	135,650	66,545	69,110	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	131,200	64,375	66,820	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	101,455	49,465	51,990	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,695	14,340	14,355	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	570	480	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,175	2,285	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,090	1,985	2,100	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	90	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	40	25	15	187,365	90,475	96,890	15	0	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	40	25	15	180,640	87,270	93,375	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	30	25	10	102,335	49,695	52,640	10	0	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,055	36,420	39,640	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,720	3,210	3,515	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,150	2,915	3,235	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	130	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	445	250	200	405	205	200	3,854,695	1,931,210	1,923,485	1,510	715	800
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	445	245	200	450	235	215	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,530	720	810
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	440	240	195	445	235	215	3,792,705	1,903,020	1,889,685	1,435	680	755
Canadian citizens aged under 18	70	50	20	70	30	45	900,670	463,925	436,745	190	100	85
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	365	190	175	370	205	170	2,892,035	1,439,095	1,452,945	1,245	575	670
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	385,010	185,215	199,795	100	40	55
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	445	245	200	450	235	215	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,530	720	810
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	365	210	155	375	185	190	3,141,915	1,585,765	1,556,150	1,160	540	625
Immigrants⁸¹	80	40	45	75	50	25	970,970	468,250	502,725	350	170	180
Before 1980	35	20	20	25	20	10	127,275	62,275	65,005	50	25	25
1980 to 1990	25	10	15	0	0	0	91,320	44,550	46,770	35	10	20
1991 to 2000	10	0	0	10	0	0	126,605	60,125	66,480	95	65	30
2001 to 2010	0	0	0	40	25	10	239,260	115,815	123,445	65	25	40
2011 to 2021⁸²	0	0	0	0	0	0	386,510	185,485	201,025	105	35	65
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	0	0	0	193,335	93,675	99,665	75	25	55
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	0	0	0	193,175	91,810	101,360	25	15	15
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,830	34,215	30,610	20	15	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	80	40	40	75	45	25	970,975	468,250	502,725	350	165	180
Under 5 years	10	0	0	10	0	0	85,135	43,645	41,485	15	10	10
5 to 14 years	15	10	10	15	10	0	169,075	87,630	81,440	40	30	10
15 to 24 years	15	10	10	20	20	0	175,855	81,330	94,525	65	20	40
25 to 44 years	35	20	15	20	0	15	450,070	213,555	236,510	175	80	90
45 years and over	0	0	0	10	0	0	90,845	42,090	48,760	55	20	35
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	80	40	40	75	45	25	970,975	468,250	502,725	350	165	180
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	110,855	51,790	59,065	45	25	25
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	1,590	2,210	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,385	4,855	5,535	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,940	3,340	3,600	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,375	1,175	1,205	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	745	625	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,695	4,160	4,530	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,990	8,935	9,055	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	825	1,075	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,360	1,560	1,800	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,540	13,490	17,050	25	15	15
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,500	11,110	12,395	0	0	0
Europe	40	20	15	25	10	15	180,590	90,195	90,395	100	45	50
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,335	2,155	2,185	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,405	1,710	1,700	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	1,330	1,390	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,635	8,000	8,635	10	10	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	855	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,080	1,505	1,580	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,990	3,605	3,380	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,730	6,680	6,050	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,595	7,280	8,315	10	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,895	1,835	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,190	3,585	3,605	10	0	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,470	3,205	4,260	20	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,220	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,050	4,870	15	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	10	10	0	0	56,675	29,555	27,125	15	0	15
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,990	13,535	13,460	20	20	0
Africa	0	0	0	35	25	10	119,295	60,715	58,580	10	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	665	560	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,215	1,640	1,575	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,760	3,660	3,095	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,720	5,230	4,495	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,420	7,085	7,340	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,100	1,035	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,065	10,925	10,145	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,545	4,260	4,285	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,960	4,430	4,535	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,250	21,720	21,530	10	10	0
Asia	35	15	20	0	0	0	549,965	260,520	289,440	190	80	105
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,585	3,235	3,350	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,865	4,625	4,245	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,220	3,225	2,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,960	5,375	4,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,975	5,310	4,665	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,830	1,575	1,260	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	0	0	0	61,390	27,935	33,455	50	25	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	0	0	0	0	18,725	9,090	9,630	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,180	7,545	8,635	55	30	25
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,395	1,415	1,980	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	167,735	74,205	93,530	30	10	25
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,880	12,700	15,180	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,035	3,080	2,960	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	122,150	61,405	60,740	15	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,810	15,690	15,120	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,930	2,490	2,445	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,305	21,615	24,690	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,275	5,030	5,240	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	193,170	91,815	101,360	25	10	15
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,300	8,985	10,320	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	555	810	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	535	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	135	85	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	985	1,145	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,165	2,140	2,025	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,460	2,715	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	525	695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,645	2,070	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,750	7,955	7,795	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	200	200	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	310	445	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	640	425	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	285	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	395	695	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,045	920	1,125	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	2,170	1,630	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,135	3,045	3,090	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,320	16,870	17,450	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	50	105	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	220	230	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	385	520	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	595	595	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,120	2,665	2,450	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,865	2,100	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	215	290	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,840	4,950	4,890	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,960	970	985	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	1,025	930	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	530	605	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	150	105	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,725	2,680	3,040	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	122,360	57,210	65,145	25	10	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,350	655	700	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,495	4,095	5,400	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	330	395	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,815	16,070	15,745	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	665	750	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	625	680	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	365	295	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	50	285	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	235	220	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,440	1,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	455	500	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	670	695	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	1,950	2,130	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,605	21,395	26,215	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	360	325	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	370	365	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,295	3,900	3,400	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	405	440	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	375	315	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,760	580	1,180	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	1,670	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	785	655	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	510	430	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	280	220	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	445	245	200	445	230	215	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,530	715	815
First generation¹⁰⁰	90	40	50	85	60	25	1,074,140	522,255	551,885	385	195	190
Second generation¹⁰¹	85	50	30	60	35	25	777,505	391,285	386,215	285	115	170
Third generation or more¹⁰²	270	155	120	305	135	165	2,326,075	1,174,690	1,151,385	860	410	445
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	45	15	25	45	30	15	843,700	405,975	437,720	300	145	155
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	30	10	15	25	20	0	471,325	236,805	234,520	195	90	110
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10	10	0	0	0	0	192,785	116,035	76,755	80	50	35
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	20	0	15	20	10	0	278,535	120,765	157,765	115	40	75
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10	0	10	15	10	0	240,090	98,410	141,680	75	30	40
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	123,970	66,715	57,255	25	20	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,315	4,050	4,265	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	45	15	25	45	30	15	843,700	405,975	437,720	300	145	155
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,815	17,215	12,595	10	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	10	0	0	0	0	126,640	57,515	69,125	40	15	20
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,340	12,430	11,910	15	10	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,540	25,735	21,805	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,740	1,430	2,305	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	40	15	25	45	30	15	611,625	291,650	319,975	235	110	125
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	445	245	200	445	230	215	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,530	720	810
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	85	35	45	45	35	15	1,161,420	571,535	589,885	295	150	145
South Asian	0	0	0	20	15	0	297,650	152,030	145,620	50	20	25
Chinese	35	15	20	0	0	0	164,235	79,520	84,710	130	85	55
Black	15	0	15	0	0	0	177,940	90,375	87,570	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	216,710	99,540	117,170	15	0	10
Arab	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,505	36,555	32,955	0	0	0
Latin American	0	0	0	10	10	0	66,520	32,115	34,405	10	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,005	25,215	28,790	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,075	12,835	12,240	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,365	11,600	12,770	55	25	30
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,560	6,135	7,425	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,100	5,985	6,120	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,745	19,625	20,120	10	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	360	210	155	400	195	205	3,016,295	1,516,700	1,499,605	1,235	570	665
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	445	245	200	450	235	215	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,530	720	810
Canadian	60	25	30	35	15	25	484,655	251,795	232,860	110	75	35
English	130	85	50	110	45	65	766,070	376,940	389,130	350	185	165
Irish	60	20	40	65	20	45	561,915	270,440	291,470	240	90	145
Scottish	75	25	50	65	25	40	631,015	309,855	321,160	340	155	185
French, n.o.s.¹²²	65	30	35	20	0	15	340,900	167,270	173,635	115	45	65
German	20	15	0	90	50	50	641,025	317,325	323,705	225	105	120
Chinese	30	10	20	0	0	0	177,990	85,545	92,440	135	80	60
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,730	49,855	48,875	30	0	25
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,700	79,060	76,640	35	20	15
Ukrainian	55	30	20	45	15	30	343,640	169,070	174,575	140	50	95
Dutch	45	35	15	0	0	0	174,625	87,015	87,610	40	15	20
Polish	0	0	0	10	0	10	169,925	82,005	87,915	105	40	60
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,380	2,810	2,570	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	25	10	15	55	30	20	124,835	63,065	61,770	65	15	50
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	203,955	94,020	109,935	30	10	25
French Canadian	20	15	0	0	0	0	32,365	15,655	16,710	15	0	15
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	20	10	10	73,475	37,700	35,780	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	25	15	0	73,355	35,940	37,415	10	0	10
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	115,455	55,915	59,535	10	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,790	36,360	34,425	60	40	25
Russian	0	0	0	25	15	0	97,890	46,455	51,435	40	15	25
Norwegian	20	10	10	20	10	0	154,535	74,455	80,085	110	45	65
Welsh	20	10	0	10	10	0	76,810	36,840	39,970	20	15	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,415	10,745	10,680	15	0	10
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,100	32,535	33,560	40	15	25
Spanish	0	0	0	10	0	0	40,165	18,395	21,770	20	10	15
Swedish	10	0	0	10	10	10	92,975	43,950	49,025	30	10	20
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	10	0	51,360	25,175	26,185	20	0	20
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,110	5,175	4,935	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,535	20,140	19,390	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,225	17,015	17,210	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,405	7,195	7,210	25	15	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,585	19,270	18,315	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,395	18,815	20,580	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,860	12,675	11,185	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	13,980	7,290	6,690	10	0	10
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,620	7,845	7,775	10	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,255	15,030	16,225	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	62,465	30,145	32,315	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,170	11,505	12,660	60	30	30
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,530	14,880	16,650	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,480	14,600	13,880	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,380	5,165	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,380	7,135	7,240	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	0	56,190	27,550	28,640	10	0	10
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	10	10	0	26,435	12,745	13,695	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,860	15,005	13,855	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,220	17,895	18,325	20	15	10
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,985	10,715	11,270	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,460	1,255	1,200	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,535	10,485	10,050	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,450	12,870	12,580	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,565	15,825	15,740	10	10	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,450	11,045	11,405	15	0	10
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,705	9,040	9,665	10	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,140	2,600	2,540	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	10	0	0	0	13,720	6,830	6,890	15	0	10
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,605	8,565	10,040	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,945	4,525	4,420	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,305	4,030	4,275	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,800	13,080	12,720	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,420	6,350	6,065	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,585	5,080	4,505	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,105	5,985	6,125	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,160	1,645	1,515	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,720	9,865	9,850	15	15	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	5,380	5,735	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,620	1,375	1,250	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	10	0	0	0	19,730	9,465	10,260	25	15	10
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,520	4,880	4,645	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,370	1,715	1,655	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,380	5,155	5,225	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,570	3,310	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,655	3,760	10	10	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,680	2,280	2,395	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,615	4,495	4,125	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,715	3,340	3,375	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,505	1,655	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,640	2,425	2,215	10	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,595	2,300	2,295	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	3,725	2,945	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,065	1,870	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,525	3,435	3,090	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	680	620	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,000	2,340	2,655	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,600	7,585	7,015	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	930	940	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	0	0	0	0	10,525	5,200	5,320	15	0	10
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,430	3,470	3,965	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,310	8,160	8,150	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,630	1,510	2,120	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,385	2,345	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,055	3,475	3,580	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,445	3,460	3,980	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,800	3,120	2,680	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,735	1,930	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	820	860	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	995	1,220	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,670	2,635	3,035	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	35	25	10	8,400	4,055	4,345	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,395	4,275	4,125	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,365	2,060	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,350	3,765	3,590	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,540	1,815	1,725	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,590	1,280	1,310	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,505	6,620	6,875	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,735	2,690	3,045	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,270	1,395	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,895	4,535	4,360	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,535	2,235	2,295	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	550	450	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,240	1,810	1,430	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,535	800	730	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	440	485	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,935	1,925	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,220	2,505	2,715	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	790	760	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,210	2,140	2,070	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,010	5,580	5,430	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,305	1,305	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	995	925	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	1,020	950	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,235	3,925	4,310	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,490	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,600	13,605	12,990	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,015	2,025	1,995	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,725	835	895	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,665	1,585	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	1,990	2,095	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	440	415	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,640	1,890	1,745	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	985	1,140	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,170	2,065	2,100	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	2,015	2,220	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	140	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,920	1,450	1,470	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,190	1,090	1,095	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	1,060	1,140	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,185	1,210	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,640	1,660	1,985	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,460	1,225	1,235	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,045	2,785	3,255	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,525	1,205	1,320	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,405	1,230	1,175	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	965	980	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	465	515	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	190	130	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	1,030	1,000	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,280	1,365	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,155	2,040	2,115	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,875	1,445	1,430	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,125	1,070	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	650	635	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,535	1,240	2,295	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	525	480	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,140	2,655	2,485	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	95	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	345	350	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,245	2,750	2,495	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,310	1,120	1,190	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,220	2,020	2,200	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	5,290	5,830	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,065	1,005	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	645	710	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,175	1,630	1,545	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,225	2,690	2,530	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	155	165	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,180	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,205	1,435	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,360	2,660	2,705	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	470	490	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	140	105	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,150	1,935	2,210	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,200	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	55	25	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	330	165	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,715	1,400	1,315	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	330	360	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	910	1,075	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	240	315	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	575	580	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,075	2,745	2,325	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,780	895	880	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	450	540	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,315	1,395	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	200	250	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	575	600	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	845	750	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	305	355	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	860	745	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	245	355	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	900	800	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	140	115	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	590	630	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	710	695	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	395	515	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,075	1,030	1,040	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	150	155	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	740	785	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	250	265	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	215	155	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	500	475	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	715	650	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,785	855	925	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	295	270	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	440	435	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	455	395	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,300	1,530	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	535	580	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	805	885	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	185	160	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	110	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,745	2,025	1,715	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	775	725	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	565	595	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	620	395	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	235	240	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	400	445	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	410	330	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,535	1,145	1,395	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,120	1,180	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	185	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	235	300	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	280	310	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	160	165	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	310	270	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	305	350	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	290	305	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	105	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,195	575	620	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	340	440	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	560	560	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	625	525	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	185	190	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	925	825	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	125	185	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	445	245	200	445	230	215	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	1,530	720	810
Buddhist	20	0	10	0	0	0	42,830	19,140	23,690	0	0	0
Christian	230	125	105	205	100	105	2,009,820	952,440	1,057,385	815	350	465
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	20	10	15	30	10	25	429,375	207,320	222,055	210	105	100
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,035	10,075	9,960	0	0	0
Anglican	15	10	0	10	10	0	95,560	43,925	51,635	45	25	20
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,605	20,650	23,955	15	10	10
Catholic	120	70	50	55	20	30	833,025	399,750	433,275	280	100	180
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,775	30,995	32,775	20	0	15
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,185	7,955	10,235	15	10	10
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	55	30	25	47,125	22,540	24,580	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	15	0	15	78,925	36,470	42,455	20	15	10
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,640	4,400	5,240	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,900	25,250	28,655	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,850	10,360	12,495	25	0	20
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,735	7,310	7,430	0	0	0
United Church	25	20	10	25	20	0	153,820	67,205	86,615	105	45	60
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	25	10	15	0	0	0	124,265	58,235	66,030	30	15	20
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,520	40,435	38,085	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,390	5,475	5,915	20	15	0
Muslim	0	0	0	25	15	15	202,535	103,635	98,900	30	10	20
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	103,600	52,505	51,100	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,755	9,640	10,120	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,220	14,325	18,905	15	0	15
No religion and secular perspectives	205	120	80	210	120	90	1,676,045	890,645	785,400	630	335	300
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	445	250	200	450	235	215	4,131,540	2,064,715	2,066,825	1,530	715	810
Non-movers	440	245	200	420	220	200	3,583,005	1,793,310	1,789,695	1,275	615	660
Movers	0	0	0	30	10	20	548,535	271,400	277,130	250	105	150
Non-migrants	0	0	0	20	0	20	367,325	182,230	185,100	195	70	125
Migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	181,205	89,170	92,035	60	30	25
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	152,655	75,275	77,380	25	15	10
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	107,180	52,880	54,295	25	15	10
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,475	22,390	23,090	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,555	13,900	14,650	35	20	10
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	440	245	195	420	215	205	3,930,000	1,961,005	1,969,000	1,475	690	790
Non-movers	335	180	155	325	170	150	2,314,250	1,158,665	1,155,590	710	330	380
Movers	105	65	40	100	45	55	1,615,755	802,340	813,415	760	360	405
Non-migrants	75	50	30	70	30	40	854,765	427,660	427,105	490	230	270
Migrants	25	15	15	35	15	15	760,990	374,680	386,305	270	130	140
Internal migrants	25	15	15	35	15	15	596,980	295,120	301,860	180	85	95
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	431,785	213,950	217,830	70	40	30
Interprovincial migrants	25	10	15	20	0	15	165,195	81,160	84,035	110	45	65
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	164,015	79,565	84,445	90	45	40
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	390	205	185	390	210	180	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	1,355	615	740
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	40	25	20	60	35	25	595,665	322,765	272,900	85	30	50
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	345	180	165	330	175	160	2,779,465	1,353,090	1,426,375	1,270	585	685
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	210	105	105	300	155	145	2,298,165	1,141,780	1,156,380	865	380	485
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10	10	0	25	15	10	274,480	156,485	117,990	25	10	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	195	95	100	270	135	135	2,023,680	985,290	1,038,390	835	375	465
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	385	200	185	390	205	180	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,275	1,355	620	735
No certificate, diploma or degree	30	15	20	45	25	20	522,835	275,555	247,275	70	30	40
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	80	50	35	140	75	65	972,110	482,900	489,215	300	105	195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	275	140	130	200	105	95	1,880,185	917,400	962,790	990	485	505
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	50	45	130	70	70	1,014,810	524,770	490,045	335	160	180
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25	20	10	45	40	0	295,285	232,120	63,165	45	35	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	15	10	0	87,195	51,295	35,900	25	15	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	20	0	30	30	0	208,090	180,830	27,260	20	20	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	60	25	25	65	15	40	612,690	250,540	362,145	265	115	150
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	30	10	15	106,840	42,105	64,735	25	10	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	180	90	90	65	35	30	865,370	392,625	472,745	655	330	325
Bachelor's degree	135	65	65	60	30	25	605,025	265,105	339,925	460	230	225
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,915	19,815	25,100	45	15	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,880	12,100	11,775	25	15	0
Master's degree	35	15	25	0	0	0	164,245	79,220	85,025	100	55	50
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,315	16,385	10,920	20	10	15
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	205	100	105	295	150	145	2,298,160	1,141,780	1,156,385	860	380	485
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	20	10	10	227,880	126,960	100,920	25	0	15
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25	15	0	110	55	50	581,820	298,415	283,405	135	35	95
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	175	85	95	170	80	85	1,488,465	716,410	772,060	710	335	380
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	75	35	40	110	55	55	774,420	401,065	373,355	220	110	110
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	10	10	35	30	10	220,930	175,185	45,745	30	25	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	15	10	0	61,815	37,400	24,415	20	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	10	0	25	20	0	159,110	137,785	21,330	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	45	20	20	50	15	35	472,155	193,510	278,645	175	80	90
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	10	25	10	10	81,335	32,370	48,965	15	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	100	45	50	55	25	30	714,040	315,340	398,700	490	220	265
Bachelor's degree	80	30	45	50	20	25	497,885	213,625	284,260	345	160	190
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,125	15,110	20,020	40	15	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,045	9,435	10,615	20	10	10
Master's degree	20	10	10	10	10	0	139,935	65,290	74,645	80	45	35
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,050	11,880	9,165	10	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	390	205	185	390	205	180	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	1,355	620	735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	115	60	50	190	100	90	1,494,945	758,460	736,490	365	135	230
Education	10	0	10	30	10	15	129,710	30,305	99,400	95	20	75
13. Education	10	0	10	30	10	15	129,710	30,305	99,400	95	20	75
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,820	20,045	29,775	30	0	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,805	4,125	1,675	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,015	15,915	28,100	30	0	25
Humanities	10	0	0	0	0	0	75,030	29,415	45,615	25	10	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,385	1,545	5,845	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,425	4,255	11,170	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,015	8,710	15,315	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	400	760	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,555	3,090	2,465	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,680	6,855	4,830	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,065	4,165	3,895	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,735	400	1,335	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	15	35	20	0	15	177,435	57,365	120,070	115	55	65
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,750	620	2,130	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	0	0	0	21,730	8,340	13,395	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	29,220	2,090	27,125	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0	0	0	0	31,215	10,250	20,965	25	15	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,025	2,015	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	0	0	0	0	31,925	7,565	24,355	25	10	20
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	10	0	0	57,565	27,475	30,085	50	25	30
Business, management and public administration	60	30	30	30	15	15	390,110	151,140	238,975	225	115	115
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	160	455	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,375	4,465	18,910	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	30	30	30	15	15	366,120	146,520	219,605	220	115	110
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	15	0	0	0	0	80,425	40,180	40,245	70	40	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,505	11,950	17,555	20	10	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,630	8,340	10,295	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	400	715	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0	26,315	17,555	8,760	30	20	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,860	1,930	2,930	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	10	0	0	0	0	71,380	45,230	26,150	55	35	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	10	0	0	0	0	58,030	39,530	18,500	45	35	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,400	600	3,800	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,770	4,330	3,435	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	765	420	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	65	60	0	50	45	0	461,075	411,075	49,995	170	145	20
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,095	7,465	4,625	10	0	0
14. Engineering	30	25	0	10	10	0	114,735	92,365	22,370	80	70	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	20	15	0	10	10	0	106,575	91,350	15,225	35	30	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	15	15	0	95,890	92,650	3,240	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15	10	0	82,805	80,150	2,655	15	15	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,925	47,075	1,850	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,710	28,660	23,055	20	10	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,010	19,075	15,935	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,700	9,575	7,120	10	0	0
Health and related fields	40	0	35	35	10	30	295,415	56,225	239,190	160	45	120
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	0	0	15	10	0	20,505	9,625	10,885	10	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	0	30	25	0	25	267,750	42,785	224,965	140	30	110
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	180	295	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,680	3,635	3,050	10	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	10	20	15	0	97,660	47,575	50,075	25	10	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	0	0	0	57,430	15,580	41,845	20	10	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	335	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	605	100	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,025	12,445	6,580	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	10	10	0	20,125	18,615	1,520	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	190	235	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	210	105	105	300	150	145	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	865	380	480
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30	15	10	125	70	60	809,700	425,375	384,325	155	50	105
Education	10	0	10	20	10	15	92,240	19,980	72,255	45	0	40
13. Education	10	0	10	20	10	15	92,240	19,980	72,255	45	0	40
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,730	15,620	24,110	30	0	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,065	2,750	1,315	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,665	12,875	22,790	30	0	30
Humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,200	22,205	35,990	20	10	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	1,210	4,740	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,145	3,310	8,825	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,305	6,800	12,500	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	295	590	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,385	2,430	1,950	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,135	4,740	3,395	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,205	3,160	3,040	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	250	940	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	10	30	20	0	20	146,530	45,555	100,975	100	40	60
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,315	515	1,800	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,890	6,940	11,950	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	23,325	1,630	21,690	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	0	0	0	25,940	7,730	18,210	20	10	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	825	1,715	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,775	5,750	20,025	25	10	20
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	47,735	22,165	25,570	50	15	25
Business, management and public administration	40	15	30	25	15	10	317,125	121,510	195,615	150	60	90
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	135	315	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,680	3,200	15,480	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	15	30	25	15	10	297,995	118,175	179,820	145	60	85
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,555	29,465	32,090	50	20	30
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,290	9,185	14,105	15	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,260	6,255	8,010	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	315	580	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,655	12,320	7,335	20	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,445	1,385	2,055	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,125	39,035	22,085	40	25	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,435	34,910	16,530	35	25	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,945	460	2,490	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,775	3,080	2,700	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	590	370	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50	45	10	35	30	0	362,315	318,170	44,135	140	120	20
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,600	5,585	4,020	15	0	0
14. Engineering	25	20	0	0	0	0	95,200	75,075	20,125	75	60	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	20	15	0	10	10	0	84,485	71,240	13,245	30	25	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	15	15	0	73,955	71,080	2,875	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	0	0	61,780	59,485	2,290	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,260	35,705	1,555	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,085	20,610	19,475	15	0	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	12,965	13,205	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,925	7,650	6,275	0	0	0
Health and related fields	20	0	15	35	10	25	232,820	45,895	186,920	95	25	70
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	0	0	15	10	0	16,345	7,640	8,705	10	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	0	10	20	0	20	210,650	35,325	175,320	85	20	65
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	145	255	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,430	2,785	2,645	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	10	15	10	0	76,410	38,205	38,205	25	10	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	0	0	0	43,535	12,080	31,455	10	10	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	275	25	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	390	55	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,885	10,385	5,505	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	10	10	0	16,245	15,080	1,165	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	210	105	105	300	150	145	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	865	380	480
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30	15	10	125	70	60	809,700	425,375	384,325	155	50	105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	180	80	90	165	85	85	1,488,465	716,405	772,060	715	330	375
Location of study inside Canada	160	75	90	145	70	80	1,157,790	563,035	594,750	540	260	280
Same as province or territory of residence	105	45	55	130	70	65	886,080	429,870	456,210	365	180	185
Different than province or territory of residence	55	25	30	15	0	15	271,710	133,165	138,545	180	80	100
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	15	15	0	20	10	0	330,675	153,370	177,305	170	75	95
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,515	26,775	27,740	30	20	10
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,460	17,900	16,555	25	15	10
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,255	2,565	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	300	320	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	125	65	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	665	805	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,480	1,000	1,475	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,335	1,865	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	220	420	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	995	1,400	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,975	2,265	0	0	0
Europe	10	0	0	0	0	0	54,920	28,570	26,350	45	20	25
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	320	190	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,005	1,045	960	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,670	1,520	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,215	890	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	515	435	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	310	335	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	445	540	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,150	1,350	1,805	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,790	1,455	1,335	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,450	1,515	1,935	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,305	1,940	2,365	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	1,115	750	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,280	11,190	9,090	10	0	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	375	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	360	300	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	365	390	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,550	3,385	3,165	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,775	13,770	13,005	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,795	3,825	3,970	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	345	325	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	615	475	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	305	200	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,665	1,565	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,660	1,885	1,770	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,830	5,130	4,700	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	188,060	80,750	107,315	100	40	60
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,440	1,605	1,835	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	730	705	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	350	305	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	695	805	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	700	660	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	540	360	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,320	7,525	9,795	35	15	15
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	245	715	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	425	820	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	530	1,405	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,990	2,990	4,000	35	10	25
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	74,205	29,080	45,130	20	10	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	545	955	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	990	1,490	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	685	595	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,120	24,905	27,215	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,355	4,710	5,645	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,390	3,510	4,885	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,410	3,505	2,905	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,880	2,560	2,320	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	680	425	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	265	160	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	385	200	185	390	205	180	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,280	1,355	620	735
In the labour force	220	120	100	250	150	105	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,425	835	400	430
Employed	175	95	85	210	115	90	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,135	730	350	380
Unemployed	40	25	15	45	30	10	264,650	138,365	126,290	100	50	50
Not in the labour force	170	85	85	135	60	80	1,079,750	459,900	619,845	525	220	305
Participation rate	57.1	60.0	54.1	64.1	73.2	58.3	68.0	72.6	63.5	61.6	64.5	58.5
Employment rate	45.5	47.5	45.9	53.8	56.1	50.0	60.2	64.3	56.1	53.9	56.5	51.7
Unemployment rate	18.2	20.8	15.0	18.0	20.0	9.5	11.5	11.4	11.7	12.0	12.5	11.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	390	205	185	390	205	180	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	1,355	620	735
Did not work¹⁸⁶	155	80	70	165	85	85	1,140,745	497,150	643,595	515	210	310
Worked	235	125	110	225	125	100	2,234,385	1,178,705	1,055,680	840	415	430
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	90	40	50	115	80	40	1,164,455	670,620	493,835	410	235	175
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	140	85	55	110	50	55	1,069,930	508,085	561,840	430	180	255
Average weeks worked in reference year	35.6	32.8	38.8	39.6	41.2	37.2	40.8	41.5	39.9	39.8	40.6	39.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	220	120	100	250	150	105	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	830	400	430
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	20	15	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	20	10	15
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	215	120	95	235	130	100	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	815	390	420
Employee	170	95	75	205	115	85	1,876,950	967,450	909,500	590	290	305
Permanent position	135	75	60	170	95	75	1,560,435	814,805	745,625	495	245	250
Temporary position	35	20	15	30	20	10	316,520	152,640	163,880	100	40	55
Fixed term (1 year or more)	10	0	0	0	0	0	97,610	44,060	53,555	35	20	15
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	25	15	15	30	20	10	218,905	108,585	110,320	65	25	40
Self-employed¹⁹²	45	25	20	35	20	10	347,975	213,655	134,320	225	105	115
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	220	120	100	250	150	105	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	830	400	430
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	20	15	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	20	10	15
All occupations¹⁹¹	215	120	95	235	130	100	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	815	390	420
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,120	16,455	6,665	25	15	10
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	75	30	40	45	0	40	373,795	110,275	263,520	195	85	110
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20	15	0	15	15	0	182,880	140,540	42,340	115	95	25
3 Health occupations	10	0	10	0	0	0	182,480	34,585	147,895	65	15	50
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15	0	15	30	25	0	246,625	82,115	164,510	105	25	80
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	10	0	20	10	0	51,815	21,140	30,675	45	20	25
6 Sales and service occupations	40	15	25	50	30	25	538,930	232,640	306,285	185	70	110
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	30	20	0	45	40	10	441,955	399,605	42,345	65	60	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10	10	0	0	0	0	99,430	77,250	22,180	10	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	15	0	10	83,895	66,480	17,415	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	220	120	100	250	150	105	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	830	400	430
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	20	15	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	20	10	15
All industries¹⁹¹	215	120	95	235	130	100	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	815	390	420
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,965	42,305	21,665	10	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	35	30	0	15	10	0	112,890	88,690	24,200	35	20	15
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,630	15,900	6,735	35	20	15
23 Construction	25	15	10	20	15	0	210,350	177,845	32,505	45	40	0
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	15	15	0	118,890	88,735	30,155	20	15	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	0	0	0	71,580	50,655	20,930	35	25	15
44-45 Retail trade	55	20	30	35	20	20	253,030	117,605	135,425	70	30	35
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	10	0	15	10	10	128,410	96,000	32,410	20	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,680	16,625	12,055	10	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,355	27,225	41,135	40	25	15
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,400	21,625	17,775	25	10	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	35	20	15	20	0	15	177,895	99,055	78,840	185	95	90
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,420	2,075	2,345	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	15	15	0	91,750	51,325	40,430	25	10	15
61 Educational services	10	0	10	30	15	20	149,170	43,775	105,400	45	10	40
62 Health care and social assistance	0	0	0	25	0	20	285,090	51,930	233,155	90	15	70
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,685	20,880	21,805	40	20	20
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	15	10	0	132,930	57,280	75,650	30	0	30
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	10	10	15	15	0	104,530	50,355	54,175	45	30	10
91 Public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,270	61,230	57,040	20	10	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	255	140	115	250	140	115	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	915	445	470
English	235	130	105	250	140	115	2,319,940	1,223,960	1,095,975	870	430	440
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	1,145	2,695	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,015	7,470	6,545	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	140	105	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,770	7,330	6,440	0	0	0
English and French	10	0	10	0	0	0	20,015	8,200	11,815	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,830	31,865	29,965	40	10	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	765	785	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	475	410	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	255	140	115	250	140	115	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	915	445	470
Single responses	255	140	115	250	140	115	2,407,485	1,266,360	1,141,120	915	445	470
Official languages	255	140	115	250	140	115	2,381,515	1,252,385	1,129,135	900	435	465
English	255	140	115	250	140	115	2,374,615	1,250,455	1,124,165	900	435	465
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,900	1,930	4,970	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,965	13,980	11,990	10	10	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	425	340	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	400	300	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	355	280	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	355	280	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	295	220	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,200	13,555	11,650	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	535	495	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	80	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	450	400	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	60	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	315	280	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	500	805	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	480	795	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	540	620	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	490	570	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,180	7,175	5,010	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	300	480	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	300	480	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	100	200	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,025	1,985	1,045	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	970	580	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,540	965	575	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	995	455	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	30	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	245	80	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	695	330	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,660	3,440	2,220	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	3,340	2,100	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	135	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	20	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,630	2,975	1,655	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	125	160	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	95	110	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,660	1,415	1,245	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	50	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	45	35	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,420	1,275	1,145	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	70	135	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	620	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	85	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,340	3,725	3,615	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,605	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,105	1,570	1,535	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,095	2,050	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	30	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	65	100	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	55	90	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	115	30	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	115	30	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	15	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,630	7,530	7,100	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,105	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,695	6,245	5,440	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	75	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	105	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	255	140	115	250	140	115	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	915	445	470
None	235	130	105	250	140	115	2,350,940	1,239,355	1,111,590	875	435	440
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,355	6,840	0	0	0
French	10	0	10	0	0	0	14,630	6,410	8,215	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,335	18,310	18,025	30	0	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	865	1,255	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,210	17,445	16,765	30	0	25
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	540	540	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,125	565	560	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,335	2,420	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	175	95	85	210	120	90	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,140	730	350	385
Worked at home	60	20	40	50	15	25	446,315	211,420	234,900	305	150	155
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,430	4,105	1,330	10	0	0
No fixed workplace address	40	25	15	55	45	10	319,675	242,835	76,845	65	35	25
Usual place of work	75	45	30	115	60	55	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	350	155	195
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	80	45	30	115	60	55	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	350	155	195
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	70	45	25	100	50	50	902,040	419,240	482,800	325	145	175
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	292,360	157,820	134,535	15	0	15
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,590	34,120	18,470	15	10	10
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,315	8,060	4,260	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	115	75	40	165	100	65	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	415	190	225
Car, truck or van	110	70	40	150	95	60	1,378,685	765,905	612,775	360	170	185
Car, truck or van - as a driver	110	70	40	150	95	60	1,287,940	730,925	557,015	335	165	170
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,740	34,980	55,760	20	0	15
Public transit	0	0	0	0	0	0	88,255	39,915	48,345	20	10	10
Walked	0	0	0	0	0	0	62,810	27,445	35,360	10	0	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,370	7,975	3,395	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,865	20,820	17,040	20	10	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	115	75	40	165	100	65	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	415	190	225
Less than 15 minutes	40	20	20	25	20	10	487,710	225,360	262,355	100	40	60
15 to 29 minutes	50	35	15	80	45	40	610,485	333,105	277,385	245	115	125
30 to 44 minutes	10	10	0	35	20	15	302,735	184,370	118,365	50	30	25
45 to 59 minutes	10	10	0	20	15	0	87,230	55,475	31,755	10	0	10
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,815	63,765	27,050	10	0	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	115	75	40	165	100	65	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	415	190	225
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,400	88,060	28,340	25	20	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	20	15	0	30	25	10	296,930	194,765	102,165	45	25	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	25	15	10	35	25	15	424,170	228,535	195,630	80	40	40
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	20	10	10	50	25	25	299,145	134,910	164,240	95	50	45
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35	20	20	25	15	10	195,835	83,185	112,655	105	35	70
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20	15	0	15	10	10	246,495	132,620	113,880	55	15	40
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	110	65	40	105	55	50	971,390	499,245	472,145	180	90	90
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	15	0	10	5	10	67,140	34,000	33,140	20	10	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	95	55	45	95	50	40	904,245	465,240	439,005	165	85	80
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	85	55	30	70	30	40	704,490	362,400	342,090	135	70	65
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	10	0	10	5	5	49,735	25,180	24,555	20	10	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	10	0	0	0	0	24,675	12,010	12,665	5	0	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	0	5	5	0	25,055	13,170	11,890	10	10	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	75	40	35	60	25	35	654,755	337,220	317,530	120	60	55

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...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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