Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48061282More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			AlbertaMore information: [Province] Remove			48061012More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	649	...	...	4,262,635	...	...	382	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	4,067,175	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	4.8	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	286	...	...	1,772,670	...	...	154	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	276	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	147	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,278.8	...	...	6.7	...	...	1,866.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.28	...	...	634,658.27	...	...	0.20	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	650	330	320	4,262,635	2,127,935	2,134,700	385	175	205
0 to 14 years	100	50	50	809,640	415,870	393,770	80	35	45
0 to 4 years	30	20	10	250,250	128,560	121,690	20	10	10
5 to 9 years	40	20	20	278,810	142,850	135,955	25	10	20
10 to 14 years	30	15	20	280,585	144,460	136,120	30	10	20
15 to 64 years	430	225	205	2,823,770	1,416,910	1,406,865	255	125	135
15 to 19 years	20	10	15	249,765	128,745	121,015	20	15	5
20 to 24 years	35	20	15	248,740	128,595	120,150	20	5	10
25 to 29 years	30	15	10	275,465	138,510	136,955	30	15	20
30 to 34 years	45	20	25	323,260	160,175	163,085	20	10	10
35 to 39 years	55	25	25	338,945	168,390	170,560	30	15	15
40 to 44 years	55	30	25	307,665	153,715	153,955	35	15	20
45 to 49 years	45	35	10	277,770	139,705	138,065	15	15	5
50 to 54 years	40	15	25	262,770	131,650	131,120	25	15	15
55 to 59 years	60	30	35	274,150	135,825	138,325	30	10	20
60 to 64 years	45	25	20	265,240	131,600	133,640	25	10	10
65 years and over	120	55	65	629,220	295,155	334,070	40	20	20
65 to 69 years	45	25	15	217,270	106,975	110,295	10	10	5
70 to 74 years	20	5	15	163,890	79,150	84,735	5	0	5
75 to 79 years	20	10	15	105,520	49,860	55,660	10	5	5
80 to 84 years	25	10	15	70,160	31,510	38,650	10	0	5
85 years and over	20	5	10	72,375	27,660	44,720	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	20	5	10	44,670	18,540	26,130	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	21,430	7,545	13,890	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	5,480	1,405	4,075	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	795	170	625	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.4	15.2	15.6	19.0	19.5	18.4	20.8	20.0	22.0
15 to 64 years	66.2	68.2	64.1	66.2	66.6	65.9	66.2	71.4	65.9
65 years and over	18.5	16.7	20.3	14.8	13.9	15.6	10.4	11.4	9.8
85 years and over	3.1	1.5	3.1	1.7	1.3	2.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	43.5	42.9	44.2	39.0	38.4	39.7	37.8	37.8	37.8
Median age of the population	44.0	44.0	44.4	38.4	37.6	38.8	38.0	37.2	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	275	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	145	...	...
Single-detached house	245	...	...	994,565	...	...	10	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	98,740	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	127,735	...	...	130	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	25	...	...	43,730	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	247,030	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	74,880	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	1,215	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	45,325	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	280	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	145	...	...
1 person	70	...	...	424,055	...	...	40	...	...
2 persons	110	...	...	551,420	...	...	40	...	...
3 persons	45	...	...	249,135	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	40	...	...	243,400	...	...	20	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	165,215	...	...	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	645	330	320	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	380	180	205
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	550	280	265	3,452,995	1,712,065	1,740,925	300	145	160
Married or living common-law	340	175	165	2,033,945	1,018,425	1,015,520	145	70	70
Married	265	135	130	1,703,285	852,950	850,335	120	60	65
Living common-law	70	40	35	330,655	165,475	165,180	20	15	10
Living common law - Never married	40	20	20	245,650	123,625	122,030	15	10	5
Living common law - Separated	5	0	5	12,835	6,745	6,090	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	25	10	10	65,955	32,580	33,375	5	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	6,210	2,520	3,690	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	210	110	105	1,419,050	693,640	725,410	160	70	85
Not married and not living common law - Never married	125	80	50	969,780	535,715	434,065	95	50	45
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	5	5	83,350	36,440	46,910	15	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	45	20	25	214,460	87,950	126,505	45	20	25
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	5	20	151,455	33,530	117,925	5	0	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	195	...	...	1,164,655	...	...	105	...	...
2 persons	115	...	...	565,900	...	...	50	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	240,980	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	238,600	...	...	15	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	119,170	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	195	...	...	1,164,650	...	...	105	...	...
Total couple families	165	...	...	987,465	...	...	70	...	...
Married couples	130	...	...	822,175	...	...	60	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	464,975	...	...	45	...	...
Without children	75	...	...	357,200	...	...	20	...	...
Common-law couples	35	...	...	165,290	...	...	10	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	60,705	...	...	0	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	104,580	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	30	...	...	177,190	...	...	35	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	135,065	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	42,125	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	650	330	315	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	380	180	205
Total - Persons in census families	525	260	270	3,456,645	1,720,145	1,736,505	315	150	170
Married spouses or common-law partners	340	170	165	1,974,930	986,995	987,935	145	70	70
Parents in one-parent families	25	10	20	177,185	42,120	135,060	35	10	25
Children⁶	165	80	80	1,304,525	691,020	613,500	145	65	70
In a two-parent family	120	60	60	1,022,235	538,215	484,020	90	45	45
In a one-parent family	45	20	20	282,290	152,810	129,485	50	20	30
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	120	70	50	721,070	368,045	353,030	65	25	35
Living alone	65	40	30	424,055	207,075	216,980	45	15	30
Living with other relatives⁷	15	5	10	108,100	49,205	58,900	10	5	5
Living with non-relatives only	40	25	15	188,915	111,760	77,155	15	10	5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	275	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	145	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	175	...	...	1,008,210	...	...	85	...	...
Couple-family households	150	...	...	876,085	...	...	65	...	...
With children⁶	65	...	...	465,405	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	90	...	...	410,680	...	...	25	...	...
One-parent-family households	25	...	...	132,125	...	...	20	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	47,450	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	60,780	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	82,150	...	...	5	...	...
One-person households	65	...	...	424,055	...	...	40	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	550	285	270	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	300	140	155
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	530	270	260	3,213,495	1,597,075	1,616,420	280	125	155
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	52,000	42,000	44,800	53,200	38,400	40,400	43,200	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	530	270	260	3,215,290	1,598,045	1,617,250	280	125	155
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	46,400	38,000	40,400	46,800	35,200	36,400	39,600	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	475	245	225	2,899,265	1,472,130	1,427,140	250	115	135
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,200	34,800	40,000	50,400	31,200	31,400	40,400	23,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	380	205	175	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	210	95	115
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200	58,800	43,600	41,600	51,600	33,600	36,800	46,400	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	465	235	230	2,818,115	1,377,385	1,440,730	265	115	145
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	7,000	11,500	8,300	6,120	9,700	9,600	7,550	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45	25	20	373,185	184,280	188,900	55	20	35
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,000	3,440	4,000	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,520	5,120	6,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	145	80	65	978,925	473,610	505,320	110	45	65
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	10,000	8,000	10,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	575	260	315	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	290	140	155
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	555	255	300	3,212,650	1,596,250	1,616,400	260	110	150
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,400	59,200	54,000	60,850	72,700	49,160	38,400	43,000	34,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	555	255	300	3,214,490	1,597,255	1,617,235	260	110	150
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,800	49,600	46,400	50,200	58,400	42,120	34,800	38,500	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	505	240	260	2,900,200	1,472,350	1,427,850	220	90	130
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,200	55,200	49,600	57,300	70,100	44,040	28,000	39,000	20,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	375	190	185	2,426,940	1,262,995	1,163,950	190	80	110
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,200	56,800	57,200	56,350	67,800	43,920	28,200	35,000	23,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	490	225	265	2,817,280	1,376,575	1,440,710	255	110	145
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,280	8,300	12,000	10,440	9,300	11,520	15,200	13,200	16,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35	0	25	371,975	183,715	188,265	60	30	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	3,200	...	3,200	7,090	6,720	7,450	7,200	7,600	6,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	145	65	80	972,130	470,475	501,650	135	50	80
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	10,400	10,000	9,170	9,030	9,290	9,600	10,800	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	575	260	315	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	290	140	155
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	180	90	90	1,120,075	641,305	478,775	70	40	30
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	81,000	78,000	91,000	70,500	78,500	62,000	45,200	47,200	x
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,000	80,000	86,000	85,200	96,300	70,400	42,000	54,000	24,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	130	60	65	993,770	466,385	527,385	65	20	50
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,800	27,600	31,000	21,600	26,200	18,400	17,000	x	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,500	32,000	35,000	34,280	42,280	27,160	25,000	13,000	31,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	88.0	80.0	85.0	89.0	79.2	62.0	70.0	54.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.5	71.0	66.0	70.0	73.8	64.4	54.0	58.0	50.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.2	12.4	19.6	15.0	11.0	20.9	38.5	29.0	46.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	x	0.5	1.4	1.1	1.8	4.4	4.5	4.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	5.0	5.7	5.1	4.0	6.7	14.2	12.0	16.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	4.4	4.8	4.6	3.7	5.9	12.8	11.0	14.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	550	280	265	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	300	145	160
Without total income	20	10	10	161,620	78,885	82,730	20	15	5
With total income	530	275	255	3,213,490	1,597,075	1,616,415	280	130	155
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	15	30	271,260	111,180	160,085	20	10	10
$10,000 to $19,999	60	20	35	307,390	122,515	184,880	30	10	15
$20,000 to $29,999	70	35	35	483,175	210,085	273,090	45	20	30
$30,000 to $39,999	55	30	25	384,115	161,270	222,840	45	15	30
$40,000 to $49,999	50	25	25	332,120	148,870	183,245	40	20	25
$50,000 to $59,999	55	20	30	277,960	132,620	145,340	35	25	15
$60,000 to $69,999	40	20	25	232,840	119,260	113,580	20	10	15
$70,000 to $79,999	35	15	15	187,305	105,100	82,205	10	0	10
$80,000 to $89,999	25	20	10	146,920	87,190	59,725	15	10	0
$90,000 to $99,999	20	15	10	124,520	73,960	50,560	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	80	55	30	465,885	325,025	140,860	10	5	5
$100,000 to $149,999	60	35	20	291,955	191,190	100,765	5	0	5
$150,000 and over	25	20	5	173,935	133,835	40,100	5	5	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	550	280	265	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	300	145	160
Without after-tax income	20	10	10	159,820	77,915	81,900	20	15	5
With after-tax income	530	275	255	3,215,295	1,598,045	1,617,245	280	130	155
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45	15	30	282,760	115,430	167,325	20	10	10
$10,000 to $19,999	60	25	35	320,525	128,425	192,100	35	10	20
$20,000 to $29,999	75	40	40	545,450	237,370	308,080	55	20	35
$30,000 to $39,999	75	40	35	449,440	194,945	254,500	50	20	25
$40,000 to $49,999	55	20	30	388,170	182,160	206,010	50	20	30
$50,000 to $59,999	65	30	35	314,650	160,140	154,510	30	20	10
$60,000 to $69,999	45	20	20	240,015	135,075	104,940	25	15	10
$70,000 to $79,999	25	20	10	178,580	106,080	72,495	5	0	5
$80,000 to $89,999	30	20	15	138,170	82,415	55,755	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	10	92,045	59,450	32,595	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	45	30	10	265,490	196,560	68,930	5	5	0
$100,000 to $124,999	25	20	5	121,505	85,805	35,705	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	15	10	10	143,985	110,760	33,225	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	550	280	265	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	300	145	160
Without employment income	170	75	95	948,210	413,405	534,805	90	45	45
With employment income	385	205	175	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	215	100	110
Under $5,000 (including loss)	45	20	20	305,715	142,525	163,185	25	10	10
$5,000 to $9,999	25	15	15	186,575	78,780	107,795	15	5	15
$10,000 to $19,999	30	10	20	270,795	116,950	153,845	30	15	20
$20,000 to $29,999	15	10	5	212,530	93,955	118,575	20	10	10
$30,000 to $39,999	40	15	20	202,095	92,015	110,080	20	5	15
$40,000 to $49,999	30	15	15	193,315	92,690	100,625	25	15	15
$50,000 to $59,999	30	20	10	181,745	89,815	91,930	25	20	5
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	20	161,830	85,450	76,375	20	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	15	133,940	78,540	55,400	10	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	5	110,580	67,335	43,240	5	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	20	15	10	101,430	59,855	41,575	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	75	50	25	366,350	264,635	101,720	5	0	5
$100,000 to $124,999	40	25	15	158,925	103,055	55,870	5	0	0
$125,000 and over	40	25	10	207,430	161,580	45,850	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	550	285	270	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	300	140	155
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	525	270	255	3,147,180	1,561,420	1,585,760	275	125	155
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	53,600	42,000	44,400	54,800	36,400	38,800	46,800	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	525	270	255	3,148,375	1,561,645	1,586,735	275	125	155
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	46,400	36,800	39,600	47,600	33,600	35,600	40,000	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	480	250	230	2,869,935	1,456,690	1,413,250	250	115	135
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	53,200	39,200	43,200	54,000	34,400	35,600	46,000	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	390	210	180	2,438,175	1,267,255	1,170,925	215	100	120
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,200	70,000	44,400	44,400	55,200	36,000	38,800	48,000	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	445	220	225	2,675,790	1,312,270	1,363,520	250	120	135
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,700	1,030	4,040	1,620	1,010	4,080	2,420	1,050	6,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	30	15	20	245,140	118,390	126,750	30	15	10
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,760	x	x	6,240	5,640	7,050	7,050	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	575	260	315	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	290	140	155
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	545	255	290	3,146,890	1,560,995	1,585,890	250	105	145
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,800	60,800	55,200	60,750	74,200	47,560	38,400	43,000	34,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	545	255	290	3,147,975	1,561,230	1,586,750	250	105	145
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,600	50,400	47,200	49,720	59,050	40,520	34,800	38,000	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	515	245	270	2,871,550	1,456,805	1,414,740	230	100	130
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,600	58,800	50,800	60,350	74,400	45,840	32,800	41,000	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	390	185	200	2,438,445	1,267,615	1,170,835	195	90	105
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,000	64,000	56,000	59,450	72,000	45,800	34,000	38,000	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	450	200	250	2,676,295	1,312,765	1,363,530	240	105	135
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,480	5,600	9,000	6,720	5,635	7,770	8,900	6,400	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35	0	25	244,330	117,410	126,920	30	15	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800	...	6,800	7,990	7,020	8,900	13,000	10,000	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	575	260	315	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	290	140	155
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	180	90	90	1,111,760	636,785	474,975	75	45	30
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	83,000	81,000	83,000	68,500	77,500	58,800	39,600	45,200	x
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,000	80,000	84,000	83,800	95,700	67,800	42,000	44,000	38,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	140	60	80	941,295	443,225	498,070	65	20	40
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,800	39,200	36,800	30,000	37,200	25,400	32,400	x	32,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	48,000	58,000	42,000	43,280	54,050	33,720	35,000	34,000	36,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	92.0	86.0	90.6	93.6	86.0	78.0	84.0	70.0
Employment income (%)	74.0	77.0	71.0	75.8	78.8	71.0	70.0	72.0	66.0
Government transfers (%)	10.7	7.3	14.0	9.4	6.4	14.0	22.0	14.4	29.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	x	1.2	1.0	0.7	1.5	3.6	4.0	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	280	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	145	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	65	...	...	424,055	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	48,000	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	42,400	...	...	33,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	210	...	...	1,209,165	...	...	105	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	150	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	119,700	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	98,800	...	...	59,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	80	...	...	424,120	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	62,050	...	...	37,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	51,400	...	...	33,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	210	...	...	1,209,100	...	...	100	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	115,500	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	280	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	145	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	16,810	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	8,310	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	12,525	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	17,725	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	49,050	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	52,025	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	41,490	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	48,190	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	52,710	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	51,200	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	104,130	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5	...	...	106,340	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	104,230	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	98,820	...	...	5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	93,990	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	140	...	...	775,675	...	...	50	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	35	...	...	204,960	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35	...	...	156,945	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	40	...	...	200,675	...	...	10	...	...
$200,000 and over	25	...	...	213,100	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	280	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	145	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	18,920	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	8,620	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	12,950	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	18,925	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	52,455	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	58,000	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	48,620	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	56,195	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	62,115	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	60,880	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	126,900	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	127,780	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	122,795	...	...	10	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	117,335	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25	...	...	106,445	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	115	...	...	634,290	...	...	35	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	50	...	...	214,810	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	30	...	...	149,640	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	40	...	...	269,845	...	...	10	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	190	...	...	1,150,150	...	...	105	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	90	...	...	423,245	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	70	...	...	527,475	...	...	45	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	162,425	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	57,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	110	65	45	612,970	318,840	294,130	55	25	30
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,400	51,600	45,600	43,600	46,400	40,800	37,200	41,200	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	46,800	39,200	39,200	41,200	37,200	33,600	39,200	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	200	...	...	1,149,555	...	...	100	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	115,100	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	85	...	...	423,255	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	128,400	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	528,270	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	167,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	136,200	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	161,495	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	85,100	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	74,800	...	...	56,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	105	45	55	612,950	318,115	294,835	70	35	35
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	65,000	70,000	62,000	56,550	60,100	52,750	36,000	44,000	26,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,000	58,000	52,000	47,360	49,600	44,960	33,000	40,000	26,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	650	330	320	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,535	385	175	205
0 to 17 years	110	50	55	953,865	490,345	463,520	90	40	50
0 to 5 years	35	25	15	302,980	155,160	147,820	25	10	15
18 to 64 years	415	220	200	2,638,940	1,317,995	1,320,945	245	115	130
65 years and over	120	60	65	584,915	279,845	305,065	40	20	20
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	40	20	15	382,820	182,970	199,855	50	15	35
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	107,130	54,765	52,370	15	10	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	36,250	18,465	17,790	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	30	15	10	213,795	103,030	110,765	20	10	15
65 years and over	10	5	5	61,890	25,180	36,720	10	0	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.0	6.0	6.0	9.2	8.8	9.6	12.4	9.0	15.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	11.2	11.2	11.3	18.0	12.0	20.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	12.0	11.9	12.0	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	7.0	7.0	8.1	7.8	8.4	9.5	8.0	10.0
65 years and over (%)	6.0	8.0	6.0	10.6	9.0	12.0	20.0	x	30.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	650	330	315	4,132,995	2,065,555	2,067,435	380	180	205
0 to 17 years	115	55	60	936,965	481,700	455,265	95	45	50
0 to 5 years	40	20	15	298,005	152,625	145,380	25	10	15
18 to 64 years	420	220	195	2,614,300	1,305,610	1,308,690	245	115	130
65 years and over	120	55	65	581,730	278,250	303,475	45	20	25
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	35	15	15	187,885	96,630	91,255	20	5	10
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	43,110	21,925	21,180	5	0	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	13,945	7,045	6,900	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	25	15	10	130,620	68,100	62,525	15	10	10
65 years and over	5	5	0	14,155	6,605	7,550	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.2	6.0	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.4	6.0	5.0	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.7	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	4.7	4.6	4.8	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	7.0	6.0	5.0	5.2	4.8	7.0	8.0	6.0
65 years and over (%)	5.0	x	x	2.4	2.4	2.5	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	650	330	320	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	385	175	205
In bottom half of the distribution	300	145	155	1,894,410	924,245	970,165	245	110	135
In bottom decile	40	25	20	345,410	172,330	173,080	35	10	20
In second decile	50	25	25	385,215	179,975	205,240	70	30	45
In third decile	65	30	35	380,170	184,770	195,400	65	30	30
In fourth decile	50	20	30	386,560	190,330	196,235	35	15	20
In fifth decile	90	50	45	397,055	196,830	200,215	45	25	20
In top half of the distribution	350	185	165	2,283,310	1,163,940	1,119,365	135	65	70
In sixth decile	60	30	25	406,615	204,040	202,575	25	15	10
In seventh decile	45	20	20	420,810	212,460	208,350	35	15	20
In eighth decile	85	45	45	440,225	223,690	216,535	25	15	10
In ninth decile	70	35	35	470,850	240,765	230,085	40	15	20
In top decile	90	50	35	544,810	282,985	261,825	10	5	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	650	...	...	4,177,720	...	...	380	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.288	...	...	0.350	...	...	0.274	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.394	...	...	0.450	...	...	0.430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.255	...	...	0.307	...	...	0.250	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	650	330	315	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	380	180	205
English only	595	300	295	3,894,690	1,960,785	1,933,905	375	175	200
French only	0	0	0	3,105	1,330	1,780	0	0	0
English and French	55	30	25	258,330	119,725	138,605	5	0	5
Neither English nor French	0	5	0	65,705	26,945	38,760	0	0	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	650	330	315	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	380	180	205
English	630	325	310	4,078,135	2,042,220	2,035,915	375	180	200
French	10	5	5	64,440	32,960	31,485	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	15,525	7,680	7,840	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	0	5	0	63,735	25,925	37,810	0	0	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	650	330	315	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	380	180	205
Single responses	635	320	310	4,055,375	2,028,210	2,027,165	350	165	190
Official languages	580	295	280	3,148,690	1,591,780	1,556,910	225	110	120
English	565	290	270	3,083,840	1,558,570	1,525,265	225	110	120
French	10	5	5	64,855	33,210	31,645	0	0	0
Non-official languages	60	25	35	906,680	436,430	470,250	120	55	65
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	17,200	8,165	9,035	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15,155	7,265	7,890	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,470	1,160	1,315	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,370	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,365	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	1,590	705	890	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	1,305	650	655	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	9,255	4,495	4,760	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	385	180	205	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,345	610	735	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,335	605	725	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,075	495	585	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	145	40	100	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	115	35	80	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	445	205	235	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	360	175	180	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	25	35	889,485	428,270	461,215	120	55	65
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	82,270	42,330	39,935	35	15	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	335	185	150	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	95	60	30	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	14,995	7,485	7,515	5	0	5
Bilen	0	0	0	650	345	300	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	3,485	1,780	1,705	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10,750	5,280	5,470	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	66,720	34,555	32,165	30	15	20
Amharic	0	0	0	8,165	3,925	4,245	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	46,425	24,385	22,045	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	835	405	430	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	445	225	220	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	215	105	110	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	885	455	425	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10,065	5,210	4,855	15	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	50	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	25,655	11,520	14,135	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,775	800	975	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	23,705	10,615	13,090	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	175	100	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	131,755	58,110	73,640	55	25	30
Bikol	0	0	0	535	235	295	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,265	985	1,285	5	5	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	5,210	2,300	2,910	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	2,370	1,005	1,370	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	7,440	3,325	4,110	5	5	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,275	510	765	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	370	155	220	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	165	80	90	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,275	620	650	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	515	235	280	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	108,395	47,810	60,590	35	15	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	415	195	225	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,075	475	605	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	1,745	875	875	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	270	130	140	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	420	215	210	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	17,170	8,845	8,330	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	585	295	295	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	8,785	4,450	4,330	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	4,950	2,610	2,340	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,715	1,425	1,295	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	200	110	90	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	10	15	454,815	224,310	230,505	25	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	2,345	1,250	1,100	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	5	70,185	32,420	37,760	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	885	405	475	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	365	165	205	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	515	240	275	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	5	69,305	32,020	37,285	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,300	640	660	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0	2,700	1,265	1,435	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	365	185	185	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	17,540	8,130	9,410	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	17,735	7,850	9,890	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	10,350	5,085	5,270	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,860	905	960	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	4,260	2,105	2,155	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	4,040	1,975	2,065	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	100	90	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0	1,865	910	950	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	555	245	305	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	16,750	7,630	9,125	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	295	165	130	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	75	45	25	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	20	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	145	75	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	93,145	45,830	47,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	5	60,990	29,660	31,325	0	0	0
German	5	0	5	59,835	29,055	30,775	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,045	550	495	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	28,670	14,425	14,245	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	3,150	1,555	1,595	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	13,140	6,605	6,535	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,060	1,545	1,510	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	8,815	4,455	4,355	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	245	120	125	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,540	1,615	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	1,850	945	910	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	525	245	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	680	310	370	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,820	1,430	1,385	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	197,415	100,095	97,320	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	176,130	89,315	86,820	5	5	0
Assamese	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,735	3,900	3,835	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	15,330	7,920	7,415	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	18,815	9,525	9,285	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,625	720	905	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	345	170	180	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	1,910	970	935	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5,900	3,035	2,865	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	185	100	90	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	91,070	46,205	44,870	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	345	340	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	2,700	1,380	1,325	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	28,635	14,425	14,210	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	945	495	445	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	21,225	10,750	10,470	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,010	1,035	975	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,960	1,505	1,460	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	16,065	8,115	7,955	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	5,005	2,490	2,515	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	9,030	4,585	4,445	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,035	1,040	995	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	0	88,045	42,845	45,205	15	5	10
Catalan	0	0	0	70	30	45	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	5	9,505	4,745	4,755	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	9,910	4,750	5,165	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	7,425	3,635	3,790	0	0	0
Spanish	5	5	0	61,090	29,655	31,435	15	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5	4,575	1,550	3,025	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	19,240	8,935	10,305	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	565	255	310	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	16,500	8,265	8,235	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,660	855	800	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	245	125	115	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	225	125	95	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	1,380	725	650	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,135	550	585	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	200	100	95	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	390	190	205	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	655	305	350	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	1,105	530	580	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	150	50	100	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	2,455	1,165	1,290	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	265	145	115	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	3,205	1,710	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,265	1,090	1,170	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	2,450	1,275	1,175	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	1,040	575	470	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	625	290	335	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	650	340	310	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	695	370	330	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	0	118,025	54,995	63,030	5	5	0
Chinese languages	10	5	0	115,870	53,935	61,940	5	5	0
Hakka	0	0	0	880	405	470	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	54,135	25,165	28,970	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,400	1,040	1,360	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	440	215	225	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	56,280	26,280	30,005	5	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,605	760	845	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	2,055	1,015	1,040	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	415	205	215	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	725	365	355	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	585	290	290	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	670	335	335	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	3,040	1,110	1,935	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	950	460	490	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	2,010	620	1,390	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	4,335	2,360	1,975	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	440	235	200	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,290	1,825	1,460	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	240	130	110	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	65	75	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	6,120	2,890	3,230	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	700	285	415	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5	5,255	2,530	2,725	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	85	80	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	10	5	166,455	80,575	85,890	35	15	20
English and French	10	5	5	17,600	8,520	9,085	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	131,195	63,735	67,465	30	15	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,125	1,535	1,590	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,425	1,160	1,270	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	12,105	5,625	6,480	0	0	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	650	330	315	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	380	180	205
English	595	300	295	3,183,975	1,606,395	1,577,580	245	115	125
French	0	0	0	15,490	7,660	7,835	0	0	0
Non-official language	5	0	5	272,985	131,515	141,475	25	10	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	3,700	1,890	1,805	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	5	0	5	269,280	129,620	139,665	25	10	15
English and French	10	10	0	41,100	19,580	21,515	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	664,935	323,185	341,750	110	50	55
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,590	725	865	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	17,280	8,175	9,105	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	24,475	11,545	12,930	5	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	650	330	315	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	380	180	205
Single responses	645	330	320	4,054,960	2,027,555	2,027,400	345	160	190
Official languages	625	320	305	3,504,300	1,758,870	1,745,425	280	135	145
English	625	320	305	3,481,545	1,747,645	1,733,895	280	135	145
French	0	0	0	22,755	11,225	11,530	0	0	0
Non-official languages	20	10	15	550,665	268,690	281,975	60	25	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	7,175	3,615	3,565	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	6,355	3,210	3,140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	965	490	475	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	475	235	240	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	290	150	145	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,510	2,275	2,230	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	685	345	340	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	680	340	340	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	585	300	290	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	10	15	543,490	265,075	278,415	60	25	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	52,375	26,290	26,085	20	5	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	165	85	80	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10,170	5,010	5,155	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	2,580	1,305	1,270	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	7,045	3,425	3,620	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	41,920	21,120	20,800	20	5	10
Amharic	0	0	0	5,025	2,385	2,635	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	28,040	14,195	13,840	10	0	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	630	310	325	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	310	155	160	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	415	215	200	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,600	3,905	3,700	5	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	35	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	17,075	7,795	9,285	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	975	430	545	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	15,945	7,280	8,670	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	155	90	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	82,190	38,845	43,345	25	10	15
Bikol	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,250	595	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,990	1,435	1,555	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,290	610	680	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	4,450	2,075	2,375	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	435	215	220	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	210	95	120	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	65	30	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	700	330	370	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5	69,570	32,865	36,705	20	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	1,010	485	525	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	235	115	115	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	205	105	100	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	11,840	5,985	5,855	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	305	150	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	6,270	3,150	3,120	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	3,480	1,790	1,690	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,705	860	845	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	130	75	60	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	5	265,460	131,850	133,610	15	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0	1,040	550	490	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	245	115	125	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	28,760	13,815	14,945	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	345	175	170	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	205	105	105	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	28,415	13,640	14,775	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	595	290	305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	765	365	400	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	6,810	3,230	3,575	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10,885	5,205	5,680	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,370	2,105	2,265	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,525	740	785	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,055	990	1,065	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	585	285	295	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	105	50	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,080	1,990	2,090	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	40,925	20,195	20,730	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	29,275	14,360	14,920	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	29,025	14,235	14,790	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	11,310	5,675	5,630	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,720	850	870	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,520	725	800	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,280	1,170	1,115	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5,620	2,850	2,770	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	130	55	75	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	935	430	505	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	146,225	73,640	72,580	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	132,370	66,780	65,590	5	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	5,085	2,505	2,580	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10,620	5,435	5,185	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	12,295	6,225	6,075	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	830	345	480	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	1,145	570	570	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	4,280	2,200	2,080	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	75,180	38,085	37,090	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	405	205	200	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,595	790	805	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	20,080	9,990	10,085	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	13,835	6,850	6,980	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,310	655	660	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,920	960	960	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10,495	5,190	5,310	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	2,990	1,435	1,560	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,150	3,065	3,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	0	47,235	23,055	24,180	5	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	2,140	915	1,220	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,585	2,230	2,355	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	3,525	1,745	1,775	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	36,925	18,135	18,790	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,195	920	1,275	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	14,510	6,915	7,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	360	165	200	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,470	3,055	3,415	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	750	370	380	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	445	215	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	565	255	315	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	330	160	175	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	375	180	195	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	1,100	505	595	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	175	100	80	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	670	300	375	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,265	640	625	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	560	310	245	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	280	135	145	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,325	765	560	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,065	610	455	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	150	105	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	0	81,325	38,350	42,970	5	5	0
Chinese languages	5	0	0	79,775	37,570	42,200	5	5	0
Hakka	0	0	0	310	125	180	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	40,005	19,245	20,765	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	985	405	575	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	265	130	140	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	37,205	17,195	20,010	5	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	965	455	505	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,505	765	745	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	250	125	125	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	565	280	280	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	460	230	225	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	510	265	245	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,410	655	755	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	430	205	230	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	930	430	495	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	2,685	1,405	1,285	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	235	115	120	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,180	1,145	1,035	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,805	860	945	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	110	55	50	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,675	795	880	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	166,875	81,225	85,650	35	15	15
English and French	0	0	0	8,010	3,875	4,130	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	152,980	74,600	78,375	35	15	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	770	345	430	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,755	845	915	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	3,355	1,560	1,795	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	645	330	315	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	380	180	205
None	605	300	300	3,610,710	1,812,855	1,797,850	300	145	155
English	10	5	5	224,860	111,370	113,495	30	10	15
French	10	5	0	30,900	14,530	16,375	0	0	0
Non-official language	25	10	10	279,795	133,050	146,750	35	15	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10,470	4,835	5,630	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	10	269,325	128,210	141,115	35	15	20
English and French	0	0	0	2,825	1,370	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	34,750	17,340	17,410	10	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,875	3,655	4,220	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	565	295	275	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	29,550	14,325	15,225	15	5	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	655	315	345	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	390	175	215
Official languages	650	310	345	4,113,035	2,061,660	2,051,375	385	170	210
English	650	310	345	4,109,720	2,060,230	2,049,495	385	170	210
French	35	15	25	260,415	119,860	140,560	15	0	10
Non-official languages	90	40	50	1,215,795	587,465	628,325	130	50	75
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	32,910	15,640	17,275	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	29,220	13,945	15,275	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	6,605	3,085	3,515	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	22,000	10,590	11,410	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	21,980	10,585	11,395	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	190	100	90	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	4,265	1,840	2,425	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	2,155	1,060	1,100	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15,405	7,600	7,800	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,050	480	570	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	1,020	470	555	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	635	290	345	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,510	1,145	1,365	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,490	1,140	1,350	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,760	840	920	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	395	165	230	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	285	120	165	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	125	45	80	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	160	55	100	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	10	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	1,155	580	580	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	200	105	95	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	890	455	430	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	35	65	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	40	50	1,183,510	572,060	611,450	130	50	75
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	123,440	63,820	59,620	60	35	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	630	370	260	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	180	135	45	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	40	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	845	500	345	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	810	470	335	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	35	30	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	20,915	10,520	10,385	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	810	415	385	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5,390	2,775	2,610	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	14,865	7,395	7,475	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	105,580	54,910	50,670	55	30	20
Amharic	0	0	0	15,775	8,070	7,700	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	76,760	40,430	36,335	40	20	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	1,125	625	495	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	435	255	190	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	235	125	105	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,710	1,935	1,770	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	15,380	7,855	7,515	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	420	285	130	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	35,940	16,645	19,295	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,685	1,275	1,410	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	33,020	15,240	17,785	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	390	225	165	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	181,630	80,370	101,260	35	15	25
Bikol	0	0	0	1,140	605	535	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,010	1,285	1,720	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	8,560	3,850	4,710	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	330	170	165	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	3,750	1,590	2,160	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	13,710	5,825	7,885	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	2,410	1,045	1,355	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	615	230	380	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	175	95	80	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	1,705	805	900	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	2,670	1,210	1,465	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	1,215	560	660	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	172,625	76,255	96,375	35	10	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	1,015	460	550	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,045	2,295	2,750	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	5,360	2,730	2,630	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	1,435	765	670	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	480	210	275	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	530	260	270	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	30	25	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,250	670	585	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,160	580	580	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25,790	13,240	12,545	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	1,785	915	870	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	12,090	6,195	5,890	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,105	5,340	4,760	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	5,040	2,575	2,465	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	25	30	607,625	300,360	307,265	25	0	25
Albanian	0	0	0	3,130	1,730	1,405	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	795	440	355	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0	15	88,305	41,660	46,640	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	975	425	545	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	330	130	195	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	650	300	350	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	0	15	87,775	41,425	46,350	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	280	120	165	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,680	800	880	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	3,880	1,930	1,950	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	635	295	345	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	22,385	10,655	11,730	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	29,760	14,030	15,725	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	40	35	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	13,860	6,820	7,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,470	1,675	1,795	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,945	3,440	3,510	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	6,415	3,155	3,260	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	2,540	1,165	1,375	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	770	335	440	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	23,340	10,625	12,715	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	15	10	107,065	53,150	53,915	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	385	175	210	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	66,405	33,105	33,300	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	65,370	32,550	32,820	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,585	785	800	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	215	135	85	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	38,720	19,390	19,320	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5,940	3,005	2,935	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	17,170	8,515	8,655	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,055	2,030	2,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	290	150	140	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	11,395	5,810	5,590	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	370	180	195	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0	5,305	2,545	2,760	0	0	0
Danish	10	0	0	2,525	1,295	1,225	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	135	45	85	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	1,235	555	680	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,620	760	855	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	4,645	2,365	2,280	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	266,095	135,440	130,660	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	10	242,500	123,495	119,005	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,675	5,385	5,285	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	24,780	12,630	12,150	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	94,015	48,065	45,945	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	3,495	1,550	1,945	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	860	430	425	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	4,030	2,080	1,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	6,995	3,620	3,370	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	245	115	135	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	126,385	64,695	61,690	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	1,380	755	620	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	3,960	1,950	2,010	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	51,540	26,420	25,125	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,155	970	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	27,205	13,830	13,380	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	95	60	35	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,510	1,335	1,180	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	4,550	2,335	2,220	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	20,940	10,630	10,310	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	7,385	3,640	3,745	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	11,130	5,755	5,370	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,710	1,390	1,320	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	105	100	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	185	130	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	154,035	74,195	79,845	25	0	25
Catalan	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	19,480	9,525	9,960	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	14,645	7,290	7,355	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	9,765	4,930	4,830	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	116,070	55,430	60,640	25	0	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	455	270	185	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	300	135	165	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10,925	4,845	6,080	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	23,030	10,705	12,325	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	790	355	435	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	41,335	20,960	20,375	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	3,555	1,805	1,755	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	735	400	335	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	475	270	205	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	515	265	255	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	730	350	380	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	420	205	210	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	4,685	2,390	2,295	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,955	1,010	945	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,555	790	765	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	330	180	145	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	950	465	480	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,305	675	630	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	2,160	1,035	1,130	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	320	140	180	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	9,495	5,040	4,455	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	730	400	330	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10,490	5,265	5,220	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	6,385	3,160	3,230	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	3,615	1,890	1,725	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	1,595	850	740	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	745	355	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,285	695	590	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	440	240	200	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	6,525	2,455	4,070	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5,685	2,100	3,585	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	970	415	550	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	144,545	68,355	76,190	0	0	0
Chinese languages	15	10	10	141,465	66,830	74,635	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	1,450	630	820	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	82,095	38,175	43,915	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	4,250	1,825	2,425	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	615	280	335	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	74,960	35,260	39,700	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,795	860	930	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	3,035	1,510	1,520	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	895	450	450	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	1,095	555	545	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	970	485	480	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	825	435	390	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	325	135	195	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	75	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	4,335	1,770	2,565	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,515	755	760	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,030	1,125	1,905	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220	90	130	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	7,450	4,015	3,435	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	950	500	445	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,830	3,285	2,540	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	205	80	120	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	435	225	210	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	260	110	140	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	7,950	3,810	4,140	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	245	105	135	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,020	480	540	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	6,700	3,235	3,465	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,135	630	505	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	655	315	345	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	390	175	215
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	30	20	10	284,470	137,665	146,800	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	30	20	10	276,060	133,625	142,435	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	145,640	70,360	75,285	0	0	0
Métis	20	15	10	127,470	61,780	65,690	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	2,945	1,480	1,465	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	4,785	2,435	2,350	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	3,620	1,610	2,010	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	630	290	340	3,893,245	1,950,565	1,942,685	385	175	210
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	655	315	345	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	390	175	215
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	20	15	0	126,530	61,050	65,485	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	635	295	340	4,051,185	2,027,185	2,024,000	385	175	210
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	150	...	...
Owner	220	...	...	1,157,495	...	...	100	...	...
Renter	60	...	...	465,220	...	...	50	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	150	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	294,875	...	...	135	...	...
Not condominium	285	...	...	1,338,345	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	150	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	9,160	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	15	...	...	158,300	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	20	...	...	350,400	...	...	25	...	...
3 bedrooms	150	...	...	566,750	...	...	105	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	95	...	...	548,610	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	150	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	25	...	...	427,120	...	...	45	...	...
5 rooms	35	...	...	258,680	...	...	35	...	...
6 rooms	55	...	...	235,145	...	...	30	...	...
7 rooms	45	...	...	206,130	...	...	30	...	...
8 or more rooms	125	...	...	506,150	...	...	20	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	6.4	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	150	...	...
One person or fewer per room	275	...	...	1,589,600	...	...	140	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	43,620	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	150	...	...
Suitable	270	...	...	1,556,960	...	...	140	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	76,260	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	150	...	...
1960 or before	40	...	...	168,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	235	...	...	428,655	...	...	110	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	188,550	...	...	25	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	224,315	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	152,840	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	168,905	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	161,095	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	139,935	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	150	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	250	...	...	1,543,795	...	...	140	...	...
Major repairs needed	30	...	...	89,420	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	150	...	...
One-maintainer household	145	...	...	802,915	...	...	80	...	...
Two-maintainer household	120	...	...	745,175	...	...	60	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	85,130	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	150	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	51,475	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	20	...	...	260,820	...	...	35	...	...
35 to 44 years	55	...	...	341,390	...	...	25	...	...
45 to 54 years	40	...	...	304,080	...	...	15	...	...
55 to 64 years	80	...	...	311,335	...	...	30	...	...
65 to 74 years	20	...	...	222,825	...	...	25	...	...
75 to 84 years	45	...	...	105,505	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	20	...	...	35,775	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	285	...	...	1,588,960	...	...	155	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	240	...	...	1,251,370	...	...	105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	45	...	...	337,585	...	...	50	...	...
30% to less than 100%	45	...	...	306,355	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	463,775	...	...	55	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	35	...	...	304,300	...	...	40	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	58,970	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	25	...	...	61,750	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	11,080	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	21,460	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	5,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	740	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	200	...	...	1,169,450	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	280	...	...	1,557,725	...	...	145	...	...
In core need	20	...	...	154,230	...	...	30	...	...
Not in core need	270	...	...	1,403,495	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	220	...	...	1,131,995	...	...	100	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.5	...	...	64.2	...	...	70.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.6	...	...	16.0	...	...	35.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.6	...	...	16.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,220	...	...	1,600	...	...	1,260	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,420	...	...	1,678	...	...	1,140	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	460,000	...	...	400,000	...	...	190,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	492,000	...	...	448,800	...	...	208,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	65	...	...	463,570	...	...	55	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	9.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	34.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	20.7	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380	...	...	1,280	...	...	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...	1,332	...	...	1,280	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	5.5	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	302	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	350	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	660	310	345	4,177,715	2,088,230	2,089,480	390	180	215
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	135,650	66,545	69,110	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	131,200	64,375	66,820	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	101,455	49,465	51,990	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	28,695	14,340	14,355	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	1,050	570	480	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	4,455	2,175	2,285	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	4,090	1,985	2,100	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	160	75	90	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	160	85	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	20	15	0	187,365	90,475	96,890	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	20	15	0	180,640	87,270	93,375	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	102,335	49,695	52,640	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	76,055	36,420	39,640	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,255	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	6,720	3,210	3,515	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	6,150	2,915	3,235	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	205	130	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	640	300	340	3,854,695	1,931,210	1,923,485	390	180	215
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	655	310	345	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	390	180	210
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	640	310	335	3,792,705	1,903,020	1,889,685	320	150	170
Canadian citizens aged under 18	95	50	40	900,670	463,925	436,745	100	40	55
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	550	260	290	2,892,035	1,439,095	1,452,945	225	105	110
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	10	0	10	385,010	185,215	199,795	70	30	40
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	655	310	345	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	390	180	210
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	590	295	295	3,141,915	1,585,765	1,556,150	265	120	150
Immigrants⁸¹	60	15	45	970,970	468,250	502,725	125	55	65
Before 1980	10	0	0	127,275	62,275	65,005	15	10	0
1980 to 1990	15	0	15	91,320	44,550	46,770	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	126,605	60,125	66,480	20	10	10
2001 to 2010	20	0	15	239,260	115,815	123,445	30	10	20
2011 to 2021⁸²	0	0	0	386,510	185,485	201,025	65	30	35
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	193,335	93,675	99,665	35	15	20
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	193,175	91,810	101,360	35	20	15
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	64,830	34,215	30,610	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	60	20	45	970,975	468,250	502,725	125	55	65
Under 5 years	0	0	0	85,135	43,645	41,485	20	10	0
5 to 14 years	15	0	10	169,075	87,630	81,440	20	10	10
15 to 24 years	25	0	20	175,855	81,330	94,525	30	10	15
25 to 44 years	25	10	10	450,070	213,555	236,510	55	25	30
45 years and over	0	0	0	90,845	42,090	48,760	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	60	20	45	970,975	468,250	502,725	125	55	65
Americas	0	0	0	110,855	51,790	59,065	20	10	15
Brazil	0	0	0	3,800	1,590	2,210	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	10,385	4,855	5,535	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,940	3,340	3,600	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	2,375	1,175	1,205	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	1,370	745	625	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	8,695	4,160	4,530	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	17,990	8,935	9,055	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,905	825	1,075	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	3,360	1,560	1,800	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	30,540	13,490	17,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	23,500	11,110	12,395	0	0	0
Europe	15	0	15	180,590	90,195	90,395	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	4,335	2,155	2,185	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	3,405	1,710	1,700	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	2,720	1,330	1,390	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	16,635	8,000	8,635	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	855	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	3,080	1,505	1,580	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	6,990	3,605	3,380	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	12,730	6,680	6,050	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	15,595	7,280	8,315	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	3,730	1,895	1,835	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	7,190	3,585	3,605	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,470	3,205	4,260	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	2,220	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	8,915	4,050	4,870	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	56,675	29,555	27,125	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	26,990	13,535	13,460	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	119,295	60,715	58,580	45	25	25
Algeria	0	0	0	1,220	665	560	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	3,215	1,640	1,575	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	6,760	3,660	3,095	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	9,720	5,230	4,495	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	14,420	7,085	7,340	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	2,130	1,100	1,035	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	21,065	10,925	10,145	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	8,545	4,260	4,285	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	8,960	4,430	4,535	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	43,250	21,720	21,530	0	0	0
Asia	40	15	20	549,965	260,520	289,440	65	30	35
Afghanistan	0	0	0	6,585	3,235	3,350	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	8,865	4,625	4,245	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	6,220	3,225	2,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,960	5,375	4,585	25	15	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	9,975	5,310	4,665	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	2,830	1,575	1,260	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	61,390	27,935	33,455	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	18,725	9,090	9,630	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	16,180	7,545	8,635	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	3,395	1,415	1,980	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	167,735	74,205	93,530	35	15	25
Viet Nam	0	0	0	27,880	12,700	15,180	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	6,035	3,080	2,960	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	122,150	61,405	60,740	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	30,810	15,690	15,120	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	4,930	2,490	2,445	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	46,305	21,615	24,690	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	10,275	5,030	5,240	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	193,170	91,815	101,360	35	20	15
Americas	0	0	0	19,300	8,985	10,320	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,365	555	810	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,310	535	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	220	135	85	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	2,130	985	1,145	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	4,165	2,140	2,025	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	5,175	2,460	2,715	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,220	525	695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,715	1,645	2,070	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	15,750	7,955	7,795	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	405	200	200	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	750	310	445	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	1,060	640	425	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	470	285	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	1,090	395	695	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,045	920	1,125	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	3,800	2,170	1,630	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	6,135	3,045	3,090	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	34,320	16,870	17,450	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	155	50	105	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	450	220	230	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	905	385	520	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,190	595	595	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	5,120	2,665	2,450	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	3,960	1,865	2,100	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	510	215	290	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	9,840	4,950	4,890	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	1,960	970	985	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,950	1,025	930	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	1,135	530	605	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	250	150	105	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	5,725	2,680	3,040	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	122,360	57,210	65,145	15	10	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,350	655	700	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	9,495	4,095	5,400	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	730	330	395	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	31,815	16,070	15,745	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	1,420	665	750	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	1,305	625	680	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	660	365	295	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	335	50	285	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	455	235	220	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,425	1,440	1,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	955	455	500	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	1,365	670	695	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	4,085	1,950	2,130	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	47,605	21,395	26,215	10	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	690	360	325	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	740	370	365	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	7,295	3,900	3,400	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	845	405	440	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	375	315	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,760	580	1,180	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	4,205	1,670	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	1,445	785	655	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	940	510	430	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	500	280	220	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	655	315	345	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	390	175	215
First generation¹⁰⁰	65	20	50	1,074,140	522,255	551,885	125	60	70
Second generation¹⁰¹	120	65	55	777,505	391,285	386,215	105	40	70
Third generation or more¹⁰²	470	235	240	2,326,075	1,174,690	1,151,385	155	80	80
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	50	15	35	843,700	405,975	437,720	110	50	60
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	35	10	25	471,325	236,805	234,520	30	10	20
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	20	10	15	192,785	116,035	76,755	20	0	20
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15	0	10	278,535	120,765	157,765	15	10	0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	15	0	10	240,090	98,410	141,680	25	10	15
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	123,970	66,715	57,255	50	25	30
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	8,315	4,050	4,265	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	50	15	35	843,700	405,975	437,720	110	50	60
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	29,815	17,215	12,595	30	10	20
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	0	0	126,640	57,515	69,125	25	0	20
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	24,340	12,430	11,910	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	10	47,540	25,735	21,805	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	3,740	1,430	2,305	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	35	10	20	611,625	291,650	319,975	60	30	25
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	655	315	345	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	390	175	215
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	70	30	40	1,161,420	571,535	589,885	180	80	100
South Asian	20	10	10	297,650	152,030	145,620	0	0	0
Chinese	30	20	20	164,235	79,520	84,710	0	0	0
Black	0	0	0	177,940	90,375	87,570	65	25	35
Filipino	0	0	0	216,710	99,540	117,170	45	15	25
Arab	0	0	0	69,505	36,555	32,955	40	25	15
Latin American	0	0	0	66,520	32,115	34,405	25	0	20
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	54,005	25,215	28,790	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	25,075	12,835	12,240	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	24,365	11,600	12,770	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	13,560	6,135	7,425	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	12,100	5,985	6,120	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	39,745	19,625	20,120	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	585	280	305	3,016,295	1,516,700	1,499,605	210	100	110
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	655	310	340	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	385	175	210
Canadian	110	55	55	484,655	251,795	232,860	80	55	30
English	170	75	95	766,070	376,940	389,130	50	25	35
Irish	215	100	115	561,915	270,440	291,470	15	10	10
Scottish	160	80	80	631,015	309,855	321,160	70	30	40
French, n.o.s.¹²²	35	20	15	340,900	167,270	173,635	0	0	0
German	165	85	85	641,025	317,325	323,705	30	0	30
Chinese	35	15	20	177,990	85,545	92,440	0	0	0
Italian	20	15	0	98,730	49,855	48,875	0	0	0
Indian (India)	15	0	10	155,700	79,060	76,640	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	10	0	343,640	169,070	174,575	30	0	20
Dutch	40	35	10	174,625	87,015	87,610	10	0	0
Polish	25	10	15	169,925	82,005	87,915	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	5,380	2,810	2,570	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	35	25	15	124,835	63,065	61,770	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	203,955	94,020	109,935	45	20	30
French Canadian	0	0	0	32,365	15,655	16,710	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	73,475	37,700	35,780	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	73,355	35,940	37,415	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	115,455	55,915	59,535	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	70,790	36,360	34,425	0	0	0
Russian	20	0	20	97,890	46,455	51,435	15	0	15
Norwegian	35	20	20	154,535	74,455	80,085	20	10	10
Welsh	0	0	0	76,810	36,840	39,970	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	21,415	10,745	10,680	0	0	0
American	20	15	0	66,100	32,535	33,560	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	40,165	18,395	21,770	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	0	92,975	43,950	49,025	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	51,360	25,175	26,185	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	10,110	5,175	4,935	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	39,535	20,140	19,390	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	34,225	17,015	17,210	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	14,405	7,195	7,210	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	37,585	19,270	18,315	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	39,395	18,815	20,580	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	23,860	12,675	11,185	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	13,980	7,290	6,690	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	15,620	7,845	7,775	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	31,255	15,030	16,225	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	62,465	30,145	32,315	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	24,170	11,505	12,660	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	31,530	14,880	16,650	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	28,480	14,600	13,880	20	15	10
Iranian	0	0	0	10,550	5,380	5,165	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	14,380	7,135	7,240	0	0	0
Danish	45	15	30	56,190	27,550	28,640	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	26,435	12,745	13,695	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	28,860	15,005	13,855	0	0	0
Austrian	10	10	0	36,220	17,895	18,325	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	21,985	10,715	11,270	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	2,460	1,255	1,200	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	20,535	10,485	10,050	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	25,450	12,870	12,580	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	31,565	15,825	15,740	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	22,450	11,045	11,405	0	0	0
Finnish	25	10	15	18,705	9,040	9,665	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	5,140	2,600	2,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	13,720	6,830	6,890	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	18,605	8,565	10,040	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	8,945	4,525	4,420	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	8,305	4,030	4,275	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	25,800	13,080	12,720	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	12,420	6,350	6,065	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	9,585	5,080	4,505	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	12,105	5,985	6,125	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	3,160	1,645	1,515	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	19,720	9,865	9,850	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	11,115	5,380	5,735	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	2,620	1,375	1,250	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	19,730	9,465	10,260	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	9,520	4,880	4,645	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	3,370	1,715	1,655	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	10,380	5,155	5,225	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	6,880	3,570	3,310	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	7,410	3,655	3,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	4,680	2,280	2,395	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	8,615	4,495	4,125	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	6,715	3,340	3,375	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	3,155	1,505	1,655	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	4,640	2,425	2,215	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	4,595	2,300	2,295	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	6,670	3,725	2,945	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	3,935	2,065	1,870	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	6,525	3,435	3,090	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	1,300	680	620	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	5,000	2,340	2,655	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	14,600	7,585	7,015	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	1,870	930	940	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10,525	5,200	5,320	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	7,430	3,470	3,965	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	16,310	8,160	8,150	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	3,630	1,510	2,120	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	4,725	2,385	2,345	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	7,055	3,475	3,580	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	7,445	3,460	3,980	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	5,800	3,120	2,680	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	3,670	1,735	1,930	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,680	820	860	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,215	995	1,220	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,670	2,635	3,035	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	8,400	4,055	4,345	0	0	0
Australian	10	10	0	8,395	4,275	4,125	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,425	2,365	2,060	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	7,350	3,765	3,590	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	3,540	1,815	1,725	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	2,590	1,280	1,310	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	13,505	6,620	6,875	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	5,735	2,690	3,045	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	2,670	1,270	1,395	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	8,895	4,535	4,360	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	4,535	2,235	2,295	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	995	550	450	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	3,240	1,810	1,430	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	1,535	800	730	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	925	440	485	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	3,860	1,935	1,925	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	5,220	2,505	2,715	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	1,545	790	760	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,210	2,140	2,070	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	11,010	5,580	5,430	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	2,605	1,305	1,305	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	1,920	995	925	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,965	1,020	950	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	8,235	3,925	4,310	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,490	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	26,600	13,605	12,990	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	4,015	2,025	1,995	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	1,725	835	895	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	3,250	1,665	1,585	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	4,085	1,990	2,095	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	855	440	415	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	3,640	1,890	1,745	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	2,125	985	1,140	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	4,170	2,065	2,100	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,240	2,015	2,220	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	250	110	140	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	2,920	1,450	1,470	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	2,190	1,090	1,095	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	2,205	1,060	1,140	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	2,395	1,185	1,210	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	3,640	1,660	1,985	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,460	1,225	1,235	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	6,045	2,785	3,255	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	2,525	1,205	1,320	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	2,405	1,230	1,175	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	1,940	965	980	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	980	465	515	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	320	190	130	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	2,030	1,030	1,000	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	2,640	1,280	1,365	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	4,155	2,040	2,115	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	2,875	1,445	1,430	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	2,195	1,125	1,070	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	1,285	650	635	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,535	1,240	2,295	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	1,005	525	480	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5,140	2,655	2,485	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	225	125	95	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	690	345	350	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5,245	2,750	2,495	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	2,310	1,120	1,190	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	4,220	2,020	2,200	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	11,115	5,290	5,830	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	2,070	1,065	1,005	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,360	645	710	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	3,175	1,630	1,545	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	5,225	2,690	2,530	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	320	155	165	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,180	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	2,640	1,205	1,435	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5,360	2,660	2,705	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	965	470	490	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	240	140	105	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	4,150	1,935	2,210	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	2,200	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	80	55	25	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	495	330	165	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	2,715	1,400	1,315	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	685	330	360	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	1,990	910	1,075	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	550	240	315	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	1,155	575	580	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	5,075	2,745	2,325	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,780	895	880	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	985	450	540	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	2,710	1,315	1,395	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	445	200	250	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	1,175	575	600	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	1,595	845	750	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	665	305	355	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	1,605	860	745	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	600	245	355	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	1,705	900	800	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	255	140	115	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	1,220	590	630	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,405	710	695	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	905	395	515	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	2,075	1,030	1,040	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	310	150	155	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	1,530	740	785	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	520	250	265	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	380	215	155	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	975	500	475	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	1,370	715	650	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	1,785	855	925	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	565	295	270	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	865	440	435	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	850	455	395	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	2,825	1,300	1,530	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	1,115	535	580	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,690	805	885	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	340	185	160	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	250	135	110	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	3,745	2,025	1,715	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	1,500	775	725	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	1,160	565	595	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	1,010	620	395	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	475	235	240	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	840	400	445	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	735	410	330	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	2,535	1,145	1,395	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	2,295	1,120	1,180	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	370	190	185	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	535	235	300	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	585	280	310	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	320	160	165	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	580	310	270	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	655	305	350	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	595	290	305	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	225	120	105	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	1,195	575	620	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	780	340	440	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	1,120	560	560	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	1,145	625	525	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	370	185	190	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	1,755	925	825	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	310	125	185	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	655	315	345	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	390	175	215
Buddhist	0	0	0	42,830	19,140	23,690	0	0	0
Christian	350	135	210	2,009,820	952,440	1,057,385	180	65	115
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	30	10	20	429,375	207,320	222,055	40	10	30
Anabaptist	0	0	0	20,035	10,075	9,960	0	0	0
Anglican	15	10	0	95,560	43,925	51,635	0	0	0
Baptist	25	10	15	44,605	20,650	23,955	0	0	0
Catholic	140	65	75	833,025	399,750	433,275	65	15	45
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	63,775	30,995	32,775	20	10	15
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	18,185	7,955	10,235	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	47,125	22,540	24,580	0	0	0
Lutheran	35	15	20	78,925	36,470	42,455	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	9,640	4,400	5,240	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	53,900	25,250	28,655	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	22,850	10,360	12,495	10	0	10
Reformed	0	0	0	14,735	7,310	7,430	0	0	0
United Church	50	20	30	153,820	67,205	86,615	20	15	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	40	0	35	124,265	58,235	66,030	10	0	10
Hindu	0	0	0	78,520	40,435	38,085	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	11,390	5,475	5,915	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	202,535	103,635	98,900	75	50	30
Sikh	0	0	0	103,600	52,505	51,100	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	19,755	9,640	10,120	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	33,220	14,325	18,905	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	295	170	125	1,676,045	890,645	785,400	125	65	60
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	650	310	345	4,131,540	2,064,715	2,066,825	385	170	210
Non-movers	560	270	290	3,583,005	1,793,310	1,789,695	340	160	175
Movers	95	40	55	548,535	271,400	277,130	40	0	35
Non-migrants	85	40	50	367,325	182,230	185,100	40	0	35
Migrants	0	0	0	181,205	89,170	92,035	0	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	152,655	75,275	77,380	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	107,180	52,880	54,295	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	45,475	22,390	23,090	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	28,555	13,900	14,650	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	640	305	335	3,930,000	1,961,005	1,969,000	360	165	195
Non-movers	480	225	245	2,314,250	1,158,665	1,155,590	225	115	110
Movers	160	70	90	1,615,755	802,340	813,415	130	45	85
Non-migrants	105	40	55	854,765	427,660	427,105	85	25	60
Migrants	60	30	35	760,990	374,680	386,305	45	20	25
Internal migrants	60	30	35	596,980	295,120	301,860	15	0	15
Intraprovincial migrants	40	15	30	431,785	213,950	217,830	10	0	10
Interprovincial migrants	20	10	0	165,195	81,160	84,035	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	164,015	79,565	84,445	25	15	15
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	575	260	315	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	290	140	155
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	95	35	60	595,665	322,765	272,900	85	60	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	480	225	250	2,779,465	1,353,090	1,426,375	210	80	130
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	365	180	185	2,298,165	1,141,780	1,156,380	205	100	105
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	35	15	20	274,480	156,485	117,990	45	35	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	330	160	165	2,023,680	985,290	1,038,390	160	65	95
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	575	260	315	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,275	290	135	155
No certificate, diploma or degree	70	20	50	522,835	275,555	247,275	75	55	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	140	70	70	972,110	482,900	489,215	85	40	50
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	370	175	190	1,880,185	917,400	962,790	130	40	85
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	230	105	125	1,014,810	524,770	490,045	70	10	60
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	65	50	10	295,285	232,120	63,165	10	10	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	20	10	87,195	51,295	35,900	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	35	35	0	208,090	180,830	27,260	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	155	55	100	612,690	250,540	362,145	60	0	55
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	106,840	42,105	64,735	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	135	65	70	865,370	392,625	472,745	55	30	25
Bachelor's degree	110	60	55	605,025	265,105	339,925	55	30	25
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	44,915	19,815	25,100	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	23,880	12,100	11,775	0	0	0
Master's degree	20	0	10	164,245	79,220	85,025	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	27,315	16,385	10,920	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	365	180	185	2,298,160	1,141,780	1,156,385	205	105	105
No certificate, diploma or degree	20	10	10	227,880	126,960	100,920	40	35	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	70	35	35	581,820	298,415	283,405	65	35	35
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	280	135	145	1,488,465	716,410	772,060	95	30	60
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	165	80	85	774,420	401,065	373,355	45	0	40
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25	25	0	220,930	175,185	45,745	0	0	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	10	0	61,815	37,400	24,415	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	20	0	159,110	137,785	21,330	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	125	50	75	472,155	193,510	278,645	30	0	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	81,335	32,370	48,965	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	115	60	60	714,040	315,340	398,700	50	30	25
Bachelor's degree	95	45	50	497,885	213,625	284,260	50	30	25
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	35,125	15,110	20,020	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	20,045	9,435	10,615	0	0	0
Master's degree	20	10	10	139,935	65,290	74,645	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	21,050	11,880	9,165	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	570	260	310	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	290	135	150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	210	90	120	1,494,945	758,460	736,490	160	95	70
Education	20	0	15	129,710	30,305	99,400	0	0	0
13. Education	20	0	15	129,710	30,305	99,400	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	40	15	20	49,820	20,045	29,775	10	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	0	5,805	4,125	1,675	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	10	15	44,015	15,915	28,100	10	0	10
Humanities	20	10	0	75,030	29,415	45,615	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	7,385	1,545	5,845	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	15,425	4,255	11,170	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	24,015	8,710	15,315	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,165	400	760	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,555	3,090	2,465	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	11,680	6,855	4,830	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	8,065	4,165	3,895	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	1,735	400	1,335	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	15	20	177,435	57,365	120,070	25	0	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,750	620	2,130	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	21,730	8,340	13,395	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	29,220	2,090	27,125	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	31,215	10,250	20,965	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	3,045	1,025	2,015	0	0	0
42. Psychology	15	0	0	31,925	7,565	24,355	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	0	0	57,565	27,475	30,085	15	0	10
Business, management and public administration	50	10	40	390,110	151,140	238,975	20	15	10
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	615	160	455	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	23,375	4,465	18,910	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	45	10	40	366,120	146,520	219,605	20	15	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	80,425	40,180	40,245	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	29,505	11,950	17,555	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	18,630	8,340	10,295	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,115	400	715	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	26,315	17,555	8,760	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	4,860	1,930	2,930	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	0	10	71,380	45,230	26,150	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	10	58,030	39,530	18,500	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	4,400	600	3,800	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,770	4,330	3,435	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,190	765	420	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	95	85	10	461,075	411,075	49,995	15	15	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	12,095	7,465	4,625	0	0	0
14. Engineering	30	30	0	114,735	92,365	22,370	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	10	0	106,575	91,350	15,225	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	95,890	92,650	3,240	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20	20	0	82,805	80,150	2,655	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	48,925	47,075	1,850	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	51,710	28,660	23,055	10	0	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	35,010	19,075	15,935	10	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	16,700	9,575	7,120	0	0	0
Health and related fields	55	0	50	295,415	56,225	239,190	25	0	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	20,505	9,625	10,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	50	0	50	267,750	42,785	224,965	25	0	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	475	180	295	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	6,680	3,635	3,050	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	30	15	15	97,660	47,575	50,075	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0	57,430	15,580	41,845	10	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	365	335	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	705	605	100	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	10	19,025	12,445	6,580	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	20,125	18,615	1,520	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	420	190	235	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	365	180	185	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	210	100	105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	85	45	45	809,700	425,375	384,325	110	65	45
Education	15	0	15	92,240	19,980	72,255	0	0	0
13. Education	15	0	15	92,240	19,980	72,255	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	40	20	20	39,730	15,620	24,110	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0	4,065	2,750	1,315	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	10	15	35,665	12,875	22,790	0	0	0
Humanities	15	10	0	58,200	22,205	35,990	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	5,945	1,210	4,740	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	12,145	3,310	8,825	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	19,305	6,800	12,500	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	890	295	590	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	4,385	2,430	1,950	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	0	8,135	4,740	3,395	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,205	3,160	3,040	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	1,190	250	940	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	10	20	146,530	45,555	100,975	20	10	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,315	515	1,800	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	18,890	6,940	11,950	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	23,325	1,630	21,690	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	25,940	7,730	18,210	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,545	825	1,715	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	25,775	5,750	20,025	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	10	0	47,735	22,165	25,570	15	10	10
Business, management and public administration	30	10	20	317,125	121,510	195,615	15	10	10
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	450	135	315	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	18,680	3,200	15,480	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25	10	15	297,995	118,175	179,820	15	10	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	61,555	29,465	32,090	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	23,290	9,185	14,105	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	14,260	6,255	8,010	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	900	315	580	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	19,655	12,320	7,335	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	3,445	1,385	2,055	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	0	10	61,125	39,035	22,085	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	0	51,435	34,910	16,530	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,945	460	2,490	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,775	3,080	2,700	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	965	590	370	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	65	55	10	362,315	318,170	44,135	0	0	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	9,600	5,585	4,020	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	20	0	95,200	75,075	20,125	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	10	0	84,485	71,240	13,245	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	73,955	71,080	2,875	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	61,780	59,485	2,290	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	37,260	35,705	1,555	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	40,085	20,610	19,475	10	0	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	26,160	12,965	13,205	10	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	13,925	7,650	6,275	0	0	0
Health and related fields	50	0	40	232,820	45,895	186,920	20	0	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	16,345	7,640	8,705	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	45	0	40	210,650	35,325	175,320	20	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	400	145	255	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,430	2,785	2,645	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	15	0	76,410	38,205	38,205	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	10	0	43,535	12,080	31,455	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	300	275	25	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	445	390	55	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	15,885	10,385	5,505	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	16,245	15,080	1,165	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	365	180	185	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	210	100	105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	85	45	45	809,700	425,375	384,325	110	65	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	275	135	145	1,488,465	716,405	772,060	95	35	60
Location of study inside Canada	250	120	130	1,157,790	563,035	594,750	55	20	35
Same as province or territory of residence	210	105	105	886,080	429,870	456,210	55	20	30
Different than province or territory of residence	40	15	25	271,710	133,165	138,545	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	30	15	15	330,675	153,370	177,305	40	15	25
Americas	10	0	0	54,515	26,775	27,740	10	10	0
United States of America	0	0	0	34,460	17,900	16,555	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	4,820	2,255	2,565	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	625	300	320	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	190	125	65	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	1,470	665	805	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	2,480	1,000	1,475	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,200	1,335	1,865	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	640	220	420	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	2,395	995	1,400	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,235	1,975	2,265	0	0	0
Europe	10	10	0	54,920	28,570	26,350	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	510	320	190	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	2,005	1,045	960	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	3,195	1,670	1,520	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	2,110	1,215	890	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	945	515	435	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	645	310	335	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	980	445	540	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	3,150	1,350	1,805	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	2,790	1,455	1,335	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	3,450	1,515	1,935	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	4,305	1,940	2,365	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	1,865	1,115	750	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	20,280	11,190	9,090	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	730	375	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	660	360	300	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	755	365	390	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	6,550	3,385	3,165	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	26,775	13,770	13,005	10	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	7,795	3,825	3,970	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	670	345	325	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	1,085	615	475	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	505	305	200	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,230	1,665	1,565	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	3,660	1,885	1,770	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	9,830	5,130	4,700	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	188,060	80,750	107,315	20	0	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,440	1,605	1,835	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	1,435	730	705	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	655	350	305	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,500	695	805	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	1,370	700	660	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	895	540	360	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	17,320	7,525	9,795	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	960	245	715	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	1,245	425	820	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,935	530	1,405	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	6,990	2,990	4,000	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	74,205	29,080	45,130	15	0	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,500	545	955	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,470	990	1,490	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	1,280	685	595	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	52,120	24,905	27,215	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	10,355	4,710	5,645	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	8,390	3,510	4,885	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	6,410	3,505	2,905	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	4,880	2,560	2,320	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	1,105	680	425	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	425	265	160	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	575	260	315	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,280	290	135	155
In the labour force	360	175	185	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,425	220	105	105
Employed	320	150	170	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,135	175	95	80
Unemployed	40	25	15	264,650	138,365	126,290	45	20	30
Not in the labour force	215	85	130	1,079,750	459,900	619,845	70	30	45
Participation rate	62.6	67.3	58.7	68.0	72.6	63.5	75.9	77.8	67.7
Employment rate	55.7	57.7	54.0	60.2	64.3	56.1	60.3	70.4	51.6
Unemployment rate	11.1	14.3	8.1	11.5	11.4	11.7	20.5	19.0	28.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	570	260	310	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	290	135	150
Did not work¹⁸⁶	240	100	140	1,140,745	497,150	643,595	115	50	70
Worked	335	160	175	2,234,385	1,178,705	1,055,680	170	85	85
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	185	95	90	1,164,455	670,620	493,835	90	65	25
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	145	65	80	1,069,930	508,085	561,840	85	30	55
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	41.2	40.4	40.8	41.5	39.9	36.2	40.8	31.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	360	175	180	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	215	110	110
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	15	10	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	345	170	185	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	205	100	100
Employee	285	120	160	1,876,950	967,450	909,500	165	80	90
Permanent position	245	100	140	1,560,435	814,805	745,625	145	65	80
Temporary position	40	20	25	316,520	152,640	163,880	20	15	10
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	97,610	44,060	53,555	0	0	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	30	15	15	218,905	108,585	110,320	20	10	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	65	45	20	347,975	213,655	134,320	35	20	15
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	360	175	180	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	215	110	110
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	15	10	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	345	170	185	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	205	100	100
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	23,120	16,455	6,665	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	75	15	60	373,795	110,275	263,520	35	30	10
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35	35	0	182,880	140,540	42,340	0	0	0
3 Health occupations	30	0	30	182,480	34,585	147,895	10	0	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	40	15	20	246,625	82,115	164,510	35	0	30
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	0	10	51,815	21,140	30,675	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	90	30	60	538,930	232,640	306,285	65	10	50
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	50	45	0	441,955	399,605	42,345	55	55	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	99,430	77,250	22,180	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	10	0	83,895	66,480	17,415	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	360	175	180	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	215	110	110
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	15	10	0
All industries¹⁹¹	345	170	185	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	205	100	100
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	63,965	42,305	21,665	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	112,890	88,690	24,200	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	22,630	15,900	6,735	0	0	0
23 Construction	50	35	15	210,350	177,845	32,505	20	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	10	10	0	118,890	88,735	30,155	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	0	71,580	50,655	20,930	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	40	15	30	253,030	117,605	135,425	35	0	30
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	0	10	128,410	96,000	32,410	40	40	0
51 Information and cultural industries	10	0	10	28,680	16,625	12,055	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	25	10	10	68,355	27,225	41,135	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	39,400	21,625	17,775	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	50	40	15	177,895	99,055	78,840	0	0	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	4,420	2,075	2,345	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	0	0	91,750	51,325	40,430	10	0	10
61 Educational services	15	10	10	149,170	43,775	105,400	10	0	10
62 Health care and social assistance	40	0	35	285,090	51,930	233,155	25	0	25
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	0	0	42,685	20,880	21,805	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	30	10	20	132,930	57,280	75,650	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	10	0	104,530	50,355	54,175	20	15	10
91 Public administration	20	0	15	118,270	61,230	57,040	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	370	180	195	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	220	110	110
English	360	175	185	2,319,940	1,223,960	1,095,975	210	105	105
French	0	0	0	3,840	1,145	2,695	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	14,015	7,470	6,545	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	245	140	105	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	13,770	7,330	6,440	0	0	0
English and French	10	0	0	20,015	8,200	11,815	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	61,830	31,865	29,965	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	45	15	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,550	765	785	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	885	475	410	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	370	180	195	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	220	110	110
Single responses	370	180	195	2,407,485	1,266,360	1,141,120	220	110	105
Official languages	370	180	195	2,381,515	1,252,385	1,129,135	220	110	105
English	365	180	190	2,374,615	1,250,455	1,124,165	220	110	105
French	0	0	0	6,900	1,930	4,970	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	25,965	13,980	11,990	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	765	425	340	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	695	400	300	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	630	355	280	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	630	355	280	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	520	295	220	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	25,200	13,555	11,650	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,025	535	495	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	135	60	80	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	850	450	400	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	100	50	60	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	600	315	280	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,305	500	805	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,275	480	795	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	1,160	540	620	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,065	490	570	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	12,180	7,175	5,010	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	780	300	480	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	780	300	480	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	305	100	200	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	55	35	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,025	1,985	1,045	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,555	970	580	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,540	965	575	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,445	995	455	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	85	50	30	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	330	245	80	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,025	695	330	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5,660	3,440	2,220	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5,435	3,340	2,100	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	280	150	135	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	70	20	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	4,630	2,975	1,655	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	285	125	160	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	210	95	110	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	2,660	1,415	1,245	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	125	75	50	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	75	45	35	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,420	1,275	1,145	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	205	70	135	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	1,250	630	620	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	170	80	85	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	7,340	3,725	3,615	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,605	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	3,105	1,570	1,535	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	4,145	2,095	2,050	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	30	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	170	65	100	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	150	55	90	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	145	115	30	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	145	115	30	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	45	30	15	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	14,630	7,530	7,100	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	2,560	1,105	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,695	6,245	5,440	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	145	65	75	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	190	90	105	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	370	180	195	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	220	110	110
None	365	175	190	2,350,940	1,239,355	1,111,590	215	105	110
English	0	0	0	13,200	6,355	6,840	0	0	0
French	10	0	0	14,630	6,410	8,215	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	36,335	18,310	18,025	10	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	2,125	865	1,255	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	34,210	17,445	16,765	10	10	0
English and French	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,080	540	540	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,125	565	560	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	4,760	2,335	2,420	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	325	150	170	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,140	175	95	80
Worked at home	110	40	70	446,315	211,420	234,900	15	0	15
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	5,430	4,105	1,330	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	40	35	0	319,675	242,835	76,845	55	50	0
Usual place of work	170	70	95	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	105	40	65
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	165	70	95	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	105	40	60
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	160	70	85	902,040	419,240	482,800	105	40	60
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	292,360	157,820	134,535	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	52,590	34,120	18,470	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	12,315	8,060	4,260	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	205	105	105	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	160	90	65
Car, truck or van	170	90	80	1,378,685	765,905	612,775	145	85	55
Car, truck or van - as a driver	165	90	75	1,287,940	730,925	557,015	130	75	50
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	0	90,740	34,980	55,760	15	10	0
Public transit	25	0	20	88,255	39,915	48,345	0	0	0
Walked	0	0	0	62,810	27,445	35,360	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	11,370	7,975	3,395	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	37,865	20,820	17,040	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	205	105	105	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	160	90	65
Less than 15 minutes	65	35	30	487,710	225,360	262,355	30	15	20
15 to 29 minutes	85	50	40	610,485	333,105	277,385	85	55	30
30 to 44 minutes	30	10	15	302,735	184,370	118,365	40	15	20
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	10	87,230	55,475	31,755	10	10	0
60 minutes and over	20	10	10	90,815	63,765	27,050	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	205	105	105	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	160	90	65
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	15	10	116,400	88,060	28,340	15	0	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	35	15	20	296,930	194,765	102,165	30	20	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	55	35	20	424,170	228,535	195,630	45	45	0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	45	20	25	299,145	134,910	164,240	20	0	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	40	10	30	195,835	83,185	112,655	35	15	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15	10	0	246,495	132,620	113,880	15	0	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	115	55	60	971,390	499,245	472,145	95	40	50
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	10	5	67,140	34,000	33,140	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	95	45	50	904,245	465,240	439,005	90	40	50
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	80	35	45	704,490	362,400	342,090	70	30	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	49,735	25,180	24,555	0	0	0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	24,675	12,010	12,665	0	0	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	25,055	13,170	11,890	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	70	30	40	654,755	337,220	317,530	70	30	35

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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