Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48061097More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48062182More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	624	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	815	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	191	...	...	638,160	...	...	295	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	178	...	...	604,628	...	...	291	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,611.1	...	...	126.1	...	...	1,811.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.17	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	0.45	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	625	305	315	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	815	390	425
0 to 14 years	145	75	75	294,075	151,285	142,785	140	65	80
0 to 4 years	55	25	30	89,790	46,155	43,630	50	20	30
5 to 9 years	45	25	20	100,905	51,680	49,225	45	20	25
10 to 14 years	40	20	20	103,380	53,450	49,930	45	25	20
15 to 64 years	435	205	230	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	565	275	295
15 to 19 years	50	20	25	92,025	47,355	44,675	50	25	25
20 to 24 years	60	30	30	91,515	47,260	44,260	50	25	25
25 to 29 years	35	15	20	101,235	50,320	50,915	30	15	15
30 to 34 years	40	15	20	123,235	60,255	62,980	40	20	20
35 to 39 years	50	25	30	132,045	64,950	67,095	60	25	35
40 to 44 years	60	25	30	121,735	60,110	61,625	65	35	30
45 to 49 years	45	25	20	111,345	55,485	55,860	60	30	30
50 to 54 years	45	20	25	103,325	51,835	51,490	85	35	45
55 to 59 years	30	15	10	101,580	50,260	51,320	80	45	40
60 to 64 years	30	10	20	96,735	47,710	49,020	55	20	35
65 years and over	45	30	15	221,795	103,495	118,300	105	55	50
65 to 69 years	20	10	5	78,095	38,250	39,845	35	20	15
70 to 74 years	10	10	5	58,785	28,310	30,475	40	20	15
75 to 79 years	10	0	5	36,570	17,235	19,340	15	10	10
80 to 84 years	5	5	0	23,750	10,405	13,350	10	5	5
85 years and over	0	0	0	24,595	9,300	15,290	5	5	5
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	15,285	6,230	9,050	5	5	5
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.2	24.6	23.8	18.5	19.1	17.8	17.2	16.7	18.8
15 to 64 years	69.6	67.2	73.0	67.6	67.8	67.4	69.3	70.5	69.4
65 years and over	7.2	9.8	4.8	13.9	13.1	14.8	12.9	14.1	11.8
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.5	1.2	1.9	0.6	1.3	1.2
Average age of the population	33.6	34.4	33.0	38.9	38.3	39.6	40.4	40.9	40.1
Median age of the population	33.6	34.8	33.2	38.4	38.0	39.2	43.2	43.6	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	175	...	...	604,630	...	...	290	...	...
Single-detached house	180	...	...	351,925	...	...	290	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	39,065	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	57,180	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	21,855	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	89,225	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	175	...	...	604,630	...	...	290	...	...
1 person	20	...	...	151,770	...	...	35	...	...
2 persons	35	...	...	196,980	...	...	110	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	96,165	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	97,780	...	...	70	...	...
5 or more persons	45	...	...	61,930	...	...	25	...	...
Number of persons in private households	625	305	320	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	815	390	425
Average household size	3.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	480	235	245	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	675	325	350
Married or living common-law	275	135	140	773,480	387,015	386,465	465	230	235
Married	235	115	120	657,160	328,650	328,510	430	210	215
Living common-law	40	20	15	116,320	58,365	57,960	30	15	15
Living common law - Never married	30	10	15	87,265	43,935	43,330	25	10	10
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	0	23,185	11,490	11,690	15	5	10
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	210	100	110	523,090	252,020	271,065	210	100	110
Not married and not living common law - Never married	175	85	90	364,145	197,890	166,255	150	80	75
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	5	5	29,375	12,665	16,710	5	0	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	15	5	5	79,920	30,945	48,970	35	10	30
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	0	5	49,640	10,520	39,125	20	5	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	150	...	...	438,900	...	...	250	...	...
2 persons	40	...	...	204,395	...	...	110	...	...
3 persons	45	...	...	94,815	...	...	55	...	...
4 persons	40	...	...	97,660	...	...	65	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	42,025	...	...	20	...	...
Average size of census families	3.4	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	155	...	...	438,900	...	...	250	...	...
Total couple families	130	...	...	377,050	...	...	235	...	...
Married couples	110	...	...	318,890	...	...	215	...	...
With children⁶	90	...	...	190,345	...	...	125	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	128,545	...	...	90	...	...
Common-law couples	15	...	...	58,160	...	...	15	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	19,165	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	38,995	...	...	10	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	61,850	...	...	20	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	47,785	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	14,065	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	625	305	320	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	815	390	425
Total - Persons in census families	515	250	265	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	745	365	385
Married spouses or common-law partners	265	130	135	754,090	377,085	377,010	460	230	235
Parents in one-parent families	20	0	20	61,855	14,065	47,790	20	5	15
Children⁶	235	120	115	492,710	260,395	232,315	265	125	135
In a two-parent family	185	95	85	396,580	208,580	188,000	235	115	120
In a one-parent family	45	20	25	96,130	51,815	44,315	35	10	20
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	105	55	50	263,280	130,670	132,615	70	25	40
Living alone	20	15	10	151,765	71,605	80,165	40	10	25
Living with other relatives⁷	30	20	10	40,060	17,085	22,975	15	5	10
Living with non-relatives only	55	20	30	71,460	41,975	29,480	15	10	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	180	...	...	604,630	...	...	290	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	105	...	...	375,185	...	...	230	...	...
Couple-family households	95	...	...	328,515	...	...	215	...	...
With children⁶	80	...	...	182,665	...	...	120	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	145,845	...	...	90	...	...
One-parent-family households	10	...	...	46,670	...	...	15	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	20	...	...	20,165	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	4,730	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	15	...	...	22,485	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	30,295	...	...	5	...	...
One-person households	20	...	...	151,765	...	...	40	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	485	235	250	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	675	330	345
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	445	220	225	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	640	310	330
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	36,800	35,200	44,800	52,400	39,200	54,800	66,000	48,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	445	220	225	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	640	310	330
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	33,600	32,000	40,400	46,000	36,000	48,400	57,600	42,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	385	195	190	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	595	290	305
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	34,800	27,800	40,800	50,000	32,400	52,400	64,500	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	360	180	180	922,195	474,800	447,395	500	240	255
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	31,600	28,000	42,400	50,800	34,800	58,800	69,000	48,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	405	195	205	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	545	250	295
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,100	5,440	10,800	7,600	5,600	9,100	6,040	4,320	7,050
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65	30	35	136,975	64,415	72,555	50	20	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,320	6,600	6,320	5,800	5,760	5,880	6,280	x	6,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	190	85	100	384,535	184,820	199,710	170	80	90
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	10,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	540	260	275	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	725	360	365
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	515	250	260	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	675	340	335
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,200	42,000	34,400	65,500	78,400	52,850	76,400	88,800	63,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	515	250	260	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	675	340	335
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,200	36,800	31,400	53,050	61,750	44,560	60,800	69,600	51,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	455	225	230	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	630	320	310
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,600	38,400	27,200	62,300	76,300	48,160	72,000	84,000	59,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	435	210	220	922,200	475,075	447,125	525	270	255
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	37,200	27,600	60,800	73,200	47,640	71,600	85,000	57,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	470	225	240	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	580	285	295
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,080	8,500	11,600	10,020	8,930	11,050	10,280	10,700	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80	30	50	136,685	64,550	72,135	50	0	40
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,400	8,500	7,000	7,070	6,620	7,480	9,200	...	10,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	210	105	105	383,100	184,610	198,485	180	95	80
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	8,800	7,700	9,270	9,160	9,380	10,200	10,400	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	535	260	275	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	720	360	365
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	150	85	65	432,255	245,295	186,965	245	150	100
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	38,000	33,200	53,200	73,000	80,000	65,000	102,000	115,000	84,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	48,000	45,000	52,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	122,000	134,000	106,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	210	95	115	374,345	173,060	201,290	220	85	135
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	14,400	18,400	20,400	23,400	18,400	14,100	14,100	12,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	24,000	20,000	33,960	40,480	28,360	26,000	25,200	26,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0	82.0	69.0	86.6	90.2	81.4	88.0	90.0	86.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	75.0	67.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	73.0	76.0	69.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.0	18.0	31.2	13.4	9.8	18.5	11.6	10.0	13.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.0	2.0	4.0	1.2	0.9	1.7	1.0	x	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.8	9.2	10.6	5.0	3.9	6.5	3.8	3.6	4.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	8.6	8.4	8.8	4.5	3.6	5.7	3.5	3.4	3.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	480	235	245	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	675	325	350
Without total income	40	15	25	63,430	30,900	32,525	35	15	15
With total income	445	220	225	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	640	310	330
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	15	20	107,500	44,415	63,085	65	25	40
$10,000 to $19,999	45	15	25	115,465	47,780	67,690	65	30	35
$20,000 to $29,999	95	50	45	178,230	78,800	99,430	65	35	25
$30,000 to $39,999	75	35	40	142,910	61,170	81,740	50	20	35
$40,000 to $49,999	60	25	35	122,655	55,960	66,690	50	20	30
$50,000 to $59,999	50	20	30	101,530	48,280	53,245	45	20	25
$60,000 to $69,999	35	15	15	85,080	42,725	42,355	35	15	25
$70,000 to $79,999	25	15	5	68,705	36,885	31,825	40	20	20
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	10	53,900	30,515	23,385	35	15	20
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	45,345	25,570	19,775	35	20	15
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	193,625	128,165	65,460	160	95	65
$100,000 to $149,999	5	5	0	113,250	69,295	43,955	110	65	45
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	80,375	58,870	21,505	50	35	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	480	235	245	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	675	325	350
Without after-tax income	40	15	25	62,710	30,505	32,210	35	15	15
With after-tax income	445	220	225	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	640	310	330
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	15	20	112,205	46,185	66,020	75	25	45
$10,000 to $19,999	45	20	25	120,545	50,115	70,430	60	30	35
$20,000 to $29,999	105	60	45	201,940	89,680	112,255	75	40	35
$30,000 to $39,999	85	35	50	166,565	73,405	93,160	60	20	40
$40,000 to $49,999	70	30	40	143,135	67,430	75,705	60	25	35
$50,000 to $59,999	55	25	25	114,565	57,190	57,380	60	25	35
$60,000 to $69,999	20	15	5	87,375	47,045	40,330	45	25	20
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	10	65,115	36,810	28,305	40	25	20
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	51,690	28,935	22,760	35	15	25
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	35,160	21,215	13,945	45	25	15
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	117,360	82,665	34,700	90	60	25
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	48,950	32,240	16,710	50	35	15
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	68,410	50,430	17,985	40	30	15
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	480	235	245	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	675	325	350
Without employment income	120	55	65	356,175	156,380	199,795	170	85	90
With employment income	360	175	180	922,200	474,800	447,395	500	245	260
Under $5,000 (including loss)	35	15	20	116,020	54,130	61,895	60	30	30
$5,000 to $9,999	30	15	20	73,350	31,190	42,165	40	15	25
$10,000 to $19,999	65	35	25	101,970	44,705	57,260	45	25	25
$20,000 to $29,999	45	15	30	78,390	35,640	42,745	40	15	30
$30,000 to $39,999	50	15	30	73,695	34,455	39,235	25	5	15
$40,000 to $49,999	40	25	15	71,335	34,515	36,815	25	15	10
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	15	67,050	32,805	34,245	20	10	15
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	60,120	30,900	29,220	30	15	20
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	10	49,420	27,665	21,750	25	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	0	40,555	23,400	17,160	25	15	15
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	37,010	20,630	16,375	25	15	10
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	153,280	104,755	48,525	135	80	60
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	61,175	36,970	24,210	75	35	35
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	92,100	67,780	24,320	65	45	20
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	485	235	250	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	675	330	345
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	430	215	220	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	625	300	320
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,400	32,800	44,400	53,200	37,600	61,200	71,000	52,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	430	215	220	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	625	300	320
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	35,200	30,600	40,000	46,400	34,400	51,600	60,800	45,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	375	185	180	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	590	290	295
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	40,000	28,200	43,600	52,800	35,600	60,400	69,000	52,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	350	175	175	923,490	475,205	448,285	495	240	250
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	39,200	29,000	44,800	53,600	37,600	63,200	76,000	56,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	380	175	200	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	505	245	260
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,880	1,170	3,320	1,190	960	3,040	1,110	890	2,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	60	30	30	85,480	38,765	46,720	35	10	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800	7,200	6,080	6,450	5,680	7,200	4,360	x	4,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	540	260	275	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	725	360	365
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	480	230	250	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	645	340	310
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,400	30,800	65,500	80,000	51,400	77,000	92,000	60,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	480	230	250	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	645	340	310
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,200	28,000	52,650	62,600	43,000	61,000	72,400	48,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	410	205	200	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	610	320	285
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,800	42,800	29,000	65,600	80,800	50,200	76,800	91,600	60,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	390	190	195	923,490	475,385	448,110	495	265	230
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,000	29,200	64,100	77,600	49,760	81,600	96,000	65,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	445	210	235	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	520	275	245
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	3,040	7,450	6,130	5,076	7,130	6,080	5,600	6,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45	0	30	84,820	38,275	46,545	25	0	15
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200	...	8,500	8,200	7,120	9,080	13,000	...	12,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	535	260	275	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	720	360	365
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	145	85	65	428,265	243,165	185,105	240	150	90
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	39,600	39,600	38,800	70,500	78,500	62,000	107,000	129,000	85,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	45,000	44,000	48,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	133,000	144,000	116,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	170	75	100	353,070	163,500	189,570	190	80	110
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000	27,600	19,000	28,800	33,200	25,600	21,200	21,200	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	31,000	20,800	43,720	53,050	35,720	33,200	38,000	29,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.0	94.0	77.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	94.0	95.0	92.0
Employment income (%)	81.0	86.0	75.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	81.0	82.0	79.0
Government transfers (%)	14.0	6.8	22.8	7.9	5.3	11.9	6.4	5.0	8.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	x	3.2	0.9	0.6	1.4	0.6	x	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	175	...	...	604,630	...	...	290	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	20	...	...	151,765	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	50,400	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,800	...	...	44,000	...	...	59,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	160	...	...	452,860	...	...	255	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	290	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	131,600	...	...	178,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	106,600	...	...	142,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	151,830	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	67,800	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	55,250	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	175	...	...	452,795	...	...	255	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	152,800	...	...	186,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	149,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	175	...	...	604,630	...	...	290	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	6,730	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,245	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,475	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,245	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	16,055	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	16,860	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	14,380	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	16,415	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	17,790	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	17,750	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	36,405	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	37,740	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	37,230	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	35,705	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	34,355	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	85	...	...	303,255	...	...	205	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	40	...	...	74,975	...	...	50	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	58,215	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	76,310	...	...	65	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	93,755	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	175	...	...	604,630	...	...	290	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	7,625	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,380	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,615	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,745	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	17,335	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	19,015	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	16,770	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	19,345	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	21,320	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	21,155	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	44,695	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	45,520	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	44,095	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	42,705	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	38,715	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	60	...	...	251,600	...	...	175	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	78,970	...	...	40	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	56,565	...	...	50	...	...
$150,000 and over	20	...	...	116,060	...	...	85	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	145	...	...	431,155	...	...	250	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.8	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	151,045	...	...	95	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	107,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	92,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	100	...	...	209,715	...	...	130	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	156,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	56,700	...	...	15	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	75,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	68,500	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.4	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	75	35	40	223,225	113,580	109,645	55	20	35
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	37,200	35,200	44,400	46,000	43,200	70,500	88,000	56,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	34,000	31,800	40,000	40,800	38,800	59,200	77,000	48,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	150	...	...	431,010	...	...	250	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	188,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	149,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15	...	...	151,205	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	158,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	115	...	...	209,670	...	...	130	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	212,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	164,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	56,445	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	90,200	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	120,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	95	50	50	223,320	113,715	109,605	60	35	30
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,000	48,000	35,000	60,050	61,950	58,050	84,000	76,000	90,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	40,000	31,000	49,640	50,640	48,560	68,000	64,000	72,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	625	305	315	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	815	390	425
0 to 17 years	175	80	95	349,785	179,925	169,860	175	80	95
0 to 5 years	65	30	30	109,785	56,290	53,495	55	30	30
18 to 64 years	410	195	210	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	535	255	280
65 years and over	45	30	15	209,135	99,390	109,740	105	55	50
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	60	30	30	134,160	64,550	69,610	35	20	20
0 to 17 years	25	10	10	35,370	18,260	17,110	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	10	5	5	11,490	5,880	5,610	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	25	15	15	78,110	37,880	40,225	25	5	15
65 years and over	5	5	5	20,680	8,400	12,270	10	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6	10.0	9.5	8.5	8.3	8.8	4.8	4.5	4.8
0 to 17 years (%)	15.0	14.0	14.0	10.1	10.2	10.1	5.0	6.0	x
0 to 5 years (%)	18.0	20.0	16.0	10.5	10.5	10.5	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	8.0	7.0	7.7	7.5	7.9	4.0	4.0	4.5
65 years and over (%)	16.0	16.0	x	9.9	8.5	11.2	8.0	8.0	8.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	625	305	320	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	815	390	425
0 to 17 years	170	85	90	349,790	179,930	169,855	175	80	95
0 to 5 years	65	35	35	109,785	56,290	53,500	60	25	30
18 to 64 years	405	195	210	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	540	255	280
65 years and over	45	25	20	209,130	99,390	109,740	105	55	50
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	40	20	15	81,680	42,310	39,370	25	15	15
0 to 17 years	10	0	5	18,085	9,305	8,780	5	5	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	5,625	2,890	2,730	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	25	15	15	57,155	29,990	27,170	15	5	15
65 years and over	5	5	0	6,440	3,015	3,420	0	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	6.0	6.0	5.2	5.4	5.0	3.4	3.6	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	x	4.0	5.2	5.2	5.2	3.0	6.0	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	8.0	6.0	5.6	6.0	5.3	3.6	2.5	4.5
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	625	305	315	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	815	390	425
In bottom half of the distribution	395	190	205	673,690	328,825	344,865	235	110	125
In bottom decile	65	30	35	124,250	62,485	61,770	30	15	15
In second decile	80	35	50	132,700	62,320	70,380	45	20	30
In third decile	95	50	45	133,855	64,900	68,960	40	20	25
In fourth decile	105	50	55	138,980	68,120	70,855	80	40	35
In fifth decile	50	25	30	143,905	71,000	72,900	40	20	20
In top half of the distribution	230	115	115	898,245	453,385	444,865	580	275	300
In sixth decile	85	50	40	150,845	75,135	75,710	60	30	25
In seventh decile	60	25	35	155,985	78,075	77,910	75	40	40
In eighth decile	55	25	30	164,975	82,995	81,980	125	50	75
In ninth decile	25	15	10	181,315	91,520	89,795	140	65	75
In top decile	0	0	0	245,130	125,660	119,470	185	95	90
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	625	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	815	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.236	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.312	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.358	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.374	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.211	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.7	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	625	305	320	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	815	390	425
English only	550	265	285	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	745	360	385
French only	15	10	5	980	425	555	0	0	0
English and French	15	5	10	103,090	47,140	55,945	65	25	40
Neither English nor French	40	20	20	34,235	13,810	20,420	5	0	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	625	305	320	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	815	390	425
English	565	275	290	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	805	385	420
French	20	10	10	20,675	10,250	10,425	10	5	0
English and French	0	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	40	15	20	33,340	13,355	19,985	5	0	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	625	305	320	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	815	390	425
Single responses	550	260	285	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	780	375	405
Official languages	245	110	135	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	645	310	335
English	230	105	130	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	635	300	335
French	10	10	5	20,090	9,970	10,115	5	5	0
Non-official languages	305	155	150	415,050	198,790	216,260	140	70	70
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	645	270	380	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	305	155	150	414,405	198,525	215,885	140	70	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	35,495	18,255	17,240	5	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	5	32,085	16,545	15,535	5	0	0
Amharic	5	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	5	21,355	11,215	10,145	5	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	5	5	4,965	2,545	2,420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	14,785	6,645	8,140	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	13,810	6,185	7,625	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	50	25	30	55,755	24,650	31,110	20	5	10
Bikol	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	970	415	555	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	20	25	45,300	20,005	25,290	15	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	5	0	605	300	310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	220	110	105	203,750	100,055	103,695	85	40	40
Albanian	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	5	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	30,225	13,960	16,270	35	15	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	29,740	13,735	16,005	35	15	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	7,595	3,540	4,050	15	15	5
Russian	0	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	5	0	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	5	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	895	435	460	5	0	5
Croatian	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	17,580	8,490	9,090	15	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	10	5	5
German	0	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	10	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	185	95	95	106,625	53,665	52,955	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	180	90	90	93,240	46,930	46,305	5	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	6,565	3,380	3,180	0	0	0
Hindi	15	10	10	8,495	4,290	4,205	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	10	5	5	2,265	1,175	1,095	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	70	70	49,105	24,690	24,420	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	17,875	8,975	8,905	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	13,350	6,720	6,630	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	5	10,100	5,080	5,020	10	5	5
Dari	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	10	45,970	22,265	23,700	20	5	10
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	5	0	5
Spanish	20	15	10	32,170	15,475	16,695	10	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	10	5	5
Korean	0	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	68,720	31,925	36,790	15	5	5
Chinese languages	10	5	5	67,430	31,300	36,130	15	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	31,950	14,765	17,190	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	32,755	15,315	17,435	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	460	220	245	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	75	40	30	73,050	35,515	37,535	35	15	15
English and French	5	5	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	58,650	28,715	29,930	30	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	5,680	2,595	3,085	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	625	305	320	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	815	390	425
English	225	100	125	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	635	305	330
French	15	10	5	4,775	2,390	2,390	0	0	0
Non-official language	155	75	75	127,600	60,835	66,760	40	20	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	150	75	75	127,540	60,810	66,730	40	20	20
English and French	0	0	0	14,755	6,925	7,835	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	210	115	100	306,635	148,985	157,650	125	60	65
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	12,395	5,820	6,575	5	5	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	625	305	320	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	815	390	425
Single responses	540	260	280	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	775	370	410
Official languages	285	130	155	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	710	335	375
English	270	120	150	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	710	335	375
French	15	10	5	7,230	3,560	3,665	0	0	0
Non-official languages	255	125	125	259,415	125,675	133,740	65	30	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	250	125	125	259,295	125,620	133,675	65	30	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	22,515	11,260	11,260	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	20,280	10,165	10,115	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	12,825	6,490	6,335	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,940	4,535	5,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	9,395	4,280	5,110	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	15	20	35,275	16,595	18,675	15	10	5
Bikol	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	20	29,630	13,885	15,750	15	10	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	175	85	90	122,940	60,715	62,220	30	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	14,005	6,710	7,295	15	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	13,790	6,605	7,190	15	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560	5	5	0
Russian	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	5	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	715	335	375	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	980	470	515	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	150	75	80	79,180	39,590	39,590	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	150	70	75	70,335	35,225	35,110	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5	5,510	2,770	2,740	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	0	1,590	815	775	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	60	65	40,675	20,425	20,245	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,930	6,420	6,510	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	8,825	4,360	4,475	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	6,765	3,325	3,435	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	25,440	12,340	13,100	10	0	5
Catalan	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	10	19,825	9,605	10,215	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	5	47,945	22,570	25,375	5	5	5
Chinese languages	15	5	5	47,025	22,110	24,915	5	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	23,970	11,440	12,530	5	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	21,815	10,130	11,685	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	85	45	35	75,555	36,865	38,685	40	20	20
English and French	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	80	45	35	69,995	34,230	35,770	40	20	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	625	305	320	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	815	390	425
None	465	225	245	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	710	345	370
English	70	35	30	104,745	51,660	53,085	20	10	10
French	0	0	0	11,450	5,290	6,160	5	0	0
Non-official language	60	35	25	127,610	60,685	66,920	70	30	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	60	35	25	126,970	60,410	66,565	70	30	40
English and French	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	16,885	8,395	8,490	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5	14,095	6,810	7,285	5	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	700	330	370	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	855	430	425
Official languages	630	305	335	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	855	430	425
English	630	305	335	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	855	430	425
French	20	20	0	103,915	47,090	56,830	75	20	55
Non-official languages	520	250	270	562,910	270,945	291,960	215	95	115
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	520	250	270	561,340	270,320	291,010	215	95	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	20	0	54,595	28,250	26,345	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	20	0	50,645	26,150	24,495	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	35,250	18,505	16,750	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	20,885	9,635	11,250	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,415	8,900	10,515	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	95	40	55	76,815	33,930	42,890	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95	40	55	72,900	32,140	40,755	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	370	170	205	286,570	140,880	145,685	160	75	80
Albanian	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	37,905	17,730	20,175	35	0	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	37,610	17,610	20,005	35	0	30
Belarusian	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950	20	0	10
Russian	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	10	0	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	20	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	15	10	0
German	0	0	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	15	10	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	335	155	185	143,590	72,720	70,870	55	35	25
Indo-Aryan languages	335	155	185	128,685	65,260	63,425	30	15	20
Assamese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0
Hindi	95	40	55	45,340	22,980	22,370	20	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	310	145	165	68,525	34,920	33,610	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	25	15	15	31,710	16,195	15,515	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570	25	20	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	25	20	10
Dari	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	25	20	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	20	80,155	38,210	41,945	50	25	25
Catalan	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0
Spanish	25	10	20	60,770	28,640	32,125	50	25	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	25	0	20
Korean	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	82,875	39,220	43,660	15	10	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	81,080	38,330	42,750	15	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	46,460	21,635	24,825	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	42,910	20,105	22,800	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	700	330	370	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	855	430	425
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	35	15	20	53,700	25,250	28,450	30	20	10
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	35	15	20	51,520	24,220	27,300	30	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian)	20	15	10	22,470	10,235	12,230	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790	30	20	10
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	670	315	355	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	820	410	410
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	700	330	370	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	855	430	425
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	20	15	10	17,145	7,900	9,240	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	685	320	365	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	845	430	425
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	290	...	...
Owner	120	...	...	431,680	...	...	285	...	...
Renter	75	...	...	172,945	...	...	0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	290	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	138,505	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	185	...	...	466,125	...	...	290	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	290	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	63,480	...	...	10	...	...
2 bedrooms	40	...	...	132,670	...	...	0	...	...
3 bedrooms	115	...	...	208,570	...	...	140	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	30	...	...	196,735	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	290	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	75	...	...	168,320	...	...	30	...	...
5 rooms	35	...	...	92,700	...	...	15	...	...
6 rooms	45	...	...	85,005	...	...	45	...	...
7 rooms	25	...	...	74,790	...	...	30	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	183,815	...	...	175	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.0	...	...	6.3	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	290	...	...
One person or fewer per room	160	...	...	587,240	...	...	290	...	...
More than one person per room	35	...	...	17,390	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	290	...	...
Suitable	145	...	...	576,220	...	...	290	...	...
Not suitable	50	...	...	28,410	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	290	...	...
1960 or before	10	...	...	48,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	0	...	...	146,775	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	120	...	...	67,920	...	...	15	...	...
1991 to 2000	50	...	...	93,515	...	...	260	...	...
2001 to 2005	20	...	...	63,060	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	64,550	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	290	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	175	...	...	578,295	...	...	260	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	26,340	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	290	...	...
One-maintainer household	60	...	...	286,505	...	...	110	...	...
Two-maintainer household	110	...	...	282,890	...	...	170	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20	...	...	35,230	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	290	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	15,275	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	20	...	...	95,360	...	...	25	...	...
35 to 44 years	65	...	...	132,875	...	...	45	...	...
45 to 54 years	60	...	...	121,200	...	...	75	...	...
55 to 64 years	30	...	...	114,325	...	...	80	...	...
65 to 74 years	10	...	...	78,705	...	...	50	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	34,680	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	195	...	...	599,605	...	...	290	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	155	...	...	466,085	...	...	275	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	35	...	...	133,520	...	...	15	...	...
30% to less than 100%	35	...	...	119,800	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	285	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	174,520	...	...	35	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	25	...	...	121,340	...	...	10	...	...
Not suitable only	35	...	...	22,225	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	17,480	...	...	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	4,610	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	115	...	...	430,110	...	...	250	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	195	...	...	585,885	...	...	290	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	55,440	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	175	...	...	530,445	...	...	285	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	125	...	...	429,490	...	...	285	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	80.0	...	...	65.7	...	...	64.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	5.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...	1,740	...	...	1,840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,792	...	...	1,720	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	516,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	70	...	...	172,840	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.5	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.7	...	...	34.5	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	20.2	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380	...	...	1,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,414	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	700	330	375	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	850	435	420
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	10	10	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	10	10	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	47,230	22,330	24,905	50	30	15
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	45,875	21,725	24,145	50	30	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	40	30	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	10	0	10
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	680	320	365	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	795	390	405
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	705	330	375	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	850	430	420
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	455	230	230	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	825	425	405
Canadian citizens aged under 18	140	70	75	325,765	167,940	157,820	175	80	85
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	310	160	150	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	655	340	315
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	250	100	145	174,615	83,940	90,680	30	10	20
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	705	330	375	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	850	430	420
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	280	145	135	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	700	355	345
Immigrants⁸¹	360	170	195	473,580	227,640	245,935	145	75	75
Before 1980	0	0	0	56,750	27,435	29,320	40	20	15
1980 to 1990	10	0	10	44,975	21,950	23,020	25	20	10
1991 to 2000	30	15	15	67,220	32,280	34,935	45	20	20
2001 to 2010	95	45	55	127,170	61,140	66,030	25	0	20
2011 to 2021⁸²	225	105	120	177,465	84,835	92,630	10	0	10
2011 to 2015	120	55	65	89,810	43,015	46,795	10	0	10
2016 to 2021	105	50	55	87,650	41,815	45,835	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	60	20	45	28,410	14,945	13,470	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	360	170	195	473,580	227,640	245,935	145	70	75
Under 5 years	25	10	15	41,205	20,985	20,220	20	10	10
5 to 14 years	50	25	25	79,795	41,370	38,425	25	20	0
15 to 24 years	70	25	40	82,830	37,905	44,930	45	20	30
25 to 44 years	170	80	90	223,080	105,885	117,190	50	20	30
45 years and over	55	25	25	46,670	21,495	25,170	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	360	170	195	473,580	227,640	245,935	145	70	75
Americas	45	30	10	50,280	23,315	26,970	15	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	0	0	0
Europe	10	0	10	83,855	41,815	42,040	50	25	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	15	10	10
Portugal	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	27,675	14,575	13,095	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	15	0	10
Africa	15	15	0	55,355	27,975	27,385	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	18,410	9,205	9,210	0	0	0
Asia	300	130	165	279,930	132,545	147,390	65	30	35
Afghanistan	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	25	15	10
Iraq	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	36,925	16,915	20,015	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0
Philippines	70	35	35	71,315	31,605	39,715	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	16,350	7,325	9,030	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0
India	180	70	105	61,580	30,730	30,850	10	10	10
Pakistan	20	15	10	19,425	9,810	9,615	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	22,735	10,640	12,090	10	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	100	45	55	87,650	41,815	45,830	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	75	30	50	55,100	25,850	29,250	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	50	20	35	14,870	7,455	7,420	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	700	330	370	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	855	430	425
First generation¹⁰⁰	425	190	235	518,345	251,010	267,335	160	80	80
Second generation¹⁰¹	165	90	70	329,675	166,505	163,165	170	80	90
Third generation or more¹⁰²	120	55	65	723,920	364,750	359,170	515	265	250
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	365	170	195	416,830	200,210	216,615	110	45	55
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	150	70	85	235,880	118,150	117,730	65	30	35
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	45	25	15	95,815	58,035	37,780	20	10	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	110	40	70	140,065	60,120	79,950	50	20	25
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	160	70	90	117,720	48,395	69,330	25	15	10
Refugees¹⁰⁸	45	30	20	58,995	31,595	27,395	15	10	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	365	170	195	416,830	200,210	216,615	110	45	55
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	10	14,765	8,620	6,145	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	30	15	15	53,180	23,440	29,750	20	0	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	305	135	165	313,060	149,760	163,300	90	50	40
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	700	330	370	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	855	430	425
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	550	265	290	575,650	282,735	292,910	165	75	90
South Asian	350	150	195	154,385	78,430	75,955	40	25	15
Chinese	0	0	0	93,975	45,570	48,410	25	10	15
Black	60	40	20	76,470	38,665	37,800	0	0	0
Filipino	90	40	55	92,235	42,365	49,880	10	0	10
Arab	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	0	0	0
Latin American	0	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235	20	15	15
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	28,720	13,405	15,310	15	0	10
West Asian	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	30	15	15
Korean	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	25	10	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	20,840	10,195	10,645	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	150	65	85	996,285	499,530	496,755	685	355	335
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	705	330	375	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	850	430	420
Canadian	65	35	30	168,075	87,325	80,750	100	50	50
English	40	20	25	276,300	136,835	139,465	285	130	160
Irish	25	20	10	202,260	98,040	104,225	105	65	45
Scottish	30	15	20	235,385	115,820	119,575	200	115	85
French, n.o.s.¹²²	0	0	0	104,160	50,935	53,225	60	35	25
German	25	20	0	197,770	97,860	99,910	120	65	50
Chinese	25	15	10	99,705	48,045	51,650	25	10	15
Italian	0	0	0	44,840	22,330	22,510	15	0	0
Indian (India)	140	55	80	77,900	39,545	38,355	30	15	15
Ukrainian	15	0	10	89,615	43,675	45,940	135	45	85
Dutch	0	0	0	53,665	26,510	27,155	20	10	10
Polish	25	10	15	53,675	25,885	27,790	35	10	20
Québécois	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	53,825	27,135	26,690	55	30	20
Filipino	80	35	45	86,850	40,140	46,710	10	0	10
French Canadian	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20	10	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	35	25	10
Métis	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	20	15	10
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	28,815	14,565	14,250	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	36,090	16,840	19,255	40	15	25
Norwegian	0	0	0	44,865	21,320	23,545	30	10	25
Welsh	0	0	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	10	0	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	20	10	15
Spanish	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	25	10	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	15	0	15
Acadian	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0
Punjabi	195	85	110	20,085	10,145	9,940	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	22,750	10,685	12,065	15	0	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	10	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	20	15	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	20	15	10
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	13,225	6,465	6,765	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	25	10	20
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	20	10	10
Congolese	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	700	330	370	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	855	430	420
Buddhist	20	10	10	22,425	9,955	12,470	0	0	0
Christian	245	120	125	713,465	336,705	376,760	475	215	255
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	70	35	40	153,665	73,675	79,985	80	35	45
Anabaptist	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	35,625	16,415	19,210	30	0	25
Baptist	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	10	0	0
Catholic	90	40	45	312,410	149,290	163,120	195	90	100
Christian Orthodox	35	25	15	25,935	12,595	13,340	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	30	20	20
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	15	10	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	30	0	25	51,720	22,415	29,305	30	15	15
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	43,375	20,405	22,970	65	35	30
Hindu	30	0	25	35,335	18,180	17,155	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0
Muslim	35	10	20	101,285	51,675	49,610	35	20	15
Sikh	270	125	145	56,230	28,325	27,905	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	30	10	20
No religion and secular perspectives	95	50	40	623,560	328,795	294,765	305	175	130
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	695	325	370	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	845	425	420
Non-movers	585	280	305	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	820	410	410
Movers	110	50	60	209,550	104,275	105,275	30	15	15
Non-migrants	100	35	60	147,415	73,505	73,910	30	15	15
Migrants	10	10	0	62,135	30,765	31,365	0	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	47,380	23,440	23,940	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	645	305	340	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	820	420	400
Non-movers	370	190	180	863,155	429,060	434,095	660	340	320
Movers	275	115	160	619,175	307,300	311,880	160	80	80
Non-migrants	130	55	75	363,260	181,560	181,700	135	70	70
Migrants	145	65	85	255,920	125,740	130,180	25	15	10
Internal migrants	10	0	0	177,420	87,415	90,005	20	15	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	112,590	55,855	56,735	20	15	0
Interprovincial migrants	10	0	0	64,830	31,560	33,270	0	0	0
External migrants	135	55	80	78,500	38,320	40,180	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	535	260	275	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	725	360	365
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	125	50	75	182,850	95,955	86,895	75	25	50
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	410	210	200	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	645	330	315
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	395	190	205	886,650	437,700	448,950	470	225	255
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65	30	35	79,025	43,715	35,310	20	10	15
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	330	160	175	807,620	393,985	413,640	450	220	235
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	540	260	280	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	720	360	365
No certificate, diploma or degree	125	45	80	163,710	84,360	79,350	60	20	40
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	175	115	60	339,400	169,445	169,950	205	110	95
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	240	100	140	775,265	377,350	397,915	455	225	230
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	125	45	80	348,595	174,345	174,250	195	95	105
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	45	30	15	84,805	63,760	21,050	20	20	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	20	0	29,285	16,610	12,680	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	15	15	55,525	47,150	8,375	15	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	60	15	45	221,065	92,585	128,480	165	75	90
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	15	42,725	18,000	24,720	15	0	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	115	55	65	426,670	203,005	223,660	260	135	125
Bachelor's degree	70	40	30	294,610	137,240	157,375	190	90	105
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	22,475	10,080	12,390	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	0	0	0
Master's degree	40	10	30	86,005	42,875	43,130	55	30	25
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	390	185	205	886,650	437,700	448,950	475	220	250
No certificate, diploma or degree	60	25	35	66,625	36,450	30,175	0	0	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	115	70	45	197,715	102,665	95,045	105	60	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	215	90	125	622,315	298,585	323,730	360	160	200
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	100	40	60	266,590	133,640	132,950	150	65	80
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	40	30	15	63,270	48,090	15,175	10	10	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	20	0	20,715	12,025	8,685	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	10	15	42,560	36,060	6,495	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	45	10	35	170,270	71,565	98,700	115	50	70
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	15	33,050	13,985	19,070	15	0	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	115	50	65	355,720	164,940	190,775	215	100	115
Bachelor's degree	70	35	35	244,340	111,530	132,810	155	70	90
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	0	0	0
Master's degree	40	10	25	74,335	35,965	38,370	45	20	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	10	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	535	260	275	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	720	355	365
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	290	160	135	503,110	253,805	249,305	265	130	135
Education	10	0	0	46,605	10,200	36,405	50	0	45
13. Education	10	0	0	46,605	10,200	36,405	50	0	45
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	23,385	9,460	13,925	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	20,825	7,530	13,295	0	0	0
Humanities	30	0	30	34,000	12,365	21,635	20	0	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	10	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	7,415	1,915	5,495	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	0	20	11,560	4,095	7,460	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	15	10	83,860	28,790	55,065	30	10	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	15,515	5,275	10,245	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	10	0	30,700	14,865	15,830	15	0	10
Business, management and public administration	40	20	20	177,710	75,825	101,885	130	65	70
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	20	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	20	20	168,935	74,160	94,770	115	60	55
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	39,940	20,670	19,265	20	15	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	36,465	23,975	12,485	25	20	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	25	20	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	55	45	10	173,505	149,155	24,355	95	80	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	10	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	66,620	53,075	13,545	40	35	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	0	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	30	20	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	30	20	0	28,060	27,225	835	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	22,210	21,530	675	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	11,885	11,515	375	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	10	15,905	7,900	8,005	10	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	0	10	10,210	5,025	5,180	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	10	0	0
Health and related fields	40	0	40	111,080	22,865	88,215	60	15	45
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	0	40	98,680	16,900	81,780	50	15	40
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	0	32,595	16,030	16,565	15	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950	15	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	395	185	205	886,650	437,700	448,950	475	225	250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	175	95	80	264,340	139,115	125,220	115	60	55
Education	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	45	0	40
13. Education	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	45	0	40
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	0	0	0
Humanities	35	0	35	26,945	9,460	17,490	15	0	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	10	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,035	1,555	4,480	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	0	20	9,440	3,220	6,225	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20	10	10	69,810	23,220	46,590	25	10	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	7,720	535	7,185	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	10	0	25,655	12,155	13,505	15	10	0
Business, management and public administration	30	20	15	145,930	61,450	84,480	95	40	55
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	20	15	138,835	60,195	78,640	80	40	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	15	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	31,330	20,720	10,615	20	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	20	15	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50	40	0	138,260	116,630	21,630	75	65	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	55,310	43,055	12,260	35	30	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	20	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	30	20	0	21,755	21,035	720	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	16,875	16,295	580	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,785	8,485	305	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	10	12,720	5,985	6,735	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	0	10	7,810	3,590	4,220	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	0	30	88,715	18,735	69,980	45	10	40
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	30	78,745	14,010	64,730	45	10	35
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	15	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	15	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	395	185	205	886,650	437,700	448,950	475	225	250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	175	95	80	264,340	139,115	125,220	115	60	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	215	90	125	622,310	298,585	323,730	360	160	200
Location of study inside Canada	95	35	60	455,590	220,680	234,910	305	150	155
Same as province or territory of residence	80	25	55	328,175	157,540	170,630	245	125	120
Different than province or territory of residence	20	10	0	127,410	63,135	64,275	60	25	40
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	120	55	65	166,725	77,905	88,820	60	10	40
Americas	0	0	0	28,670	14,305	14,360	10	0	10
United States of America	0	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040	10	0	10
Mexico	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	20	10	10
Belgium	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0
Asia	105	45	60	91,990	39,695	52,295	20	0	20
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	0	0	0
Philippines	30	20	10	30,585	12,115	18,470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	75	25	50	25,005	11,780	13,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	540	260	280	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	720	360	365
In the labour force	430	215	210	882,705	463,170	419,540	480	240	245
Employed	380	200	175	776,015	408,675	367,335	400	190	205
Unemployed	55	20	35	106,695	54,490	52,205	80	50	35
Not in the labour force	105	45	60	395,665	167,985	227,680	240	120	120
Participation rate	79.6	82.7	75.0	69.0	73.4	64.8	66.7	66.7	67.1
Employment rate	70.4	76.9	62.5	60.7	64.8	56.8	55.6	52.8	56.2
Unemployment rate	12.8	9.3	16.7	12.1	11.8	12.4	16.7	20.8	14.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	535	260	275	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	720	355	365
Did not work¹⁸⁶	155	60	95	422,665	183,645	239,020	220	105	115
Worked	380	200	180	855,710	447,510	408,200	500	255	250
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	165	100	65	450,195	257,535	192,655	260	150	105
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	215	100	110	405,520	189,970	215,550	240	100	145
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	39.8	39.8	40.7	41.5	39.8	39.0	38.6	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	430	220	215	882,710	463,165	419,540	480	235	240
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	0	20	29,010	14,020	14,995	25	20	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	415	220	190	853,695	449,150	404,550	455	225	230
Employee	375	185	190	715,140	365,090	350,050	380	175	205
Permanent position	315	170	145	600,125	311,480	288,645	290	130	160
Temporary position	55	15	45	115,020	53,615	61,405	85	40	50
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	0	15	37,760	16,790	20,970	35	20	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	40	15	30	77,260	36,820	40,435	55	20	35
Self-employed¹⁹²	40	35	0	138,550	84,060	54,500	75	50	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	430	220	215	882,710	463,165	419,540	480	235	240
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	0	20	29,010	14,020	14,995	25	20	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	415	220	190	853,695	449,150	404,550	455	225	230
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	20	20	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	50	25	25	161,170	53,245	107,930	120	45	75
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	25	25	0	94,565	72,340	22,225	65	55	10
3 Health occupations	25	0	25	69,305	13,810	55,490	25	0	20
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	30	15	15	92,850	30,655	62,195	50	15	35
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	20	10	15
6 Sales and service occupations	120	40	85	209,115	94,840	114,280	95	40	60
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	130	100	30	147,375	132,085	15,290	40	35	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	15	0	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	35	20	20	25,565	19,070	6,490	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	430	220	215	882,710	463,165	419,540	480	235	240
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	0	20	29,010	14,020	14,995	25	20	10
All industries¹⁹¹	415	220	190	853,695	449,150	404,550	455	225	230
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	39,750	26,465	13,290	15	15	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	10	10	0
23 Construction	55	45	10	75,665	63,720	11,945	25	25	0
31-33 Manufacturing	30	20	15	41,545	30,255	11,295	10	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	20	15	0
44-45 Retail trade	75	30	45	96,885	46,555	50,330	55	25	30
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	65	55	10	56,135	40,670	15,470	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	10	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	30,760	13,930	16,825	25	15	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	10	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25	15	0	96,185	55,190	40,995	75	40	35
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	40	20	25	37,790	21,285	16,510	20	0	15
61 Educational services	0	0	0	55,510	16,805	38,700	70	20	50
62 Health care and social assistance	35	0	35	107,190	20,475	86,720	50	0	45
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	15	10	10
72 Accommodation and food services	50	15	35	49,900	22,440	27,460	25	10	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	37,065	16,090	20,975	10	0	10
91 Public administration	0	0	0	31,305	16,235	15,075	10	10	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	425	225	200	926,320	483,455	442,860	510	255	255
English	330	180	155	878,705	460,305	418,400	480	245	235
French	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	30,355	15,535	14,825	20	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	425	225	200	926,320	483,455	442,860	510	255	255
Single responses	405	210	195	919,325	479,835	439,490	510	255	255
Official languages	400	200	195	906,220	473,040	433,180	510	255	255
English	400	200	195	903,745	472,395	431,350	505	255	250
French	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	13,105	6,795	6,310	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	13,090	6,795	6,300	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	20	10	7,000	3,625	3,375	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	20	10	5,765	3,065	2,695	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	425	225	200	926,320	483,455	442,860	510	255	255
None	360	200	165	893,045	467,350	425,695	485	245	235
English	0	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	0	0	0
Non-official language	60	20	35	17,585	8,825	8,760	20	0	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	60	20	35	17,465	8,780	8,690	20	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	380	200	180	776,010	408,680	367,335	395	190	210
Worked at home	20	15	0	215,520	105,290	110,230	150	90	60
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	85	55	30	113,260	83,885	29,375	30	20	0
Usual place of work	275	135	140	444,410	217,405	227,005	220	75	145
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	275	135	140	444,410	217,405	227,005	220	80	145
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	240	110	125	361,065	170,000	191,065	205	70	135
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	30	20	10	69,230	37,715	31,505	10	0	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	360	190	170	557,670	301,290	256,380	245	100	145
Car, truck or van	285	165	120	473,465	261,055	212,410	235	100	135
Car, truck or van - as a driver	225	145	85	441,645	249,990	191,655	225	95	125
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	60	25	40	31,820	11,060	20,755	10	0	10
Public transit	65	20	50	40,930	17,775	23,165	15	0	15
Walked	0	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	360	190	170	557,670	301,290	256,380	245	100	145
Less than 15 minutes	40	15	20	128,460	58,155	70,310	60	35	35
15 to 29 minutes	160	100	55	242,460	130,855	111,610	90	40	50
30 to 44 minutes	120	55	70	125,765	75,100	50,660	80	25	50
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	0	31,050	18,505	12,545	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	30	10	15	29,930	18,665	11,265	15	0	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	360	190	170	557,670	301,290	256,380	245	100	145
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	65	35	25	37,665	27,280	10,390	10	0	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	85	50	30	100,900	63,500	37,400	45	25	25
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	50	35	20	143,455	75,755	67,700	105	50	55
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	40	25	10	105,095	50,620	54,475	25	15	10
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	45	10	35	79,595	35,415	44,180	35	15	25
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	80	35	45	90,950	48,715	42,230	35	0	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	170	80	90	356,225	183,250	172,980	180	80	95
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	0	25,335	12,890	12,445	10	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	165	75	90	330,890	170,360	160,535	170	75	90
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	120	60	65	259,535	133,590	125,945	120	55	70
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	18,890	9,625	9,270	5	0	0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	5	9,575	4,670	4,910	0	0	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	9,315	4,955	4,360	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	110	50	60	240,640	123,965	116,675	115	55	65

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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