Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48061030More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48061080More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48062559More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	319	...	...	877	...	...	14,189	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	127	...	...	283	...	...	5,860	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	109	...	...	261	...	...	5,333	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,761.8	...	...	4,840.0	...	...	708.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.08	...	...	0.18	...	...	20.02	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	320	165	150	875	455	420	14,190	6,955	7,230
0 to 14 years	75	40	40	205	120	90	3,565	1,865	1,700
0 to 4 years	20	15	10	65	35	30	1,410	735	675
5 to 9 years	35	15	20	60	40	30	1,295	690	600
10 to 14 years	20	15	5	75	45	35	865	440	425
15 to 64 years	215	120	95	600	305	290	9,305	4,525	4,780
15 to 19 years	25	15	10	55	25	30	545	270	280
20 to 24 years	20	15	5	65	40	25	650	305	345
25 to 29 years	15	5	10	55	30	25	1,065	455	615
30 to 34 years	15	5	10	80	40	40	1,600	735	865
35 to 39 years	35	25	15	80	35	40	1,765	890	875
40 to 44 years	25	10	10	60	30	25	1,365	720	640
45 to 49 years	15	10	10	65	30	35	875	480	395
50 to 54 years	20	15	5	60	25	35	525	265	265
55 to 59 years	20	10	10	40	15	20	465	215	245
60 to 64 years	20	10	10	35	20	15	445	195	250
65 years and over	30	10	15	70	35	40	1,315	565	750
65 to 69 years	10	5	5	35	15	20	405	155	250
70 to 74 years	10	5	5	15	10	10	345	150	190
75 to 79 years	10	0	5	10	5	5	235	110	130
80 to 84 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85
85 years and over	5	0	0	5	0	0	180	80	100
85 to 89 years	5	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	20
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.4	24.2	26.7	23.4	26.4	21.4	25.1	26.8	23.5
15 to 64 years	67.2	72.7	63.3	68.6	67.0	69.0	65.6	65.1	66.1
65 years and over	9.4	6.1	10.0	8.0	7.7	9.5	9.3	8.1	10.4
85 years and over	1.6	0.0	0.0	0.6	0.0	0.0	1.3	1.2	1.4
Average age of the population	35.0	34.4	35.6	34.0	32.9	35.0	33.5	32.8	34.3
Median age of the population	35.6	35.6	35.2	33.6	31.6	35.6	34.0	34.0	34.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	110	...	...	260	...	...	5,330	...	...
Single-detached house	5	...	...	155	...	...	2,495	...	...
Semi-detached house	30	...	...	0	...	...	460	...	...
Row house	5	...	...	80	...	...	455	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	15	...	...	90	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	60	...	...	5	...	...	1,710	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	125	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	105	...	...	265	...	...	5,335	...	...
1 person	25	...	...	35	...	...	1,305	...	...
2 persons	30	...	...	65	...	...	1,620	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	45	...	...	900	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	55	...	...	990	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	60	...	...	520	...	...
Number of persons in private households	320	170	150	875	455	425	14,045	6,895	7,155
Average household size	2.9	...	...	3.4	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	240	130	115	670	340	330	10,625	5,095	5,530
Married or living common-law	110	55	55	365	190	180	7,345	3,675	3,665
Married	105	55	50	320	170	155	6,175	3,085	3,090
Living common-law	10	5	5	45	20	20	1,170	595	580
Living common law - Never married	5	5	5	35	20	15	975	485	490
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Living common law - Divorced	0	0	0	5	5	5	155	90	65
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Not married and not living common-law	125	70	60	305	150	155	3,275	1,420	1,860
Not married and not living common law - Never married	80	50	25	230	130	100	2,150	1,060	1,095
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	5	10	15	5	10	235	95	140
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	20	10	10	40	15	25	520	185	340
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	20	5	10	25	0	20	365	75	290
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	80	...	...	220	...	...	3,960	...	...
2 persons	35	...	...	85	...	...	1,655	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	50	...	...	930	...	...
4 persons	15	...	...	60	...	...	995	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	35	...	...	385	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.3	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	80	...	...	225	...	...	3,960	...	...
Total couple families	55	...	...	170	...	...	3,590	...	...
Married couples	45	...	...	145	...	...	3,005	...	...
With children⁶	30	...	...	110	...	...	1,980	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	35	...	...	1,020	...	...
Common-law couples	0	...	...	20	...	...	585	...	...
With children⁶	0	...	...	15	...	...	180	...	...
Without children	0	...	...	5	...	...	400	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	55	...	...	370	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	45	...	...	290	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	10	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	315	170	150	875	455	425	14,045	6,895	7,155
Total - Persons in census families	260	130	130	735	375	360	12,095	6,045	6,050
Married spouses or common-law partners	105	50	50	335	165	165	7,180	3,595	3,580
Parents in one-parent families	30	5	25	55	5	50	375	80	290
Children⁶	125	70	50	345	200	145	4,545	2,365	2,180
In a two-parent family	75	40	35	260	155	105	3,980	2,070	1,910
In a one-parent family	50	30	20	85	50	40	565	295	270
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	60	40	20	145	80	60	1,950	855	1,100
Living alone	25	10	10	35	25	15	1,305	545	755
Living with other relatives⁷	10	5	5	40	15	30	270	110	160
Living with non-relatives only	25	20	5	70	40	25	375	195	180
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	110	...	...	260	...	...	5,335	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	55	...	...	150	...	...	3,515	...	...
Couple-family households	35	...	...	115	...	...	3,200	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	90	...	...	1,925	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	25	...	...	1,275	...	...
One-parent-family households	25	...	...	35	...	...	305	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	20	...	...	175	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5	...	...	5	...	...	25	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	30	...	...	130	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	20	...	...	180	...	...
One-person households	25	...	...	35	...	...	1,305	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	245	125	110	670	335	330	10,480	5,025	5,455
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	225	115	110	625	315	310	10,065	4,840	5,225
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	33,200	28,800	34,800	34,800	34,400	57,600	73,500	47,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	225	115	110	625	315	310	10,065	4,840	5,225
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,200	30,000	28,600	32,800	33,600	31,600	50,000	60,800	42,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	185	100	80	525	285	245	9,490	4,640	4,850
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	19,200	31,000	11,900	28,600	29,800	26,200	55,600	72,500	42,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	155	90	65	480	260	220	8,345	4,165	4,180
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	24,600	35,600	16,400	30,800	33,200	28,800	56,800	72,500	44,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	215	115	100	580	285	295	8,685	4,025	4,660
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,900	7,500	17,200	9,300	6,200	11,000	4,960	1,490	7,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35	20	15	95	45	55	1,245	460	780
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	x	x	6,000	6,650	5,520	6,080	5,480	6,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85	55	30	270	140	130	2,840	1,235	1,605
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	8,100	14,000	8,500	8,000	9,800	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	235	135	100	590	325	265	10,525	5,055	5,470
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	225	125	100	565	315	250	10,080	4,885	5,195
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	38,500	36,000	38,600	39,600	37,600	75,100	92,900	58,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	225	125	100	565	315	250	10,080	4,885	5,195
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	34,000	32,000	34,800	35,200	34,400	60,900	73,400	49,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	185	120	75	475	280	200	9,465	4,650	4,820
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,400	30,800	27,000	32,800	34,800	29,800	72,000	91,600	53,150
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	170	120	60	430	245	180	8,390	4,195	4,195
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	30,000	31,000	34,200	36,800	31,000	68,800	84,500	53,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	225	125	100	530	285	245	8,705	4,045	4,660
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	9,400	16,400	11,840	10,000	14,000	8,590	6,920	10,050
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35	30	0	80	40	35	1,345	520	825
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	8,000	...	10,000	7,000	14,000	7,840	5,600	9,240
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100	70	30	240	145	95	2,905	1,370	1,535
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	10,800	9,500	8,200	8,200	8,400	8,940	8,750	9,120
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	235	130	105	585	325	265	10,525	5,055	5,470
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40	35	0	195	110	85	4,650	2,635	2,015
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	34,000	32,000	...	56,800	62,000	41,200	82,000	91,000	70,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	38,000	38,000	...	50,800	55,000	45,000	94,200	107,300	77,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	80	45	30	195	120	75	2,930	1,170	1,750
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	19,200	x	13,100	17,000	13,100	24,800	30,600	22,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,000	25,000	44,000	21,000	22,400	18,500	39,280	50,200	32,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	66.0	76.0	56.0	71.5	77.0	64.0	90.2	93.8	84.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.0	74.0	48.0	67.0	73.0	60.0	76.2	78.2	73.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	33.5	24.0	46.0	28.8	22.8	36.5	9.9	6.2	15.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.5	5.0	x	3.6	2.4	5.0	1.4	0.6	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	14.2	16.5	11.2	10.2	10.2	10.4	3.8	2.8	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	12.4	16.0	9.0	9.0	9.6	8.4	3.4	2.7	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	240	130	115	670	340	330	10,485	5,030	5,455
Without total income	20	15	10	45	25	25	420	190	225
With total income	225	120	105	625	320	305	10,060	4,835	5,230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	10	10	65	25	45	725	250	470
$10,000 to $19,999	30	10	20	65	35	35	670	240	435
$20,000 to $29,999	55	30	30	120	65	50	1,035	360	675
$30,000 to $39,999	35	15	20	95	50	45	930	325	600
$40,000 to $49,999	30	20	15	85	45	45	960	390	575
$50,000 to $59,999	15	15	0	75	35	40	910	370	535
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	0	35	15	20	765	345	415
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	0	30	20	10	690	360	335
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	0	20	15	5	620	325	290
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	10	10	5	500	275	225
$100,000 and over	5	0	5	10	5	5	2,260	1,580	675
$100,000 to $149,999	0	0	0	10	5	5	1,405	905	500
$150,000 and over	5	0	5	0	0	0	850	680	175
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	240	130	115	670	340	330	10,485	5,030	5,455
Without after-tax income	20	15	10	45	25	25	420	190	225
With after-tax income	225	120	105	625	320	305	10,060	4,835	5,230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	10	10	65	25	45	760	260	505
$10,000 to $19,999	40	15	25	70	35	35	695	260	435
$20,000 to $29,999	60	35	25	145	80	65	1,185	405	780
$30,000 to $39,999	40	15	30	115	55	55	1,160	440	720
$40,000 to $49,999	20	15	5	100	50	45	1,230	515	715
$50,000 to $59,999	20	20	5	60	25	30	1,030	485	550
$60,000 to $69,999	10	5	0	35	25	10	925	475	445
$70,000 to $79,999	0	0	0	25	10	10	730	385	345
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	10	5	5	590	335	260
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	315	175
$100,000 and over	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,255	955	300
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	395	170
$125,000 and over	5	0	5	0	0	0	695	565	135
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	240	130	115	670	340	330	10,485	5,030	5,455
Without employment income	85	40	50	185	80	105	2,140	865	1,275
With employment income	155	95	65	485	260	225	8,345	4,160	4,180
Under $5,000 (including loss)	20	5	10	50	25	25	800	330	465
$5,000 to $9,999	25	10	15	50	20	25	435	145	290
$10,000 to $19,999	25	10	10	75	40	30	730	265	470
$20,000 to $29,999	15	5	10	65	30	30	565	195	365
$30,000 to $39,999	20	10	5	55	20	35	555	225	330
$40,000 to $49,999	15	10	0	50	30	20	650	270	380
$50,000 to $59,999	20	15	0	50	30	15	655	285	365
$60,000 to $69,999	10	0	0	35	25	15	600	295	310
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	0	15	15	5	530	295	240
$80,000 to $89,999	5	5	0	15	15	5	495	265	235
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	10	5	5	430	230	195
$100,000 and over	5	0	5	5	0	5	1,900	1,365	535
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	5	0	0	825	530	295
$125,000 and over	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,075	835	235
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	245	125	110	670	335	330	10,480	5,025	5,455
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	220	115	105	605	310	295	9,840	4,715	5,125
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	27,400	29,000	34,000	35,200	32,800	58,000	75,000	46,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	220	115	105	605	310	295	9,840	4,715	5,125
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,400	26,600	28,000	31,800	32,400	31,600	50,000	62,000	41,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	175	105	75	530	285	245	9,345	4,575	4,765
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,200	29,000	22,600	32,000	33,600	31,200	57,200	75,000	44,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	155	95	60	480	265	215	8,265	4,145	4,120
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,200	35,200	26,000	34,400	36,400	33,600	58,400	74,500	46,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	200	100	100	555	275	275	8,225	3,840	4,395
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,520	1,130	8,400	2,420	1,160	6,000	1,010	890	2,340
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	25	5	15	55	30	25	855	295	555
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	x	x	6,850	6,800	7,550	7,500	4,520	9,700
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	235	135	100	590	325	265	10,525	5,055	5,470
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	225	130	100	555	310	245	9,900	4,760	5,140
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	32,500	36,000	36,800	36,800	36,800	76,600	97,700	57,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	225	130	100	555	310	245	9,900	4,760	5,140
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	29,200	32,000	33,000	32,800	33,200	61,250	75,900	47,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	180	120	65	490	290	195	9,325	4,580	4,750
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	33,000	37,000	34,000	34,000	34,000	76,800	98,600	55,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	170	120	50	450	270	180	8,300	4,175	4,125
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	33,000	39,000	34,800	35,600	34,000	72,200	88,100	56,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	225	125	100	475	250	225	8,305	3,840	4,455
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,900	2,320	12,600	8,240	6,080	10,700	5,044	3,484	6,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20	0	0	50	20	30	835	275	560
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,000	...	...	9,600	9,000	10,000	9,940	7,050	11,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	235	130	105	585	325	265	10,525	5,055	5,470
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40	35	0	195	110	85	4,620	2,640	1,980
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	34,000	x	...	55,600	59,600	54,400	81,000	91,000	67,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	35,000	36,000	...	52,800	53,000	53,000	90,900	104,300	73,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	75	45	25	185	120	65	2,740	1,105	1,635
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,600	22,600	x	18,600	20,400	17,600	39,600	49,200	34,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	42,000	31,000	60,000	23,200	25,200	19,500	51,160	66,200	41,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.0	92.0	64.0	81.0	86.0	73.0	94.4	97.2	90.2
Employment income (%)	77.0	92.0	56.0	76.0	82.0	68.0	79.0	79.0	79.0
Government transfers (%)	20.0	6.8	35.0	19.0	13.2	26.4	5.5	2.9	9.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	x	x	2.2	1.6	3.2	1.1	0.4	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	105	...	...	265	...	...	5,335	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	89,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	78,500	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	25	...	...	35	...	...	1,305	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	43,600	...	...	60,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,800	...	...	41,200	...	...	51,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	85	...	...	225	...	...	4,030	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	84,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	120	...	...	235	...	...	5,330	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	115,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	25	...	...	1,280	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	32,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	28,000	...	...	72,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	80	...	...	215	...	...	4,055	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	159,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	128,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	105	...	...	265	...	...	5,335	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	55	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	20	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	40	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	80	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	100	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	95	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	120	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	115	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	140	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	0	...	...	15	...	...	280	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	270	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	305	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5	...	...	30	...	...	290	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	275	...	...
$100,000 and over	30	...	...	100	...	...	3,140	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	50	...	...	680	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	0	...	...	25	...	...	565	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	885	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	5	...	...	1,015	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	105	...	...	265	...	...	5,335	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	55	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	40	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	90	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	105	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	115	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	130	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	175	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	170	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	330	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	35	...	...	365	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	40	...	...	360	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	355	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	350	...	...
$100,000 and over	20	...	...	75	...	...	2,635	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5	...	...	35	...	...	775	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	665	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	10	...	...	1,200	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	80	...	...	215	...	...	3,890	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	78,500	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	35	...	...	1,300	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	71,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	62,800	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	120	...	...	2,160	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	162,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.8	...	...	4.5	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	45	...	...	350	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...	74,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	69,000	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	50	35	15	100	65	40	1,685	745	940
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	43,200	x	32,400	32,400	32,000	56,400	63,200	51,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	37,200	x	30,600	31,200	29,800	48,000	52,800	45,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	65	...	...	205	...	...	3,915	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	160,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	129,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	45	...	...	1,280	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	76,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	68,000	...	...	120,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	115	...	...	2,175	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	106,000	...	...	180,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	144,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	40	...	...	365	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	87,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	75,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	90	60	25	95	85	0	1,645	685	960
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	37,000	56,000	27,200	28,400	x	77,600	96,800	63,900
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,500	32,000	44,000	25,200	26,400	x	65,200	81,200	53,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	320	170	150	875	455	420	14,050	6,890	7,155
0 to 17 years	90	50	40	240	130	105	3,925	2,050	1,880
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	80	45	40	1,725	910	810
18 to 64 years	200	105	95	565	285	280	8,930	4,335	4,595
65 years and over	30	10	15	70	35	40	1,190	510	680
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	70	40	35	55	35	20	795	355	445
0 to 17 years	25	20	10	25	15	5	220	105	120
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	10	5	0	90	40	50
18 to 64 years	30	15	20	25	15	10	470	215	255
65 years and over	15	10	10	10	10	5	110	35	75
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	22.0	22.0	22.0	6.2	7.6	4.8	5.7	5.1	6.2
0 to 17 years (%)	30.0	36.0	20.0	10.0	12.0	8.0	5.6	5.0	6.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	25.0	x	12.0	12.0	x	5.2	4.6	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	15.0	10.0	20.0	4.0	4.5	3.6	5.2	4.9	5.5
65 years and over (%)	50.0	50.0	40.0	12.0	16.0	x	9.2	7.2	10.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	315	170	150	880	455	425	14,045	6,895	7,155
0 to 17 years	85	50	45	240	135	105	3,930	2,045	1,880
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	80	45	35	1,725	915	815
18 to 64 years	200	110	90	565	285	275	8,935	4,335	4,595
65 years and over	30	15	15	75	30	40	1,185	510	675
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	40	20	20	40	25	15	495	230	270
0 to 17 years	15	10	5	5	0	0	115	50	65
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	0	0	0	50	20	25
18 to 64 years	25	10	10	30	20	10	330	155	170
65 years and over	0	0	0	5	5	0	50	20	35
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	12.0	10.0	14.0	4.6	5.6	3.6	3.5	3.3	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	16.0	20.0	12.0	3.0	x	x	3.0	2.5	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	2.8	2.4	3.4
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	8.0	14.0	5.2	7.0	4.0	3.6	3.6	3.7
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	4.4	3.6	4.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	320	165	150	875	455	420	14,050	6,890	7,155
In bottom half of the distribution	260	140	120	610	325	285	4,420	2,055	2,365
In bottom decile	60	30	35	65	35	25	705	325	380
In second decile	60	30	30	150	80	70	725	310	420
In third decile	55	30	25	110	55	55	820	400	420
In fourth decile	50	25	25	145	75	70	1,025	480	540
In fifth decile	30	20	15	140	70	75	1,140	540	600
In top half of the distribution	60	30	30	265	135	140	9,630	4,835	4,790
In sixth decile	10	5	0	105	45	55	1,380	675	705
In seventh decile	20	10	10	85	45	40	1,675	835	835
In eighth decile	0	0	0	45	25	15	1,750	865	880
In ninth decile	15	0	5	25	10	10	2,245	1,140	1,110
In top decile	5	0	5	10	5	5	2,575	1,325	1,255
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	315	...	...	880	...	...	14,045	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...	0.206	...	...	0.320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.492	...	...	0.333	...	...	0.380	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266	...	...	0.185	...	...	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	2.3	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	315	170	150	880	455	425	14,060	6,900	7,155
English only	290	160	135	800	420	385	12,980	6,410	6,570
French only	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	0	5
English and French	10	5	10	50	25	25	870	410	465
Neither English nor French	15	10	10	25	10	15	205	80	125
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	315	170	150	880	455	425	14,060	6,900	7,155
English	305	155	140	825	425	395	13,595	6,685	6,910
French	0	0	0	15	10	5	190	95	95
English and French	5	5	0	15	5	5	75	40	35
Neither English nor French	15	10	10	25	10	15	200	80	120
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	315	170	150	880	455	425	14,060	6,900	7,155
Single responses	290	150	135	795	415	385	13,310	6,515	6,790
Official languages	125	60	60	385	210	185	9,595	4,760	4,835
English	125	60	60	385	200	180	9,410	4,665	4,745
French	0	0	0	10	5	5	185	95	90
Non-official languages	160	85	70	405	205	205	3,710	1,760	1,955
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	160	85	70	405	205	205	3,710	1,760	1,955
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	30	25	25	15	10	235	130	110
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	20	15	20	15	5	225	125	105
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Arabic	25	15	10	25	15	5	175	100	75
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	10	5	0	0	0	10	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0	10	0	5	95	45	50
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Vietnamese	10	5	0	10	0	5	85	35	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	25	20	80	35	40	650	295	355
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ilocano	5	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	5
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	15	60	30	30	565	255	310
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	115	55	60
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	5	5	0	20	15	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	15	15	245	120	125	1,930	910	1,015
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	220	245
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	220	245
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	115	55	55
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	65	35	35
German	0	0	0	5	0	0	70	35	30
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	220	110	115	565	265	310
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	215	105	110	530	240	285
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	20	10	15	20	5	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	5	0	5	110	50	60
Hindi	0	0	0	5	5	5	90	40	50
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Nepali	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	105	50	50	155	70	85
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Urdu	0	0	0	50	25	30	115	50	65
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	40	20	20
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5
Persian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	35	20	15
Dari	0	0	0	5	5	5	10	5	10
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	25	5	10	760	365	400
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40
Spanish	20	10	10	15	5	10	585	275	315
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	35	15	15	80	40	40
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	5	5	5	5	0	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	15	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	10	5	5	355	160	190
Chinese languages	20	10	10	10	5	0	350	160	190
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	120
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	10	5	0	110	50	65
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	20	15	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	5	0	0	20	15	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	15	80	45	35	755	385	365
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	45	35
English and non-official language(s)	25	20	10	60	30	30	590	305	285
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	70	35	35
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	315	170	150	880	455	425	14,060	6,900	7,155
English	125	70	55	400	210	185	9,710	4,795	4,915
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20
Non-official language	65	40	30	145	65	75	970	465	505
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	65	40	30	145	65	75	970	465	505
English and French	0	0	0	5	5	0	155	85	75
English and non-official language(s)	115	60	55	290	155	140	3,030	1,475	1,555
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	5	5	70	30	45
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	20	10	5	70	30	40
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	315	170	150	880	455	425	14,060	6,900	7,155
Single responses	265	145	125	785	410	380	13,315	6,525	6,790
Official languages	160	85	75	500	265	240	11,115	5,475	5,640
English	160	85	75	495	255	235	11,050	5,440	5,610
French	0	0	0	10	5	0	65	35	35
Non-official languages	105	60	50	285	150	140	2,205	1,050	1,150
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	105	60	50	285	150	140	2,205	1,050	1,150
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	15	10	5	5	135	65	70
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	20	20	10	5	0	130	65	65
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Arabic	25	10	10	10	10	0	105	55	55
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	45	20	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0	0	0	40	20	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	5	60	30	30	380	180	195
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	5	50	25	20	340	165	175
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	75	35	40
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0	20	15	5
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	20
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	10	5	175	85	90	1,145	550	595
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	135	130
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	130
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	20
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	5	165	85	80	370	170	200
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	5	165	80	80	345	160	190
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	15	10	10	10	5	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	35
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	100	50	55	90	45	50
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Urdu	0	0	0	25	15	10	60	30	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	0	10	5	10	505	245	260
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Spanish	5	5	0	10	5	10	415	200	215
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	65
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	15	10	5	30	15	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	10	5	5	225	105	120
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	225	105	120
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	90
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0	0	0	40	20	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	50	30	25	90	45	45	745	380	365
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	80	40	40	710	360	350
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	320	170	150	875	455	425	14,060	6,900	7,155
None	235	125	105	625	320	305	11,330	5,595	5,730
English	25	15	10	105	60	45	1,050	500	545
French	0	0	0	5	0	0	125	65	65
Non-official language	40	20	20	110	55	55	1,230	585	650
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	40	20	20	110	55	55	1,230	585	645
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	25	15	10	110	60	55
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	10	10	5	155	75	75
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	320	185	130	790	440	350	14,180	6,935	7,250
Official languages	280	170	115	775	430	340	13,960	6,850	7,115
English	280	170	115	775	430	340	13,960	6,850	7,115
French	15	10	0	85	50	40	810	380	430
Non-official languages	260	145	115	505	245	255	5,125	2,510	2,615
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	260	145	115	505	245	255	5,125	2,510	2,615
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	65	60	25	15	10	510	260	250
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	55	55	25	15	10	495	255	240
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	20
Arabic	55	15	40	25	15	10	325	180	145
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	45	35	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	35	10	25	105	70	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	35	10	25	85	50	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	65	45	20	115	55	60	825	365	465
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	30
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	45	20	105	45	60	785	350	435
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	40
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	0	15	305	145	160	2,705	1,300	1,400
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	245	300
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	245	300
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	145	180
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	285	140	145	1,055	525	525
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	255	125	130	950	485	465
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	125
Hindi	0	0	0	45	25	30	415	200	215
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	100	50	50	315	165	150
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	105	65	45	230	115	115
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	65
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0	15	25	0	15	1,025	485	535
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30
Spanish	20	0	15	25	0	15	850	410	440
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	20
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	80
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	125	95
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	75	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	230
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	230
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	150
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	115	95
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	20
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	320	190	130	785	440	355	14,180	6,935	7,250
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	20	10	10	405	170	235
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	20	10	10	400	165	235
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	75
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	115	155
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	320	190	130	770	425	340	13,775	6,765	7,010
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	320	190	130	785	440	355	14,180	6,935	7,250
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	20	55
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	320	190	130	785	440	350	14,105	6,910	7,190
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	120	...	...	240	...	...	5,330	...	...
Owner	40	...	...	200	...	...	3,975	...	...
Renter	75	...	...	40	...	...	1,360	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	120	...	...	240	...	...	5,330	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	75	...	...	1,890	...	...
Not condominium	115	...	...	165	...	...	3,440	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	120	...	...	240	...	...	5,330	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	35	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	0	...	...	760	...	...
2 bedrooms	35	...	...	45	...	...	1,365	...	...
3 bedrooms	55	...	...	110	...	...	1,760	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15	...	...	80	...	...	1,415	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	120	...	...	240	...	...	5,330	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	55	...	...	35	...	...	2,110	...	...
5 rooms	30	...	...	65	...	...	710	...	...
6 rooms	25	...	...	35	...	...	715	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	45	...	...	560	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	60	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.7	...	...	6.3	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	120	...	...	240	...	...	5,330	...	...
One person or fewer per room	110	...	...	225	...	...	5,205	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	15	...	...	120	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	120	...	...	240	...	...	5,330	...	...
Suitable	110	...	...	205	...	...	5,150	...	...
Not suitable	15	...	...	35	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	120	...	...	240	...	...	5,330	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	0	...	...	45	...	...
1961 to 1980	65	...	...	40	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	25	...	...	175	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	20	...	...	20	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	30	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,215	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,010	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	120	...	...	240	...	...	5,330	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	110	...	...	225	...	...	5,300	...	...
Major repairs needed	10	...	...	15	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	120	...	...	240	...	...	5,330	...	...
One-maintainer household	80	...	...	80	...	...	2,330	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25	...	...	110	...	...	2,870	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	50	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	120	...	...	240	...	...	5,330	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	10	...	...	225	...	...
25 to 34 years	10	...	...	35	...	...	1,380	...	...
35 to 44 years	35	...	...	65	...	...	1,710	...	...
45 to 54 years	10	...	...	65	...	...	870	...	...
55 to 64 years	30	...	...	30	...	...	495	...	...
65 to 74 years	15	...	...	30	...	...	395	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	0	...	...	170	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	115	...	...	240	...	...	5,305	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	90	...	...	190	...	...	4,040	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	20	...	...	50	...	...	1,265	...	...
30% to less than 100%	20	...	...	45	...	...	1,115	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	120	...	...	240	...	...	5,330	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	95	...	...	1,435	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	20	...	...	50	...	...	1,225	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	35	...	...	155	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	20	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	75	...	...	145	...	...	3,890	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	115	...	...	235	...	...	5,150	...	...
In core need	20	...	...	20	...	...	300	...	...
Not in core need	95	...	...	215	...	...	4,855	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	45	...	...	200	...	...	3,975	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	88.9	...	...	80.0	...	...	88.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	17.5	...	...	18.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,700	...	...	2,380	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,600	...	...	2,412	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	310,000	...	...	520,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	230,000	...	...	318,000	...	...	569,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	75	...	...	40	...	...	1,355	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	26.7	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	37.5	...	...	40.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	15.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,460	...	...	1,560	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...	1,200	...	...	1,702	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	315	190	130	790	435	350	14,185	6,935	7,245
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	10	0	0	85	40	45
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	85	40	45
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	10	0	0	40	10	25
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	15
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	155	225
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	155	210
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	55	90
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	315	185	130	765	425	340	13,720	6,740	6,985
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	320	190	130	790	435	350	14,185	6,935	7,250
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	250	145	100	665	360	305	12,395	6,085	6,305
Canadian citizens aged under 18	85	60	30	200	115	85	3,740	1,915	1,830
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	155	85	75	465	245	225	8,650	4,175	4,475
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	70	40	30	125	80	45	1,785	845	945
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	320	190	130	790	435	350	14,185	6,935	7,250
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	105	70	35	375	220	155	9,535	4,705	4,830
Immigrants⁸¹	200	105	100	390	200	190	4,375	2,105	2,270
Before 1980	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	135	160
1980 to 1990	10	0	0	25	20	0	220	95	125
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	55	25	30	440	225	215
2001 to 2010	40	25	25	130	75	60	1,330	690	635
2011 to 2021⁸²	150	80	70	170	80	85	2,095	960	1,135
2011 to 2015	85	45	40	65	30	40	1,085	465	620
2016 to 2021	60	35	30	100	55	50	1,015	500	510
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	25	20	0	270	130	145
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	205	105	95	385	200	190	4,375	2,105	2,275
Under 5 years	15	0	0	45	15	30	460	205	260
5 to 14 years	45	30	20	55	20	30	685	335	350
15 to 24 years	45	35	10	55	40	10	670	295	380
25 to 44 years	65	15	50	195	105	95	2,185	1,075	1,105
45 years and over	35	20	10	35	15	20	380	195	180
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	205	105	95	385	200	190	4,375	2,105	2,275
Americas	0	0	0	15	10	10	685	335	345
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	390	375
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	25
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	60
Africa	80	55	25	30	20	15	575	295	285
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30
Eritrea	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	25	10	10	0	0	0	35	15	20
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	100
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	20
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	15	15	0	165	75	85
Asia	115	50	65	340	165	175	2,320	1,065	1,255
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	35	10	20	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	20	0	15	0	0	0	15	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	105
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Philippines	35	20	15	90	45	50	735	300	440
Viet Nam	0	0	0	25	0	20	60	35	30
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
India	0	0	0	75	30	50	580	280	300
Pakistan	0	0	0	90	50	35	135	70	65
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	20	15	0	310	135	175
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	60	35	25	105	55	50	1,010	500	510
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	125	95
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15
Africa	20	20	0	0	0	0	155	85	65
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	30	15	20	105	55	50	515	230	285
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	15	0	10	200	90	110
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Philippines	15	10	0	40	20	15	190	85	100
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	40
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	320	185	135	790	440	355	14,180	6,935	7,250
First generation¹⁰⁰	230	130	100	420	225	200	4,790	2,285	2,505
Second generation¹⁰¹	50	30	20	205	105	95	3,245	1,685	1,560
Third generation or more¹⁰²	35	30	10	165	110	50	6,145	2,960	3,185
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	200	110	95	380	200	185	4,080	1,970	2,115
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	35	20	20	195	85	105	2,765	1,420	1,345
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	25	10	15	70	30	40	1,105	735	370
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15	10	0	120	50	70	1,655	685	970
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	50	25	25	110	65	45	980	380	600
Refugees¹⁰⁸	120	60	60	75	50	30	335	170	165
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	200	110	95	380	200	185	4,080	1,970	2,115
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	30	20	10	130	85	45
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	30	15	15	75	35	40	635	305	325
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	195	135
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	170	95	80	275	145	130	2,840	1,320	1,520
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	320	185	130	785	440	355	14,180	6,935	7,250
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	260	150	105	605	315	290	5,680	2,785	2,900
South Asian	0	0	0	275	140	130	1,355	675	675
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	285	275
Black	100	65	30	45	25	10	720	370	350
Filipino	60	45	20	150	75	75	1,135	500	635
Arab	55	20	40	0	0	0	285	155	125
Latin American	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	315	315
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	40	10	30	265	125	135
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	90
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	95
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	40	25	15	295	150	135
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	65	35	20	185	125	60	8,500	4,145	4,355
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	320	185	130	790	435	350	14,185	6,935	7,250
Canadian	0	0	0	70	45	25	1,435	765	670
English	15	0	15	50	35	20	2,370	1,165	1,205
Irish	10	0	0	25	15	10	1,825	855	975
Scottish	20	15	0	55	35	20	2,000	985	1,020
French, n.o.s.¹²²	0	0	0	45	35	10	915	455	460
German	0	0	0	10	0	0	1,695	850	845
Chinese	0	0	0	15	10	0	720	355	365
Italian	0	0	0	10	0	0	395	205	195
Indian (India)	0	0	0	65	45	20	835	440	390
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	380	480
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	475	220	255
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	215	235
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	180	240
Filipino	65	45	15	115	75	40	1,155	500	660
French Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	45	30
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	155
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	45	90
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	85	120
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	135	100
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	175	225
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	145	190
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	140	130
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	95	50
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	140	200
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	95	70
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	10	0	125	65	60
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
Pakistani	0	0	0	85	50	35	195	90	110
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	15	15	0	150	70	80
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	70
Punjabi	0	0	0	55	35	25	90	50	40
Vietnamese	0	0	0	45	15	30	190	75	110
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	55	80
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15	10	10	60	30	25
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	25	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	120	95
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	55	20
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	30
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	35
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	40
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	20
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	55	25
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	45
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	75	45
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	10
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	80
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	90
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	35
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	20
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	35
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	0	35
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	35
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	60
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	30
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	15
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	45	30	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	15
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	320	190	130	785	440	355	14,180	6,930	7,250
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	45
Christian	175	105	70	325	185	135	7,245	3,375	3,870
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	0	0	0	65	45	20	1,580	770	815
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	10	0	10	195	60	130
Baptist	0	0	0	25	20	0	115	50	60
Catholic	155	90	60	125	75	55	3,810	1,805	2,005
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	140
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	70
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	50	110
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	35	70
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	10	0	10	0	0	0	285	140	145
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	80	35	45	370	160	210
Hindu	0	0	0	50	25	25	520	260	260
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	45
Muslim	70	40	30	180	100	75	870	450	425
Sikh	0	0	0	85	35	45	285	140	140
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
No religion and secular perspectives	75	45	30	135	75	60	5,080	2,625	2,455
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	320	190	130	790	435	350	13,865	6,780	7,085
Non-movers	300	175	125	745	415	330	10,435	5,150	5,280
Movers	20	15	0	45	20	25	3,425	1,625	1,800
Non-migrants	20	15	0	40	20	20	2,680	1,265	1,415
Migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	365	390
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	275	320
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	140	145
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	135	175
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	65
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	295	175	120	715	380	330	12,735	6,185	6,550
Non-movers	150	100	55	475	245	230	3,060	1,540	1,525
Movers	145	75	70	235	140	100	9,675	4,645	5,030
Non-migrants	115	55	60	155	85	75	6,675	3,205	3,470
Migrants	25	25	0	80	55	25	3,000	1,435	1,555
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,020	1,085
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	595	595
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	425	490
External migrants	25	25	0	75	55	25	900	420	475
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	135	100	585	325	265	10,525	5,055	5,470
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	75	40	30	110	50	60	1,000	520	485
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	165	90	70	480	275	210	9,525	4,540	4,985
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	170	95	75	425	240	190	8,190	4,000	4,180
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	55	30	25	55	30	25	405	220	185
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	115	60	50	370	210	165	7,785	3,785	4,000
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	130	100	590	325	270	10,525	5,055	5,470
No certificate, diploma or degree	65	30	30	100	40	60	845	405	440
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	100	65	30	185	120	65	2,455	1,255	1,200
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	75	35	40	305	165	140	7,225	3,395	3,825
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	25	40	145	85	60	3,100	1,545	1,555
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15	15	0	25	20	0	655	490	165
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	120	110
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	20	15	0	425	370	55
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	35	15	25	90	45	45	1,960	860	1,100
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	15	35	25	15	480	190	290
Bachelor's degree or higher	10	10	0	160	80	75	4,125	1,855	2,270
Bachelor's degree	10	10	0	120	45	70	2,935	1,320	1,620
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	115
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	85
Master's degree	0	0	0	20	10	10	735	310	425
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	170	95	75	430	240	185	8,185	4,005	4,185
No certificate, diploma or degree	45	20	25	50	25	25	295	140	150
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	60	45	15	120	80	40	1,580	865	715
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60	30	35	260	130	125	6,310	2,995	3,315
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	55	20	35	110	60	50	2,555	1,300	1,255
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15	10	0	10	10	0	550	415	135
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	90	90
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	10	0	0	0	0	370	325	45
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	30	10	20	75	35	45	1,610	735	870
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	15	15	0	400	150	250
Bachelor's degree or higher	10	10	0	145	70	75	3,755	1,695	2,065
Bachelor's degree	10	10	0	110	40	65	2,655	1,200	1,450
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	110
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	80
Master's degree	0	0	0	20	15	0	680	285	395
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	230	130	100	590	320	265	10,525	5,055	5,470
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	160	95	60	280	160	125	3,300	1,660	1,645
Education	0	0	0	20	0	15	425	95	340
13. Education	0	0	0	20	0	15	425	95	340
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	55	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	45	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	15	75
Humanities	0	0	0	10	0	0	260	80	180
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	0	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	10	0	0	85	30	55
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	0	0	0	50	15	30	725	235	490
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	40	75
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	0	90
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	10	0	0	110	20	90
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	10	0	10	160	35	130
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	25	0	20	245	140	105
Business, management and public administration	25	0	20	45	35	10	1,790	770	1,015
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	0	60
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	20	0	10	40	35	0	1,720	765	955
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	10	0	0	270	105	165
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	20	75
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	90	55	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	0	0	15	10	0	405	290	115
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	0	15	10	0	360	255	105
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	15	0	65	65	0	1,495	1,275	220
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20
14. Engineering	0	0	0	30	30	0	645	540	110
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15	15	0	335	265	70
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	200	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	0	0	20	20	0	175	165	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	80	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	10	0	90	30	60
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10	10	0	80	25	60
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Health and related fields	0	0	0	70	10	60	1,315	295	1,025
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	70	10	60	1,190	230	960
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	10	0	0	315	165	150
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	0	0	150	25	125
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	90	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	45	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	170	95	75	425	240	185	8,190	4,000	4,185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	105	65	40	170	110	60	1,875	1,010	870
Education	0	0	0	20	0	10	355	85	270
13. Education	0	0	0	20	0	10	355	85	270
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65
Humanities	0	0	0	10	0	0	205	55	150
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	10	0	0	60	15	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	0	0	0	50	15	30	635	215	420
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	55
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	0	75
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	10	0	0	90	20	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	35	110
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	25	10	20	235	130	105
Business, management and public administration	20	0	15	35	30	10	1,575	670	905
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	0	55
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	20	0	15	35	30	0	1,515	665	850
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	10	0	10	225	95	135
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	20	65
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	45	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	10	10	0	385	275	105
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	0	0	0	340	245	95
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	15	0	45	45	0	1,310	1,100	210
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20
14. Engineering	0	0	0	25	25	0	570	470	100
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	310	240	70
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	175	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	0	0	10	10	0	140	135	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	65	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	10	0	80	25	55
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10	10	0	75	25	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	0	0	0	60	0	50	1,145	285	855
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	20
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	60	0	50	1,040	225	815
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	25	115
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	85	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	45	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	170	95	75	425	240	185	8,190	4,000	4,185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	105	65	40	170	110	60	1,875	1,010	870
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	60	30	30	255	135	125	6,310	2,995	3,315
Location of study inside Canada	35	15	15	95	40	55	4,330	2,035	2,295
Same as province or territory of residence	35	15	15	80	30	50	3,210	1,500	1,705
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	15	15	0	1,120	530	590
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	30	10	15	165	90	70	1,980	960	1,020
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	225
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	145	95
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	25
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	190	155
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	15	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15
Africa	10	10	0	0	0	0	230	120	110
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	60
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	10	0	0	0	0	45	15	30
Asia	20	0	15	150	85	65	900	380	520
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25
Philippines	0	0	0	55	20	30	345	140	195
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	45	30	15	275	120	155
Pakistan	0	0	0	35	25	10	55	30	25
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	35
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	235	130	100	590	325	270	10,525	5,055	5,470
In the labour force	140	95	45	455	265	185	8,080	4,160	3,920
Employed	120	85	35	385	220	165	7,380	3,845	3,540
Unemployed	20	10	0	70	45	25	695	315	380
Not in the labour force	90	30	60	135	60	75	2,445	895	1,555
Participation rate	59.6	73.1	45.0	77.1	81.5	68.5	76.8	82.3	71.7
Employment rate	51.1	65.4	35.0	65.3	67.7	61.1	70.1	76.1	64.7
Unemployment rate	14.3	10.5	0.0	15.4	17.0	13.5	8.6	7.6	9.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	230	130	100	590	320	265	10,525	5,055	5,470
Did not work¹⁸⁶	115	50	65	190	85	105	2,570	995	1,570
Worked	120	85	40	400	240	160	7,955	4,060	3,900
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	45	40	0	195	110	85	4,795	2,755	2,035
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	75	45	30	205	130	75	3,165	1,295	1,865
Average weeks worked in reference year	32.4	36.4	23.0	40.0	37.6	43.4	42.2	43.9	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	140	100	40	455	270	190	8,080	4,160	3,920
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	15	10	10	175	85	85
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	135	100	35	435	260	180	7,910	4,080	3,830
Employee	100	85	15	405	235	165	6,775	3,380	3,395
Permanent position	90	75	15	315	175	140	5,995	3,080	2,915
Temporary position	0	0	0	85	60	30	785	300	480
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	20	20	0	210	75	135
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	0	0	0	65	40	25	570	225	345
Self-employed¹⁹²	35	15	20	30	20	10	1,130	695	435
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	140	100	40	455	270	190	8,080	4,160	3,920
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	15	10	10	175	85	85
All occupations¹⁹¹	135	100	35	435	260	180	7,910	4,080	3,830
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	100	25
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	0	0	0	65	30	40	1,600	480	1,130
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	815	275
3 Health occupations	0	0	0	35	10	30	980	240	740
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	0	0	0	30	0	30	820	255	560
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65
6 Sales and service occupations	50	35	20	155	85	75	1,590	710	875
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	50	40	10	120	115	10	1,255	1,130	125
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	100	25
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	15	0	15	15	0	175	160	15
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	140	100	40	455	270	190	8,080	4,160	3,920
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	15	10	10	175	85	85
All industries¹⁹¹	135	100	35	435	260	180	7,910	4,080	3,830
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	10	10	0	470	280	190
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	90	35
23 Construction	30	30	0	15	15	0	810	645	160
31-33 Manufacturing	15	15	0	20	20	0	345	275	70
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	175	105
44-45 Retail trade	0	0	0	75	50	20	805	385	420
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10	0	0	75	65	15	435	310	120
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	90	50
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	150	160
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	15	15	0	135	70	70
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	0	0	0	20	20	0	865	490	375
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30	10	20	40	10	30	325	190	135
61 Educational services	0	0	0	10	0	10	465	115	345
62 Health care and social assistance	15	15	0	55	10	45	1,280	250	1,025
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	55
72 Accommodation and food services	10	10	0	45	20	25	325	155	170
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	25	15	15	305	145	155
91 Public administration	0	0	0	20	10	10	330	185	150
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	155	110	45	445	265	185	8,430	4,280	4,155
English	125	95	30	410	240	170	8,025	4,085	3,940
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
English and French	0	0	0	10	10	0	65	35	35
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	20	0	10	265	130	135
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	155	110	45	445	265	185	8,430	4,280	4,155
Single responses	150	110	40	440	260	180	8,400	4,260	4,145
Official languages	130	95	30	435	260	180	8,310	4,210	4,100
English	130	95	30	435	260	180	8,285	4,205	4,080
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20
Non-official languages	25	15	15	0	0	0	95	50	45
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	15	15	0	0	0	95	50	45
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	155	110	45	445	265	185	8,430	4,280	4,155
None	145	105	40	425	245	175	8,105	4,125	3,980
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25
French	0	0	0	10	10	0	60	35	25
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	100
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	100
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	125	85	35	380	220	165	7,380	3,850	3,535
Worked at home	0	0	0	45	15	25	2,150	1,020	1,130
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
No fixed workplace address	50	35	15	95	80	15	1,145	830	315
Usual place of work	80	55	20	245	125	120	4,070	1,975	2,095
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	80	60	20	245	125	125	4,070	1,975	2,095
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	70	50	15	220	120	95	3,700	1,755	1,940
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	20	0	15	265	135	130
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	50	20
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	125	90	35	340	205	135	5,210	2,810	2,410
Car, truck or van	105	75	30	275	170	100	4,665	2,560	2,105
Car, truck or van - as a driver	85	55	25	250	165	90	4,430	2,495	1,940
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	20	20	0	25	0	15	235	70	165
Public transit	20	15	0	50	25	25	180	75	105
Walked	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	50	150
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	105	40
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	125	90	35	340	205	135	5,210	2,810	2,410
Less than 15 minutes	15	0	10	75	35	40	945	325	620
15 to 29 minutes	75	60	20	155	110	50	2,550	1,485	1,065
30 to 44 minutes	15	15	0	75	40	35	1,170	675	495
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	175	115
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	25	20	10	245	145	105
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	125	90	35	340	205	135	5,210	2,810	2,410
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	25	20	0	10	0	0	330	235	95
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25	25	0	75	45	30	1,045	600	450
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20	15	0	75	55	25	1,585	840	740
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	15	0	0	40	25	15	960	490	470
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	0	0	0	25	20	10	600	275	325
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35	10	20	105	55	55	690	365	320
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	90	45	40	245	140	110	3,965	2,065	1,900
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	5	5	0	275	145	130
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	90	45	40	240	130	110	3,685	1,920	1,770
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	60	35	25	175	100	75	2,430	1,255	1,175
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	5	0	0	175	95	85
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	5	0	0	95	45	50
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	50	35
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60	35	25	170	95	75	2,250	1,165	1,090

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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