Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48061016More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48062789More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	463	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	616	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	177	...	...	638,160	...	...	251	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	161	...	...	604,628	...	...	245	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,897.3	...	...	126.1	...	...	1,236.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.12	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	0.50	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	465	235	225	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	615	310	305
0 to 14 years	115	60	50	294,075	151,285	142,785	85	50	40
0 to 4 years	30	15	15	89,790	46,155	43,630	30	15	15
5 to 9 years	45	20	20	100,905	51,680	49,225	30	15	15
10 to 14 years	45	30	20	103,380	53,450	49,930	35	20	15
15 to 64 years	265	135	125	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	445	225	215
15 to 19 years	20	10	10	92,025	47,355	44,675	45	20	25
20 to 24 years	20	10	5	91,515	47,260	44,260	35	15	20
25 to 29 years	15	5	10	101,235	50,320	50,915	55	30	25
30 to 34 years	35	15	15	123,235	60,255	62,980	45	25	20
35 to 39 years	40	15	20	132,045	64,950	67,095	40	20	20
40 to 44 years	25	15	10	121,735	60,110	61,625	40	15	20
45 to 49 years	25	10	15	111,345	55,485	55,860	45	15	25
50 to 54 years	20	10	10	103,325	51,835	51,490	40	20	20
55 to 59 years	30	15	20	101,580	50,260	51,320	55	30	25
60 to 64 years	30	20	15	96,735	47,710	49,020	50	30	20
65 years and over	85	40	50	221,795	103,495	118,300	85	40	45
65 to 69 years	35	15	20	78,095	38,250	39,845	40	15	25
70 to 74 years	35	15	15	58,785	28,310	30,475	25	10	10
75 to 79 years	10	5	5	36,570	17,235	19,340	5	5	0
80 to 84 years	5	5	5	23,750	10,405	13,350	5	5	5
85 years and over	5	0	0	24,595	9,300	15,290	10	5	5
85 to 89 years	5	0	0	15,285	6,230	9,050	10	0	5
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24.7	25.5	22.2	18.5	19.1	17.8	13.8	16.1	13.1
15 to 64 years	57.0	57.4	55.6	67.6	67.8	67.4	72.4	72.6	70.5
65 years and over	18.3	17.0	22.2	13.9	13.1	14.8	13.8	12.9	14.8
85 years and over	1.1	0.0	0.0	1.5	1.2	1.9	1.6	1.6	1.6
Average age of the population	39.3	38.4	40.4	38.9	38.3	39.6	40.1	39.6	40.6
Median age of the population	39.2	37.6	40.4	38.4	38.0	39.2	40.0	39.2	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	165	...	...	604,630	...	...	245	...	...
Single-detached house	100	...	...	351,925	...	...	215	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	39,065	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	57,180	...	...	30	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	60	...	...	21,855	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	89,225	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	160	...	...	604,630	...	...	245	...	...
1 person	40	...	...	151,770	...	...	70	...	...
2 persons	50	...	...	196,980	...	...	75	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	96,165	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	97,780	...	...	45	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	61,930	...	...	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	460	235	220	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	615	310	305
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	350	180	170	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	525	260	265
Married or living common-law	200	100	100	773,480	387,015	386,465	270	135	135
Married	175	90	90	657,160	328,650	328,510	205	100	105
Living common-law	20	10	10	116,320	58,365	57,960	60	30	30
Living common law - Never married	15	10	10	87,265	43,935	43,330	45	25	20
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	0	5	23,185	11,490	11,690	10	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	150	75	75	523,090	252,020	271,065	255	130	130
Not married and not living common law - Never married	90	55	35	364,145	197,890	166,255	165	85	80
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	5	5	29,375	12,665	16,710	25	15	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	25	15	15	79,920	30,945	48,970	50	20	30
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	20	5	15	49,640	10,520	39,125	15	10	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	125	...	...	438,900	...	...	170	...	...
2 persons	60	...	...	204,395	...	...	85	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	94,815	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	97,660	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	42,025	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.1	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	125	...	...	438,900	...	...	170	...	...
Total couple families	95	...	...	377,050	...	...	130	...	...
Married couples	85	...	...	318,890	...	...	100	...	...
With children⁶	50	...	...	190,345	...	...	50	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	128,545	...	...	50	...	...
Common-law couples	10	...	...	58,160	...	...	30	...	...
With children⁶	0	...	...	19,165	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	38,995	...	...	15	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	61,850	...	...	40	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	47,785	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	14,065	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	460	235	220	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	615	315	300
Total - Persons in census families	395	200	195	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	485	250	240
Married spouses or common-law partners	200	100	100	754,090	377,085	377,010	260	130	125
Parents in one-parent families	25	5	25	61,855	14,065	47,790	40	15	25
Children⁶	175	95	75	492,710	260,395	232,315	190	105	85
In a two-parent family	125	75	50	396,580	208,580	188,000	115	60	55
In a one-parent family	45	25	20	96,130	51,815	44,315	75	45	30
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	65	35	30	263,280	130,670	132,615	130	65	65
Living alone	35	20	15	151,765	71,605	80,165	70	35	35
Living with other relatives⁷	5	5	5	40,060	17,085	22,975	20	10	10
Living with non-relatives only	20	10	10	71,460	41,975	29,480	40	20	20
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	160	...	...	604,630	...	...	245	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	105	...	...	375,185	...	...	130	...	...
Couple-family households	85	...	...	328,515	...	...	110	...	...
With children⁶	50	...	...	182,665	...	...	60	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	145,845	...	...	50	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	46,670	...	...	25	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	20,165	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	4,730	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	22,485	...	...	15	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	30,295	...	...	15	...	...
One-person households	35	...	...	151,765	...	...	70	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	350	175	170	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	525	265	260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	330	165	160	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	505	250	250
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,200	31,600	44,800	52,400	39,200	39,600	43,200	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	330	165	160	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	505	250	250
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,200	30,200	40,400	46,000	36,000	35,200	38,400	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	265	140	125	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	445	220	220
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,000	36,000	17,000	40,800	50,000	32,400	29,800	38,800	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	215	120	95	922,195	474,800	447,395	375	190	190
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	35,600	23,400	42,400	50,800	34,800	32,400	43,200	22,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	310	155	155	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	460	230	225
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	11,200	14,500	7,600	5,600	9,100	9,300	6,900	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40	25	20	136,975	64,415	72,555	80	40	45
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	5,920	6,280	5,800	5,760	5,880	6,280	6,280	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	125	60	65	384,535	184,820	199,710	185	90	95
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	10,000	11,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	335	155	180	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	515	265	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	320	155	170	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	490	250	240
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,800	43,000	40,400	65,500	78,400	52,850	45,400	50,800	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	320	155	170	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	490	250	240
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,400	39,000	36,000	53,050	61,750	44,560	39,400	44,000	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	270	130	140	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	420	230	195
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,000	32,000	62,300	76,300	48,160	40,400	46,000	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	200	95	100	922,200	475,075	447,125	350	180	175
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	36,000	33,500	60,800	73,200	47,640	38,000	46,400	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	300	140	160	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	435	240	200
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,800	12,400	15,100	10,020	8,930	11,050	11,720	10,100	13,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30	0	20	136,685	64,550	72,135	80	35	45
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,400	...	6,800	7,070	6,620	7,480	9,200	6,000	11,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	110	55	55	383,100	184,610	198,485	125	75	50
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	10,000	8,000	9,270	9,160	9,380	11,600	11,600	11,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	335	155	180	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	515	270	245
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	55	30	25	432,255	245,295	186,965	150	90	60
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,200	x	x	73,000	80,000	65,000	61,600	62,000	48,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,000	52,000	64,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	61,000	64,000	56,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	110	45	65	374,345	173,060	201,290	150	70	80
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	37,200	14,200	20,400	23,400	18,400	18,200	24,600	8,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,400	31,000	23,000	33,960	40,480	28,360	24,800	34,000	16,500
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	69.0	74.0	64.0	86.6	90.2	81.4	77.0	82.0	71.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	51.0	52.0	50.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	60.4	65.0	54.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	30.8	26.0	35.5	13.4	9.8	18.5	23.2	18.4	29.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	x	2.0	1.2	0.9	1.7	3.3	1.6	5.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.4	8.4	8.4	5.0	3.9	6.5	7.2	7.0	7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.2	7.6	6.8	4.5	3.6	5.7	6.4	6.4	6.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	345	175	170	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	530	260	265
Without total income	20	10	10	63,430	30,900	32,525	25	15	10
With total income	330	170	165	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	500	250	250
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	15	15	107,500	44,415	63,085	50	15	30
$10,000 to $19,999	50	20	25	115,465	47,780	67,690	40	15	25
$20,000 to $29,999	65	30	30	178,230	78,800	99,430	90	40	45
$30,000 to $39,999	55	30	30	142,910	61,170	81,740	75	40	35
$40,000 to $49,999	35	20	15	122,655	55,960	66,690	80	35	45
$50,000 to $59,999	40	25	15	101,530	48,280	53,245	35	15	20
$60,000 to $69,999	20	15	5	85,080	42,725	42,355	35	20	10
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	68,705	36,885	31,825	35	25	5
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	53,900	30,515	23,385	10	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	45,345	25,570	19,775	25	15	10
$100,000 and over	10	5	5	193,625	128,165	65,460	25	15	10
$100,000 to $149,999	10	5	5	113,250	69,295	43,955	25	15	10
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	80,375	58,870	21,505	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	345	175	170	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	530	260	265
Without after-tax income	20	10	10	62,710	30,505	32,210	25	15	10
With after-tax income	330	170	165	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	500	250	250
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	15	15	112,205	46,185	66,020	50	15	30
$10,000 to $19,999	45	20	30	120,545	50,115	70,430	45	20	25
$20,000 to $29,999	70	35	35	201,940	89,680	112,255	100	50	55
$30,000 to $39,999	65	35	35	166,565	73,405	93,160	100	50	55
$40,000 to $49,999	50	25	25	143,135	67,430	75,705	65	30	35
$50,000 to $59,999	30	20	10	114,565	57,190	57,380	55	35	20
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	10	87,375	47,045	40,330	35	25	10
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	65,115	36,810	28,305	25	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	5	5	0	51,690	28,935	22,760	15	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	35,160	21,215	13,945	10	5	0
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	117,360	82,665	34,700	10	5	0
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	48,950	32,240	16,710	10	5	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	68,410	50,430	17,985	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	345	175	170	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	530	260	265
Without employment income	135	55	75	356,175	156,380	199,795	150	75	75
With employment income	215	120	95	922,200	474,800	447,395	380	190	190
Under $5,000 (including loss)	30	15	15	116,020	54,130	61,895	55	20	30
$5,000 to $9,999	30	15	20	73,350	31,190	42,165	30	5	25
$10,000 to $19,999	30	15	15	101,970	44,705	57,260	45	15	30
$20,000 to $29,999	25	10	10	78,390	35,640	42,745	45	25	25
$30,000 to $39,999	30	15	15	73,695	34,455	39,235	40	20	20
$40,000 to $49,999	20	15	5	71,335	34,515	36,815	35	20	15
$50,000 to $59,999	20	10	10	67,050	32,805	34,245	25	10	10
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	5	60,120	30,900	29,220	35	20	10
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	49,420	27,665	21,750	25	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	5	5	0	40,555	23,400	17,160	20	15	0
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	37,010	20,630	16,375	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	153,280	104,755	48,525	15	10	5
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	61,175	36,970	24,210	15	5	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	92,100	67,780	24,320	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	350	175	170	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	525	265	260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	325	165	155	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	490	245	245
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	39,200	29,400	44,400	53,200	37,600	38,800	44,400	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	320	165	155	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	490	245	245
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,600	27,600	40,000	46,400	34,400	36,000	39,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	255	135	125	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	445	225	220
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,000	24,200	43,600	52,800	35,600	36,800	42,400	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	210	115	95	923,490	475,205	448,285	385	200	190
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,000	29,000	44,800	53,600	37,600	38,400	43,200	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	295	145	150	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	430	210	220
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	1,980	11,600	1,190	960	3,040	1,920	1,050	4,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	30	15	20	85,480	38,765	46,720	60	35	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	x	x	6,450	5,680	7,200	4,960	5,160	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	335	155	180	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	515	265	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	315	150	165	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	470	245	220
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	38,000	39,200	65,500	80,000	51,400	45,000	48,800	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	315	150	165	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	470	245	220
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	34,500	34,800	52,650	62,600	43,000	38,600	41,600	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	255	120	140	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	420	230	190
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,000	34,000	65,600	80,800	50,200	43,600	47,200	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	210	100	110	923,490	475,385	448,110	345	185	160
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	36,000	38,000	64,100	77,600	49,760	45,200	49,600	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	290	130	160	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	405	215	190
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,400	7,400	11,000	6,130	5,076	7,130	6,680	5,400	8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15	0	0	84,820	38,275	46,545	40	20	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	...	...	8,200	7,120	9,080	8,800	8,000	9,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	335	155	180	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	515	270	245
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	55	30	25	428,265	243,165	185,105	140	90	50
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,800	x	x	70,500	78,500	62,000	54,000	58,400	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,000	44,000	80,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	60,000	60,000	60,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	105	45	60	353,070	163,500	189,570	140	70	70
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,400	35,200	29,200	28,800	33,200	25,600	35,200	40,000	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,000	37,000	30,000	43,720	53,050	35,720	38,000	42,000	34,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	78.0	84.0	74.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	87.0	90.0	82.0
Employment income (%)	63.0	60.0	66.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	73.5	76.0	70.0
Government transfers (%)	22.4	17.0	27.0	7.9	5.3	11.9	12.9	9.8	17.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	x	x	0.9	0.6	1.4	1.8	1.4	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	160	...	...	604,630	...	...	245	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	100,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	35	...	...	151,765	...	...	70	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,200	...	...	50,400	...	...	43,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	44,000	...	...	41,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	125	...	...	452,860	...	...	175	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	104,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	160	...	...	604,630	...	...	240	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	131,600	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	106,600	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	151,830	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	67,800	...	...	57,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	55,250	...	...	48,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	120	...	...	452,795	...	...	160	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	152,800	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	160	...	...	604,630	...	...	245	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	6,730	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,245	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,475	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,245	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	16,055	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	16,860	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	14,380	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	16,415	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	17,790	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	17,750	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	36,405	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	37,740	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	37,230	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	35,705	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	34,355	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	40	...	...	303,255	...	...	90	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	74,975	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	58,215	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10	...	...	76,310	...	...	25	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	93,755	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	160	...	...	604,630	...	...	245	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	7,625	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,380	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,615	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,745	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	17,335	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	19,015	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	16,770	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	19,345	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	21,320	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	21,155	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	44,695	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	45,520	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	44,095	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	42,705	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	38,715	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	30	...	...	251,600	...	...	70	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	78,970	...	...	40	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	56,565	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	116,060	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	120	...	...	431,155	...	...	165	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	103,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	151,045	...	...	50	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	107,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	209,715	...	...	70	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.5	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	56,700	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	55	35	20	223,225	113,580	109,645	110	55	55
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400	45,200	39,600	44,400	46,000	43,200	40,400	43,600	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	40,000	36,400	40,000	40,800	38,800	37,200	38,400	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	115	...	...	431,010	...	...	155	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	151,205	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	209,670	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15	...	...	56,445	...	...	20	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	90,200	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	65	35	30	223,320	113,715	109,605	120	60	60
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,000	48,000	56,000	60,050	61,950	58,050	49,000	54,000	44,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	44,000	48,000	49,640	50,640	48,560	42,000	46,000	39,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	460	240	225	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	615	310	305
0 to 17 years	125	65	60	349,785	179,925	169,860	115	60	55
0 to 5 years	35	20	20	109,785	56,290	53,495	35	15	15
18 to 64 years	250	135	115	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	415	210	205
65 years and over	85	40	45	209,135	99,390	109,740	85	40	45
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	55	25	30	134,160	64,550	69,610	50	20	25
0 to 17 years	20	5	10	35,370	18,260	17,110	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	11,490	5,880	5,610	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	30	15	15	78,110	37,880	40,225	25	15	10
65 years and over	10	5	5	20,680	8,400	12,270	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.0	11.0	13.0	8.5	8.3	8.8	7.4	7.2	7.6
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	10.0	16.0	10.1	10.2	10.1	9.0	10.0	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	16.0	x	20.0	10.5	10.5	10.5	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	12.0	12.0	7.7	7.5	7.9	6.0	6.0	6.0
65 years and over (%)	10.0	x	10.0	9.9	8.5	11.2	12.0	10.0	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	460	235	220	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	615	315	300
0 to 17 years	125	65	60	349,790	179,930	169,855	115	65	50
0 to 5 years	40	15	20	109,785	56,290	53,500	30	20	15
18 to 64 years	250	130	120	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	420	210	205
65 years and over	85	40	50	209,130	99,390	109,740	85	40	45
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	25	15	10	81,680	42,310	39,370	35	20	15
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	18,085	9,305	8,780	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	5,625	2,890	2,730	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	15	10	5	57,155	29,990	27,170	25	15	15
65 years and over	5	0	0	6,440	3,015	3,420	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	6.0	5.0	5.2	5.4	5.0	5.2	5.0	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	5.2	5.2	5.2	8.0	x	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	7.0	4.0	5.6	6.0	5.3	5.6	6.0	5.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	460	235	225	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	615	310	305
In bottom half of the distribution	340	180	165	673,690	328,825	344,865	350	175	175
In bottom decile	55	25	30	124,250	62,485	61,770	40	25	20
In second decile	70	35	35	132,700	62,320	70,380	75	35	40
In third decile	65	40	25	133,855	64,900	68,960	85	40	40
In fourth decile	80	35	45	138,980	68,120	70,855	70	35	40
In fifth decile	75	40	35	143,905	71,000	72,900	75	35	40
In top half of the distribution	120	60	60	898,245	453,385	444,865	270	140	125
In sixth decile	45	25	20	150,845	75,135	75,710	60	30	30
In seventh decile	30	15	10	155,985	78,075	77,910	70	35	35
In eighth decile	30	15	20	164,975	82,995	81,980	75	35	35
In ninth decile	10	5	5	181,315	91,520	89,795	60	35	25
In top decile	0	0	0	245,130	125,660	119,470	10	5	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	460	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	615	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.238	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.243	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.376	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.214	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.220	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	4.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	460	235	220	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	615	315	300
English only	425	220	210	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	560	280	275
French only	0	0	0	980	425	555	0	0	0
English and French	15	10	5	103,090	47,140	55,945	40	20	25
Neither English nor French	15	5	10	34,235	13,810	20,420	20	10	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	460	235	220	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	615	315	300
English	440	225	215	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	590	300	290
French	5	5	0	20,675	10,250	10,425	10	5	10
English and French	0	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	0	0	5
Neither English nor French	15	5	10	33,340	13,355	19,985	15	10	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	460	235	220	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	615	315	300
Single responses	445	230	220	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	585	295	285
Official languages	310	160	150	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	440	220	225
English	305	155	150	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	430	215	220
French	5	5	0	20,090	9,970	10,115	15	5	5
Non-official languages	135	70	65	415,050	198,790	216,260	135	80	60
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	645	270	380	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	135	70	65	414,405	198,525	215,885	135	80	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	35	25	35,495	18,255	17,240	20	10	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	10	10	5
Bilen	0	0	0	170	85	85	5	5	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	5	5	5
Somali	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	35	25	32,085	16,545	15,535	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	0	0	0
Arabic	30	20	15	21,355	11,215	10,145	5	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	20	10	5	4,965	2,545	2,420	0	5	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	14,785	6,645	8,140	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	10	13,810	6,185	7,625	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	10	20	55,755	24,650	31,110	20	5	10
Bikol	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	970	415	555	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	15	45,300	20,005	25,290	20	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	20	10	203,750	100,055	103,695	35	20	15
Albanian	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	30,225	13,960	16,270	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	29,740	13,735	16,005	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	7,595	3,540	4,050	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	895	435	460	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	5	0	17,580	8,490	9,090	5	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	5	0	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	5	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	5	106,625	53,665	52,955	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	93,240	46,930	46,305	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	6,565	3,380	3,180	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	8,495	4,290	4,205	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	49,105	24,690	24,420	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	17,875	8,975	8,905	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	13,350	6,720	6,630	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10,100	5,080	5,020	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	5	5	45,970	22,265	23,700	25	15	5
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	5	5	4,540	2,160	2,375	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	0	0	0
Spanish	5	5	0	32,170	15,475	16,695	20	15	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	68,720	31,925	36,790	50	30	25
Chinese languages	0	0	0	67,430	31,300	36,130	50	30	25
Hakka	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	31,950	14,765	17,190	20	15	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	32,755	15,315	17,435	25	15	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	460	220	245	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	10	5	73,050	35,515	37,535	35	15	20
English and French	0	0	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	10	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	58,650	28,715	29,930	25	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,680	2,595	3,085	0	0	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	460	235	220	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	615	315	300
English	275	145	130	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	455	225	230
French	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390	5	5	0
Non-official language	50	25	25	127,600	60,835	66,760	35	20	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	50	25	25	127,540	60,810	66,730	35	20	15
English and French	5	5	5	14,755	6,925	7,835	5	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	120	60	60	306,635	148,985	157,650	100	55	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	12,395	5,820	6,575	5	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	460	235	220	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	615	315	300
Single responses	440	230	215	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	590	300	290
Official languages	335	175	165	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	515	260	255
English	335	175	165	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	510	255	255
French	0	0	0	7,230	3,560	3,665	5	5	0
Non-official languages	100	55	50	259,415	125,675	133,740	80	40	35
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	100	55	50	259,295	125,620	133,675	80	40	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	20	22,515	11,260	11,260	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	5	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	5	5	5
Somali	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	25	15	20,280	10,165	10,115	0	0	0
Amharic	5	5	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	0	0	0
Arabic	20	15	10	12,825	6,490	6,335	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	10	5	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	9,940	4,535	5,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	10	9,395	4,280	5,110	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	5	15	35,275	16,595	18,675	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	5	15	29,630	13,885	15,750	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	15	5	122,940	60,715	62,220	15	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	14,005	6,710	7,295	5	5	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	13,790	6,605	7,190	5	5	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	715	335	375	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	980	470	515	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	5	79,180	39,590	39,590	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	0	70,335	35,225	35,110	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5,510	2,770	2,740	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	40,675	20,425	20,245	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,930	6,420	6,510	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	8,825	4,360	4,475	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	6,765	3,325	3,435	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	0	25,440	12,340	13,100	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0
Spanish	5	0	0	19,825	9,605	10,215	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	47,945	22,570	25,375	35	25	10
Chinese languages	0	0	0	47,025	22,110	24,915	35	25	10
Hakka	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	23,970	11,440	12,530	20	15	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,815	10,130	11,685	15	10	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	10	10	75,555	36,865	38,685	25	15	15
English and French	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	69,995	34,230	35,770	25	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	460	235	220	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	615	310	300
None	345	180	165	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	520	260	260
English	40	20	20	104,745	51,660	53,085	25	10	15
French	5	5	5	11,450	5,290	6,160	10	0	5
Non-official language	60	25	35	127,610	60,685	66,920	45	30	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	60	25	35	126,970	60,410	66,565	45	30	20
English and French	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	16,885	8,395	8,490	5	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	14,095	6,810	7,285	10	5	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	435	210	225	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	605	320	280
Official languages	425	205	220	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	575	310	270
English	425	205	220	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	575	310	265
French	10	10	0	103,915	47,090	56,830	50	30	20
Non-official languages	175	65	110	562,910	270,945	291,960	195	100	90
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	65	110	561,340	270,320	291,010	190	100	90
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	30	55	54,595	28,250	26,345	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	80	30	55	50,645	26,150	24,495	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	0	0	0
Arabic	55	30	30	35,250	18,505	16,750	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	25	0	20	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	20,885	9,635	11,250	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	19,415	8,900	10,515	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	15	40	76,815	33,930	42,890	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	15	40	72,900	32,140	40,755	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	0	286,570	140,880	145,685	70	30	40
Albanian	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	37,905	17,730	20,175	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	37,610	17,610	20,005	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	143,590	72,720	70,870	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	128,685	65,260	63,425	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	45,340	22,980	22,370	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	68,525	34,920	33,610	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	31,710	16,195	15,515	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	80,155	38,210	41,945	45	25	25
Catalan	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	60,770	28,640	32,125	45	25	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	20	0	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	82,875	39,220	43,660	75	50	20
Chinese languages	0	0	0	81,080	38,330	42,750	75	50	20
Hakka	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	46,460	21,635	24,825	50	35	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	42,910	20,105	22,800	35	25	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	435	210	225	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	605	325	280
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	53,700	25,250	28,450	20	10	10
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	51,520	24,220	27,300	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	22,470	10,235	12,230	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790	15	0	10
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	410	195	215	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	585	315	275
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	435	210	225	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	605	325	280
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	17,145	7,900	9,240	15	10	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	410	195	215	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	590	315	280
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	165	...	...	604,630	...	...	240	...	...
Owner	140	...	...	431,680	...	...	180	...	...
Renter	25	...	...	172,945	...	...	65	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	165	...	...	604,630	...	...	240	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	138,505	...	...	10	...	...
Not condominium	165	...	...	466,125	...	...	225	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	165	...	...	604,630	...	...	240	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	63,480	...	...	20	...	...
2 bedrooms	15	...	...	132,670	...	...	40	...	...
3 bedrooms	75	...	...	208,570	...	...	110	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	70	...	...	196,735	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	165	...	...	604,630	...	...	240	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	20	...	...	168,320	...	...	55	...	...
5 rooms	40	...	...	92,700	...	...	55	...	...
6 rooms	30	...	...	85,005	...	...	55	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	74,790	...	...	35	...	...
8 or more rooms	55	...	...	183,815	...	...	50	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.3	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	165	...	...	604,630	...	...	240	...	...
One person or fewer per room	155	...	...	587,240	...	...	235	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	17,390	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	165	...	...	604,630	...	...	240	...	...
Suitable	160	...	...	576,220	...	...	235	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	28,410	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	165	...	...	604,630	...	...	240	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	48,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	150	...	...	146,775	...	...	115	...	...
1981 to 1990	10	...	...	67,920	...	...	90	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	93,515	...	...	25	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	63,060	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	64,550	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	165	...	...	604,630	...	...	240	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	155	...	...	578,295	...	...	225	...	...
Major repairs needed	10	...	...	26,340	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	165	...	...	604,630	...	...	240	...	...
One-maintainer household	75	...	...	286,505	...	...	120	...	...
Two-maintainer household	75	...	...	282,890	...	...	90	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	35,230	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	165	...	...	604,630	...	...	240	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	15,275	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	15	...	...	95,360	...	...	25	...	...
35 to 44 years	25	...	...	132,875	...	...	35	...	...
45 to 54 years	15	...	...	121,200	...	...	45	...	...
55 to 64 years	40	...	...	114,325	...	...	60	...	...
65 to 74 years	60	...	...	78,705	...	...	50	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	34,680	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	165	...	...	599,605	...	...	245	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	130	...	...	466,085	...	...	195	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	40	...	...	133,520	...	...	50	...	...
30% to less than 100%	40	...	...	119,800	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	165	...	...	604,630	...	...	240	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	174,520	...	...	70	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	30	...	...	121,340	...	...	45	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	22,225	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	17,480	...	...	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	120	...	...	430,110	...	...	170	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	165	...	...	585,885	...	...	230	...	...
In core need	20	...	...	55,440	...	...	15	...	...
Not in core need	145	...	...	530,445	...	...	210	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	135	...	...	429,490	...	...	180	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.0	...	...	65.7	...	...	66.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.2	...	...	17.4	...	...	16.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.8	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	1,740	...	...	1,410	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,792	...	...	1,320	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	350,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	344,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25	...	...	172,840	...	...	60	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.5	...	...	25.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	34.5	...	...	33.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	20.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,350	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,480	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	430	205	220	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	605	325	285
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	10	10	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	10	10	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	47,230	22,330	24,905	20	10	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	45,875	21,725	24,145	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	15	10	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	410	190	220	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	580	305	270
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	430	210	225	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	605	320	280
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	370	180	190	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	525	290	235
Canadian citizens aged under 18	80	45	35	325,765	167,940	157,820	105	55	50
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	285	130	150	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	420	235	185
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	70	30	30	174,615	83,940	90,680	80	35	40
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	430	210	225	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	605	320	280
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	280	150	130	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	460	250	210
Immigrants⁸¹	150	60	90	473,580	227,640	245,935	130	65	65
Before 1980	15	10	10	56,750	27,435	29,320	15	15	0
1980 to 1990	30	0	25	44,975	21,950	23,020	20	15	10
1991 to 2000	25	10	10	67,220	32,280	34,935	15	0	10
2001 to 2010	15	10	10	127,170	61,140	66,030	25	10	20
2011 to 2021⁸²	70	25	45	177,465	84,835	92,630	50	25	25
2011 to 2015	25	10	20	89,810	43,015	46,795	30	20	15
2016 to 2021	45	20	25	87,650	41,815	45,835	15	10	10
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	28,410	14,945	13,470	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	150	65	90	473,580	227,640	245,935	130	65	65
Under 5 years	0	0	0	41,205	20,985	20,220	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	55	20	35	79,795	41,370	38,425	10	10	0
15 to 24 years	30	10	15	82,830	37,905	44,930	40	10	25
25 to 44 years	55	20	35	223,080	105,885	117,190	60	20	35
45 years and over	10	10	0	46,670	21,495	25,170	15	10	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	150	65	90	473,580	227,640	245,935	130	65	65
Americas	0	0	0	50,280	23,315	26,970	20	10	15
Brazil	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	15	10	15
El Salvador	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	0	0	0
Europe	10	10	0	83,855	41,815	42,040	25	10	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	27,675	14,575	13,095	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	0	0	0
Africa	30	10	25	55,355	27,975	27,385	30	15	20
Algeria	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10	18,410	9,205	9,210	0	0	0
Asia	110	45	65	279,930	132,545	147,390	55	30	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	20	15	10	4,455	2,410	2,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	36,925	16,915	20,015	30	15	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0
Philippines	45	10	35	71,315	31,605	39,715	0	0	0
Viet Nam	20	10	15	16,350	7,325	9,030	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	61,580	30,730	30,850	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	19,425	9,810	9,615	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	22,735	10,640	12,090	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	40	20	25	87,650	41,815	45,830	15	10	10
Americas	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	25	15	15	55,100	25,850	29,250	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	14,870	7,455	7,420	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	435	210	225	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	605	325	280
First generation¹⁰⁰	160	65	90	518,345	251,010	267,335	165	95	70
Second generation¹⁰¹	150	70	75	329,675	166,505	163,165	135	65	70
Third generation or more¹⁰²	125	70	55	723,920	364,750	359,170	305	165	140
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	135	55	85	416,830	200,210	216,615	115	50	70
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	30	0	30	235,880	118,150	117,730	30	15	20
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	15	0	15	95,815	58,035	37,780	0	0	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	20	0	20	140,065	60,120	79,950	25	10	15
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	55	30	15	117,720	48,395	69,330	45	20	25
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55	20	30	58,995	31,595	27,395	35	20	15
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	135	55	85	416,830	200,210	216,615	115	50	70
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	14,765	8,620	6,145	15	0	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	0	10	53,180	23,440	29,750	15	0	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	120	55	75	313,060	149,760	163,300	80	45	35
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	435	210	225	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	605	325	280
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	245	105	140	575,650	282,735	292,910	205	100	100
South Asian	0	0	0	154,385	78,430	75,955	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	93,975	45,570	48,410	75	50	30
Black	60	30	30	76,470	38,665	37,800	40	10	20
Filipino	75	25	50	92,235	42,365	49,880	0	0	0
Arab	80	35	45	32,660	17,235	15,425	0	0	0
Latin American	0	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235	40	20	20
Southeast Asian	30	15	15	28,720	13,405	15,310	30	15	10
West Asian	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	20,840	10,195	10,645	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	190	105	85	996,285	499,530	496,755	400	225	185
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	435	210	225	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	605	320	280
Canadian	35	10	25	168,075	87,325	80,750	85	50	40
English	55	25	30	276,300	136,835	139,465	65	40	30
Irish	35	20	15	202,260	98,040	104,225	120	60	55
Scottish	45	35	0	235,385	115,820	119,575	115	50	65
French, n.o.s.¹²²	25	15	10	104,160	50,935	53,225	10	0	0
German	20	10	10	197,770	97,860	99,910	75	20	55
Chinese	0	0	0	99,705	48,045	51,650	100	65	35
Italian	0	0	0	44,840	22,330	22,510	30	15	15
Indian (India)	0	0	0	77,900	39,545	38,355	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	10	0	89,615	43,675	45,940	60	25	35
Dutch	0	0	0	53,665	26,510	27,155	65	10	50
Polish	0	0	0	53,675	25,885	27,790	10	10	0
Québécois	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	10	0	10	53,825	27,135	26,690	10	10	0
Filipino	75	30	50	86,850	40,140	46,710	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	15	15	0
Métis	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	28,815	14,565	14,250	0	0	0
Russian	15	0	10	36,090	16,840	19,255	10	0	10
Norwegian	10	0	0	44,865	21,320	23,545	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	30	25	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0
American	10	0	10	23,975	11,565	12,415	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	25	20	0
Hungarian	10	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	10	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	20,085	10,145	9,940	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	22,750	10,685	12,065	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	25	30	11,200	5,995	5,205	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	0	0	0
Lebanese	20	15	15	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	13,225	6,465	6,765	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	10	0	10
Mennonite	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	15	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	25	0	20	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	435	210	225	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	605	325	280
Buddhist	0	0	0	22,425	9,955	12,470	0	0	0
Christian	220	100	125	713,465	336,705	376,760	250	115	135
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	55	20	25	153,665	73,675	79,985	90	40	50
Anabaptist	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0
Anglican	10	0	0	35,625	16,415	19,210	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	0	0	0
Catholic	95	50	45	312,410	149,290	163,120	95	50	45
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	20	10	15
Presbyterian	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	25	10	15	51,720	22,415	29,305	10	10	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	30	0	20	43,375	20,405	22,970	15	0	10
Hindu	0	0	0	35,335	18,180	17,155	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0
Muslim	80	35	45	101,285	51,675	49,610	20	10	15
Sikh	0	0	0	56,230	28,325	27,905	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	15	10	0
No religion and secular perspectives	105	60	40	623,560	328,795	294,765	315	190	125
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	425	205	220	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	600	315	280
Non-movers	410	190	220	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	495	260	235
Movers	15	15	0	209,550	104,275	105,275	100	50	50
Non-migrants	0	0	0	147,415	73,505	73,910	65	35	25
Migrants	10	10	0	62,135	30,765	31,365	40	15	20
Internal migrants	10	10	0	47,380	23,440	23,940	35	15	20
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	10	10	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	30	15	10
External migrants	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	410	200	210	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	565	300	265
Non-movers	330	150	175	863,155	429,060	434,095	370	185	180
Movers	80	45	35	619,175	307,300	311,880	190	115	75
Non-migrants	65	35	30	363,260	181,560	181,700	120	65	55
Migrants	15	15	0	255,920	125,740	130,180	70	50	25
Internal migrants	10	10	0	177,420	87,415	90,005	40	25	15
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	112,590	55,855	56,735	15	10	10
Interprovincial migrants	10	10	0	64,830	31,560	33,270	15	15	0
External migrants	0	0	0	78,500	38,320	40,180	35	25	10
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	340	155	180	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	515	270	245
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	110	60	50	182,850	95,955	86,895	100	45	50
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	225	90	130	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	415	220	195
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	190	90	95	886,650	437,700	448,950	320	175	145
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65	40	30	79,025	43,715	35,310	30	20	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	120	50	70	807,620	393,985	413,640	290	155	130
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	335	150	180	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	515	265	245
No certificate, diploma or degree	95	60	40	163,710	84,360	79,350	85	40	50
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	115	45	75	339,400	169,445	169,950	190	95	95
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	120	55	65	775,265	377,350	397,915	235	135	100
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	60	30	25	348,595	174,345	174,250	155	85	70
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25	15	10	84,805	63,760	21,050	40	30	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	0	10	29,285	16,610	12,680	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	35	30	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	30	10	15	221,065	92,585	128,480	110	50	60
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	42,725	18,000	24,720	10	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	65	25	40	426,670	203,005	223,660	80	50	35
Bachelor's degree	40	15	25	294,610	137,240	157,375	65	45	15
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	22,475	10,080	12,390	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	0	0	0
Master's degree	15	10	10	86,005	42,875	43,130	10	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	190	95	95	886,650	437,700	448,950	320	175	145
No certificate, diploma or degree	65	40	25	66,625	36,450	30,175	30	15	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	55	25	30	197,715	102,665	95,045	115	65	50
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	75	30	40	622,315	298,585	323,730	180	100	80
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30	15	15	266,590	133,640	132,950	105	55	55
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	0	0	0	63,270	48,090	15,175	35	30	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	20,715	12,025	8,685	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	30	30	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25	10	15	170,270	71,565	98,700	75	25	50
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	33,050	13,985	19,070	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	40	10	25	355,720	164,940	190,775	70	45	30
Bachelor's degree	25	0	15	244,340	111,530	132,810	60	40	20
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	0	0	0
Master's degree	15	0	10	74,335	35,965	38,370	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	335	155	185	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	515	265	250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	215	100	115	503,110	253,805	249,305	280	130	145
Education	0	0	0	46,605	10,200	36,405	10	0	0
13. Education	0	0	0	46,605	10,200	36,405	10	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	23,385	9,460	13,925	20	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	20,825	7,530	13,295	20	0	10
Humanities	0	0	0	34,000	12,365	21,635	20	15	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	7,415	1,915	5,495	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	11,560	4,095	7,460	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	10	83,860	28,790	55,065	30	10	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	15,515	5,275	10,245	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	30,700	14,865	15,830	20	10	0
Business, management and public administration	20	10	10	177,710	75,825	101,885	35	10	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	20	10	10	168,935	74,160	94,770	30	10	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	39,940	20,670	19,265	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	36,465	23,975	12,485	20	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	20	20	0	173,505	149,155	24,355	60	60	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	66,620	53,075	13,545	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	20	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	28,060	27,225	835	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	22,210	21,530	675	15	15	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	11,885	11,515	375	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	15,905	7,900	8,005	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	0	0	0
Health and related fields	40	10	30	111,080	22,865	88,215	20	0	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	10	30	98,680	16,900	81,780	15	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	32,595	16,030	16,565	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	190	95	100	886,650	437,700	448,950	320	175	145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	120	65	55	264,340	139,115	125,220	140	80	60
Education	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	0	0	0
13. Education	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	20	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	20	10	10
Humanities	0	0	0	26,945	9,460	17,490	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,035	1,555	4,480	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	9,440	3,220	6,225	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	10	69,810	23,220	46,590	25	10	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	25,655	12,155	13,505	20	10	10
Business, management and public administration	15	0	10	145,930	61,450	84,480	35	10	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15	0	10	138,835	60,195	78,640	30	10	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	31,330	20,720	10,615	20	0	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10	10	0	138,260	116,630	21,630	55	55	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	55,310	43,055	12,260	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	20	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,755	21,035	720	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	16,875	16,295	580	15	15	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,785	8,485	305	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0
Health and related fields	20	0	15	88,715	18,735	69,980	15	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	20	0	15	78,745	14,010	64,730	10	0	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	190	95	100	886,650	437,700	448,950	320	175	145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	120	65	55	264,340	139,115	125,220	140	80	60
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	70	30	45	622,310	298,585	323,730	175	100	80
Location of study inside Canada	45	25	20	455,590	220,680	234,910	130	80	55
Same as province or territory of residence	35	20	15	328,175	157,540	170,630	90	65	30
Different than province or territory of residence	15	0	10	127,410	63,135	64,275	35	15	20
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	25	0	20	166,725	77,905	88,820	50	20	25
Americas	0	0	0	28,670	14,305	14,360	10	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	10	0	10
Belgium	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	10	0	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0
Asia	20	0	20	91,990	39,695	52,295	25	10	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	10	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	10	30,585	12,115	18,470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	25,005	11,780	13,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	335	150	180	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	510	265	245
In the labour force	190	95	100	882,705	463,170	419,540	315	175	140
Employed	145	65	80	776,015	408,675	367,335	270	145	120
Unemployed	45	30	15	106,695	54,490	52,205	50	25	20
Not in the labour force	145	65	80	395,665	167,985	227,680	200	95	110
Participation rate	56.7	63.3	55.6	69.0	73.4	64.8	61.8	66.0	57.1
Employment rate	43.3	43.3	44.4	60.7	64.8	56.8	52.9	54.7	49.0
Unemployment rate	23.7	31.6	15.0	12.1	11.8	12.4	15.9	14.3	14.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	335	155	185	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	515	265	250
Did not work¹⁸⁶	155	65	90	422,665	183,645	239,020	205	100	110
Worked	175	90	85	855,710	447,510	408,200	310	170	140
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	55	35	25	450,195	257,535	192,655	150	95	55
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	120	55	65	405,520	189,970	215,550	160	75	80
Average weeks worked in reference year	36.6	36.8	36.4	40.7	41.5	39.8	39.2	42.0	35.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	190	90	95	882,710	463,165	419,540	315	175	140
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	180	90	90	853,695	449,150	404,550	300	165	135
Employee	145	70	75	715,140	365,090	350,050	245	135	110
Permanent position	125	60	60	600,125	311,480	288,645	220	120	100
Temporary position	25	10	15	115,020	53,615	61,405	25	10	15
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	37,760	16,790	20,970	10	10	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15	0	15	77,260	36,820	40,435	20	0	15
Self-employed¹⁹²	35	20	15	138,550	84,060	54,500	55	35	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	190	90	95	882,710	463,165	419,540	315	175	140
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	180	90	90	853,695	449,150	404,550	300	165	135
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	30	0	30	161,170	53,245	107,930	65	20	45
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15	0	0	94,565	72,340	22,225	20	20	0
3 Health occupations	20	0	20	69,305	13,810	55,490	10	0	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15	0	15	92,850	30,655	62,195	10	0	10
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	20	0	10
6 Sales and service occupations	45	20	20	209,115	94,840	114,280	85	45	35
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	45	0	147,375	132,085	15,290	70	70	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	10	0	25,565	19,070	6,490	25	0	20
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	190	90	95	882,710	463,165	419,540	315	175	140
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	180	90	90	853,695	449,150	404,550	300	165	135
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	39,750	26,465	13,290	10	10	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	75,665	63,720	11,945	55	45	10
31-33 Manufacturing	20	20	0	41,545	30,255	11,295	20	0	10
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	10	10	0	96,885	46,555	50,330	60	35	25
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	56,135	40,670	15,470	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	30,760	13,930	16,825	10	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	10	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15	0	10	96,185	55,190	40,995	10	10	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	37,790	21,285	16,510	15	0	10
61 Educational services	0	0	0	55,510	16,805	38,700	15	0	15
62 Health care and social assistance	50	10	40	107,190	20,475	86,720	15	0	10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	10	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	10	0	0	49,900	22,440	27,460	30	10	20
81 Other services (except public administration)	30	10	15	37,065	16,090	20,975	20	0	15
91 Public administration	0	0	0	31,305	16,235	15,075	10	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	190	90	100	926,320	483,455	442,860	340	180	160
English	185	90	95	878,705	460,305	418,400	305	165	145
French	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	15	15	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	15	15	0
English and French	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30,355	15,535	14,825	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	190	90	100	926,320	483,455	442,860	340	180	160
Single responses	190	90	100	919,325	479,835	439,490	335	180	155
Official languages	190	90	100	906,220	473,040	433,180	310	165	150
English	190	90	100	903,745	472,395	431,350	305	165	145
French	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	13,105	6,795	6,310	20	20	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	13,090	6,795	6,300	20	20	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	15	10	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	15	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	7,000	3,625	3,375	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5,765	3,065	2,695	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	190	90	100	926,320	483,455	442,860	340	180	160
None	185	90	95	893,045	467,350	425,695	335	175	160
English	0	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	17,585	8,825	8,760	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	17,465	8,780	8,690	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	145	65	80	776,010	408,680	367,335	270	145	120
Worked at home	10	0	10	215,520	105,290	110,230	50	30	20
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	20	15	0	113,260	83,885	29,375	40	35	0
Usual place of work	115	50	65	444,410	217,405	227,005	180	90	90
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	115	50	65	444,410	217,405	227,005	180	90	95
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	115	50	65	361,065	170,000	191,065	175	80	85
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	69,230	37,715	31,505	10	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	135	65	75	557,670	301,290	256,380	220	125	100
Car, truck or van	120	55	60	473,465	261,055	212,410	170	105	65
Car, truck or van - as a driver	105	50	55	441,645	249,990	191,655	140	90	50
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	10	0	31,820	11,060	20,755	30	15	15
Public transit	15	0	10	40,930	17,775	23,165	20	0	20
Walked	0	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325	20	0	15
Bicycle	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	10	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	135	65	75	557,670	301,290	256,380	220	125	100
Less than 15 minutes	40	20	15	128,460	58,155	70,310	40	20	20
15 to 29 minutes	70	35	35	242,460	130,855	111,610	140	85	55
30 to 44 minutes	20	0	15	125,765	75,100	50,660	20	10	10
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	31,050	18,505	12,545	10	0	10
60 minutes and over	10	0	0	29,930	18,665	11,265	15	10	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	135	65	75	557,670	301,290	256,380	220	125	100
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	10	37,665	27,280	10,390	25	20	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25	20	10	100,900	63,500	37,400	30	15	15
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20	15	10	143,455	75,755	67,700	50	25	20
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30	0	20	105,095	50,620	54,475	35	20	15
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25	15	10	79,595	35,415	44,180	30	15	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	30	10	20	90,950	48,715	42,230	40	25	20
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	125	65	55	356,225	183,250	172,980	120	65	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	0	25,335	12,890	12,445	15	10	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	115	60	55	330,890	170,360	160,535	105	55	45
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	95	50	45	259,535	133,590	125,945	90	50	40
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	18,890	9,625	9,270	10	5	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	9,575	4,670	4,910	5	5	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	9,315	4,955	4,360	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	95	50	45	240,640	123,965	116,675	80	45	40

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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