Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48060899More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48062162More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			AlbertaMore information: [Province] Remove			48062515More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	549	...	...	901	...	...	4,262,635	...	...	6,933	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4,067,175	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.8	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	366	...	...	279	...	...	1,772,670	...	...	2,436	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	299	...	...	267	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,348	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,664.4	...	...	4,154.0	...	...	6.7	...	...	693.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.12	...	...	0.22	...	...	634,658.27	...	...	9.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	550	270	280	900	380	520	4,262,635	2,127,935	2,134,700	6,935	3,425	3,510
0 to 14 years	130	80	45	130	50	85	809,640	415,870	393,770	1,635	835	805
0 to 4 years	60	40	20	30	5	25	250,250	128,560	121,690	560	300	260
5 to 9 years	50	30	20	50	25	30	278,810	142,850	135,955	595	290	310
10 to 14 years	15	15	5	55	20	35	280,585	144,460	136,120	490	245	240
15 to 64 years	385	175	210	450	220	230	2,823,770	1,416,910	1,406,865	4,895	2,405	2,495
15 to 19 years	20	10	10	40	25	15	249,765	128,745	121,015	355	175	180
20 to 24 years	35	15	20	30	20	10	248,740	128,595	120,150	365	200	170
25 to 29 years	50	20	30	20	5	15	275,465	138,510	136,955	435	205	230
30 to 34 years	70	35	35	35	20	15	323,260	160,175	163,085	705	325	385
35 to 39 years	50	20	30	45	20	25	338,945	168,390	170,560	755	370	390
40 to 44 years	35	20	20	50	20	30	307,665	153,715	153,955	685	355	330
45 to 49 years	35	15	20	70	30	40	277,770	139,705	138,065	545	260	280
50 to 54 years	30	15	15	65	30	30	262,770	131,650	131,120	400	200	200
55 to 59 years	30	10	20	60	30	35	274,150	135,825	138,325	395	195	195
60 to 64 years	35	15	15	35	20	20	265,240	131,600	133,640	255	115	135
65 years and over	40	10	25	315	110	205	629,220	295,155	334,070	395	190	210
65 to 69 years	20	5	15	30	15	15	217,270	106,975	110,295	195	85	105
70 to 74 years	5	0	5	45	5	35	163,890	79,150	84,735	100	50	50
75 to 79 years	10	0	5	15	5	5	105,520	49,860	55,660	60	25	35
80 to 84 years	0	0	0	40	20	20	70,160	31,510	38,650	40	20	20
85 years and over	0	0	0	185	60	125	72,375	27,660	44,720	5	10	0
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	110	35	75	44,670	18,540	26,130	5	5	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	75	25	50	21,430	7,545	13,890	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,480	1,405	4,075	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	170	625	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.6	29.6	16.1	14.4	13.2	16.3	19.0	19.5	18.4	23.6	24.4	22.9
15 to 64 years	70.0	64.8	75.0	50.0	57.9	44.2	66.2	66.6	65.9	70.6	70.2	71.1
65 years and over	7.3	3.7	8.9	35.0	28.9	39.4	14.8	13.9	15.6	5.7	5.5	6.0
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	20.6	15.8	24.0	1.7	1.3	2.1	0.1	0.3	0.0
Average age of the population	33.8	31.1	36.4	52.1	49.3	54.1	39.0	38.4	39.7	33.5	33.1	33.9
Median age of the population	33.6	31.8	34.8	51.6	49.6	54.4	38.4	37.6	38.8	34.8	34.4	34.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	300	...	...	265	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,345	...	...
Single-detached house	5	...	...	80	...	...	994,565	...	...	1,635	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	85	...	...	98,740	...	...	215	...	...
Row house	40	...	...	100	...	...	127,735	...	...	320	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	0	...	...	43,730	...	...	35	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	80	...	...	0	...	...	247,030	...	...	135	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	170	...	...	0	...	...	74,880	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,215	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	45,325	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	295	...	...	270	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,350	...	...
1 person	140	...	...	70	...	...	424,055	...	...	350	...	...
2 persons	95	...	...	85	...	...	551,420	...	...	660	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	45	...	...	249,135	...	...	505	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	55	...	...	243,400	...	...	545	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	15	...	...	165,215	...	...	290	...	...
Number of persons in private households	550	270	280	650	300	350	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	6,930	3,425	3,510
Average household size	1.8	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	425	185	235	765	325	440	3,452,995	1,712,065	1,740,925	5,295	2,590	2,705
Married or living common-law	135	70	70	470	235	230	2,033,945	1,018,425	1,015,520	3,630	1,810	1,820
Married	85	45	45	415	205	205	1,703,285	852,950	850,335	3,150	1,565	1,580
Living common-law	55	30	30	50	30	30	330,655	165,475	165,180	480	240	240
Living common law - Never married	45	25	25	35	15	20	245,650	123,625	122,030	375	190	180
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,835	6,745	6,090	20	10	10
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	5	20	10	10	65,955	32,580	33,375	85	40	45
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,210	2,520	3,690	5	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	285	120	170	300	95	205	1,419,050	693,640	725,410	1,665	785	885
Not married and not living common law - Never married	195	100	100	135	70	60	969,780	535,715	434,065	1,225	640	585
Not married and not living common law - Separated	25	10	20	20	10	10	83,350	36,440	46,910	100	40	55
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	55	15	40	45	10	30	214,460	87,950	126,505	240	80	160
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	0	10	105	5	105	151,455	33,530	117,925	105	25	75
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	140	...	...	190	...	...	1,164,655	...	...	2,015	...	...
2 persons	85	...	...	85	...	...	565,900	...	...	760	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	40	...	...	240,980	...	...	530	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	50	...	...	238,600	...	...	555	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	10	...	...	119,170	...	...	170	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	140	...	...	190	...	...	1,164,650	...	...	2,015	...	...
Total couple families	60	...	...	155	...	...	987,465	...	...	1,785	...	...
Married couples	35	...	...	130	...	...	822,175	...	...	1,545	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	80	...	...	464,975	...	...	1,085	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	50	...	...	357,200	...	...	460	...	...
Common-law couples	25	...	...	30	...	...	165,290	...	...	240	...	...
With children⁶	0	...	...	10	...	...	60,705	...	...	80	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	15	...	...	104,580	...	...	160	...	...
Total one-parent families	75	...	...	35	...	...	177,190	...	...	230	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	75	...	...	25	...	...	135,065	...	...	180	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	10	...	...	42,125	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	550	270	280	650	300	350	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	6,935	3,425	3,510
Total - Persons in census families	360	170	190	555	265	295	3,456,645	1,720,145	1,736,505	6,240	3,095	3,140
Married spouses or common-law partners	130	65	65	310	155	155	1,974,930	986,995	987,935	3,565	1,785	1,780
Parents in one-parent families	75	5	70	35	10	25	177,185	42,120	135,060	235	55	175
Children⁶	160	100	55	210	105	110	1,304,525	691,020	613,500	2,440	1,260	1,185
In a two-parent family	50	35	10	160	65	90	1,022,235	538,215	484,020	2,090	1,080	1,005
In a one-parent family	110	65	45	55	35	20	282,290	152,810	129,485	355	175	180
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	190	100	85	90	35	55	721,070	368,045	353,030	695	325	365
Living alone	145	75	70	75	25	45	424,055	207,075	216,980	355	165	190
Living with other relatives⁷	15	10	5	10	5	5	108,100	49,205	58,900	180	75	105
Living with non-relatives only	30	15	15	15	5	10	188,915	111,760	77,155	165	95	70
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	300	...	...	270	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,350	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	130	...	...	185	...	...	1,008,210	...	...	1,690	...	...
Couple-family households	55	...	...	150	...	...	876,085	...	...	1,535	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	85	...	...	465,405	...	...	1,015	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	65	...	...	410,680	...	...	520	...	...
One-parent-family households	70	...	...	30	...	...	132,125	...	...	160	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	0	...	...	47,450	...	...	100	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	20	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	5	...	...	60,780	...	...	115	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	5	...	...	82,150	...	...	60	...	...
One-person households	145	...	...	75	...	...	424,055	...	...	355	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	420	190	230	520	250	265	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	5,295	2,595	2,700
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	415	180	230	490	240	260	3,213,495	1,597,075	1,616,420	5,030	2,460	2,570
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,200	30,600	81,000	105,000	68,500	44,800	53,200	38,400	52,400	61,200	45,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	415	180	230	490	240	260	3,215,290	1,598,045	1,617,250	5,025	2,455	2,570
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	32,800	30,000	68,500	85,000	60,000	40,400	46,800	35,200	46,000	52,800	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	285	135	150	470	230	240	2,899,265	1,472,130	1,427,140	4,680	2,335	2,345
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	46,800	20,800	82,000	106,000	67,000	40,000	50,400	31,200	50,000	60,000	40,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	260	125	135	390	200	195	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	4,255	2,135	2,120
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,600	39,200	23,000	79,500	104,000	64,500	41,600	51,600	33,600	52,000	61,600	42,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	390	170	225	400	195	205	2,818,115	1,377,385	1,440,730	4,355	2,050	2,300
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	8,500	18,400	2,100	1,100	4,880	8,300	6,120	9,700	5,080	2,500	6,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55	25	35	35	5	25	373,185	184,280	188,900	665	285	385
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	5,480	6,000	5,960	x	6,360	5,800	5,760	5,880	6,000	6,000	6,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	170	65	105	95	45	50	978,925	473,610	505,320	1,690	800	890
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,000	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	375	165	210	605	295	305	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	5,335	2,645	2,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	375	165	210	570	280	290	3,212,650	1,596,250	1,616,400	5,045	2,520	2,525
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,600	46,800	42,800	146,500	174,000	121,000	60,850	72,700	49,160	61,200	71,300	51,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	375	165	210	570	280	290	3,214,490	1,597,255	1,617,235	5,045	2,520	2,525
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,000	40,400	38,000	106,000	123,000	90,000	50,200	58,400	42,120	51,040	58,250	43,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	260	110	145	560	270	290	2,900,200	1,472,350	1,427,850	4,695	2,390	2,305
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	53,000	38,000	144,500	174,000	117,000	57,300	70,100	44,040	58,050	69,200	46,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	235	105	130	455	220	235	2,426,940	1,262,995	1,163,950	4,250	2,160	2,090
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	54,000	41,000	135,000	180,000	92,000	56,350	67,800	43,920	58,950	70,200	47,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	350	145	205	420	215	210	2,817,280	1,376,575	1,440,710	4,375	2,110	2,260
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,550	12,200	16,200	7,040	6,500	7,600	10,440	9,300	11,520	8,340	6,950	9,630
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50	0	40	35	0	25	371,975	183,715	188,265	655	275	380
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	...	6,400	9,000	...	9,000	7,090	6,720	7,450	7,840	6,700	8,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	130	55	75	135	70	65	972,130	470,475	501,650	1,655	825	840
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	9,600	10,000	9,000	9,200	8,800	9,170	9,030	9,290	9,140	8,880	9,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	375	160	210	605	295	305	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	5,335	2,645	2,685
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	105	55	50	260	130	130	1,120,075	641,305	478,775	2,310	1,275	1,025
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	80,000	73,000	91,000	125,000	140,000	98,000	70,500	78,500	62,000	71,500	81,000	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,000	78,000	80,000	210,000	284,000	140,000	85,200	96,300	70,400	80,200	90,200	68,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	115	45	70	140	60	80	993,770	466,385	527,385	1,605	705	900
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,300	21,400	9,000	23,200	23,200	28,200	21,600	26,200	18,400	21,800	30,000	20,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	32,000	14,400	38,500	50,000	30,000	34,280	42,280	27,160	34,080	43,200	26,950
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	69.0	76.0	62.0	96.0	98.0	96.0	85.0	89.0	79.2	88.2	91.8	83.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.0	74.0	60.0	73.0	82.0	61.0	70.0	73.8	64.4	81.2	84.4	76.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	30.8	24.0	37.0	3.6	2.9	4.4	15.0	11.0	20.9	11.8	8.2	16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	x	2.8	0.3	x	0.6	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.7	1.0	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.8	7.6	9.8	1.6	1.4	1.8	5.1	4.0	6.7	5.4	4.3	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.8	6.8	8.5	1.4	1.3	1.6	4.6	3.7	5.9	4.9	4.1	6.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	425	185	235	520	250	270	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	5,295	2,590	2,705
Without total income	10	5	0	25	15	10	161,620	78,885	82,730	265	135	135
With total income	415	185	230	495	235	255	3,213,490	1,597,075	1,616,415	5,025	2,455	2,575
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	20	10	40	15	25	271,260	111,180	160,085	455	160	290
$10,000 to $19,999	45	15	30	40	15	20	307,390	122,515	184,880	395	165	230
$20,000 to $29,999	120	55	70	35	20	20	483,175	210,085	273,090	540	215	325
$30,000 to $39,999	55	15	40	30	15	15	384,115	161,270	222,840	515	195	315
$40,000 to $49,999	40	10	25	25	10	10	332,120	148,870	183,245	500	220	280
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	15	35	5	30	277,960	132,620	145,340	510	245	265
$60,000 to $69,999	25	10	10	25	10	20	232,840	119,260	113,580	425	210	215
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	20	10	10	187,305	105,100	82,205	380	190	185
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	0	25	5	15	146,920	87,190	59,725	290	160	125
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	5	25	10	15	124,520	73,960	50,560	240	135	105
$100,000 and over	40	25	20	205	120	85	465,885	325,025	140,860	790	555	235
$100,000 to $149,999	25	10	15	85	40	45	291,955	191,190	100,765	575	390	185
$150,000 and over	15	15	0	120	80	40	173,935	133,835	40,100	215	160	50
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	425	185	235	520	250	270	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	5,295	2,590	2,705
Without after-tax income	10	5	0	25	15	10	159,820	77,915	81,900	265	135	135
With after-tax income	415	185	230	495	235	255	3,215,295	1,598,045	1,617,245	5,030	2,460	2,575
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	20	10	35	15	25	282,760	115,430	167,325	460	165	295
$10,000 to $19,999	45	15	30	40	20	25	320,525	128,425	192,100	410	170	240
$20,000 to $29,999	125	55	70	35	15	20	545,450	237,370	308,080	610	245	365
$30,000 to $39,999	65	25	45	35	15	15	449,440	194,945	254,500	625	255	370
$40,000 to $49,999	45	10	30	35	15	20	388,170	182,160	206,010	670	315	355
$50,000 to $59,999	20	15	10	35	15	25	314,650	160,140	154,510	590	280	305
$60,000 to $69,999	30	20	10	30	10	20	240,015	135,075	104,940	485	260	225
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	30	5	20	178,580	106,080	72,495	335	195	140
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	10	35	15	20	138,170	82,415	55,755	285	175	115
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	25	15	10	92,045	59,450	32,595	175	130	50
$100,000 and over	30	20	5	155	100	60	265,490	196,560	68,930	375	265	105
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	5	50	20	25	121,505	85,805	35,705	190	135	60
$125,000 and over	15	15	0	110	75	35	143,985	110,760	33,225	185	130	50
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	425	185	235	520	250	270	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	5,295	2,590	2,705
Without employment income	165	65	100	130	55	75	948,210	413,405	534,805	1,040	460	585
With employment income	255	120	130	390	195	195	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	4,250	2,135	2,115
Under $5,000 (including loss)	35	15	20	50	25	30	305,715	142,525	163,185	365	160	205
$5,000 to $9,999	40	10	30	20	10	5	186,575	78,780	107,795	290	105	185
$10,000 to $19,999	30	15	15	20	15	10	270,795	116,950	153,845	380	130	250
$20,000 to $29,999	30	15	15	25	10	15	212,530	93,955	118,575	310	120	190
$30,000 to $39,999	15	10	5	15	5	10	202,095	92,015	110,080	320	135	180
$40,000 to $49,999	15	10	10	25	5	20	193,315	92,690	100,625	395	180	215
$50,000 to $59,999	15	10	10	10	0	10	181,745	89,815	91,930	410	205	205
$60,000 to $69,999	5	5	0	15	5	10	161,830	85,450	76,375	365	185	180
$70,000 to $79,999	10	10	0	20	10	15	133,940	78,540	55,400	300	160	140
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	0	15	5	10	110,580	67,335	43,240	240	150	90
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	5	25	10	15	101,430	59,855	41,575	215	120	90
$100,000 and over	35	20	15	155	105	50	366,350	264,635	101,720	675	485	190
$100,000 to $124,999	10	0	10	40	20	15	158,925	103,055	55,870	345	240	110
$125,000 and over	25	15	5	120	85	40	207,430	161,580	45,850	325	245	85
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	420	190	230	520	250	265	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	5,295	2,595	2,700
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	405	180	225	480	230	250	3,147,180	1,561,420	1,585,760	4,940	2,415	2,525
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,200	28,800	25,400	85,000	110,000	67,000	44,400	54,800	36,400	51,200	61,600	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	405	180	225	480	230	250	3,148,375	1,561,645	1,586,735	4,945	2,415	2,525
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,000	28,400	25,400	70,500	86,000	57,200	39,600	47,600	33,600	44,800	52,400	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	285	130	155	455	225	230	2,869,935	1,456,690	1,413,250	4,615	2,305	2,310
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	48,000	24,800	87,000	111,000	68,000	43,200	54,000	34,400	51,200	63,200	40,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	265	120	140	380	195	185	2,438,175	1,267,255	1,170,925	4,250	2,130	2,120
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	48,000	25,600	89,000	112,000	68,000	44,400	55,200	36,000	52,800	64,000	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	365	155	210	365	170	190	2,675,790	1,312,270	1,363,520	4,185	1,985	2,195
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	1,040	10,800	890	890	1,010	1,620	1,010	4,080	990	890	2,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	35	10	20	15	5	10	245,140	118,390	126,750	430	165	265
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,500	x	6,600	x	x	x	6,240	5,640	7,050	7,100	5,040	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	375	165	210	605	295	305	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	5,335	2,645	2,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	350	150	200	550	265	280	3,146,890	1,560,995	1,585,890	4,965	2,495	2,465
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	51,000	41,200	145,000	182,000	111,000	60,750	74,200	47,560	61,650	74,700	48,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	350	150	200	550	265	280	3,147,975	1,561,230	1,586,750	4,970	2,495	2,470
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,800	44,000	36,400	104,800	129,000	82,000	49,720	59,050	40,520	50,680	60,100	41,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	255	105	150	540	260	280	2,871,550	1,456,805	1,414,740	4,635	2,370	2,265
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400	62,000	38,500	145,500	182,000	110,000	60,350	74,400	45,840	62,250	76,300	47,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	235	100	130	445	220	225	2,438,445	1,267,615	1,170,835	4,240	2,170	2,070
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,200	59,000	41,000	141,000	172,000	111,000	59,450	72,000	45,800	63,100	77,400	48,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	315	130	185	405	200	205	2,676,295	1,312,765	1,363,530	4,205	2,070	2,135
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,700	9,600	13,100	3,260	3,480	3,060	6,720	5,635	7,770	4,068	2,664	5,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25	0	20	0	0	0	244,330	117,410	126,920	430	150	275
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,000	...	12,000	...	...	...	7,990	7,020	8,900	7,840	5,900	8,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	375	160	210	605	295	305	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	5,335	2,645	2,685
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	105	55	50	250	125	125	1,111,760	636,785	474,975	2,275	1,275	995
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	73,000	66,500	78,500	125,000	146,000	107,000	68,500	77,500	58,800	69,500	80,000	60,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,000	76,000	74,000	220,000	272,000	168,000	83,800	95,700	67,800	82,800	95,000	67,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	95	35	65	130	55	75	941,295	443,225	498,070	1,500	660	835
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	x	20,000	29,800	35,600	22,200	30,000	37,200	25,400	33,200	50,400	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,000	44,000	23,000	45,000	62,000	32,000	43,280	54,050	33,720	43,600	59,000	31,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	77.0	84.0	70.0	98.0	98.0	98.0	90.6	93.6	86.0	94.4	97.0	90.2
Employment income (%)	72.0	76.0	68.0	78.5	78.0	79.0	75.8	78.8	71.0	87.4	90.0	83.6
Government transfers (%)	23.2	16.0	29.6	1.7	1.4	2.0	9.4	6.4	14.0	5.6	3.0	9.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	x	3.0	x	x	...	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.1	0.5	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	295	...	...	270	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,350	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	174,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	139,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	145	...	...	75	...	...	424,055	...	...	355	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	26,600	...	...	97,000	...	...	48,000	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	26,600	...	...	82,000	...	...	42,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	155	...	...	190	...	...	1,209,165	...	...	1,995	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	194,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	158,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	285	...	...	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,310	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	294,000	...	...	119,700	...	...	133,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...	212,000	...	...	98,800	...	...	111,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	160	...	...	60	...	...	424,120	...	...	335	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,500	...	...	170,000	...	...	62,050	...	...	79,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	51,400	...	...	64,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	130	...	...	230	...	...	1,209,100	...	...	1,975	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	328,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	236,000	...	...	115,500	...	...	119,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	295	...	...	265	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,350	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	16,810	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	8,310	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	12,525	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	17,725	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	45	...	...	5	...	...	49,050	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	52,025	...	...	25	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	41,490	...	...	35	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	48,190	...	...	30	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	52,710	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	51,200	...	...	35	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	104,130	...	...	80	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	106,340	...	...	110	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	104,230	...	...	150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	98,820	...	...	160	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	93,990	...	...	155	...	...
$100,000 and over	55	...	...	195	...	...	775,675	...	...	1,485	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	25	...	...	204,960	...	...	380	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	156,945	...	...	335	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	45	...	...	200,675	...	...	460	...	...
$200,000 and over	20	...	...	105	...	...	213,100	...	...	315	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	295	...	...	265	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,350	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5	...	...	18,920	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	8,620	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	12,950	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	18,925	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	50	...	...	0	...	...	52,455	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	58,000	...	...	25	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	48,620	...	...	30	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	56,195	...	...	40	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	62,115	...	...	40	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	60,880	...	...	50	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	126,900	...	...	110	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	127,780	...	...	165	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	122,795	...	...	200	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	117,335	...	...	220	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	106,445	...	...	175	...	...
$100,000 and over	45	...	...	180	...	...	634,290	...	...	1,230	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	214,810	...	...	445	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	149,640	...	...	345	...	...
$150,000 and over	20	...	...	115	...	...	269,845	...	...	440	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	145	...	...	190	...	...	1,150,150	...	...	1,955	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	196,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	160,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	65	...	...	423,245	...	...	530	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	178,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	146,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	85	...	...	527,475	...	...	1,160	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	256,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	190,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	75	...	...	35	...	...	162,425	...	...	205	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	114,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	99,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	170	90	80	85	35	55	612,970	318,840	294,130	515	255	260
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	27,200	28,600	25,800	85,000	98,000	80,000	43,600	46,400	40,800	66,500	66,500	65,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	26,800	28,600	25,400	71,500	95,000	66,000	39,200	41,200	37,200	56,000	56,000	55,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	115	...	...	225	...	...	1,149,555	...	...	1,945	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	324,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	141,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	234,000	...	...	115,100	...	...	117,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	85	...	...	423,255	...	...	520	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	224,000	...	...	128,400	...	...	129,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	172,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	106,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	95	...	...	528,270	...	...	1,205	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	510,000	...	...	167,000	...	...	152,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	350,000	...	...	136,200	...	...	127,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	35	...	...	161,495	...	...	175	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	39,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	85,100	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	74,800	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	190	95	95	70	40	30	612,950	318,115	294,835	490	275	215
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	34,500	39,500	140,000	80,000	220,000	56,550	60,100	52,750	70,400	65,500	76,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	31,200	35,000	100,000	64,000	150,000	47,360	49,600	44,960	58,200	54,400	62,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	550	270	280	655	300	350	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,535	6,935	3,425	3,510
0 to 17 years	135	80	50	155	70	90	953,865	490,345	463,520	1,855	950	905
0 to 5 years	80	50	20	40	15	25	302,980	155,160	147,820	680	365	315
18 to 64 years	380	175	210	425	200	220	2,638,940	1,317,995	1,320,945	4,680	2,285	2,395
65 years and over	40	10	20	70	30	35	584,915	279,845	305,065	395	190	210
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	205	95	105	25	15	15	382,820	182,970	199,855	335	150	185
0 to 17 years	70	40	30	10	5	5	107,130	54,765	52,370	105	50	50
0 to 5 years	45	30	15	0	0	0	36,250	18,465	17,790	40	20	20
18 to 64 years	115	45	65	20	5	10	213,795	103,030	110,765	190	75	115
65 years and over	20	5	15	5	5	5	61,890	25,180	36,720	40	20	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	37.2	35.5	39.0	4.4	4.5	4.5	9.2	8.8	9.6	4.8	4.4	5.3
0 to 17 years (%)	54.0	50.0	60.0	5.0	8.0	x	11.2	11.2	11.3	5.6	5.6	5.6
0 to 5 years (%)	58.0	56.0	60.0	x	x	x	12.0	11.9	12.0	5.6	5.0	6.4
18 to 64 years (%)	29.6	27.0	32.0	4.0	3.0	4.5	8.1	7.8	8.4	4.0	3.3	4.8
65 years and over (%)	60.0	60.0	60.0	6.0	x	x	10.6	9.0	12.0	10.4	12.0	9.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	550	270	280	650	300	345	4,132,995	2,065,555	2,067,435	6,935	3,425	3,505
0 to 17 years	135	85	50	160	65	90	936,965	481,700	455,265	1,855	950	905
0 to 5 years	80	55	25	35	10	25	298,005	152,625	145,380	680	365	315
18 to 64 years	380	175	205	425	205	220	2,614,300	1,305,610	1,308,690	4,680	2,285	2,395
65 years and over	35	15	25	65	35	35	581,730	278,250	303,475	400	190	210
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	140	65	75	20	5	15	187,885	96,630	91,255	190	85	105
0 to 17 years	45	25	20	5	0	0	43,110	21,925	21,180	50	25	20
0 to 5 years	35	20	10	0	0	0	13,945	7,045	6,900	15	10	5
18 to 64 years	85	35	50	10	0	5	130,620	68,100	62,525	120	50	75
65 years and over	5	5	5	0	5	0	14,155	6,605	7,550	20	10	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	25.2	24.0	26.0	3.0	2.5	3.6	4.6	4.7	4.4	2.7	2.5	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	34.0	30.0	40.0	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.7	2.6	2.8	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	44.0	40.0	45.0	x	x	x	4.7	4.6	4.8	2.4	2.8	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	22.0	20.0	23.0	3.2	x	4.0	5.0	5.2	4.8	2.6	2.1	3.0
65 years and over (%)	25.0	30.0	20.0	x	x	x	2.4	2.4	2.5	5.2	5.0	6.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	550	270	280	650	300	350	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	6,935	3,425	3,510
In bottom half of the distribution	425	195	225	115	50	65	1,894,410	924,245	970,165	2,480	1,215	1,265
In bottom decile	190	85	100	25	10	15	345,410	172,330	173,080	300	140	165
In second decile	115	45	70	10	5	0	385,215	179,975	205,240	340	155	190
In third decile	50	25	30	20	10	5	380,170	184,770	195,400	460	230	235
In fourth decile	35	20	15	30	15	15	386,560	190,330	196,235	615	315	300
In fifth decile	30	20	15	25	10	15	397,055	196,830	200,215	765	385	385
In top half of the distribution	125	70	55	535	250	290	2,283,310	1,163,940	1,119,365	4,455	2,210	2,245
In sixth decile	15	10	10	35	15	20	406,615	204,040	202,575	820	400	420
In seventh decile	25	15	10	45	20	25	420,810	212,460	208,350	970	495	480
In eighth decile	20	15	5	65	35	30	440,225	223,690	216,535	910	445	465
In ninth decile	20	5	10	95	45	55	470,850	240,765	230,085	985	480	500
In top decile	50	30	25	300	145	160	544,810	282,985	261,825	765	390	380
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	550	...	...	650	...	...	4,177,720	...	...	6,935	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.442	...	...	0.408	...	...	0.350	...	...	0.264	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.700	...	...	0.438	...	...	0.450	...	...	0.332	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.392	...	...	0.357	...	...	0.307	...	...	0.234	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.5	...	...	4.8	...	...	3.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	550	270	280	650	300	345	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	6,935	3,425	3,505
English only	495	250	245	495	245	255	3,894,690	1,960,785	1,933,905	6,355	3,170	3,190
French only	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,105	1,330	1,780	5	0	5
English and French	35	10	20	155	60	95	258,330	119,725	138,605	410	195	220
Neither English nor French	25	5	10	0	0	0	65,705	26,945	38,760	160	65	90
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	550	270	280	650	300	345	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	6,935	3,425	3,505
English	520	260	260	605	280	325	4,078,135	2,042,220	2,035,915	6,640	3,290	3,355
French	5	0	5	40	25	20	64,440	32,960	31,485	70	35	35
English and French	0	0	0	5	0	5	15,525	7,680	7,840	70	40	30
Neither English nor French	25	5	10	0	0	0	63,735	25,925	37,810	155	65	90
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	550	270	280	650	300	345	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	6,935	3,425	3,505
Single responses	525	260	265	625	290	335	4,055,375	2,028,210	2,027,165	6,425	3,165	3,255
Official languages	365	200	160	555	265	295	3,148,690	1,591,780	1,556,910	3,795	1,915	1,880
English	360	200	160	515	245	275	3,083,840	1,558,570	1,525,265	3,730	1,880	1,850
French	5	0	5	40	25	15	64,855	33,210	31,645	65	35	30
Non-official languages	165	60	100	70	25	45	906,680	436,430	470,250	2,625	1,250	1,380
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0	0	0	17,200	8,165	9,035	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,155	7,265	7,890	5	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,160	1,315	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,370	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,290	5,920	6,365	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	705	890	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	650	655	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,255	4,495	4,760	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	180	205	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	610	735	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	605	725	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	495	585	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	40	100	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	35	80	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	205	235	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	180	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	160	60	100	70	25	45	889,485	428,270	461,215	2,625	1,250	1,375
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	30	60	0	0	0	82,270	42,330	39,935	90	45	45
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	185	150	5	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	5	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	60	30	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	14,995	7,485	7,515	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	345	300	0	0	0
Oromo	5	0	5	0	0	0	3,485	1,780	1,705	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	5	0	0	0	10,750	5,280	5,470	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Semitic languages	75	25	45	0	0	0	66,720	34,555	32,165	85	40	40
Amharic	25	10	20	0	0	0	8,165	3,925	4,245	15	5	5
Arabic	35	15	20	0	0	0	46,425	24,385	22,045	55	25	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	405	430	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	225	220	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	110	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	455	425	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	20	5	5	0	0	0	10,065	5,210	4,855	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	50	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	5	0	5	25,655	11,520	14,135	25	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	800	975	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	5	0	5	23,705	10,615	13,090	20	5	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	100	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	10	5	0	5	131,755	58,110	73,640	645	285	360
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	235	295	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	985	1,285	20	10	10
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,210	2,300	2,910	40	15	30
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,370	1,005	1,370	15	5	5
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,440	3,325	4,110	25	10	10
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	510	765	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	155	220	5	5	5
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	90	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	620	650	5	0	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	235	280	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	5	0	5	108,395	47,810	60,590	515	235	280
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	195	225	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	605	5	0	5
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,745	875	875	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	140	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	215	210	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,170	8,845	8,330	60	30	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	295	295	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,785	4,450	4,330	30	15	15
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,950	2,610	2,340	20	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,715	1,425	1,295	15	10	10
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	90	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	20	20	35	20	20	454,815	224,310	230,505	1,175	580	600
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,250	1,100	20	15	5
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	15	5	10	70,185	32,420	37,760	320	145	175
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	405	475	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	165	205	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	240	275	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	5	15	5	10	69,305	32,020	37,285	315	145	170
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	5	5	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	640	660	10	5	5
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,700	1,265	1,435	5	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	185	185	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	5	0	5	17,540	8,130	9,410	50	25	25
Russian	5	5	0	10	0	5	17,735	7,850	9,890	180	75	105
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,085	5,270	35	20	15
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,860	905	960	5	5	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,260	2,105	2,155	10	5	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	1,975	2,065	15	10	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	90	5	5	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	910	950	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	245	305	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,750	7,630	9,125	35	15	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	130	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	45	25	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	75	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	93,145	45,830	47,320	25	15	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60,990	29,660	31,325	10	5	5
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,835	29,055	30,775	10	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	550	495	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,670	14,425	14,245	15	10	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,150	1,555	1,595	10	5	5
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,140	6,605	6,535	5	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,545	1,510	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,815	4,455	4,355	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	120	125	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,540	1,615	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	945	910	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	245	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	310	370	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,430	1,385	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	10	5	0	197,415	100,095	97,320	320	160	165
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	5	10	5	0	176,130	89,315	86,820	280	140	140
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,735	3,900	3,835	10	0	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,330	7,920	7,415	85	40	45
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,815	9,525	9,285	50	20	25
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	720	905	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	170	180	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,910	970	935	20	5	10
Nepali	0	0	0	10	5	0	5,900	3,035	2,865	15	10	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	90	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	5	0	0	0	91,070	46,205	44,870	30	20	15
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	345	340	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,700	1,380	1,325	10	5	5
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,635	14,425	14,210	60	30	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	495	445	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	21,225	10,750	10,470	45	20	25
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	5	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	1,035	975	5	5	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,960	1,505	1,460	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,065	8,115	7,955	35	15	15
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,490	2,515	5	5	5
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,030	4,585	4,445	25	10	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	1,040	995	5	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	5	10	5	88,045	42,845	45,205	475	235	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	45	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,505	4,745	4,755	5	0	5
Portuguese	5	0	0	0	0	0	9,910	4,750	5,165	55	20	30
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,425	3,635	3,790	80	40	40
Spanish	5	0	5	5	10	5	61,090	29,655	31,435	335	170	165
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,575	1,550	3,025	5	5	0
Korean	0	0	0	5	0	5	19,240	8,935	10,305	65	35	25
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	255	310	20	5	10
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,500	8,265	8,235	35	15	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	855	800	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	115	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	95	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	725	650	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	550	585	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	100	95	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	190	205	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	305	350	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	530	580	5	5	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	50	100	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,455	1,165	1,290	5	0	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	145	115	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,205	1,710	1,490	15	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,090	1,170	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,275	1,175	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	575	470	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	290	335	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	340	310	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	370	330	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	20	10	15	118,025	54,995	63,030	440	210	235
Chinese languages	5	0	5	20	10	15	115,870	53,935	61,940	440	210	235
Hakka	0	0	0	5	0	5	880	405	470	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	5	5	0	5	54,135	25,165	28,970	385	180	205
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,400	1,040	1,360	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	215	225	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	10	5	10	56,280	26,280	30,005	55	25	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	760	845	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,015	1,040	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	205	215	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	365	355	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	290	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	335	335	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,040	1,110	1,935	10	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	460	490	5	5	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	620	1,390	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,335	2,360	1,975	25	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	235	200	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,290	1,825	1,460	10	10	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	130	110	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	75	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,120	2,890	3,230	20	10	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	285	415	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,530	2,725	20	10	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	80	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	10	15	25	10	10	166,455	80,575	85,890	505	255	250
English and French	5	0	5	10	5	5	17,600	8,520	9,085	25	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	10	5	5	131,195	63,735	67,465	435	225	210
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,125	1,535	1,590	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	0	2,425	1,160	1,270	10	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,105	5,625	6,480	35	15	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	550	270	280	650	300	345	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	6,935	3,425	3,505
English	355	195	170	525	240	280	3,183,975	1,606,395	1,577,580	3,840	1,925	1,915
French	0	0	0	10	5	5	15,490	7,660	7,835	10	0	5
Non-official language	50	25	25	20	5	10	272,985	131,515	141,475	800	375	430
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,700	1,890	1,805	5	0	0
Non-Indigenous	50	25	25	20	5	10	269,280	129,620	139,665	800	370	430
English and French	0	0	0	45	20	30	41,100	19,580	21,515	80	45	35
English and non-official language(s)	125	50	75	50	20	25	664,935	323,185	341,750	2,085	1,020	1,060
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	725	865	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0	0	0	17,280	8,175	9,105	35	20	20
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	24,475	11,545	12,930	80	40	40
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	550	270	280	650	300	345	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	6,935	3,425	3,505
Single responses	530	265	265	630	295	335	4,054,960	2,027,555	2,027,400	6,390	3,150	3,250
Official languages	420	220	205	605	280	325	3,504,300	1,758,870	1,745,425	4,595	2,285	2,305
English	420	220	200	580	270	315	3,481,545	1,747,645	1,733,895	4,575	2,280	2,295
French	0	0	0	30	15	15	22,755	11,225	11,530	20	5	10
Non-official languages	110	45	65	20	10	15	550,665	268,690	281,975	1,795	860	940
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,175	3,615	3,565	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,355	3,210	3,140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	490	475	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	235	240	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	150	145	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,510	2,275	2,230	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	345	340	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	340	340	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	300	290	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	110	45	65	20	10	15	543,490	265,075	278,415	1,795	855	935
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	25	50	0	0	0	52,375	26,290	26,085	40	20	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	80	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	10,170	5,010	5,155	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Oromo	10	5	10	0	0	0	2,580	1,305	1,270	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,425	3,620	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	20	40	0	0	0	41,920	21,120	20,800	40	20	20
Amharic	25	5	20	0	0	0	5,025	2,385	2,635	5	5	5
Arabic	20	10	10	0	0	0	28,040	14,195	13,840	25	10	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	310	325	5	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	155	160	5	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	215	200	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	5	10	0	0	0	7,600	3,905	3,700	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,075	7,795	9,285	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	430	545	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,945	7,280	8,670	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	82,190	38,845	43,345	430	200	230
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	595	660	15	10	10
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,990	1,435	1,555	25	15	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	610	680	10	5	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,450	2,075	2,375	10	5	5
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	215	220	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	95	120	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	330	370	5	0	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,570	32,865	36,705	350	160	185
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	485	525	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	115	115	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	105	100	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,840	5,985	5,855	45	20	25
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	150	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,270	3,150	3,120	20	5	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,790	1,690	15	5	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	860	845	10	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	60	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	15	10	15	10	5	265,460	131,850	133,610	815	400	420
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	550	490	5	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	115	125	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	28,760	13,815	14,945	205	100	105
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	175	170	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	105	105	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	28,415	13,640	14,775	200	100	105
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	290	305	5	5	5
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	365	400	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,230	3,575	30	15	10
Russian	0	0	0	5	0	5	10,885	5,205	5,680	135	60	70
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	2,105	2,265	20	10	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	360	395	5	5	5
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,525	740	785	10	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	990	1,065	10	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	295	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,080	1,990	2,090	15	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,925	20,195	20,730	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,275	14,360	14,920	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,025	14,235	14,790	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	5,675	5,630	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	850	870	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	725	800	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,280	1,170	1,115	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,620	2,850	2,770	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	75	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	430	505	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	146,225	73,640	72,580	235	105	125
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	5	0	0	0	132,370	66,780	65,590	210	95	115
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,085	2,505	2,580	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,620	5,435	5,185	80	40	45
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,295	6,225	6,075	25	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	345	480	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	570	570	10	0	5
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,280	2,200	2,080	15	5	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	5	0	0	0	75,180	38,085	37,090	25	10	10
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	200	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	790	805	5	5	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,080	9,990	10,085	45	20	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	13,835	6,850	6,980	30	10	15
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	655	660	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	960	960	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,495	5,190	5,310	20	10	10
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,990	1,435	1,560	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,150	3,065	3,080	15	10	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	47,235	23,055	24,180	360	185	180
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	915	1,220	5	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,230	2,355	45	20	25
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,745	1,775	40	25	20
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,925	18,135	18,790	265	135	130
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	920	1,275	0	5	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,510	6,915	7,590	60	35	25
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	165	200	20	10	5
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,470	3,055	3,415	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	370	380	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	215	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	255	315	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	160	175	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	195	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	505	595	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	100	80	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	300	375	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	640	625	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	310	245	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	135	145	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,325	765	560	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	610	455	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	150	105	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	81,325	38,350	42,970	330	145	180
Chinese languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	79,775	37,570	42,200	330	145	180
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	125	180	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	5	0	0	0	40,005	19,245	20,765	300	135	165
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	405	575	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	130	140	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,205	17,195	20,010	35	15	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	455	505	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	765	745	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	125	125	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	280	280	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	230	225	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	265	245	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	655	755	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	205	230	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	430	495	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,405	1,285	15	10	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	115	120	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,180	1,145	1,035	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	860	945	15	5	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	50	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	795	880	15	5	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	10	10	25	10	10	166,875	81,225	85,650	540	280	260
English and French	0	0	0	5	0	0	8,010	3,875	4,130	10	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	15	10	5	152,980	74,600	78,375	515	265	245
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	345	430	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	845	915	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,355	1,560	1,795	10	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	550	270	280	650	300	350	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	6,930	3,425	3,510
None	430	225	200	570	265	305	3,610,710	1,812,855	1,797,850	5,115	2,545	2,565
English	50	10	35	20	10	10	224,860	111,370	113,495	795	385	415
French	0	0	0	25	10	15	30,900	14,530	16,375	65	35	30
Non-official language	60	25	35	30	10	15	279,795	133,050	146,750	715	335	380
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,470	4,835	5,630	10	5	5
Non-Indigenous	60	25	30	30	10	15	269,325	128,210	141,115	705	330	370
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,370	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0	0	0	34,750	17,340	17,410	125	65	60
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0	0	0	7,875	3,655	4,220	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	295	275	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	29,550	14,325	15,225	100	45	50
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	480	220	260	720	340	385	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	6,935	3,460	3,480
Official languages	465	220	245	720	340	385	4,113,035	2,061,660	2,051,375	6,785	3,395	3,385
English	465	220	245	720	340	385	4,109,720	2,060,230	2,049,495	6,780	3,395	3,385
French	45	20	25	225	95	125	260,415	119,860	140,560	415	165	250
Non-official languages	195	75	120	135	40	90	1,215,795	587,465	628,325	3,455	1,655	1,795
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,910	15,640	17,275	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,220	13,945	15,275	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,605	3,085	3,515	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,000	10,590	11,410	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,980	10,585	11,395	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	90	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,265	1,840	2,425	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,060	1,100	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,405	7,600	7,800	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	480	570	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	470	555	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	290	345	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,510	1,145	1,365	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,490	1,140	1,350	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,760	840	920	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	165	230	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	120	165	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	45	80	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	55	100	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	10	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	580	580	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	105	95	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	455	430	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	35	65	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	190	75	115	135	40	90	1,183,510	572,060	611,450	3,450	1,655	1,790
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	20	65	0	0	0	123,440	63,820	59,620	195	110	85
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	370	260	25	15	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	25	15	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	135	45	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	40	15	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	500	345	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	470	335	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	20,915	10,520	10,385	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	415	385	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,390	2,775	2,610	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,865	7,395	7,475	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	0	55	0	0	0	105,580	54,910	50,670	170	100	80
Amharic	35	0	35	0	0	0	15,775	8,070	7,700	45	25	20
Arabic	25	0	15	0	0	0	76,760	40,430	36,335	100	55	40
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,125	625	495	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	255	190	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	125	105	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,710	1,935	1,770	30	15	15
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	0	15	0	0	0	15,380	7,855	7,515	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	285	130	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,940	16,645	19,295	35	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,275	1,410	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,020	15,240	17,785	25	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	225	165	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	181,630	80,370	101,260	805	360	450
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	605	535	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,285	1,720	35	20	15
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,560	3,850	4,710	50	25	30
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	165	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,750	1,590	2,160	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,710	5,825	7,885	35	20	15
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,045	1,355	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	230	380	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	95	80	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	805	900	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,210	1,465	15	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	560	660	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	172,625	76,255	96,375	795	360	440
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	460	550	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,045	2,295	2,750	20	0	15
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,360	2,730	2,630	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	765	670	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	210	275	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	260	270	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	25	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	670	585	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	580	580	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,790	13,240	12,545	120	55	65
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,785	915	870	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,090	6,195	5,890	40	15	25
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,105	5,340	4,760	35	25	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,040	2,575	2,465	55	25	30
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	75	45	35	95	30	65	607,625	300,360	307,265	1,600	825	780
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,730	1,405	20	15	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	440	355	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	15	0	15	88,305	41,660	46,640	355	185	170
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	425	545	10	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	130	195	10	10	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	300	350	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	15	0	15	87,775	41,425	46,350	355	185	170
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	165	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	800	880	20	10	10
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,880	1,930	1,950	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	295	345	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	0	10	22,385	10,655	11,730	35	15	25
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,760	14,030	15,725	250	130	125
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,860	6,820	7,035	45	30	15
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,470	1,675	1,795	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,440	3,510	25	15	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,415	3,155	3,260	20	15	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,540	1,165	1,375	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	335	440	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,340	10,625	12,715	25	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	25	10	20	107,065	53,150	53,915	65	40	25
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	175	210	0	0	0
High German languages	10	0	0	10	0	10	66,405	33,105	33,300	40	35	10
German	10	0	0	10	0	10	65,370	32,550	32,820	40	35	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,585	785	800	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	135	85	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	38,720	19,390	19,320	30	15	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	15	10	0	5,940	3,005	2,935	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,170	8,515	8,655	20	10	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,055	2,030	2,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	150	140	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,395	5,810	5,590	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	180	195	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,545	2,760	10	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,525	1,295	1,225	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	45	85	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	555	680	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	760	855	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,645	2,365	2,280	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	20	15	0	0	0	266,095	135,440	130,660	610	315	295
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0	0	0	0	242,500	123,495	119,005	575	305	265
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	10	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,675	5,385	5,285	15	10	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,780	12,630	12,150	145	85	60
Hindi	15	10	0	0	0	0	94,015	48,065	45,945	340	165	175
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,495	1,550	1,945	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	430	425	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,080	1,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,995	3,620	3,370	30	10	20
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	115	135	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	126,385	64,695	61,690	125	70	60
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	755	620	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,950	2,010	30	10	15
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,540	26,420	25,125	145	80	60
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,155	970	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	27,205	13,830	13,380	40	15	25
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	60	35	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	10	0	0	0	0	2,510	1,335	1,180	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,550	2,335	2,220	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	20,940	10,630	10,310	25	10	20
Dari	10	0	10	0	0	0	7,385	3,640	3,745	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,130	5,755	5,370	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,390	1,320	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	105	100	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	185	130	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	10	50	15	30	154,035	74,195	79,845	600	295	310
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	10	0	10	19,480	9,525	9,960	20	15	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,645	7,290	7,355	90	40	55
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,930	4,830	80	40	35
Spanish	20	15	10	45	15	30	116,070	55,430	60,640	415	200	215
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	270	185	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	135	165	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,925	4,845	6,080	40	15	25
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,030	10,705	12,325	35	25	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	355	435	60	30	30
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,335	20,960	20,375	155	60	105
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,805	1,755	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	400	335	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	270	205	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	265	255	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	350	380	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	205	210	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,685	2,390	2,295	40	20	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,010	945	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	790	765	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	180	145	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	465	480	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	675	630	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	1,035	1,130	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	140	180	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,495	5,040	4,455	10	0	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	400	330	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,490	5,265	5,220	75	25	50
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,160	3,230	20	10	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,615	1,890	1,725	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	740	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	355	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	695	590	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	240	200	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,525	2,455	4,070	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,685	2,100	3,585	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	415	550	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0	0	40	10	25	144,545	68,355	76,190	550	240	310
Chinese languages	20	0	0	40	10	25	141,465	66,830	74,635	540	235	295
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	630	820	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	15	0	15	82,095	38,175	43,915	490	215	270
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,250	1,825	2,425	10	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	335	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	25	10	15	74,960	35,260	39,700	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	860	930	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,035	1,510	1,520	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	450	450	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	555	545	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	485	480	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	435	390	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	135	195	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	75	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,335	1,770	2,565	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	755	760	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,030	1,125	1,905	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	90	130	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	4,015	3,435	30	15	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	500	445	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,830	3,285	2,540	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	80	120	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	225	210	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	110	140	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,950	3,810	4,140	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	105	135	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	480	540	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,700	3,235	3,465	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	630	505	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	485	225	260	720	340	380	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	6,935	3,460	3,480
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	65	35	35	15	0	10	284,470	137,665	146,800	95	45	50
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	65	35	35	15	0	10	276,060	133,625	142,435	80	40	40
First Nations (North American Indian)	50	25	25	0	0	0	145,640	70,360	75,285	45	25	20
Métis	15	10	10	15	0	10	127,470	61,780	65,690	40	20	20
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,945	1,480	1,465	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,785	2,435	2,350	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,610	2,010	15	0	10
Non-Indigenous identity	420	185	230	705	335	375	3,893,245	1,950,565	1,942,685	6,845	3,415	3,430
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	485	225	260	720	340	380	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	6,935	3,460	3,480
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	45	25	20	0	0	0	126,530	61,050	65,485	40	10	30
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	435	195	240	720	340	380	4,051,185	2,027,185	2,024,000	6,895	3,445	3,450
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	285	...	...	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,310	...	...
Owner	65	...	...	250	...	...	1,157,495	...	...	2,045	...	...
Renter	225	...	...	30	...	...	465,220	...	...	265	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	285	...	...	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,310	...	...
Condominium	60	...	...	100	...	...	294,875	...	...	375	...	...
Not condominium	220	...	...	185	...	...	1,338,345	...	...	1,935	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	285	...	...	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,310	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	9,160	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	135	...	...	0	...	...	158,300	...	...	65	...	...
2 bedrooms	125	...	...	75	...	...	350,400	...	...	420	...	...
3 bedrooms	25	...	...	110	...	...	566,750	...	...	1,260	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...	100	...	...	548,610	...	...	570	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	285	...	...	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,310	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	220	...	...	15	...	...	427,120	...	...	515	...	...
5 rooms	30	...	...	25	...	...	258,680	...	...	555	...	...
6 rooms	15	...	...	75	...	...	235,145	...	...	465	...	...
7 rooms	10	...	...	60	...	...	206,130	...	...	300	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	110	...	...	506,150	...	...	475	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.8	...	...	7.1	...	...	6.4	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	285	...	...	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,310	...	...
One person or fewer per room	280	...	...	285	...	...	1,589,600	...	...	2,225	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	0	...	...	43,620	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	285	...	...	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,310	...	...
Suitable	265	...	...	285	...	...	1,556,960	...	...	2,205	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	0	...	...	76,260	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	285	...	...	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,310	...	...
1960 or before	55	...	...	25	...	...	168,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	145	...	...	15	...	...	428,655	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	30	...	...	0	...	...	188,550	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	20	...	...	45	...	...	224,315	...	...	30	...	...
2001 to 2005	15	...	...	160	...	...	152,840	...	...	45	...	...
2006 to 2010	15	...	...	20	...	...	168,905	...	...	970	...	...
2011 to 2015	20	...	...	15	...	...	161,095	...	...	530	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	139,935	...	...	725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	285	...	...	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,310	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	215	...	...	280	...	...	1,543,795	...	...	2,285	...	...
Major repairs needed	75	...	...	0	...	...	89,420	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	285	...	...	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,310	...	...
One-maintainer household	230	...	...	135	...	...	802,915	...	...	840	...	...
Two-maintainer household	45	...	...	150	...	...	745,175	...	...	1,295	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	0	...	...	85,130	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	285	...	...	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,310	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	0	...	...	51,475	...	...	35	...	...
25 to 34 years	55	...	...	30	...	...	260,820	...	...	445	...	...
35 to 44 years	70	...	...	50	...	...	341,390	...	...	740	...	...
45 to 54 years	40	...	...	100	...	...	304,080	...	...	560	...	...
55 to 64 years	75	...	...	70	...	...	311,335	...	...	350	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	30	...	...	222,825	...	...	130	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	0	...	...	105,505	...	...	45	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,775	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	290	...	...	285	...	...	1,588,960	...	...	2,310	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	230	...	...	240	...	...	1,251,370	...	...	1,885	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	60	...	...	45	...	...	337,585	...	...	425	...	...
30% to less than 100%	50	...	...	45	...	...	306,355	...	...	380	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	290	...	...	285	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	2,310	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	140	...	...	50	...	...	463,775	...	...	520	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	45	...	...	45	...	...	304,300	...	...	390	...	...
Not suitable only	20	...	...	0	...	...	58,970	...	...	80	...	...
Major repairs needed only	60	...	...	0	...	...	61,750	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	11,080	...	...	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0	...	...	21,460	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	5,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	740	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	150	...	...	235	...	...	1,169,450	...	...	1,790	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	280	...	...	280	...	...	1,557,725	...	...	2,265	...	...
In core need	95	...	...	0	...	...	154,230	...	...	90	...	...
Not in core need	180	...	...	280	...	...	1,403,495	...	...	2,175	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	65	...	...	255	...	...	1,131,995	...	...	2,040	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	69.2	...	...	56.9	...	...	64.2	...	...	88.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	9.8	...	...	16.0	...	...	17.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.6	...	...	3.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,920	...	...	1,880	...	...	1,600	...	...	2,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,850	...	...	1,940	...	...	1,678	...	...	2,070	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	416,000	...	...	650,000	...	...	400,000	...	...	428,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	370,000	...	...	700,000	...	...	448,800	...	...	450,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	220	...	...	35	...	...	463,570	...	...	270	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	70.5	...	...	0.0	...	...	9.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.7	...	...	42.9	...	...	34.0	...	...	25.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	42.9	...	...	0.0	...	...	20.7	...	...	11.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	468	...	...	x	...	...	1,280	...	...	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	720	...	...	2,400	...	...	1,332	...	...	1,760	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.5	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	302	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	350	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	485	225	265	725	335	385	4,177,715	2,088,230	2,089,480	6,935	3,455	3,480
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	65	35	30	0	0	0	135,650	66,545	69,110	20	0	20
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	65	35	30	0	0	0	131,200	64,375	66,820	20	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	55	35	25	0	0	0	101,455	49,465	51,990	20	0	20
Métis single ancestry	15	0	10	0	0	0	28,695	14,340	14,355	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	570	480	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,175	2,285	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,090	1,985	2,100	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	90	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10	0	0	15	0	10	187,365	90,475	96,890	95	50	50
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10	0	0	15	0	10	180,640	87,270	93,375	95	50	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0	0	0	102,335	49,695	52,640	70	30	35
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	10	76,055	36,420	39,640	25	15	10
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,720	3,210	3,515	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,150	2,915	3,235	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	130	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	410	185	230	705	335	370	3,854,695	1,931,210	1,923,485	6,825	3,405	3,415
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	485	225	260	725	340	385	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	6,935	3,455	3,475
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	430	205	215	700	335	370	3,792,705	1,903,020	1,889,685	5,955	3,010	2,945
Canadian citizens aged under 18	105	60	50	155	65	90	900,670	463,925	436,745	1,715	875	845
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	320	145	170	550	265	280	2,892,035	1,439,095	1,452,945	4,235	2,135	2,095
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	55	15	40	25	10	15	385,010	185,215	199,795	980	450	535
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	485	225	260	725	340	385	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	6,935	3,455	3,475
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	340	175	165	615	295	315	3,141,915	1,585,765	1,556,150	3,675	1,900	1,775
Immigrants⁸¹	145	50	95	95	40	60	970,970	468,250	502,725	3,135	1,505	1,630
Before 1980	0	0	0	20	10	10	127,275	62,275	65,005	75	35	40
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	20	15	10	91,320	44,550	46,770	120	70	45
1991 to 2000	30	15	15	25	10	20	126,605	60,125	66,480	250	125	130
2001 to 2010	45	20	30	20	0	10	239,260	115,815	123,445	1,435	680	755
2011 to 2021⁸²	60	20	35	15	0	10	386,510	185,485	201,025	1,260	600	655
2011 to 2015	25	0	20	0	0	0	193,335	93,675	99,665	855	430	425
2016 to 2021	35	15	20	10	0	0	193,175	91,810	101,360	405	170	230
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,830	34,215	30,610	125	55	70
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	145	50	95	100	40	60	970,975	468,250	502,725	3,130	1,505	1,630
Under 5 years	10	0	10	10	0	10	85,135	43,645	41,485	255	105	150
5 to 14 years	30	15	15	0	0	0	169,075	87,630	81,440	540	275	265
15 to 24 years	15	10	0	15	0	10	175,855	81,330	94,525	320	135	185
25 to 44 years	70	15	50	60	20	35	450,070	213,555	236,510	1,725	830	895
45 years and over	25	10	15	10	0	0	90,845	42,090	48,760	295	155	140
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	145	50	95	100	40	60	970,975	468,250	502,725	3,130	1,505	1,630
Americas	20	10	10	15	15	0	110,855	51,790	59,065	415	195	220
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	1,590	2,210	30	15	20
Colombia	10	0	0	0	0	0	10,385	4,855	5,535	145	65	75
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,940	3,340	3,600	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,375	1,175	1,205	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	745	625	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,695	4,160	4,530	35	15	15
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,990	8,935	9,055	35	15	20
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	825	1,075	20	10	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,360	1,560	1,800	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	10	10	0	30,540	13,490	17,050	80	35	45
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,500	11,110	12,395	75	35	35
Europe	0	0	0	35	10	25	180,590	90,195	90,395	425	225	200
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,335	2,155	2,185	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,405	1,710	1,700	20	15	10
France	0	0	0	10	0	10	2,720	1,330	1,390	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,635	8,000	8,635	10	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	855	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,080	1,505	1,580	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,990	3,605	3,380	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,730	6,680	6,050	10	10	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,595	7,280	8,315	40	15	20
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,895	1,835	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,190	3,585	3,605	40	20	20
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,470	3,205	4,260	45	10	30
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,220	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,050	4,870	35	20	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	10	0	10	56,675	29,555	27,125	85	45	45
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,990	13,535	13,460	125	75	55
Africa	60	10	50	20	10	10	119,295	60,715	58,580	250	125	125
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	665	560	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,215	1,640	1,575	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,760	3,660	3,095	10	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,720	5,230	4,495	0	0	0
Ethiopia	35	0	35	0	0	0	14,420	7,085	7,340	40	20	20
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,100	1,035	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,065	10,925	10,145	110	55	55
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,545	4,260	4,285	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	10	0	0	8,960	4,430	4,535	20	0	15
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	10	0	0	43,250	21,720	21,530	60	30	25
Asia	60	25	35	30	0	20	549,965	260,520	289,440	2,035	955	1,085
Afghanistan	10	0	10	0	0	0	6,585	3,235	3,350	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,865	4,625	4,245	0	0	0
Iraq	10	0	0	0	0	0	6,220	3,225	2,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,960	5,375	4,585	25	20	10
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,975	5,310	4,665	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,830	1,575	1,260	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,390	27,935	33,455	400	175	220
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	10	0	0	18,725	9,090	9,630	20	0	15
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,180	7,545	8,635	25	20	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,395	1,415	1,980	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	167,735	74,205	93,530	800	360	445
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,880	12,700	15,180	35	15	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,035	3,080	2,960	0	0	0
India	10	10	0	0	0	0	122,150	61,405	60,740	355	180	180
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,810	15,690	15,120	115	70	45
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,930	2,490	2,445	30	10	20
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	0	0	0	46,305	21,615	24,690	200	95	105
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,275	5,030	5,240	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	30	15	20	0	0	0	193,170	91,815	101,360	400	170	235
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,300	8,985	10,320	65	30	35
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	555	810	20	10	10
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	535	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	135	85	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	985	1,145	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,165	2,140	2,025	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,460	2,715	10	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	525	695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,645	2,070	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,750	7,955	7,795	80	40	35
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	200	200	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	310	445	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	640	425	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	285	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	395	695	10	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,045	920	1,125	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	2,170	1,630	25	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,135	3,045	3,090	45	30	15
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,320	16,870	17,450	40	15	25
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	50	105	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	220	230	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	385	520	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	595	595	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,120	2,665	2,450	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,865	2,100	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	215	290	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,840	4,950	4,890	30	15	15
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,960	970	985	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	1,025	930	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	530	605	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	150	105	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,725	2,680	3,040	10	0	10
Asia	20	10	10	0	0	0	122,360	57,210	65,145	220	85	135
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,350	655	700	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,495	4,095	5,400	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	330	395	0	0	0
India	10	0	0	0	0	0	31,815	16,070	15,745	50	20	30
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	665	750	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	625	680	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	365	295	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	50	285	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	235	220	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,440	1,990	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	455	500	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	670	695	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	1,950	2,130	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,605	21,395	26,215	125	45	80
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	360	325	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	370	365	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,295	3,900	3,400	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	405	440	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	375	315	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,760	580	1,180	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	1,670	2,540	15	10	10
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	785	655	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	510	430	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	280	220	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	485	220	260	720	340	380	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	6,935	3,460	3,480
First generation¹⁰⁰	145	50	95	125	50	75	1,074,140	522,255	551,885	3,315	1,600	1,715
Second generation¹⁰¹	85	35	45	165	75	90	777,505	391,285	386,215	1,390	685	705
Third generation or more¹⁰²	250	140	115	430	215	225	2,326,075	1,174,690	1,151,385	2,235	1,170	1,060
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	140	50	90	75	30	50	843,700	405,975	437,720	3,065	1,475	1,590
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	35	20	15	35	10	30	471,325	236,805	234,520	2,185	1,095	1,090
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	20	15	10	25	0	20	192,785	116,035	76,755	875	560	315
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10	0	10	10	0	10	278,535	120,765	157,765	1,310	535	775
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	40	20	25	30	15	10	240,090	98,410	141,680	605	230	370
Refugees¹⁰⁸	65	15	50	10	0	0	123,970	66,715	57,255	275	140	130
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,315	4,050	4,265	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	140	50	90	75	30	50	843,700	405,975	437,720	3,065	1,475	1,590
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,815	17,215	12,595	100	50	55
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	10	0	10	126,640	57,515	69,125	415	195	220
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,340	12,430	11,910	70	50	20
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	10	0	10	0	10	47,540	25,735	21,805	145	75	65
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,740	1,430	2,305	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	110	35	75	55	30	25	611,625	291,650	319,975	2,325	1,100	1,230
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	485	225	260	720	340	380	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	6,935	3,460	3,480
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	215	75	140	90	35	55	1,161,420	571,535	589,885	3,620	1,715	1,900
South Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	297,650	152,030	145,620	825	405	420
Chinese	30	15	15	55	25	35	164,235	79,520	84,710	595	250	345
Black	105	35	75	0	0	0	177,940	90,375	87,570	430	210	220
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	216,710	99,540	117,170	995	455	540
Arab	15	0	0	0	0	0	69,505	36,555	32,955	110	70	35
Latin American	10	0	0	0	0	0	66,520	32,115	34,405	345	165	180
Southeast Asian	20	10	10	0	0	0	54,005	25,215	28,790	50	20	30
West Asian	10	0	0	0	0	0	25,075	12,835	12,240	65	25	40
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,365	11,600	12,770	30	25	10
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,560	6,135	7,425	25	10	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0	0	0	0	12,100	5,985	6,120	60	30	30
Multiple visible minorities	15	0	15	0	0	0	39,745	19,625	20,120	90	50	40
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	275	145	125	635	305	330	3,016,295	1,516,700	1,499,605	3,315	1,735	1,575
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	485	220	260	725	340	385	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	6,935	3,455	3,475
Canadian	20	15	0	70	35	35	484,655	251,795	232,860	605	320	280
English	85	50	35	130	70	60	766,070	376,940	389,130	700	360	340
Irish	65	25	35	140	75	65	561,915	270,440	291,470	575	305	275
Scottish	60	30	30	140	55	85	631,015	309,855	321,160	635	355	280
French, n.o.s.¹²²	15	10	10	115	65	45	340,900	167,270	173,635	365	215	150
German	70	40	20	90	40	50	641,025	317,325	323,705	630	335	295
Chinese	15	0	10	70	20	45	177,990	85,545	92,440	685	300	385
Italian	0	0	0	25	0	20	98,730	49,855	48,875	155	85	70
Indian (India)	15	10	0	0	0	0	155,700	79,060	76,640	340	155	185
Ukrainian	25	25	0	65	45	20	343,640	169,070	174,575	305	165	135
Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	174,625	87,015	87,610	185	120	65
Polish	10	10	0	50	30	25	169,925	82,005	87,915	170	70	100
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,380	2,810	2,570	15	10	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	75	35	30	124,835	63,065	61,770	205	95	115
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	203,955	94,020	109,935	1,020	475	545
French Canadian	0	0	0	10	0	0	32,365	15,655	16,710	45	30	15
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	25	10	15	0	0	0	73,475	37,700	35,780	40	30	10
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	40	25	10	0	0	0	73,355	35,940	37,415	45	20	25
Métis	15	0	10	10	0	0	115,455	55,915	59,535	25	20	10
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	20	0	15	20	10	15	70,790	36,360	34,425	135	45	90
Russian	10	10	0	0	0	0	97,890	46,455	51,435	210	110	100
Norwegian	15	15	0	50	15	35	154,535	74,455	80,085	135	75	60
Welsh	0	0	0	20	0	15	76,810	36,840	39,970	40	20	25
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,415	10,745	10,680	25	10	15
American	0	0	0	30	20	10	66,100	32,535	33,560	100	45	55
Spanish	10	0	0	0	0	0	40,165	18,395	21,770	160	75	85
Swedish	0	0	0	25	10	10	92,975	43,950	49,025	90	60	35
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	10	10	51,360	25,175	26,185	55	25	30
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,110	5,175	4,935	35	25	15
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,535	20,140	19,390	85	45	35
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	50	15	35	0	0	0	34,225	17,015	17,210	85	45	50
Jewish	10	0	0	0	0	0	14,405	7,195	7,210	40	25	20
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,585	19,270	18,315	60	35	25
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,395	18,815	20,580	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,860	12,675	11,185	45	20	20
Greek	10	0	0	0	0	0	13,980	7,290	6,690	25	15	10
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,620	7,845	7,775	45	25	25
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,255	15,030	16,225	125	50	80
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	15	0	15	0	0	0	62,465	30,145	32,315	30	10	20
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,170	11,505	12,660	35	25	10
Romanian	0	0	0	15	0	15	31,530	14,880	16,650	65	35	30
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,480	14,600	13,880	70	45	30
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,380	5,165	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,380	7,135	7,240	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,190	27,550	28,640	60	25	35
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,435	12,745	13,695	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,860	15,005	13,855	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,220	17,895	18,325	30	15	20
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,985	10,715	11,270	15	15	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,460	1,255	1,200	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,535	10,485	10,050	145	70	70
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,450	12,870	12,580	35	15	20
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,565	15,825	15,740	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,450	11,045	11,405	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,705	9,040	9,665	20	10	15
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,140	2,600	2,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,720	6,830	6,890	25	10	10
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,605	8,565	10,040	35	10	25
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,945	4,525	4,420	60	30	25
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,305	4,030	4,275	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,800	13,080	12,720	35	10	20
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,420	6,350	6,065	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,585	5,080	4,505	15	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,105	5,985	6,125	55	35	20
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,160	1,645	1,515	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,720	9,865	9,850	65	30	35
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	5,380	5,735	155	90	65
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,620	1,375	1,250	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,730	9,465	10,260	30	25	10
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,520	4,880	4,645	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,370	1,715	1,655	10	10	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,380	5,155	5,225	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,570	3,310	20	15	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,655	3,760	25	20	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,680	2,280	2,395	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,615	4,495	4,125	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,715	3,340	3,375	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,505	1,655	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,640	2,425	2,215	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,595	2,300	2,295	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	3,725	2,945	10	10	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,065	1,870	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,525	3,435	3,090	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	680	620	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,000	2,340	2,655	70	30	35
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,600	7,585	7,015	65	30	35
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	930	940	15	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,525	5,200	5,320	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,430	3,470	3,965	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,310	8,160	8,150	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,630	1,510	2,120	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,385	2,345	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,055	3,475	3,580	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,445	3,460	3,980	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,800	3,120	2,680	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,735	1,930	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	820	860	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	995	1,220	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,670	2,635	3,035	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,400	4,055	4,345	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,395	4,275	4,125	15	10	10
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,365	2,060	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,350	3,765	3,590	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,540	1,815	1,725	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,590	1,280	1,310	0	0	0
Ethiopian	45	10	35	0	0	0	13,505	6,620	6,875	80	45	40
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,735	2,690	3,045	25	10	10
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,270	1,395	25	10	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,895	4,535	4,360	45	20	30
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,535	2,235	2,295	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	550	450	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,240	1,810	1,430	20	15	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,535	800	730	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	440	485	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,935	1,925	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,220	2,505	2,715	35	15	25
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	790	760	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,210	2,140	2,070	50	20	20
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,010	5,580	5,430	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,305	1,305	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	995	925	25	15	15
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	1,020	950	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,235	3,925	4,310	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,490	1,205	1,290	15	15	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,600	13,605	12,990	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,015	2,025	1,995	20	0	15
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,725	835	895	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,665	1,585	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	1,990	2,095	10	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	440	415	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,640	1,890	1,745	10	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	985	1,140	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,170	2,065	2,100	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	2,015	2,220	25	15	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	140	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,920	1,450	1,470	25	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,190	1,090	1,095	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	1,060	1,140	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,185	1,210	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,640	1,660	1,985	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,460	1,225	1,235	30	15	15
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,045	2,785	3,255	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,525	1,205	1,320	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,405	1,230	1,175	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	965	980	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	465	515	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	190	130	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	1,030	1,000	20	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,280	1,365	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	10	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,155	2,040	2,115	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,875	1,445	1,430	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,125	1,070	15	10	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	650	635	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,535	1,240	2,295	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	525	480	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,140	2,655	2,485	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	95	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	345	350	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,245	2,750	2,495	65	30	35
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,310	1,120	1,190	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,220	2,020	2,200	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	5,290	5,830	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,065	1,005	45	30	15
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	645	710	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,175	1,630	1,545	10	10	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,225	2,690	2,530	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	155	165	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,180	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,205	1,435	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,360	2,660	2,705	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	470	490	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	140	105	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,150	1,935	2,210	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,200	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	55	25	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	330	165	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,715	1,400	1,315	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	330	360	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	910	1,075	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	240	315	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	575	580	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,075	2,745	2,325	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,780	895	880	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	450	540	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,315	1,395	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	200	250	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	575	600	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	845	750	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	305	355	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	860	745	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	245	355	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	900	800	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	140	115	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	590	630	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	710	695	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	395	515	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,075	1,030	1,040	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	150	155	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	740	785	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	250	265	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	215	155	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	500	475	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	715	650	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,785	855	925	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	295	270	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	440	435	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	455	395	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,300	1,530	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	535	580	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	805	885	65	35	35
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	185	160	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	110	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,745	2,025	1,715	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	775	725	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	565	595	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	620	395	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	235	240	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	400	445	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	410	330	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,535	1,145	1,395	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,120	1,180	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	185	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	235	300	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	280	310	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	160	165	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	310	270	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	305	350	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	290	305	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	105	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,195	575	620	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	340	440	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	560	560	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	625	525	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	185	190	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	925	825	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	125	185	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	485	225	260	720	340	380	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	6,935	3,460	3,480
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,830	19,140	23,690	85	30	55
Christian	200	75	130	300	130	170	2,009,820	952,440	1,057,385	3,475	1,675	1,800
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	70	20	50	15	10	10	429,375	207,320	222,055	680	320	360
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,035	10,075	9,960	0	0	0
Anglican	10	0	0	10	10	0	95,560	43,925	51,635	65	30	35
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,605	20,650	23,955	40	25	15
Catholic	55	30	30	190	80	110	833,025	399,750	433,275	1,865	905	955
Christian Orthodox	35	15	25	0	0	0	63,775	30,995	32,775	220	125	90
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,185	7,955	10,235	15	0	15
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,125	22,540	24,580	150	60	95
Lutheran	0	0	0	15	0	15	78,925	36,470	42,455	40	0	30
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,640	4,400	5,240	30	20	10
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	25	15	10	53,900	25,250	28,655	90	45	45
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,850	10,360	12,495	25	15	10
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,735	7,310	7,430	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	15	10	10	153,820	67,205	86,615	75	25	45
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	25	10	15	0	0	0	124,265	58,235	66,030	175	85	85
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,520	40,435	38,085	420	220	200
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,390	5,475	5,915	35	20	15
Muslim	75	30	40	0	0	0	202,535	103,635	98,900	355	175	180
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	103,600	52,505	51,100	65	40	25
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,755	9,640	10,120	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,220	14,325	18,905	65	30	35
No religion and secular perspectives	195	115	85	415	205	210	1,676,045	890,645	785,400	2,425	1,265	1,165
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	485	220	260	725	340	385	4,131,540	2,064,715	2,066,825	6,840	3,395	3,440
Non-movers	420	190	225	630	295	335	3,583,005	1,793,310	1,789,695	5,780	2,845	2,935
Movers	65	35	35	95	45	50	548,535	271,400	277,130	1,055	550	510
Non-migrants	50	35	20	90	45	45	367,325	182,230	185,100	885	460	425
Migrants	15	0	15	0	0	0	181,205	89,170	92,035	170	90	80
Internal migrants	15	0	15	0	0	0	152,655	75,275	77,380	130	65	70
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	107,180	52,880	54,295	95	50	45
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,475	22,390	23,090	35	10	25
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,555	13,900	14,650	35	25	15
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	445	200	245	705	340	365	3,930,000	1,961,005	1,969,000	6,395	3,180	3,210
Non-movers	210	100	110	430	200	225	2,314,250	1,158,665	1,155,590	2,975	1,470	1,510
Movers	235	100	135	275	135	140	1,615,755	802,340	813,415	3,415	1,710	1,700
Non-migrants	140	65	75	205	110	90	854,765	427,660	427,105	2,370	1,220	1,145
Migrants	90	35	55	80	25	50	760,990	374,680	386,305	1,045	485	560
Internal migrants	60	30	35	40	10	30	596,980	295,120	301,860	700	345	360
Intraprovincial migrants	40	15	25	35	0	30	431,785	213,950	217,830	365	170	190
Interprovincial migrants	20	15	0	0	0	0	165,195	81,160	84,035	340	175	165
External migrants	30	0	25	35	15	20	164,015	79,565	84,445	345	145	200
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	375	160	210	605	295	305	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	5,335	2,645	2,685
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	90	30	60	30	15	15	595,665	322,765	272,900	520	250	270
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	285	135	150	575	280	295	2,779,465	1,353,090	1,426,375	4,815	2,400	2,420
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	300	150	150	435	205	225	2,298,165	1,141,780	1,156,380	4,140	2,050	2,090
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65	30	35	0	0	0	274,480	156,485	117,990	230	110	120
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	235	120	115	435	205	225	2,023,680	985,290	1,038,390	3,915	1,945	1,970
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	375	165	210	605	300	310	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,275	5,335	2,645	2,690
No certificate, diploma or degree	65	20	45	30	20	10	522,835	275,555	247,275	485	225	265
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	90	35	50	90	45	45	972,110	482,900	489,215	1,190	600	585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	220	105	115	485	235	250	1,880,185	917,400	962,790	3,655	1,820	1,835
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	105	45	65	70	35	35	1,014,810	524,770	490,045	1,485	775	705
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	10	25	0	0	0	295,285	232,120	63,165	320	250	70
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	10	25	0	0	0	87,195	51,295	35,900	150	100	50
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	208,090	180,830	27,260	165	155	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	65	35	35	45	15	25	612,690	250,540	362,145	910	405	510
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	20	10	10	106,840	42,105	64,735	255	125	130
Bachelor's degree or higher	110	60	50	410	200	215	865,370	392,625	472,745	2,170	1,040	1,130
Bachelor's degree	80	40	40	230	125	105	605,025	265,105	339,925	1,515	735	785
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	20	0	20	44,915	19,815	25,100	175	85	95
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	30	10	15	23,880	12,100	11,775	35	0	30
Master's degree	25	15	10	120	55	65	164,245	79,220	85,025	405	195	210
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	15	0	10	27,315	16,385	10,920	40	30	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	295	145	155	430	205	225	2,298,160	1,141,780	1,156,385	4,140	2,050	2,090
No certificate, diploma or degree	40	20	20	0	0	0	227,880	126,960	100,920	200	85	110
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65	35	35	30	20	10	581,820	298,415	283,405	710	385	330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	190	95	100	400	185	220	1,488,465	716,410	772,060	3,230	1,585	1,645
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	85	40	50	65	30	35	774,420	401,065	373,355	1,270	670	605
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	0	15	0	0	0	220,930	175,185	45,745	280	220	65
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	0	15	0	0	0	61,815	37,400	24,415	120	75	45
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	159,110	137,785	21,330	160	140	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	60	30	30	40	20	25	472,155	193,510	278,645	775	345	425
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	20	10	0	81,335	32,370	48,965	215	100	115
Bachelor's degree or higher	105	60	50	335	155	185	714,040	315,340	398,700	1,960	915	1,040
Bachelor's degree	75	35	45	190	100	90	497,885	213,625	284,260	1,340	635	705
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	15	0	15	35,125	15,110	20,020	160	70	90
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	20	15	10	20,045	9,435	10,615	30	0	30
Master's degree	25	20	10	105	45	60	139,935	65,290	74,645	395	185	210
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,050	11,880	9,165	35	25	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	375	165	215	600	300	310	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	5,335	2,650	2,690
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	160	60	100	120	65	60	1,494,945	758,460	736,490	1,680	825	855
Education	10	0	10	45	15	35	129,710	30,305	99,400	175	45	130
13. Education	10	0	10	45	15	35	129,710	30,305	99,400	175	45	130
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	20	0	15	49,820	20,045	29,775	90	40	60
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,805	4,125	1,675	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	20	0	15	44,015	15,915	28,100	85	35	55
Humanities	10	0	0	30	30	0	75,030	29,415	45,615	135	35	105
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,385	1,545	5,845	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,425	4,255	11,170	40	10	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	10	10	0	24,015	8,710	15,315	40	0	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	400	760	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	10	10	0	5,555	3,090	2,465	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,680	6,855	4,830	20	10	10
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,065	4,165	3,895	15	10	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,735	400	1,335	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	15	15	110	30	80	177,435	57,365	120,070	365	140	220
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,750	620	2,130	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10	0	0	21,730	8,340	13,395	60	20	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	29,220	2,090	27,125	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	30	0	20	31,215	10,250	20,965	80	20	55
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	10	0	10	3,045	1,025	2,015	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	25	0	10	31,925	7,565	24,355	40	10	35
45. Social sciences	20	10	15	35	10	25	57,565	27,475	30,085	165	90	75
Business, management and public administration	35	0	30	125	65	55	390,110	151,140	238,975	895	405	490
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	160	455	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,375	4,465	18,910	35	10	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	0	25	120	65	50	366,120	146,520	219,605	865	395	465
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	0	0	0	80,425	40,180	40,245	135	75	70
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,505	11,950	17,555	40	20	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,630	8,340	10,295	35	20	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	400	715	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,315	17,555	8,760	65	30	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,860	1,930	2,930	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	10	0	10	71,380	45,230	26,150	275	175	100
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	0	0	0	58,030	39,530	18,500	235	155	75
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,400	600	3,800	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,770	4,330	3,435	30	10	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	765	420	15	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50	40	10	90	65	25	461,075	411,075	49,995	945	765	180
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10	0	0	12,095	7,465	4,625	20	10	10
14. Engineering	30	20	10	70	55	15	114,735	92,365	22,370	500	370	135
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	0	10	106,575	91,350	15,225	190	155	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	95,890	92,650	3,240	110	110	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	82,805	80,150	2,655	100	100	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,925	47,075	1,850	25	20	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	10	0	0	0	51,710	28,660	23,055	55	20	35
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,010	19,075	15,935	40	10	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,700	9,575	7,120	15	10	10
Health and related fields	40	20	20	55	20	35	295,415	56,225	239,190	440	60	380
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	10	0	10	0	0	20,505	9,625	10,885	35	10	30
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	10	20	25	0	20	267,750	42,785	224,965	395	45	345
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	180	295	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	25	10	15	6,680	3,635	3,050	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	0	10	0	0	0	97,660	47,575	50,075	140	70	75
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	0	0	0	57,430	15,580	41,845	75	25	50
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	335	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	605	100	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,025	12,445	6,580	35	20	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,125	18,615	1,520	30	20	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	190	235	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	300	145	150	430	205	225	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	4,140	2,050	2,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	105	50	55	30	20	10	809,700	425,375	384,325	910	465	445
Education	10	0	10	30	0	25	92,240	19,980	72,255	165	45	120
13. Education	10	0	10	30	0	25	92,240	19,980	72,255	165	45	120
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	20	0	10	39,730	15,620	24,110	90	40	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,065	2,750	1,315	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	20	0	10	35,665	12,875	22,790	80	35	45
Humanities	0	0	0	20	20	0	58,200	22,205	35,990	120	30	85
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	1,210	4,740	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,145	3,310	8,825	40	0	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	10	10	0	19,305	6,800	12,500	35	0	35
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	295	590	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,385	2,430	1,950	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,135	4,740	3,395	20	10	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,205	3,160	3,040	15	10	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	250	940	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	15	10	95	15	75	146,530	45,555	100,975	320	110	215
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,315	515	1,800	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,890	6,940	11,950	55	15	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	23,325	1,630	21,690	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	25	0	20	25,940	7,730	18,210	65	20	50
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	825	1,715	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15	0	10	25,775	5,750	20,025	45	10	35
45. Social sciences	20	10	10	25	10	20	47,735	22,165	25,570	145	70	75
Business, management and public administration	30	0	30	95	45	40	317,125	121,510	195,615	795	345	445
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	135	315	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,680	3,200	15,480	30	10	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	0	25	85	45	35	297,995	118,175	179,820	765	335	425
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	0	0	0	61,555	29,465	32,090	125	65	60
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,290	9,185	14,105	40	15	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,260	6,255	8,010	30	20	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	315	580	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,655	12,320	7,335	55	25	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,445	1,385	2,055	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0	61,125	39,035	22,085	250	165	85
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	0	0	0	51,435	34,910	16,530	210	145	65
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,945	460	2,490	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,775	3,080	2,700	25	0	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	590	370	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	30	10	90	65	25	362,315	318,170	44,135	805	650	155
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10	0	0	9,600	5,585	4,020	15	10	10
14. Engineering	25	15	10	70	55	15	95,200	75,075	20,125	430	310	120
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	84,485	71,240	13,245	170	140	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,955	71,080	2,875	95	95	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,780	59,485	2,290	80	80	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,260	35,705	1,555	20	20	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,085	20,610	19,475	40	20	25
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	12,965	13,205	30	10	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,925	7,650	6,275	10	10	0
Health and related fields	30	10	20	50	20	30	232,820	45,895	186,920	385	55	330
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,345	7,640	8,705	30	0	25
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	20	20	0	15	210,650	35,325	175,320	345	45	295
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	145	255	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	25	10	15	5,430	2,785	2,645	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	0	0	0	0	76,410	38,205	38,205	120	60	65
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,535	12,080	31,455	60	15	40
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	275	25	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	390	55	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,885	10,385	5,505	30	20	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,245	15,080	1,165	30	20	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	300	145	150	430	205	225	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	4,140	2,050	2,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	105	50	55	30	20	10	809,700	425,375	384,325	910	465	445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	190	95	95	400	185	215	1,488,465	716,405	772,060	3,230	1,585	1,645
Location of study inside Canada	165	85	80	350	160	190	1,157,790	563,035	594,750	1,795	915	880
Same as province or territory of residence	130	65	65	175	65	110	886,080	429,870	456,210	1,315	660	655
Different than province or territory of residence	35	20	15	170	90	80	271,710	133,165	138,545	480	255	230
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	25	10	20	55	30	30	330,675	153,370	177,305	1,435	670	765
Americas	10	0	10	20	20	0	54,515	26,775	27,740	200	95	105
United States of America	10	0	10	20	20	0	34,460	17,900	16,555	50	20	25
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,255	2,565	25	10	10
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	300	320	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	125	65	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	665	805	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,480	1,000	1,475	35	10	20
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,335	1,865	50	25	20
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	220	420	10	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	995	1,400	20	10	15
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,975	2,265	15	15	10
Europe	10	10	0	20	0	20	54,920	28,570	26,350	250	130	120
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	320	190	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,005	1,045	960	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,670	1,520	15	15	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,215	890	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	515	435	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	310	335	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	445	540	15	10	10
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,150	1,350	1,805	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,790	1,455	1,335	25	0	15
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,450	1,515	1,935	30	10	20
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,305	1,940	2,365	20	10	15
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	1,115	750	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	10	0	10	20,280	11,190	9,090	65	30	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	375	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	360	300	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	365	390	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,550	3,385	3,165	45	30	20
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,775	13,770	13,005	95	30	60
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,795	3,825	3,970	60	25	35
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	345	325	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	615	475	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	305	200	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,665	1,565	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,660	1,885	1,770	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,830	5,130	4,700	20	10	10
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	188,060	80,750	107,315	895	415	480
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,440	1,605	1,835	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	730	705	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	350	305	10	0	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	695	805	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	700	660	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	540	360	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,320	7,525	9,795	165	85	80
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	245	715	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	425	820	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	530	1,405	15	0	15
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,990	2,990	4,000	10	10	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	74,205	29,080	45,130	335	165	170
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	545	955	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	990	1,490	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	685	595	15	10	10
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,120	24,905	27,215	235	95	135
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,355	4,710	5,645	40	25	15
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,390	3,510	4,885	55	20	35
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,410	3,505	2,905	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,880	2,560	2,320	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	680	425	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	265	160	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	375	165	210	605	300	310	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,280	5,335	2,645	2,690
In the labour force	205	90	120	435	215	220	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,425	4,095	2,120	1,975
Employed	190	85	110	395	190	210	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,135	3,620	1,915	1,700
Unemployed	15	10	0	45	30	15	264,650	138,365	126,290	475	205	275
Not in the labour force	170	70	90	165	80	85	1,079,750	459,900	619,845	1,235	525	715
Participation rate	54.7	54.5	57.1	71.9	71.7	71.0	68.0	72.6	63.5	76.8	80.2	73.4
Employment rate	50.7	51.5	52.4	65.3	63.3	67.7	60.2	64.3	56.1	67.9	72.4	63.2
Unemployment rate	7.3	11.1	0.0	10.3	14.0	6.8	11.5	11.4	11.7	11.6	9.7	13.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	375	165	215	600	300	310	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	5,335	2,650	2,690
Did not work¹⁸⁶	150	65	85	170	90	80	1,140,745	497,150	643,595	1,330	585	740
Worked	225	100	125	435	205	230	2,234,385	1,178,705	1,055,680	4,005	2,055	1,950
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	105	55	50	270	140	130	1,164,455	670,620	493,835	2,325	1,295	1,030
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	120	45	70	160	70	100	1,069,930	508,085	561,840	1,675	755	920
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	40.0	40.0	42.9	42.8	43.0	40.8	41.5	39.9	41.8	42.8	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	210	90	115	435	215	215	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	4,100	2,125	1,975
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	20	15	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	105	40	65
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	210	90	115	410	195	215	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	3,995	2,080	1,910
Employee	190	90	105	290	125	160	1,876,950	967,450	909,500	3,555	1,810	1,740
Permanent position	140	65	80	235	100	135	1,560,435	814,805	745,625	2,980	1,570	1,410
Temporary position	50	25	20	50	25	25	316,520	152,640	163,880	570	235	335
Fixed term (1 year or more)	20	15	10	20	10	15	97,610	44,060	53,555	225	90	135
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	25	10	15	25	15	15	218,905	108,585	110,320	345	145	205
Self-employed¹⁹²	15	0	15	130	70	55	347,975	213,655	134,320	445	275	170
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	210	90	115	435	215	215	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	4,100	2,125	1,975
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	20	15	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	105	40	65
All occupations¹⁹¹	210	90	115	410	195	215	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	3,995	2,080	1,910
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	20	20	0	23,120	16,455	6,665	30	15	15
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	25	10	10	115	40	75	373,795	110,275	263,520	830	270	560
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	40	25	15	45	40	10	182,880	140,540	42,340	625	475	155
3 Health occupations	20	0	20	50	15	35	182,480	34,585	147,895	365	70	295
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	20	0	15	70	20	45	246,625	82,115	164,510	390	135	255
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	0	10	15	10	10	51,815	21,140	30,675	90	40	45
6 Sales and service occupations	65	30	40	75	35	40	538,930	232,640	306,285	900	415	485
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15	10	10	10	10	0	441,955	399,605	42,345	635	575	65
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	10	0	0	99,430	77,250	22,180	35	15	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	10	10	0	83,895	66,480	17,415	110	85	30
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	210	90	115	435	215	215	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	4,100	2,125	1,975
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	20	15	0	70,455	34,850	35,605	105	40	65
All industries¹⁹¹	210	90	115	410	195	215	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	3,995	2,080	1,910
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,965	42,305	21,665	10	0	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	0	15	30	15	15	112,890	88,690	24,200	195	145	45
22 Utilities	0	0	0	10	0	10	22,630	15,900	6,735	70	50	15
23 Construction	10	10	0	0	0	0	210,350	177,845	32,505	375	280	95
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,890	88,735	30,155	235	180	50
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	20	15	0	71,580	50,655	20,930	135	100	40
44-45 Retail trade	35	20	15	25	0	25	253,030	117,605	135,425	450	205	245
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10	0	10	15	10	10	128,410	96,000	32,410	215	140	75
51 Information and cultural industries	10	0	0	0	0	0	28,680	16,625	12,055	95	50	40
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	35	25	10	68,355	27,225	41,135	160	55	105
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	20	10	10	39,400	21,625	17,775	60	25	35
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25	10	10	95	55	40	177,895	99,055	78,840	545	315	230
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,420	2,075	2,345	10	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,750	51,325	40,430	145	90	55
61 Educational services	0	0	0	45	10	30	149,170	43,775	105,400	240	85	155
62 Health care and social assistance	40	10	30	45	15	30	285,090	51,930	233,155	535	90	440
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	0	10	15	0	10	42,685	20,880	21,805	40	20	20
72 Accommodation and food services	10	0	10	20	0	15	132,930	57,280	75,650	220	115	105
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	10	0	0	0	0	104,530	50,355	54,175	105	65	45
91 Public administration	15	0	0	10	0	0	118,270	61,230	57,040	170	70	105
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	225	100	130	450	220	230	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	4,225	2,180	2,050
English	205	90	115	425	210	215	2,319,940	1,223,960	1,095,975	3,980	2,030	1,945
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	1,145	2,695	0	0	0
Non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0	14,015	7,470	6,545	25	10	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	140	105	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,770	7,330	6,440	25	10	20
English and French	0	0	0	20	10	15	20,015	8,200	11,815	30	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0	0	0	61,830	31,865	29,965	195	120	75
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	765	785	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	475	410	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	225	100	130	450	220	230	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	4,225	2,180	2,050
Single responses	225	95	130	445	215	230	2,407,485	1,266,360	1,141,120	4,205	2,165	2,045
Official languages	210	90	120	445	215	230	2,381,515	1,252,385	1,129,135	4,160	2,130	2,025
English	210	90	120	445	215	225	2,374,615	1,250,455	1,124,165	4,155	2,130	2,020
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,900	1,930	4,970	0	0	0
Non-official languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	25,965	13,980	11,990	50	25	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	425	340	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	400	300	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	355	280	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	355	280	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	295	220	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,200	13,555	11,650	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	535	495	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	80	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	450	400	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	60	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	315	280	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	500	805	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	480	795	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	540	620	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	490	570	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,180	7,175	5,010	20	15	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	300	480	10	10	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	300	480	10	10	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	100	200	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,025	1,985	1,045	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	970	580	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,540	965	575	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	995	455	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	30	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	245	80	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	695	330	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,660	3,440	2,220	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	3,340	2,100	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	135	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	20	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,630	2,975	1,655	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	125	160	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	95	110	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,660	1,415	1,245	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	50	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	45	35	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,420	1,275	1,145	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	70	135	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	620	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	85	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,340	3,725	3,615	30	10	20
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,605	30	10	20
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,105	1,570	1,535	30	10	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,095	2,050	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	30	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	65	100	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	55	90	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	115	30	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	115	30	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	15	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,630	7,530	7,100	20	20	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,105	1,455	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,695	6,245	5,440	20	20	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	75	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	105	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	225	100	130	450	220	230	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	4,225	2,180	2,050
None	215	90	130	435	215	215	2,350,940	1,239,355	1,111,590	4,030	2,060	1,965
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,355	6,840	20	15	10
French	0	0	0	20	0	15	14,630	6,410	8,215	25	15	10
Non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0	36,335	18,310	18,025	110	60	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	865	1,255	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	0	0	0	34,210	17,445	16,765	110	60	50
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	540	540	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,125	565	560	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,335	2,420	35	20	15
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	190	85	110	395	190	205	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,140	3,620	1,915	1,700
Worked at home	90	35	50	210	105	105	446,315	211,420	234,900	1,030	485	545
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,430	4,105	1,330	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	20	10	10	0	0	0	319,675	242,835	76,845	430	315	115
Usual place of work	85	35	50	180	80	100	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	2,155	1,110	1,045
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	90	40	50	180	80	100	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	2,155	1,110	1,045
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	75	30	45	165	65	100	902,040	419,240	482,800	1,925	965	965
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	0	0	0	0	0	292,360	157,820	134,535	170	100	75
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,590	34,120	18,470	35	25	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,315	8,060	4,260	25	25	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	105	45	55	185	80	105	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	2,590	1,430	1,165
Car, truck or van	70	30	40	165	75	95	1,378,685	765,905	612,775	2,245	1,275	970
Car, truck or van - as a driver	70	30	40	160	75	85	1,287,940	730,925	557,015	2,070	1,235	825
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,740	34,980	55,760	180	40	145
Public transit	20	0	10	0	0	0	88,255	39,915	48,345	240	95	145
Walked	15	10	0	0	0	0	62,810	27,445	35,360	20	15	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,370	7,975	3,395	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	10	0	0	37,865	20,820	17,040	80	40	35
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	105	45	55	185	80	105	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	2,590	1,430	1,165
Less than 15 minutes	20	10	0	60	25	30	487,710	225,360	262,355	380	140	240
15 to 29 minutes	45	15	35	100	40	60	610,485	333,105	277,385	1,030	590	445
30 to 44 minutes	30	20	10	15	15	0	302,735	184,370	118,365	740	470	265
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	10	0	0	0	87,230	55,475	31,755	260	145	110
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,815	63,765	27,050	185	85	100
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	105	45	55	185	80	105	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	2,590	1,430	1,165
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,400	88,060	28,340	195	115	75
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10	0	0	20	0	15	296,930	194,765	102,165	505	330	175
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	30	15	15	65	35	30	424,170	228,535	195,630	655	375	285
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	20	10	10	40	15	25	299,145	134,910	164,240	465	235	235
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25	15	15	35	20	15	195,835	83,185	112,655	280	125	155
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20	0	15	20	10	10	246,495	132,620	113,880	495	260	235
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	130	85	50	165	70	90	971,390	499,245	472,145	1,885	960	925
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	45	15	30	67,140	34,000	33,140	115	70	45
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	120	80	45	120	60	60	904,245	465,240	439,005	1,770	890	880
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	70	40	30	130	60	70	704,490	362,400	342,090	1,295	645	645
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	40	15	25	49,735	25,180	24,555	85	50	30
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	30	10	25	24,675	12,010	12,665	40	20	20
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	5	0	5	25,055	13,170	11,890	45	30	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	65	35	25	95	50	45	654,755	337,220	317,530	1,210	595	615

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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