Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48060878More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove			48061036More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	624	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	606	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	5.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	267	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	244	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	253	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	241	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,002.6	...	...	4.2	...	...	1,859.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.16	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	0.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	620	320	300	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	605	315	295
0 to 14 years	105	60	45	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	95	50	45
0 to 4 years	35	15	20	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	35	15	20
5 to 9 years	35	25	15	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	30	20	10
10 to 14 years	30	25	10	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	30	10	15
15 to 64 years	455	235	225	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	390	200	195
15 to 19 years	25	10	15	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	25	15	15
20 to 24 years	30	20	10	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	30	20	15
25 to 29 years	55	25	30	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	30	15	10
30 to 34 years	55	30	25	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	50	30	20
35 to 39 years	60	25	35	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	40	20	25
40 to 44 years	40	25	25	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	45	30	20
45 to 49 years	50	25	20	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	35	15	15
50 to 54 years	45	20	25	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	45	15	25
55 to 59 years	45	20	20	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	40	20	20
60 to 64 years	45	20	25	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	50	30	25
65 years and over	65	30	30	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	115	65	50
65 to 69 years	30	10	15	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	40	25	15
70 to 74 years	15	5	5	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	30	15	15
75 to 79 years	10	5	5	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	30	15	15
80 to 84 years	10	5	5	840,545	370,905	469,645	5	5	5
85 years and over	5	0	5	861,395	319,540	541,860	5	5	0
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	525,445	212,735	312,705	0	5	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	258,035	87,300	170,735	5	5	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	68,380	17,670	50,715	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	9,535	1,830	7,710	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.9	18.8	15.0	16.3	16.9	15.6	15.7	15.9	15.3
15 to 64 years	73.4	73.4	75.0	64.8	65.4	64.2	64.5	63.5	66.1
65 years and over	10.5	9.4	10.0	19.0	17.7	20.2	19.0	20.6	16.9
85 years and over	0.8	0.0	1.7	2.3	1.8	2.9	0.8	1.6	0.0
Average age of the population	38.8	37.7	40.0	41.9	41.0	42.8	42.4	42.6	42.4
Median age of the population	38.4	37.2	39.6	41.6	40.4	42.8	42.8	42.8	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
Single-detached house	115	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	140	...	...
Semi-detached house	80	...	...	746,560	...	...	80	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	980,110	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	45	...	...	821,490	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	34,880	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	189,420	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	245	...	...
1 person	65	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	60	...	...
2 persons	90	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	95	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	40	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	25	...	...
Number of persons in private households	620	315	300	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	605	315	295
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	520	260	260	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	515	270	240
Married or living common-law	310	155	150	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	295	150	150
Married	225	115	110	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	240	120	120
Living common-law	85	45	40	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	60	30	30
Living common law - Never married	70	35	35	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	35	15	15
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	123,830	65,045	58,785	10	5	5
Living common law - Divorced	15	5	10	721,715	365,760	355,950	15	5	10
Living common law - Widowed	5	0	0	87,165	36,860	50,300	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	205	105	105	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	215	120	95
Not married and not living common law - Never married	160	90	65	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	145	90	60
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	0	5	741,135	319,045	422,090	20	10	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	25	10	15	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	30	10	15
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	20	0	15	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	25	5	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	170	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	170	...	...
2 persons	85	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	95	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	855,960	...	...	20	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	170	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	175	...	...
Total couple families	150	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	145	...	...
Married couples	110	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	115	...	...
With children⁶	65	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	55	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	55	...	...
Common-law couples	45	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	30	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	808,645	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	20	...	...
Total one-parent families	20	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	10	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	383,670	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	620	315	300	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	605	315	290
Total - Persons in census families	490	260	235	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	490	250	240
Married spouses or common-law partners	300	155	150	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	285	145	145
Parents in one-parent families	20	5	15	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	25	5	20
Children⁶	165	100	65	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	170	105	70
In a two-parent family	135	85	55	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	135	75	60
In a one-parent family	30	15	10	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	45	30	15
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	130	60	70	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	115	65	50
Living alone	65	30	35	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	60	35	25
Living with other relatives⁷	15	0	15	927,345	393,085	534,260	25	10	15
Living with non-relatives only	45	25	20	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	40	25	15
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	250	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	240	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	150	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	140	...	...
Couple-family households	130	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	120	...	...
With children⁶	70	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	55	...	...
Without children	65	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	65	...	...
One-parent-family households	15	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	20	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	441,745	...	...	10	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5	...	...	94,235	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	450,415	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	663,835	...	...	20	...	...
One-person households	65	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	55	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	510	260	260	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	510	265	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	500	250	250	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	480	250	230
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	58,800	40,000	41,200	46,400	36,800	40,000	45,600	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	500	250	250	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	480	250	230
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,800	37,600	36,800	40,800	33,600	36,800	42,400	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	480	235	245	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	410	220	190
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	55,200	31,600	35,200	42,400	29,200	35,200	39,200	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	385	200	185	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	340	185	155
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,800	60,400	42,800	37,200	43,200	32,000	36,400	41,600	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	425	210	215	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	440	235	205
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,300	4,840	8,500	9,800	8,500	11,000	12,200	11,400	13,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60	30	30	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	70	35	35
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,960	5,280	5,720	5,760	5,720	6,240	5,840	6,240
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	165	80	80	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	175	85	85
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,500	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	10,000	10,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	545	270	275	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	525	270	255
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	525	250	275	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	490	260	235
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	84,400	100,000	70,500	54,450	62,650	46,560	44,600	52,800	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	525	250	275	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	490	260	235
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,600	76,500	55,600	44,920	50,320	39,680	39,200	45,600	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	495	240	255	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	405	215	180
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,600	93,000	67,000	50,240	59,500	41,000	40,000	47,600	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	420	205	210	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	330	175	155
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	81,200	92,000	70,000	50,280	58,050	42,000	39,200	48,000	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	445	200	240	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	465	245	220
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	10,300	10,100	11,170	10,180	12,060	12,950	13,100	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80	45	30	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	75	45	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,300	6,200	4,000	7,050	6,710	7,370	7,000	6,800	7,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	205	100	110	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	170	70	100
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	8,200	10,200	8,920	8,740	9,100	10,600	12,800	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	545	270	275	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	525	270	255
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	220	130	85	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	155	95	65
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	86,000	86,000	94,000	63,600	69,000	58,000	54,800	55,600	49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	124,000	120,000	130,000	77,200	85,400	67,000	57,000	65,000	46,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	165	60	105	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	120	50	65
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	17,400	23,200	18,400	21,000	16,600	23,600	26,400	23,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200	44,000	30,000	29,160	33,960	24,860	25,200	27,000	24,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	90.0	92.0	88.0	82.2	86.4	76.8	72.5	77.0	66.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	76.5	77.0	76.0	66.8	70.6	61.7	58.4	61.0	54.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	10.3	8.4	12.6	17.8	13.7	23.1	27.4	23.6	33.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	1.2	0.7	1.4	1.2	1.7	2.4	2.2	2.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.5	6.2	5.4	4.5	6.6	9.3	7.6	12.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.3	5.6	4.7	4.0	5.5	8.4	6.8	10.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	515	255	255	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	515	270	240
Without total income	15	10	5	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	35	15	15
With total income	495	250	250	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	480	250	225
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	10	15	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	30	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	45	15	30	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	45	20	30
$20,000 to $29,999	70	35	35	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	90	35	60
$30,000 to $39,999	65	20	50	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	75	35	35
$40,000 to $49,999	40	25	20	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	65	35	30
$50,000 to $59,999	40	25	20	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	50	30	20
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	40	25	15
$70,000 to $79,999	35	20	15	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	35	20	15
$80,000 to $89,999	30	10	15	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	10	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	25	15	5	965,950	553,435	412,510	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	100	65	35	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	30	20	5
$100,000 to $149,999	50	25	20	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	20	15	10
$150,000 and over	50	35	15	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	10	5	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	515	255	255	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	515	270	240
Without after-tax income	15	10	5	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	35	15	15
With after-tax income	495	250	250	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	480	250	225
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	10	20	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	25	15	10
$10,000 to $19,999	50	15	30	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	50	20	30
$20,000 to $29,999	80	40	40	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	105	40	65
$30,000 to $39,999	75	25	50	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	80	40	45
$40,000 to $49,999	65	35	25	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	75	50	30
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	15	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	60	35	25
$60,000 to $69,999	45	20	20	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	30	20	10
$70,000 to $79,999	35	20	15	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	15	10	5
$80,000 to $89,999	25	15	15	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	10	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	5	643,700	402,325	241,380	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	65	50	20	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	10	10	5
$100,000 to $124,999	25	15	10	792,455	530,970	261,490	5	5	0
$125,000 and over	45	30	15	804,335	578,645	225,695	10	5	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	515	255	255	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	515	270	240
Without employment income	130	60	70	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	175	85	85
With employment income	385	195	190	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	335	180	160
Under $5,000 (including loss)	45	20	25	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	45	25	20
$5,000 to $9,999	20	10	5	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	25	10	15
$10,000 to $19,999	35	10	25	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	45	20	20
$20,000 to $29,999	30	5	20	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	35	20	15
$30,000 to $39,999	25	10	10	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	40	20	15
$40,000 to $49,999	35	15	15	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	35	15	20
$50,000 to $59,999	35	15	15	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	40	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	20	5	10	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	25	15	5
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	15	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	25	20	10
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	5	929,490	539,395	390,095	10	10	0
$90,000 to $99,999	20	10	15	760,035	439,505	320,530	5	5	5
$100,000 and over	85	55	25	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	15	15	0
$100,000 to $124,999	25	15	15	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	10	10	0
$125,000 and over	60	45	15	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	10	10	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	510	260	260	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	510	265	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	490	240	245	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	475	250	225
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	56,400	39,600	39,200	45,200	34,000	37,200	44,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	490	240	245	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	475	250	225
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	48,000	36,000	35,200	40,000	31,200	33,600	40,400	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	475	235	240	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	415	225	190
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	55,200	35,200	36,800	44,000	30,800	35,200	40,000	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	390	200	190	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	345	190	155
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,200	58,800	40,400	38,000	44,400	32,800	38,800	42,800	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	400	190	205	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	435	230	205
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,010	900	1,070	4,240	1,960	6,450	4,240	1,940	6,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	40	15	20	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	40	20	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	x	10,300	5,720	5,560	5,960	7,350	7,650	5,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	545	270	275	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	525	270	255
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	510	240	275	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	490	255	235
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	80,000	97,000	65,500	52,350	61,250	43,800	43,400	53,600	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	510	240	275	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	490	255	235
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,800	74,000	50,800	42,920	49,000	37,160	37,600	45,200	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	495	235	260	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	425	230	195
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	78,800	95,000	64,000	51,040	60,800	41,320	41,000	50,400	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	425	205	225	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	335	175	160
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	79,600	95,000	66,000	50,560	58,800	41,800	42,400	52,400	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	425	200	225	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	460	235	220
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,180	5,080	5,280	7,950	6,990	8,800	8,800	9,500	8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40	0	20	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	50	25	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,000	...	8,500	7,560	6,880	8,210	9,600	14,000	6,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	545	270	275	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	525	270	255
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	215	125	85	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	145	90	65
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	86,000	90,000	83,000	60,000	66,000	53,600	54,400	57,600	38,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	121,000	118,000	126,000	73,200	81,900	62,250	57,000	67,000	42,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	170	60	105	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	120	55	70
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,200	44,800	28,000	24,200	28,000	21,800	31,400	36,800	29,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	42,800	58,000	33,500	35,200	41,280	29,720	33,500	40,000	28,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	95.0	96.0	94.0	87.6	91.2	83.0	81.0	84.0	77.0
Employment income (%)	83.0	84.0	84.0	71.8	75.0	67.2	66.0	68.0	62.0
Government transfers (%)	5.4	4.4	6.6	12.3	8.9	16.9	18.8	16.4	23.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	x	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.6	2.4	2.4	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	245	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	65	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	41,600	...	...	47,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	37,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	185	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	185	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	280	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	159,000	...	...	106,300	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	87,700	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	53,350	...	...	51,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	44,360	...	...	43,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	200	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	165	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	188,000	...	...	128,200	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	105,700	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	245	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	165,175	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	91,750	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	178,475	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	274,140	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	637,695	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	505,875	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	488,735	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	560,950	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	572,650	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	559,155	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	30	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	986,460	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	921,205	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	844,835	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	135	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	85	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	35	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	20	...	...
$200,000 and over	55	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	245	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	186,735	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	95,195	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	183,430	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	289,545	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	681,900	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	589,110	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	582,275	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	666,675	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	676,995	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	655,100	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	30	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	911,515	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	120	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	60	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	30	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	65	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	25	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	170	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	70	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	70	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	75	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	70	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	180,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	70,000	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	64,000	...	...	69,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	115	55	55	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	100	55	35
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	48,400	38,000	38,400	40,000	36,800	44,000	41,600	46,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	43,200	34,000	34,800	36,000	33,600	40,000	40,000	42,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	185	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	150	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	196,000	...	...	128,600	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	105,600	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	170,000	...	...	112,500	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	100	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	216,000	...	...	160,600	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	130,600	...	...	112,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	82,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	71,800	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	120	50	70	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	125	70	55
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,000	92,000	38,000	49,440	52,050	46,880	43,000	42,000	44,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000	68,000	32,000	41,560	43,080	40,120	37,500	36,000	39,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	615	320	300	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	605	315	290
0 to 17 years	125	75	55	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	115	60	55
0 to 5 years	40	20	25	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	40	20	25
18 to 64 years	430	220	215	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	375	190	185
65 years and over	65	30	30	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	115	65	50
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	45	25	30	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	70	35	30
0 to 17 years	15	5	5	854,565	439,490	415,075	20	10	10
0 to 5 years	5	0	0	282,315	144,250	138,065	5	5	5
18 to 64 years	35	15	15	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	35	25	20
65 years and over	0	0	0	985,745	391,695	594,050	10	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.6	6.8	8.5	11.1	10.5	11.6	11.6	12.0	12.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	x	16.0	11.9	11.9	11.9	20.0	18.0	24.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	12.7	12.7	12.7	16.0	x	16.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	7.0	8.0	9.7	9.4	9.9	10.0	11.0	10.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	15.0	12.7	16.9	6.0	8.0	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	620	315	300	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	605	315	290
0 to 17 years	125	70	50	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	115	55	60
0 to 5 years	40	20	20	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	45	20	25
18 to 64 years	430	215	210	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	375	190	180
65 years and over	65	30	35	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	120	65	50
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	20	10	15	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	35	20	20
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	319,545	164,490	155,060	10	0	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	99,435	50,875	48,560	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	15	10	5	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	20	10	5
65 years and over	0	0	0	199,155	83,010	116,145	5	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	3.6	3.6	5.2	5.4	5.0	5.6	6.0	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	x	x	4.5	4.6	4.5	8.0	x	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	5.0	3.0	6.0	6.4	5.7	5.6	7.0	4.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	3.1	2.7	3.3	4.0	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	615	320	300	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	605	315	295
In bottom half of the distribution	225	110	110	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	340	175	165
In bottom decile	35	20	20	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	75	40	35
In second decile	60	25	35	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	70	35	35
In third decile	35	15	20	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	55	20	35
In fourth decile	50	20	25	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	70	40	30
In fifth decile	40	25	15	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	70	35	35
In top half of the distribution	395	210	190	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	265	145	125
In sixth decile	40	25	20	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	80	35	40
In seventh decile	60	35	25	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	55	35	20
In eighth decile	60	30	30	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	55	30	25
In ninth decile	70	30	35	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	55	30	25
In top decile	165	85	75	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	25	15	15
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	620	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	605	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.394	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.284	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.470	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.426	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.338	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.255	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.2	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	620	315	300	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	610	315	290
English only	570	295	275	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	570	295	275
French only	0	0	0	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	0	0	0
English and French	45	20	25	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	30	15	15
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	689,725	284,170	405,555	10	0	10
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	620	315	300	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	610	315	290
English	605	310	290	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	580	300	275
French	5	5	0	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	10	5	5
English and French	5	0	0	476,175	237,635	238,535	5	0	0
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	673,100	275,685	397,420	10	0	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	620	315	300	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	610	315	290
Single responses	595	305	290	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	570	295	270
Official languages	500	255	250	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	390	210	175
English	495	250	240	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	380	205	175
French	10	0	0	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	10	5	5
Non-official languages	95	50	40	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	180	85	95
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	148,895	71,630	77,265	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	97,125	46,545	50,580	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	67,665	32,715	34,950	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	53,070	25,645	27,430	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	580	300	280	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	3,460	1,675	1,785	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	2,850	1,370	1,480	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	38,535	18,810	19,725	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	625	310	315	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	21,775	10,230	11,550	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	865	400	460	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	11,605	5,300	6,300	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	470	235	235	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	9,185	4,190	4,995	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	12,885	6,200	6,680	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	12,785	6,155	6,630	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	625	280	340	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	175	70	105	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	1,505	755	755	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	400	195	200	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	270	120	150	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	1,390	725	670	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	35	5	30	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	120	40	85	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	33,790	16,480	17,315	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	560	220	340	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	335	140	200	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	225	85	140	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	33,200	16,240	16,955	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	355	150	205	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	275	115	155	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	485	220	265	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	185	90	95	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	95	40	50	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	1,040	485	555	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	560	245	315	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	1,035	515	515	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	590	300	290	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	325	155	170	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	220	95	130	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	180	75	100	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	95	50	40	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	5	698,355	359,625	338,730	50	25	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	27,490	14,715	12,775	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	24,760	13,130	11,625	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,340	1,365	975	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	395	225	170	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,985	1,085	905	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	1,315	740	570	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	675	340	335	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	1,015	510	505	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	49,410	23,275	26,135	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	2,020	1,085	935	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	40,730	18,775	21,955	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	755	400	350	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	5	618,450	320,045	298,405	50	25	20
Amharic	0	0	0	25,685	12,090	13,600	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	5	508,410	265,350	243,060	45	25	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	27,690	13,465	14,220	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	17,220	8,320	8,900	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	8,860	4,335	4,525	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,600	805	795	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	1,220	550	675	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	19,495	10,505	8,995	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	4,425	2,080	2,340	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	31,075	15,775	15,300	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	235	220	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	192,985	87,230	105,750	20	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	19,525	8,820	10,705	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	173,000	78,180	94,820	20	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	460	230	225	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	5	5	565,375	238,875	326,500	40	15	25
Bikol	0	0	0	2,115	940	1,180	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,215	3,425	4,790	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	18,945	7,800	11,145	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	605	325	280	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	9,690	3,900	5,795	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	33,520	14,140	19,380	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	11,910	4,990	6,920	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	1,100	465	640	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	670	275	395	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	2,085	990	1,090	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	1,245	580	670	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	835	415	425	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	1,330	570	760	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5,615	2,635	2,980	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	2,050	900	1,150	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	5	461,150	194,805	266,345	35	10	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	1,625	690	935	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	4,740	2,035	2,705	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	78,235	35,650	42,580	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	52,435	23,355	29,085	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	600	315	290	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	795	365	435	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	6,125	3,015	3,110	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15,550	7,325	8,230	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,135	1,000	1,140	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	244,165	125,180	118,990	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	6,240	3,215	3,020	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	54,050	29,375	24,670	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	152,850	75,010	77,845	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	30,045	17,095	12,950	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	615	310	305	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	370	170	195	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	2,180	1,175	1,005	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	565	265	305	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	30	25	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	55	30	25
Albanian	0	0	0	29,265	14,690	14,580	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	33,720	16,335	17,385	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	10	648,810	297,100	351,710	5	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10,560	4,425	6,135	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	4,430	1,875	2,555	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	6,130	2,555	3,580	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	5	10	638,250	292,670	345,580	5	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	720	325	395	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	19,035	9,090	9,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	20,025	9,215	10,815	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	14,795	7,075	7,720	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	160,170	72,120	88,050	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	197,905	89,100	108,800	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	500	240	255	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	116,735	56,900	59,835	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	13,820	6,785	7,040	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	43,500	20,755	22,740	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	57,425	28,410	29,015	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,995	945	1,045	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	15,255	6,930	8,320	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	7,965	3,425	4,535	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	5	0	84,705	38,005	46,695	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	440	235	205	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	2,150	1,110	1,045	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	665	355	315	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	425	210	210	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	825	410	420	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	463,400	221,365	242,035	5	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0	1,570	800	775	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	5	301,570	142,580	158,990	5	5	0
German	5	5	5	272,865	128,250	144,615	5	5	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	7,575	3,740	3,835	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	12,060	6,060	6,005	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	138,655	67,815	70,840	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	12,270	6,175	6,095	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	80,315	39,000	41,310	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	1,270	650	625	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	33,200	16,410	16,785	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	2,935	1,325	1,605	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	20,275	9,500	10,775	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	9,945	4,750	5,195	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	905	430	480	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	3,535	1,675	1,860	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5,890	2,645	3,245	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,330	670	660	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	93,335	45,860	47,470	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	35	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	30	20	15
Assamese	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	87,580	45,160	42,425	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	138,985	73,335	65,655	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	152,825	79,585	73,240	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	6,930	3,100	3,830	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	745	395	350	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	3,425	1,675	1,745	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	14,145	7,330	6,810	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	23,425	11,920	11,510	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	1,775	940	835	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	1,125	615	510	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	645	325	320	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	666,585	341,515	325,065	20	10	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	3,985	2,070	1,915	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	18,000	8,895	9,110	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	235,290	118,540	116,755	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,865	2,085	1,780	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	300,555	150,160	150,390	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	16,485	8,770	7,715	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	555	310	240	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	19,520	10,170	9,355	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	262,625	130,180	132,440	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	57,220	28,070	29,155	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	179,425	89,070	90,360	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25,975	13,040	12,930	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	815	425	390	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	305	165	140	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	20	15	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	15	10	5
Catalan	0	0	0	905	470	440	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	5	319,505	154,295	165,205	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	240,680	115,235	125,450	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	93,160	44,185	48,975	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	5	538,870	259,500	279,375	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,165	610	550	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	385	195	185	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	43,850	14,205	29,650	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	170,400	77,075	93,325	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,850	800	1,050	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	108,295	52,850	55,440	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	13,120	6,400	6,720	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,855	1,000	860	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	1,685	745	940	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	1,955	1,030	920	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	3,520	1,825	1,695	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	815	400	415	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	1,890	885	1,010	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	760	320	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5,175	2,720	2,460	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	7,380	3,365	4,015	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	4,260	1,925	2,335	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	520	245	275	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	515	260	260	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	695	365	325	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	920	420	500	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	8,660	4,035	4,625	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	3,605	1,665	1,940	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	505	315	190	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	520	200	320	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	16,000	7,630	8,370	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,890	2,605	2,285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	15,015	7,605	7,410	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	13,000	6,405	6,590	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	6,920	3,565	3,355	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	1,865	1,000	865	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	1,090	515	570	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,395	1,745	1,645	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	575	305	270	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	6,955	3,710	3,250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	4,965	2,635	2,335	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	990	520	465	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,005	555	450	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	10	0	5
Chinese languages	15	10	10	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	10	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	9,765	4,420	5,345	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	679,255	310,750	368,510	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,310	665	645	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	27,805	12,415	15,390	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	8,880	3,995	4,880	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10	553,380	255,540	297,835	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,610	5,500	6,110	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	630	295	330	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	16,600	8,160	8,445	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	3,305	1,590	1,710	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	870	400	475	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	615	305	315	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	7,025	3,475	3,545	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	890	445	440	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	585	285	295	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	22,350	8,605	13,745	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	11,485	5,475	6,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10,455	2,960	7,495	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	165	240	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	53,520	28,385	25,135	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	4,490	2,460	2,030	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	540	230	305	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	44,190	23,615	20,570	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	1,355	660	690	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	1,805	890	920	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,150	530	620	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	68,180	31,000	37,180	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	4,485	1,945	2,535	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	12,200	5,075	7,120	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	51,500	23,980	27,525	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,060	540	520	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	15	15	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	40	20	25
English and French	0	0	0	291,325	142,420	148,905	0	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	921,480	450,685	470,800	30	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	117,910	57,875	60,040	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	52,880	25,900	26,975	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	92,095	42,330	49,765	5	5	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	620	315	300	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	610	315	290
English	515	270	245	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	395	210	180
French	0	0	0	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	0	0	0
Non-official language	20	10	10	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	50	30	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	50,460	25,385	25,080	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	10	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	50	30	20
English and French	0	5	0	953,760	465,560	488,205	15	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	40	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	140	60	85
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	395,320	188,195	207,125	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	455,760	217,995	237,770	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	200,320	93,165	107,155	5	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	620	315	300	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	610	315	290
Single responses	610	315	295	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	555	295	265
Official languages	565	290	275	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	445	235	210
English	565	290	270	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	440	235	210
French	0	0	0	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	5	5	5
Non-official languages	40	25	20	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	115	60	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	85,835	42,950	42,885	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	50,135	25,010	25,120	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	980	495	480	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	38,255	19,165	19,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	26,700	13,425	13,270	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	50	30	30	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	560	300	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	665	305	360	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	1,455	730	725	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	830	430	405	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20,585	10,400	10,180	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	505	260	245	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	8,250	4,100	4,155	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	230	105	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	145	70	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	390	195	200	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	220	100	125	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	705	390	315	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	200	110	95	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	395	220	175	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	755	420	335	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	165	85	75	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	260	130	130	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	120	65	60	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	90	40	55	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	220	115	105	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	25	20	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	115	60	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	395,840	197,010	198,830	35	20	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	11,295	5,940	5,355	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	10,180	5,325	4,850	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	840	455	380	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	280	155	130	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	835	425	410	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	635	330	305	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	200	95	105	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30,375	14,115	16,260	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	1,645	890	760	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	24,410	11,075	13,335	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	205	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	352,790	176,270	176,520	35	20	10
Amharic	0	0	0	14,030	6,470	7,565	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	285,915	143,650	142,260	30	20	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	20,740	9,940	10,800	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	12,935	6,150	6,785	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	6,585	3,185	3,400	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,220	605	615	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	680	305	380	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	8,515	4,355	4,160	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	795	360	435	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	21,860	11,050	10,810	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	135	115	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	127,730	58,660	69,070	15	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10,650	4,765	5,880	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	116,785	53,735	63,055	15	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	326,245	149,550	176,700	20	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0	760	370	395	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,125	1,895	2,230	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10,195	4,720	5,480	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	200	110	85	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5,015	2,265	2,750	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	18,350	8,350	10,000	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	4,150	1,985	2,170	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	585	265	320	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	320	150	170	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	330	165	170	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	390	205	190	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	280	145	140	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	3,030	1,435	1,590	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	680	310	375	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5	275,045	125,870	149,170	15	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	680	325	360	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,100	1,000	1,105	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	35,195	15,455	19,740	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	22,610	9,620	12,990	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	300	125	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	360	150	210	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	3,640	1,760	1,880	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	295	135	160	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	7,120	3,275	3,845	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	870	395	475	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	169,705	85,265	84,440	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	3,060	1,575	1,485	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	35,390	19,010	16,380	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	112,335	54,240	58,095	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	18,470	10,215	8,250	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	240	120	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	105	105	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	1,335	730	610	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	215	105	120	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	10	5	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	35	20	15
Albanian	0	0	0	14,110	7,005	7,100	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	21,970	10,415	11,550	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	303,480	143,495	159,985	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	2,495	1,120	1,380	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	880	395	485	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	1,615	720	895	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	300,985	142,375	158,610	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10,315	5,005	5,310	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	5,680	2,705	2,980	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	6,105	2,880	3,225	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65,140	30,225	34,915	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	125,780	59,290	66,490	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	290	155	135	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	53,150	25,720	27,430	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	6,480	3,135	3,345	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	14,925	6,965	7,960	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	31,110	15,310	15,800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	5,015	2,410	2,605	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	1,375	595	785	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	27,825	13,250	14,580	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	555	295	265	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	310	165	145	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	105	55	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	140,450	68,575	71,875	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	270	110	155	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	103,780	50,460	53,325	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	86,820	41,815	45,005	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,750	870	875	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,950	4,140	3,810	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	33,710	16,730	16,980	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	6,095	3,055	3,035	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	8,100	3,950	4,150	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,940	920	1,020	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	615	280	340	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	175	75	95	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	890	435	450	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	740	355	390	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	38,300	17,490	20,810	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	25	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	962,820	490,815	472,000	25	10	10
Assamese	0	0	0	215	110	110	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	56,750	28,435	28,315	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	92,005	47,790	44,215	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	91,930	47,555	44,375	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	3,055	1,310	1,750	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	270	130	140	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	880	415	470	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	7,460	3,800	3,660	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	16,835	8,595	8,235	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	795	420	375	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	525	275	250	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	145	130	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	520,390	266,775	253,610	15	10	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	410	195	215	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	2,110	1,060	1,050	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	9,665	4,775	4,890	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	158,040	78,420	79,615	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,015	1,040	975	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	204,420	99,545	104,875	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	330	170	155	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	10,380	5,245	5,135	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	13,215	6,670	6,545	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	179,745	87,075	92,670	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	36,190	17,395	18,795	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	125,840	61,060	64,780	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	17,715	8,620	9,095	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	250	225	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	5	10	577,735	273,965	303,770	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	370	185	190	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	0	92,755	38,750	54,005	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	118,730	56,685	62,045	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	48,090	23,135	24,955	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	317,365	155,005	162,360	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	210	220	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	20,055	8,290	11,765	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	125,525	58,250	67,275	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,050	505	545	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	38,600	18,055	20,545	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	6,000	2,755	3,240	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	365	150	215	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	470	225	245	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	260	115	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	1,530	770	765	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	2,720	1,205	1,520	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,520	655	860	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	295	130	160	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	3,780	1,760	2,025	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	1,035	480	555	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	235	145	85	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	7,055	3,290	3,765	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	290	130	160	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,945	1,040	910	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5,395	2,505	2,890	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,720	1,250	1,470	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,555	1,600	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	900	485	420	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	645	295	355	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,465	705	760	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	140	75	70	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	12,160	7,005	5,160	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	8,175	4,660	3,515	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,475	830	645	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,520	1,515	1,000	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	967,965	450,210	517,755	5	0	5
Chinese languages	10	5	5	955,685	444,115	511,565	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	3,625	1,645	1,985	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	530,945	249,675	281,270	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	775	370	405	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	13,945	6,255	7,685	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5,750	2,705	3,050	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	393,430	180,000	213,435	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	6,985	3,360	3,625	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	110	115	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	11,990	5,960	6,035	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	2,075	1,010	1,070	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	660	320	340	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	440	225	210	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	5,395	2,680	2,705	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	225	240	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	135	155	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10,120	4,660	5,460	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	5,955	2,850	3,105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,955	1,725	2,230	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	210	85	125	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	32,490	16,530	15,960	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	2,200	1,095	1,105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	27,970	14,290	13,685	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	850	420	435	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	950	470	480	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	195	210	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	18,790	8,625	10,165	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	615	245	370	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,880	825	1,050	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	16,295	7,550	8,745	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	5	10	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	50	20	30
English and French	0	0	0	230,955	112,070	118,880	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	45	20	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	125,525	60,405	65,125	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	56,805	27,370	29,430	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	26,705	12,190	14,515	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	620	315	300	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	605	315	290
None	545	285	260	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	490	265	230
English	15	10	5	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	50	20	30
French	0	5	0	571,040	268,530	302,510	5	5	5
Non-official language	40	15	25	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	40	15	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	63,565	29,285	34,280	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	40	15	25	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	40	15	25
English and French	0	0	0	86,185	42,600	43,585	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	323,845	161,995	161,850	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	134,565	61,575	72,995	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,870	5,975	5,895	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	5	234,905	115,470	119,430	5	5	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	705	385	315	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	620	320	300
Official languages	700	380	315	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	615	320	300
English	700	380	315	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	615	320	300
French	60	25	35	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	60	30	35
Non-official languages	220	130	90	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	270	140	130
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	243,155	116,360	126,795	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	163,815	78,135	85,675	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	105,850	50,975	54,870	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	87,875	42,340	45,530	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	895	450	445	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	61,000	29,930	31,070	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,035	515	525	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10,035	4,770	5,260	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	9,245	4,370	4,880	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	820	420	400	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	42,865	20,015	22,850	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	26,160	11,930	14,235	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	2,035	875	1,165	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	215	80	135	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20,720	9,495	11,225	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20,390	9,635	10,755	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20,135	9,515	10,620	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	1,550	680	870	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	295	115	180	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	2,330	1,140	1,190	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	775	355	420	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	415	195	215	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,210	620	590	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	480	265	220	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	235	140	100	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	870	400	470	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	175	75	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	320	120	190	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	85	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	140	50	85	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	290	140	150	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	245	90	155	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	42,795	20,980	21,820	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,140	505	630	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	795	365	430	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	41,680	20,495	21,185	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	2,055	880	1,175	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	230	95	135	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,605	655	950	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	210	105	110	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	25	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	215	90	120	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5,305	2,555	2,755	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,415	670	745	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	600	285	305	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	510	300	215	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	1,090	510	580	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	325	135	185	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	705	320	390	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	190	175	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	370	195	175	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	1,530	715	810	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	925	470	455	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	325	180	140	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,135	555	580	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,110	595	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	2,205	1,010	1,200	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	295	145	145	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	335	170	170	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	820	355	465	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	700	315	390	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	310	335	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	855	405	450	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	220	130	90	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	270	140	130
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	30	10	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	50	35	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	42,835	22,775	20,060	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	37,415	19,660	17,755	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	4,735	2,720	2,015	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,330	750	575	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	7,090	3,740	3,350	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	5,080	2,695	2,380	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	3,690	1,790	1,900	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	71,930	34,430	37,500	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	2,745	1,490	1,260	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	59,005	27,735	31,270	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	760	645	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	30	10	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	50	35	15
Amharic	0	0	0	48,305	23,910	24,395	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	838,045	436,510	401,540	50	35	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	39,655	19,690	19,965	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	23,865	11,765	12,100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	13,285	6,625	6,655	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,195	1,625	1,570	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	83,205	42,515	40,685	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	6,535	3,080	3,450	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	45,970	23,120	22,845	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,760	1,065	695	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	260,030	120,035	139,995	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	28,390	13,100	15,290	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	232,800	107,435	125,355	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	910	455	455	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	793,275	336,445	456,840	50	15	30
Bikol	0	0	0	4,260	1,975	2,275	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,990	4,625	6,375	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	33,045	13,790	19,250	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	1,765	900	865	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	16,385	6,650	9,735	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	61,680	25,280	36,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	19,815	8,895	10,915	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,175	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	860	345	510	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,960	1,920	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,565	785	780	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10,770	4,995	5,775	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10,555	4,690	5,865	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	4,455	1,885	2,575	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	737,565	310,735	426,830	50	15	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	4,520	1,910	2,610	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20,140	8,785	11,355	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	184,840	85,045	99,790	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	134,895	61,215	73,680	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,675	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	1,955	870	1,090	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	15,345	7,620	7,725	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	1,535	785	750	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	31,220	14,400	16,825	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	9,585	4,575	5,005	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	359,485	185,160	174,325	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	18,420	9,660	8,760	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	77,910	42,025	35,890	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	237,890	119,570	118,320	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	54,685	30,575	24,110	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	1,765	935	835	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	970	450	520	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	3,015	1,565	1,445	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	720	365	360	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	175	90	80	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	170	85	80
Albanian	0	0	0	38,345	19,410	18,935	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	44,500	21,675	22,825	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	820,305	384,390	435,915	15	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	13,890	5,900	7,985	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	6,020	2,595	3,425	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	7,895	3,325	4,570	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	809,985	380,025	429,960	15	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	2,825	1,185	1,640	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	24,210	11,805	12,400	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	28,625	13,595	15,030	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	23,015	10,965	12,050	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	204,460	94,135	110,325	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	309,235	145,375	163,860	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	680	345	330	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	155,775	76,800	78,975	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25,380	12,555	12,825	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	73,845	36,015	37,830	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	83,735	41,550	42,185	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,085	1,590	1,500	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	20,905	9,455	11,450	10	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10,650	4,715	5,935	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	131,655	59,230	72,425	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10,485	5,430	5,055	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	5,360	2,940	2,415	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	2,170	1,050	1,120	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	2,170	1,015	1,155	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	910	495	415	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	0	15	658,705	319,800	338,905	10	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	2,835	1,480	1,350	0	0	0
High German languages	15	0	15	453,995	222,215	231,780	0	0	0
German	15	0	15	419,195	204,840	214,355	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	10,465	5,025	5,440	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	20,155	10,105	10,045	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	191,840	93,435	98,405	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	29,670	15,335	14,335	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	107,985	51,330	56,650	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	1,310	640	670	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	41,165	20,590	20,575	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	3,985	1,825	2,155	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	37,500	17,205	20,300	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	14,700	6,805	7,900	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	1,475	685	790	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	8,860	4,180	4,675	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	14,620	6,765	7,855	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	145,060	71,685	73,375	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	105	50	55
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	95	45	55
Assamese	0	0	0	1,155	590	565	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	120,605	62,330	58,270	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	209,415	110,000	99,405	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	761,425	395,410	366,015	10	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	15,085	6,785	8,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	1,830	965	865	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	8,950	4,300	4,645	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	35,230	18,210	17,020	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	30,660	15,680	14,980	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	3,235	1,665	1,570	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	1,710	925	785	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,550	755	795	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	942,170	488,075	454,090	80	40	40
Rohingya	0	0	0	765	345	420	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	8,385	4,480	3,910	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	33,050	16,645	16,400	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	414,870	211,895	202,975	35	10	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	11,320	6,280	5,040	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	370,520	186,750	183,770	10	10	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	985	565	420	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	24,035	13,005	11,030	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	1,000	535	470	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	31,695	16,810	14,885	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	326,285	163,665	162,620	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	78,220	38,765	39,460	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	222,160	111,750	110,415	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	30,345	15,460	14,880	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,830	970	855	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,135	1,245	895	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	75	60	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	35	20	15
Catalan	0	0	0	2,855	1,560	1,305	0	0	0
Italian	45	30	15	547,655	263,950	283,705	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	336,865	164,985	171,880	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	116,520	55,570	60,950	0	0	0
Spanish	100	50	45	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	35	20	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	4,890	2,835	2,060	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,965	1,025	940	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	98,070	43,380	54,690	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	203,885	92,275	111,605	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	2,545	1,085	1,455	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	267,520	131,495	136,025	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	26,240	12,585	13,660	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	4,950	2,570	2,380	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	4,945	2,315	2,630	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	4,645	2,490	2,165	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	7,840	4,100	3,740	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	3,255	1,565	1,685	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	4,650	2,055	2,600	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	1,850	750	1,100	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	18,365	9,345	9,020	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	13,515	6,305	7,210	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	25,720	12,260	13,460	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	2,695	1,300	1,395	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	2,085	1,055	1,035	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	1,080	585	490	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	2,425	1,140	1,285	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	14,825	7,070	7,755	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	7,280	3,440	3,845	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	1,010	650	360	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	1,305	580	725	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	57,295	28,950	28,340	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	2,820	1,440	1,380	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	12,940	6,925	6,015	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	50,935	25,265	25,675	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	43,625	21,935	21,685	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	11,090	5,570	5,530	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	1,490	685	805	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	6,815	3,425	3,385	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	49,535	19,685	29,850	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	37,620	14,430	23,195	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,450	3,515	3,940	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	14,830	6,845	7,980	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	987,300	452,995	534,305	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,825	840	980	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	51,755	22,840	28,920	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	13,660	6,060	7,600	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	724,925	335,185	389,740	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,720	5,695	6,020	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,185	560	625	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	22,300	10,955	11,345	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	5,935	2,910	3,025	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	1,140	520	620	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	845	395	450	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	9,160	4,565	4,590	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,940	890	1,050	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,220	540	680	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	33,705	14,255	19,440	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	17,630	8,320	9,310	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	18,575	6,955	11,615	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	800	330	465	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	91,375	47,575	43,800	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	9,875	5,380	4,490	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	1,415	600	815	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	78,500	41,130	37,365	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	1,660	790	875	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,640	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,150	980	1,165	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	85,055	39,290	45,765	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5,315	2,320	2,990	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	15,325	6,735	8,590	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	64,625	30,320	34,300	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,545	2,750	2,790	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	705	385	320	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	620	320	300
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	60	30	35	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	30	15	15
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	50	30	25	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	30	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian)	20	0	10	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	0	0	0
Métis	35	20	15	624,220	306,220	318,000	30	10	15
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	70,540	34,645	35,895	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	28,855	13,645	15,215	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	35,225	16,620	18,610	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	645	360	285	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	590	305	280
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	705	385	320	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	620	320	300
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	10	0	10	831,720	402,310	429,405	20	10	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	690	380	310	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	600	315	295
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	280	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
Owner	180	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	200	...	...
Renter	100	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	45	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	280	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
Condominium	15	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	90	...	...
Not condominium	260	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	280	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	132,060	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	15	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	50	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	100	...	...
3 bedrooms	115	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	65	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	100	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	280	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	35	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	70	...	...
5 rooms	60	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	55	...	...
6 rooms	50	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	55	...	...
7 rooms	35	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	10	...	...
8 or more rooms	100	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	55	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.1	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	280	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
One person or fewer per room	260	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	225	...	...
More than one person per room	15	...	...	353,715	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	280	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
Suitable	260	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	230	...	...
Not suitable	15	...	...	805,650	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	280	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
1960 or before	70	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	15	...	...
1961 to 1980	90	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	205	...	...
1981 to 1990	30	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	20	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	20	...	...	959,860	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	30	...	...	967,540	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	15	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	280	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	265	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	235	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	919,545	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	280	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
One-maintainer household	115	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	130	...	...
Two-maintainer household	140	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	85	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	687,485	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	280	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
15 to 24 years	15	...	...	424,695	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	45	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	25	...	...
35 to 44 years	75	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	45	...	...
45 to 54 years	50	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	50	...	...
55 to 64 years	50	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	60	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	40	...	...
75 to 84 years	15	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	25	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	457,900	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	275	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	245	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	225	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	200	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	50	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	40	...	...
30% to less than 100%	45	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	280	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	70	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	45	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	45	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	595,110	...	...	15	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	645,465	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	135,770	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	199,355	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	64,095	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	10,630	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	205	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	270	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	240	...	...
In core need	25	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	20	...	...
Not in core need	245	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	220	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	180	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	205	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.1	...	...	60.0	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.4	...	...	14.8	...	...	17.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,290	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,100	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,260	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	320,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	665,000	...	...	618,500	...	...	296,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	95	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	50	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	11.7	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.8	...	...	33.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	20.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,210	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	1,209	...	...	1,360	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	284	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	327	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	705	385	320	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	620	320	305
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	985,200	480,950	504,245	35	10	20
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	963,705	470,850	492,855	35	10	20
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	763,230	371,400	391,825	20	10	10
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	146,010	72,680	73,325	15	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	54,475	26,770	27,700	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	21,490	10,095	11,395	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	17,665	8,215	9,450	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	1,070	530	535	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	60	25	30	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	10	10	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	60	25	30	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	20	801,630	384,550	417,075	10	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	25	15	362,130	174,975	187,150	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,595	9,450	10,150	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	35,930	16,605	19,320	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	31,815	14,790	17,025	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,785	1,190	1,595	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,005	500	505	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	330	125	210	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	640	360	280	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	575	300	275
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	705	385	320	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	620	320	300
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	655	365	295	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	540	275	265
Canadian citizens aged under 18	165	120	45	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	105	55	50
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	490	245	245	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	435	225	215
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	50	25	25	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	80	45	35
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	705	385	320	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	620	320	300
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	590	330	255	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	415	215	195
Immigrants⁸¹	105	50	55	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	205	100	100
Before 1980	25	10	15	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	20	15	10
1980 to 1990	25	10	10	924,320	443,805	480,520	15	0	15
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	45	20	30
2001 to 2010	15	0	0	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	55	30	25
2011 to 2021⁸²	45	25	20	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	70	35	35
2011 to 2015	15	0	15	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	25	15	15
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	45	25	20
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	924,850	499,490	425,365	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	105	50	55	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	205	100	105
Under 5 years	0	0	0	748,265	377,795	370,470	15	0	10
5 to 14 years	25	15	0	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	25	10	10
15 to 24 years	40	10	25	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	50	30	25
25 to 44 years	30	0	25	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	85	40	40
45 years and over	10	10	0	797,180	364,260	432,920	30	15	15
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	105	50	55	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	205	100	105
Americas	30	0	20	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	30	15	15
Brazil	0	0	0	48,450	22,405	26,050	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	80,570	36,675	43,900	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	49,450	24,430	25,015	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	85,530	37,870	47,660	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	99,945	44,585	55,360	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145,360	63,430	81,925	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	90,585	42,215	48,370	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	31,420	13,925	17,490	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	65,035	29,110	35,930	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	256,090	115,380	140,705	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	20	0	10	250,760	116,305	134,460	0	0	0
Europe	35	15	15	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	20	10	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	35,925	17,705	18,220	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	36,675	18,115	18,560	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	121,525	63,845	57,685	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	126,470	60,560	65,915	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	54,715	27,050	27,665	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	31,050	14,595	16,450	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	204,065	101,445	102,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	75,830	39,020	36,810	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	135,030	60,660	74,370	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	128,795	62,880	65,910	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	86,770	40,820	45,955	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	81,840	35,185	46,650	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	31,925	15,480	16,450	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	81,135	36,840	44,295	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	464,135	229,710	234,430	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	20	0	15	271,725	131,935	139,790	15	10	0
Africa	0	0	0	821,735	412,365	409,375	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	79,660	41,065	38,600	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	33,110	15,775	17,340	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	73,710	38,730	34,980	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	31,385	16,575	14,815	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	41,715	19,955	21,760	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	81,775	41,085	40,685	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	81,290	41,665	39,620	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	32,500	14,600	17,900	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	51,590	25,740	25,855	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	314,995	157,170	157,825	0	0	0
Asia	40	30	10	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	150	80	75
Afghanistan	0	0	0	62,450	30,940	31,515	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	182,940	92,300	90,645	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	84,130	42,660	41,465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	95,725	50,675	45,055	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	97,590	49,855	47,735	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	35,270	18,835	16,435	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	715,835	317,970	397,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	213,855	100,480	113,375	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	138,355	63,025	75,325	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	65,365	28,725	36,635	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	719,580	305,115	414,460	55	20	30
Viet Nam	0	0	0	182,095	82,670	99,425	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	70,090	35,675	34,415	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	898,050	451,120	446,930	40	20	25
Pakistan	0	0	0	234,105	118,390	115,715	20	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	136,240	66,215	70,030	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	375,340	175,930	199,410	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	61,965	31,055	30,910	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	45	20	20
Americas	0	0	0	154,490	74,275	80,215	15	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	19,895	9,340	10,560	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	11,455	5,090	6,365	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	10,550	5,155	5,400	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	15,155	7,740	7,420	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	17,150	8,405	8,745	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	39,875	19,790	20,085	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	7,060	2,980	4,075	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	33,350	15,785	17,570	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	134,425	69,310	65,120	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	27,175	14,560	12,610	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	5,365	2,660	2,705	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	6,355	4,000	2,350	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	4,240	2,470	1,770	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10,905	4,335	6,570	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	14,515	6,570	7,945	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	22,755	13,550	9,200	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	43,120	21,160	21,960	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	206,965	102,875	104,090	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	15,745	7,530	8,220	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	4,935	2,420	2,510	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	11,795	5,545	6,250	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	8,915	4,200	4,720	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	7,915	3,795	4,125	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,120	6,285	5,835	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	16,330	8,755	7,575	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	9,385	4,415	4,970	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	12,835	6,025	6,810	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	40,360	20,575	19,780	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	6,315	3,240	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	8,510	4,290	4,220	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	4,690	2,375	2,315	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	8,155	4,185	3,975	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	38,960	19,250	19,715	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	823,205	393,110	430,090	30	15	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	12,730	6,290	6,440	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	13,185	6,670	6,515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	118,035	50,365	67,665	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	6,495	2,880	3,620	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	246,995	128,205	118,790	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	25,650	12,310	13,340	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	17,715	8,835	8,875	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	4,850	2,565	2,290	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	4,445	1,035	3,410	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	4,635	2,375	2,260	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	20,985	8,790	12,200	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,980	5,120	4,860	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,415	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	36,255	18,070	18,190	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	151,490	66,720	84,765	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	9,560	5,195	4,365	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	8,480	4,010	4,465	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	63,130	32,725	30,410	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	10,150	5,520	4,635	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	8,405	4,325	4,085	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	14,725	5,605	9,125	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	30,410	13,035	17,375	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	9,160	5,335	3,825	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	6,535	3,845	2,685	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	2,625	1,490	1,135	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	705	385	320	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	620	320	300
First generation¹⁰⁰	120	60	60	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	210	105	105
Second generation¹⁰¹	205	120	85	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	160	100	65
Third generation or more¹⁰²	380	205	170	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	250	115	130
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	85	45	35	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	185	85	100
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	10	0	10	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	45	25	25
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	0	0	0	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	25	10	15
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	0	0	0	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	20	15	10
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	20	0	20	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	80	35	45
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55	45	10	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	55	30	25
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	91,900	42,145	49,755	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	85	45	35	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	185	85	100
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	0	416,105	222,895	193,205	15	10	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	705,405	324,370	381,035	20	10	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	183,250	92,135	91,110	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	377,130	188,535	188,590	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	39,540	15,685	23,855	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	60	35	30	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	135	60	70
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	705	385	320	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	620	320	300
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	165	95	75	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	290	155	135
South Asian	0	0	0	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	100	40	55
Chinese	15	0	10	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	0	0	0
Black	0	0	0	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	957,355	427,755	529,600	80	45	40
Arab	0	0	0	694,015	362,845	331,170	65	45	30
Latin American	65	30	30	580,235	281,030	299,200	20	10	10
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	390,340	184,120	206,220	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	360,495	181,795	178,695	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	218,140	101,855	116,285	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	98,890	42,315	56,575	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	172,885	83,310	89,580	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	30	15	15	331,805	160,790	171,010	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	540	290	245	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	330	165	170
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	705	385	315	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	625	315	300
Canadian	45	25	15	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	45	35	10
English	150	95	55	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	55	35	20
Irish	95	40	55	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	35	15	20
Scottish	155	85	70	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	50	20	30
French, n.o.s.¹²²	85	30	50	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	40	25	20
German	125	60	65	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	60	30	30
Chinese	15	0	15	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	0	0	0
Italian	90	55	30	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	0	0	0
Indian (India)	0	0	0	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	50	20	25
Ukrainian	70	50	20	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	20	0	15
Dutch	45	40	0	988,585	489,045	499,545	0	0	0
Polish	25	20	10	982,820	472,290	510,525	10	10	0
Québécois	0	0	0	981,635	490,130	491,510	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	60	30	30	938,950	462,420	476,530	15	10	0
Filipino	0	0	0	925,490	414,915	510,570	45	25	25
French Canadian	0	0	0	906,315	441,610	464,705	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	691,260	347,080	344,175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	632,340	304,220	328,120	10	10	0
Métis	40	25	15	560,335	271,985	288,350	20	10	10
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	15	0	0	551,910	278,060	273,850	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	548,140	260,075	288,065	15	0	10
Norwegian	20	0	10	466,500	224,290	242,210	0	0	0
Welsh	20	15	0	455,720	216,490	239,230	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	448,305	222,770	225,535	0	0	0
American	10	10	0	353,495	172,240	181,255	10	0	10
Spanish	45	30	10	342,040	160,475	181,570	0	0	0
Swedish	20	15	0	334,505	156,840	177,665	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	320,150	155,755	164,395	20	0	15
Acadian	0	0	0	305,170	145,500	159,675	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	303,260	154,435	148,825	30	0	20
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	301,955	148,335	153,625	0	0	0
Jewish	10	0	0	282,015	141,530	140,490	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	279,950	145,620	134,330	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	275,530	131,075	144,445	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	263,710	138,210	125,500	40	25	15
Greek	0	0	0	262,140	132,975	129,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	249,070	119,265	129,805	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	226,220	107,785	118,435	35	20	15
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	219,855	105,825	114,030	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	217,650	101,805	115,845	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	215,885	103,720	112,165	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	210,605	107,990	102,615	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	200,465	100,790	99,675	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	200,340	99,800	100,540	0	0	0
Danish	15	0	0	196,945	96,220	100,725	10	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	194,840	94,035	100,810	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	194,640	101,255	93,385	0	0	0
Austrian	20	0	10	189,535	92,740	96,800	0	0	0
Belgian	20	15	0	182,175	90,150	92,030	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	178,990	84,510	94,490	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	166,160	87,665	78,495	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	155,495	77,435	78,055	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	155,095	77,735	77,360	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	145,570	72,015	73,555	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	144,055	69,270	74,785	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	132,410	65,175	67,240	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	130,820	64,915	65,905	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	129,425	56,850	72,580	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	120,125	60,575	59,550	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	111,605	53,700	57,905	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	0	10	110,735	54,730	56,005	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	105,620	54,095	51,525	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	105,245	55,230	50,020	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	104,765	51,375	53,395	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	102,170	51,165	51,005	0	0	0
Icelandic	15	15	0	101,990	50,370	51,620	0	0	0
Colombian	40	30	15	100,555	47,995	52,560	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	99,980	50,835	49,150	0	0	0
Czech	20	0	15	98,925	47,495	51,430	10	10	0
Syrian	0	0	0	98,250	49,385	48,865	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	97,210	46,270	50,940	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	96,810	48,255	48,550	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	94,585	44,335	50,250	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	93,360	46,945	46,410	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	92,220	44,610	47,600	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	91,670	45,665	46,005	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	81,680	39,485	42,195	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	80,555	39,675	40,880	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	80,340	41,415	38,925	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	77,405	37,655	39,750	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	76,745	39,955	36,795	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	76,675	37,315	39,365	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	75,425	39,085	36,335	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	73,770	38,035	35,740	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	71,755	34,670	37,085	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	69,540	34,680	34,860	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	68,850	34,105	34,745	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	68,210	33,475	34,740	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	66,780	31,525	35,255	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	65,555	31,555	33,995	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	64,020	29,280	34,740	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	59,300	29,865	29,435	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	59,280	29,150	30,130	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	59,050	26,385	32,670	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	58,870	27,845	31,025	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	58,840	30,560	28,280	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	57,195	25,715	31,475	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	56,070	27,025	29,040	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	52,085	23,685	28,395	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	52,040	24,510	27,530	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	49,840	24,885	24,955	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	46,765	24,165	22,595	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	45,905	23,930	21,975	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	45,685	22,520	23,165	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	45,260	22,000	23,260	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	44,720	21,700	23,025	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	42,545	20,675	21,875	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	42,405	20,105	22,300	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	42,295	19,925	22,370	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	42,075	21,740	20,330	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	41,950	19,835	22,115	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	41,700	22,325	19,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	41,620	21,050	20,570	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	40,670	20,210	20,455	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	39,440	19,500	19,940	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	38,595	18,785	19,815	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	38,520	18,935	19,585	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	37,670	18,235	19,435	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	36,970	19,580	17,385	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	36,290	18,185	18,110	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	35,395	17,140	18,250	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	35,345	18,410	16,940	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	33,330	16,485	16,845	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	33,135	15,355	17,775	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	33,085	16,235	16,850	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	32,575	16,525	16,055	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	31,720	15,650	16,065	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	31,440	15,265	16,175	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	31,430	15,700	15,730	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	30,565	14,635	15,930	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	30,465	16,585	13,875	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	30,220	15,225	14,995	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	30,065	14,830	15,235	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	28,490	14,320	14,170	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	28,395	13,220	15,175	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	28,225	13,490	14,735	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	28,140	13,515	14,620	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	26,675	13,830	12,850	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	26,535	12,960	13,580	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	26,460	13,920	12,540	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	26,330	11,910	14,415	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	25,875	12,500	13,375	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	25,575	11,860	13,715	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	25,200	12,495	12,710	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	24,420	12,265	12,155	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	24,325	12,230	12,095	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	24,255	11,510	12,745	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	24,110	11,540	12,570	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	23,500	11,665	11,840	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	23,455	11,080	12,375	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	23,130	12,670	10,460	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	23,020	11,040	11,980	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	22,785	11,695	11,090	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	22,785	11,680	11,105	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	22,570	11,405	11,165	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	22,275	8,525	13,750	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	22,125	10,615	11,510	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	21,975	11,215	10,765	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	20,565	10,595	9,975	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	19,685	9,730	9,955	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	19,305	9,890	9,415	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	18,850	9,055	9,795	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	18,745	9,030	9,710	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	18,545	8,975	9,570	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	18,420	8,545	9,870	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	18,190	8,850	9,340	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	17,955	8,625	9,330	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	17,755	9,275	8,470	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	17,485	8,825	8,665	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	17,465	8,710	8,755	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	17,315	7,300	10,020	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	17,050	7,935	9,115	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	16,570	8,255	8,310	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	16,315	8,565	7,750	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	15,910	7,715	8,195	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	15,780	7,505	8,280	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	15,660	7,485	8,175	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	15,340	8,155	7,190	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	15,055	7,180	7,875	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	15,010	7,255	7,755	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	14,265	6,730	7,535	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	14,260	6,525	7,735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	14,110	6,810	7,295	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	13,910	7,435	6,470	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	13,840	6,730	7,120	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	13,755	7,020	6,730	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	13,565	6,510	7,055	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	13,245	5,800	7,445	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	13,225	7,055	6,170	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	13,095	6,530	6,565	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	13,065	6,175	6,885	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	12,890	6,150	6,740	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	12,890	5,965	6,930	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	12,490	6,580	5,910	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	12,115	6,080	6,035	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	12,080	5,905	6,170	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	11,710	5,980	5,730	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	10,920	5,370	5,550	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	10,825	5,080	5,745	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10,750	5,130	5,620	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	10,490	4,710	5,775	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	10,275	4,950	5,325	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	10,015	4,975	5,045	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	9,955	5,115	4,840	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	9,915	5,165	4,750	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	9,835	5,135	4,695	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	9,825	5,195	4,625	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	9,795	4,725	5,065	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	9,700	4,710	4,990	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	9,455	4,705	4,755	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	9,350	4,650	4,700	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	9,165	4,435	4,725	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	9,150	4,385	4,760	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	9,090	4,240	4,850	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	8,970	4,235	4,735	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	8,315	4,220	4,090	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	8,310	3,765	4,545	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	8,285	3,910	4,375	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	8,255	4,425	3,830	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	8,140	3,945	4,195	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	8,115	3,995	4,130	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	8,080	3,830	4,250	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	7,945	4,265	3,680	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	7,745	4,030	3,710	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	7,660	3,870	3,790	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	7,640	3,835	3,805	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	7,635	3,690	3,950	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	7,535	3,305	4,230	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	7,480	3,865	3,620	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	7,390	3,700	3,695	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	7,285	3,340	3,945	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	7,220	3,515	3,705	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	6,810	3,630	3,180	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	6,670	3,730	2,945	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	6,545	3,225	3,320	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	6,500	3,265	3,230	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	6,480	2,945	3,535	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	6,255	3,085	3,170	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	6,165	3,020	3,145	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	6,060	2,755	3,305	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	5,985	2,995	2,995	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	5,980	2,965	3,015	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	5,945	3,010	2,930	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	5,925	2,855	3,075	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	705	385	320	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	620	320	300
Buddhist	0	0	0	356,975	157,435	199,540	0	0	0
Christian	300	145	155	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	265	130	130
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	75	25	50	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	35	15	20
Anabaptist	0	0	0	144,145	70,095	74,050	0	0	0
Anglican	10	0	10	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	436,940	200,325	236,615	10	0	0
Catholic	180	95	80	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	165	85	80
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	623,010	301,055	321,955	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	137,255	59,505	77,750	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	87,725	41,365	46,360	0	0	0
Lutheran	10	10	0	328,045	150,115	177,925	15	10	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	100,655	46,640	54,020	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	399,025	180,870	218,155	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	301,400	136,440	164,960	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	79,870	39,250	40,620	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	25	10	20
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	25	15	0	745,650	345,540	400,110	15	0	10
Hindu	0	0	0	828,195	430,135	398,060	30	20	10
Jewish	0	0	0	335,295	164,220	171,070	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	105	55	55
Sikh	0	0	0	771,790	394,345	377,445	35	15	20
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	80,685	38,460	42,230	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	229,015	97,645	131,370	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	335	190	135	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	165	80	85
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	675	370	305	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	615	320	300
Non-movers	565	305	260	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	600	305	295
Movers	110	65	45	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	15	10	0
Non-migrants	105	60	40	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	15	10	0
Migrants	10	0	0	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	0	0	0
Internal migrants	10	0	0	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	10	0	0	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	268,965	135,215	133,750	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	293,955	147,585	146,370	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	645	350	295	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	570	295	280
Non-movers	375	205	175	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	425	205	215
Movers	270	145	120	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	150	85	65
Non-migrants	185	110	80	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	80	40	40
Migrants	90	40	45	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	65	45	25
Internal migrants	75	40	35	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	30	10	10
Intraprovincial migrants	20	0	15	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	50	35	20	921,345	459,695	461,650	20	10	10
External migrants	15	0	15	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	40	25	15
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	545	270	275	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	525	270	255
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	60	50	15	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	155	90	65
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	485	225	260	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	365	180	185
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	420	200	220	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	320	165	155
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30	25	0	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	85	50	35
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	390	180	215	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	230	110	120
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	550	270	275	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	520	270	255
No certificate, diploma or degree	55	35	20	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	130	80	55
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	120	70	50	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	140	80	60
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	375	165	205	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	250	115	135
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	125	70	60	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	170	85	85
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	15	20	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	40	25	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	0	10	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	25	15	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	10	10	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	15	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	90	45	40	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	115	55	60
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	896,755	372,560	524,195	10	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	245	95	150	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	80	30	50
Bachelor's degree	170	70	100	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	60	15	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	10	556,510	243,200	313,310	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	214,105	108,000	106,105	0	0	0
Master's degree	60	20	40	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	20	0	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	0	279,660	165,795	113,870	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	420	205	215	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	315	160	155
No certificate, diploma or degree	20	15	0	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	80	50	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	75	45	30	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	80	40	35
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	325	140	185	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	165	70	95
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	110	60	50	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	110	50	60
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	10	10	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	25	15	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	0	10	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	20	10	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	836,220	693,830	142,395	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	85	50	40	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	85	35	50
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	623,090	261,035	362,050	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	215	80	135	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	50	20	35
Bachelor's degree	150	55	90	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	45	15	25
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	10	430,875	179,230	251,645	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	167,730	75,120	92,615	0	0	0
Master's degree	50	15	35	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	0	209,445	115,530	93,915	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	550	270	275	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	520	270	250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	170	100	70	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	270	160	115
Education	15	10	10	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	15	0	15
13. Education	15	10	10	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	0	20	631,255	274,065	357,190	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	74,785	53,390	21,395	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	20	0	20	556,470	220,680	335,790	0	0	0
Humanities	20	10	10	926,560	354,120	572,440	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	106,345	23,460	82,885	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	184,600	53,020	131,580	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	316,050	119,215	196,830	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	18,935	6,835	12,095	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	57,745	33,040	24,700	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	77,510	46,140	31,365	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	108,935	58,310	50,620	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	56,440	14,090	42,345	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	55	20	40	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	35	0	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	29,430	7,065	22,365	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	233,400	88,205	145,200	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	344,150	27,905	316,240	20	0	20
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	325,785	115,335	210,445	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	49,855	16,000	33,850	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	327,965	79,295	248,665	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	40	15	25	705,540	336,960	368,580	10	0	10
Business, management and public administration	85	20	65	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	55	15	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	5,335	1,705	3,630	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	0	272,240	55,995	216,245	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	75	20	55	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	45	15	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	10	719,715	353,540	366,175	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	10	10	297,055	121,615	175,435	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	155,955	72,245	83,705	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	35,380	14,950	20,430	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	196,620	130,745	65,875	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	34,710	13,985	20,730	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	804,230	531,435	272,795	15	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	643,145	454,370	188,775	15	15	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	43,085	7,100	35,985	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	99,360	57,560	41,800	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	18,640	12,400	6,240	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	85	75	10	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	70	60	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	135,020	81,930	53,090	0	0	0
14. Engineering	25	25	0	900,475	723,080	177,395	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	25	20	0	726,155	638,355	87,800	30	25	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	580	190	390	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	703,905	683,060	20,845	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	659,480	640,895	18,590	20	20	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	380,505	363,710	16,795	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	407,545	234,360	173,175	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	262,580	140,520	122,070	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	144,960	93,845	51,115	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	0	30	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	35	10	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	180,785	89,005	91,780	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	30	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	35	10	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,255	1,425	3,825	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	64,030	34,630	29,400	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	0	15	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	15	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	0	15	548,520	151,115	397,410	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	3,965	3,520	445	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	6,900	6,210	690	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	227,835	160,930	66,905	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	219,205	199,190	20,010	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	5,305	1,640	3,665	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	420	200	220	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	320	165	155
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	95	60	35	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	155	90	60
Education	10	0	10	742,175	158,185	583,990	0	0	0
13. Education	10	0	10	742,175	158,185	583,990	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	0	20	490,455	210,500	279,955	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	54,645	38,170	16,475	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	20	0	20	435,815	172,330	263,480	0	0	0
Humanities	20	10	10	649,695	241,235	408,465	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	79,235	16,400	62,835	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	134,815	37,610	97,210	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	216,725	80,505	136,220	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	12,910	4,540	8,370	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	41,640	23,645	17,990	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	48,920	29,245	19,675	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	78,415	40,800	37,615	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	37,045	8,490	28,555	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	50	15	35	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	15	0	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	23,895	5,520	18,370	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	196,475	72,125	124,350	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	270,970	20,095	250,875	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	261,265	82,850	178,420	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	37,830	12,160	25,670	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	249,205	55,840	193,365	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	35	0	25	549,090	254,250	294,840	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	80	20	55	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	45	0	40
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	3,995	1,335	2,665	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	0	213,140	40,230	172,910	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	70	20	55	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	35	0	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	10	513,555	241,780	271,785	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	0	10	227,460	90,390	137,075	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	108,350	48,075	60,280	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	14,270	5,690	8,580	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	140,510	88,540	51,970	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	22,960	9,090	13,870	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	667,305	445,970	221,330	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	554,185	392,835	161,350	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	27,610	4,720	22,885	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	70,940	39,000	31,940	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	14,565	9,415	5,155	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	80	70	10	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	45	40	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	105,845	61,230	44,605	0	0	0
14. Engineering	25	25	0	724,235	568,385	155,850	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	25	20	0	536,600	464,510	72,090	25	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	510	160	350	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	510,105	493,000	17,100	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	467,225	452,385	14,840	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	266,690	253,110	13,585	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	314,120	170,440	143,680	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	199,335	99,700	99,635	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	114,780	70,745	44,040	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	0	25	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	25	15	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	139,280	67,885	71,385	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	0	25	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	25	15	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,430	945	3,485	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	48,115	23,255	24,860	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	10	772,450	399,835	372,615	15	10	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	414,520	112,935	301,590	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	2,955	2,575	375	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	3,850	3,415	435	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	183,025	128,295	54,725	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	168,105	152,620	15,485	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	4,075	1,150	2,930	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	420	200	220	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	320	165	155
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	95	60	35	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	155	90	60
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	325	140	185	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	165	70	95
Location of study inside Canada	290	140	150	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	110	40	70
Same as province or territory of residence	210	95	115	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	65	30	40
Different than province or territory of residence	75	45	30	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	40	15	30
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	40	0	40	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	55	30	25
Americas	20	0	20	483,810	238,040	245,775	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	279,005	143,575	135,435	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	36,400	16,175	20,230	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	8,345	4,275	4,070	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	10,620	5,645	4,970	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	12,780	6,110	6,670	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	40,050	18,445	21,605	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	31,165	13,875	17,295	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,780	3,025	4,750	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	12,655	5,330	7,320	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	45,000	21,575	23,425	0	0	0
Europe	10	0	10	543,725	281,205	262,520	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	7,795	4,260	3,535	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	97,770	53,930	43,840	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	22,450	12,070	10,380	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	10,825	6,065	4,765	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	8,470	4,420	4,050	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	5,160	2,465	2,700	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	9,055	4,165	4,890	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	25,215	11,115	14,100	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	32,250	16,190	16,060	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	36,095	16,250	19,845	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	36,405	16,635	19,775	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	16,040	9,175	6,865	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	151,900	81,980	69,920	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	6,030	2,915	3,115	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	8,895	5,055	3,840	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	8,745	4,470	4,280	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	60,615	30,055	30,560	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	216,815	111,010	105,805	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	33,280	16,395	16,880	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	33,230	17,020	16,210	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	23,640	12,125	11,510	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	12,655	7,100	5,555	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	30,255	15,145	15,115	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	19,060	9,900	9,160	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	64,700	33,325	31,385	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	55	25	25
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	66,630	30,180	36,450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	16,515	8,250	8,265	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	11,355	5,725	5,630	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	19,565	9,355	10,210	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	16,405	7,885	8,520	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	11,855	6,595	5,260	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	201,100	87,370	113,720	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	14,520	4,750	9,770	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	18,325	7,445	10,875	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	18,605	5,280	13,325	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	53,575	20,575	33,000	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	305,795	115,370	190,420	25	10	20
Viet Nam	0	0	0	12,500	4,490	8,005	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	25,000	11,360	13,645	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	15,085	7,090	7,995	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	405,850	199,380	206,475	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	75,155	35,055	40,100	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	64,385	28,650	35,735	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	47,960	24,495	23,460	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	38,525	19,270	19,250	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	7,785	4,300	3,485	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	1,655	930	730	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	550	270	275	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	520	270	255
In the labour force	445	225	220	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	300	175	125
Employed	370	190	180	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	250	150	100
Unemployed	75	35	40	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	45	20	25
Not in the labour force	105	45	55	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	225	95	125
Participation rate	80.9	83.3	80.0	63.7	67.7	59.8	57.7	64.8	49.0
Employment rate	67.3	70.4	65.5	57.1	60.9	53.4	48.1	55.6	39.2
Unemployment rate	16.9	15.6	18.2	10.3	9.9	10.7	15.0	11.4	20.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	550	265	275	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	520	270	250
Did not work¹⁸⁶	120	65	60	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	240	115	120
Worked	425	205	215	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	280	150	130
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	240	135	105	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	160	100	60
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	185	75	110	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	125	55	70
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.2	40.2	41.0	41.7	40.3	41.2	42.8	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	440	225	215	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	300	175	125
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	10	10	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	435	215	215	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	290	165	125
Employee	350	180	170	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	245	130	110
Permanent position	305	165	135	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	215	125	90
Temporary position	45	15	35	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	30	10	20
Fixed term (1 year or more)	25	0	25	867,740	386,965	480,775	10	0	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	20	10	10	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	15	0	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	90	40	50	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	45	35	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	440	225	215	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	300	175	125
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	10	10	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	435	215	215	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	290	165	125
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	20	15	0	254,760	177,450	77,315	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	90	30	55	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	40	0	40
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	80	55	25	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	40	25	15
3 Health occupations	15	0	15	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	20	0	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	50	15	35	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	10	10	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	40	15	25	596,785	275,420	321,360	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	70	30	40	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	70	30	40
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	65	55	15	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	100	85	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	541,235	416,960	124,270	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	857,540	612,415	245,120	10	10	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	440	225	215	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	300	175	125
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	10	10	0
All industries¹⁹¹	435	215	215	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	290	165	125
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	434,800	295,160	139,640	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	10	10	239,030	195,605	43,425	10	10	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	147,750	109,475	38,270	0	0	0
23 Construction	35	30	0	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	60	40	15
31-33 Manufacturing	20	20	0	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	20	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	610,295	406,960	203,335	35	30	0
44-45 Retail trade	20	10	20	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	35	20	20
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	40	15	25	981,030	742,515	238,515	15	15	0
51 Information and cultural industries	20	10	10	400,460	237,940	162,520	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	10	10	0	815,225	358,145	457,080	10	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	20	15	0	343,940	186,230	157,710	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	90	50	45	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	10	10	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	45,455	21,495	23,955	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	0	15	792,600	457,880	334,725	30	0	25
61 Educational services	45	15	25	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	0	0	0
62 Health care and social assistance	25	0	15	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	35	0	30
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	15	10	0	350,710	180,205	170,500	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	25	15	10	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	15	0	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	10	10	797,935	373,775	424,165	0	0	0
91 Public administration	10	0	0	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	455	230	225	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	315	180	135
English	445	230	215	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	285	170	125
French	0	0	0	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	169,205	89,515	79,685	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	6,935	3,590	3,345	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	162,265	85,925	76,345	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	20	570,220	291,000	279,220	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20,935	9,955	10,980	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	69,340	34,190	35,145	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,265	5,960	5,305	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	455	230	225	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	315	180	135
Single responses	455	230	225	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	305	180	130
Official languages	455	230	225	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	300	175	125
English	455	230	225	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	300	175	125
French	0	0	0	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	310,455	161,825	148,635	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	19,435	9,725	9,710	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	765	385	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	190	110	85	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	140	80	65	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	835	435	400	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	825	430	395	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,585	830	755	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	875	490	385	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	695	340	355	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	610	295	320	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	895	410	480	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	890	410	475	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	255	280	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	155	70	90	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	40	0	35	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	291,025	152,095	138,925	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,265	5,300	3,955	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	415	185	235	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	365	155	210	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	8,785	5,080	3,705	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	215	95	120	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	7,190	4,250	2,940	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	460	325	130	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	330	240	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	90	70	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	585	240	340	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,770	4,135	5,635	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	495	215	285	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	9,260	3,905	5,350	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	4,760	2,180	2,580	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	4,205	1,895	2,310	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	390	185	210	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	375	170	205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,410	1,605	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	250	140	110	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	2,685	1,255	1,425	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	112,395	64,055	48,335	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	315	170	140	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	530	295	235	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10,085	4,390	5,695	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	15	75	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	50	10	35	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	10	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	9,995	4,375	5,620	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	75	60	15	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	2,265	1,000	1,265	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	5,240	2,085	3,155	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	835	485	355	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	120	80	40	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	555	310	245	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,265	620	650	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	14,250	8,060	6,190	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10,480	5,695	4,790	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	6,615	3,655	2,970	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,050	520	530	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	3,540	2,245	1,290	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	965	515	440	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	420	140	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	875	445	430	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	55,455	32,965	22,490	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	48,020	28,910	19,100	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	645	290	355	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,115	515	600	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,235	1,145	1,090	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	275	125	145	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	40,840	25,480	15,365	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	25	0	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	105	80	25	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	2,725	1,265	1,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	7,430	4,045	3,385	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	175	145	35	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	7,110	3,825	3,285	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	445	360	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5,715	2,980	2,735	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	595	400	195	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	30,795	17,685	13,105	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,625	730	900	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	6,970	4,070	2,895	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	680	375	310	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	21,455	12,465	8,990	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,560	1,225	2,340	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	14,345	7,125	7,225	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	410	210	200	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	150	95	55	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,010	795	1,210	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,590	620	970	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	285	110	180	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	128,375	64,180	64,190	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	128,045	63,990	64,055	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	76,040	37,760	38,280	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	485	210	270	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	50,950	25,725	25,225	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	460	240	220	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	295	175	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	40	20	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	135	85	50	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	120	80	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	765	310	450	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	670	275	395	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,345	695	650	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	35	15	25	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	1,270	660	615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	485	215	270	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	70	15	50	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	90	25	65	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	453,880	231,205	222,675	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	321,975	163,305	158,675	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	115,955	60,210	55,745	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,280	2,795	3,485	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,405	3,795	3,605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,265	1,100	1,165	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	455	230	225	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	315	180	135
None	445	230	215	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	295	170	130
English	0	0	0	902,625	474,755	427,875	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	589,755	288,955	300,800	0	0	0
Non-official language	20	0	20	331,375	168,035	163,335	15	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	18,190	7,740	10,450	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	0	20	313,185	160,295	152,885	15	10	0
English and French	0	0	0	2,940	1,445	1,495	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	33,125	15,680	17,445	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	22,615	11,475	11,135	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	360	210	150	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	50,740	25,425	25,315	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	370	190	180	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	250	155	100
Worked at home	200	100	100	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	30	10	20
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	58,335	40,295	18,035	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	45	30	20	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	65	50	10
Usual place of work	125	65	65	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	160	90	75
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	125	65	65	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	160	85	75
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	110	50	60	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	145	75	75
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	10	0	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	10	10	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	98,060	60,210	37,850	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	175	90	80	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	220	140	85
Car, truck or van	155	85	70	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	205	130	75
Car, truck or van - as a driver	145	80	65	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	195	130	65
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	844,155	343,100	501,050	10	0	10
Public transit	10	0	0	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	10	0	0
Walked	0	0	0	672,815	296,610	376,205	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	138,615	92,195	46,415	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	285,820	144,225	141,595	10	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	175	90	80	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	220	140	85
Less than 15 minutes	55	20	30	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	30	15	15
15 to 29 minutes	75	40	35	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	125	85	40
30 to 44 minutes	20	0	10	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	40	20	20
45 to 59 minutes	20	20	0	910,610	542,485	368,125	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	926,120	599,115	327,005	25	20	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	175	90	80	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	220	140	85
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	10	0	938,820	701,960	236,865	10	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25	0	15	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	60	55	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	60	35	25	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	60	40	20
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	25	15	15	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	25	10	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	40	20	15	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	25	15	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20	10	10	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	40	20	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	125	70	55	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	120	60	60
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	10	5	897,205	456,120	441,085	10	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	110	65	50	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	110	55	55
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	85	55	35	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	80	45	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	682,190	346,420	335,770	5	5	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	5	467,685	234,475	233,215	5	0	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	0	214,500	111,950	102,550	0	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80	45	30	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	70	35	35

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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