Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48060638More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48060918More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48061674More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	973	...	...	123	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	643	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	320	...	...	61	...	...	638,160	...	...	191	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	274	...	...	50	...	...	604,628	...	...	179	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5,441.8	...	...	1,194.2	...	...	126.1	...	...	5,500.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.18	...	...	0.10	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	0.12	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	975	660	310	125	70	60	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	640	335	305
0 to 14 years	20	10	10	25	15	15	294,075	151,285	142,785	135	70	60
0 to 4 years	10	10	0	5	5	5	89,790	46,155	43,630	35	20	20
5 to 9 years	5	0	5	10	5	5	100,905	51,680	49,225	55	30	30
10 to 14 years	5	5	0	5	5	5	103,380	53,450	49,930	40	25	15
15 to 64 years	765	555	215	80	50	30	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	440	225	215
15 to 19 years	10	5	0	10	10	5	92,025	47,355	44,675	45	20	20
20 to 24 years	65	30	35	5	5	0	91,515	47,260	44,260	45	25	25
25 to 29 years	80	50	35	5	0	0	101,235	50,320	50,915	35	20	15
30 to 34 years	110	75	35	15	5	5	123,235	60,255	62,980	55	25	30
35 to 39 years	100	80	20	10	5	10	132,045	64,950	67,095	50	20	25
40 to 44 years	75	65	15	5	5	5	121,735	60,110	61,625	50	20	25
45 to 49 years	75	60	15	10	5	0	111,345	55,485	55,860	55	30	25
50 to 54 years	65	50	15	10	0	5	103,325	51,835	51,490	35	20	10
55 to 59 years	70	60	15	5	5	0	101,580	50,260	51,320	45	20	25
60 to 64 years	110	90	25	10	5	0	96,735	47,710	49,020	35	15	15
65 years and over	190	95	90	15	5	15	221,795	103,495	118,300	70	35	35
65 to 69 years	80	45	35	10	5	5	78,095	38,250	39,845	30	15	15
70 to 74 years	50	30	20	5	0	5	58,785	28,310	30,475	20	10	10
75 to 79 years	25	15	15	0	0	0	36,570	17,235	19,340	10	5	5
80 to 84 years	25	5	15	0	0	0	23,750	10,405	13,350	0	0	0
85 years and over	15	5	5	0	0	0	24,595	9,300	15,290	5	5	5
85 to 89 years	10	5	5	0	0	0	15,285	6,230	9,050	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	2.1	1.5	3.2	20.0	21.4	25.0	18.5	19.1	17.8	21.1	20.9	19.7
15 to 64 years	78.5	84.1	69.4	64.0	71.4	50.0	67.6	67.8	67.4	68.8	67.2	70.5
65 years and over	19.5	14.4	29.0	12.0	7.1	25.0	13.9	13.1	14.8	10.9	10.4	11.5
85 years and over	1.5	0.8	1.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.5	1.2	1.9	0.8	1.5	1.6
Average age of the population	47.8	47.4	48.6	38.0	37.5	38.0	38.9	38.3	39.6	36.3	36.2	36.4
Median age of the population	46.8	46.8	46.8	38.0	39.2	38.0	38.4	38.0	39.2	36.0	35.2	36.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	275	...	...	50	...	...	604,630	...	...	180	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	351,925	...	...	155	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	39,065	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	40	...	...	57,180	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	0	...	...	21,855	...	...	20	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	5	...	...	89,225	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	270	...	...	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	275	...	...	50	...	...	604,630	...	...	180	...	...
1 person	200	...	...	15	...	...	151,770	...	...	15	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	15	...	...	196,980	...	...	35	...	...
3 persons	15	...	...	5	...	...	96,165	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	0	...	...	5	...	...	97,780	...	...	50	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	5	...	...	61,930	...	...	40	...	...
Number of persons in private households	375	185	190	125	70	60	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	640	335	305
Average household size	1.4	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	955	650	305	95	55	40	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	515	260	250
Married or living common-law	140	80	60	40	20	20	773,480	387,015	386,465	325	170	155
Married	115	65	50	20	10	15	657,160	328,650	328,510	290	150	140
Living common-law	25	15	15	15	5	5	116,320	58,365	57,960	30	15	15
Living common law - Never married	25	15	15	10	5	5	87,265	43,935	43,330	25	10	15
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	0	0	0	5	0	5	23,185	11,490	11,690	5	0	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	815	570	245	60	35	20	523,090	252,020	271,065	190	95	90
Not married and not living common law - Never married	615	470	140	40	30	10	364,145	197,890	166,255	150	80	70
Not married and not living common law - Separated	85	60	25	5	0	0	29,375	12,665	16,710	5	0	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	70	30	35	10	5	0	79,920	30,945	48,970	15	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	50	5	40	5	0	5	49,640	10,520	39,125	20	5	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	55	...	...	30	...	...	438,900	...	...	170	...	...
2 persons	40	...	...	15	...	...	204,395	...	...	55	...	...
3 persons	10	...	...	5	...	...	94,815	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	5	...	...	5	...	...	97,660	...	...	55	...	...
5 or more persons	0	...	...	5	...	...	42,025	...	...	20	...	...
Average size of census families	2.4	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.3	...	...	2.0	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	30	...	...	438,900	...	...	165	...	...
Total couple families	50	...	...	20	...	...	377,050	...	...	150	...	...
Married couples	35	...	...	10	...	...	318,890	...	...	130	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	5	...	...	190,345	...	...	95	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	0	...	...	128,545	...	...	40	...	...
Common-law couples	10	...	...	5	...	...	58,160	...	...	15	...	...
With children⁶	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,165	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	5	...	...	38,995	...	...	10	...	...
Total one-parent families	5	...	...	10	...	...	61,850	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5	...	...	10	...	...	47,785	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	0	...	...	5	...	...	14,065	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	375	180	195	125	70	55	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	640	335	310
Total - Persons in census families	130	60	65	80	40	45	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	560	285	275
Married spouses or common-law partners	90	45	45	35	20	20	754,090	377,085	377,010	295	145	150
Parents in one-parent families	5	0	5	10	0	10	61,855	14,065	47,790	20	5	15
Children⁶	30	15	15	40	25	15	492,710	260,395	232,315	240	135	110
In a two-parent family	25	15	10	20	15	10	396,580	208,580	188,000	205	110	95
In a one-parent family	5	0	5	20	15	5	96,130	51,815	44,315	40	20	20
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	250	125	125	40	25	15	263,280	130,670	132,615	85	50	30
Living alone	200	100	95	15	10	5	151,765	71,605	80,165	10	10	5
Living with other relatives⁷	20	5	10	5	5	0	40,060	17,085	22,975	30	10	15
Living with non-relatives only	30	15	20	20	15	10	71,460	41,975	29,480	45	25	20
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	270	...	...	50	...	...	604,630	...	...	175	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	50	...	...	20	...	...	375,185	...	...	115	...	...
Couple-family households	40	...	...	15	...	...	328,515	...	...	105	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	5	...	...	182,665	...	...	75	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	10	...	...	145,845	...	...	25	...	...
One-parent-family households	5	...	...	5	...	...	46,670	...	...	10	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	0	...	...	20,165	...	...	20	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,730	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	0	...	...	22,485	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	10	...	...	30,295	...	...	15	...	...
One-person households	200	...	...	15	...	...	151,765	...	...	15	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	360	175	185	100	55	45	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	510	265	250
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	340	165	175	x	x	x	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	480	245	235
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,000	26,000	24,800	x	x	x	44,800	52,400	39,200	34,800	38,400	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	340	165	175	x	x	x	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	480	245	235
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,000	25,800	24,600	x	x	x	40,400	46,000	36,000	31,400	35,600	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	210	105	105	x	x	x	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	400	215	185
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	19,600	27,400	18,400	x	x	x	40,800	50,000	32,400	28,000	35,200	22,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	165	85	80	x	x	x	922,195	474,800	447,395	355	190	165
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,600	34,000	20,000	x	x	x	42,400	50,800	34,800	30,000	35,200	27,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	315	155	160	x	x	x	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	435	220	215
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	16,800	16,000	17,400	x	x	x	7,600	5,600	9,100	10,400	9,100	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25	15	10	x	x	x	136,975	64,415	72,555	80	40	45
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	x	x	x	x	x	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,960	6,320	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95	50	50	x	x	x	384,535	184,820	199,710	195	105	90
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,000	x	x	x	8,000	8,000	8,500	9,500	9,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	385	195	190	75	45	35	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	465	250	215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	370	190	180	x	x	x	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	455	240	215
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,400	40,400	34,400	x	x	x	65,500	78,400	52,850	43,200	46,000	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	370	190	180	x	x	x	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	455	240	215
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,400	35,200	31,400	x	x	x	53,050	61,750	44,560	38,200	40,000	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	245	120	125	x	x	x	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	365	205	155
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,000	32,500	x	x	x	62,300	76,300	48,160	38,800	40,400	37,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	210	95	110	x	x	x	922,200	475,075	447,125	345	190	145
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	46,000	30,000	x	x	x	60,800	73,200	47,640	37,600	37,600	37,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	355	185	170	x	x	x	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	400	200	195
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,750	14,800	12,600	x	x	x	10,020	8,930	11,050	13,650	12,900	14,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45	30	0	x	x	x	136,685	64,550	72,135	80	45	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800	7,600	...	x	x	x	7,070	6,620	7,480	7,000	7,600	6,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	120	70	50	x	x	x	383,100	184,610	198,485	195	120	75
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	10,400	10,400	x	x	x	9,270	9,160	9,380	10,900	10,200	12,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	385	190	190	80	45	35	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	470	250	215
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	90	55	30	x	x	x	432,255	245,295	186,965	110	45	60
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	41,600	52,400	x	x	x	x	73,000	80,000	65,000	56,000	62,800	46,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	52,000	62,000	36,000	x	x	x	94,000	107,000	76,900	54,000	64,000	46,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	90	35	60	x	x	x	374,345	173,060	201,290	170	105	65
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	x	18,400	x	x	x	20,400	23,400	18,400	22,400	26,600	22,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	24,000	25,000	x	x	x	33,960	40,480	28,360	28,200	28,800	27,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	65.0	64.0	66.0	x	x	x	86.6	90.2	81.4	72.0	76.0	68.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.0	58.0	54.0	x	x	x	70.6	74.0	65.6	66.0	67.0	64.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	35.2	36.0	34.0	x	x	x	13.4	9.8	18.5	27.8	24.0	32.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	2.8	x	x	x	x	1.2	0.9	1.7	2.8	3.0	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	10.4	11.2	9.6	x	x	x	5.0	3.9	6.5	11.9	12.4	11.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	9.2	10.0	8.5	x	x	x	4.5	3.6	5.7	11.0	11.6	10.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	360	170	185	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	515	260	250
Without total income	20	10	10	x	x	x	63,430	30,900	32,525	35	15	15
With total income	335	160	170	x	x	x	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	475	250	230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45	15	30	x	x	x	107,500	44,415	63,085	45	25	25
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	25	x	x	x	115,465	47,780	67,690	65	20	40
$20,000 to $29,999	130	70	65	x	x	x	178,230	78,800	99,430	110	55	50
$30,000 to $39,999	40	15	25	x	x	x	142,910	61,170	81,740	65	25	35
$40,000 to $49,999	20	5	15	x	x	x	122,655	55,960	66,690	60	35	25
$50,000 to $59,999	20	15	0	x	x	x	101,530	48,280	53,245	45	15	25
$60,000 to $69,999	10	10	0	x	x	x	85,080	42,725	42,355	35	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	0	x	x	x	68,705	36,885	31,825	20	15	5
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	5	x	x	x	53,900	30,515	23,385	10	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	x	x	x	45,345	25,570	19,775	5	10	0
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	x	x	x	193,625	128,165	65,460	20	15	5
$100,000 to $149,999	5	5	0	x	x	x	113,250	69,295	43,955	20	15	5
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	x	x	x	80,375	58,870	21,505	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	360	170	185	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	515	260	250
Without after-tax income	20	10	10	x	x	x	62,710	30,505	32,210	35	15	15
With after-tax income	335	160	170	x	x	x	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	475	250	230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45	15	30	x	x	x	112,205	46,185	66,020	50	25	25
$10,000 to $19,999	45	20	25	x	x	x	120,545	50,115	70,430	65	25	40
$20,000 to $29,999	130	65	65	x	x	x	201,940	89,680	112,255	110	55	55
$30,000 to $39,999	50	20	30	x	x	x	166,565	73,405	93,160	70	30	40
$40,000 to $49,999	20	15	10	x	x	x	143,135	67,430	75,705	70	40	30
$50,000 to $59,999	20	15	5	x	x	x	114,565	57,190	57,380	50	25	20
$60,000 to $69,999	10	5	0	x	x	x	87,375	47,045	40,330	30	15	10
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	10	x	x	x	65,115	36,810	28,305	10	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	x	x	x	51,690	28,935	22,760	10	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	x	x	x	35,160	21,215	13,945	10	10	0
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	x	x	x	117,360	82,665	34,700	10	10	0
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	x	x	x	48,950	32,240	16,710	10	5	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	x	x	x	68,410	50,430	17,985	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	360	170	185	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	515	260	250
Without employment income	190	90	105	x	x	x	356,175	156,380	199,795	160	70	85
With employment income	165	85	80	x	x	x	922,200	474,800	447,395	355	195	160
Under $5,000 (including loss)	30	15	10	x	x	x	116,020	54,130	61,895	45	25	20
$5,000 to $9,999	15	5	10	x	x	x	73,350	31,190	42,165	30	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	30	10	20	x	x	x	101,970	44,705	57,260	60	30	30
$20,000 to $29,999	20	10	10	x	x	x	78,390	35,640	42,745	40	20	25
$30,000 to $39,999	15	0	10	x	x	x	73,695	34,455	39,235	35	20	15
$40,000 to $49,999	15	5	5	x	x	x	71,335	34,515	36,815	40	20	20
$50,000 to $59,999	15	10	5	x	x	x	67,050	32,805	34,245	30	15	15
$60,000 to $69,999	5	0	0	x	x	x	60,120	30,900	29,220	30	15	10
$70,000 to $79,999	5	5	0	x	x	x	49,420	27,665	21,750	15	20	0
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	5	x	x	x	40,555	23,400	17,160	10	0	5
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	x	x	x	37,010	20,630	16,375	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	x	x	x	153,280	104,755	48,525	10	10	0
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	x	x	x	61,175	36,970	24,210	5	5	0
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	x	x	x	92,100	67,780	24,320	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	360	175	185	100	55	45	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	510	265	250
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	335	165	170	x	x	x	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	460	235	225
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	23,200	23,800	22,800	x	x	x	44,400	53,200	37,600	34,800	40,800	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	335	165	170	x	x	x	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	460	235	225
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	23,000	23,800	22,600	x	x	x	40,000	46,400	34,400	31,400	37,600	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	210	110	100	x	x	x	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	385	200	180
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	20,800	25,200	17,000	x	x	x	43,600	52,800	35,600	35,200	41,600	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	160	85	75	x	x	x	923,490	475,205	448,285	350	185	160
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	32,400	22,000	x	x	x	44,800	53,600	37,600	35,200	42,000	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	310	155	155	x	x	x	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	405	210	200
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,400	2,500	8,300	x	x	x	1,190	960	3,040	1,920	1,160	5,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15	5	5	x	x	x	85,480	38,765	46,720	35	20	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	x	x	x	6,450	5,680	7,200	7,850	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	385	195	190	75	45	35	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	465	250	215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	375	185	190	x	x	x	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	435	220	215
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,700	29,600	25,800	x	x	x	65,500	80,000	51,400	41,000	43,600	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	375	185	190	x	x	x	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	435	220	215
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,600	27,200	24,000	x	x	x	52,650	62,600	43,000	36,000	37,600	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	255	125	130	x	x	x	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	360	185	170
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	30,000	27,200	x	x	x	65,600	80,800	50,200	42,800	46,000	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	215	105	110	x	x	x	923,490	475,385	448,110	355	180	170
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	34,500	24,400	x	x	x	64,100	77,600	49,760	41,800	45,200	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	345	175	170	x	x	x	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	390	190	205
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,040	9,700	8,300	x	x	x	6,130	5,076	7,130	5,680	4,520	6,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	0	0	0	x	x	x	84,820	38,275	46,545	30	20	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	...	...	...	x	x	x	8,200	7,120	9,080	8,500	9,000	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	385	190	190	80	45	35	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	470	250	215
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	90	55	30	x	x	x	428,265	243,165	185,105	115	50	65
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	34,800	40,400	x	x	x	x	70,500	78,500	62,000	46,000	57,600	41,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	35,500	38,000	30,000	x	x	x	92,000	105,800	74,000	52,000	60,000	46,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	90	35	60	x	x	x	353,070	163,500	189,570	160	95	65
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	x	14,100	x	x	x	28,800	33,200	25,600	36,800	40,000	34,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	34,000	19,000	x	x	x	43,720	53,050	35,720	39,500	41,000	36,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	70.0	68.0	72.0	x	x	x	92.0	94.6	88.2	87.0	92.0	84.0
Employment income (%)	61.0	66.0	56.0	x	x	x	76.2	78.8	72.2	84.0	86.0	82.0
Government transfers (%)	30.2	31.2	28.8	x	x	x	7.9	5.3	11.9	12.7	9.0	16.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	0.9	0.6	1.4	1.4	2.0	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	275	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...	180	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	28,000	...	...	x	...	...	100,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	28,000	...	...	x	...	...	87,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	200	...	...	x	...	...	151,765	...	...	15	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	25,200	...	...	x	...	...	50,400	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	25,000	...	...	x	...	...	44,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	75	...	...	x	...	...	452,860	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	49,200	...	...	x	...	...	120,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	47,200	...	...	x	...	...	104,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	295	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...	175	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	x	...	...	131,600	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	x	...	...	106,600	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	230	...	...	x	...	...	151,830	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	x	...	...	67,800	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	x	...	...	55,250	...	...	50,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	x	...	...	452,795	...	...	160	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	x	...	...	152,800	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	x	...	...	123,800	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	275	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...	180	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	x	...	...	6,730	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	3,245	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	4,475	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	6,245	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	65	...	...	x	...	...	16,055	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	35	...	...	x	...	...	16,860	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	14,380	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	16,415	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	17,790	...	...	0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	17,750	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	36,405	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	37,740	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	37,230	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	35,705	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	34,355	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	15	...	...	x	...	...	303,255	...	...	90	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	74,975	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	58,215	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	76,310	...	...	20	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	x	...	...	93,755	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	275	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...	180	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	x	...	...	7,625	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	3,380	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	4,615	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	6,745	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	65	...	...	x	...	...	17,335	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	40	...	...	x	...	...	19,015	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	16,770	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	19,345	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	21,320	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	21,155	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	44,695	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	45,520	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	44,095	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	42,705	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	38,715	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	5	...	...	x	...	...	251,600	...	...	75	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	78,970	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	56,565	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	0	...	...	x	...	...	116,060	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	60	...	...	x	...	...	431,155	...	...	155	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	x	...	...	120,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	x	...	...	103,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.4	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	x	...	...	151,045	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	x	...	...	107,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	x	...	...	92,000	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	x	...	...	209,715	...	...	100	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	144,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	123,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...	4.4	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5	...	...	x	...	...	56,700	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	75,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	68,500	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.0	...	...	3.2	...	...	2.7	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	230	115	115	40	20	10	223,225	113,580	109,645	55	40	20
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	25,400	26,400	24,800	x	x	x	44,400	46,000	43,200	28,000	28,000	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	25,000	26,000	24,800	x	x	x	40,000	40,800	38,800	25,600	25,600	x
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	60	...	...	x	...	...	431,010	...	...	160	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	x	...	...	153,400	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	x	...	...	123,800	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	x	...	...	151,205	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	x	...	...	141,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	x	...	...	113,400	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	x	...	...	209,670	...	...	100	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	x	...	...	180,800	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	144,600	...	...	106,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	x	...	...	56,445	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	x	...	...	90,200	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	x	...	...	78,200	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	255	130	125	35	25	0	223,320	113,715	109,605	50	35	0
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	41,000	36,500	x	x	x	60,050	61,950	58,050	44,000	44,000	x
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,500	33,000	x	x	x	49,640	50,640	48,560	37,000	38,000	x
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	375	185	190	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	645	335	305
0 to 17 years	20	10	10	x	x	x	349,785	179,925	169,860	160	85	70
0 to 5 years	10	5	5	x	x	x	109,785	56,290	53,495	45	25	25
18 to 64 years	230	115	115	x	x	x	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	415	215	200
65 years and over	125	55	70	x	x	x	209,135	99,390	109,740	70	35	35
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	175	80	95	x	x	x	134,160	64,550	69,610	55	30	25
0 to 17 years	5	0	0	x	x	x	35,370	18,260	17,110	20	15	15
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,490	5,880	5,610	5	5	10
18 to 64 years	75	35	35	x	x	x	78,110	37,880	40,225	30	10	10
65 years and over	90	40	50	x	x	x	20,680	8,400	12,270	5	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	46.8	45.0	49.0	x	x	x	8.5	8.3	8.8	8.8	9.0	8.5
0 to 17 years (%)	20.0	x	x	x	x	x	10.1	10.2	10.1	15.0	14.0	16.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5	20.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	34.0	32.0	34.0	x	x	x	7.7	7.5	7.9	6.4	7.0	6.0
65 years and over (%)	76.0	78.0	74.0	x	x	x	9.9	8.5	11.2	8.0	10.0	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	375	180	195	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	640	340	310
0 to 17 years	25	15	5	x	x	x	349,790	179,930	169,855	155	85	75
0 to 5 years	10	10	0	x	x	x	109,785	56,290	53,500	50	25	20
18 to 64 years	230	120	110	x	x	x	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	415	215	200
65 years and over	125	55	70	x	x	x	209,130	99,390	109,740	70	40	30
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	75	40	40	x	x	x	81,680	42,310	39,370	30	15	15
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	x	x	x	18,085	9,305	8,780	10	0	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,625	2,890	2,730	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	55	25	30	x	x	x	57,155	29,990	27,170	25	15	10
65 years and over	20	10	15	x	x	x	6,440	3,015	3,420	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	21.0	20.0	21.0	x	x	x	5.2	5.4	5.0	5.2	5.0	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	5.2	5.2	5.2	6.0	x	8.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	24.0	22.0	24.0	x	x	x	5.6	6.0	5.3	6.0	6.0	6.0
65 years and over (%)	18.0	20.0	16.0	x	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	375	185	190	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	640	335	305
In bottom half of the distribution	330	160	175	x	x	x	673,690	328,825	344,865	400	210	185
In bottom decile	130	55	75	x	x	x	124,250	62,485	61,770	55	25	25
In second decile	105	50	50	x	x	x	132,700	62,320	70,380	85	45	35
In third decile	35	15	25	x	x	x	133,855	64,900	68,960	75	40	30
In fourth decile	35	15	15	x	x	x	138,980	68,120	70,855	110	60	50
In fifth decile	30	20	10	x	x	x	143,905	71,000	72,900	80	40	40
In top half of the distribution	50	25	20	x	x	x	898,245	453,385	444,865	245	125	120
In sixth decile	10	10	5	x	x	x	150,845	75,135	75,710	55	30	30
In seventh decile	10	10	0	x	x	x	155,985	78,075	77,910	75	45	35
In eighth decile	15	0	15	x	x	x	164,975	82,995	81,980	65	30	35
In ninth decile	0	0	0	x	x	x	181,315	91,520	89,795	30	10	15
In top decile	10	10	0	x	x	x	245,130	125,660	119,470	20	10	10
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	375	...	...	x	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	640	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.364	...	...	x	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.257	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.660	...	...	x	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.394	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.328	...	...	x	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.232	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.5	...	...	x	...	...	4.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	375	180	195	120	65	55	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	640	340	310
English only	325	160	170	115	65	55	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	575	305	270
French only	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	425	555	0	0	0
English and French	30	20	15	5	0	5	103,090	47,140	55,945	15	10	5
Neither English nor French	20	5	10	0	0	0	34,235	13,810	20,420	55	20	30
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	375	180	195	120	65	55	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	640	340	310
English	345	175	175	125	65	55	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	580	310	275
French	10	5	5	0	0	0	20,675	10,250	10,425	5	5	5
English and French	5	0	0	0	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	20	5	10	0	0	0	33,340	13,355	19,985	55	20	30
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	375	180	195	120	65	55	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	640	340	310
Single responses	355	175	180	115	65	50	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	595	310	285
Official languages	195	110	85	95	55	40	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	285	150	140
English	190	105	85	95	55	40	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	280	145	135
French	5	5	5	0	0	0	20,090	9,970	10,115	5	5	5
Non-official languages	160	65	100	20	5	10	415,050	198,790	216,260	310	165	150
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0	0	0	645	270	380	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	160	60	95	15	5	10	414,405	198,525	215,885	310	165	150
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	35,495	18,255	17,240	15	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	5	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	5	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	32,085	16,545	15,535	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	5	0	5
Arabic	0	0	0	5	0	5	21,355	11,215	10,145	5	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	14,785	6,645	8,140	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	10	0	0	0	13,810	6,185	7,625	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	10	20	0	0	0	55,755	24,650	31,110	20	5	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	415	555	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	20	0	0	0	45,300	20,005	25,290	20	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	10	5	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	15	5	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	10	5	5
Tamil	10	10	5	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	5	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	25	30	10	5	5	203,750	100,055	103,695	250	135	110
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	5	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	30,225	13,960	16,270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	29,740	13,735	16,005	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,540	4,050	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	435	460	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,580	8,490	9,090	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	10	15	5	5	5	106,625	53,665	52,955	240	130	110
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	20	5	5	5	93,240	46,930	46,305	235	125	105
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	10	5	5
Gujarati	5	0	5	0	0	0	6,565	3,380	3,180	10	5	5
Hindi	5	5	0	0	0	0	8,495	4,290	4,205	10	5	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	15	5	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,105	24,690	24,420	165	90	75
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	0	0	0
Urdu	15	5	10	0	0	0	17,875	8,975	8,905	30	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,350	6,720	6,630	5	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,100	5,080	5,020	5	5	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	5	5	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	10	0	0	0	45,970	22,265	23,700	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	10	0	0	0	32,170	15,475	16,695	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5	0	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	20	0	0	0	68,720	31,925	36,790	5	5	5
Chinese languages	25	10	20	0	0	0	67,430	31,300	36,130	5	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0	0	0	31,950	14,765	17,190	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10	0	0	0	32,755	15,315	17,435	5	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	220	245	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	10	10	10	5	10	73,050	35,515	37,535	45	25	20
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	10	5	10	58,650	28,715	29,930	40	20	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	5,680	2,595	3,085	5	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	375	180	195	120	65	55	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	640	340	310
English	210	120	85	105	60	45	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	260	135	130
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390	0	0	0
Non-official language	40	10	30	5	0	0	127,600	60,835	66,760	140	75	65
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	40	10	30	5	0	0	127,540	60,810	66,730	140	75	65
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,755	6,925	7,835	5	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	120	50	65	20	10	10	306,635	148,985	157,650	230	125	105
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	12,395	5,820	6,575	15	5	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	375	180	195	120	65	55	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	640	340	310
Single responses	355	170	180	120	65	55	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	585	310	275
Official languages	265	145	125	110	60	50	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	320	170	155
English	265	145	120	110	60	50	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	320	170	155
French	5	0	0	0	0	0	7,230	3,560	3,665	0	0	0
Non-official languages	90	30	60	10	5	5	259,415	125,675	133,740	265	140	125
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	30	60	10	5	5	259,295	125,620	133,675	265	140	125
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	22,515	11,260	11,260	5	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	5	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	5	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	20,280	10,165	10,115	5	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	5	0	5
Arabic	0	0	0	5	0	5	12,825	6,490	6,335	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	9,940	4,535	5,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0	0	0	9,395	4,280	5,110	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	35,275	16,595	18,675	15	5	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	10	0	0	0	29,630	13,885	15,750	15	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	15	5	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	10	25	10	5	5	122,940	60,715	62,220	220	115	100
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	14,005	6,710	7,295	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	13,790	6,605	7,190	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	375	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	470	515	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	10	20	0	5	0	79,180	39,590	39,590	215	115	95
Indo-Aryan languages	30	10	20	0	5	0	70,335	35,225	35,110	210	115	100
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	10	5	5
Gujarati	5	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045	10	5	0
Hindi	0	5	5	0	0	0	5,510	2,770	2,740	5	0	5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	15	5	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,675	20,425	20,245	140	75	65
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0
Urdu	15	5	10	0	5	0	12,930	6,420	6,510	35	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,825	4,360	4,475	5	5	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,765	3,325	3,435	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	5	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	10	0	0	0	25,440	12,340	13,100	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	10	0	0	0	19,825	9,605	10,215	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	10	10	5	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	15	0	0	0	47,945	22,570	25,375	5	5	5
Chinese languages	15	0	15	0	0	0	47,025	22,110	24,915	5	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0	0	0	23,970	11,440	12,530	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0	0	0	21,815	10,130	11,685	0	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	10	10	5	0	5	75,555	36,865	38,685	55	25	30
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	5	0	5	69,995	34,230	35,770	55	25	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	375	180	195	125	70	55	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	640	335	305
None	270	145	125	115	65	55	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	440	225	215
English	40	20	25	5	5	0	104,745	51,660	53,085	95	50	45
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,450	5,290	6,160	5	5	5
Non-official language	50	20	30	5	0	0	127,610	60,685	66,920	90	50	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	50	20	30	5	0	0	126,970	60,410	66,565	90	50	40
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0	0	0	16,885	8,395	8,490	15	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	10	0	0	0	14,095	6,810	7,285	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	410	205	210	120	50	65	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	595	320	280
Official languages	405	195	205	120	50	65	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	540	295	245
English	405	195	205	120	50	65	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	540	295	245
French	40	25	15	0	0	0	103,915	47,090	56,830	15	15	0
Non-official languages	220	95	125	30	15	15	562,910	270,945	291,960	420	220	200
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	215	90	125	30	15	15	561,340	270,320	291,010	420	220	200
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	54,595	28,250	26,345	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	50,645	26,150	24,495	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	0	0	0	0	35,250	18,505	16,750	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0	20,885	9,635	11,250	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0	0	0	19,415	8,900	10,515	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	10	15	0	0	0	76,815	33,930	42,890	50	15	35
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	10	0	10
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	15	0	0	0	72,900	32,140	40,755	50	15	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	35	25	30	15	15	286,570	140,880	145,685	345	195	150
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,905	17,730	20,175	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,610	17,610	20,005	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	15	0	0	0	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	10	20	10	10	143,590	72,720	70,870	340	190	145
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	10	20	10	10	128,685	65,260	63,425	325	175	145
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	45	20	20
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0
Hindi	25	10	10	0	0	0	45,340	22,980	22,370	45	25	25
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,525	34,920	33,610	225	115	100
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	20	10	10	31,710	16,195	15,515	55	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570	20	20	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	20	20	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	20	20	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	0	0	0	0	80,155	38,210	41,945	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	0	0	0	0	60,770	28,640	32,125	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0
Korean	30	10	20	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	0	15	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	10	25	0	0	0	82,875	39,220	43,660	0	0	0
Chinese languages	35	10	25	0	0	0	81,080	38,330	42,750	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	0	20	0	0	0	46,460	21,635	24,825	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0	0	0	42,910	20,105	22,800	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	415	200	210	115	50	65	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	595	315	275
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15	10	10	25	15	10	53,700	25,250	28,450	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15	10	10	25	15	10	51,520	24,220	27,300	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	25	15	10	22,470	10,235	12,230	0	0	0
Métis	15	0	10	0	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	395	195	200	95	35	55	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	575	310	275
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	415	200	210	115	50	65	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	595	315	275
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	10	0	0	17,145	7,900	9,240	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	410	195	210	105	45	60	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	590	315	275
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	295	...	...	45	...	...	604,630	...	...	175	...	...
Owner	45	...	...	0	...	...	431,680	...	...	135	...	...
Renter	255	...	...	45	...	...	172,945	...	...	40	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	295	...	...	45	...	...	604,630	...	...	175	...	...
Condominium	165	...	...	10	...	...	138,505	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	130	...	...	35	...	...	466,125	...	...	170	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	295	...	...	45	...	...	604,630	...	...	175	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	170	...	...	0	...	...	63,480	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	100	...	...	20	...	...	132,670	...	...	20	...	...
3 bedrooms	0	...	...	25	...	...	208,570	...	...	70	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	196,735	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	295	...	...	45	...	...	604,630	...	...	175	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	295	...	...	15	...	...	168,320	...	...	30	...	...
5 rooms	0	...	...	20	...	...	92,700	...	...	35	...	...
6 rooms	0	...	...	10	...	...	85,005	...	...	25	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	74,790	...	...	40	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	183,815	...	...	45	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	2.8	...	...	5.0	...	...	6.3	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	295	...	...	45	...	...	604,630	...	...	175	...	...
One person or fewer per room	280	...	...	40	...	...	587,240	...	...	170	...	...
More than one person per room	15	...	...	0	...	...	17,390	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	295	...	...	45	...	...	604,630	...	...	175	...	...
Suitable	280	...	...	40	...	...	576,220	...	...	165	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	0	...	...	28,410	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	295	...	...	45	...	...	604,630	...	...	175	...	...
1960 or before	15	...	...	10	...	...	48,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	90	...	...	35	...	...	146,775	...	...	45	...	...
1981 to 1990	20	...	...	0	...	...	67,920	...	...	105	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	0	...	...	93,515	...	...	20	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	63,060	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	64,550	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	30	...	...	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	140	...	...	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	295	...	...	45	...	...	604,630	...	...	175	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	280	...	...	45	...	...	578,295	...	...	170	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	0	...	...	26,340	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	295	...	...	45	...	...	604,630	...	...	175	...	...
One-maintainer household	270	...	...	30	...	...	286,505	...	...	60	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25	...	...	15	...	...	282,890	...	...	80	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,230	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	295	...	...	45	...	...	604,630	...	...	175	...	...
15 to 24 years	15	...	...	0	...	...	15,275	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	105	...	...	10	...	...	95,360	...	...	20	...	...
35 to 44 years	40	...	...	10	...	...	132,875	...	...	35	...	...
45 to 54 years	10	...	...	10	...	...	121,200	...	...	30	...	...
55 to 64 years	25	...	...	15	...	...	114,325	...	...	50	...	...
65 to 74 years	85	...	...	0	...	...	78,705	...	...	30	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	0	...	...	34,680	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	290	...	...	x	...	...	599,605	...	...	175	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	190	...	...	x	...	...	466,085	...	...	145	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	100	...	...	x	...	...	133,520	...	...	30	...	...
30% to less than 100%	95	...	...	x	...	...	119,800	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	295	...	...	45	...	...	604,630	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	15	...	...	174,520	...	...	50	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	90	...	...	15	...	...	121,340	...	...	30	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	0	...	...	22,225	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	15	...	...	0	...	...	17,480	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	170	...	...	30	...	...	430,110	...	...	125	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	290	...	...	x	...	...	585,885	...	...	175	...	...
In core need	90	...	...	x	...	...	55,440	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	200	...	...	x	...	...	530,445	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40	...	...	0	...	...	429,490	...	...	140	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	87.5	...	...	...	...	...	65.7	...	...	71.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	x	...	...	17.4	...	...	17.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	...	...	...	...	...	1,740	...	...	1,680	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,480	...	...	...	...	...	1,792	...	...	1,600	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	266,000	...	...	...	...	...	452,000	...	...	376,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	...	...	...	529,500	...	...	390,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	260	...	...	45	...	...	172,840	...	...	35	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	46.2	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.0	...	...	x	...	...	34.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	30.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	20.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	770	...	...	1,300	...	...	1,350	...	...	1,290	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,300	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	x	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	415	200	210	120	55	65	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	595	315	275
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	10	0	10	20	10	10	17,860	8,295	9,570	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	10	0	0	20	10	10	17,385	8,070	9,315	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	15	10	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,230	22,330	24,905	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,875	21,725	24,145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	400	200	200	90	35	55	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	580	305	270
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	410	205	210	120	55	70	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	590	315	280
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	280	155	125	100	40	60	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	460	240	215
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15	10	0	35	0	30	325,765	167,940	157,820	115	60	50
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	265	145	125	65	35	30	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	345	180	160
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	130	50	85	20	10	10	174,615	83,940	90,680	135	75	65
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	410	205	210	120	55	70	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	590	315	280
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	155	90	65	85	35	55	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	250	145	105
Immigrants⁸¹	205	95	110	30	15	10	473,580	227,640	245,935	315	150	160
Before 1980	25	10	15	10	0	0	56,750	27,435	29,320	20	0	15
1980 to 1990	15	10	0	0	0	0	44,975	21,950	23,020	50	30	15
1991 to 2000	25	0	25	0	0	0	67,220	32,280	34,935	85	45	40
2001 to 2010	65	40	30	0	0	0	127,170	61,140	66,030	45	20	25
2011 to 2021⁸²	80	35	45	0	0	0	177,465	84,835	92,630	115	50	65
2011 to 2015	15	10	10	0	0	0	89,810	43,015	46,795	55	20	30
2016 to 2021	65	25	35	0	0	0	87,650	41,815	45,835	60	35	30
Non-permanent residents⁸³	55	20	40	0	0	0	28,410	14,945	13,470	35	20	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	205	100	110	30	15	10	473,580	227,640	245,935	310	150	165
Under 5 years	35	20	10	15	10	0	41,205	20,985	20,220	15	0	15
5 to 14 years	45	25	15	0	0	0	79,795	41,370	38,425	40	25	20
15 to 24 years	20	15	0	0	0	0	82,830	37,905	44,930	65	30	40
25 to 44 years	80	20	60	10	10	0	223,080	105,885	117,190	160	85	75
45 years and over	25	15	15	0	0	0	46,670	21,495	25,170	30	10	20
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	205	100	110	30	15	10	473,580	227,640	245,935	310	150	165
Americas	40	25	15	0	0	0	50,280	23,315	26,970	20	10	15
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	10	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	15	0	0
Europe	30	15	15	10	0	0	83,855	41,815	42,040	20	10	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0	0	0	27,675	14,575	13,095	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	0	0	0
Africa	35	15	20	0	0	0	55,355	27,975	27,385	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	0	0	0	18,410	9,205	9,210	0	0	0
Asia	100	40	55	15	10	10	279,930	132,545	147,390	265	120	140
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	20	15	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15	0	0	0	36,925	16,915	20,015	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0
Philippines	35	15	25	0	0	0	71,315	31,605	39,715	50	10	35
Viet Nam	10	10	0	0	0	0	16,350	7,325	9,030	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	15	10	10
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,580	30,730	30,850	155	75	85
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,425	9,810	9,615	15	10	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,735	10,640	12,090	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	65	30	35	0	0	0	87,650	41,815	45,830	65	35	30
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0
Africa	25	0	15	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	25	10	15	0	0	0	55,100	25,850	29,250	55	25	30
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	415	455	20	15	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,870	7,455	7,420	25	0	20
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	415	205	210	115	50	65	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	595	315	280
First generation¹⁰⁰	260	115	145	30	20	15	518,345	251,010	267,335	345	170	175
Second generation¹⁰¹	45	25	25	15	0	10	329,675	166,505	163,165	155	100	50
Third generation or more¹⁰²	105	70	40	70	25	45	723,920	364,750	359,170	95	45	50
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	180	85	95	15	10	0	416,830	200,210	216,615	295	150	150
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	100	40	60	15	10	0	235,880	118,150	117,730	90	35	55
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	30	20	10	10	10	0	95,815	58,035	37,780	40	25	15
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	70	20	50	0	0	0	140,065	60,120	79,950	45	10	40
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	60	30	20	0	0	0	117,720	48,395	69,330	160	75	85
Refugees¹⁰⁸	20	10	10	0	0	0	58,995	31,595	27,395	50	40	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	180	85	95	15	10	0	416,830	200,210	216,615	295	150	150
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	0	15	0	0	0	14,765	8,620	6,145	15	15	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	20	10	10	0	0	0	53,180	23,440	29,750	50	20	25
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	10	0	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	10	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	120	65	60	15	10	0	313,060	149,760	163,300	220	110	110
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	415	200	210	115	50	65	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	595	315	275
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	260	115	150	45	15	25	575,650	282,735	292,910	480	260	215
South Asian	50	20	25	15	10	10	154,385	78,430	75,955	325	175	150
Chinese	35	15	25	0	0	0	93,975	45,570	48,410	0	0	0
Black	35	0	30	0	0	0	76,470	38,665	37,800	55	30	20
Filipino	55	25	30	0	0	0	92,235	42,365	49,880	65	25	40
Arab	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	0	0	0
Latin American	20	10	10	0	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235	10	10	0
Southeast Asian	15	10	10	0	0	0	28,720	13,405	15,310	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	0	0	0
Korean	30	10	15	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,840	10,195	10,645	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	145	85	60	80	35	40	996,285	499,530	496,755	115	55	60
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	410	205	210	120	50	65	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	590	315	280
Canadian	10	10	0	15	10	0	168,075	87,325	80,750	20	0	15
English	25	20	0	0	0	0	276,300	136,835	139,465	20	0	15
Irish	15	0	0	10	0	10	202,260	98,040	104,225	25	15	10
Scottish	25	10	15	10	10	0	235,385	115,820	119,575	45	25	25
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20	10	0	0	0	0	104,160	50,935	53,225	10	0	0
German	30	25	0	0	0	0	197,770	97,860	99,910	30	10	20
Chinese	40	10	30	0	0	0	99,705	48,045	51,650	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,840	22,330	22,510	0	0	0
Indian (India)	40	15	25	0	0	0	77,900	39,545	38,355	120	60	60
Ukrainian	20	15	0	0	0	0	89,615	43,675	45,940	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	0	0	0	0	53,665	26,510	27,155	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	0	0	0	0	53,675	25,885	27,790	30	10	20
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,825	27,135	26,690	0	0	0
Filipino	50	25	25	0	0	0	86,850	40,140	46,710	55	20	35
French Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	10	10	0	0	0	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	0	0	0
Métis	10	0	10	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,815	14,565	14,250	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	0	0	0	0	36,090	16,840	19,255	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,865	21,320	23,545	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	10	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	35	20	15
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,085	10,145	9,940	75	40	30
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0	0	0	22,750	10,685	12,065	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	0	0	0
Korean	25	0	20	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	90	45	45
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,225	6,465	6,765	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0
Mexican	10	0	10	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,345	3,120	30	20	15
Egyptian	10	0	0	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	415	200	210	115	50	65	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	595	315	275
Buddhist	10	0	0	0	0	0	22,425	9,955	12,470	0	0	0
Christian	175	90	85	45	15	30	713,465	336,705	376,760	115	55	60
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	50	15	35	0	0	0	153,665	73,675	79,985	0	0	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,625	16,415	19,210	10	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	0	0	0
Catholic	90	55	40	0	0	0	312,410	149,290	163,120	80	45	40
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	0	0	0
Lutheran	10	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	10	10	0	0	0	0	51,720	22,415	29,305	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,375	20,405	22,970	0	0	0
Hindu	45	20	20	0	0	0	35,335	18,180	17,155	60	30	30
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0
Muslim	10	0	0	15	0	10	101,285	51,675	49,610	115	75	45
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,230	28,325	27,905	170	95	80
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	170	85	90	55	35	25	623,560	328,795	294,765	125	60	65
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	410	205	210	110	55	60	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	585	310	275
Non-movers	315	175	145	75	25	50	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	540	285	255
Movers	95	25	65	35	30	0	209,550	104,275	105,275	45	25	20
Non-migrants	60	15	50	30	20	0	147,415	73,505	73,910	30	15	15
Migrants	30	15	20	0	0	0	62,135	30,765	31,365	0	0	0
Internal migrants	25	10	15	0	0	0	47,380	23,440	23,940	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	20	0	15	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	395	195	200	110	50	55	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	550	300	255
Non-movers	125	70	55	15	10	10	863,155	429,060	434,095	370	200	170
Movers	275	125	150	95	45	50	619,175	307,300	311,880	175	100	80
Non-migrants	150	70	80	75	30	45	363,260	181,560	181,700	100	50	55
Migrants	120	55	70	25	15	0	255,920	125,740	130,180	80	50	25
Internal migrants	50	35	20	10	10	0	177,420	87,415	90,005	10	0	10
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	10	10	0	112,590	55,855	56,735	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	40	25	15	0	0	0	64,830	31,560	33,270	0	0	0
External migrants	70	20	50	0	0	0	78,500	38,320	40,180	70	50	20
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	385	195	190	80	45	35	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	470	250	215
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65	45	20	20	20	0	182,850	95,955	86,895	100	65	35
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	320	150	170	60	25	35	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	370	180	185
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	230	125	105	70	40	30	886,650	437,700	448,950	330	170	160
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15	15	0	15	15	0	79,025	43,715	35,310	65	50	15
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	215	115	105	55	25	30	807,620	393,985	413,640	260	120	145
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	385	195	185	75	40	35	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	465	250	215
No certificate, diploma or degree	45	35	15	0	0	0	163,710	84,360	79,350	90	65	30
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	90	50	40	35	15	15	339,400	169,445	169,950	140	85	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	250	115	135	45	25	20	775,265	377,350	397,915	240	105	130
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	90	45	40	30	15	15	348,595	174,345	174,250	125	65	60
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	10	0	15	15	0	84,805	63,760	21,050	30	25	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	10	0	0	0	0	29,285	16,610	12,680	15	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	15	15	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	25	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	50	35	25	15	0	15	221,065	92,585	128,480	75	35	40
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	0	15	0	0	0	42,725	18,000	24,720	15	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	160	65	95	10	10	0	426,670	203,005	223,660	110	40	70
Bachelor's degree	115	55	60	0	0	0	294,610	137,240	157,375	70	25	40
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	10	0	0	0	22,475	10,080	12,390	10	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	0	0	0
Master's degree	30	10	20	10	10	0	86,005	42,875	43,130	35	15	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	125	110	70	40	30	886,650	437,700	448,950	330	170	160
No certificate, diploma or degree	15	10	0	0	0	0	66,625	36,450	30,175	60	40	20
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	40	25	15	30	15	10	197,715	102,665	95,045	95	55	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	180	90	95	40	25	15	622,315	298,585	323,730	175	75	105
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	50	30	15	35	20	15	266,590	133,640	132,950	85	45	40
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	0	0	0	15	15	0	63,270	48,090	15,175	30	25	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,715	12,025	8,685	10	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	15	15	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	15	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	30	25	10	15	0	15	170,270	71,565	98,700	45	15	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	10	0	0	0	33,050	13,985	19,070	15	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	130	60	75	10	10	0	355,720	164,940	190,775	90	25	60
Bachelor's degree	90	45	45	0	0	0	244,340	111,530	132,810	50	15	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	10	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	15	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	0	0	0
Master's degree	30	10	15	10	10	0	74,335	35,965	38,370	30	10	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	380	195	190	75	45	35	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	470	255	215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	135	80	55	35	20	15	503,110	253,805	249,305	230	145	85
Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,605	10,200	36,405	15	0	10
13. Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,605	10,200	36,405	15	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	10	0	0	0	23,385	9,460	13,925	10	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	10	0	0	0	20,825	7,530	13,295	10	0	10
Humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,000	12,365	21,635	20	0	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,415	1,915	5,495	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	4,095	7,460	20	0	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	50	10	35	0	0	0	83,860	28,790	55,065	10	0	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,515	5,275	10,245	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	0	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	25	0	20	0	0	0	30,700	14,865	15,830	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	30	20	15	10	10	0	177,710	75,825	101,885	45	20	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	20	15	10	10	0	168,935	74,160	94,770	45	20	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,940	20,670	19,265	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	15	0	0	0	0	36,465	23,975	12,485	30	15	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	0	0	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	20	15	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	30	0	15	15	0	173,505	149,155	24,355	55	50	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	15	0	0	0	0	66,620	53,075	13,545	15	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	20	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	10	10	0	28,060	27,225	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,210	21,530	675	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,885	11,515	375	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,905	7,900	8,005	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	0	0	0
Health and related fields	55	0	50	10	0	10	111,080	22,865	88,215	45	0	45
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	55	0	50	10	0	10	98,680	16,900	81,780	40	0	40
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	20	0	0	0	0	32,595	16,030	16,565	10	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	10	0	0	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	230	125	110	70	40	30	886,650	437,700	448,950	330	165	160
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	55	35	15	30	15	15	264,340	139,115	125,220	150	95	55
Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	10	0	10
13. Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	0	0	0
Humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,945	9,460	17,490	20	0	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,035	1,555	4,480	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	3,220	6,225	20	0	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	10	25	0	0	0	69,810	23,220	46,590	15	0	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	0	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	0	10	0	0	0	25,655	12,155	13,505	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	30	20	10	10	10	0	145,930	61,450	84,480	35	15	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	20	10	10	10	0	138,835	60,195	78,640	35	15	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	15	0	0	0	0	31,330	20,720	10,615	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	0	0	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	20	0	15	15	0	138,260	116,630	21,630	50	45	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	15	0	0	0	0	55,310	43,055	12,260	15	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	15	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	10	10	0	21,755	21,035	720	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,875	16,295	580	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,785	8,485	305	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	0	30	15	0	15	88,715	18,735	69,980	30	0	30
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	30	15	0	15	78,745	14,010	64,730	25	0	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	10	0	0	0	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	10	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0	0	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	230	125	110	70	40	30	886,650	437,700	448,950	330	165	160
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55	35	15	30	15	15	264,340	139,115	125,220	150	95	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	185	90	90	45	25	20	622,310	298,585	323,730	175	70	100
Location of study inside Canada	90	55	35	25	15	15	455,590	220,680	234,910	70	30	45
Same as province or territory of residence	65	35	30	25	15	15	328,175	157,540	170,630	65	25	40
Different than province or territory of residence	20	20	0	0	0	0	127,410	63,135	64,275	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	95	40	60	15	10	0	166,725	77,905	88,820	105	45	55
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,670	14,305	14,360	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0
Europe	20	15	0	10	10	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0
Asia	55	15	40	10	10	0	91,990	39,695	52,295	90	35	55
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,585	12,115	18,470	40	10	25
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	30	15	15	0	0	0	25,005	11,780	13,225	50	20	30
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	385	195	185	75	40	35	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	465	250	215
In the labour force	230	115	120	45	30	15	882,705	463,170	419,540	345	190	155
Employed	200	105	95	30	15	15	776,015	408,675	367,335	280	145	130
Unemployed	35	0	25	15	15	0	106,695	54,490	52,205	65	45	25
Not in the labour force	150	80	70	30	10	15	395,665	167,985	227,680	120	60	60
Participation rate	59.7	59.0	64.9	60.0	75.0	42.9	69.0	73.4	64.8	74.2	76.0	72.1
Employment rate	51.9	53.8	51.4	40.0	37.5	42.9	60.7	64.8	56.8	60.2	58.0	60.5
Unemployment rate	15.2	0.0	20.8	33.3	50.0	0.0	12.1	11.8	12.4	18.8	23.7	16.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	380	195	190	75	45	35	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	470	255	215
Did not work¹⁸⁶	195	100	95	20	10	15	422,665	183,645	239,020	160	80	80
Worked	190	95	95	55	40	20	855,710	447,510	408,200	310	175	135
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	95	60	35	30	25	0	450,195	257,535	192,655	125	60	70
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	95	35	60	30	10	10	405,520	189,970	215,550	180	120	65
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.2	44.4	34.0	43.0	40.0	x	40.7	41.5	39.8	35.6	31.3	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	235	115	120	50	30	20	882,710	463,165	419,540	345	195	155
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	10	20	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	205	100	100	50	30	20	853,695	449,150	404,550	340	195	145
Employee	185	100	85	50	30	20	715,140	365,090	350,050	270	135	140
Permanent position	125	95	35	50	30	20	600,125	311,480	288,645	230	110	125
Temporary position	60	10	50	0	0	0	115,020	53,615	61,405	40	25	15
Fixed term (1 year or more)	25	0	20	0	0	0	37,760	16,790	20,970	10	0	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	35	0	25	0	0	0	77,260	36,820	40,435	25	20	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	20	0	15	0	0	0	138,550	84,060	54,500	70	60	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	235	115	120	50	30	20	882,710	463,165	419,540	345	195	155
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	10	20	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	205	100	100	50	30	20	853,695	449,150	404,550	340	195	145
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	45	25	20	10	0	0	161,170	53,245	107,930	40	25	15
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	40	30	10	0	0	0	94,565	72,340	22,225	10	10	0
3 Health occupations	15	0	15	0	0	0	69,305	13,810	55,490	30	0	30
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10	0	0	0	0	0	92,850	30,655	62,195	35	0	30
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	25	0	15	0	0	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	55	20	35	0	0	0	209,115	94,840	114,280	80	30	45
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10	10	0	20	20	0	147,375	132,085	15,290	115	105	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,565	19,070	6,490	30	20	10
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	235	115	120	50	30	20	882,710	463,165	419,540	345	195	155
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	10	20	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	205	100	100	50	30	20	853,695	449,150	404,550	340	195	145
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,750	26,465	13,290	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	10	10	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	15	15	0	75,665	63,720	11,945	25	20	10
31-33 Manufacturing	10	0	0	0	0	0	41,545	30,255	11,295	35	35	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	10	0	0	10	10	0	96,885	46,555	50,330	45	10	35
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10	0	0	10	10	0	56,135	40,670	15,470	50	40	10
51 Information and cultural industries	10	0	0	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	20	15	0	0	0	0	30,760	13,930	16,825	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	20	20	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	50	30	20	0	0	0	96,185	55,190	40,995	0	0	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,790	21,285	16,510	45	35	10
61 Educational services	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,510	16,805	38,700	10	0	10
62 Health care and social assistance	30	10	25	0	0	0	107,190	20,475	86,720	50	0	50
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	40	20	20	0	0	0	49,900	22,440	27,460	15	0	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,065	16,090	20,975	15	10	0
91 Public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,305	16,235	15,075	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	205	105	100	55	40	20	926,320	483,455	442,860	365	210	160
English	195	100	95	55	40	20	878,705	460,305	418,400	330	180	150
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,355	15,535	14,825	35	25	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	205	105	100	55	40	20	926,320	483,455	442,860	365	210	160
Single responses	205	105	100	55	40	20	919,325	479,835	439,490	365	205	155
Official languages	200	105	95	55	40	20	906,220	473,040	433,180	345	195	150
English	200	105	95	55	40	20	903,745	472,395	431,350	345	195	150
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,105	6,795	6,310	20	10	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,090	6,795	6,300	20	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465	20	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	20	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	20	10	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,000	3,625	3,375	10	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,765	3,065	2,695	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	205	105	100	55	40	20	926,320	483,455	442,860	365	210	160
None	200	100	100	55	40	20	893,045	467,350	425,695	335	185	150
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	15	10	10
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,585	8,825	8,760	20	20	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,465	8,780	8,690	20	20	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	200	105	90	30	20	15	776,010	408,680	367,335	280	145	130
Worked at home	80	45	40	0	0	0	215,520	105,290	110,230	20	0	20
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	15	10	0	10	10	0	113,260	83,885	29,375	110	95	15
Usual place of work	105	55	50	25	10	15	444,410	217,405	227,005	155	55	95
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	105	55	50	25	10	15	444,410	217,405	227,005	155	55	95
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	100	50	50	25	10	15	361,065	170,000	191,065	140	55	85
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,230	37,715	31,505	15	0	15
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	120	65	55	35	20	10	557,670	301,290	256,380	260	150	115
Car, truck or van	25	15	15	35	20	10	473,465	261,055	212,410	235	135	95
Car, truck or van - as a driver	15	10	10	35	20	10	441,645	249,990	191,655	205	135	65
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	0	0	0	0	31,820	11,060	20,755	30	0	30
Public transit	50	25	25	0	0	0	40,930	17,775	23,165	10	0	10
Walked	35	15	15	0	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	10	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	120	65	55	35	20	10	557,670	301,290	256,380	260	150	115
Less than 15 minutes	25	15	15	0	0	0	128,460	58,155	70,310	55	40	20
15 to 29 minutes	40	25	15	20	10	0	242,460	130,855	111,610	130	60	70
30 to 44 minutes	30	20	15	0	0	0	125,765	75,100	50,660	40	25	10
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	10	0	0	0	31,050	18,505	12,545	10	0	0
60 minutes and over	10	0	0	0	0	0	29,930	18,665	11,265	30	15	15
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	120	65	55	35	20	10	557,670	301,290	256,380	260	150	115
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	0	0	0	0	0	37,665	27,280	10,390	15	0	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25	15	15	0	0	0	100,900	63,500	37,400	55	40	15
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	30	25	10	15	0	10	143,455	75,755	67,700	45	25	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30	15	15	0	0	0	105,095	50,620	54,475	35	15	10
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20	10	10	0	0	0	79,595	35,415	44,180	65	35	25
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,950	48,715	42,230	55	25	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20	10	10	35	20	15	356,225	183,250	172,980	160	90	70
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,335	12,890	12,445	10	10	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	10	10	35	20	15	330,890	170,360	160,535	150	80	70
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15	5	10	30	15	15	259,535	133,590	125,945	120	65	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,890	9,625	9,270	5	5	0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,575	4,670	4,910	0	5	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,315	4,955	4,360	5	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	5	10	30	15	15	240,640	123,965	116,675	115	65	50

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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