Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48060370More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48061625More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48061652More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,091	...	...	630	...	...	2,517	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	365	...	...	214	...	...	739	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	359	...	...	210	...	...	642	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,172.4	...	...	4,758.3	...	...	4,060.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.34	...	...	0.13	...	...	0.62	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,095	570	525	630	340	295	2,515	1,285	1,235
0 to 14 years	205	110	95	95	50	40	535	260	270
0 to 4 years	60	35	30	20	10	10	175	85	85
5 to 9 years	70	40	25	30	15	10	170	80	90
10 to 14 years	75	35	40	40	25	20	190	95	95
15 to 64 years	750	390	360	470	260	210	1,755	920	840
15 to 19 years	70	45	20	55	30	25	165	90	75
20 to 24 years	75	45	30	45	30	15	240	135	105
25 to 29 years	50	20	25	45	25	20	205	105	95
30 to 34 years	75	35	40	20	10	15	185	95	85
35 to 39 years	75	40	40	30	15	15	235	120	115
40 to 44 years	70	35	40	40	20	20	210	95	120
45 to 49 years	65	25	40	40	20	25	175	100	75
50 to 54 years	90	40	45	80	45	30	140	75	65
55 to 59 years	105	55	50	65	35	30	120	60	60
60 to 64 years	80	45	35	45	30	20	90	50	45
65 years and over	130	65	65	70	30	40	230	105	125
65 to 69 years	65	25	35	35	10	20	80	35	50
70 to 74 years	45	25	15	15	10	10	75	30	40
75 to 79 years	5	5	5	10	5	0	35	20	15
80 to 84 years	15	10	10	5	0	5	25	5	20
85 years and over	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
85 to 89 years	10	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.7	19.3	18.1	15.1	14.7	13.6	21.3	20.2	21.9
15 to 64 years	68.5	68.4	68.6	74.6	76.5	71.2	69.8	71.6	68.0
65 years and over	11.9	11.4	12.4	11.1	8.8	13.6	9.1	8.2	10.1
85 years and over	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.4	0.4
Average age of the population	39.0	37.9	40.2	40.1	39.5	40.8	34.2	34.0	34.5
Median age of the population	40.0	38.0	41.6	43.2	42.0	43.6	33.2	32.8	34.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	360	...	...	210	...	...	645	...	...
Single-detached house	350	...	...	210	...	...	490	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	0	...	...	95	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	55	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	355	...	...	210	...	...	645	...	...
1 person	50	...	...	35	...	...	50	...	...
2 persons	100	...	...	60	...	...	105	...	...
3 persons	70	...	...	35	...	...	120	...	...
4 persons	85	...	...	40	...	...	145	...	...
5 or more persons	50	...	...	35	...	...	225	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,090	570	525	630	335	290	2,515	1,285	1,235
Average household size	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	885	455	425	535	285	250	1,985	1,020	965
Married or living common-law	565	280	285	315	155	160	1,175	595	580
Married	500	250	250	280	135	145	1,120	570	550
Living common-law	65	30	35	40	20	20	55	30	30
Living common law - Never married	45	25	25	20	15	10	45	20	20
Living common law - Separated	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	15	10	10	15	5	10	10	0	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	315	175	145	220	135	90	810	425	385
Not married and not living common law - Never married	235	150	85	160	105	55	635	370	265
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	5	10	10	5	5	55	25	25
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	25	5	20	30	15	15	60	20	40
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	35	10	25	20	5	15	60	10	50
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	310	...	...	175	...	...	645	...	...
2 persons	115	...	...	70	...	...	205	...	...
3 persons	70	...	...	30	...	...	160	...	...
4 persons	90	...	...	50	...	...	180	...	...
5 or more persons	40	...	...	25	...	...	100	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...	3.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	2.1	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	315	...	...	175	...	...	645	...	...
Total couple families	280	...	...	155	...	...	550	...	...
Married couples	245	...	...	135	...	...	525	...	...
With children⁶	165	...	...	85	...	...	375	...	...
Without children	80	...	...	55	...	...	145	...	...
Common-law couples	30	...	...	15	...	...	30	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	5	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
Total one-parent families	35	...	...	15	...	...	95	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	10	...	...	70	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	5	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,090	565	525	630	335	290	2,520	1,285	1,235
Total - Persons in census families	995	520	475	560	300	265	2,130	1,075	1,055
Married spouses or common-law partners	555	275	280	315	155	155	1,100	555	550
Parents in one-parent families	35	10	25	20	10	15	90	25	70
Children⁶	400	230	170	230	135	90	935	500	435
In a two-parent family	345	195	150	190	115	80	780	405	380
In a one-parent family	60	40	25	40	20	15	155	95	55
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	95	45	50	70	40	30	390	210	180
Living alone	50	25	25	35	20	15	55	20	30
Living with other relatives⁷	25	10	15	15	5	15	130	55	80
Living with non-relatives only	15	15	10	20	15	10	200	130	70
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	360	...	...	210	...	...	640	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	265	...	...	145	...	...	345	...	...
Couple-family households	245	...	...	130	...	...	300	...	...
With children⁶	160	...	...	80	...	...	245	...	...
Without children	90	...	...	50	...	...	55	...	...
One-parent-family households	25	...	...	15	...	...	45	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	20	...	...	10	...	...	105	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	15	...	...	10	...	...	65	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	5	...	...	45	...	...
One-person households	50	...	...	35	...	...	55	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	885	460	425	540	290	250	1,985	1,020	960
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	835	430	405	515	270	245	1,830	945	885
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	52,800	38,400	40,400	41,200	38,400	33,600	36,800	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	835	430	405	525	275	245	1,830	945	890
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,400	34,400	35,600	36,400	34,800	31,000	34,400	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	770	400	365	465	250	215	1,560	845	710
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	49,200	30,800	33,600	39,600	25,000	27,200	33,600	22,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	635	335	300	405	220	185	1,450	790	665
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	57,200	34,800	33,600	37,200	25,800	26,600	32,000	22,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	715	355	360	445	230	215	1,695	855	840
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,950	4,520	9,100	7,550	6,080	8,400	8,600	5,480	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95	50	50	55	30	25	275	115	160
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,600	5,360	5,640	5,480	5,720	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	255	120	135	170	95	80	800	405	395
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	10,300	9,500	11,400	9,300	9,000	9,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	845	450	390	520	275	245	1,955	1,000	955
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	815	435	380	490	265	225	1,810	925	880
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,000	61,600	47,400	54,800	56,400	52,800	38,400	42,400	34,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	815	435	380	495	265	235	1,810	925	880
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	50,600	40,600	45,600	46,800	44,000	34,440	37,300	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	750	405	340	475	255	220	1,560	835	725
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,600	57,800	42,000	47,800	50,000	45,200	33,600	38,600	27,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	625	345	280	420	225	195	1,440	780	660
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200	57,200	43,600	50,400	52,000	48,400	33,960	38,300	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	710	370	340	405	215	185	1,660	850	815
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,660	8,520	10,920	10,240	10,000	10,500	10,290	8,460	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100	45	55	80	45	35	290	120	170
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,400	8,400	5,000	8,000	7,800	8,000	7,350	5,900	8,300
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	245	130	120	185	115	70	715	375	340
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600	7,800	9,600	9,000	9,000	8,800	9,320	9,680	8,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	850	450	395	520	280	245	1,950	995	955
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	270	165	105	170	100	75	575	350	225
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	67,500	60,400	75,000	75,000	87,000	50,800	52,800	49,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,000	87,000	75,000	84,000	88,000	80,000	50,600	54,200	44,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	240	130	110	155	85	70	615	300	320
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	20,000	23,600	21,600	15,200	22,200	18,600	18,200	18,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,000	34,000	29,600	30,000	31,200	29,000	24,300	26,400	22,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.8	88.0	79.5	85.0	86.0	84.0	75.4	81.6	67.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.5	74.0	68.0	78.5	78.0	79.0	70.6	76.4	63.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.4	11.8	20.6	15.4	14.6	16.4	24.6	18.3	32.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5	2.2	2.4	2.4	3.1	1.8	4.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.1	7.2	6.6	7.2	6.0	10.6	10.0	11.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.8	6.2	6.2	6.8	5.6	9.6	9.3	10.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	885	455	425	535	285	250	1,985	1,020	965
Without total income	50	30	20	20	15	5	155	80	75
With total income	840	425	410	520	275	240	1,835	945	890
Under $10,000 (including loss)	90	45	45	65	30	35	190	80	105
$10,000 to $19,999	75	30	50	55	30	25	265	125	140
$20,000 to $29,999	115	50	65	85	45	40	350	170	185
$30,000 to $39,999	100	45	55	55	25	30	280	130	155
$40,000 to $49,999	70	35	35	65	30	40	235	125	110
$50,000 to $59,999	80	35	45	35	20	15	190	100	90
$60,000 to $69,999	70	40	30	25	10	15	110	65	50
$70,000 to $79,999	50	25	25	25	10	10	80	55	25
$80,000 to $89,999	35	15	20	25	15	5	45	35	10
$90,000 to $99,999	30	20	10	15	15	5	35	25	5
$100,000 and over	115	90	25	70	50	20	45	30	10
$100,000 to $149,999	80	60	25	50	35	15	30	25	10
$150,000 and over	40	30	5	15	15	0	10	5	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	885	455	425	535	285	250	1,985	1,020	965
Without after-tax income	50	30	20	15	10	5	150	80	75
With after-tax income	840	425	410	520	280	245	1,835	945	890
Under $10,000 (including loss)	95	45	50	70	35	35	190	80	110
$10,000 to $19,999	80	30	50	60	30	30	270	135	140
$20,000 to $29,999	135	55	75	90	50	40	415	200	215
$30,000 to $39,999	105	50	60	75	35	40	315	155	160
$40,000 to $49,999	105	55	50	55	25	30	275	145	130
$50,000 to $59,999	85	50	40	45	20	25	155	85	75
$60,000 to $69,999	65	25	35	25	10	15	100	70	35
$70,000 to $79,999	35	20	15	30	20	10	50	40	10
$80,000 to $89,999	40	20	15	25	15	15	30	25	5
$90,000 to $99,999	30	25	5	10	10	5	10	0	5
$100,000 and over	55	45	10	30	30	5	20	15	5
$100,000 to $124,999	30	30	5	20	15	0	10	10	0
$125,000 and over	25	20	5	15	10	0	10	5	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	885	455	425	535	285	250	1,985	1,020	965
Without employment income	250	120	130	135	65	65	535	235	300
With employment income	635	340	300	405	215	190	1,450	785	660
Under $5,000 (including loss)	80	40	40	60	35	25	165	65	95
$5,000 to $9,999	35	10	25	40	20	20	155	85	65
$10,000 to $19,999	75	35	40	55	25	35	255	115	145
$20,000 to $29,999	50	20	30	45	20	20	200	105	100
$30,000 to $39,999	50	20	30	30	15	15	175	100	70
$40,000 to $49,999	50	30	25	30	15	15	155	90	65
$50,000 to $59,999	55	25	30	20	10	15	115	60	55
$60,000 to $69,999	55	35	20	15	10	10	75	45	35
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	15	25	15	10	70	55	15
$80,000 to $89,999	35	20	15	20	10	5	35	30	10
$90,000 to $99,999	25	15	10	15	10	5	25	20	0
$100,000 and over	95	75	20	55	35	15	30	25	5
$100,000 to $124,999	50	35	15	30	15	10	15	15	0
$125,000 and over	45	40	10	25	20	5	15	10	5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	885	460	425	540	290	250	1,985	1,020	960
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	825	415	410	500	265	235	1,780	915	865
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	53,200	33,600	39,200	44,800	34,800	30,600	35,200	25,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	830	415	410	500	265	235	1,780	915	865
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	47,600	30,800	36,000	39,200	31,800	29,200	32,800	25,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	750	395	355	460	245	210	1,500	815	685
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,800	34,000	39,200	44,000	34,000	32,400	36,400	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	640	340	305	400	225	175	1,410	770	640
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	56,000	36,400	38,800	41,200	36,800	32,000	35,600	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	680	330	350	420	220	195	1,615	835	780
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,600	970	4,360	1,140	960	2,240	1,300	1,020	3,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	75	30	40	25	15	15	160	70	90
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,120	6,000	5,000	x	x	5,920	4,760	6,950
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	845	450	390	520	275	245	1,955	1,000	955
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	800	425	380	485	255	230	1,745	905	845
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,900	64,400	46,400	53,600	59,600	47,200	35,360	39,300	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	805	425	385	485	255	230	1,745	905	845
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,900	53,400	39,800	45,000	49,200	40,400	31,560	34,500	28,350
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	735	405	330	470	245	225	1,450	785	665
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,000	62,200	46,200	51,600	58,800	44,000	37,000	41,700	31,450
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	625	345	280	425	230	195	1,385	760	625
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,200	62,200	48,400	53,000	57,200	48,000	36,680	40,300	32,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	660	330	325	385	220	165	1,555	820	740
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	5,820	7,360	4,540	3,720	5,640	5,275	3,350	7,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60	25	35	20	0	0	145	60	85
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	3,200	...	...	6,700	5,600	7,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	850	450	395	520	280	245	1,950	995	955
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	265	160	105	170	100	75	570	350	215
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,500	70,000	62,800	69,500	75,000	59,600	44,000	42,800	44,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,000	88,000	72,000	83,000	90,000	76,000	48,200	51,000	43,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	230	130	105	150	80	70	570	290	290
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,000	34,800	28,000	29,600	25,800	29,600	22,800	26,000	19,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	42,000	45,000	38,000	42,000	48,000	34,000	29,500	32,000	26,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.4	93.0	86.0	93.0	94.0	92.0	86.6	92.4	79.2
Employment income (%)	78.5	79.5	77.0	87.0	88.0	88.0	82.2	86.4	76.5
Government transfers (%)	9.6	7.1	13.7	6.7	5.3	8.6	13.3	7.8	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.6	0.2	x	x	1.6	1.0	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	355	...	...	210	...	...	645	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	50	...	...	35	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	81,000	...	...	49,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	67,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	305	...	...	175	...	...	590	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	122,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	350	...	...	215	...	...	635	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	127,600	...	...	126,000	...	...	109,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	106,800	...	...	107,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	55	...	...	50	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	78,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	290	...	...	165	...	...	590	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	100,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	355	...	...	210	...	...	645	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	55	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	45	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	60	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	65	...	...
$100,000 and over	220	...	...	125	...	...	310	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	50	...	...	30	...	...	90	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	50	...	...	30	...	...	85	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	70	...	...	25	...	...	90	...	...
$200,000 and over	50	...	...	35	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	355	...	...	210	...	...	645	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	55	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	55	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	65	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	35	...	...	25	...	...	60	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	30	...	...	15	...	...	55	...	...
$100,000 and over	190	...	...	100	...	...	270	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	70	...	...	40	...	...	100	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	55	...	...	20	...	...	85	...	...
$150,000 and over	65	...	...	45	...	...	85	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	310	...	...	165	...	...	570	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.4	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	90	...	...	50	...	...	85	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	62,400	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	180	...	...	95	...	...	385	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	139,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	121,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	15	...	...	70	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	x	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	x	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	3.2	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	70	35	30	50	35	20	255	155	100
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	58,800	61,200	52,800	53,200	56,800	x	30,000	32,800	27,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,800	51,200	46,800	45,200	48,800	x	28,600	31,000	26,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	290	...	...	150	...	...	595	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	146,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	124,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	70	...	...	100	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	128,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	180	...	...	65	...	...	405	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	165,000	...	...	114,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	103,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	0	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	...	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	x	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	70	40	35	75	55	20	205	125	85
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	74,000	72,000	76,000	64,000	66,000	56,000	40,800	49,000	29,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,000	60,000	64,000	52,000	54,000	48,000	35,600	42,000	26,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,095	565	525	630	340	295	2,515	1,285	1,235
0 to 17 years	245	140	110	125	70	55	625	320	310
0 to 5 years	75	45	35	25	15	15	210	105	110
18 to 64 years	710	360	350	435	235	200	1,665	865	795
65 years and over	130	65	65	70	30	40	225	105	125
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	35	15	20	45	25	20	175	80	100
0 to 17 years	15	5	5	5	0	5	60	30	35
0 to 5 years	10	0	10	0	0	0	20	10	10
18 to 64 years	20	10	10	30	15	15	105	45	55
65 years and over	0	5	5	5	5	0	10	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	3.4	2.8	4.0	7.2	7.2	7.2	6.9	6.0	7.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.0	4.0	8.0	x	x	x	10.0	8.0	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	x	20.0	x	x	x	9.0	8.0	9.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	2.5	3.2	7.2	7.0	8.0	6.1	5.4	6.8
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	12.0	16.0	x	4.5	4.0	5.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,090	565	525	630	335	290	2,520	1,280	1,235
0 to 17 years	250	140	110	125	70	55	630	315	315
0 to 5 years	80	45	35	30	10	15	215	100	110
18 to 64 years	710	365	345	435	240	195	1,660	865	800
65 years and over	135	65	70	70	30	40	225	100	120
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	30	10	15	25	10	10	135	70	60
0 to 17 years	10	0	5	0	0	0	25	10	10
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	20	5	10	20	15	10	105	60	50
65 years and over	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.0	2.8	3.6	4.0	3.0	5.3	5.6	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	x	4.0	x	x	x	3.8	3.2	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0	x	12.0	x	x	x	3.0	x	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4	2.0	2.5	4.4	4.5	5.0	6.4	7.0	5.8
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,095	570	525	630	340	295	2,515	1,285	1,235
In bottom half of the distribution	395	205	185	260	135	120	1,555	785	770
In bottom decile	40	15	20	40	20	20	210	105	105
In second decile	85	45	40	60	35	30	275	135	145
In third decile	75	45	30	55	30	30	375	195	185
In fourth decile	100	50	50	50	25	25	400	205	200
In fifth decile	100	55	45	55	35	25	290	150	145
In top half of the distribution	695	360	335	370	200	175	960	495	465
In sixth decile	130	70	60	65	35	30	330	160	175
In seventh decile	170	90	75	65	30	40	240	135	110
In eighth decile	150	75	75	70	45	25	185	100	85
In ninth decile	130	65	65	85	50	30	160	80	80
In top decile	120	65	60	90	40	45	40	20	20
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,090	...	...	630	...	...	2,520	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.282	...	...	0.292	...	...	0.226	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.362	...	...	0.388	...	...	0.333	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.247	...	...	0.263	...	...	0.209	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,090	565	525	630	335	290	2,520	1,280	1,235
English only	980	510	470	585	320	265	2,195	1,140	1,060
French only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	75	40	35	15	5	10	75	35	40
Neither English nor French	35	10	20	35	15	20	250	110	135
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,090	565	525	630	335	290	2,520	1,280	1,235
English	1,040	545	495	590	320	265	2,235	1,155	1,080
French	20	10	5	5	0	5	20	10	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Neither English nor French	35	10	20	35	10	20	245	110	135
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,090	565	525	630	335	290	2,520	1,280	1,235
Single responses	1,040	540	500	600	320	280	2,290	1,165	1,125
Official languages	730	395	340	355	200	155	650	325	325
English	720	385	330	345	195	145	630	315	310
French	10	5	10	5	0	5	15	10	10
Non-official languages	310	145	160	245	120	125	1,645	845	800
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	305	145	160	245	120	125	1,640	845	800
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	15	5	5	50	20	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	15	15	5	5	45	20	25
Amharic	5	0	5	5	10	5	10	0	5
Arabic	20	10	5	0	0	0	35	20	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	15	5	10	25	15	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	15	5	10	25	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	15	20	45	25	20	135	60	75
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	15	45	25	20	100	45	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	120	60	55	75	40	40	1,370	710	655
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	15	5	0	5	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	15	5	0	5	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	5	0	0
German	10	5	5	0	0	0	5	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	35	30	35	20	15	1,315	685	635
Indo-Aryan languages	40	20	20	35	20	15	1,280	665	620
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	5	0	0	0	40	20	15
Gujarati	10	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	10
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	5	15	10	10	990	515	475
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	5	5	15	10	10	125	65	55
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	35	20	15
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5
Persian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dari	20	5	10	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	10	40	15	20	35	20	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	35	20	20	35	20	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5	5	5	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	45	55	90	40	50	15	5	10
Chinese languages	95	45	55	90	40	50	15	5	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	10	15	45	20	25	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	30	35	45	20	25	10	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	25	25	30	15	15	225	110	110
English and French	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	20	10	15	200	105	90
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	10	5	0	10	5	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,090	565	525	630	335	290	2,520	1,280	1,235
English	745	400	340	340	195	150	620	325	300
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-official language	90	35	50	70	35	40	780	390	385
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	90	35	50	70	35	40	780	390	385
English and French	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	245	115	125	195	105	95	1,010	515	495
French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	60	35	25
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,090	565	525	630	335	290	2,520	1,280	1,235
Single responses	1,045	540	495	590	315	275	2,240	1,145	1,095
Official languages	860	460	400	435	240	195	895	460	435
English	860	455	405	435	240	195	890	455	430
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Non-official languages	185	85	95	155	75	80	1,345	685	660
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	185	85	95	155	75	80	1,345	685	660
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	15	10	5	35	20	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	5	15	10	5	30	10	15
Amharic	0	0	0	5	10	5	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	5	0	0	0	25	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	20	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	15	10	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	25	10	10	105	50	60
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	25	10	10	75	35	45
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	30	30	35	15	25	1,150	600	555
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	20	20	20	10	10	1,115	580	540
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	20	10	10	1,100	570	530
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5	0	0	0	25	15	15
Gujarati	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	15	10	10	880	460	420
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	5	0	0	0	100	45	50
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	15	10	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5
Persian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	5	15	5	10	25	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	5	0	5	15	5	10	25	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	40	45	70	35	40	10	0	5
Chinese languages	80	35	45	70	35	40	10	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	5	10	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	25	30	40	20	25	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	50	25	25	45	25	15	275	135	140
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	35	20	20	260	130	130
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,090	565	525	630	335	290	2,515	1,285	1,235
None	880	465	415	445	245	205	1,620	820	800
English	75	40	35	70	35	30	430	225	200
French	10	5	0	0	0	5	5	0	5
Non-official language	95	45	55	105	50	55	335	175	160
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	95	45	55	105	50	55	335	175	165
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	5	5	0	75	30	40
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	0	5	5	0	35	15	20
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,035	560	480	560	305	255	2,485	1,270	1,220
Official languages	1,005	550	455	545	300	240	2,235	1,155	1,075
English	1,005	550	455	545	300	240	2,230	1,155	1,065
French	40	25	15	20	10	10	80	40	40
Non-official languages	405	195	210	225	100	120	1,975	1,015	960
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	405	195	210	225	100	120	1,970	1,015	955
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	45	45	0	0	0	135	80	55
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	85	45	45	0	0	0	135	80	55
Amharic	20	10	10	0	0	0	40	20	20
Arabic	60	30	30	0	0	0	95	55	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	55	35	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	15	0	10	55	35	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	15	50	20	30	170	75	90
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	50	20	30	155	75	80
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	165	80	85	100	50	50	1,540	790	750
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	10	20	60	25	30	1,460	750	710
Indo-Aryan languages	30	10	20	60	25	30	1,450	745	705
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	10	10	0	0	0	0	35	15	25
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	20	10	10	0	0	0	355	160	195
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	10	40	25	15	1,135	610	530
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	95	100
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	45	50	45	20	20	90	40	50
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	55	25	30	10	0	0	15	0	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	20	15	10	35	20	15	75	35	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	60	55	70	35	40	30	15	15
Chinese languages	100	50	50	70	35	40	10	0	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	15	15	30	15	20	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	40	40	35	20	15	10	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,035	555	475	555	310	255	2,490	1,270	1,220
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	25	10	20	30	20	10	70	35	35
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	25	10	20	30	20	10	70	35	35
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25
Métis	20	0	20	30	20	10	35	25	10
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,010	550	460	530	290	240	2,420	1,235	1,185
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,035	555	475	555	310	255	2,490	1,270	1,220
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,035	555	475	555	310	255	2,455	1,265	1,190
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	350	...	...	215	...	...	635	...	...
Owner	315	...	...	180	...	...	475	...	...
Renter	35	...	...	30	...	...	160	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	350	...	...	215	...	...	635	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	0	...	...	95	...	...
Not condominium	350	...	...	215	...	...	540	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	350	...	...	215	...	...	635	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	0	...	...	30	...	...
2 bedrooms	20	...	...	20	...	...	90	...	...
3 bedrooms	190	...	...	100	...	...	250	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	135	...	...	85	...	...	265	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	350	...	...	215	...	...	635	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	30	...	...	35	...	...	170	...	...
5 rooms	65	...	...	30	...	...	130	...	...
6 rooms	60	...	...	30	...	...	115	...	...
7 rooms	65	...	...	50	...	...	95	...	...
8 or more rooms	135	...	...	70	...	...	125	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	6.7	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	350	...	...	215	...	...	635	...	...
One person or fewer per room	335	...	...	215	...	...	545	...	...
More than one person per room	15	...	...	0	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	350	...	...	215	...	...	635	...	...
Suitable	335	...	...	200	...	...	520	...	...
Not suitable	15	...	...	10	...	...	120	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	350	...	...	215	...	...	635	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	0	...	...	0	...	...	30	...	...
1981 to 1990	30	...	...	10	...	...	40	...	...
1991 to 2000	315	...	...	195	...	...	135	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	190	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	125	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	40	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	350	...	...	215	...	...	635	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	340	...	...	205	...	...	605	...	...
Major repairs needed	10	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	350	...	...	215	...	...	635	...	...
One-maintainer household	135	...	...	95	...	...	200	...	...
Two-maintainer household	195	...	...	105	...	...	335	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	25	...	...	10	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	350	...	...	215	...	...	635	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	40	...	...	20	...	...	110	...	...
35 to 44 years	70	...	...	15	...	...	195	...	...
45 to 54 years	70	...	...	55	...	...	180	...	...
55 to 64 years	120	...	...	95	...	...	105	...	...
65 to 74 years	40	...	...	15	...	...	35	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	350	...	...	210	...	...	635	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	300	...	...	175	...	...	520	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	45	...	...	40	...	...	115	...	...
30% to less than 100%	45	...	...	35	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	350	...	...	215	...	...	635	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	50	...	...	225	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	50	...	...	35	...	...	95	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	10	...	...	85	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	280	...	...	160	...	...	410	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	345	...	...	205	...	...	635	...	...
In core need	25	...	...	0	...	...	50	...	...
Not in core need	325	...	...	195	...	...	580	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	315	...	...	180	...	...	480	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.4	...	...	52.8	...	...	85.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.1	...	...	13.9	...	...	14.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	6.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,480	...	...	1,300	...	...	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,470	...	...	1,390	...	...	1,730	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000	...	...	448,000	...	...	376,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	460,000	...	...	448,000	...	...	372,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35	...	...	35	...	...	160	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	25.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	12.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,940	...	...	1,840	...	...	1,350	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...	1,900	...	...	1,320	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,035	555	475	560	305	250	2,485	1,270	1,215
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	35
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	35
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	30	0	20	30	25	10	50	25	25
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	30	0	20	30	25	10	50	25	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	10	0	10	35	15	25
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	15	15	0	15	15	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,005	550	455	530	285	245	2,390	1,230	1,165
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,035	555	480	560	305	250	2,485	1,265	1,220
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	995	540	455	490	275	210	1,725	875	840
Canadian citizens aged under 18	215	130	85	55	35	20	585	295	295
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	780	415	370	440	240	195	1,130	585	550
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	35	15	25	70	25	40	765	385	375
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,035	555	480	560	305	250	2,485	1,265	1,220
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	710	405	310	355	205	150	970	485	485
Immigrants⁸¹	325	155	170	200	100	100	1,300	660	640
Before 1980	55	30	20	25	20	10	20	10	10
1980 to 1990	40	20	15	20	10	10	60	35	30
1991 to 2000	35	15	15	70	40	30	170	80	90
2001 to 2010	85	40	40	30	0	30	425	210	210
2011 to 2021⁸²	110	45	65	55	25	25	630	325	300
2011 to 2015	110	45	65	25	10	10	330	175	160
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	30	15	15	300	155	140
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	125	95
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	325	155	170	200	100	100	1,300	660	640
Under 5 years	25	15	10	35	20	15	95	50	45
5 to 14 years	70	35	40	30	10	15	120	70	45
15 to 24 years	55	35	20	25	15	10	230	115	120
25 to 44 years	145	60	80	100	45	50	615	320	300
45 years and over	25	10	20	15	10	10	230	115	120
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	325	155	170	200	100	100	1,300	660	640
Americas	20	15	10	25	20	10	65	40	30
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	60	35	25	15	10	10	25	15	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	10	0	0	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	60	20	35	0	0	0	80	45	30
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	0	20	0	0	0	20	15	15
Asia	180	85	95	155	70	85	1,135	565	575
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	20	10	10	0	0	0	35	20	15
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	65	25	45	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	40	15	25	125	75	55
Viet Nam	0	0	0	10	0	0	20	10	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
India	15	0	0	35	20	15	705	345	355
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	55
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	15	0	0	0	85	45	45
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	35	20	15	300	155	145
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	25	15	10	270	150	120
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	90
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	25	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,035	560	480	555	310	255	2,490	1,270	1,220
First generation¹⁰⁰	340	165	175	205	100	105	1,545	800	740
Second generation¹⁰¹	285	155	125	130	70	60	615	305	315
Third generation or more¹⁰²	410	240	175	220	135	85	330	165	165
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	270	120	150	175	80	95	1,280	655	630
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	155	75	85	75	35	45	400	235	165
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	55	45	10	40	20	25	180	135	45
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	100	25	70	35	15	20	225	100	120
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	70	20	55	75	40	35	615	260	350
Refugees¹⁰⁸	40	30	10	15	0	15	240	140	100
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	10	10	0	25	20	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	270	120	150	175	80	95	1,280	655	630
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	20	10	10	80	55	20
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	25	10	15	10	0	10	60	35	20
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	240	115	125	140	75	70	1,085	530	560
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,035	555	475	555	310	255	2,490	1,270	1,220
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	375	185	185	265	145	120	2,145	1,115	1,035
South Asian	35	10	20	70	40	30	1,475	755	720
Chinese	110	60	50	70	40	35	20	10	15
Black	65	35	35	0	0	0	175	95	85
Filipino	0	0	0	75	35	40	165	80	85
Arab	75	30	40	0	0	0	100	50	50
Latin American	0	0	0	20	15	0	65	40	30
Southeast Asian	30	15	15	0	0	0	85	45	35
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	25	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	655	370	290	295	165	130	345	155	185
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,030	560	480	560	305	250	2,485	1,265	1,220
Canadian	130	65	65	60	40	25	115	45	75
English	210	110	100	105	60	40	70	30	40
Irish	110	60	55	60	40	15	50	20	35
Scottish	150	70	75	70	45	25	25	25	10
French, n.o.s.¹²²	70	45	30	45	25	25	40	20	25
German	140	75	60	35	15	15	90	45	50
Chinese	100	50	45	45	30	15	10	0	0
Italian	105	60	40	25	10	20	20	0	15
Indian (India)	30	15	15	50	35	20	660	340	325
Ukrainian	50	35	15	10	0	0	45	25	25
Dutch	45	20	25	0	0	0	55	30	30
Polish	25	20	0	30	15	20	20	0	15
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	45	25	20	10	0	0	35	20	20
Filipino	0	0	0	90	45	45	130	60	70
French Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0
Métis	15	0	15	15	15	0	15	10	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Russian	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	55	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	55	15	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	90
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	40	20	20	0	0	0	20	10	10
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	135	110
Vietnamese	0	0	0	10	0	10	55	35	25
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	50	20	30	0	0	0	35	15	25
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	25
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	250	185
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,035	555	475	555	310	255	2,490	1,270	1,220
Buddhist	40	20	25	0	0	0	50	25	25
Christian	505	270	235	300	155	145	395	190	200
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	120	55	60	10	0	0	50	25	25
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	10	0	10	0	0	0	25	10	15
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catholic	160	95	65	240	125	120	260	135	125
Christian Orthodox	45	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	65	45	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	20	15	10	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindu	15	10	10	0	0	0	225	105	130
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	115	55	55	0	0	0	385	180	200
Sikh	0	0	0	45	30	15	1,050	560	490
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	345	195	150	210	120	90	370	200	170
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,025	545	480	560	305	250	2,460	1,250	1,210
Non-movers	955	515	440	515	280	230	2,160	1,095	1,065
Movers	70	35	35	45	25	15	295	155	145
Non-migrants	55	30	30	35	20	10	165	85	80
Migrants	10	0	10	10	0	0	135	70	65
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	975	525	455	550	295	255	2,330	1,175	1,155
Non-movers	765	420	350	420	235	185	1,415	660	760
Movers	210	100	105	125	65	65	915	520	395
Non-migrants	175	90	85	70	30	40	405	240	170
Migrants	35	10	25	60	35	25	510	280	230
Internal migrants	30	10	25	45	25	20	135	80	55
Intraprovincial migrants	20	0	20	40	20	15	55	35	20
Interprovincial migrants	10	0	10	0	0	0	75	45	35
External migrants	0	0	0	20	15	0	375	200	175
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	845	450	390	520	280	245	1,950	1,000	955
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	110	70	45	95	45	55	545	255	285
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	735	385	350	420	230	195	1,405	735	670
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	595	295	300	340	195	145	1,355	685	670
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	50	30	15	40	20	15	295	150	150
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	550	270	280	300	175	125	1,060	535	520
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	845	455	395	520	275	245	1,950	995	955
No certificate, diploma or degree	105	60	45	95	45	50	515	245	265
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	240	120	115	165	90	80	565	315	250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	510	270	240	260	140	120	870	435	440
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	260	155	105	130	70	55	370	220	155
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	90	70	20	25	25	0	65	40	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	15	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	70	60	15	25	25	0	35	35	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	155	70	85	70	35	30	240	150	90
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	15	0	35	10	20	70	25	40
Bachelor's degree or higher	250	115	130	135	70	60	500	215	285
Bachelor's degree	150	70	90	105	55	50	360	140	210
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Master's degree	90	50	40	25	15	15	110	55	55
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	600	300	295	340	195	140	1,355	685	670
No certificate, diploma or degree	40	30	15	35	20	15	275	145	135
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	135	60	80	90	60	35	380	210	170
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	420	210	205	210	115	90	705	335	370
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	215	125	90	110	60	45	240	130	115
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	85	65	20	20	20	0	50	40	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	15	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	70	55	15	20	20	0	30	30	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	120	55	70	60	30	30	155	85	70
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	0	25	10	15	35	0	25
Bachelor's degree or higher	200	85	115	105	55	50	460	200	255
Bachelor's degree	120	45	70	75	40	40	325	130	190
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Master's degree	80	40	35	25	10	10	110	50	55
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	845	455	395	520	275	245	1,950	995	955
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	335	180	155	265	135	130	1,080	560	515
Education	25	0	25	10	0	10	45	10	30
13. Education	25	0	25	10	0	10	45	10	30
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Humanities	20	10	15	0	0	0	105	30	75
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0	0	0	20	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	0	0	0	70	25	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15	0	15	25	15	10	60	25	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	30	15	15
Business, management and public administration	110	55	55	70	30	40	220	100	115
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	10	10	0	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	100	55	45	60	20	40	205	95	110
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	0	20	10	0	0	55	25	30
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	0	15	0	0	0	25	15	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	10	0	0	40	10	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	10	0	0	35	10	25
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	195	155	35	95	80	20	160	145	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	65	40	20	30	20	10	55	50	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	55	45	10	30	20	0	60	55	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	40	35	10	10	10	0	20	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20	20	0	10	10	0
48. Precision production	25	25	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	0	0	0	25	25	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	65	0	60	35	0	30	135	35	100
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	60	0	60	25	0	25	135	35	100
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	0	10	0	0	0	35	25	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	0	0	0	15	10	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	595	300	300	340	200	145	1,360	690	670
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	180	85	90	130	80	50	655	355	300
Education	20	0	15	10	0	10	30	10	25
13. Education	20	0	15	10	0	10	30	10	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Humanities	20	10	15	0	0	0	90	20	70
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	0	0	0	65	20	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15	0	15	20	10	10	50	25	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	30	15	15
Business, management and public administration	70	30	35	50	20	30	155	65	90
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65	30	30	45	20	30	150	55	90
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	0	20	0	0	0	40	20	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	0	15	0	0	0	20	15	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0	35	10	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	0	0	0	25	0	20
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	170	130	35	80	65	20	145	125	20
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	55	35	20	20	10	10	50	50	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	40	35	10	30	20	0	55	50	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	35	30	0	10	10	0	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15	15	0	10	10	0
48. Precision production	25	25	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	60	0	55	25	0	20	115	30	85
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	55	0	55	20	0	20	115	30	85
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	0	10	0	0	0	20	15	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	0	0	0	15	10	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	595	300	300	340	200	145	1,360	690	670
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	180	85	90	130	80	50	655	355	300
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	420	215	205	210	120	95	700	330	370
Location of study inside Canada	295	160	130	145	85	70	260	145	115
Same as province or territory of residence	225	130	95	125	70	55	190	85	100
Different than province or territory of residence	65	35	35	25	10	10	70	55	15
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	125	50	75	65	35	30	440	185	250
Americas	20	0	20	10	10	0	15	0	15
United States of America	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	30	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Asia	60	30	30	55	25	30	405	165	235
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	15	10	20	0	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	20	10	10	90	40	45
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Other locations of study in Asia	20	10	10	0	0	0	30	10	20
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	845	455	395	520	275	245	1,950	995	955
In the labour force	580	325	255	375	195	180	1,370	760	610
Employed	515	305	210	315	160	155	1,210	695	520
Unemployed	65	20	40	60	35	25	160	65	90
Not in the labour force	265	130	140	145	80	65	580	235	345
Participation rate	68.6	71.4	64.6	72.1	70.9	73.5	70.3	76.4	63.9
Employment rate	60.9	67.0	53.2	60.6	58.2	63.3	62.1	69.8	54.5
Unemployment rate	11.2	6.2	15.7	16.0	17.9	13.9	11.7	8.6	14.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	845	455	395	520	275	245	1,950	995	955
Did not work¹⁸⁶	315	140	175	185	85	95	715	305	405
Worked	535	315	220	340	190	150	1,240	690	545
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	270	170	105	175	95	80	595	370	220
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	260	145	115	165	95	70	645	320	325
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.4	41.2	40.1	39.4	40.8	39.2	41.4	36.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	575	325	250	375	195	175	1,370	760	610
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	15	25	0	15	35	10	25
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	560	315	240	355	190	160	1,330	745	585
Employee	460	245	215	320	180	140	1,185	640	545
Permanent position	390	200	190	265	135	130	965	510	455
Temporary position	75	50	25	60	45	15	225	130	95
Fixed term (1 year or more)	20	0	10	10	10	0	70	40	25
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	60	45	10	50	35	15	155	90	65
Self-employed¹⁹²	100	70	30	35	15	20	145	110	40
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	575	325	250	375	195	175	1,370	760	610
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	15	25	0	15	35	10	25
All occupations¹⁹¹	560	315	240	355	190	160	1,330	745	585
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	80	40	40	55	20	40	185	75	110
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	70	45	20	45	30	10	60	55	0
3 Health occupations	30	0	30	15	0	15	75	20	55
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	60	15	45	50	25	20	80	10	70
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20	15	10	0	0	0	15	0	10
6 Sales and service occupations	140	60	80	100	40	60	435	210	230
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	120	105	15	65	65	0	400	335	65
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	20	15	0	20	0	10	80	40	40
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	575	325	250	375	195	175	1,370	760	610
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	15	25	0	15	35	10	25
All industries¹⁹¹	560	315	240	355	190	160	1,330	745	585
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	10	0	20	10	15	15	10	0
22 Utilities	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
23 Construction	60	55	10	20	20	0	65	65	0
31-33 Manufacturing	30	30	0	15	0	0	105	50	60
41 Wholesale trade	15	20	0	25	20	0	40	30	15
44-45 Retail trade	50	15	35	40	15	20	215	130	85
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	35	20	10	35	35	0	245	190	55
51 Information and cultural industries	35	20	15	0	0	0	30	20	0
52 Finance and insurance	30	20	10	10	0	0	55	20	40
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	10	0	10	10	0	20	15	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	35	30	0	45	20	25	60	30	30
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	40	40	10	15	0	10	100	65	35
61 Educational services	40	15	20	20	10	10	40	10	30
62 Health care and social assistance	85	10	75	35	10	25	125	20	105
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	0	10	20	10	10	15	0	15
72 Accommodation and food services	30	15	10	25	10	15	105	40	65
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	10	0	10	55	35	20
91 Public administration	15	10	10	15	10	0	25	10	20
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	600	335	260	360	200	160	1,435	800	630
English	570	320	250	340	190	145	1,275	705	565
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10	55	40	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	10	0	10	55	40	15
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0	0	0	95	55	40
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	600	335	260	360	200	160	1,435	800	630
Single responses	595	335	260	360	200	160	1,420	785	630
Official languages	580	330	250	350	200	155	1,330	730	605
English	580	330	250	350	200	155	1,330	730	605
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-official languages	15	0	10	10	0	10	90	55	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	0	10	10	0	10	90	55	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	20
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	20
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	15	0	10	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	600	335	260	360	200	160	1,435	800	630
None	580	325	250	350	195	155	1,345	760	585
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	515	305	210	315	165	155	1,215	695	520
Worked at home	150	85	70	70	40	30	135	60	70
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	115	95	20	45	40	10	290	235	55
Usual place of work	250	125	125	200	85	110	780	395	390
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	250	125	125	195	85	110	780	390	390
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	220	110	110	170	70	100	690	335	350
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	25	15	0	20	15	10	90	55	40
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	370	220	150	245	125	120	1,075	630	440
Car, truck or van	360	220	145	210	115	100	885	565	320
Car, truck or van - as a driver	330	205	125	180	105	80	790	510	270
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	35	10	20	30	10	20	100	55	45
Public transit	0	0	0	15	0	15	165	55	105
Walked	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	20	10	10	20	0	20
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	370	220	150	245	125	120	1,075	630	440
Less than 15 minutes	50	25	25	60	25	40	200	120	80
15 to 29 minutes	205	120	80	100	55	50	485	310	175
30 to 44 minutes	110	75	35	55	40	15	235	145	90
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	15	0	10	55	15	40
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	15	10	10	95	35	65
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	370	220	150	245	125	120	1,075	630	440
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	25	10	10	15	10	0	105	65	40
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	70	45	25	35	15	20	150	90	60
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	105	55	45	55	40	15	230	140	90
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	55	20	35	45	20	30	175	105	65
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	50	25	25	30	15	15	140	70	75
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	70	60	10	60	25	30	280	165	115
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	255	145	115	130	70	60	640	320	315
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	10	0	5	5	0	25	10	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	240	135	110	125	70	60	615	310	305
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	185	105	80	105	60	45	460	230	230
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	0	5	5	0	20	10	15
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	5	5	0	10	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	180	100	80	100	55	45	440	220	220

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...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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