Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48060300More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48060744More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48061601More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	457	...	...	979	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	223	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	167	...	...	373	...	...	638,160	...	...	81	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	164	...	...	360	...	...	604,628	...	...	80	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,458.3	...	...	2,683.7	...	...	126.1	...	...	2,680.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.19	...	...	0.36	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	0.08	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	455	240	210	980	470	510	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	220	115	110
0 to 14 years	80	45	35	215	95	120	294,075	151,285	142,785	25	15	10
0 to 4 years	30	10	20	60	30	35	89,790	46,155	43,630	0	0	0
5 to 9 years	20	20	5	75	35	40	100,905	51,680	49,225	5	0	5
10 to 14 years	25	20	10	85	35	50	103,380	53,450	49,930	15	10	5
15 to 64 years	290	155	140	715	355	365	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	120	55	60
15 to 19 years	30	20	10	100	45	55	92,025	47,355	44,675	15	5	5
20 to 24 years	30	15	10	35	20	15	91,515	47,260	44,260	15	10	5
25 to 29 years	15	10	10	30	15	15	101,235	50,320	50,915	5	5	0
30 to 34 years	25	10	20	55	30	25	123,235	60,255	62,980	0	0	5
35 to 39 years	40	25	15	100	45	50	132,045	64,950	67,095	5	0	5
40 to 44 years	35	15	20	85	40	45	121,735	60,110	61,625	10	5	5
45 to 49 years	25	15	10	95	45	50	111,345	55,485	55,860	15	5	5
50 to 54 years	20	10	15	100	55	45	103,325	51,835	51,490	15	5	10
55 to 59 years	30	15	15	85	35	45	101,580	50,260	51,320	10	0	15
60 to 64 years	40	20	20	40	25	20	96,735	47,710	49,020	25	10	15
65 years and over	80	45	40	45	20	25	221,795	103,495	118,300	80	40	40
65 to 69 years	20	10	10	20	10	15	78,095	38,250	39,845	35	20	15
70 to 74 years	25	10	15	10	5	5	58,785	28,310	30,475	25	10	10
75 to 79 years	15	10	10	10	5	0	36,570	17,235	19,340	5	0	5
80 to 84 years	15	10	0	5	0	5	23,750	10,405	13,350	5	0	5
85 years and over	10	5	5	0	0	0	24,595	9,300	15,290	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	5	5	5	0	0	0	15,285	6,230	9,050	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	5	5	0	0	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.6	18.8	16.7	21.9	20.2	23.5	18.5	19.1	17.8	11.4	13.0	9.1
15 to 64 years	63.7	64.6	66.7	73.0	75.5	71.6	67.6	67.8	67.4	54.5	47.8	54.5
65 years and over	17.6	18.8	19.0	4.6	4.3	4.9	13.9	13.1	14.8	36.4	34.8	36.4
85 years and over	2.2	2.1	2.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.5	1.2	1.9	2.3	0.0	4.5
Average age of the population	41.4	40.4	42.4	35.0	35.5	34.4	38.9	38.3	39.6	49.8	47.2	52.8
Median age of the population	40.8	38.4	42.8	37.6	38.0	36.8	38.4	38.0	39.2	56.8	52.0	58.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	160	...	...	360	...	...	604,630	...	...	80	...	...
Single-detached house	135	...	...	205	...	...	351,925	...	...	80	...	...
Semi-detached house	25	...	...	125	...	...	39,065	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	15	...	...	57,180	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	15	...	...	21,855	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	89,225	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	165	...	...	360	...	...	604,630	...	...	80	...	...
1 person	25	...	...	70	...	...	151,770	...	...	5	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	105	...	...	196,980	...	...	40	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	70	...	...	96,165	...	...	15	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	95	...	...	97,780	...	...	10	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	25	...	...	61,930	...	...	10	...	...
Number of persons in private households	460	245	210	975	465	510	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	225	115	110
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	380	200	175	760	375	385	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	195	95	95
Married or living common-law	250	125	125	515	260	255	773,480	387,015	386,465	145	75	75
Married	215	110	110	420	210	210	657,160	328,650	328,510	140	70	75
Living common-law	35	20	20	100	50	45	116,320	58,365	57,960	10	5	5
Living common law - Never married	20	10	10	70	40	30	87,265	43,935	43,330	0	0	0
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	10	5	30	10	15	23,185	11,490	11,690	0	0	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	125	70	55	245	115	130	523,090	252,020	271,065	45	25	25
Not married and not living common law - Never married	85	55	30	185	90	95	364,145	197,890	166,255	35	25	15
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	0	5	10	5	5	29,375	12,665	16,710	0	0	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	20	10	10	40	20	25	79,920	30,945	48,970	5	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	5	5	10	0	5	49,640	10,520	39,125	5	0	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	140	...	...	280	...	...	438,900	...	...	80	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	105	...	...	204,395	...	...	45	...	...
3 persons	15	...	...	65	...	...	94,815	...	...	15	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	90	...	...	97,660	...	...	15	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	20	...	...	42,025	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	140	...	...	285	...	...	438,900	...	...	80	...	...
Total couple families	125	...	...	255	...	...	377,050	...	...	75	...	...
Married couples	105	...	...	210	...	...	318,890	...	...	70	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	155	...	...	190,345	...	...	30	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	55	...	...	128,545	...	...	40	...	...
Common-law couples	15	...	...	50	...	...	58,160	...	...	5	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	15	...	...	19,165	...	...	0	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	35	...	...	38,995	...	...	0	...	...
Total one-parent families	15	...	...	30	...	...	61,850	...	...	5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	15	...	...	25	...	...	47,785	...	...	5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	0	...	...	5	...	...	14,065	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	460	245	215	975	465	510	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	225	115	105
Total - Persons in census families	405	210	195	885	430	455	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	215	115	100
Married spouses or common-law partners	250	120	120	510	260	255	754,090	377,085	377,010	145	75	75
Parents in one-parent families	15	0	15	30	10	20	61,855	14,065	47,790	5	0	5
Children⁶	140	85	55	345	165	180	492,710	260,395	232,315	65	40	25
In a two-parent family	115	70	45	300	145	155	396,580	208,580	188,000	55	35	20
In a one-parent family	25	15	10	45	20	30	96,130	51,815	44,315	5	5	5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	50	30	15	95	40	50	263,280	130,670	132,615	5	0	5
Living alone	25	20	5	65	30	40	151,765	71,605	80,165	5	0	5
Living with other relatives⁷	10	0	5	5	0	5	40,060	17,085	22,975	0	0	0
Living with non-relatives only	15	10	5	15	10	10	71,460	41,975	29,480	0	0	0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	165	...	...	360	...	...	604,630	...	...	80	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	120	...	...	275	...	...	375,185	...	...	70	...	...
Couple-family households	110	...	...	250	...	...	328,515	...	...	65	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	165	...	...	182,665	...	...	25	...	...
Without children	55	...	...	85	...	...	145,845	...	...	40	...	...
One-parent-family households	10	...	...	25	...	...	46,670	...	...	5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	0	...	...	20,165	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,730	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	5	...	...	22,485	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	0	...	...	10	...	...	30,295	...	...	0	...	...
One-person households	25	...	...	70	...	...	151,765	...	...	5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	375	195	180	760	370	385	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	200	100	100
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	355	185	170	705	350	355	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	x	x	x
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	52,800	33,600	81,000	98,000	65,500	44,800	52,400	39,200	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	355	185	170	710	350	355	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	45,200	31,200	66,500	79,500	57,200	40,400	46,000	36,000	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	325	175	155	690	340	345	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	x	x	x
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	46,800	23,800	81,000	101,000	62,400	40,800	50,000	32,400	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	245	140	115	615	310	305	922,195	474,800	447,395	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	48,000	36,400	81,000	100,000	64,500	42,400	50,800	34,800	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	320	160	155	550	260	290	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	x	x	x
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	6,000	9,800	1,640	980	3,240	7,600	5,600	9,100	x	x	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35	20	20	55	15	35	136,975	64,415	72,555	x	x	x
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	x	x	4,760	x	5,680	5,800	5,760	5,880	x	x	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	105	50	50	175	80	95	384,535	184,820	199,710	x	x	x
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,000	8,000	8,000	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	350	195	155	780	410	370	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	165	80	85
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	310	170	140	695	365	325	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	x	x	x
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,000	75,500	52,000	105,400	112,800	96,800	65,500	78,400	52,850	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	310	170	140	695	365	330	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,000	60,800	45,000	79,600	84,800	73,600	53,050	61,750	44,560	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	295	165	135	660	350	310	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	x	x	x
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,400	69,000	45,000	104,600	114,000	94,000	62,300	76,300	48,160	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	235	130	105	585	315	275	922,200	475,075	447,125	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,000	73,000	50,000	97,200	111,000	82,000	60,800	73,200	47,640	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	275	150	125	560	295	265	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	x	x	x
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600	10,200	11,200	7,160	5,960	8,500	10,020	8,930	11,050	x	x	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45	20	25	65	35	30	136,685	64,550	72,135	x	x	x
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	9,000	7,200	4,600	4,000	5,200	7,070	6,620	7,480	x	x	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75	45	35	180	95	90	383,100	184,610	198,485	x	x	x
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	7,800	9,500	9,700	10,400	9,000	9,270	9,160	9,380	x	x	x
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	350	190	155	775	405	370	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	170	85	80
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	95	50	45	335	200	135	432,255	245,295	186,965	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	89,000	68,000	104,000	136,000	97,000	73,000	80,000	65,000	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	92,000	112,000	68,000	144,000	157,000	124,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	130	70	55	195	70	125	374,345	173,060	201,290	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	27,000	18,200	19,000	20,000	17,400	20,400	23,400	18,400	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,500	42,000	37,000	44,800	42,000	46,000	33,960	40,480	28,360	x	x	x
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.0	88.0	80.0	94.4	96.0	92.0	86.6	90.2	81.4	x	x	x
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.0	72.0	72.0	78.5	84.0	71.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	x	x	x
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.6	12.0	19.5	5.5	4.2	7.2	13.4	9.8	18.5	x	x	x
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.4	2.4	0.4	0.3	0.5	1.2	0.9	1.7	x	x	x
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.9	2.8	5.6	2.6	2.4	2.8	5.0	3.9	6.5	x	x	x
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.4	2.4	5.0	2.4	2.3	2.5	4.5	3.6	5.7	x	x	x
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	380	200	175	760	375	385	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	x	x	x
Without total income	20	15	10	55	20	35	63,430	30,900	32,525	x	x	x
With total income	355	185	170	705	350	350	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	15	15	70	30	35	107,500	44,415	63,085	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	35	10	25	45	20	25	115,465	47,780	67,690	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	45	15	35	35	15	20	178,230	78,800	99,430	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	50	20	25	45	20	25	142,910	61,170	81,740	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	35	25	15	40	15	25	122,655	55,960	66,690	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	15	35	10	25	101,530	48,280	53,245	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	10	50	15	35	85,080	42,725	42,355	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	10	30	15	15	68,705	36,885	31,825	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	25	15	5	35	15	20	53,900	30,515	23,385	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	20	10	10	50	15	30	45,345	25,570	19,775	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	60	40	15	270	175	100	193,625	128,165	65,460	x	x	x
$100,000 to $149,999	45	30	20	120	70	50	113,250	69,295	43,955	x	x	x
$150,000 and over	10	10	0	150	100	45	80,375	58,870	21,505	x	x	x
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	380	200	175	760	375	385	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	x	x	x
Without after-tax income	20	15	10	55	20	35	62,710	30,505	32,210	x	x	x
With after-tax income	355	185	170	705	350	355	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	20	15	70	30	40	112,205	46,185	66,020	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	35	10	25	45	20	20	120,545	50,115	70,430	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	60	20	35	45	20	25	201,940	89,680	112,255	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	50	25	20	50	20	35	166,565	73,405	93,160	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	50	35	15	50	20	35	143,135	67,430	75,705	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	20	5	10	55	25	30	114,565	57,190	57,380	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	30	20	10	55	20	30	87,375	47,045	40,330	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	25	20	5	55	20	35	65,115	36,810	28,305	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	5	55	30	25	51,690	28,935	22,760	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	25	10	10	35,160	21,215	13,945	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	20	15	5	200	135	70	117,360	82,665	34,700	x	x	x
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	5	70	40	25	48,950	32,240	16,710	x	x	x
$125,000 and over	10	5	0	130	90	45	68,410	50,430	17,985	x	x	x
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	380	200	175	760	375	385	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	x	x	x
Without employment income	125	60	70	145	65	80	356,175	156,380	199,795	x	x	x
With employment income	250	135	110	615	310	310	922,200	474,800	447,395	x	x	x
Under $5,000 (including loss)	20	15	10	75	40	35	116,020	54,130	61,895	x	x	x
$5,000 to $9,999	20	5	10	45	20	25	73,350	31,190	42,165	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	30	10	20	30	10	20	101,970	44,705	57,260	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	25	15	10	25	10	20	78,390	35,640	42,745	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	20	10	10	20	5	10	73,695	34,455	39,235	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	20	15	5	20	5	15	71,335	34,515	36,815	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	15	0	10	35	10	20	67,050	32,805	34,245	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	10	10	5	30	10	15	60,120	30,900	29,220	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	0	25	15	15	49,420	27,665	21,750	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	5	30	10	25	40,555	23,400	17,160	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	10	0	5	50	10	35	37,010	20,630	16,375	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	45	30	20	235	160	75	153,280	104,755	48,525	x	x	x
$100,000 to $124,999	25	15	10	70	45	25	61,175	36,970	24,210	x	x	x
$125,000 and over	15	15	5	165	120	50	92,100	67,780	24,320	x	x	x
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	375	195	180	760	370	385	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	200	100	100
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	355	185	170	680	340	340	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	x	x	x
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	54,800	34,800	88,000	107,000	74,000	44,400	53,200	37,600	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	355	185	170	680	340	340	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	48,400	31,600	71,500	87,000	63,200	40,000	46,400	34,400	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	330	175	160	670	330	335	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	x	x	x
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,800	26,800	88,000	106,000	72,000	43,600	52,800	35,600	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	260	140	115	600	300	300	923,490	475,205	448,285	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	51,200	33,600	85,000	103,000	75,500	44,800	53,600	37,600	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	300	150	150	490	235	255	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	x	x	x
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,460	1,050	4,960	890	785	900	1,190	960	3,040	x	x	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	25	10	15	40	15	25	85,480	38,765	46,720	x	x	x
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	x	x	7,700	x	8,300	6,450	5,680	7,200	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	350	195	155	780	410	370	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	165	80	85
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	310	170	145	675	355	320	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	x	x	x
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,000	79,500	48,000	106,800	125,200	86,800	65,500	80,000	51,400	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	310	170	145	675	355	320	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,200	63,600	41,000	80,000	90,400	68,400	52,650	62,600	43,000	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	295	160	135	665	350	315	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	x	x	x
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,600	75,500	45,000	105,200	124,400	84,000	65,600	80,800	50,200	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	225	125	100	605	310	290	923,490	475,385	448,110	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,000	82,000	53,000	99,200	118,000	79,500	64,100	77,600	49,760	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	260	140	115	495	260	245	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	x	x	x
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	7,900	7,200	4,180	3,000	5,400	6,130	5,076	7,130	x	x	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40	25	15	40	0	25	84,820	38,275	46,545	x	x	x
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200	6,000	9,000	13,000	...	12,000	8,200	7,120	9,080	x	x	x
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	350	190	155	775	405	370	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	170	85	80
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	90	50	40	340	200	140	428,265	243,165	185,105	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	84,000	91,000	61,200	106,000	128,000	95,000	70,500	78,500	62,000	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	96,000	116,000	72,000	139,500	155,000	116,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	120	65	55	190	65	125	353,070	163,500	189,570	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,400	38,800	22,600	29,200	55,600	22,000	28,800	33,200	25,600	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	48,000	52,000	42,000	59,200	76,000	51,000	43,720	53,050	35,720	x	x	x
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x
Market income (%)	90.0	92.0	88.0	97.2	98.0	96.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	x	x	x
Employment income (%)	77.0	76.0	78.0	83.0	82.0	84.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	x	x	x
Government transfers (%)	9.8	8.4	12.0	2.9	1.7	4.7	7.9	5.3	11.9	x	x	x
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	2.0	0.7	x	1.0	0.9	0.6	1.4	x	x	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	165	...	...	360	...	...	604,630	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	172,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	25	...	...	70	...	...	151,765	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	50,400	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	74,000	...	...	44,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	140	...	...	295	...	...	452,860	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	192,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	155,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	155	...	...	365	...	...	604,630	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	200,000	...	...	131,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	152,500	...	...	106,600	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	90	...	...	151,830	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	67,800	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	55,250	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	125	...	...	275	...	...	452,795	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	230,000	...	...	152,800	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	174,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	165	...	...	360	...	...	604,630	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	6,730	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,245	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,475	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,245	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	16,055	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	16,860	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	14,380	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	16,415	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	17,790	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	17,750	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	36,405	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	37,740	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	37,230	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	35,705	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	34,355	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	85	...	...	265	...	...	303,255	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	35	...	...	74,975	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	58,215	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	30	...	...	65	...	...	76,310	...	...	x	...	...
$200,000 and over	25	...	...	150	...	...	93,755	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	165	...	...	360	...	...	604,630	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	7,625	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,380	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,615	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,745	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	17,335	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	19,015	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	16,770	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,345	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	21,320	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	21,155	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	44,695	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	45,520	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	44,095	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	42,705	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	38,715	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	80	...	...	245	...	...	251,600	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	40	...	...	78,970	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	45	...	...	56,565	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 and over	40	...	...	165	...	...	116,060	...	...	x	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	135	...	...	285	...	...	431,155	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	196,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	155,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	90	...	...	151,045	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	174,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	142,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	165	...	...	209,715	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	236,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	184,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	30	...	...	56,700	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	109,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	101,000	...	...	68,500	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	40	30	15	80	35	45	223,225	113,580	109,645	5	0	0
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200	48,000	x	80,000	58,800	86,000	44,400	46,000	43,200	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400	42,400	x	65,000	50,400	73,500	40,000	40,800	38,800	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	115	...	...	280	...	...	431,010	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	228,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	174,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	85	...	...	151,205	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	148,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	122,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	55	...	...	155	...	...	209,670	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	175,000	...	...	292,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	216,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	30	...	...	56,445	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	140,000	...	...	90,200	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	110,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	70	55	0	90	55	35	223,320	113,715	109,605	0	0	0
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	64,000	70,000	x	108,000	100,000	120,000	60,050	61,950	58,050	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,000	58,000	x	82,000	78,000	90,000	49,640	50,640	48,560	x	x	x
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	455	240	210	975	470	505	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	100	60	40	285	125	160	349,785	179,925	169,860	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	35	10	25	80	30	50	109,785	56,290	53,495	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	275	140	135	645	325	325	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	x	x	x
65 years and over	80	45	40	45	20	25	209,135	99,390	109,740	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	30	15	10	35	20	15	134,160	64,550	69,610	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	0	5	0	10	5	0	35,370	18,260	17,110	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,490	5,880	5,610	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	20	15	5	25	10	15	78,110	37,880	40,225	x	x	x
65 years and over	5	0	5	0	0	0	20,680	8,400	12,270	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.0	6.0	6.0	3.6	4.4	2.8	8.5	8.3	8.8	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	2.5	4.0	x	10.1	10.2	10.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	9.0	6.0	4.0	4.5	3.6	7.7	7.5	7.9	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	9.9	8.5	11.2	x	x	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	460	245	215	975	465	510	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	95	60	35	285	125	160	349,790	179,930	169,855	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	30	10	20	80	35	45	109,785	56,290	53,500	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	275	140	135	645	320	320	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	x	x	x
65 years and over	85	45	40	40	20	25	209,130	99,390	109,740	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	15	5	5	20	15	5	81,680	42,310	39,370	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,085	9,305	8,780	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,890	2,730	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	10	5	0	15	10	5	57,155	29,990	27,170	x	x	x
65 years and over	5	0	5	0	0	0	6,440	3,015	3,420	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	3.0	3.0	2.0	2.4	1.2	5.2	5.4	5.0	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	5.2	5.2	5.2	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	3.6	4.0	3.0	2.4	3.0	2.0	5.6	6.0	5.3	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	460	245	210	975	470	505	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	x	x	x
In bottom half of the distribution	155	85	75	165	80	90	673,690	328,825	344,865	x	x	x
In bottom decile	15	10	10	35	20	15	124,250	62,485	61,770	x	x	x
In second decile	25	15	15	20	10	10	132,700	62,320	70,380	x	x	x
In third decile	40	20	20	35	15	20	133,855	64,900	68,960	x	x	x
In fourth decile	40	20	15	40	15	25	138,980	68,120	70,855	x	x	x
In fifth decile	35	15	20	35	20	15	143,905	71,000	72,900	x	x	x
In top half of the distribution	305	160	140	805	390	415	898,245	453,385	444,865	x	x	x
In sixth decile	55	25	25	40	15	20	150,845	75,135	75,710	x	x	x
In seventh decile	55	30	25	75	35	45	155,985	78,075	77,910	x	x	x
In eighth decile	80	50	35	90	40	45	164,975	82,995	81,980	x	x	x
In ninth decile	55	30	25	165	75	90	181,315	91,520	89,795	x	x	x
In top decile	55	30	25	440	220	220	245,130	125,660	119,470	x	x	x
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	460	...	...	975	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	x	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.280	...	...	0.330	...	...	0.374	...	...	x	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.368	...	...	0.361	...	...	0.467	...	...	x	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.244	...	...	0.287	...	...	0.326	...	...	x	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	4.4	...	...	4.0	...	...	x	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	460	245	215	980	470	510	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	225	115	105
English only	415	220	190	790	395	395	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	205	105	95
French only	0	0	0	5	0	0	980	425	555	0	0	0
English and French	40	20	20	185	75	110	103,090	47,140	55,945	10	5	5
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,235	13,810	20,420	5	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	460	245	215	980	470	510	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	225	115	105
English	445	240	205	955	460	495	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	215	115	105
French	5	5	5	25	15	10	20,675	10,250	10,425	0	0	0
English and French	5	5	5	0	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,340	13,355	19,985	5	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	460	245	215	980	470	510	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	225	115	105
Single responses	445	235	210	950	460	490	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	215	110	105
Official languages	390	215	180	870	425	445	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	115	60	50
English	385	210	170	840	410	430	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	110	60	55
French	5	5	5	25	15	10	20,090	9,970	10,115	0	0	0
Non-official languages	55	25	35	85	40	50	415,050	198,790	216,260	105	50	50
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	270	380	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	25	35	85	40	50	414,405	198,525	215,885	105	50	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,495	18,255	17,240	0	0	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,085	16,545	15,535	0	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,355	11,215	10,145	0	0	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,785	6,645	8,140	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,810	6,185	7,625	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0	10	0	10	55,755	24,650	31,110	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	415	555	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	0	0	0	45,300	20,005	25,290	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	15	20	50	25	20	203,750	100,055	103,695	35	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	15	10	5	30,225	13,960	16,270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	5	5	15	10	5	29,740	13,735	16,005	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	5	0	0	7,595	3,540	4,050	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	5	5	5	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	5	4,905	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	435	460	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	5	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	10	10	5	17,580	8,490	9,090	5	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	5	5	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	0	0	0
German	10	5	5	5	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5	5	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	1,290	635	650	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	106,625	53,665	52,955	25	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	93,240	46,930	46,305	20	15	10
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	5	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,565	3,380	3,180	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,495	4,290	4,205	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,105	24,690	24,420	10	5	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,875	8,975	8,905	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,350	6,720	6,630	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,100	5,080	5,020	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	5	20	10	10	45,970	22,265	23,700	5	0	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	0	0	0
Spanish	5	0	5	20	5	10	32,170	15,475	16,695	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	0	5	2,395	800	1,595	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800	0	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	5	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	5	5	5	68,720	31,925	36,790	60	30	30
Chinese languages	10	5	5	5	5	5	67,430	31,300	36,130	60	30	30
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,950	14,765	17,190	35	20	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	5	0	0	32,755	15,315	17,435	25	10	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	220	245	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	5	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	5	5	30	10	20	73,050	35,515	37,535	5	5	0
English and French	0	5	0	10	5	10	6,360	3,080	3,285	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	10	0	5	58,650	28,715	29,930	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	5,680	2,595	3,085	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	460	245	215	980	470	510	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	225	115	105
English	385	215	175	850	415	435	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	125	65	60
French	0	0	0	15	5	5	4,775	2,390	2,390	0	0	0
Non-official language	5	0	5	15	5	5	127,600	60,835	66,760	30	10	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	5	0	5	15	5	5	127,540	60,810	66,730	30	10	20
English and French	15	10	10	25	10	15	14,755	6,925	7,835	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	50	20	25	75	30	40	306,635	148,985	157,650	65	40	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	5	7,715	3,605	4,105	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,395	5,820	6,575	5	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	460	245	215	980	470	510	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	225	115	105
Single responses	455	240	210	955	460	495	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	205	105	100
Official languages	420	235	190	925	445	475	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	145	75	70
English	425	235	195	910	440	465	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	145	75	70
French	0	0	0	20	10	10	7,230	3,560	3,665	0	0	0
Non-official languages	30	10	20	35	15	20	259,415	125,675	133,740	60	25	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	10	20	35	15	20	259,295	125,620	133,675	60	25	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,515	11,260	11,260	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,280	10,165	10,115	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,825	6,490	6,335	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,940	4,535	5,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,395	4,280	5,110	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,275	16,595	18,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,630	13,885	15,750	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	5	10	15	5	5	122,940	60,715	62,220	15	10	5
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	14,005	6,710	7,295	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	13,790	6,605	7,190	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	5	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	375	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	470	515	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,180	39,590	39,590	15	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,335	35,225	35,110	10	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,510	2,770	2,740	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,675	20,425	20,245	5	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,930	6,420	6,510	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,825	4,360	4,475	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,765	3,325	3,435	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	5	10	5	5	25,440	12,340	13,100	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0
Spanish	5	0	5	10	5	5	19,825	9,605	10,215	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	47,945	22,570	25,375	40	15	20
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	47,025	22,110	24,915	40	15	20
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,970	11,440	12,530	20	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0	0	0	21,815	10,130	11,685	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	5	0	0	20	5	15	75,555	36,865	38,685	20	10	10
English and French	0	0	0	5	0	5	2,955	1,435	1,520	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	5	10	69,995	34,230	35,770	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	460	245	215	980	470	510	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	225	115	110
None	395	215	185	895	435	460	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	175	90	90
English	20	5	15	20	5	10	104,745	51,660	53,085	20	15	10
French	10	5	10	15	10	10	11,450	5,290	6,160	0	0	0
Non-official language	20	15	10	40	20	25	127,610	60,685	66,920	25	15	5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	15	10	40	20	25	126,970	60,410	66,565	25	15	5
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,885	8,395	8,490	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	5	3,660	1,690	1,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	14,095	6,810	7,285	5	5	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	425	240	180	985	505	480	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	180	105	85
Official languages	420	240	175	985	505	480	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	180	105	85
English	420	240	175	985	505	480	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	180	105	85
French	60	25	30	160	60	100	103,915	47,090	56,830	0	0	0
Non-official languages	65	25	45	225	125	100	562,910	270,945	291,960	60	35	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	65	25	45	225	125	100	561,340	270,320	291,010	60	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,595	28,250	26,345	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,645	26,150	24,495	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,250	18,505	16,750	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,885	9,635	11,250	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,415	8,900	10,515	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	76,815	33,930	42,890	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10	0	10	72,900	32,140	40,755	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	20	35	165	95	70	286,570	140,880	145,685	30	15	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	15	65	30	35	37,905	17,730	20,175	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	10	15	65	30	35	37,610	17,610	20,005	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	15	0	15	9,380	4,430	4,950	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	40	25	15	15,410	7,245	8,165	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	15	0	15	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	20	10	10	27,795	13,485	14,310	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	0	0	0
German	10	0	0	0	0	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	10	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	143,590	72,720	70,870	20	15	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	128,685	65,260	63,425	20	15	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,340	22,980	22,370	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,525	34,920	33,610	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,710	16,195	15,515	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	100	55	40	80,155	38,210	41,945	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	15	10	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	10	70	40	30	60,770	28,640	32,125	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	20	10	10	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	10	0	0	82,875	39,220	43,660	40	15	20
Chinese languages	10	0	10	10	0	0	81,080	38,330	42,750	40	15	20
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,460	21,635	24,825	20	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,910	20,105	22,800	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	425	240	180	985	505	480	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	180	100	85
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,700	25,250	28,450	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,520	24,220	27,300	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,470	10,235	12,230	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	420	235	180	980	495	480	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	180	100	80
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	425	240	180	985	505	480	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	180	100	85
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,145	7,900	9,240	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	425	240	180	985	505	480	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	180	100	85
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	155	...	...	365	...	...	604,630	...	...	70	...	...
Owner	140	...	...	310	...	...	431,680	...	...	70	...	...
Renter	15	...	...	55	...	...	172,945	...	...	0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	155	...	...	365	...	...	604,630	...	...	70	...	...
Condominium	10	...	...	15	...	...	138,505	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	150	...	...	350	...	...	466,125	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	155	...	...	365	...	...	604,630	...	...	70	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	15	...	...	63,480	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	0	...	...	80	...	...	132,670	...	...	0	...	...
3 bedrooms	45	...	...	145	...	...	208,570	...	...	20	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	110	...	...	125	...	...	196,735	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	155	...	...	365	...	...	604,630	...	...	70	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	0	...	...	30	...	...	168,320	...	...	0	...	...
5 rooms	15	...	...	50	...	...	92,700	...	...	10	...	...
6 rooms	15	...	...	45	...	...	85,005	...	...	0	...	...
7 rooms	35	...	...	80	...	...	74,790	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	85	...	...	155	...	...	183,815	...	...	50	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.9	...	...	7.3	...	...	6.3	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	155	...	...	365	...	...	604,630	...	...	70	...	...
One person or fewer per room	155	...	...	365	...	...	587,240	...	...	70	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	17,390	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	155	...	...	365	...	...	604,630	...	...	70	...	...
Suitable	150	...	...	365	...	...	576,220	...	...	70	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	0	...	...	28,410	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	155	...	...	365	...	...	604,630	...	...	70	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	115	...	...	48,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	145	...	...	40	...	...	146,775	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	0	...	...	67,920	...	...	55	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	110	...	...	93,515	...	...	15	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	75	...	...	63,060	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	10	...	...	64,550	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	10	...	...	62,005	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	155	...	...	365	...	...	604,630	...	...	70	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	145	...	...	350	...	...	578,295	...	...	70	...	...
Major repairs needed	10	...	...	15	...	...	26,340	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	155	...	...	365	...	...	604,630	...	...	70	...	...
One-maintainer household	55	...	...	145	...	...	286,505	...	...	25	...	...
Two-maintainer household	95	...	...	220	...	...	282,890	...	...	45	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,230	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	155	...	...	365	...	...	604,630	...	...	70	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,275	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	15	...	...	30	...	...	95,360	...	...	0	...	...
35 to 44 years	30	...	...	85	...	...	132,875	...	...	0	...	...
45 to 54 years	40	...	...	110	...	...	121,200	...	...	15	...	...
55 to 64 years	25	...	...	90	...	...	114,325	...	...	10	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	30	...	...	78,705	...	...	30	...	...
75 to 84 years	15	...	...	15	...	...	34,680	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	150	...	...	365	...	...	599,605	...	...	x	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	130	...	...	310	...	...	466,085	...	...	x	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	15	...	...	50	...	...	133,520	...	...	x	...	...
30% to less than 100%	15	...	...	45	...	...	119,800	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	155	...	...	365	...	...	604,630	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	70	...	...	174,520	...	...	0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10	...	...	55	...	...	121,340	...	...	0	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	0	...	...	22,225	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	15	...	...	17,480	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	135	...	...	295	...	...	430,110	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	145	...	...	360	...	...	585,885	...	...	x	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	20	...	...	55,440	...	...	x	...	...
Not in core need	145	...	...	335	...	...	530,445	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	140	...	...	310	...	...	429,490	...	...	75	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.6	...	...	56.5	...	...	65.7	...	...	33.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	14.5	...	...	17.4	...	...	x	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	6.7	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...	1,860	...	...	1,740	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...	1,840	...	...	1,792	...	...	1,440	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	600,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	665,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	740,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20	...	...	55	...	...	172,840	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.5	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	34.5	...	...	x	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	20.2	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	2,200	...	...	1,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...	2,500	...	...	1,414	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	x	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	425	245	185	985	500	485	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	185	100	80
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	10	10	0	47,230	22,330	24,905	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	10	10	0	45,875	21,725	24,145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	415	235	185	975	490	485	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	180	100	80
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	425	245	185	985	500	485	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	185	100	80
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	420	245	175	905	475	435	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	170	100	70
Canadian citizens aged under 18	95	70	30	255	115	135	325,765	167,940	157,820	35	30	10
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	325	175	150	650	355	295	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	135	70	65
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	0	0	0	80	25	50	174,615	83,940	90,680	10	0	10
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	425	245	185	985	500	485	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	185	100	80
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	355	210	140	795	415	385	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	85	50	35
Immigrants⁸¹	70	30	40	180	85	90	473,580	227,640	245,935	95	50	45
Before 1980	25	15	15	20	0	10	56,750	27,435	29,320	20	20	0
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	30	20	10	44,975	21,950	23,020	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	20	10	10	25	10	15	67,220	32,280	34,935	30	10	15
2001 to 2010	20	0	15	35	20	15	127,170	61,140	66,030	35	15	20
2011 to 2021⁸²	0	0	0	70	30	40	177,465	84,835	92,630	0	0	0
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	0	0	0	89,810	43,015	46,795	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	45	20	30	87,650	41,815	45,835	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	10	0	10	28,410	14,945	13,470	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	70	30	40	175	85	95	473,580	227,640	245,935	95	50	45
Under 5 years	10	0	0	10	0	0	41,205	20,985	20,220	20	10	0
5 to 14 years	20	10	0	50	30	20	79,795	41,370	38,425	0	0	0
15 to 24 years	10	0	10	20	10	10	82,830	37,905	44,930	15	10	10
25 to 44 years	25	10	20	85	40	45	223,080	105,885	117,190	45	20	25
45 years and over	10	0	0	20	0	10	46,670	21,495	25,170	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	70	30	40	175	85	95	473,580	227,640	245,935	95	50	45
Americas	0	0	0	45	15	30	50,280	23,315	26,970	20	10	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	10	10	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	30	10	15	13,395	5,940	7,455	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	0	0	0
Europe	35	15	15	65	35	25	83,855	41,815	42,040	15	10	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	30	25	0	27,675	14,575	13,095	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	15	10	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,355	27,975	27,385	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,410	9,205	9,210	0	0	0
Asia	15	0	10	55	25	30	279,930	132,545	147,390	60	30	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,925	16,915	20,015	10	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	25	10	10
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10	0	10	71,315	31,605	39,715	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,350	7,325	9,030	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,580	30,730	30,850	20	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,425	9,810	9,615	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	20	10	10	22,735	10,640	12,090	10	10	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0	10	0	10	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	45	20	25	87,650	41,815	45,830	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	35	20	15	55,100	25,850	29,250	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,870	7,455	7,420	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	425	240	180	985	505	480	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	180	100	85
First generation¹⁰⁰	70	30	40	210	115	100	518,345	251,010	267,335	100	55	45
Second generation¹⁰¹	90	50	35	190	100	85	329,675	166,505	163,165	40	25	15
Third generation or more¹⁰²	265	160	105	580	285	295	723,920	364,750	359,170	45	25	20
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	45	20	25	160	75	80	416,830	200,210	216,615	75	35	45
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	25	15	10	65	30	35	235,880	118,150	117,730	65	35	35
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10	0	10	30	25	10	95,815	58,035	37,780	20	15	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10	10	0	35	10	25	140,065	60,120	79,950	45	15	35
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	20	0	15	40	20	20	117,720	48,395	69,330	0	0	0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	35	15	20	58,995	31,595	27,395	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	45	20	25	160	75	80	416,830	200,210	216,615	75	35	45
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	45	25	20	14,765	8,620	6,145	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	0	10	35	15	20	53,180	23,440	29,750	0	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	10	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	25	15	10	75	35	40	313,060	149,760	163,300	70	35	35
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	425	240	180	985	505	480	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	180	100	85
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	35	10	20	115	65	55	575,650	282,735	292,910	110	65	50
South Asian	0	0	0	25	20	10	154,385	78,430	75,955	55	40	15
Chinese	15	0	10	15	10	10	93,975	45,570	48,410	50	20	30
Black	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,470	38,665	37,800	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	10	0	10	92,235	42,365	49,880	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	0	0	0
Latin American	0	0	0	35	15	20	35,155	16,925	18,235	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,720	13,405	15,310	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	10	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,840	10,195	10,645	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	390	235	160	870	440	430	996,285	499,530	496,755	70	35	35
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	425	245	180	985	500	485	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	185	100	85
Canadian	120	70	45	130	70	60	168,075	87,325	80,750	15	10	10
English	65	40	30	180	70	110	276,300	136,835	139,465	30	20	10
Irish	60	40	20	220	95	120	202,260	98,040	104,225	25	20	0
Scottish	60	45	15	290	170	120	235,385	115,820	119,575	25	15	15
French, n.o.s.¹²²	25	15	15	70	30	40	104,160	50,935	53,225	0	0	0
German	95	50	40	165	60	110	197,770	97,860	99,910	25	15	10
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,705	48,045	51,650	45	20	25
Italian	15	0	10	30	15	10	44,840	22,330	22,510	0	0	0
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,900	39,545	38,355	30	15	10
Ukrainian	65	35	30	80	35	45	89,615	43,675	45,940	0	0	0
Dutch	30	15	15	15	10	0	53,665	26,510	27,155	10	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65	20	45	53,675	25,885	27,790	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	15	0	0	40	30	10	53,825	27,135	26,690	0	0	0
Filipino	10	0	10	0	0	0	86,850	40,140	46,710	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20	20	0	15	10	10	26,685	13,810	12,875	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10	10	0	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	40	30	10	28,815	14,565	14,250	0	0	0
Russian	20	10	10	20	10	0	36,090	16,840	19,255	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	50	30	20	44,865	21,320	23,545	0	0	0
Welsh	15	15	0	0	0	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	10	10	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	15	10	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	0	10	0
Spanish	0	0	0	40	15	25	19,620	9,075	10,545	0	0	0
Swedish	10	10	0	40	15	30	28,290	13,540	14,750	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	45	15	25	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,085	10,145	9,940	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,750	10,685	12,065	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	0	15	10	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	10	0	10
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	15	10	0	13,225	6,465	6,765	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	10	10	10	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	10	8,860	3,910	4,950	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	30	15	15	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	10	7,875	3,870	4,010	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	40	20	20	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	15	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	15	0	10	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	420	240	180	985	505	480	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	185	100	85
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,425	9,955	12,470	0	0	0
Christian	215	115	100	320	145	180	713,465	336,705	376,760	85	50	45
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	30	15	15	95	55	40	153,665	73,675	79,985	20	10	10
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0
Anglican	25	10	15	20	10	10	35,625	16,415	19,210	10	10	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	0	0	0
Catholic	95	55	50	125	35	85	312,410	149,290	163,120	30	15	15
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	10	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	40	15	25	10,200	4,585	5,615	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	10	10	0	0	0	0	51,720	22,415	29,305	15	10	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10	10	0	10	0	0	43,375	20,405	22,970	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,335	18,180	17,155	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	45	25	20	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	101,285	51,675	49,610	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,230	28,325	27,905	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	200	125	75	600	330	280	623,560	328,795	294,765	60	35	30
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	425	245	185	985	500	485	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	185	100	80
Non-movers	360	200	165	905	460	445	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	185	100	80
Movers	60	45	15	75	40	35	209,550	104,275	105,275	0	0	0
Non-migrants	50	35	15	60	30	35	147,415	73,505	73,910	0	0	0
Migrants	0	0	0	20	10	0	62,135	30,765	31,365	0	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	15	0	0	47,380	23,440	23,940	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	405	230	175	940	475	465	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	180	100	85
Non-movers	295	160	135	690	350	345	863,155	429,060	434,095	180	100	85
Movers	105	65	40	245	125	115	619,175	307,300	311,880	0	0	0
Non-migrants	85	60	25	175	95	80	363,260	181,560	181,700	0	0	0
Migrants	20	10	10	70	30	35	255,920	125,740	130,180	0	0	0
Internal migrants	20	10	10	20	15	10	177,420	87,415	90,005	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	10	0	10	0	0	0	112,590	55,855	56,735	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	10	0	0	15	10	10	64,830	31,560	33,270	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	50	25	25	78,500	38,320	40,180	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	350	190	155	780	405	370	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	165	85	80
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25	20	0	70	35	35	182,850	95,955	86,895	25	15	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	325	170	155	705	375	335	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	145	70	70
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	225	110	105	555	295	265	886,650	437,700	448,950	75	20	45
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,025	43,715	35,310	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	215	110	105	555	295	265	807,620	393,985	413,640	75	20	45
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	350	195	160	780	410	370	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	165	80	85
No certificate, diploma or degree	20	20	0	65	35	35	163,710	84,360	79,350	25	10	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	115	50	65	130	75	55	339,400	169,445	169,950	25	15	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	215	125	90	575	295	280	775,265	377,350	397,915	115	60	60
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	100	60	40	110	60	50	348,595	174,345	174,250	35	10	25
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50	45	10	20	10	10	84,805	63,760	21,050	0	0	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,285	16,610	12,680	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	50	45	10	20	10	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	40	20	25	65	40	25	221,065	92,585	128,480	30	10	20
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	25	10	20	42,725	18,000	24,720	10	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	120	65	50	465	240	230	426,670	203,005	223,660	85	50	40
Bachelor's degree	80	45	35	260	160	105	294,610	137,240	157,375	40	25	15
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	50	20	30	22,475	10,080	12,390	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10	0	10	10,785	5,050	5,735	10	0	10
Master's degree	20	0	15	130	50	75	86,005	42,875	43,130	25	20	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	15	10	10	12,795	7,765	5,030	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	220	115	110	550	290	265	886,650	437,700	448,950	75	25	50
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,625	36,450	30,175	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	60	30	30	45	30	15	197,715	102,665	95,045	10	0	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	155	85	75	510	265	245	622,315	298,585	323,730	60	25	40
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	35	30	100	60	35	266,590	133,640	132,950	15	0	15
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25	20	0	15	15	0	63,270	48,090	15,175	0	0	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,715	12,025	8,685	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	20	0	15	15	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	40	15	20	60	40	25	170,270	71,565	98,700	15	0	15
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	20	0	10	33,050	13,985	19,070	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	95	45	45	410	200	210	355,720	164,940	190,775	50	25	30
Bachelor's degree	60	30	30	230	140	95	244,340	111,530	132,810	15	10	10
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	50	20	35	17,980	7,805	10,175	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	10	0	10
Master's degree	20	0	20	115	35	80	74,335	35,965	38,370	20	15	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	15	10	10	9,880	5,625	4,255	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	350	195	160	775	410	365	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	165	85	85
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	135	70	65	200	110	95	503,110	253,805	249,305	50	25	20
Education	15	0	10	85	15	70	46,605	10,200	36,405	15	0	0
13. Education	15	0	10	85	15	70	46,605	10,200	36,405	15	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	15	0	10	23,385	9,460	13,925	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	15	0	10	20,825	7,530	13,295	0	0	0
Humanities	0	0	0	40	25	15	34,000	12,365	21,635	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10	10	0	7,415	1,915	5,495	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	4,095	7,460	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	25	20	95	40	55	83,860	28,790	55,065	0	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	25	15	10	15,515	5,275	10,245	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15	0	15	13,800	3,115	10,680	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	35	25	10	40	15	30	30,700	14,865	15,830	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	25	10	15	120	70	50	177,710	75,825	101,885	50	30	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25	10	15	115	70	45	168,935	74,160	94,770	50	30	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	30	20	10	39,940	20,670	19,265	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	15	15	0	36,465	23,975	12,485	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	15	15	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	60	60	0	90	80	15	173,505	149,155	24,355	20	20	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	55	45	15	66,620	53,075	13,545	15	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	15	0	15	15	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	0	0	0	28,060	27,225	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	15	15	0	22,210	21,530	675	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,885	11,515	375	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	10	10	0	0	15,905	7,900	8,005	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	0	10	10	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	0	0	0
Health and related fields	45	10	30	65	0	55	111,080	22,865	88,215	15	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	10	0	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	30	55	0	45	98,680	16,900	81,780	0	0	0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	0	15	15	0	32,595	16,030	16,565	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	15	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	220	115	105	555	290	260	886,650	437,700	448,950	75	25	50
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	65	30	35	45	25	20	264,340	139,115	125,220	10	0	10
Education	10	0	10	80	15	65	33,450	6,965	26,475	0	0	0
13. Education	10	0	10	80	15	65	33,450	6,965	26,475	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	10	0	10	18,955	7,590	11,360	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	10	0	10	17,045	6,230	10,815	0	0	0
Humanities	0	0	0	30	20	10	26,945	9,460	17,490	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10	10	0	6,035	1,555	4,480	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	3,220	6,225	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	20	20	90	35	55	69,810	23,220	46,590	0	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10	10	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	20	10	10	12,925	4,080	8,840	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15	0	10	11,190	2,390	8,800	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	25	20	10	40	10	25	25,655	12,155	13,505	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	20	10	10	105	55	45	145,930	61,450	84,480	30	15	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	20	10	10	105	55	45	138,835	60,195	78,640	30	15	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	25	15	10	30,605	14,930	15,680	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	20	20	0	31,330	20,720	10,615	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	20	20	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	35	0	85	75	10	138,260	116,630	21,630	10	0	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	50	40	10	55,310	43,055	12,260	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	15	15	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	0	0	0	21,755	21,035	720	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	20	20	0	16,875	16,295	580	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,785	8,485	305	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	10	10	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	0	10	10	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	10	25	45	10	35	88,715	18,735	69,980	10	0	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	20	40	10	35	78,745	14,010	64,730	0	0	0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	0	15	15	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	10	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	220	115	105	555	290	260	886,650	437,700	448,950	75	25	50
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	65	30	35	45	25	20	264,340	139,115	125,220	10	0	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	160	80	75	510	265	245	622,310	298,585	323,730	65	20	45
Location of study inside Canada	150	75	75	405	215	195	455,590	220,680	234,910	40	15	20
Same as province or territory of residence	125	55	65	260	140	125	328,175	157,540	170,630	25	10	15
Different than province or territory of residence	30	20	10	145	70	75	127,410	63,135	64,275	10	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	10	10	0	105	50	50	166,725	77,905	88,820	25	0	20
Americas	0	0	0	40	15	25	28,670	14,305	14,360	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	25	10	15	17,465	9,425	8,040	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	35	25	10	29,575	15,435	14,145	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	25	15	10	11,725	6,495	5,220	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	20	10	15	91,990	39,695	52,295	15	0	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,585	12,115	18,470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,005	11,780	13,225	15	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	350	195	160	780	410	370	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	165	80	85
In the labour force	230	125	100	605	325	275	882,705	463,170	419,540	70	40	30
Employed	210	110	95	535	290	250	776,015	408,675	367,335	55	35	25
Unemployed	20	15	0	75	45	30	106,695	54,490	52,205	10	0	0
Not in the labour force	120	70	60	170	80	90	395,665	167,985	227,680	100	40	55
Participation rate	65.7	64.1	62.5	77.6	79.3	74.3	69.0	73.4	64.8	42.4	50.0	35.3
Employment rate	60.0	56.4	59.4	68.6	70.7	67.6	60.7	64.8	56.8	33.3	43.8	29.4
Unemployment rate	8.7	12.0	0.0	12.4	13.8	10.9	12.1	11.8	12.4	14.3	0.0	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	350	195	160	775	410	365	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	165	85	85
Did not work¹⁸⁶	115	60	50	210	115	95	422,665	183,645	239,020	90	45	45
Worked	240	130	110	570	290	275	855,710	447,510	408,200	75	40	35
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	100	55	45	350	210	135	450,195	257,535	192,655	30	15	20
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	135	75	65	225	85	135	405,520	189,970	215,550	45	30	20
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.0	38.4	39.6	41.4	44.2	38.2	40.7	41.5	39.8	35.5	37.0	34.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	225	125	100	605	330	280	882,710	463,165	419,540	65	40	25
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	15	15	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	220	115	100	590	315	280	853,695	449,150	404,550	60	40	25
Employee	175	90	85	485	255	230	715,140	365,090	350,050	40	20	15
Permanent position	130	65	60	410	230	180	600,125	311,480	288,645	25	10	15
Temporary position	45	20	20	75	25	50	115,020	53,615	61,405	10	10	0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	10	0	10	20	0	15	37,760	16,790	20,970	0	0	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	35	20	15	55	25	35	77,260	36,820	40,435	10	10	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	40	30	15	100	55	50	138,550	84,060	54,500	30	15	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	225	125	100	605	330	280	882,710	463,165	419,540	65	40	25
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	15	15	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	220	115	100	590	315	280	853,695	449,150	404,550	60	40	25
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	20	20	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	50	10	35	155	50	105	161,170	53,245	107,930	25	10	15
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20	15	0	85	70	10	94,565	72,340	22,225	0	0	0
3 Health occupations	20	0	15	60	10	50	69,305	13,810	55,490	10	0	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	30	15	20	105	35	70	92,850	30,655	62,195	10	0	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	30	20	10	24,120	10,450	13,675	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	40	35	10	90	60	25	209,115	94,840	114,280	15	15	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	35	30	10	35	35	0	147,375	132,085	15,290	0	0	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	10	0	20	15	0	25,565	19,070	6,490	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	225	125	100	605	330	280	882,710	463,165	419,540	65	40	25
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	15	15	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	220	115	100	590	315	280	853,695	449,150	404,550	60	40	25
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	45	30	10	39,750	26,465	13,290	10	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	10	10	10	10,285	6,785	3,500	0	0	0
23 Construction	20	20	0	15	10	0	75,665	63,720	11,945	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	15	10	0	41,545	30,255	11,295	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	20	15	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	20	20	10	35	25	0	96,885	46,555	50,330	10	10	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10	10	0	15	15	0	56,135	40,670	15,470	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	15	0	10	14,840	8,750	6,090	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	10	10	0	40	40	0	30,760	13,930	16,825	10	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	10	0	10	0	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20	0	20	85	55	35	96,185	55,190	40,995	0	0	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	10	0	20	20	0	37,790	21,285	16,510	0	0	0
61 Educational services	30	20	10	90	20	70	55,510	16,805	38,700	10	0	0
62 Health care and social assistance	40	0	35	90	20	70	107,190	20,475	86,720	10	0	10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	10	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,900	22,440	27,460	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	35	10	20	37,065	16,090	20,975	0	0	0
91 Public administration	15	0	10	40	15	20	31,305	16,235	15,075	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	245	140	110	625	330	290	926,320	483,455	442,860	75	40	35
English	235	140	100	585	315	270	878,705	460,305	418,400	60	35	30
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	15	10	10	7,700	3,085	4,615	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	0	15	30,355	15,535	14,825	15	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	245	140	110	625	330	290	926,320	483,455	442,860	75	40	35
Single responses	245	140	110	625	330	290	919,325	479,835	439,490	70	35	35
Official languages	245	140	110	620	325	290	906,220	473,040	433,180	70	35	35
English	240	140	105	615	325	290	903,745	472,395	431,350	70	35	35
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,105	6,795	6,310	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,090	6,795	6,300	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,000	3,625	3,375	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,765	3,065	2,695	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	245	140	110	625	330	290	926,320	483,455	442,860	75	40	35
None	240	140	100	585	315	270	893,045	467,350	425,695	70	35	30
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	10	10	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	25	10	15	17,585	8,825	8,760	10	0	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	25	10	15	17,465	8,780	8,690	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	205	110	95	535	285	245	776,010	408,680	367,335	55	35	20
Worked at home	70	45	25	285	145	135	215,520	105,290	110,230	25	25	0
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	15	15	0	25	20	0	113,260	83,885	29,375	0	0	0
Usual place of work	120	50	70	220	115	105	444,410	217,405	227,005	25	0	20
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	120	50	70	220	115	105	444,410	217,405	227,005	30	0	20
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	115	50	65	215	110	100	361,065	170,000	191,065	30	0	20
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	15	10	0	69,230	37,715	31,505	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	140	65	75	245	130	110	557,670	301,290	256,380	30	10	20
Car, truck or van	120	60	60	195	105	90	473,465	261,055	212,410	20	10	15
Car, truck or van - as a driver	115	60	55	175	90	85	441,645	249,990	191,655	20	10	15
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	15	10	0	31,820	11,060	20,755	0	0	0
Public transit	0	0	0	20	15	0	40,930	17,775	23,165	10	0	10
Walked	0	0	0	15	0	15	22,670	10,345	12,325	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	10	0	10	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	10	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	140	65	75	245	130	110	557,670	301,290	256,380	30	10	20
Less than 15 minutes	45	20	20	80	35	45	128,460	58,155	70,310	10	0	10
15 to 29 minutes	60	30	30	120	65	60	242,460	130,855	111,610	10	0	0
30 to 44 minutes	20	10	10	30	20	0	125,765	75,100	50,660	0	0	0
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	10	10	0	0	31,050	18,505	12,545	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,930	18,665	11,265	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	140	65	75	245	130	110	557,670	301,290	256,380	30	10	20
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	10	0	10	10	0	37,665	27,280	10,390	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10	10	0	25	15	15	100,900	63,500	37,400	0	0	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40	25	15	95	50	45	143,455	75,755	67,700	15	0	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	35	10	25	40	20	20	105,095	50,620	54,475	0	0	0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25	10	15	20	15	0	79,595	35,415	44,180	10	0	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15	10	0	45	20	25	90,950	48,715	42,230	0	0	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	100	60	40	295	135	165	356,225	183,250	172,980	35	25	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	10	5	55	25	30	25,335	12,890	12,445	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	55	35	240	105	135	330,890	170,360	160,535	35	25	15
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	65	50	15	225	100	125	259,535	133,590	125,945	30	20	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	10	5	35	20	20	18,890	9,625	9,270	0	0	0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	5	0	25	15	15	9,575	4,670	4,910	0	0	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	10	5	5	9,315	4,955	4,360	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	45	20	195	85	105	240,640	123,965	116,675	30	20	10

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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