Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48060252More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48061802More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48061772More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	475	...	...	206	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	936	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	157	...	...	121	...	...	638,160	...	...	261	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	153	...	...	117	...	...	604,628	...	...	255	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,769.8	...	...	1,215.3	...	...	126.1	...	...	6,170.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.13	...	...	0.17	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	0.15	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	475	260	215	210	90	120	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	935	470	470
0 to 14 years	110	65	45	15	5	10	294,075	151,285	142,785	210	105	105
0 to 4 years	20	15	10	5	0	0	89,790	46,155	43,630	45	20	30
5 to 9 years	30	15	15	5	0	5	100,905	51,680	49,225	70	35	40
10 to 14 years	60	40	25	5	0	0	103,380	53,450	49,930	100	55	40
15 to 64 years	300	155	145	135	55	80	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	660	325	330
15 to 19 years	25	15	15	5	0	5	92,025	47,355	44,675	85	45	40
20 to 24 years	25	20	0	15	10	5	91,515	47,260	44,260	55	30	25
25 to 29 years	20	5	10	15	5	5	101,235	50,320	50,915	50	30	20
30 to 34 years	20	10	15	10	5	10	123,235	60,255	62,980	35	20	20
35 to 39 years	40	15	20	5	5	5	132,045	64,950	67,095	55	25	35
40 to 44 years	40	20	25	10	5	10	121,735	60,110	61,625	90	40	50
45 to 49 years	30	15	15	10	0	5	111,345	55,485	55,860	95	45	45
50 to 54 years	40	25	20	15	10	5	103,325	51,835	51,490	75	40	35
55 to 59 years	20	15	10	20	10	10	101,580	50,260	51,320	65	30	30
60 to 64 years	30	15	15	20	10	15	96,735	47,710	49,020	45	20	25
65 years and over	65	35	25	60	25	35	221,795	103,495	118,300	70	35	30
65 to 69 years	25	15	15	10	10	5	78,095	38,250	39,845	20	10	10
70 to 74 years	20	10	5	25	10	20	58,785	28,310	30,475	25	10	15
75 to 79 years	5	5	0	10	5	0	36,570	17,235	19,340	10	10	5
80 to 84 years	5	0	5	5	5	5	23,750	10,405	13,350	5	5	0
85 years and over	5	5	0	5	5	0	24,595	9,300	15,290	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	5	5	0	0	0	0	15,285	6,230	9,050	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	5	5	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.2	25.0	20.9	7.1	5.6	8.3	18.5	19.1	17.8	22.5	22.3	22.3
15 to 64 years	63.2	59.6	67.4	64.3	61.1	66.7	67.6	67.8	67.4	70.6	69.1	70.2
65 years and over	13.7	13.5	11.6	28.6	27.8	29.2	13.9	13.1	14.8	7.5	7.4	6.4
85 years and over	1.1	1.9	0.0	2.4	5.6	0.0	1.5	1.2	1.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	37.9	36.6	39.4	49.8	50.4	49.2	38.9	38.3	39.6	35.3	35.7	35.0
Median age of the population	39.2	36.8	42.0	53.6	53.2	53.6	38.4	38.0	39.2	37.6	37.2	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	155	...	...	120	...	...	604,630	...	...	255	...	...
Single-detached house	145	...	...	0	...	...	351,925	...	...	250	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	39,065	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	57,180	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	0	...	...	21,855	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	115	...	...	89,225	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	155	...	...	115	...	...	604,630	...	...	255	...	...
1 person	15	...	...	50	...	...	151,770	...	...	15	...	...
2 persons	40	...	...	50	...	...	196,980	...	...	40	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	10	...	...	96,165	...	...	65	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	5	...	...	97,780	...	...	80	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	0	...	...	61,930	...	...	55	...	...
Number of persons in private households	475	255	220	210	90	115	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	935	470	465
Average household size	3.1	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	365	190	175	195	80	115	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	725	365	360
Married or living common-law	240	115	120	115	55	55	773,480	387,015	386,465	460	230	230
Married	215	105	110	90	45	45	657,160	328,650	328,510	435	220	220
Living common-law	25	10	10	20	10	10	116,320	58,365	57,960	20	10	10
Living common law - Never married	20	15	10	15	5	5	87,265	43,935	43,330	15	5	10
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	0	0	5	5	5	23,185	11,490	11,690	5	0	0
Living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	125	70	50	80	30	55	523,090	252,020	271,065	265	135	130
Not married and not living common law - Never married	90	60	30	40	20	20	364,145	197,890	166,255	215	120	95
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	0	5	10	5	0	29,375	12,665	16,710	15	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	20	10	10	20	0	20	79,920	30,945	48,970	20	10	10
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	5	0	10	0	10	49,640	10,520	39,125	15	0	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	135	...	...	65	...	...	438,900	...	...	255	...	...
2 persons	45	...	...	50	...	...	204,395	...	...	65	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	10	...	...	94,815	...	...	70	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	5	...	...	97,660	...	...	85	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	0	...	...	42,025	...	...	40	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	2.4	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.4	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.5	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	135	...	...	60	...	...	438,900	...	...	255	...	...
Total couple families	115	...	...	55	...	...	377,050	...	...	225	...	...
Married couples	100	...	...	40	...	...	318,890	...	...	215	...	...
With children⁶	75	...	...	10	...	...	190,345	...	...	170	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	30	...	...	128,545	...	...	45	...	...
Common-law couples	15	...	...	10	...	...	58,160	...	...	10	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	0	...	...	19,165	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	5	...	...	10	...	...	38,995	...	...	0	...	...
Total one-parent families	20	...	...	5	...	...	61,850	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	15	...	...	5	...	...	47,785	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	0	...	...	0	...	...	14,065	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	475	255	220	205	90	115	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	935	470	465
Total - Persons in census families	430	225	200	145	65	80	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	875	435	440
Married spouses or common-law partners	230	120	120	110	55	55	754,090	377,085	377,010	455	230	230
Parents in one-parent families	20	5	15	10	0	5	61,855	14,065	47,790	30	5	25
Children⁶	175	105	65	30	15	20	492,710	260,395	232,315	390	205	190
In a two-parent family	145	90	50	20	5	10	396,580	208,580	188,000	345	175	170
In a one-parent family	35	20	15	10	5	10	96,130	51,815	44,315	45	30	20
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	45	30	15	60	25	40	263,280	130,670	132,615	65	35	30
Living alone	15	10	5	50	15	35	151,765	71,605	80,165	10	5	5
Living with other relatives⁷	15	10	5	5	5	0	40,060	17,085	22,975	30	15	20
Living with non-relatives only	20	10	5	5	0	0	71,460	41,975	29,480	20	15	5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	150	...	...	115	...	...	604,630	...	...	255	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	115	...	...	60	...	...	375,185	...	...	195	...	...
Couple-family households	100	...	...	50	...	...	328,515	...	...	180	...	...
With children⁶	70	...	...	15	...	...	182,665	...	...	150	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	40	...	...	145,845	...	...	25	...	...
One-parent-family households	15	...	...	5	...	...	46,670	...	...	15	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10	...	...	0	...	...	20,165	...	...	25	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5	...	...	0	...	...	4,730	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	0	...	...	22,485	...	...	15	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	5	...	...	30,295	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	15	...	...	55	...	...	151,765	...	...	15	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	365	190	170	195	85	110	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	720	365	355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	350	185	165	x	x	x	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	675	345	330
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	39,600	42,400	x	x	x	44,800	52,400	39,200	38,000	42,400	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	350	185	165	x	x	x	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	675	345	330
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	37,600	38,800	x	x	x	40,400	46,000	36,000	35,200	38,800	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	325	175	155	x	x	x	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	610	325	285
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	36,000	38,000	x	x	x	40,800	50,000	32,400	32,800	39,600	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	275	140	130	x	x	x	922,195	474,800	447,395	535	285	250
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	34,400	40,800	x	x	x	42,400	50,800	34,800	37,200	43,600	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	310	160	150	x	x	x	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	580	285	290
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,850	6,080	9,100	x	x	x	7,600	5,600	9,100	5,840	5,080	6,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40	20	15	x	x	x	136,975	64,415	72,555	80	45	40
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	6,280	x	x	x	x	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,480	5,720	5,240
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	110	60	45	x	x	x	384,535	184,820	199,710	245	120	125
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	8,000	12,000	x	x	x	8,000	8,000	8,500	9,000	9,200	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	395	205	190	180	75	105	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	680	345	335
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	370	195	175	x	x	x	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	640	330	310
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,200	62,800	52,800	x	x	x	65,500	78,400	52,850	57,800	62,200	53,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	370	195	175	x	x	x	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	640	330	310
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	51,200	46,000	x	x	x	53,050	61,750	44,560	48,200	51,200	45,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	340	180	160	x	x	x	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	585	310	270
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,600	60,000	46,800	x	x	x	62,300	76,300	48,160	55,400	58,800	51,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	295	155	140	x	x	x	922,200	475,075	447,125	545	285	260
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200	53,000	49,000	x	x	x	60,800	73,200	47,640	53,200	56,000	50,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	330	180	150	x	x	x	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	530	255	270
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,240	10,200	10,400	x	x	x	10,020	8,930	11,050	8,640	7,950	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55	40	15	x	x	x	136,685	64,550	72,135	85	50	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	9,500	5,000	x	x	x	7,070	6,620	7,480	4,800	3,200	7,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	110	65	45	x	x	x	383,100	184,610	198,485	230	120	115
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,800	9,200	x	x	x	9,270	9,160	9,380	9,700	10,000	9,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	395	205	190	180	75	105	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	675	350	335
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	120	60	60	x	x	x	432,255	245,295	186,965	235	130	100
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500	93,000	66,000	x	x	x	73,000	80,000	65,000	86,000	86,000	80,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,000	88,000	66,000	x	x	x	94,000	107,000	76,900	91,000	98,000	82,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	120	70	50	x	x	x	374,345	173,060	201,290	285	135	150
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,600	11,900	24,400	x	x	x	20,400	23,400	18,400	16,800	16,000	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,000	29,000	44,000	x	x	x	33,960	40,480	28,360	27,000	22,000	31,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	86.0	84.0	x	x	x	86.6	90.2	81.4	88.0	90.0	84.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.0	66.0	74.0	x	x	x	70.6	74.0	65.6	78.0	77.0	80.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.5	14.6	17.0	x	x	x	13.4	9.8	18.5	12.3	10.0	15.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	2.8	1.0	x	x	x	1.2	0.9	1.7	1.1	0.8	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	5.0	5.4	x	x	x	5.0	3.9	6.5	6.6	6.2	7.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	4.8	4.4	x	x	x	4.5	3.6	5.7	6.1	5.8	6.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	365	190	175	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	725	365	360
Without total income	20	10	10	x	x	x	63,430	30,900	32,525	50	20	30
With total income	345	180	170	x	x	x	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	675	345	325
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	20	20	x	x	x	107,500	44,415	63,085	90	35	55
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	15	x	x	x	115,465	47,780	67,690	100	55	50
$20,000 to $29,999	45	30	15	x	x	x	178,230	78,800	99,430	85	40	40
$30,000 to $39,999	45	20	25	x	x	x	142,910	61,170	81,740	80	35	40
$40,000 to $49,999	30	10	15	x	x	x	122,655	55,960	66,690	60	30	35
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	15	x	x	x	101,530	48,280	53,245	60	30	30
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	5	x	x	x	85,080	42,725	42,355	30	15	10
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	10	x	x	x	68,705	36,885	31,825	30	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	10	x	x	x	53,900	30,515	23,385	30	20	15
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	x	x	x	45,345	25,570	19,775	25	15	10
$100,000 and over	60	35	25	x	x	x	193,625	128,165	65,460	90	60	30
$100,000 to $149,999	40	20	20	x	x	x	113,250	69,295	43,955	55	35	25
$150,000 and over	20	10	5	x	x	x	80,375	58,870	21,505	35	30	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	365	190	175	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	725	365	360
Without after-tax income	20	10	10	x	x	x	62,710	30,505	32,210	50	20	30
With after-tax income	345	180	170	x	x	x	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	675	345	325
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	15	20	x	x	x	112,205	46,185	66,020	90	30	55
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	20	x	x	x	120,545	50,115	70,430	105	55	50
$20,000 to $29,999	50	30	25	x	x	x	201,940	89,680	112,255	95	50	45
$30,000 to $39,999	55	30	25	x	x	x	166,565	73,405	93,160	90	40	50
$40,000 to $49,999	25	10	10	x	x	x	143,135	67,430	75,705	75	35	40
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	15	x	x	x	114,565	57,190	57,380	45	25	25
$60,000 to $69,999	25	10	10	x	x	x	87,375	47,045	40,330	45	25	15
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	10	x	x	x	65,115	36,810	28,305	35	15	20
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	5	x	x	x	51,690	28,935	22,760	30	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	5	x	x	x	35,160	21,215	13,945	15	10	5
$100,000 and over	30	20	10	x	x	x	117,360	82,665	34,700	55	40	15
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	5	x	x	x	48,950	32,240	16,710	20	15	10
$125,000 and over	15	10	5	x	x	x	68,410	50,430	17,985	35	25	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	365	190	175	x	x	x	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	725	365	360
Without employment income	90	50	45	x	x	x	356,175	156,380	199,795	185	80	105
With employment income	275	145	130	x	x	x	922,200	474,800	447,395	535	285	250
Under $5,000 (including loss)	45	25	20	x	x	x	116,020	54,130	61,895	85	45	40
$5,000 to $9,999	25	15	15	x	x	x	73,350	31,190	42,165	45	20	30
$10,000 to $19,999	40	25	15	x	x	x	101,970	44,705	57,260	60	25	30
$20,000 to $29,999	20	5	10	x	x	x	78,390	35,640	42,745	40	25	20
$30,000 to $39,999	15	10	5	x	x	x	73,695	34,455	39,235	50	25	30
$40,000 to $49,999	20	10	10	x	x	x	71,335	34,515	36,815	30	20	10
$50,000 to $59,999	15	5	10	x	x	x	67,050	32,805	34,245	40	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	10	5	0	x	x	x	60,120	30,900	29,220	25	10	15
$70,000 to $79,999	20	5	10	x	x	x	49,420	27,665	21,750	30	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	10	x	x	x	40,555	23,400	17,160	30	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	x	x	x	37,010	20,630	16,375	25	15	10
$100,000 and over	45	25	20	x	x	x	153,280	104,755	48,525	80	55	20
$100,000 to $124,999	25	10	10	x	x	x	61,175	36,970	24,210	35	20	15
$125,000 and over	20	15	5	x	x	x	92,100	67,780	24,320	45	35	10
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	365	190	170	195	85	110	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	720	365	355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	335	175	160	x	x	x	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	650	330	315
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	42,400	38,800	x	x	x	44,400	53,200	37,600	39,200	47,600	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	335	175	160	x	x	x	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	650	330	315
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	38,400	34,800	x	x	x	40,000	46,400	34,400	35,600	40,800	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	320	165	150	x	x	x	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	600	310	285
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,000	35,200	x	x	x	43,600	52,800	35,600	39,200	48,000	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	265	135	125	x	x	x	923,490	475,205	448,285	535	285	255
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	46,000	40,000	x	x	x	44,800	53,600	37,600	42,000	50,400	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	295	145	150	x	x	x	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	530	260	270
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,680	970	4,920	x	x	x	1,190	960	3,040	1,090	900	2,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15	5	5	x	x	x	85,480	38,765	46,720	40	25	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	x	x	x	6,450	5,680	7,200	6,600	3,880	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	395	205	190	180	75	105	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	680	345	335
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	360	200	160	x	x	x	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	615	305	305
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,000	60,000	48,400	x	x	x	65,500	80,000	51,400	61,000	69,500	52,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	360	200	160	x	x	x	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	615	305	305
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	49,600	42,400	x	x	x	52,650	62,600	43,000	47,000	49,600	44,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	325	185	140	x	x	x	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	555	280	270
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,400	60,800	46,000	x	x	x	65,600	80,800	50,200	63,400	72,000	54,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	270	150	120	x	x	x	923,490	475,385	448,110	510	260	250
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,600	56,000	52,000	x	x	x	64,100	77,600	49,760	63,600	70,000	57,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	320	170	145	x	x	x	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	495	245	245
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,120	4,320	8,200	x	x	x	6,130	5,076	7,130	4,900	4,200	5,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15	0	0	x	x	x	84,820	38,275	46,545	50	35	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,000	...	...	x	x	x	8,200	7,120	9,080	10,000	11,000	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	395	205	190	180	75	105	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	675	350	335
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	115	60	50	x	x	x	428,265	243,165	185,105	225	120	100
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	61,200	56,400	x	x	x	70,500	78,500	62,000	79,000	92,000	75,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,000	72,000	64,000	x	x	x	92,000	105,800	74,000	93,000	104,000	80,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	120	70	50	x	x	x	353,070	163,500	189,570	255	115	140
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	24,600	19,000	x	x	x	28,800	33,200	25,600	29,200	24,000	29,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,000	40,000	42,000	x	x	x	43,720	53,050	35,720	38,800	34,500	42,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.0	94.0	84.0	x	x	x	92.0	94.6	88.2	94.0	96.0	92.0
Employment income (%)	74.0	70.0	78.0	x	x	x	76.2	78.8	72.2	86.0	84.0	88.0
Government transfers (%)	9.8	6.2	15.2	x	x	x	7.9	5.3	11.9	6.5	4.9	8.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	x	x	x	x	x	0.9	0.6	1.4	1.4	1.6	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	155	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...	255	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	x	...	...	100,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	x	...	...	87,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15	...	...	x	...	...	151,765	...	...	15	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	50,400	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	44,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	140	...	...	x	...	...	452,860	...	...	245	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	x	...	...	120,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	x	...	...	104,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	155	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...	245	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	x	...	...	131,600	...	...	149,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	x	...	...	106,600	...	...	125,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	x	...	...	151,830	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	x	...	...	67,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	55,250	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	150	...	...	x	...	...	452,795	...	...	245	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	x	...	...	152,800	...	...	150,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	x	...	...	123,800	...	...	125,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	155	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...	255	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	x	...	...	6,730	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	3,245	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	4,475	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	6,245	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	16,055	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	16,860	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	14,380	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	16,415	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	17,790	...	...	0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	17,750	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	36,405	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	37,740	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	37,230	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	35,705	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	34,355	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	90	...	...	x	...	...	303,255	...	...	170	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	74,975	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	58,215	...	...	40	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	30	...	...	x	...	...	76,310	...	...	50	...	...
$200,000 and over	30	...	...	x	...	...	93,755	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	155	...	...	x	...	...	604,630	...	...	255	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	x	...	...	7,625	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	3,380	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	4,615	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	6,745	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	17,335	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	19,015	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	16,770	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	19,345	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	21,320	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	21,155	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	44,695	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	45,520	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	44,095	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	42,705	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	38,715	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	75	...	...	x	...	...	251,600	...	...	155	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	78,970	...	...	55	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	x	...	...	56,565	...	...	35	...	...
$150,000 and over	35	...	...	x	...	...	116,060	...	...	70	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	135	...	...	x	...	...	431,155	...	...	240	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	x	...	...	120,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	x	...	...	103,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	2.4	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	x	...	...	151,045	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	x	...	...	107,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	x	...	...	92,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	80	...	...	x	...	...	209,715	...	...	180	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	x	...	...	144,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	x	...	...	123,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	3.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	x	...	...	56,700	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	75,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	35	20	10	55	20	35	223,225	113,580	109,645	30	25	10
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	26,400	x	x	x	x	44,400	46,000	43,200	51,600	51,600	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	26,400	x	x	x	x	40,000	40,800	38,800	44,000	44,000	x
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	145	...	...	x	...	...	431,010	...	...	240	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	x	...	...	153,400	...	...	148,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	x	...	...	123,800	...	...	123,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	x	...	...	151,205	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	x	...	...	141,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	x	...	...	113,400	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	70	...	...	x	...	...	209,670	...	...	170	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	170,000	...	...	x	...	...	180,800	...	...	172,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	x	...	...	144,600	...	...	142,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	x	...	...	56,445	...	...	20	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	x	...	...	90,200	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	x	...	...	78,200	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	35	30	0	85	25	55	223,320	113,715	109,605	25	20	0
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	28,000	...	x	x	x	60,050	61,950	58,050	56,000	x	...
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	24,000	...	x	x	x	49,640	50,640	48,560	48,000	x	...
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	475	260	215	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	935	470	470
0 to 17 years	125	75	50	x	x	x	349,785	179,925	169,860	265	125	135
0 to 5 years	30	20	10	x	x	x	109,785	56,290	53,495	55	20	30
18 to 64 years	290	150	135	x	x	x	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	605	310	295
65 years and over	65	35	25	x	x	x	209,135	99,390	109,740	65	35	30
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	50	30	15	x	x	x	134,160	64,550	69,610	40	15	25
0 to 17 years	20	15	5	x	x	x	35,370	18,260	17,110	15	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,490	5,880	5,610	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	20	10	10	x	x	x	78,110	37,880	40,225	25	15	15
65 years and over	10	5	5	x	x	x	20,680	8,400	12,270	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.0	12.0	8.0	x	x	x	8.5	8.3	8.8	4.8	4.0	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	20.0	x	x	x	x	10.1	10.2	10.1	5.0	4.0	6.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	7.0	7.0	x	x	x	7.7	7.5	7.9	4.0	4.0	4.5
65 years and over (%)	16.0	16.0	16.0	x	x	x	9.9	8.5	11.2	x	x	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	475	255	215	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	935	470	465
0 to 17 years	125	75	50	x	x	x	349,790	179,930	169,855	265	125	140
0 to 5 years	30	20	10	x	x	x	109,785	56,290	53,500	50	25	30
18 to 64 years	285	150	140	x	x	x	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	605	305	300
65 years and over	65	35	30	x	x	x	209,130	99,390	109,740	65	40	30
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	20	15	10	x	x	x	81,680	42,310	39,370	35	20	20
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	x	x	x	18,085	9,305	8,780	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,625	2,890	2,730	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	15	10	5	x	x	x	57,155	29,990	27,170	20	10	10
65 years and over	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,440	3,015	3,420	5	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.2	7.0	3.0	x	x	x	5.2	5.4	5.0	3.8	3.6	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	5.2	5.2	5.2	4.5	x	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	7.0	4.0	x	x	x	5.6	6.0	5.3	3.4	3.2	3.2
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	475	260	215	x	x	x	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	935	470	470
In bottom half of the distribution	210	120	90	x	x	x	673,690	328,825	344,865	375	190	185
In bottom decile	50	30	15	x	x	x	124,250	62,485	61,770	45	25	25
In second decile	30	20	10	x	x	x	132,700	62,320	70,380	85	45	40
In third decile	60	30	25	x	x	x	133,855	64,900	68,960	65	35	30
In fourth decile	40	20	20	x	x	x	138,980	68,120	70,855	100	50	45
In fifth decile	30	15	15	x	x	x	143,905	71,000	72,900	80	35	40
In top half of the distribution	265	145	120	x	x	x	898,245	453,385	444,865	560	280	280
In sixth decile	50	30	25	x	x	x	150,845	75,135	75,710	100	50	50
In seventh decile	50	25	25	x	x	x	155,985	78,075	77,910	130	55	70
In eighth decile	50	30	20	x	x	x	164,975	82,995	81,980	100	50	50
In ninth decile	55	25	25	x	x	x	181,315	91,520	89,795	130	65	65
In top decile	65	35	30	x	x	x	245,130	125,660	119,470	110	60	45
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	475	...	...	x	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	935	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.334	...	...	x	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.291	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.430	...	...	x	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.374	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.293	...	...	x	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.253	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.2	...	...	x	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	475	260	215	205	90	115	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	935	470	465
English only	425	235	190	190	80	110	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	835	435	405
French only	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	425	555	0	0	0
English and French	30	10	15	15	10	5	103,090	47,140	55,945	20	10	10
Neither English nor French	20	10	10	5	0	0	34,235	13,810	20,420	80	25	55
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	475	260	215	205	90	115	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	935	470	465
English	445	245	205	200	85	115	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	845	440	410
French	0	0	0	5	0	0	20,675	10,250	10,425	5	5	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	5	0	5
Neither English nor French	20	10	10	5	0	0	33,340	13,355	19,985	85	25	55
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	475	260	215	205	90	115	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	935	470	465
Single responses	450	250	200	205	90	110	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	895	445	445
Official languages	190	100	90	140	60	80	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	495	265	235
English	185	100	85	130	55	75	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	495	260	230
French	0	0	0	0	5	0	20,090	9,970	10,115	5	5	0
Non-official languages	265	145	110	60	30	35	415,050	198,790	216,260	400	185	215
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	270	380	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	265	145	110	65	30	35	414,405	198,525	215,885	400	185	215
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,495	18,255	17,240	15	5	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,085	16,545	15,535	15	5	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,355	11,215	10,145	15	5	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	14,785	6,645	8,140	0	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	5	0	5	13,810	6,185	7,625	0	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	5	5	0	55,755	24,650	31,110	45	20	25
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	415	555	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	10	5	5
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	0	5	5	0	45,300	20,005	25,290	30	15	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	6,750	3,470	3,280	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5	5	5	2,215	1,160	1,060	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	60	35	25	25	10	15	203,750	100,055	103,695	85	40	45
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	5	5	0	30,225	13,960	16,270	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	10	5	5	0	29,740	13,735	16,005	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,540	4,050	5	0	0
Russian	5	0	5	0	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	435	460	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	5	0	5	17,580	8,490	9,090	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	5	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	5,565	2,755	2,810	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5	0	5	3,870	1,930	1,935	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	20	20	5	0	0	106,625	53,665	52,955	65	30	35
Indo-Aryan languages	30	20	10	0	0	0	93,240	46,930	46,305	60	30	30
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	0	5	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,565	3,380	3,180	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,495	4,290	4,205	5	5	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	0	0	0	0	49,105	24,690	24,420	15	5	10
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	5	0	0	0	17,875	8,975	8,905	30	15	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	5	0	0	0	13,350	6,720	6,630	5	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	0	5	0	0	0	10,100	5,080	5,020	5	5	5
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	5	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	0	5	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	0	5	5	5	45,970	22,265	23,700	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	5	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	0	0	0
Spanish	5	5	0	0	0	0	32,170	15,475	16,695	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	5	5	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	400	375	5	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	160	85	70	20	10	10	68,720	31,925	36,790	215	100	120
Chinese languages	155	90	65	20	10	10	67,430	31,300	36,130	215	100	120
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	115	65	45	15	5	10	31,950	14,765	17,190	85	40	45
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	25	20	10	5	0	32,755	15,315	17,435	125	60	65
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	220	245	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	10	10	5	0	5	73,050	35,515	37,535	40	20	20
English and French	5	5	0	0	0	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	10	5	5	58,650	28,715	29,930	35	20	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,680	2,595	3,085	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	475	260	215	205	90	115	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	935	470	465
English	230	120	105	150	60	90	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	475	250	220
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390	0	0	0
Non-official language	75	40	30	10	5	5	127,600	60,835	66,760	145	60	80
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	75	40	30	10	5	5	127,540	60,810	66,730	145	60	80
English and French	5	5	0	0	0	0	14,755	6,925	7,835	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	160	90	70	40	20	20	306,635	148,985	157,650	280	140	145
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5	0	0	0	12,395	5,820	6,575	25	10	20
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	475	260	215	205	90	115	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	935	470	465
Single responses	430	230	200	205	85	115	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	885	450	435
Official languages	270	150	125	170	70	100	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	605	315	290
English	270	150	125	170	65	100	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	605	315	290
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,230	3,560	3,665	0	0	0
Non-official languages	160	80	80	35	15	20	259,415	125,675	133,740	280	135	145
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	160	80	80	35	15	20	259,295	125,620	133,675	280	135	145
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,515	11,260	11,260	10	0	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,280	10,165	10,115	10	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,825	6,490	6,335	5	0	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,940	4,535	5,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,395	4,280	5,110	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,275	16,595	18,675	20	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	10	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,630	13,885	15,750	10	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	4,410	2,205	2,205	5	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5	5	5	1,495	760	730	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	15	10	10	5	5	122,940	60,715	62,220	55	25	30
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0	14,005	6,710	7,295	5	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0	13,790	6,605	7,190	5	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560	5	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	375	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	470	515	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	79,180	39,590	39,590	45	25	25
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	70,335	35,225	35,110	45	20	20
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,510	2,770	2,740	5	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	0	0	0	0	40,675	20,425	20,245	15	5	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,930	6,420	6,510	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,825	4,360	4,475	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,765	3,325	3,435	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,440	12,340	13,100	5	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,825	9,605	10,215	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	5	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	55	55	15	5	5	47,945	22,570	25,375	175	85	90
Chinese languages	110	55	55	15	5	5	47,025	22,110	24,915	175	85	90
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	85	45	40	15	5	10	23,970	11,440	12,530	70	35	35
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	10	0	0	0	21,815	10,130	11,685	100	50	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	25	20	5	5	0	75,555	36,865	38,685	50	20	30
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	5	5	0	69,995	34,230	35,770	50	20	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	475	255	220	210	90	115	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	935	470	465
None	340	190	150	165	70	95	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	660	330	325
English	65	30	35	20	10	10	104,745	51,660	53,085	85	50	35
French	5	5	0	0	0	0	11,450	5,290	6,160	5	5	0
Non-official language	55	30	25	20	5	10	127,610	60,685	66,920	150	70	80
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	55	30	25	15	5	10	126,970	60,410	66,565	150	70	80
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0	0	0	16,885	8,395	8,490	25	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	14,095	6,810	7,285	20	10	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	480	265	220	175	75	105	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	855	435	420
Official languages	475	255	220	175	75	100	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	785	410	375
English	475	255	220	175	75	100	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	785	410	375
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	103,915	47,090	56,830	25	10	20
Non-official languages	285	140	145	65	40	25	562,910	270,945	291,960	410	190	220
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	285	140	145	65	40	25	561,340	270,320	291,010	410	190	220
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,595	28,250	26,345	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,645	26,150	24,495	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,250	18,505	16,750	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,885	9,635	11,250	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,415	8,900	10,515	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,815	33,930	42,890	65	30	35
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	20	15	10
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	72,900	32,140	40,755	55	20	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	50	20	30	15	15	0	286,570	140,880	145,685	120	50	70
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,905	17,730	20,175	35	10	25
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,610	17,610	20,005	35	10	25
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	15	20	0	0	0	143,590	72,720	70,870	55	25	30
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	20	0	0	0	128,685	65,260	63,425	35	15	20
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0
Hindi	10	0	10	0	0	0	45,340	22,980	22,370	10	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,525	34,920	33,610	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,710	16,195	15,515	10	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570	25	10	15
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	25	10	15
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	25	10	15
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	80,155	38,210	41,945	40	20	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	10	0	0	0	60,770	28,640	32,125	30	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	205	105	105	25	15	10	82,875	39,220	43,660	195	95	100
Chinese languages	205	105	105	25	15	10	81,080	38,330	42,750	195	95	100
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	185	95	90	15	0	10	46,460	21,635	24,825	120	55	70
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	25	10	10	0	42,910	20,105	22,800	90	40	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	480	265	215	180	75	100	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	855	435	420
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	20	0	10	10	0	10	53,700	25,250	28,450	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	20	0	10	10	0	10	51,520	24,220	27,300	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,470	10,235	12,230	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	460	260	205	170	75	95	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	840	425	415
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	480	265	215	180	75	100	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	855	435	420
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,145	7,900	9,240	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	480	265	215	175	75	100	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	855	435	420
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	155	...	...	120	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
Owner	115	...	...	95	...	...	431,680	...	...	220	...	...
Renter	45	...	...	25	...	...	172,945	...	...	25	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	155	...	...	120	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	100	...	...	138,505	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	155	...	...	20	...	...	466,125	...	...	250	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	155	...	...	120	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	0	...	...	63,480	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	0	...	...	65	...	...	132,670	...	...	0	...	...
3 bedrooms	45	...	...	50	...	...	208,570	...	...	155	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	95	...	...	0	...	...	196,735	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	155	...	...	120	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15	...	...	45	...	...	168,320	...	...	25	...	...
5 rooms	25	...	...	20	...	...	92,700	...	...	55	...	...
6 rooms	10	...	...	20	...	...	85,005	...	...	35	...	...
7 rooms	40	...	...	10	...	...	74,790	...	...	45	...	...
8 or more rooms	65	...	...	30	...	...	183,815	...	...	85	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.7	...	...	5.6	...	...	6.3	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	155	...	...	120	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
One person or fewer per room	155	...	...	120	...	...	587,240	...	...	240	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	17,390	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	155	...	...	120	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
Suitable	145	...	...	115	...	...	576,220	...	...	240	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	0	...	...	28,410	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	155	...	...	120	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
1960 or before	10	...	...	0	...	...	48,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	30	...	...	0	...	...	146,775	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	105	...	...	0	...	...	67,920	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	30	...	...	93,515	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	75	...	...	63,060	...	...	220	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	10	...	...	64,550	...	...	20	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	155	...	...	120	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	135	...	...	120	...	...	578,295	...	...	235	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	0	...	...	26,340	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	155	...	...	120	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
One-maintainer household	60	...	...	90	...	...	286,505	...	...	80	...	...
Two-maintainer household	80	...	...	30	...	...	282,890	...	...	150	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20	...	...	0	...	...	35,230	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	155	...	...	120	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	20	...	...	15,275	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	20	...	...	0	...	...	95,360	...	...	25	...	...
35 to 44 years	35	...	...	10	...	...	132,875	...	...	35	...	...
45 to 54 years	40	...	...	25	...	...	121,200	...	...	105	...	...
55 to 64 years	30	...	...	15	...	...	114,325	...	...	60	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	30	...	...	78,705	...	...	20	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	20	...	...	34,680	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	150	...	...	x	...	...	599,605	...	...	250	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	115	...	...	x	...	...	466,085	...	...	185	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	40	...	...	x	...	...	133,520	...	...	60	...	...
30% to less than 100%	40	...	...	x	...	...	119,800	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	155	...	...	120	...	...	604,630	...	...	250	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	65	...	...	174,520	...	...	75	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	30	...	...	60	...	...	121,340	...	...	60	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	0	...	...	22,225	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	15	...	...	0	...	...	17,480	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	95	...	...	55	...	...	430,110	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	155	...	...	x	...	...	585,885	...	...	245	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	x	...	...	55,440	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	150	...	...	x	...	...	530,445	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	110	...	...	95	...	...	429,490	...	...	225	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.0	...	...	52.6	...	...	65.7	...	...	71.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.2	...	...	x	...	...	17.4	...	...	22.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	18.8	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	910	...	...	1,740	...	...	1,980	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	1,440	...	...	1,792	...	...	1,880	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	548,000	...	...	400,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	560,000	...	...	390,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	504,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40	...	...	25	...	...	172,840	...	...	25	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	50.0	...	...	x	...	...	34.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	20.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,040	...	...	x	...	...	1,350	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,900	...	...	1,800	...	...	1,414	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	x	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	480	265	215	180	75	105	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	855	440	420
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,230	22,330	24,905	20	15	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,875	21,725	24,145	20	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	470	260	210	170	75	95	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	835	420	415
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	480	265	215	180	75	105	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	855	435	420
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	435	240	195	160	65	95	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	745	380	365
Canadian citizens aged under 18	100	60	40	0	0	0	325,765	167,940	157,820	195	105	95
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	330	180	155	160	65	95	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	550	275	270
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	45	25	20	20	10	10	174,615	83,940	90,680	115	60	50
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	480	265	215	180	75	105	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	855	435	420
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	215	125	90	110	45	60	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	495	260	240
Immigrants⁸¹	255	135	125	55	20	35	473,580	227,640	245,935	340	165	175
Before 1980	20	0	10	15	10	10	56,750	27,435	29,320	35	20	10
1980 to 1990	10	0	10	0	0	0	44,975	21,950	23,020	55	25	30
1991 to 2000	45	25	10	0	0	0	67,220	32,280	34,935	45	10	30
2001 to 2010	105	55	50	15	10	10	127,170	61,140	66,030	100	50	50
2011 to 2021⁸²	85	40	40	15	0	10	177,465	84,835	92,630	115	65	50
2011 to 2015	55	25	30	0	0	0	89,810	43,015	46,795	70	30	40
2016 to 2021	30	20	10	0	0	0	87,650	41,815	45,835	45	35	15
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10	0	0	15	10	10	28,410	14,945	13,470	20	10	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	260	135	120	55	20	30	473,580	227,640	245,935	345	170	175
Under 5 years	35	15	25	0	0	0	41,205	20,985	20,220	30	15	15
5 to 14 years	65	45	25	10	0	0	79,795	41,370	38,425	75	35	35
15 to 24 years	15	0	10	0	0	0	82,830	37,905	44,930	80	35	45
25 to 44 years	125	65	65	45	15	25	223,080	105,885	117,190	120	60	60
45 years and over	10	10	0	0	0	0	46,670	21,495	25,170	50	25	20
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	260	135	120	55	20	30	473,580	227,640	245,935	345	170	175
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,280	23,315	26,970	25	10	15
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	0	0	0
Europe	35	15	15	15	0	15	83,855	41,815	42,040	15	10	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	10	0	10	27,675	14,575	13,095	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,355	27,975	27,385	30	20	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,410	9,205	9,210	0	0	0
Asia	205	105	95	35	15	15	279,930	132,545	147,390	275	130	145
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	145	75	70	0	0	0	36,925	16,915	20,015	110	65	50
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	10	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	71,315	31,605	39,715	95	40	55
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,350	7,325	9,030	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,580	30,730	30,850	20	15	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,425	9,810	9,615	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	15	10	0	22,735	10,640	12,090	20	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	30	20	10	0	0	0	87,650	41,815	45,830	45	30	15
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	15	15	0	0	0	0	55,100	25,850	29,250	30	20	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	15	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	25	20	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,870	7,455	7,420	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	480	265	215	180	75	100	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	855	435	420
First generation¹⁰⁰	270	140	130	70	30	45	518,345	251,010	267,335	370	180	185
Second generation¹⁰¹	90	55	40	45	25	20	329,675	166,505	163,165	170	70	100
Third generation or more¹⁰²	115	70	50	65	25	40	723,920	364,750	359,170	320	185	135
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	245	130	115	35	15	25	416,830	200,210	216,615	315	145	165
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	195	100	90	30	10	15	235,880	118,150	117,730	160	90	65
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	65	40	25	10	10	0	95,815	58,035	37,780	60	35	25
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	130	65	65	15	10	10	140,065	60,120	79,950	95	55	40
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	25	20	0	10	0	0	117,720	48,395	69,330	115	40	75
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,995	31,595	27,395	35	20	20
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	245	130	115	35	15	25	416,830	200,210	216,615	315	145	165
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	0	10	0	0	0	14,765	8,620	6,145	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	0	10	0	0	0	53,180	23,440	29,750	15	0	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40	30	15	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	20	15	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	165	90	75	30	10	20	313,060	149,760	163,300	265	120	145
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	480	265	215	180	75	100	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	855	435	420
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	295	145	145	55	30	25	575,650	282,735	292,910	455	230	230
South Asian	55	35	20	0	0	0	154,385	78,430	75,955	40	20	25
Chinese	220	105	110	25	15	10	93,975	45,570	48,410	215	110	105
Black	25	10	10	0	0	0	76,470	38,665	37,800	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,235	42,365	49,880	90	45	50
Arab	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	0	0	0
Latin American	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,720	13,405	15,310	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	25	10	15
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,840	10,195	10,645	40	20	20
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	180	115	70	120	45	75	996,285	499,530	496,755	395	205	190
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	475	265	215	180	75	105	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	855	435	420
Canadian	50	25	25	0	0	0	168,075	87,325	80,750	30	20	15
English	40	30	10	30	10	20	276,300	136,835	139,465	120	60	65
Irish	50	25	20	15	10	0	202,260	98,040	104,225	125	75	50
Scottish	50	35	20	30	20	10	235,385	115,820	119,575	140	80	60
French, n.o.s.¹²²	25	15	10	0	0	0	104,160	50,935	53,225	30	20	15
German	45	30	10	35	15	25	197,770	97,860	99,910	85	35	55
Chinese	175	90	90	25	10	15	99,705	48,045	51,650	230	120	110
Italian	25	20	0	10	0	0	44,840	22,330	22,510	35	15	20
Indian (India)	20	15	0	0	0	0	77,900	39,545	38,355	30	15	15
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	89,615	43,675	45,940	45	30	15
Dutch	15	10	0	15	0	10	53,665	26,510	27,155	15	0	10
Polish	15	10	10	15	10	10	53,675	25,885	27,790	20	10	10
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	10	0	0	53,825	27,135	26,690	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,850	40,140	46,710	70	30	45
French Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	10	0	10	28,815	14,565	14,250	0	0	0
Russian	15	10	10	10	0	10	36,090	16,840	19,255	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,865	21,320	23,545	30	25	10
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	40	15	25
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	15	0	10
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,085	10,145	9,940	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,750	10,685	12,065	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0
Danish	10	0	0	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,225	6,465	6,765	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	25	10	15
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	10	15	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	480	265	215	180	75	100	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	855	435	420
Buddhist	20	10	10	0	0	0	22,425	9,955	12,470	15	10	0
Christian	110	60	50	75	25	50	713,465	336,705	376,760	410	190	220
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	30	15	15	20	10	15	153,665	73,675	79,985	40	25	20
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	25	10	15
Anglican	10	10	0	0	0	0	35,625	16,415	19,210	20	10	10
Baptist	10	10	0	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	0	0	0
Catholic	15	10	10	20	15	10	312,410	149,290	163,120	315	145	175
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	25	10	10	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	15	10	0	20	10	15	51,720	22,415	29,305	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	15	0	10	10	0	10	43,375	20,405	22,970	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,335	18,180	17,155	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0
Muslim	25	15	15	0	0	0	101,285	51,675	49,610	45	15	35
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,230	28,325	27,905	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	15	10	10	11,305	4,775	6,530	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	305	175	130	75	40	40	623,560	328,795	294,765	360	220	140
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	480	265	215	180	75	105	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	850	435	415
Non-movers	450	250	195	150	55	95	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	845	435	410
Movers	30	10	20	30	20	10	209,550	104,275	105,275	10	0	10
Non-migrants	20	10	10	30	20	10	147,415	73,505	73,910	0	0	0
Migrants	10	0	10	0	0	0	62,135	30,765	31,365	0	0	0
Internal migrants	10	0	10	0	0	0	47,380	23,440	23,940	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	460	250	205	180	75	100	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	815	425	395
Non-movers	305	170	130	110	40	70	863,155	429,060	434,095	650	320	325
Movers	160	80	75	65	35	30	619,175	307,300	311,880	170	100	65
Non-migrants	110	55	50	30	15	15	363,260	181,560	181,700	125	75	50
Migrants	50	25	25	40	20	20	255,920	125,740	130,180	45	25	15
Internal migrants	15	0	10	30	10	20	177,420	87,415	90,005	10	10	0
Intraprovincial migrants	10	0	0	15	0	15	112,590	55,855	56,735	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	10	0	10	64,830	31,560	33,270	10	10	0
External migrants	30	15	15	10	10	0	78,500	38,320	40,180	35	20	15
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	395	205	190	180	75	105	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	675	350	335
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	60	35	25	15	0	10	182,850	95,955	86,895	130	70	60
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	335	170	160	165	70	95	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	545	275	270
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	270	130	135	80	30	45	886,650	437,700	448,950	480	225	250
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	35	10	15	0	0	0	79,025	43,715	35,310	70	30	40
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	235	120	120	80	30	45	807,620	393,985	413,640	405	195	210
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	395	205	185	175	75	105	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	680	345	335
No certificate, diploma or degree	50	25	20	0	0	0	163,710	84,360	79,350	135	70	65
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	85	40	40	50	20	35	339,400	169,445	169,950	215	125	90
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	265	140	125	120	55	60	775,265	377,350	397,915	330	155	180
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	115	60	45	75	30	45	348,595	174,345	174,250	150	70	80
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	0	0	15	0	10	84,805	63,760	21,050	20	20	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	15	0	10	29,285	16,610	12,680	15	15	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	80	55	20	50	30	25	221,065	92,585	128,480	100	45	60
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	0	20	10	0	10	42,725	18,000	24,720	30	0	25
Bachelor's degree or higher	150	75	75	45	30	20	426,670	203,005	223,660	180	80	100
Bachelor's degree	75	25	45	20	15	10	294,610	137,240	157,375	135	65	80
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,475	10,080	12,390	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	0	0	0
Master's degree	55	40	20	20	10	15	86,005	42,875	43,130	30	15	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	0	0	0	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	265	130	135	80	35	50	886,650	437,700	448,950	480	230	250
No certificate, diploma or degree	25	15	15	0	0	0	66,625	36,450	30,175	70	35	35
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30	15	15	20	10	10	197,715	102,665	95,045	115	65	50
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	210	100	105	60	25	40	622,315	298,585	323,730	290	130	165
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	80	40	45	35	10	20	266,590	133,640	132,950	120	55	65
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,270	48,090	15,175	15	15	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,715	12,025	8,685	10	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	55	40	20	25	15	10	170,270	71,565	98,700	80	35	45
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	0	20	0	0	0	33,050	13,985	19,070	25	10	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	130	65	65	30	10	15	355,720	164,940	190,775	170	70	95
Bachelor's degree	60	15	40	0	0	0	244,340	111,530	132,810	135	60	75
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	0	0	0
Master's degree	55	35	20	25	10	10	74,335	35,965	38,370	30	10	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	0	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	390	205	185	180	75	105	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	680	345	335
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	130	70	65	60	20	40	503,110	253,805	249,305	350	195	155
Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,605	10,200	36,405	50	0	45
13. Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,605	10,200	36,405	50	0	45
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,385	9,460	13,925	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,825	7,530	13,295	0	0	0
Humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,000	12,365	21,635	35	10	30
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,415	1,915	5,495	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	4,095	7,460	15	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	10	0	10	0	0	83,860	28,790	55,065	25	10	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,515	5,275	10,245	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0	30,700	14,865	15,830	10	10	10
Business, management and public administration	65	30	30	30	10	30	177,710	75,825	101,885	75	30	40
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	30	25	30	10	30	168,935	74,160	94,770	75	30	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	15	0	0	0	39,940	20,670	19,265	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	10	0	0	36,465	23,975	12,485	15	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	10	0	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	15	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	80	50	20	40	30	0	173,505	149,155	24,355	65	60	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	0	0	0
14. Engineering	35	20	10	15	15	0	66,620	53,075	13,545	30	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	25	15	10	15	10	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	20	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,060	27,225	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	10	10	0	22,210	21,530	675	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,885	11,515	375	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	10	0	0	0	15,905	7,900	8,005	10	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	10	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	0	0	0
Health and related fields	45	0	35	20	15	10	111,080	22,865	88,215	30	0	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	25	20	15	10	98,680	16,900	81,780	30	0	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	15	0	10	0	10	32,595	16,030	16,565	15	15	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	15	0	10	0	10	20,215	6,265	13,950	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	265	135	130	80	30	45	886,650	437,700	448,950	480	225	255
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	55	30	30	20	10	10	264,340	139,115	125,220	185	100	85
Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	45	0	40
13. Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	45	0	40
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	0	0	0
Humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,945	9,460	17,490	35	10	25
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,035	1,555	4,480	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	3,220	6,225	15	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	10	0	0	0	0	69,810	23,220	46,590	25	10	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0	25,655	12,155	13,505	15	10	10
Business, management and public administration	45	20	25	20	10	10	145,930	61,450	84,480	70	30	40
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	45	20	25	20	10	10	138,835	60,195	78,640	70	30	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	0	0	0	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	10	0	10	31,330	20,720	10,615	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	10	0	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	10	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	60	40	20	10	10	0	138,260	116,630	21,630	50	50	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	0	0	0
14. Engineering	40	20	10	0	0	0	55,310	43,055	12,260	20	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0	0	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,755	21,035	720	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	10	0	16,875	16,295	580	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,785	8,485	305	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	10	0	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	10	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	10	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	0	30	15	0	10	88,715	18,735	69,980	25	0	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	20	15	0	10	78,745	14,010	64,730	25	0	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	15	15	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	10	0	0	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	10	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	265	135	130	80	30	45	886,650	437,700	448,950	480	225	255
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55	30	30	20	10	10	264,340	139,115	125,220	185	100	85
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	210	105	110	60	20	35	622,310	298,585	323,730	290	125	160
Location of study inside Canada	150	80	70	45	10	30	455,590	220,680	234,910	180	85	100
Same as province or territory of residence	125	65	60	20	10	10	328,175	157,540	170,630	125	55	65
Different than province or territory of residence	20	15	10	25	10	20	127,410	63,135	64,275	60	25	35
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	65	30	40	20	10	10	166,725	77,905	88,820	110	45	60
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,670	14,305	14,360	15	10	10
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	15	0	10
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0
Asia	50	30	25	10	0	10	91,990	39,695	52,295	75	25	50
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	45	20	20	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	40	20	20
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,585	12,115	18,470	15	0	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,005	11,780	13,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	395	205	185	175	75	105	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	680	345	335
In the labour force	275	155	120	65	40	30	882,705	463,170	419,540	500	265	240
Employed	235	130	105	50	30	20	776,015	408,675	367,335	430	210	225
Unemployed	40	25	15	15	10	10	106,695	54,490	52,205	70	50	20
Not in the labour force	120	50	70	110	40	70	395,665	167,985	227,680	175	80	90
Participation rate	69.6	75.6	64.9	37.1	53.3	28.6	69.0	73.4	64.8	73.5	76.8	71.6
Employment rate	59.5	63.4	56.8	28.6	40.0	19.0	60.7	64.8	56.8	63.2	60.9	67.2
Unemployment rate	14.5	16.1	12.5	23.1	25.0	33.3	12.1	11.8	12.4	14.0	18.9	8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	390	205	185	180	75	100	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	680	345	335
Did not work¹⁸⁶	130	60	70	110	35	75	422,665	183,645	239,020	165	80	85
Worked	260	145	120	70	35	30	855,710	447,510	408,200	515	265	255
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	135	75	60	30	10	20	450,195	257,535	192,655	230	130	105
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	135	75	55	35	30	10	405,520	189,970	215,550	285	135	150
Average weeks worked in reference year	36.6	36.0	37.2	37.0	32.0	42.0	40.7	41.5	39.8	35.9	36.0	35.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	270	150	120	70	35	30	882,710	463,165	419,540	505	265	240
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	265	150	115	60	35	30	853,695	449,150	404,550	505	265	240
Employee	230	125	105	55	30	30	715,140	365,090	350,050	440	230	210
Permanent position	195	110	85	45	20	25	600,125	311,480	288,645	310	150	155
Temporary position	35	20	20	10	10	0	115,020	53,615	61,405	130	75	55
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,760	16,790	20,970	35	20	20
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	30	20	15	10	10	0	77,260	36,820	40,435	90	55	35
Self-employed¹⁹²	35	25	10	0	0	0	138,550	84,060	54,500	65	30	30
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	270	150	120	70	35	30	882,710	463,165	419,540	505	265	240
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	265	150	115	60	35	30	853,695	449,150	404,550	505	265	240
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	55	25	30	15	0	15	161,170	53,245	107,930	55	20	40
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35	35	0	20	20	0	94,565	72,340	22,225	45	30	20
3 Health occupations	20	0	20	0	0	0	69,305	13,810	55,490	25	0	20
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	20	0	15	0	0	0	92,850	30,655	62,195	70	10	65
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	10	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	70	40	30	10	0	10	209,115	94,840	114,280	225	135	90
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	30	15	10	10	0	147,375	132,085	15,290	75	65	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10	10	0	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,565	19,070	6,490	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	270	150	120	70	35	30	882,710	463,165	419,540	505	265	240
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	265	150	115	60	35	30	853,695	449,150	404,550	505	265	240
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0	0	0	0	39,750	26,465	13,290	10	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	0	0	0
23 Construction	15	15	0	0	0	0	75,665	63,720	11,945	10	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	15	0	15	0	0	0	41,545	30,255	11,295	20	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	0	0	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	15	15	0
44-45 Retail trade	40	20	20	0	0	0	96,885	46,555	50,330	65	45	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	25	15	10	0	0	0	56,135	40,670	15,470	55	45	10
51 Information and cultural industries	10	10	0	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	15	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,760	13,930	16,825	20	10	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	0	0	0	0	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	10	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	40	20	20	20	15	0	96,185	55,190	40,995	30	10	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	10	0	0	0	0	37,790	21,285	16,510	25	10	10
61 Educational services	15	0	10	0	0	0	55,510	16,805	38,700	35	0	35
62 Health care and social assistance	30	0	30	10	0	0	107,190	20,475	86,720	65	15	50
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	25	25	0
72 Accommodation and food services	20	15	0	0	0	0	49,900	22,440	27,460	75	30	45
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	0	0	0	0	0	37,065	16,090	20,975	10	0	10
91 Public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,305	16,235	15,075	15	10	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	295	170	125	75	40	35	926,320	483,455	442,860	540	280	255
English	255	160	95	75	40	35	878,705	460,305	418,400	510	260	245
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	20	10	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	20	10	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	40	10	30	0	0	0	30,355	15,535	14,825	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	295	170	125	75	40	35	926,320	483,455	442,860	540	280	255
Single responses	285	170	110	75	40	35	919,325	479,835	439,490	530	275	255
Official languages	275	165	105	75	40	35	906,220	473,040	433,180	510	260	245
English	275	165	105	75	40	35	903,745	472,395	431,350	510	260	245
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0
Non-official languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	13,105	6,795	6,310	25	20	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	13,090	6,795	6,300	25	20	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	25	20	10
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	25	20	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	15	15	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	0	10	0	0	0	7,000	3,625	3,375	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0	0	0	5,765	3,065	2,695	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	295	170	125	75	40	35	926,320	483,455	442,860	540	280	255
None	265	160	105	75	40	35	893,045	467,350	425,695	530	275	255
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	0	0	0
Non-official language	20	10	10	0	0	0	17,585	8,825	8,760	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	10	0	0	0	17,465	8,780	8,690	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	230	130	100	50	30	20	776,010	408,680	367,335	430	210	225
Worked at home	65	35	30	35	25	10	215,520	105,290	110,230	115	45	70
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	50	35	10	0	0	0	113,260	83,885	29,375	40	35	0
Usual place of work	115	50	60	15	0	10	444,410	217,405	227,005	280	130	150
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	110	50	60	15	10	10	444,410	217,405	227,005	275	130	150
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	110	50	60	15	10	10	361,065	170,000	191,065	260	120	140
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,230	37,715	31,505	10	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	10	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	160	90	70	15	10	10	557,670	301,290	256,380	320	165	155
Car, truck or van	150	85	65	10	10	10	473,465	261,055	212,410	280	145	135
Car, truck or van - as a driver	130	75	55	10	10	10	441,645	249,990	191,655	240	140	105
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	10	0	0	0	0	31,820	11,060	20,755	35	10	25
Public transit	15	10	10	0	0	0	40,930	17,775	23,165	25	10	15
Walked	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325	10	0	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	160	90	70	15	10	10	557,670	301,290	256,380	320	165	155
Less than 15 minutes	15	15	0	0	0	0	128,460	58,155	70,310	65	35	30
15 to 29 minutes	70	45	25	10	10	10	242,460	130,855	111,610	155	80	75
30 to 44 minutes	60	20	35	0	0	0	125,765	75,100	50,660	80	35	45
45 to 59 minutes	15	10	10	0	0	0	31,050	18,505	12,545	10	10	0
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,930	18,665	11,265	10	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	160	90	70	15	10	10	557,670	301,290	256,380	320	165	155
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,665	27,280	10,390	35	20	15
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15	0	10	0	0	0	100,900	63,500	37,400	45	15	30
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	60	45	15	0	0	0	143,455	75,755	67,700	75	25	50
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	35	0	25	0	0	0	105,095	50,620	54,475	50	30	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10	10	0	0	0	0	79,595	35,415	44,180	40	20	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	45	30	15	0	0	0	90,950	48,715	42,230	75	50	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	125	75	50	15	5	10	356,225	183,250	172,980	270	130	140
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	10	0	0	0	0	25,335	12,890	12,445	15	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	115	65	50	15	5	10	330,890	170,360	160,535	260	125	135
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	105	55	45	10	5	10	259,535	133,590	125,945	225	110	115
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	0	0	0	0	18,890	9,625	9,270	5	5	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,575	4,670	4,910	5	0	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	5	0	0	0	0	9,315	4,955	4,360	5	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	95	50	45	10	5	5	240,640	123,965	116,675	210	110	105

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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