Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48060232More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48062296More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	318	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	1,390	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	120	...	...	638,160	...	...	457	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	117	...	...	604,628	...	...	445	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,380.2	...	...	126.1	...	...	4,256.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.07	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	0.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	315	170	150	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	1,390	680	710
0 to 14 years	55	30	25	294,075	151,285	142,785	345	170	170
0 to 4 years	15	10	5	89,790	46,155	43,630	85	45	45
5 to 9 years	20	15	5	100,905	51,680	49,225	145	70	75
10 to 14 years	15	10	10	103,380	53,450	49,930	115	60	55
15 to 64 years	225	115	105	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	960	470	495
15 to 19 years	20	10	5	92,025	47,355	44,675	105	55	45
20 to 24 years	15	10	10	91,515	47,260	44,260	70	35	35
25 to 29 years	10	10	5	101,235	50,320	50,915	70	35	35
30 to 34 years	25	15	15	123,235	60,255	62,980	100	40	60
35 to 39 years	35	20	15	132,045	64,950	67,095	135	60	80
40 to 44 years	30	15	15	121,735	60,110	61,625	160	85	75
45 to 49 years	20	5	10	111,345	55,485	55,860	115	60	55
50 to 54 years	15	10	10	103,325	51,835	51,490	95	50	50
55 to 59 years	25	15	15	101,580	50,260	51,320	60	25	35
60 to 64 years	25	10	15	96,735	47,710	49,020	45	20	30
65 years and over	35	20	20	221,795	103,495	118,300	85	35	45
65 to 69 years	15	10	10	78,095	38,250	39,845	35	15	20
70 to 74 years	10	5	5	58,785	28,310	30,475	20	10	15
75 to 79 years	10	5	5	36,570	17,235	19,340	20	5	10
80 to 84 years	0	0	0	23,750	10,405	13,350	5	5	0
85 years and over	0	0	0	24,595	9,300	15,290	5	0	0
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	15,285	6,230	9,050	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.5	17.6	16.7	18.5	19.1	17.8	24.8	25.0	23.9
15 to 64 years	71.4	67.6	70.0	67.6	67.8	67.4	69.1	69.1	69.7
65 years and over	11.1	11.8	13.3	13.9	13.1	14.8	6.1	5.1	6.3
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.5	1.2	1.9	0.4	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	39.4	37.6	41.6	38.9	38.3	39.6	33.3	32.8	33.8
Median age of the population	39.6	38.4	42.4	38.4	38.0	39.2	35.2	34.8	35.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	115	...	...	604,630	...	...	445	...	...
Single-detached house	110	...	...	351,925	...	...	260	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	39,065	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	57,180	...	...	180	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	21,855	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	89,225	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	115	...	...	604,630	...	...	445	...	...
1 person	20	...	...	151,770	...	...	85	...	...
2 persons	40	...	...	196,980	...	...	95	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	96,165	...	...	75	...	...
4 persons	15	...	...	97,780	...	...	105	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	61,930	...	...	85	...	...
Number of persons in private households	315	170	150	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,390	680	715
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	260	140	125	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	1,045	505	540
Married or living common-law	160	80	80	773,480	387,015	386,465	655	330	325
Married	135	65	65	657,160	328,650	328,510	585	295	295
Living common-law	20	10	10	116,320	58,365	57,960	70	40	35
Living common law - Never married	20	10	10	87,265	43,935	43,330	65	30	30
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	5	5	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	0	5	23,185	11,490	11,690	5	0	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	100	55	45	523,090	252,020	271,065	390	175	210
Not married and not living common law - Never married	80	55	30	364,145	197,890	166,255	295	150	145
Not married and not living common law - Separated	0	0	5	29,375	12,665	16,710	25	10	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	15	0	10	79,920	30,945	48,970	55	15	40
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	5	10	49,640	10,520	39,125	20	0	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	95	...	...	438,900	...	...	375	...	...
2 persons	45	...	...	204,395	...	...	120	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	94,815	...	...	85	...	...
4 persons	15	...	...	97,660	...	...	115	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	42,025	...	...	50	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	95	...	...	438,900	...	...	375	...	...
Total couple families	75	...	...	377,050	...	...	325	...	...
Married couples	65	...	...	318,890	...	...	290	...	...
With children⁶	40	...	...	190,345	...	...	210	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	128,545	...	...	75	...	...
Common-law couples	15	...	...	58,160	...	...	35	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	19,165	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	38,995	...	...	20	...	...
Total one-parent families	15	...	...	61,850	...	...	50	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	15	...	...	47,785	...	...	40	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	14,065	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	320	170	150	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,390	680	715
Total - Persons in census families	270	140	130	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	1,240	610	630
Married spouses or common-law partners	160	80	80	754,090	377,085	377,010	645	325	325
Parents in one-parent families	15	5	10	61,855	14,065	47,790	55	10	45
Children⁶	100	60	40	492,710	260,395	232,315	545	280	265
In a two-parent family	80	45	30	396,580	208,580	188,000	455	245	215
In a one-parent family	20	10	10	96,130	51,815	44,315	85	40	45
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	45	25	20	263,280	130,670	132,615	150	65	85
Living alone	20	10	10	151,765	71,605	80,165	85	35	55
Living with other relatives⁷	15	10	5	40,060	17,085	22,975	30	15	20
Living with non-relatives only	10	5	10	71,460	41,975	29,480	30	20	15
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	120	...	...	604,630	...	...	445	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	80	...	...	375,185	...	...	295	...	...
Couple-family households	70	...	...	328,515	...	...	260	...	...
With children⁶	40	...	...	182,665	...	...	185	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	145,845	...	...	70	...	...
One-parent-family households	10	...	...	46,670	...	...	35	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	20,165	...	...	25	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	4,730	...	...	10	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	22,485	...	...	25	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	30,295	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	20	...	...	151,765	...	...	85	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	260	135	125	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	1,045	505	540
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	255	135	125	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	970	465	505
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200	59,200	42,800	44,800	52,400	39,200	53,200	60,400	47,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	255	135	125	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	970	465	505
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	49,600	40,000	40,400	46,000	36,000	46,800	51,600	43,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	235	120	110	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	900	440	455
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	56,000	38,800	40,800	50,000	32,400	50,800	58,800	44,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	210	115	95	922,195	474,800	447,395	815	400	410
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	51,200	39,200	42,400	50,800	34,800	54,400	60,800	47,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	220	105	110	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	840	380	465
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,450	4,920	8,500	7,600	5,600	9,100	5,480	3,140	6,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25	15	10	136,975	64,415	72,555	115	50	65
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,850	x	x	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,760	5,920	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80	45	35	384,535	184,820	199,710	315	155	160
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	7,500	9,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	250	125	125	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,005	515	490
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	245	120	125	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	930	460	465
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	67,500	84,000	53,000	65,500	78,400	52,850	68,200	75,200	61,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	245	120	125	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	930	460	465
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,000	67,000	46,000	53,050	61,750	44,560	55,600	60,600	50,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	230	110	120	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	880	460	415
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	63,600	79,000	49,000	62,300	76,300	48,160	64,600	69,600	59,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	230	110	120	922,200	475,075	447,125	795	410	385
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,600	73,000	43,000	60,800	73,200	47,640	65,200	70,800	59,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	215	105	115	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	785	360	425
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,900	9,400	8,200	10,020	8,930	11,050	8,680	7,360	9,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30	15	15	136,685	64,550	72,135	100	35	70
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,600	4,500	10,000	7,070	6,620	7,480	7,700	5,200	8,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90	40	45	383,100	184,610	198,485	295	165	130
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	10,400	6,200	9,270	9,160	9,380	9,000	8,300	9,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	255	125	130	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	1,005	515	490
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	100	60	45	432,255	245,295	186,965	430	235	190
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,000	92,000	69,500	73,000	80,000	65,000	75,500	80,000	69,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,000	96,000	62,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	92,400	95,000	89,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	90	30	60	374,345	173,060	201,290	295	140	160
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,400	x	34,800	20,400	23,400	18,400	29,000	33,600	28,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,000	48,000	37,000	33,960	40,480	28,360	36,400	40,000	33,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	88.0	92.0	88.0	86.6	90.2	81.4	89.2	92.0	86.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	80.0	84.0	76.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	81.6	84.0	79.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	11.6	10.0	14.0	13.4	9.8	18.5	10.7	7.6	14.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.6	2.5	1.2	0.9	1.7	1.2	0.5	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	4.8	4.8	5.0	3.9	6.5	4.6	4.2	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.5	3.6	5.7	4.1	4.0	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	260	140	125	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	1,045	505	540
Without total income	10	5	0	63,430	30,900	32,525	75	40	40
With total income	255	130	125	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	970	465	500
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	10	5	107,500	44,415	63,085	85	35	55
$10,000 to $19,999	25	10	15	115,465	47,780	67,690	80	35	45
$20,000 to $29,999	30	15	20	178,230	78,800	99,430	110	50	60
$30,000 to $39,999	30	15	15	142,910	61,170	81,740	95	35	60
$40,000 to $49,999	20	5	10	122,655	55,960	66,690	80	30	45
$50,000 to $59,999	20	10	10	101,530	48,280	53,245	85	45	40
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	10	85,080	42,725	42,355	85	35	50
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	5	68,705	36,885	31,825	65	30	35
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	5	53,900	30,515	23,385	50	25	25
$90,000 to $99,999	20	10	5	45,345	25,570	19,775	55	35	20
$100,000 and over	35	20	10	193,625	128,165	65,460	180	110	70
$100,000 to $149,999	20	10	10	113,250	69,295	43,955	130	70	60
$150,000 and over	10	10	0	80,375	58,870	21,505	50	40	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	260	140	125	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	1,045	505	540
Without after-tax income	10	5	0	62,710	30,505	32,210	75	40	40
With after-tax income	255	130	125	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	970	465	500
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	10	5	112,205	46,185	66,020	85	35	55
$10,000 to $19,999	25	10	15	120,545	50,115	70,430	90	35	50
$20,000 to $29,999	40	15	25	201,940	89,680	112,255	130	60	70
$30,000 to $39,999	30	15	15	166,565	73,405	93,160	110	45	65
$40,000 to $49,999	30	20	15	143,135	67,430	75,705	115	50	65
$50,000 to $59,999	25	15	15	114,565	57,190	57,380	95	40	55
$60,000 to $69,999	20	15	10	87,375	47,045	40,330	85	40	50
$70,000 to $79,999	25	15	10	65,115	36,810	28,305	65	35	25
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	10	51,690	28,935	22,760	75	35	35
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	35,160	21,215	13,945	40	25	15
$100,000 and over	15	15	0	117,360	82,665	34,700	80	60	20
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	48,950	32,240	16,710	40	30	15
$125,000 and over	10	5	0	68,410	50,430	17,985	35	30	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	260	140	125	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	1,045	505	540
Without employment income	50	20	35	356,175	156,380	199,795	235	100	130
With employment income	210	120	95	922,200	474,800	447,395	815	405	410
Under $5,000 (including loss)	20	15	5	116,020	54,130	61,895	80	40	45
$5,000 to $9,999	15	15	5	73,350	31,190	42,165	55	30	30
$10,000 to $19,999	30	10	15	101,970	44,705	57,260	60	25	35
$20,000 to $29,999	20	5	10	78,390	35,640	42,745	45	20	30
$30,000 to $39,999	20	10	10	73,695	34,455	39,235	65	20	45
$40,000 to $49,999	10	5	5	71,335	34,515	36,815	70	35	35
$50,000 to $59,999	15	5	10	67,050	32,805	34,245	65	35	30
$60,000 to $69,999	20	15	5	60,120	30,900	29,220	65	25	40
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	49,420	27,665	21,750	45	25	25
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	10	40,555	23,400	17,160	45	20	25
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	5	37,010	20,630	16,375	50	30	20
$100,000 and over	25	15	10	153,280	104,755	48,525	165	105	60
$100,000 to $124,999	15	5	10	61,175	36,970	24,210	100	50	50
$125,000 and over	15	10	0	92,100	67,780	24,320	65	55	15
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	260	135	125	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	1,045	505	540
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	250	130	120	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	945	460	485
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,200	57,200	45,600	44,400	53,200	37,600	52,800	60,000	47,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	250	130	120	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	945	460	485
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	49,600	39,200	40,000	46,400	34,400	46,000	52,800	42,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	235	125	115	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	885	435	450
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,200	55,200	44,400	43,600	52,800	35,600	53,600	61,200	47,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	210	110	95	923,490	475,205	448,285	810	400	405
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	56,800	47,200	44,800	53,600	37,600	55,200	64,000	49,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	210	105	105	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	785	360	425
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,540	990	3,240	1,190	960	3,040	1,040	890	2,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15	5	10	85,480	38,765	46,720	60	20	40
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	6,450	5,680	7,200	6,080	5,440	6,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	250	125	125	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,005	515	490
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	250	125	125	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	900	450	455
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,500	82,000	51,000	65,500	80,000	51,400	65,200	71,600	58,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	250	125	125	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	900	450	455
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,000	65,000	43,000	52,650	62,600	43,000	53,000	58,000	47,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	230	110	120	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	855	435	420
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	66,500	82,000	51,000	65,600	80,800	50,200	65,000	72,000	57,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	225	110	120	923,490	475,385	448,110	790	405	375
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,400	76,000	50,000	64,100	77,600	49,760	67,600	74,400	60,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	200	100	100	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	735	365	375
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,920	4,100	5,700	6,130	5,076	7,130	4,290	2,320	6,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25	0	25	84,820	38,275	46,545	55	15	40
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	...	6,000	8,200	7,120	9,080	8,400	6,000	9,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	255	125	130	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	1,005	515	490
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	105	55	45	428,265	243,165	185,105	430	240	190
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	77,500	93,000	69,500	70,500	78,500	62,000	71,500	78,500	67,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,000	100,000	64,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	88,800	96,000	81,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	85	30	55	353,070	163,500	189,570	275	130	145
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	44,400	x	45,200	28,800	33,200	25,600	31,600	36,000	29,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	51,000	52,000	50,000	43,720	53,050	35,720	45,200	48,000	43,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.0	96.0	92.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	94.8	97.0	91.0
Employment income (%)	86.0	84.0	88.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	90.8	95.0	86.0
Government transfers (%)	6.0	4.2	8.8	7.9	5.3	11.9	5.4	2.6	8.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	...	2.4	0.9	0.6	1.4	0.8	0.4	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	115	...	...	604,630	...	...	445	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	20	...	...	151,765	...	...	85	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,600	...	...	50,400	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	44,000	...	...	54,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	95	...	...	452,860	...	...	360	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	105	...	...	604,630	...	...	435	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	158,000	...	...	131,600	...	...	146,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	106,600	...	...	119,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	151,830	...	...	100	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	67,800	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	55,250	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	90	...	...	452,795	...	...	335	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...	152,800	...	...	159,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	131,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	115	...	...	604,630	...	...	445	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	6,730	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,245	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,475	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,245	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	16,055	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	16,860	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	14,380	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	16,415	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	17,790	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	17,750	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	36,405	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5	...	...	37,740	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	37,230	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5	...	...	35,705	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	34,355	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	70	...	...	303,255	...	...	285	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	74,975	...	...	65	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	58,215	...	...	55	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	76,310	...	...	80	...	...
$200,000 and over	15	...	...	93,755	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	115	...	...	604,630	...	...	445	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	7,625	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,380	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,615	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,745	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	17,335	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	19,015	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	16,770	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	19,345	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	21,320	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	21,155	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5	...	...	44,695	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	45,520	...	...	35	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	44,095	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	42,705	...	...	35	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	38,715	...	...	30	...	...
$100,000 and over	60	...	...	251,600	...	...	245	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	78,970	...	...	70	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	56,565	...	...	60	...	...
$150,000 and over	20	...	...	116,060	...	...	115	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	95	...	...	431,155	...	...	355	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	151,045	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	209,715	...	...	225	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	158,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	56,700	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	75,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	68,500	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	35	15	20	223,225	113,580	109,645	115	50	65
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,400	x	x	44,400	46,000	43,200	58,400	56,000	59,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,600	x	x	40,000	40,800	38,800	49,200	48,000	49,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	90	...	...	431,010	...	...	335	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	156,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	128,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	151,205	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	120,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	209,670	...	...	245	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	162,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	133,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	56,445	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	90,200	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	78,200	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	25	0	0	223,320	113,715	109,605	120	60	60
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	76,000	x	x	60,050	61,950	58,050	94,000	72,000	116,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	60,000	x	x	49,640	50,640	48,560	72,000	60,000	84,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	315	170	150	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,390	675	710
0 to 17 years	70	40	30	349,785	179,925	169,860	415	205	210
0 to 5 years	20	10	5	109,785	56,290	53,495	115	55	60
18 to 64 years	215	110	100	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	885	430	455
65 years and over	35	20	20	209,135	99,390	109,740	85	35	50
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	25	10	10	134,160	64,550	69,610	65	30	30
0 to 17 years	5	0	0	35,370	18,260	17,110	30	15	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	11,490	5,880	5,610	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	15	5	5	78,110	37,880	40,225	30	10	15
65 years and over	5	0	0	20,680	8,400	12,270	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.8	8.0	5.0	8.5	8.3	8.8	4.6	4.8	4.8
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	10.1	10.2	10.1	6.4	8.0	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5	6.0	10.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	6.0	6.0	7.7	7.5	7.9	3.4	2.8	4.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	9.9	8.5	11.2	10.0	10.0	10.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	320	165	150	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,390	680	715
0 to 17 years	65	35	30	349,790	179,930	169,855	420	210	205
0 to 5 years	15	10	10	109,785	56,290	53,500	115	55	55
18 to 64 years	210	110	105	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	885	435	455
65 years and over	40	20	20	209,130	99,390	109,740	85	40	45
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5	5	5	81,680	42,310	39,370	60	30	30
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	18,085	9,305	8,780	25	15	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	5,625	2,890	2,730	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	5	5	5	57,155	29,990	27,170	30	15	15
65 years and over	0	0	0	6,440	3,015	3,420	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.0	3.0	x	5.2	5.4	5.0	4.2	4.4	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	6.0	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	6.0	10.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	5.6	6.0	5.3	3.2	3.2	3.2
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1	8.0	x	8.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	315	170	150	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	1,390	680	710
In bottom half of the distribution	120	65	55	673,690	328,825	344,865	490	235	255
In bottom decile	20	10	5	124,250	62,485	61,770	70	35	35
In second decile	15	5	10	132,700	62,320	70,380	60	30	35
In third decile	35	20	10	133,855	64,900	68,960	85	40	45
In fourth decile	15	5	5	138,980	68,120	70,855	135	65	70
In fifth decile	40	20	20	143,905	71,000	72,900	150	70	80
In top half of the distribution	200	105	95	898,245	453,385	444,865	900	440	455
In sixth decile	35	15	15	150,845	75,135	75,710	140	70	65
In seventh decile	40	20	20	155,985	78,075	77,910	145	70	75
In eighth decile	40	25	20	164,975	82,995	81,980	205	105	95
In ninth decile	50	25	20	181,315	91,520	89,795	225	110	115
In top decile	35	15	15	245,130	125,660	119,470	185	85	95
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	320	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	1,390	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.272	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.380	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.343	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.260	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.242	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	320	165	150	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,390	680	715
English only	285	155	130	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	1,300	640	655
French only	0	0	0	980	425	555	0	0	0
English and French	30	15	20	103,090	47,140	55,945	60	25	30
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	34,235	13,810	20,420	25	10	20
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	320	165	150	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,390	680	715
English	315	160	150	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	1,345	665	685
French	5	5	0	20,675	10,250	10,425	15	10	10
English and French	0	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	0	0	5
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	33,340	13,355	19,985	25	10	20
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	320	165	150	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,390	680	715
Single responses	310	160	145	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	1,330	645	685
Official languages	245	135	110	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	850	420	425
English	240	135	110	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	835	415	420
French	5	5	0	20,090	9,970	10,115	15	10	5
Non-official languages	65	25	40	415,050	198,790	216,260	485	225	260
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	645	270	380	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	65	25	40	414,405	198,525	215,885	485	225	260
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	35,495	18,255	17,240	20	5	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	32,085	16,545	15,535	15	0	10
Amharic	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	21,355	11,215	10,145	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	14,785	6,645	8,140	10	10	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	13,810	6,185	7,625	15	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	5	10	55,755	24,650	31,110	75	35	40
Bikol	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	970	415	555	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	5	5	0
Fijian	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	5	45,300	20,005	25,290	65	25	40
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	15	10	5
Tamil	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	5	0	5
Telugu	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	20	20	203,750	100,055	103,695	215	100	115
Albanian	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	5	15	30,225	13,960	16,270	15	10	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	5	15	29,740	13,735	16,005	15	10	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	15	5	10	7,595	3,540	4,050	10	0	5
Russian	0	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	5	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	895	435	460	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	17,580	8,490	9,090	10	5	10
Frisian	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	5	10,660	5,055	5,600	0	0	0
German	5	5	5	10,230	4,840	5,390	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	10	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	10	0	5
Dutch	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	0	106,625	53,665	52,955	130	60	70
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	93,240	46,930	46,305	110	50	60
Assamese	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	6,565	3,380	3,180	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	8,495	4,290	4,205	10	0	5
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,080	475	605	5	0	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	5	5	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	49,105	24,690	24,420	45	20	20
Rohingya	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	10	5	10
Urdu	0	0	0	17,875	8,975	8,905	35	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	13,350	6,720	6,630	25	15	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10,100	5,080	5,020	25	15	10
Dari	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	15	15	5
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	45,970	22,265	23,700	55	30	25
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	5	5	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	15	5	5
Spanish	0	0	0	32,170	15,475	16,695	35	20	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800	20	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	10	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	68,720	31,925	36,790	105	40	60
Chinese languages	5	0	5	67,430	31,300	36,130	100	40	60
Hakka	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	31,950	14,765	17,190	60	25	35
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	32,755	15,315	17,435	35	15	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	865	390	470	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	460	220	245	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	3,550	1,640	1,910	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5	3,155	1,490	1,665	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	5	5	73,050	35,515	37,535	60	30	25
English and French	5	0	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	58,650	28,715	29,930	55	30	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,680	2,595	3,085	10	5	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	320	165	150	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,390	680	715
English	245	125	110	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	855	430	425
French	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390	0	0	0
Non-official language	20	5	15	127,600	60,835	66,760	110	50	65
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	5	15	127,540	60,810	66,730	110	50	65
English and French	5	5	0	14,755	6,925	7,835	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	50	30	25	306,635	148,985	157,650	390	185	205
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	12,395	5,820	6,575	5	0	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	320	165	150	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,390	680	715
Single responses	300	155	145	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	1,285	615	665
Official languages	260	140	120	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	1,015	500	515
English	260	140	120	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	1,005	500	515
French	0	0	0	7,230	3,560	3,665	5	5	0
Non-official languages	40	20	20	259,415	125,675	133,740	265	115	150
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	20	20	259,295	125,620	133,675	265	115	150
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	22,515	11,260	11,260	10	0	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	20,280	10,165	10,115	10	0	10
Amharic	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	12,825	6,490	6,335	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,940	4,535	5,405	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	9,395	4,280	5,110	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	35,275	16,595	18,675	45	20	30
Bikol	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	29,630	13,885	15,750	45	15	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	10	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	10	15	122,940	60,715	62,220	105	50	55
Albanian	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	10	14,005	6,710	7,295	5	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	5	10	13,790	6,605	7,190	5	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	15	5	10	3,015	1,450	1,560	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	715	335	375	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	980	470	515	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	5	79,180	39,590	39,590	65	30	35
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	70,335	35,225	35,110	55	25	35
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5,510	2,770	2,740	5	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	40,675	20,425	20,245	20	10	10
Rohingya	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,930	6,420	6,510	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	8,825	4,360	4,475	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	6,765	3,325	3,435	10	5	5
Dari	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	5	5	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	25,440	12,340	13,100	30	15	15
Catalan	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	19,825	9,605	10,215	25	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	20	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	315	345	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	47,945	22,570	25,375	55	20	35
Chinese languages	0	0	0	47,025	22,110	24,915	50	20	30
Hakka	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	23,970	11,440	12,530	40	15	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,815	10,130	11,685	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	5	10	75,555	36,865	38,685	110	60	45
English and French	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	69,995	34,230	35,770	100	60	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	320	170	150	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	1,390	680	715
None	275	140	135	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	1,050	520	530
English	15	5	5	104,745	51,660	53,085	125	55	75
French	5	5	0	11,450	5,290	6,160	10	5	5
Non-official language	20	15	5	127,610	60,685	66,920	150	75	75
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	15	5	126,970	60,410	66,565	150	75	75
English and French	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	16,885	8,395	8,490	25	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	14,095	6,810	7,285	20	10	10
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	310	150	160	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,345	675	670
Official languages	310	150	160	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	1,330	670	665
English	310	150	160	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	1,330	670	665
French	45	10	35	103,915	47,090	56,830	60	35	25
Non-official languages	120	50	70	562,910	270,945	291,960	665	345	315
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	120	50	70	561,340	270,320	291,010	665	345	315
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	54,595	28,250	26,345	60	35	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	40	30	10
Bilen	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	40	30	10
Somali	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	50,645	26,150	24,495	40	25	15
Amharic	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	20	10	10
Arabic	10	0	0	35,250	18,505	16,750	10	10	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	20,885	9,635	11,250	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,415	8,900	10,515	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	25	25	76,815	33,930	42,890	95	45	40
Bikol	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	40	25	15
Fijian	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	25	25	72,900	32,140	40,755	70	35	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	35	20	10
Kannada	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	35	20	10
Tamil	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	15	25	286,570	140,880	145,685	345	175	175
Albanian	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	37,905	17,730	20,175	20	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	37,610	17,610	20,005	20	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	20	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	0	10	27,795	13,485	14,310	20	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	15	0	10	18,325	8,925	9,400	0	0	0
German	15	0	10	17,910	8,715	9,200	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	15	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	143,590	72,720	70,870	195	100	95
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	128,685	65,260	63,425	190	100	90
Assamese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	45,340	22,980	22,370	70	40	35
Kacchi	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	10	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	68,525	34,920	33,610	60	25	35
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	31,710	16,195	15,515	75	45	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570	30	15	15
Baluchi	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	25	15	10
Dari	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	25	15	10
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	80,155	38,210	41,945	110	55	60
Catalan	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	10	10	0
Romanian	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	30	15	15
Spanish	0	0	0	60,770	28,640	32,125	80	40	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	10	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	82,875	39,220	43,660	130	65	60
Chinese languages	0	0	0	81,080	38,330	42,750	130	65	60
Hakka	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	46,460	21,635	24,825	70	40	35
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	42,910	20,105	22,800	75	30	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	305	150	155	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,340	675	665
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	53,700	25,250	28,450	20	0	20
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	51,520	24,220	27,300	20	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	22,470	10,235	12,230	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790	15	0	15
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	305	150	155	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	1,325	675	650
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	305	150	155	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,340	675	665
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	17,145	7,900	9,240	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	305	150	155	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	1,340	675	665
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	105	...	...	604,630	...	...	430	...	...
Owner	80	...	...	431,680	...	...	385	...	...
Renter	25	...	...	172,945	...	...	45	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	105	...	...	604,630	...	...	430	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	138,505	...	...	150	...	...
Not condominium	105	...	...	466,125	...	...	285	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	105	...	...	604,630	...	...	430	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	63,480	...	...	35	...	...
2 bedrooms	0	...	...	132,670	...	...	95	...	...
3 bedrooms	20	...	...	208,570	...	...	145	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	75	...	...	196,735	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	105	...	...	604,630	...	...	430	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10	...	...	168,320	...	...	90	...	...
5 rooms	10	...	...	92,700	...	...	110	...	...
6 rooms	15	...	...	85,005	...	...	45	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	74,790	...	...	50	...	...
8 or more rooms	60	...	...	183,815	...	...	130	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.8	...	...	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	105	...	...	604,630	...	...	430	...	...
One person or fewer per room	100	...	...	587,240	...	...	415	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	17,390	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	105	...	...	604,630	...	...	430	...	...
Suitable	100	...	...	576,220	...	...	410	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	28,410	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	105	...	...	604,630	...	...	430	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	48,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	45	...	...	146,775	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	55	...	...	67,920	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	93,515	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	63,060	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	64,550	...	...	210	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	205	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	105	...	...	604,630	...	...	430	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	105	...	...	578,295	...	...	430	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...	26,340	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	105	...	...	604,630	...	...	430	...	...
One-maintainer household	45	...	...	286,505	...	...	180	...	...
Two-maintainer household	50	...	...	282,890	...	...	210	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	35,230	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	105	...	...	604,630	...	...	430	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	15,275	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	10	...	...	95,360	...	...	55	...	...
35 to 44 years	40	...	...	132,875	...	...	150	...	...
45 to 54 years	20	...	...	121,200	...	...	110	...	...
55 to 64 years	25	...	...	114,325	...	...	70	...	...
65 to 74 years	0	...	...	78,705	...	...	35	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	34,680	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	105	...	...	599,605	...	...	435	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	90	...	...	466,085	...	...	355	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	20	...	...	133,520	...	...	80	...	...
30% to less than 100%	20	...	...	119,800	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	105	...	...	604,630	...	...	430	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	174,520	...	...	105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10	...	...	121,340	...	...	80	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	22,225	...	...	25	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	17,480	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	85	...	...	430,110	...	...	330	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	105	...	...	585,885	...	...	430	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	55,440	...	...	25	...	...
Not in core need	95	...	...	530,445	...	...	405	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	85	...	...	429,490	...	...	390	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	82.4	...	...	65.7	...	...	84.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	17.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	3.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,900	...	...	1,740	...	...	2,120	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,792	...	...	2,060	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	452,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	520,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	490,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	458,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20	...	...	172,840	...	...	45	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	34.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	20.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,350	...	...	1,660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,900	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	305	150	155	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	1,340	670	665
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	47,230	22,330	24,905	25	10	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	45,875	21,725	24,145	25	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	10	10	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	10	0	10
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	305	150	155	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	1,315	665	650
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	310	150	160	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,340	675	665
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	260	125	135	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	1,205	595	605
Canadian citizens aged under 18	50	25	20	325,765	167,940	157,820	385	185	200
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	210	100	115	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	820	410	410
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	45	25	20	174,615	83,940	90,680	135	75	60
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	310	150	160	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,340	675	665
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	195	100	95	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	755	365	390
Immigrants⁸¹	115	50	60	473,580	227,640	245,935	560	300	265
Before 1980	0	0	0	56,750	27,435	29,320	15	0	15
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	44,975	21,950	23,020	70	45	30
1991 to 2000	25	10	10	67,220	32,280	34,935	85	35	55
2001 to 2010	30	15	15	127,170	61,140	66,030	205	115	90
2011 to 2021⁸²	55	30	20	177,465	84,835	92,630	185	110	75
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	89,810	43,015	46,795	100	60	45
2016 to 2021	45	25	15	87,650	41,815	45,835	85	45	30
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	28,410	14,945	13,470	25	10	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	110	50	60	473,580	227,640	245,935	560	295	265
Under 5 years	10	10	0	41,205	20,985	20,220	75	45	30
5 to 14 years	15	0	15	79,795	41,370	38,425	120	80	40
15 to 24 years	35	15	15	82,830	37,905	44,930	85	30	50
25 to 44 years	50	30	20	223,080	105,885	117,190	275	145	130
45 years and over	0	0	0	46,670	21,495	25,170	10	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	110	50	60	473,580	227,640	245,935	560	295	265
Americas	0	0	0	50,280	23,315	26,970	60	30	25
Brazil	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	20	0	10
Peru	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	0	0	0
Europe	35	10	25	83,855	41,815	42,040	90	45	40
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	10	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	30	20	15
Russian Federation	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	27,675	14,575	13,095	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	10	10	0
Africa	30	15	15	55,355	27,975	27,385	55	30	25
Algeria	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	20	15	10
Morocco	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	18,410	9,205	9,210	20	10	10
Asia	45	20	25	279,930	132,545	147,390	355	195	165
Afghanistan	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	25	15	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	36,925	16,915	20,015	60	25	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	15	10	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0
Philippines	40	20	20	71,315	31,605	39,715	105	65	40
Viet Nam	0	0	0	16,350	7,325	9,030	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	61,580	30,730	30,850	75	35	40
Pakistan	0	0	0	19,425	9,810	9,615	25	10	15
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	22,735	10,640	12,090	30	20	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	40	25	15	87,650	41,815	45,830	80	50	35
Americas	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	20	15	10
France	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	10	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	40	20	15	55,100	25,850	29,250	50	30	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	30	20	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	14,870	7,455	7,420	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	30	20	15	17,470	7,940	9,535	15	10	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	305	150	160	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,340	675	665
First generation¹⁰⁰	120	60	65	518,345	251,010	267,335	615	320	290
Second generation¹⁰¹	55	20	35	329,675	166,505	163,165	330	175	155
Third generation or more¹⁰²	130	70	55	723,920	364,750	359,170	400	175	225
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	110	50	60	416,830	200,210	216,615	545	300	245
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	85	40	50	235,880	118,150	117,730	330	175	155
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	30	20	0	95,815	58,035	37,780	110	65	50
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	60	15	40	140,065	60,120	79,950	215	110	100
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	0	0	0	117,720	48,395	69,330	135	70	65
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	58,995	31,595	27,395	60	40	20
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	20	15	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	110	50	60	416,830	200,210	216,615	545	300	245
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	14,765	8,620	6,145	25	15	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	30	20	10	53,180	23,440	29,750	50	25	25
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	25	15	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	25	15	10
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	70	30	40	313,060	149,760	163,300	405	225	180
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	305	150	155	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,340	675	665
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	90	45	45	575,650	282,735	292,910	765	410	360
South Asian	0	0	0	154,385	78,430	75,955	240	120	120
Chinese	0	0	0	93,975	45,570	48,410	150	80	70
Black	0	0	0	76,470	38,665	37,800	85	40	40
Filipino	55	20	30	92,235	42,365	49,880	120	80	40
Arab	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	0	0	0
Latin American	0	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235	50	25	25
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	28,720	13,405	15,310	10	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	55	30	30
Korean	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	20,840	10,195	10,645	25	10	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	220	110	115	996,285	499,530	496,755	570	265	305
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	310	150	160	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,340	675	670
Canadian	20	20	0	168,075	87,325	80,750	95	65	30
English	95	45	50	276,300	136,835	139,465	130	50	80
Irish	75	40	35	202,260	98,040	104,225	95	35	60
Scottish	60	25	35	235,385	115,820	119,575	120	60	60
French, n.o.s.¹²²	60	25	35	104,160	50,935	53,225	65	15	50
German	35	15	20	197,770	97,860	99,910	115	60	55
Chinese	0	0	0	99,705	48,045	51,650	165	85	80
Italian	0	0	0	44,840	22,330	22,510	55	20	35
Indian (India)	0	0	0	77,900	39,545	38,355	145	70	70
Ukrainian	15	10	0	89,615	43,675	45,940	45	15	35
Dutch	15	10	10	53,665	26,510	27,155	55	25	30
Polish	20	0	15	53,675	25,885	27,790	15	10	0
Québécois	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	53,825	27,135	26,690	60	15	45
Filipino	55	25	35	86,850	40,140	46,710	125	80	45
French Canadian	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	10	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	30	20	20
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	10	10	0
Métis	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	15	0	15
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	28,815	14,565	14,250	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	36,090	16,840	19,255	25	0	15
Norwegian	15	0	10	44,865	21,320	23,545	80	25	55
Welsh	15	0	10	27,905	13,365	14,540	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	25	10	15
American	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	15	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	30	15	20
Hungarian	15	0	15	20,785	10,045	10,740	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	35	20	15
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	20,085	10,145	9,940	30	15	15
Vietnamese	0	0	0	22,750	10,685	12,065	15	10	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	30	20	10
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	60	30	30
Lebanese	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	13,225	6,465	6,765	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	20	0	15
Mennonite	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	20	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	15	0	15
Colombian	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	25	10	15
Armenian	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	25	15	10
Ghanaian	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	25	10	15
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	305	150	155	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,340	675	665
Buddhist	0	0	0	22,425	9,955	12,470	20	0	15
Christian	190	90	100	713,465	336,705	376,760	675	350	320
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	0	0	0	153,665	73,675	79,985	150	80	70
Anabaptist	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0
Anglican	25	15	10	35,625	16,415	19,210	40	15	25
Baptist	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	30	10	20
Catholic	115	55	65	312,410	149,290	163,120	295	160	135
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	35	15	20
Presbyterian	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	10	0	10	51,720	22,415	29,305	20	0	20
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	25	15	10	43,375	20,405	22,970	80	50	30
Hindu	0	0	0	35,335	18,180	17,155	65	25	40
Jewish	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	101,285	51,675	49,610	130	70	60
Sikh	0	0	0	56,230	28,325	27,905	40	20	20
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	10	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	105	55	55	623,560	328,795	294,765	405	195	210
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	305	150	155	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	1,335	670	665
Non-movers	275	135	140	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	1,175	580	590
Movers	25	10	20	209,550	104,275	105,275	155	85	75
Non-migrants	25	10	15	147,415	73,505	73,910	100	60	40
Migrants	0	0	0	62,135	30,765	31,365	60	25	30
Internal migrants	0	0	0	47,380	23,440	23,940	55	25	30
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	20	0	20
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	35	25	10
External migrants	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	295	145	150	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	1,245	620	625
Non-movers	135	60	75	863,155	429,060	434,095	875	425	445
Movers	160	85	75	619,175	307,300	311,880	375	190	180
Non-migrants	100	55	45	363,260	181,560	181,700	220	105	115
Migrants	55	30	30	255,920	125,740	130,180	160	90	65
Internal migrants	25	15	15	177,420	87,415	90,005	90	50	40
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	112,590	55,855	56,735	25	15	10
Interprovincial migrants	25	15	15	64,830	31,560	33,270	65	35	30
External migrants	30	10	15	78,500	38,320	40,180	70	40	25
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	255	125	125	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	1,005	515	490
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15	10	0	182,850	95,955	86,895	120	75	45
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	240	115	125	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	880	440	440
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	210	100	105	886,650	437,700	448,950	775	380	395
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10	10	0	79,025	43,715	35,310	55	30	25
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	200	95	105	807,620	393,985	413,640	720	350	365
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	250	125	125	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,000	515	490
No certificate, diploma or degree	10	10	0	163,710	84,360	79,350	115	65	50
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	55	25	30	339,400	169,445	169,950	250	150	100
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	185	90	95	775,265	377,350	397,915	640	295	345
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	25	45	348,595	174,345	174,250	255	145	110
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	0	10	84,805	63,760	21,050	45	35	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	29,285	16,610	12,680	30	25	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	15	10	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	50	20	30	221,065	92,585	128,480	185	100	85
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	42,725	18,000	24,720	30	10	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	120	65	60	426,670	203,005	223,660	380	150	230
Bachelor's degree	55	30	25	294,610	137,240	157,375	265	85	185
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	22,475	10,080	12,390	10	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	20	10	10
Master's degree	45	15	25	86,005	42,875	43,130	75	50	25
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	15	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	10	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	210	105	110	886,650	437,700	448,950	775	385	395
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	66,625	36,450	30,175	45	25	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	45	20	20	197,715	102,665	95,045	140	85	50
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	160	75	85	622,315	298,585	323,730	590	275	315
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	60	25	35	266,590	133,640	132,950	225	125	95
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	0	0	0	63,270	48,090	15,175	45	35	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	20,715	12,025	8,685	25	25	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	15	10	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	50	20	30	170,270	71,565	98,700	160	80	75
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	33,050	13,985	19,070	20	10	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	100	55	45	355,720	164,940	190,775	370	155	215
Bachelor's degree	55	30	25	244,340	111,530	132,810	245	80	170
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	10	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	20	10	15
Master's degree	30	15	20	74,335	35,965	38,370	75	50	25
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	10	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	10	10	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	255	125	130	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,000	515	485
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	70	35	30	503,110	253,805	249,305	365	215	145
Education	0	0	0	46,605	10,200	36,405	30	0	25
13. Education	0	0	0	46,605	10,200	36,405	30	0	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	23,385	9,460	13,925	15	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	20,825	7,530	13,295	0	0	0
Humanities	20	0	15	34,000	12,365	21,635	30	15	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	7,415	1,915	5,495	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	11,560	4,095	7,460	20	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	10	15	83,860	28,790	55,065	85	30	55
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	15,515	5,275	10,245	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	20	0	20
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	30,700	14,865	15,830	50	15	30
Business, management and public administration	35	10	25	177,710	75,825	101,885	210	85	125
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	35	10	25	168,935	74,160	94,770	205	85	120
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	15	0	39,940	20,670	19,265	30	15	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	10	36,465	23,975	12,485	30	15	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	10	30,070	21,020	9,055	30	15	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	30	10	173,505	149,155	24,355	105	90	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	20	10	66,620	53,075	13,545	25	20	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	35	30	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	28,060	27,225	835	20	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	22,210	21,530	675	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	11,885	11,515	375	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	15,905	7,900	8,005	20	10	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	20	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	0	0	0
Health and related fields	25	0	20	111,080	22,865	88,215	70	15	55
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	20	98,680	16,900	81,780	50	10	45
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	0	32,595	16,030	16,565	15	15	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	210	100	110	886,650	437,700	448,950	775	380	395
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45	20	25	264,340	139,115	125,220	185	105	75
Education	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	30	0	30
13. Education	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	30	0	30
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	10	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	0	0	0
Humanities	10	0	10	26,945	9,460	17,490	25	15	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,035	1,555	4,480	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	9,440	3,220	6,225	20	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20	10	15	69,810	23,220	46,590	85	30	55
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	15	0	15
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	25,655	12,155	13,505	45	15	25
Business, management and public administration	30	10	20	145,930	61,450	84,480	185	70	115
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	10	20	138,835	60,195	78,640	180	70	110
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	25	15	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	10	31,330	20,720	10,615	20	15	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	10	26,680	18,555	8,125	20	15	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	30	25	0	138,260	116,630	21,630	100	85	20
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	10	0	0
14. Engineering	20	15	0	55,310	43,055	12,260	30	20	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	30	25	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,755	21,035	720	20	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	16,875	16,295	580	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,785	8,485	305	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	20	10	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	20	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	0	20	88,715	18,735	69,980	70	15	50
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	20	78,745	14,010	64,730	50	10	40
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	20	15	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	210	100	110	886,650	437,700	448,950	775	380	395
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45	20	25	264,340	139,115	125,220	185	105	75
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	160	80	80	622,310	298,585	323,730	590	280	315
Location of study inside Canada	125	65	65	455,590	220,680	234,910	360	170	195
Same as province or territory of residence	65	25	40	328,175	157,540	170,630	270	135	135
Different than province or territory of residence	65	35	25	127,410	63,135	64,275	95	35	60
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	35	15	20	166,725	77,905	88,820	230	105	120
Americas	10	0	0	28,670	14,305	14,360	40	20	20
United States of America	10	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040	30	25	10
Mexico	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	10	0	10
Cuba	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0
Europe	15	0	15	29,575	15,435	14,145	50	30	20
Belgium	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	10	10	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	15	10	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0
Asia	10	0	0	91,990	39,695	52,295	125	50	75
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	20	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	805	315	495	10	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	30,585	12,115	18,470	40	20	25
Viet Nam	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	25,005	11,780	13,225	35	10	25
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	250	125	125	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,000	515	490
In the labour force	225	110	120	882,705	463,170	419,540	780	405	375
Employed	195	100	95	776,015	408,675	367,335	690	345	340
Unemployed	30	10	25	106,695	54,490	52,205	90	55	30
Not in the labour force	25	10	15	395,665	167,985	227,680	230	110	115
Participation rate	90.0	88.0	96.0	69.0	73.4	64.8	78.0	78.6	76.5
Employment rate	78.0	80.0	76.0	60.7	64.8	56.8	69.0	67.0	69.4
Unemployment rate	13.3	9.1	20.8	12.1	11.8	12.4	11.5	13.6	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	255	125	130	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	1,000	515	485
Did not work¹⁸⁶	60	30	25	422,665	183,645	239,020	250	130	125
Worked	190	90	100	855,710	447,510	408,200	750	390	365
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	105	60	45	450,195	257,535	192,655	435	240	200
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	85	30	60	405,520	189,970	215,550	320	145	170
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	44.8	39.2	40.7	41.5	39.8	41.2	41.9	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	230	115	115	882,710	463,165	419,540	775	405	370
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	29,010	14,020	14,995	30	20	15
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	220	115	105	853,695	449,150	404,550	745	390	360
Employee	195	100	95	715,140	365,090	350,050	670	345	325
Permanent position	170	95	80	600,125	311,480	288,645	580	295	285
Temporary position	25	0	20	115,020	53,615	61,405	90	55	40
Fixed term (1 year or more)	10	0	10	37,760	16,790	20,970	30	25	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15	0	10	77,260	36,820	40,435	60	30	30
Self-employed¹⁹²	25	15	10	138,550	84,060	54,500	80	45	35
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	230	115	115	882,710	463,165	419,540	775	405	370
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	29,010	14,020	14,995	30	20	15
All occupations¹⁹¹	220	115	105	853,695	449,150	404,550	745	390	360
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	10	10	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	25	0	25	161,170	53,245	107,930	170	60	115
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	30	30	0	94,565	72,340	22,225	75	60	15
3 Health occupations	40	10	35	69,305	13,810	55,490	70	10	60
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45	25	20	92,850	30,655	62,195	75	25	50
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	10	0	10
6 Sales and service occupations	45	25	25	209,115	94,840	114,280	155	60	90
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15	10	0	147,375	132,085	15,290	140	125	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	25,565	19,070	6,490	30	30	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	230	115	115	882,710	463,165	419,540	775	405	370
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	29,010	14,020	14,995	30	20	15
All industries¹⁹¹	220	115	105	853,695	449,150	404,550	745	390	360
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0	39,750	26,465	13,290	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	10	0	0
23 Construction	10	10	0	75,665	63,720	11,945	60	45	10
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	41,545	30,255	11,295	60	55	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	30	25	0
44-45 Retail trade	15	0	15	96,885	46,555	50,330	75	25	45
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	56,135	40,670	15,470	75	55	20
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	25	10	10
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	30,760	13,930	16,825	30	10	20
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25	20	0	96,185	55,190	40,995	70	25	45
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	10	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	37,790	21,285	16,510	20	0	15
61 Educational services	30	10	20	55,510	16,805	38,700	45	15	25
62 Health care and social assistance	60	20	40	107,190	20,475	86,720	120	30	90
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	10	0	10
72 Accommodation and food services	20	15	0	49,900	22,440	27,460	25	15	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	0	0	37,065	16,090	20,975	30	20	20
91 Public administration	10	0	0	31,305	16,235	15,075	45	25	15
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	225	115	110	926,320	483,455	442,860	810	415	395
English	215	115	100	878,705	460,305	418,400	745	375	370
French	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	10	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30,355	15,535	14,825	40	20	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	740	340	405	10	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	225	115	110	926,320	483,455	442,860	810	415	395
Single responses	215	115	105	919,325	479,835	439,490	795	400	395
Official languages	215	115	105	906,220	473,040	433,180	790	395	395
English	215	115	105	903,745	472,395	431,350	790	395	395
French	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	13,105	6,795	6,310	10	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	13,090	6,795	6,300	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	0	10	7,000	3,625	3,375	15	15	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5,765	3,065	2,695	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	225	115	110	926,320	483,455	442,860	810	415	395
None	215	115	105	893,045	467,350	425,695	760	390	370
English	0	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	10	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	17,585	8,825	8,760	40	20	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	17,465	8,780	8,690	40	20	20
English and French	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	195	105	95	776,010	408,680	367,335	690	350	345
Worked at home	45	25	20	215,520	105,290	110,230	220	95	130
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	10	10	0	113,260	83,885	29,375	70	65	10
Usual place of work	135	60	75	444,410	217,405	227,005	395	190	210
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	140	60	75	444,410	217,405	227,005	395	185	210
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	140	60	75	361,065	170,000	191,065	345	165	180
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	69,230	37,715	31,505	35	15	20
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	15	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	150	75	75	557,670	301,290	256,380	470	255	220
Car, truck or van	105	60	50	473,465	261,055	212,410	420	225	190
Car, truck or van - as a driver	100	60	40	441,645	249,990	191,655	405	225	175
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	10	31,820	11,060	20,755	15	0	15
Public transit	30	0	20	40,930	17,775	23,165	25	10	10
Walked	10	0	10	22,670	10,345	12,325	15	10	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	10	0	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	150	75	75	557,670	301,290	256,380	470	255	220
Less than 15 minutes	30	15	20	128,460	58,155	70,310	90	30	65
15 to 29 minutes	80	40	35	242,460	130,855	111,610	185	100	90
30 to 44 minutes	15	10	0	125,765	75,100	50,660	150	100	50
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	31,050	18,505	12,545	35	20	10
60 minutes and over	15	0	15	29,930	18,665	11,265	10	0	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	150	75	75	557,670	301,290	256,380	470	255	220
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	37,665	27,280	10,390	25	15	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	35	15	15	100,900	63,500	37,400	100	75	30
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	25	10	10	143,455	75,755	67,700	110	65	50
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	45	15	20	105,095	50,620	54,475	105	50	55
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	30	20	10	79,595	35,415	44,180	60	20	45
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20	10	15	90,950	48,715	42,230	60	25	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	65	35	30	356,225	183,250	172,980	425	215	210
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	25,335	12,890	12,445	10	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	30	25	330,890	170,360	160,535	410	210	200
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	55	30	25	259,535	133,590	125,945	325	165	160
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	10	5	18,890	9,625	9,270	10	0	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	9,575	4,670	4,910	5	0	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	5	5	9,315	4,955	4,360	5	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45	20	20	240,640	123,965	116,675	315	160	155

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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