Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48060086More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48062278More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48061663More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	446	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	855	...	...	1,264	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	189	...	...	638,160	...	...	278	...	...	444	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	178	...	...	604,628	...	...	266	...	...	441	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,791.2	...	...	126.1	...	...	3,160.8	...	...	1,949.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.25	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	0.27	...	...	0.65	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	445	225	220	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	855	420	440	1,265	605	655
0 to 14 years	65	35	30	294,075	151,285	142,785	180	80	100	170	100	75
0 to 4 years	20	5	15	89,790	46,155	43,630	55	25	30	45	25	15
5 to 9 years	30	15	15	100,905	51,680	49,225	55	30	30	55	35	25
10 to 14 years	25	10	10	103,380	53,450	49,930	70	25	45	75	45	30
15 to 64 years	305	160	150	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	600	300	300	875	420	460
15 to 19 years	15	15	10	92,025	47,355	44,675	75	35	40	130	60	70
20 to 24 years	25	20	5	91,515	47,260	44,260	40	20	20	110	55	55
25 to 29 years	30	15	20	101,235	50,320	50,915	55	25	25	50	30	20
30 to 34 years	40	25	15	123,235	60,255	62,980	40	20	15	40	15	20
35 to 39 years	45	20	25	132,045	64,950	67,095	60	30	35	70	35	35
40 to 44 years	25	15	15	121,735	60,110	61,625	65	30	30	75	35	35
45 to 49 years	30	15	10	111,345	55,485	55,860	70	35	40	95	40	55
50 to 54 years	35	10	20	103,325	51,835	51,490	80	35	45	135	60	75
55 to 59 years	35	15	15	101,580	50,260	51,320	70	40	35	105	60	45
60 to 64 years	30	15	15	96,735	47,710	49,020	35	25	15	70	30	40
65 years and over	75	35	40	221,795	103,495	118,300	80	40	40	215	90	130
65 to 69 years	25	10	10	78,095	38,250	39,845	35	20	20	55	25	25
70 to 74 years	10	10	5	58,785	28,310	30,475	20	15	5	45	20	25
75 to 79 years	10	5	10	36,570	17,235	19,340	5	5	0	50	15	30
80 to 84 years	20	5	5	23,750	10,405	13,350	15	5	5	40	15	25
85 years and over	5	5	5	24,595	9,300	15,290	5	0	0	20	5	15
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	15,285	6,230	9,050	5	0	0	20	5	15
90 to 94 years	5	5	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	0	0	0	0	5	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6	15.6	13.6	18.5	19.1	17.8	21.1	19.0	22.7	13.4	16.5	11.5
15 to 64 years	68.5	71.1	68.2	67.6	67.8	67.4	70.2	71.4	68.2	69.2	69.4	70.2
65 years and over	16.9	15.6	18.2	13.9	13.1	14.8	9.4	9.5	9.1	17.0	14.9	19.8
85 years and over	1.1	2.2	2.3	1.5	1.2	1.9	0.6	0.0	0.0	1.6	0.8	2.3
Average age of the population	41.4	39.2	43.6	38.9	38.3	39.6	36.5	37.1	36.0	41.8	39.9	43.6
Median age of the population	39.6	36.4	42.8	38.4	38.0	39.2	38.4	38.4	38.4	44.0	41.6	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	180	...	...	604,630	...	...	265	...	...	440	...	...
Single-detached house	165	...	...	351,925	...	...	265	...	...	330	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	39,065	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	57,180	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10	...	...	21,855	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	89,225	...	...	0	...	...	110	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	180	...	...	604,630	...	...	265	...	...	440	...	...
1 person	45	...	...	151,770	...	...	20	...	...	105	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	196,980	...	...	75	...	...	105	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	96,165	...	...	60	...	...	70	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	97,780	...	...	70	...	...	95	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	61,930	...	...	45	...	...	65	...	...
Number of persons in private households	445	225	225	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	855	420	440	1,265	605	660
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.2	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	380	190	185	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	680	340	340	1,090	505	585
Married or living common-law	210	100	105	773,480	387,015	386,465	460	230	235	620	310	305
Married	170	85	85	657,160	328,650	328,510	425	210	215	580	290	290
Living common-law	35	20	20	116,320	58,365	57,960	30	15	15	40	20	20
Living common law - Never married	30	15	15	87,265	43,935	43,330	25	10	10	30	15	10
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	0	23,185	11,490	11,690	10	5	5	5	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	175	90	85	523,090	252,020	271,065	220	110	110	475	195	275
Not married and not living common law - Never married	120	75	40	364,145	197,890	166,255	175	100	75	340	160	175
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	5	29,375	12,665	16,710	15	0	10	10	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	35	10	25	79,920	30,945	48,970	20	10	10	55	15	45
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	0	15	49,640	10,520	39,125	15	0	10	65	10	55
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	130	...	...	438,900	...	...	250	...	...	340	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	204,395	...	...	85	...	...	125	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	94,815	...	...	60	...	...	70	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	97,660	...	...	75	...	...	100	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	42,025	...	...	35	...	...	45	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	125	...	...	438,900	...	...	250	...	...	345	...	...
Total couple families	100	...	...	377,050	...	...	225	...	...	305	...	...
Married couples	85	...	...	318,890	...	...	210	...	...	285	...	...
With children⁶	50	...	...	190,345	...	...	150	...	...	190	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	128,545	...	...	55	...	...	100	...	...
Common-law couples	15	...	...	58,160	...	...	15	...	...	20	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	19,165	...	...	5	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	38,995	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	61,850	...	...	25	...	...	40	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	47,785	...	...	25	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	14,065	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	445	225	225	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	855	420	435	1,260	605	660
Total - Persons in census families	360	185	175	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	810	390	425	1,110	560	555
Married spouses or common-law partners	205	100	105	754,090	377,085	377,010	450	220	230	610	310	305
Parents in one-parent families	30	5	25	61,855	14,065	47,790	25	0	20	35	10	30
Children⁶	130	75	55	492,710	260,395	232,315	340	165	175	465	240	225
In a two-parent family	85	50	35	396,580	208,580	188,000	300	150	150	405	210	195
In a one-parent family	45	25	20	96,130	51,815	44,315	40	15	20	55	35	25
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	85	45	45	263,280	130,670	132,615	45	25	15	155	50	100
Living alone	40	20	20	151,765	71,605	80,165	20	15	10	100	35	70
Living with other relatives⁷	10	5	10	40,060	17,085	22,975	10	5	10	30	5	20
Living with non-relatives only	30	15	10	71,460	41,975	29,480	15	5	5	20	10	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	175	...	...	604,630	...	...	270	...	...	440	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	110	...	...	375,185	...	...	225	...	...	290	...	...
Couple-family households	90	...	...	328,515	...	...	205	...	...	270	...	...
With children⁶	45	...	...	182,665	...	...	140	...	...	175	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	145,845	...	...	60	...	...	90	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	46,670	...	...	20	...	...	30	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	20,165	...	...	10	...	...	20	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	4,730	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	22,485	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	30,295	...	...	5	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	40	...	...	151,765	...	...	20	...	...	100	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	380	190	190	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	675	335	335	1,090	505	585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	370	185	185	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	620	320	300	1,000	465	530
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	45,600	37,200	44,800	52,400	39,200	44,000	64,500	36,800	41,200	49,600	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	370	180	185	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	620	320	300	1,000	465	530
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,400	35,600	40,400	46,000	36,000	40,800	54,800	34,000	37,600	45,600	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	330	165	165	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	570	295	275	920	435	485
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,400	34,000	40,800	50,000	32,400	44,000	64,500	27,600	35,600	49,200	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	265	140	125	922,195	474,800	447,395	475	250	225	690	340	350
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	40,000	40,400	42,400	50,800	34,800	46,000	65,000	28,800	43,200	54,800	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	330	160	170	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	525	265	260	870	400	470
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,900	8,600	9,200	7,600	5,600	9,100	4,960	3,320	5,680	7,100	4,840	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45	20	25	136,975	64,415	72,555	60	25	30	75	30	45
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,040	6,000	5,800	5,760	5,880	6,280	6,160	6,280	6,000	6,040	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	120	65	50	384,535	184,820	199,710	195	90	105	310	145	165
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	9,000	8,500	9,000	9,800	7,500	10,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	380	190	195	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	685	355	330	1,170	555	620
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	375	180	195	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	620	325	295	1,065	505	560
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,800	71,000	54,800	65,500	78,400	52,850	68,000	90,800	42,800	60,900	76,800	46,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	375	180	195	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	620	325	295	1,065	505	560
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,000	55,200	47,200	53,050	61,750	44,560	54,800	71,200	36,800	50,500	62,400	39,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	335	170	165	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	560	305	255	960	475	490
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,200	67,000	53,200	62,300	76,300	48,160	67,600	91,000	40,400	58,900	74,000	44,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	280	145	135	922,200	475,075	447,125	480	270	210	735	395	350
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,800	58,000	56,000	60,800	73,200	47,640	66,000	86,000	40,000	66,200	77,200	53,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	325	155	175	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	515	265	250	935	440	495
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,960	11,400	10,500	10,020	8,930	11,050	8,080	6,800	9,500	8,740	8,080	9,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40	35	0	136,685	64,550	72,135	50	30	25	65	40	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	7,600	...	7,070	6,620	7,480	6,200	4,800	7,600	5,400	6,000	4,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	125	75	45	383,100	184,610	198,485	215	100	110	345	145	200
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	10,800	10,400	9,270	9,160	9,380	9,400	9,400	9,400	9,640	10,000	9,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	385	185	195	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	685	350	330	1,170	550	615
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	120	45	70	432,255	245,295	186,965	205	140	70	390	220	170
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	75,500	74,000	78,000	73,000	80,000	65,000	98,000	103,000	60,000	88,000	108,000	73,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,000	78,000	80,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	112,000	128,000	78,000	99,200	112,000	83,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	135	85	50	374,345	173,060	201,290	185	90	95	275	130	145
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	23,400	27,000	20,400	23,400	18,400	22,800	28,800	20,000	17,800	20,800	15,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	45,000	52,000	33,000	33,960	40,480	28,360	38,000	49,000	27,200	33,200	39,500	26,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.0	86.0	82.0	86.6	90.2	81.4	90.0	94.0	82.0	87.6	91.0	82.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.0	66.0	72.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	76.0	80.0	67.0	75.6	78.5	71.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.2	13.6	17.2	13.4	9.8	18.5	9.9	6.1	18.8	12.6	9.2	17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	2.0	x	1.2	0.9	1.7	0.7	0.5	1.4	0.5	0.6	0.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	6.6	5.6	5.0	3.9	6.5	5.1	3.4	9.2	5.6	4.0	7.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.6	6.4	4.8	4.5	3.6	5.7	4.8	3.2	8.4	5.1	3.7	7.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	380	190	185	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	680	340	340	1,090	505	585
Without total income	10	5	5	63,430	30,900	32,525	60	20	35	90	35	50
With total income	365	180	185	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	615	315	300	1,000	470	535
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	15	10	107,500	44,415	63,085	90	45	45	120	50	70
$10,000 to $19,999	30	15	20	115,465	47,780	67,690	60	25	35	120	50	70
$20,000 to $29,999	65	25	40	178,230	78,800	99,430	75	40	35	155	60	90
$30,000 to $39,999	50	25	30	142,910	61,170	81,740	70	15	55	100	40	60
$40,000 to $49,999	40	20	15	122,655	55,960	66,690	40	15	25	80	30	50
$50,000 to $59,999	35	20	15	101,530	48,280	53,245	35	15	20	70	25	45
$60,000 to $69,999	20	15	10	85,080	42,725	42,355	35	15	20	55	25	30
$70,000 to $79,999	25	5	15	68,705	36,885	31,825	25	15	10	45	25	20
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	53,900	30,515	23,385	25	15	10	45	20	25
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	5	45,345	25,570	19,775	30	20	10	35	20	15
$100,000 and over	45	25	20	193,625	128,165	65,460	135	100	35	180	110	65
$100,000 to $149,999	30	15	10	113,250	69,295	43,955	75	50	20	110	60	45
$150,000 and over	15	5	5	80,375	58,870	21,505	55	50	10	75	55	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	380	190	185	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	680	340	340	1,090	505	585
Without after-tax income	10	10	5	62,710	30,505	32,210	60	20	35	90	35	50
With after-tax income	365	185	185	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	615	315	300	1,000	470	535
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	20	15	112,205	46,185	66,020	90	40	45	120	55	70
$10,000 to $19,999	35	15	20	120,545	50,115	70,430	65	30	35	125	50	70
$20,000 to $29,999	75	30	45	201,940	89,680	112,255	85	40	45	170	65	105
$30,000 to $39,999	55	30	30	166,565	73,405	93,160	60	10	55	115	50	65
$40,000 to $49,999	50	25	20	143,135	67,430	75,705	55	25	30	95	40	60
$50,000 to $59,999	25	15	15	114,565	57,190	57,380	50	25	20	85	40	40
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	87,375	47,045	40,330	30	20	15	55	25	30
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	65,115	36,810	28,305	35	20	15	50	25	25
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	5	51,690	28,935	22,760	30	20	10	45	25	20
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	35,160	21,215	13,945	25	15	5	35	20	15
$100,000 and over	25	15	15	117,360	82,665	34,700	85	65	20	110	75	35
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	5	48,950	32,240	16,710	40	30	10	55	35	25
$125,000 and over	15	10	10	68,410	50,430	17,985	50	40	5	60	45	15
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	380	190	185	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	680	340	340	1,090	505	585
Without employment income	110	50	60	356,175	156,380	199,795	205	90	115	400	165	240
With employment income	270	145	125	922,200	474,800	447,395	470	250	225	685	340	345
Under $5,000 (including loss)	30	15	15	116,020	54,130	61,895	60	30	25	100	45	50
$5,000 to $9,999	10	5	5	73,350	31,190	42,165	50	15	30	55	25	30
$10,000 to $19,999	25	15	10	101,970	44,705	57,260	45	20	25	85	35	50
$20,000 to $29,999	35	20	20	78,390	35,640	42,745	35	10	25	50	15	40
$30,000 to $39,999	25	10	10	73,695	34,455	39,235	25	10	15	40	25	15
$40,000 to $49,999	25	10	10	71,335	34,515	36,815	35	20	15	35	20	20
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	10	67,050	32,805	34,245	35	10	25	40	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	20	5	10	60,120	30,900	29,220	20	10	10	40	20	20
$70,000 to $79,999	20	5	15	49,420	27,665	21,750	15	10	5	25	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	5	5	0	40,555	23,400	17,160	25	15	10	30	15	15
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	5	37,010	20,630	16,375	20	10	10	25	10	10
$100,000 and over	30	20	10	153,280	104,755	48,525	105	90	20	155	100	55
$100,000 to $124,999	10	10	0	61,175	36,970	24,210	40	30	10	65	40	25
$125,000 and over	20	10	5	92,100	67,780	24,320	70	60	10	90	65	25
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	380	190	190	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	675	335	335	1,090	505	585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	360	175	185	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	600	305	290	985	460	530
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	43,200	40,000	44,400	53,200	37,600	45,600	61,600	36,000	40,800	52,400	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	360	175	185	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	600	305	290	985	460	530
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	40,400	36,000	40,000	46,400	34,400	40,800	53,600	34,000	36,400	46,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	340	170	170	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	550	290	260	920	435	480
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	42,000	37,200	43,600	52,800	35,600	47,200	67,000	36,400	37,200	49,200	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	280	150	130	923,490	475,205	448,285	465	245	215	710	350	355
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	40,800	41,200	44,800	53,600	37,600	49,200	67,500	37,200	45,600	55,200	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	315	155	160	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	490	255	235	800	355	445
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,590	1,020	3,800	1,190	960	3,040	960	890	1,820	1,320	990	2,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	25	10	15	85,480	38,765	46,720	35	10	25	50	20	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150	x	x	6,450	5,680	7,200	7,250	x	9,000	7,050	5,040	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	380	190	195	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	685	355	330	1,170	555	620
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	380	180	195	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	600	320	280	1,060	510	555
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,800	67,500	50,400	65,500	80,000	51,400	68,400	88,000	46,000	59,600	73,600	46,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	380	180	195	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	600	320	280	1,060	510	555
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	52,400	43,200	52,650	62,600	43,000	54,800	68,000	39,600	48,800	59,200	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	355	180	175	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	560	305	255	1,000	490	515
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,200	64,500	49,200	65,600	80,800	50,200	70,400	90,000	46,400	58,400	73,200	44,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	300	155	145	923,490	475,385	448,110	500	280	220	795	405	390
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,800	68,000	53,000	64,100	77,600	49,760	68,000	88,000	42,400	62,100	76,000	47,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	325	140	180	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	475	255	220	870	400	470
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,260	3,650	6,550	6,130	5,076	7,130	3,600	2,440	4,960	5,530	4,640	6,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	0	0	0	84,820	38,275	46,545	25	0	0	45	15	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	...	...	...	8,200	7,120	9,080	9,000	...	...	12,400	7,000	15,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	385	185	195	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	685	350	330	1,170	550	615
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	120	50	70	428,265	243,165	185,105	200	135	70	390	220	170
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	74,500	64,500	70,500	78,500	62,000	96,000	106,000	60,400	86,000	96,000	69,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,000	74,000	78,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	112,000	132,000	72,000	95,200	107,000	80,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	145	90	55	353,070	163,500	189,570	190	90	100	295	140	160
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,000	41,600	16,800	28,800	33,200	25,600	28,600	59,200	26,800	19,400	26,800	13,500
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	58,000	74,000	31,000	43,720	53,050	35,720	48,400	69,000	30,400	34,800	45,000	26,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	96.0	88.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	96.0	98.0	92.0	92.4	95.0	89.0
Employment income (%)	82.0	88.0	78.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	83.0	88.0	72.0	78.0	82.0	72.0
Government transfers (%)	7.7	4.2	12.0	7.9	5.3	11.9	4.2	2.2	8.4	7.6	5.0	11.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	x	0.9	0.6	1.4	0.5	x	x	0.9	0.3	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	180	...	...	604,630	...	...	265	...	...	440	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	133,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	40	...	...	151,765	...	...	20	...	...	100	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	50,400	...	...	88,000	...	...	52,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	44,000	...	...	71,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	135	...	...	452,860	...	...	245	...	...	335	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	138,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	185	...	...	604,630	...	...	260	...	...	460	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	131,600	...	...	164,000	...	...	141,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	106,600	...	...	132,000	...	...	117,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	151,830	...	...	15	...	...	105	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	67,800	...	...	70,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	55,250	...	...	60,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	135	...	...	452,795	...	...	240	...	...	355	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	154,000	...	...	152,800	...	...	172,000	...	...	157,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	138,000	...	...	130,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	180	...	...	604,630	...	...	265	...	...	440	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	6,730	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,245	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,475	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,245	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	16,055	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	16,860	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	14,380	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	16,415	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	17,790	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	17,750	...	...	0	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	36,405	...	...	5	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5	...	...	37,740	...	...	15	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	37,230	...	...	15	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	35,705	...	...	20	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	34,355	...	...	15	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	85	...	...	303,255	...	...	175	...	...	255	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	74,975	...	...	35	...	...	45	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	58,215	...	...	30	...	...	40	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	76,310	...	...	40	...	...	80	...	...
$200,000 and over	20	...	...	93,755	...	...	70	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	180	...	...	604,630	...	...	265	...	...	440	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	7,625	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,380	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,615	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,745	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	17,335	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	19,015	...	...	0	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	16,770	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	19,345	...	...	5	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	21,320	...	...	10	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	21,155	...	...	0	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	44,695	...	...	10	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	45,520	...	...	15	...	...	35	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	44,095	...	...	20	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	42,705	...	...	20	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	38,715	...	...	15	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	70	...	...	251,600	...	...	155	...	...	230	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	78,970	...	...	40	...	...	60	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	56,565	...	...	25	...	...	50	...	...
$150,000 and over	30	...	...	116,060	...	...	85	...	...	125	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	125	...	...	431,155	...	...	245	...	...	330	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	138,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	151,045	...	...	65	...	...	95	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	127,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	209,715	...	...	155	...	...	205	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	157,000	...	...	166,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	129,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	56,700	...	...	25	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	68,500	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...	63,600	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	70	35	35	223,225	113,580	109,645	30	20	10	120	45	80
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	40,800	42,000	44,400	46,000	43,200	64,000	65,000	x	48,400	59,600	46,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	35,600	36,800	40,000	40,800	38,800	44,800	44,800	x	44,400	49,600	42,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	135	...	...	431,010	...	...	240	...	...	350	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	170,000	...	...	157,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	138,000	...	...	130,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	151,205	...	...	55	...	...	85	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	195,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	152,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	55	...	...	209,670	...	...	150	...	...	235	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	200,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	176,000	...	...	174,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	144,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	56,445	...	...	25	...	...	20	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	90,200	...	...	44,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	40,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	60	35	30	223,320	113,715	109,605	25	20	0	105	35	70
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,000	52,000	52,000	60,050	61,950	58,050	56,000	70,000	x	90,000	140,000	64,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	44,000	44,000	49,640	50,640	48,560	44,000	50,000	x	72,000	110,000	54,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	450	225	220	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	855	420	440	1,265	605	655
0 to 17 years	80	40	35	349,785	179,925	169,860	230	105	130	250	135	120
0 to 5 years	25	10	15	109,785	56,290	53,495	70	35	35	50	30	20
18 to 64 years	295	150	145	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	545	275	270	800	390	410
65 years and over	75	35	40	209,135	99,390	109,740	80	40	40	215	85	130
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	40	20	15	134,160	64,550	69,610	70	35	35	75	30	45
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	35,370	18,260	17,110	25	15	15	15	5	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	11,490	5,880	5,610	5	0	5	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	20	10	10	78,110	37,880	40,225	35	15	20	45	20	25
65 years and over	5	0	5	20,680	8,400	12,270	5	5	0	15	10	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.5	8.0	9.0	8.5	8.3	8.8	8.0	8.0	8.0	6.2	5.2	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	10.0	16.0	10.1	10.2	10.1	13.0	14.0	12.0	6.0	5.0	9.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5	8.0	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	8.0	7.0	7.7	7.5	7.9	6.4	7.0	6.0	5.6	4.5	6.4
65 years and over (%)	6.0	x	x	9.9	8.5	11.2	6.0	x	x	8.0	10.0	8.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	445	225	225	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	855	415	435	1,260	605	660
0 to 17 years	80	45	40	349,790	179,930	169,855	230	105	125	250	130	115
0 to 5 years	25	10	10	109,785	56,290	53,500	65	30	35	50	30	25
18 to 64 years	295	150	145	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	545	270	275	800	385	415
65 years and over	70	30	40	209,130	99,390	109,740	80	40	35	210	85	125
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	25	15	10	81,680	42,310	39,370	75	35	40	40	15	25
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	18,085	9,305	8,780	30	10	20	5	0	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	5,625	2,890	2,730	10	0	5	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	20	10	5	57,155	29,990	27,170	35	20	20	30	10	15
65 years and over	0	5	0	6,440	3,015	3,420	0	0	0	5	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.6	7.0	4.5	5.2	5.4	5.0	8.4	8.0	9.0	3.0	2.4	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	5.2	5.2	5.2	14.0	14.0	14.0	2.5	x	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	10.0	x	16.0	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	8.0	6.0	5.6	6.0	5.3	6.8	7.0	7.0	3.4	3.2	4.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1	x	x	x	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	445	225	220	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	855	420	440	1,265	605	655
In bottom half of the distribution	210	105	110	673,690	328,825	344,865	300	140	160	425	185	240
In bottom decile	40	20	20	124,250	62,485	61,770	75	35	40	60	25	35
In second decile	45	20	20	132,700	62,320	70,380	50	25	25	80	35	45
In third decile	45	20	25	133,855	64,900	68,960	55	25	25	75	35	45
In fourth decile	45	15	30	138,980	68,120	70,855	70	25	40	110	50	65
In fifth decile	40	20	20	143,905	71,000	72,900	55	30	25	100	45	55
In top half of the distribution	235	125	110	898,245	453,385	444,865	550	275	280	840	420	415
In sixth decile	45	25	15	150,845	75,135	75,710	70	35	35	120	50	70
In seventh decile	35	15	20	155,985	78,075	77,910	95	45	45	95	55	40
In eighth decile	55	30	30	164,975	82,995	81,980	60	30	30	185	95	95
In ninth decile	45	20	20	181,315	91,520	89,795	115	55	55	210	110	100
In top decile	55	30	25	245,130	125,660	119,470	215	110	105	225	110	115
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	445	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	855	...	...	1,260	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.334	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.348	...	...	0.319	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.452	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.416	...	...	0.401	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.293	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.318	...	...	0.277	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.4	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	445	225	225	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	855	415	435	1,260	605	660
English only	405	210	200	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	790	380	410	1,170	560	610
French only	0	0	0	980	425	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	35	15	20	103,090	47,140	55,945	50	30	25	65	30	35
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	34,235	13,810	20,420	20	10	5	25	10	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	445	225	225	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	855	415	435	1,260	605	660
English	430	220	215	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	830	400	425	1,220	585	635
French	0	0	0	20,675	10,250	10,425	5	5	0	15	10	5
English and French	0	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	5	5	0	10	5	5
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	33,340	13,355	19,985	20	10	5	25	10	15
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	445	225	225	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	855	415	435	1,260	605	660
Single responses	440	225	220	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	800	395	405	1,210	580	625
Official languages	350	185	165	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	455	220	235	775	385	390
English	350	185	165	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	450	215	235	760	380	385
French	0	0	0	20,090	9,970	10,115	5	5	0	10	10	5
Non-official languages	90	40	50	415,050	198,790	216,260	340	175	170	435	200	240
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	645	270	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	40	50	414,405	198,525	215,885	340	175	170	435	200	240
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	35,495	18,255	17,240	30	15	15	25	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	5	5	32,085	16,545	15,535	30	15	15	25	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	5	5	0	0	0	0
Arabic	15	5	5	21,355	11,215	10,145	20	10	10	25	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	14,785	6,645	8,140	0	0	0	5	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	13,810	6,185	7,625	0	0	0	5	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	5	55,755	24,650	31,110	15	10	5	60	25	35
Bikol	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	970	415	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0	10	0	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5	45,300	20,005	25,290	10	5	0	45	20	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	10	5	5	5	0	5
Kannada	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	0	0	0	5	0	5
Telugu	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	10	10	203,750	100,055	103,695	150	75	75	155	65	85
Albanian	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	30,225	13,960	16,270	20	10	15	30	15	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	29,740	13,735	16,005	20	10	15	25	10	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	7,595	3,540	4,050	0	0	0	15	5	5
Russian	0	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	15	5	5	5	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	10	5	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	895	435	460	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	17,580	8,490	9,090	5	0	5	20	5	10
Frisian	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	0	0	0	10	5	10
German	0	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	0	0	0	10	5	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5	1,520	710	805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	106,625	53,665	52,955	90	45	40	55	25	30
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	93,240	46,930	46,305	70	35	30	35	15	20
Assamese	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	5	5	5	10	5	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	6,565	3,380	3,180	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	8,495	4,290	4,205	10	5	5	5	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	995	500	495	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	49,105	24,690	24,420	5	0	0	15	5	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	5	5	0	5	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	17,875	8,975	8,905	30	15	15	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	13,350	6,720	6,630	15	10	10	25	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10,100	5,080	5,020	15	5	10	25	10	10
Dari	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	5	5	5	25	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	5	5	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	45,970	22,265	23,700	35	15	20	50	20	30
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	5	5	5	10	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	32,170	15,475	16,695	30	15	15	35	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	5	0	5	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800	15	10	5	55	25	25
Mongolian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	5	5	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	20	68,720	31,925	36,790	105	50	55	125	60	65
Chinese languages	35	20	20	67,430	31,300	36,130	100	50	50	125	60	65
Hakka	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	0	31,950	14,765	17,190	65	35	30	60	25	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	20	32,755	15,315	17,435	35	10	20	55	25	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	460	220	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	5	0	5	73,050	35,515	37,535	55	25	35	50	25	30
English and French	5	0	5	6,360	3,080	3,285	0	0	0	5	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	58,650	28,715	29,930	55	25	30	45	15	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,680	2,595	3,085	5	0	0	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	445	225	225	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	855	415	435	1,260	605	660
English	360	185	170	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	470	230	240	795	385	410
French	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-official language	25	10	15	127,600	60,835	66,760	85	45	45	140	60	80
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15	127,540	60,810	66,730	85	45	45	140	60	80
English and French	0	0	0	14,755	6,925	7,835	5	5	0	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	306,635	148,985	157,650	285	135	150	305	145	160
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105	5	0	5	10	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	12,395	5,820	6,575	0	0	0	10	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	445	225	225	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	855	415	435	1,260	605	660
Single responses	445	225	215	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	800	385	410	1,165	560	610
Official languages	380	195	185	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	600	285	315	905	435	470
English	380	195	185	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	600	285	315	905	435	465
French	0	0	0	7,230	3,560	3,665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-official languages	60	30	30	259,415	125,675	133,740	195	100	95	265	120	140
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	30	30	259,295	125,620	133,675	195	100	95	265	120	140
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	22,515	11,260	11,260	10	5	5	15	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	20,280	10,165	10,115	10	5	5	15	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5	12,825	6,490	6,335	15	5	10	15	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,940	4,535	5,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	9,395	4,280	5,110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	35,275	16,595	18,675	5	0	0	35	15	15
Bikol	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	29,630	13,885	15,750	0	0	0	25	10	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	785	390	395	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	5	10	122,940	60,715	62,220	85	40	45	80	35	40
Albanian	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	14,005	6,710	7,295	10	5	5	15	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	13,790	6,605	7,190	10	5	5	15	5	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560	0	0	0	15	10	10
Russian	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	5	5	5	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	715	335	375	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	980	470	515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	79,180	39,590	39,590	50	25	30	30	15	20
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	70,335	35,225	35,110	35	20	20	15	5	10
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5,510	2,770	2,740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	580	245	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	40,675	20,425	20,245	0	0	0	10	0	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0	5	0	5
Urdu	0	0	0	12,930	6,420	6,510	20	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	8,825	4,360	4,475	15	10	10	15	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	6,765	3,325	3,435	15	10	10	15	5	5
Dari	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	5	5	5	15	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	910	460	455	5	5	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	25,440	12,340	13,100	20	10	15	30	15	15
Catalan	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	19,825	9,605	10,215	20	10	10	25	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	10	5	5	40	20	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	47,945	22,570	25,375	60	35	30	95	40	50
Chinese languages	25	10	10	47,025	22,110	24,915	55	35	30	95	40	50
Hakka	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	0	23,970	11,440	12,530	35	25	15	40	15	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5	21,815	10,130	11,685	20	5	10	45	25	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	5	0	5	75,555	36,865	38,685	55	30	25	95	45	55
English and French	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	69,995	34,230	35,770	60	30	25	95	45	50
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	445	225	225	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	855	420	440	1,265	605	660
None	385	200	185	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	610	300	310	1,015	485	535
English	25	15	10	104,745	51,660	53,085	95	45	45	105	55	55
French	0	0	0	11,450	5,290	6,160	5	5	0	5	5	0
Non-official language	35	10	25	127,610	60,685	66,920	100	45	55	115	55	60
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	35	10	25	126,970	60,410	66,565	100	45	55	115	55	60
English and French	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	16,885	8,395	8,490	15	5	5	5	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	0	0	0	0	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	14,095	6,810	7,285	30	10	20	5	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	465	220	245	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	845	445	400	1,330	640	695
Official languages	440	210	230	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	835	445	395	1,300	625	675
English	440	210	230	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	835	445	395	1,300	625	675
French	45	30	15	103,915	47,090	56,830	75	50	20	55	35	20
Non-official languages	140	50	90	562,910	270,945	291,960	420	230	190	640	285	355
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	140	50	90	561,340	270,320	291,010	420	230	190	640	285	355
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	54,595	28,250	26,345	35	20	20	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	50,645	26,150	24,495	35	20	20	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	35,250	18,505	16,750	25	15	10	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	20,885	9,635	11,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,415	8,900	10,515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	76,815	33,930	42,890	0	0	0	75	30	40
Bikol	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	72,900	32,140	40,755	0	0	0	75	30	40
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	15	25	286,570	140,880	145,685	205	105	95	275	120	155
Albanian	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	37,905	17,730	20,175	60	30	25	120	55	65
Baltic languages	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	37,610	17,610	20,005	60	30	25	120	55	65
Belarusian	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950	0	0	0	65	30	30
Russian	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	35	15	25	40	20	20
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	25	15	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	0	0	0	35	25	15
Frisian	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	0	0	0	25	15	10
German	0	0	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	0	0	0	25	15	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0	10	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	143,590	72,720	70,870	110	60	50	75	25	55
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	128,685	65,260	63,425	70	45	25	70	20	50
Assamese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	45,340	22,980	22,370	40	30	15	20	0	20
Kacchi	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	68,525	34,920	33,610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0	15	0	15
Urdu	0	0	0	31,710	16,195	15,515	30	20	15	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570	40	15	25	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	40	15	25	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	25	15	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	80,155	38,210	41,945	45	20	25	65	35	30
Catalan	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	60,770	28,640	32,125	40	20	20	55	35	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	20	10	10	55	15	40
Mongolian	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	30	20	20	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	25	40	82,875	39,220	43,660	120	65	50	210	105	105
Chinese languages	65	25	40	81,080	38,330	42,750	105	55	40	195	95	95
Hakka	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	15	30	46,460	21,635	24,825	80	45	25	70	30	45
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	25	35	42,910	20,105	22,800	35	15	20	115	60	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	25	15	10	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0	15	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	465	215	245	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	845	445	400	1,335	640	695
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	25	10	10	53,700	25,250	28,450	30	0	30	65	10	55
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	25	10	10	51,520	24,220	27,300	30	0	30	65	10	55
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	22,470	10,235	12,230	0	0	0	15	10	10
Métis	20	10	10	28,475	13,685	14,790	30	0	30	45	0	45
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	440	205	235	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	820	440	375	1,265	625	640
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	465	215	245	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	845	445	400	1,335	640	695
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	17,145	7,900	9,240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	465	215	245	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	845	445	400	1,310	640	670
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	185	...	...	604,630	...	...	260	...	...	460	...	...
Owner	140	...	...	431,680	...	...	220	...	...	400	...	...
Renter	45	...	...	172,945	...	...	35	...	...	55	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	185	...	...	604,630	...	...	260	...	...	460	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	138,505	...	...	0	...	...	110	...	...
Not condominium	185	...	...	466,125	...	...	260	...	...	345	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	185	...	...	604,630	...	...	260	...	...	460	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	15	...	...	63,480	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	30	...	...	132,670	...	...	20	...	...	110	...	...
3 bedrooms	50	...	...	208,570	...	...	105	...	...	150	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	95	...	...	196,735	...	...	125	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	185	...	...	604,630	...	...	260	...	...	460	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15	...	...	168,320	...	...	40	...	...	85	...	...
5 rooms	25	...	...	92,700	...	...	40	...	...	75	...	...
6 rooms	30	...	...	85,005	...	...	40	...	...	85	...	...
7 rooms	35	...	...	74,790	...	...	15	...	...	50	...	...
8 or more rooms	80	...	...	183,815	...	...	125	...	...	170	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.2	...	...	6.3	...	...	7.4	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	185	...	...	604,630	...	...	260	...	...	460	...	...
One person or fewer per room	185	...	...	587,240	...	...	245	...	...	460	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	17,390	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	185	...	...	604,630	...	...	260	...	...	460	...	...
Suitable	170	...	...	576,220	...	...	245	...	...	440	...	...
Not suitable	15	...	...	28,410	...	...	10	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	185	...	...	604,630	...	...	260	...	...	460	...	...
1960 or before	155	...	...	48,925	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	20	...	...	146,775	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	67,920	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	93,515	...	...	10	...	...	295	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	63,060	...	...	135	...	...	125	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	64,550	...	...	110	...	...	10	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	0	...	...	15	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	185	...	...	604,630	...	...	260	...	...	460	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	180	...	...	578,295	...	...	260	...	...	445	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...	26,340	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	185	...	...	604,630	...	...	260	...	...	460	...	...
One-maintainer household	100	...	...	286,505	...	...	90	...	...	185	...	...
Two-maintainer household	70	...	...	282,890	...	...	145	...	...	250	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	35,230	...	...	25	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	185	...	...	604,630	...	...	260	...	...	460	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	15,275	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	25	...	...	95,360	...	...	40	...	...	15	...	...
35 to 44 years	50	...	...	132,875	...	...	45	...	...	65	...	...
45 to 54 years	30	...	...	121,200	...	...	85	...	...	150	...	...
55 to 64 years	30	...	...	114,325	...	...	50	...	...	125	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	78,705	...	...	25	...	...	50	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	34,680	...	...	0	...	...	55	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	0	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	190	...	...	599,605	...	...	255	...	...	450	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	150	...	...	466,085	...	...	205	...	...	380	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	35	...	...	133,520	...	...	55	...	...	75	...	...
30% to less than 100%	35	...	...	119,800	...	...	45	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	185	...	...	604,630	...	...	255	...	...	455	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	174,520	...	...	65	...	...	100	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	35	...	...	121,340	...	...	50	...	...	75	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	22,225	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	17,480	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	130	...	...	430,110	...	...	190	...	...	355	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	185	...	...	585,885	...	...	245	...	...	440	...	...
In core need	30	...	...	55,440	...	...	15	...	...	30	...	...
Not in core need	155	...	...	530,445	...	...	225	...	...	415	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	140	...	...	429,490	...	...	215	...	...	405	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.6	...	...	65.7	...	...	72.1	...	...	59.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.9	...	...	17.4	...	...	16.3	...	...	15.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.3	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,410	...	...	1,740	...	...	2,000	...	...	1,640	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,560	...	...	1,792	...	...	2,120	...	...	1,740	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	640,000	...	...	480,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	490,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	650,000	...	...	494,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	50	...	...	172,840	...	...	40	...	...	60	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.5	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.0	...	...	34.5	...	...	50.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	20.2	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,350	...	...	2,000	...	...	2,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,700	...	...	1,900	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	460	220	245	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	850	445	405	1,330	635	695
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	45	20	20	47,230	22,330	24,905	25	10	15	70	15	55
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	45	20	20	45,875	21,725	24,145	25	10	15	70	15	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	0	0	0	10	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	15	19,960	9,480	10,475	20	0	15	60	10	50
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	420	195	225	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	815	435	375	1,260	625	640
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	460	220	245	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	850	445	405	1,330	635	695
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	455	215	240	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	775	410	365	1,255	605	660
Canadian citizens aged under 18	95	45	50	325,765	167,940	157,820	220	115	105	240	110	125
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	360	170	190	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	550	290	260	1,020	490	530
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	10	0	0	174,615	83,940	90,680	75	35	40	70	40	40
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	460	220	245	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	850	445	405	1,330	635	695
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	350	165	180	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	445	235	210	820	410	405
Immigrants⁸¹	115	50	60	473,580	227,640	245,935	385	195	185	510	225	285
Before 1980	45	20	30	56,750	27,435	29,320	20	20	0	70	35	30
1980 to 1990	30	25	10	44,975	21,950	23,020	40	20	20	55	30	30
1991 to 2000	15	0	15	67,220	32,280	34,935	70	25	40	115	45	70
2001 to 2010	10	0	0	127,170	61,140	66,030	210	120	90	170	75	105
2011 to 2021⁸²	10	0	0	177,465	84,835	92,630	50	15	30	95	45	50
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	89,810	43,015	46,795	20	10	15	45	15	25
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	87,650	41,815	45,835	25	0	20	50	25	20
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	28,410	14,945	13,470	20	15	0	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	115	50	60	473,580	227,640	245,935	385	200	185	510	225	280
Under 5 years	10	0	0	41,205	20,985	20,220	20	10	10	40	20	15
5 to 14 years	20	15	0	79,795	41,370	38,425	80	60	25	85	20	60
15 to 24 years	35	15	25	82,830	37,905	44,930	45	20	30	65	25	40
25 to 44 years	40	15	25	223,080	105,885	117,190	220	100	120	275	130	140
45 years and over	15	10	10	46,670	21,495	25,170	20	10	10	50	30	20
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	115	50	60	473,580	227,640	245,935	385	200	185	510	225	280
Americas	0	0	0	50,280	23,315	26,970	25	15	15	30	10	20
Brazil	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	20	10	10	83,855	41,815	42,040	55	30	30	115	60	60
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	0	0	0	10	10	0
Greece	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	0	0	0	40	20	20
Portugal	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	30	10	20	15	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	27,675	14,575	13,095	10	10	0	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	0	0	0	25	15	10
Africa	0	0	0	55,355	27,975	27,385	75	30	40	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	20	0	15	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	18,410	9,205	9,210	15	10	10	0	0	0
Asia	95	40	55	279,930	132,545	147,390	225	125	105	355	155	200
Afghanistan	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	30	15	15	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	15	10	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	35	15	25	36,925	16,915	20,015	70	40	30	70	30	45
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	0	0	0	45	25	25
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	30	15	15	40	20	20
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	71,315	31,605	39,715	10	0	10	80	40	45
Viet Nam	10	10	0	16,350	7,325	9,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	61,580	30,730	30,850	30	20	15	30	10	25
Pakistan	0	0	0	19,425	9,810	9,615	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	22,735	10,640	12,090	20	10	15	25	15	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	87,650	41,815	45,830	25	0	20	50	30	20
Americas	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	55,100	25,850	29,250	20	0	15	35	20	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	14,870	7,455	7,420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	465	215	240	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	845	445	400	1,335	640	695
First generation¹⁰⁰	125	60	70	518,345	251,010	267,335	415	215	205	535	240	295
Second generation¹⁰¹	85	30	55	329,675	166,505	163,165	185	110	80	290	150	145
Third generation or more¹⁰²	250	130	125	723,920	364,750	359,170	250	125	120	500	245	255
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	65	30	35	416,830	200,210	216,615	365	180	180	440	190	250
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	15	0	10	235,880	118,150	117,730	280	150	130	285	130	155
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	15	0	10	95,815	58,035	37,780	95	85	15	110	85	30
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	0	0	0	140,065	60,120	79,950	185	65	120	175	50	130
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	40	20	25	117,720	48,395	69,330	45	10	35	125	45	80
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	15	0	58,995	31,595	27,395	35	20	15	25	15	15
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	65	30	35	416,830	200,210	216,615	365	180	180	440	190	250
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	14,765	8,620	6,145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	0	0	53,180	23,440	29,750	20	10	10	40	20	25
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	0	0	0	15	10	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	25	10	15	35	10	25
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	60	30	25	313,060	149,760	163,300	310	160	150	340	150	195
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	465	215	245	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	845	445	400	1,335	640	695
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	115	45	75	575,650	282,735	292,910	505	275	225	525	245	280
South Asian	0	0	0	154,385	78,430	75,955	150	90	65	90	35	55
Chinese	85	30	55	93,975	45,570	48,410	115	65	50	185	95	90
Black	0	0	0	76,470	38,665	37,800	70	40	25	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	92,235	42,365	49,880	15	10	10	95	40	50
Arab	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	30	15	15	0	0	0
Latin American	0	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235	0	0	0	20	10	15
Southeast Asian	15	0	10	28,720	13,405	15,310	0	0	0	40	15	25
West Asian	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	30	10	20	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	35	20	15	45	15	30
Japanese	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	20,840	10,195	10,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	345	175	170	996,285	499,530	496,755	340	170	175	805	390	415
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	465	220	245	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	850	445	405	1,330	635	695
Canadian	130	70	60	168,075	87,325	80,750	0	0	0	90	45	40
English	90	50	40	276,300	136,835	139,465	90	40	45	165	60	105
Irish	55	30	35	202,260	98,040	104,225	100	65	35	220	120	100
Scottish	70	40	30	235,385	115,820	119,575	90	60	25	245	125	115
French, n.o.s.¹²²	35	20	10	104,160	50,935	53,225	80	45	35	90	50	40
German	60	30	25	197,770	97,860	99,910	135	80	55	140	70	65
Chinese	90	30	60	99,705	48,045	51,650	120	65	50	180	85	90
Italian	35	20	15	44,840	22,330	22,510	0	0	0	40	15	25
Indian (India)	0	0	0	77,900	39,545	38,355	90	65	25	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	89,615	43,675	45,940	40	25	15	40	15	25
Dutch	35	10	20	53,665	26,510	27,155	40	20	20	45	30	15
Polish	25	10	20	53,675	25,885	27,790	0	0	0	65	35	25
Québécois	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	20	15	0	53,825	27,135	26,690	15	0	10	20	15	0
Filipino	0	0	0	86,850	40,140	46,710	10	10	0	90	45	50
French Canadian	30	10	15	11,575	5,740	5,835	10	0	0	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	0	0	0	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	25	15	15	27,350	12,945	14,410	30	0	25	60	10	50
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	28,815	14,565	14,250	0	0	0	20	0	20
Russian	15	10	0	36,090	16,840	19,255	40	20	20	50	25	25
Norwegian	25	20	15	44,865	21,320	23,545	0	0	0	55	30	20
Welsh	10	10	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	30	20	10	10	10	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	0	0	0	30	10	25
Hungarian	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	0	0	0	30	0	30
Acadian	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0	20	15	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	20	10	10	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	20,085	10,145	9,940	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	22,750	10,685	12,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	0	10	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	40	20	20	45	15	30
Romanian	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lebanese	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	25	10	20	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	0	0	0	20	0	20
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	10	10	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austrian	10	0	10	13,225	6,465	6,765	0	0	0	20	10	15
Belgian	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	0	0	0	15	10	0
Colombian	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	0	0	0	10	0	10
Syrian	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0	10	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	15	10	15	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	35	15	20	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	0	0	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0	10	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	855	420	440	15	15	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0	10	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0	20	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	465	215	245	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	845	445	400	1,335	640	695
Buddhist	20	0	15	22,425	9,955	12,470	45	20	25	70	25	50
Christian	110	40	70	713,465	336,705	376,760	390	195	195	620	290	330
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	35	15	25	153,665	73,675	79,985	110	55	50	115	40	70
Anabaptist	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	35,625	16,415	19,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	0	0	0	10	0	10
Catholic	35	15	25	312,410	149,290	163,120	105	65	40	365	180	180
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	55	30	25	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	55	15	35	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	0	0	0	15	10	10
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	0	0	0	20	20	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	10	0	10	51,720	22,415	29,305	0	0	0	40	20	20
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	43,375	20,405	22,970	0	0	0	40	10	30
Hindu	0	0	0	35,335	18,180	17,155	40	30	10	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	101,285	51,675	49,610	80	40	40	35	25	15
Sikh	0	0	0	56,230	28,325	27,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	10	0	10	11,305	4,775	6,530	25	10	15	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	285	155	125	623,560	328,795	294,765	275	155	120	580	295	290
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	460	220	245	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	845	445	400	1,325	630	695
Non-movers	430	200	225	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	770	400	370	1,200	570	630
Movers	35	20	20	209,550	104,275	105,275	70	45	30	130	60	65
Non-migrants	30	20	10	147,415	73,505	73,910	30	20	15	115	55	55
Migrants	0	0	0	62,135	30,765	31,365	40	25	20	15	0	10
Internal migrants	0	0	0	47,380	23,440	23,940	20	10	15	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	10	10	0	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	25	20	0	15	0	10
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	455	215	235	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	805	430	380	1,305	620	680
Non-movers	310	135	180	863,155	429,060	434,095	580	310	270	905	415	490
Movers	140	80	65	619,175	307,300	311,880	220	110	110	395	200	195
Non-migrants	140	80	55	363,260	181,560	181,700	155	75	80	265	140	125
Migrants	0	0	0	255,920	125,740	130,180	75	40	30	130	60	70
Internal migrants	0	0	0	177,420	87,415	90,005	45	25	25	85	40	45
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	112,590	55,855	56,735	20	15	0	50	25	25
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	64,830	31,560	33,270	30	10	20	35	15	20
External migrants	0	0	0	78,500	38,320	40,180	20	15	10	45	20	25
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	385	185	195	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	685	350	330	1,170	550	615
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	70	40	35	182,850	95,955	86,895	100	40	60	175	80	95
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	315	150	165	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	585	315	270	995	470	520
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	265	110	150	886,650	437,700	448,950	490	255	240	690	345	350
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25	10	10	79,025	43,715	35,310	20	0	15	20	10	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	235	100	140	807,620	393,985	413,640	470	250	220	680	335	345
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	380	190	195	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	685	355	330	1,165	555	620
No certificate, diploma or degree	55	30	25	163,710	84,360	79,350	95	40	60	155	65	85
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	110	50	60	339,400	169,445	169,950	130	75	55	265	120	145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	220	105	115	775,265	377,350	397,915	455	240	215	750	365	390
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	145	70	70	348,595	174,345	174,250	100	55	50	280	125	155
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	30	0	84,805	63,760	21,050	30	20	0	70	45	25
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	15	0	29,285	16,610	12,680	0	0	0	35	20	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	15	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	25	20	0	30	25	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	95	40	55	221,065	92,585	128,480	60	30	30	165	65	100
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	42,725	18,000	24,720	15	10	10	45	15	30
Bachelor's degree or higher	75	35	40	426,670	203,005	223,660	355	185	165	475	235	235
Bachelor's degree	60	30	35	294,610	137,240	157,375	235	115	120	310	125	185
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	22,475	10,080	12,390	20	15	0	20	20	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	0	0	0	10	0	0
Master's degree	10	0	10	86,005	42,875	43,130	75	40	35	100	70	30
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	20	15	0	35	20	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	260	115	150	886,650	437,700	448,950	495	250	240	695	345	350
No certificate, diploma or degree	15	0	0	66,625	36,450	30,175	20	0	20	10	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65	25	40	197,715	102,665	95,045	95	50	40	95	50	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	190	85	110	622,315	298,585	323,730	380	200	180	590	290	300
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	130	65	70	266,590	133,640	132,950	90	50	45	205	85	115
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	30	10	63,270	48,090	15,175	20	15	10	35	15	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	15	0	20,715	12,025	8,685	0	0	0	10	0	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	15	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	15	15	0	25	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	80	35	50	170,270	71,565	98,700	55	20	30	135	65	75
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	33,050	13,985	19,070	15	10	10	35	0	25
Bachelor's degree or higher	55	15	45	355,720	164,940	190,775	290	150	135	390	200	185
Bachelor's degree	45	15	35	244,340	111,530	132,810	185	85	95	225	90	135
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	15	15	0	25	20	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	0	0	0	10	0	0
Master's degree	10	0	10	74,335	35,965	38,370	75	40	30	100	70	30
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	20	10	10	35	25	15
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	380	185	200	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	685	355	330	1,170	550	620
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	165	85	80	503,110	253,805	249,305	225	115	115	415	190	230
Education	10	0	10	46,605	10,200	36,405	15	0	15	50	0	50
13. Education	10	0	10	46,605	10,200	36,405	15	0	15	50	0	50
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	23,385	9,460	13,925	0	0	0	15	0	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	20,825	7,530	13,295	0	0	0	15	0	15
Humanities	10	0	0	34,000	12,365	21,635	35	10	25	35	10	25
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	7,415	1,915	5,495	10	0	10	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	11,560	4,095	7,460	0	0	0	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	15	0	10	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	20	83,860	28,790	55,065	55	20	30	60	15	45
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	0	0	0	25	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	10	0	10	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	15,515	5,275	10,245	0	0	0	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	10	0	10	10	10	0
45. Social sciences	20	0	15	30,700	14,865	15,830	25	10	15	15	0	15
Business, management and public administration	30	0	20	177,710	75,825	101,885	95	45	45	165	55	105
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	8,595	1,605	6,995	0	0	0	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15	0	15	168,935	74,160	94,770	95	45	45	155	55	100
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	10	15	39,940	20,670	19,265	40	30	15	55	25	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	15	10	0	20	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	0	0	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	0	10	16,065	10,835	5,225	25	15	10	30	15	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	36,465	23,975	12,485	55	35	25	50	30	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	40	25	15	20	15	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	20	10	10	30	15	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	60	60	0	173,505	149,155	24,355	95	70	20	160	145	20
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	20	0	66,620	53,075	13,545	60	40	20	95	75	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	0	0	0	35	35	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	28,060	27,225	835	10	10	0	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	22,210	21,530	675	20	20	0	0	0	0
48. Precision production	15	15	0	11,885	11,515	375	0	0	0	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	15,905	7,900	8,005	0	0	0	15	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	0	0	0	10	10	0
Health and related fields	35	0	30	111,080	22,865	88,215	75	30	40	110	40	65
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0	25	15	15
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	30	98,680	16,900	81,780	70	30	40	75	30	50
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	32,595	16,030	16,565	0	0	0	45	25	25
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950	0	0	0	40	15	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	265	110	155	886,650	437,700	448,950	495	255	240	695	340	345
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	75	25	45	264,340	139,115	125,220	115	55	60	100	50	45
Education	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	0	0	0	35	0	30
13. Education	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	0	0	0	35	0	30
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	0	0	0	15	0	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	0	0	0	15	0	15
Humanities	10	0	0	26,945	9,460	17,490	25	10	15	35	10	25
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,035	1,555	4,480	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	9,440	3,220	6,225	0	0	0	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	10	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30	0	25	69,810	23,220	46,590	45	15	30	60	15	45
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	0	0	0	25	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	10	0	10	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840	0	0	0	15	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	0	0	0	15	15	0
45. Social sciences	15	0	15	25,655	12,155	13,505	25	10	15	15	0	15
Business, management and public administration	25	0	20	145,930	61,450	84,480	75	35	40	120	45	75
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	6,965	1,215	5,750	0	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15	0	15	138,835	60,195	78,640	75	35	40	115	45	70
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	0	10	30,605	14,930	15,680	25	10	10	45	25	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	10	0	0	20	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	10	10	0	20	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	31,330	20,720	10,615	50	35	20	40	25	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	35	25	10	20	15	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	10	0	10	20	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	40	0	138,260	116,630	21,630	80	60	25	125	110	20
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	55,310	43,055	12,260	60	35	25	75	60	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	0	0	0	30	30	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,755	21,035	720	10	10	0	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20	20	0	16,875	16,295	580	15	15	0	0	0	0
48. Precision production	15	15	0	8,785	8,485	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	0	0	0	15	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0	10	10	0
Health and related fields	35	0	30	88,715	18,735	69,980	70	25	40	80	35	45
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0	15	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	30	78,745	14,010	64,730	65	25	40	60	20	40
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	0	0	0	30	10	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	0	0	0	20	10	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	265	110	155	886,650	437,700	448,950	495	255	240	695	340	345
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	75	25	45	264,340	139,115	125,220	115	55	60	100	50	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	185	80	105	622,310	298,585	323,730	380	200	180	590	290	300
Location of study inside Canada	165	75	90	455,590	220,680	234,910	245	125	120	395	200	195
Same as province or territory of residence	135	65	70	328,175	157,540	170,630	160	80	85	295	145	145
Different than province or territory of residence	30	10	15	127,410	63,135	64,275	85	50	40	100	55	45
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	25	0	15	166,725	77,905	88,820	135	75	60	200	90	110
Americas	0	0	0	28,670	14,305	14,360	25	15	10	15	10	0
United States of America	0	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040	20	15	10	10	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	35	25	15	55	25	30
Belgium	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0	10	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	20	10	10	25	10	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	10	10	0	10	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0	15	0	10
Africa	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	15	0	15	91,990	39,695	52,295	65	35	30	125	55	70
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	15	10	15	25	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0	10	10	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	20	10	10	15	0	15
Philippines	0	0	0	30,585	12,115	18,470	0	0	0	30	15	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0	10	0	0
India	0	0	0	25,005	11,780	13,225	0	0	0	15	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	380	190	195	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	685	355	330	1,165	555	620
In the labour force	290	155	130	882,705	463,170	419,540	460	250	215	700	365	330
Employed	255	130	125	776,015	408,675	367,335	405	225	185	645	340	310
Unemployed	35	25	10	106,695	54,490	52,205	55	25	30	50	30	25
Not in the labour force	95	30	65	395,665	167,985	227,680	225	105	120	470	190	285
Participation rate	76.3	81.6	66.7	69.0	73.4	64.8	67.2	70.4	65.2	60.1	65.8	53.2
Employment rate	67.1	68.4	64.1	60.7	64.8	56.8	59.1	63.4	56.1	55.4	61.3	50.0
Unemployment rate	12.1	16.1	7.7	12.1	11.8	12.4	12.0	10.0	14.0	7.1	8.2	7.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	380	185	200	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	685	355	330	1,170	550	620
Did not work¹⁸⁶	105	35	65	422,665	183,645	239,020	280	115	160	435	175	260
Worked	280	150	130	855,710	447,510	408,200	410	235	170	735	380	355
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	125	50	75	450,195	257,535	192,655	210	140	70	395	225	175
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	155	100	55	405,520	189,970	215,550	200	95	100	340	155	180
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	34.4	46.4	40.7	41.5	39.8	39.8	40.0	39.6	41.9	42.5	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	285	155	130	882,710	463,165	419,540	465	250	210	695	365	330
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	35	15	15	10	10	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	280	150	125	853,695	449,150	404,550	430	235	195	690	360	330
Employee	235	125	110	715,140	365,090	350,050	355	190	170	575	290	290
Permanent position	210	110	100	600,125	311,480	288,645	295	165	125	455	250	205
Temporary position	25	15	10	115,020	53,615	61,405	65	30	40	125	40	80
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	37,760	16,790	20,970	15	10	0	50	15	30
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	25	15	10	77,260	36,820	40,435	50	20	30	75	25	50
Self-employed¹⁹²	45	25	15	138,550	84,060	54,500	70	45	25	115	70	45
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	285	155	130	882,710	463,165	419,540	465	250	210	695	365	330
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	35	15	15	10	10	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	280	150	125	853,695	449,150	404,550	430	235	195	690	360	330
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	0	0	0	10	10	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	45	10	35	161,170	53,245	107,930	80	25	45	115	30	85
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35	25	0	94,565	72,340	22,225	85	75	15	130	110	20
3 Health occupations	30	0	20	69,305	13,810	55,490	55	25	30	60	15	45
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	20	0	15	92,850	30,655	62,195	40	20	20	120	35	85
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	15	0	15	30	10	15
6 Sales and service occupations	75	35	40	209,115	94,840	114,280	105	45	60	155	80	75
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	55	55	0	147,375	132,085	15,290	55	45	10	60	55	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	0	0	0	10	0	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	25,565	19,070	6,490	0	0	0	10	10	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	285	155	130	882,710	463,165	419,540	465	250	210	695	365	330
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	35	15	15	10	10	0
All industries¹⁹¹	280	150	125	853,695	449,150	404,550	430	235	195	690	360	330
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	39,750	26,465	13,290	10	10	0	40	20	20
22 Utilities	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	0	0	0	20	15	10
23 Construction	30	30	0	75,665	63,720	11,945	35	35	0	30	30	0
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	41,545	30,255	11,295	25	15	0	30	20	0
41 Wholesale trade	15	15	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	10	0	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	25	10	10	96,885	46,555	50,330	65	40	30	70	40	30
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	15	0	56,135	40,670	15,470	20	0	15	15	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	15	0	10	14,840	8,750	6,090	10	10	0	15	15	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	30,760	13,930	16,825	40	20	15	15	10	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	0	0	0	25	25	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15	10	0	96,185	55,190	40,995	55	55	0	95	65	25
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	20	10	0	37,790	21,285	16,510	20	0	15	30	20	10
61 Educational services	25	10	20	55,510	16,805	38,700	30	0	30	100	30	70
62 Health care and social assistance	45	15	25	107,190	20,475	86,720	75	25	55	85	15	65
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	0	0	0	15	15	0
72 Accommodation and food services	25	10	15	49,900	22,440	27,460	15	0	10	60	15	40
81 Other services (except public administration)	25	0	20	37,065	16,090	20,975	0	0	0	10	0	10
91 Public administration	0	0	0	31,305	16,235	15,075	15	0	0	30	0	25
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	300	155	145	926,320	483,455	442,860	440	245	195	785	405	380
English	275	155	125	878,705	460,305	418,400	410	235	175	700	365	335
French	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	30,355	15,535	14,825	25	10	20	85	40	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	300	155	145	926,320	483,455	442,860	440	245	195	785	405	380
Single responses	300	155	145	919,325	479,835	439,490	430	240	190	775	405	370
Official languages	280	155	125	906,220	473,040	433,180	430	240	190	770	400	365
English	280	155	125	903,745	472,395	431,350	430	240	190	765	400	365
French	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-official languages	15	0	15	13,105	6,795	6,310	0	0	0	10	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	0	15	13,090	6,795	6,300	0	0	0	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	7,000	3,625	3,375	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5,765	3,065	2,695	0	0	0	10	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	300	155	145	926,320	483,455	442,860	440	245	195	785	405	380
None	280	155	125	893,045	467,350	425,695	420	235	185	715	365	345
English	0	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	0	0	0	10	0	0
French	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	17,585	8,825	8,760	15	0	10	55	30	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	17,465	8,780	8,690	15	0	10	55	30	25
English and French	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	250	130	120	776,010	408,680	367,335	405	220	180	645	340	310
Worked at home	60	35	30	215,520	105,290	110,230	125	65	60	210	100	110
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	40	40	0	113,260	83,885	29,375	35	20	10	85	55	30
Usual place of work	150	60	90	444,410	217,405	227,005	240	135	110	355	185	170
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	145	60	90	444,410	217,405	227,005	240	130	110	355	185	170
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	140	50	90	361,065	170,000	191,065	230	115	110	320	160	165
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	69,230	37,715	31,505	10	10	0	25	25	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	10	10	0	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	190	95	95	557,670	301,290	256,380	275	155	120	435	240	195
Car, truck or van	165	85	80	473,465	261,055	212,410	225	135	90	400	215	180
Car, truck or van - as a driver	145	70	75	441,645	249,990	191,655	205	130	80	360	210	155
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	20	10	0	31,820	11,060	20,755	15	0	15	35	10	30
Public transit	15	0	0	40,930	17,775	23,165	25	0	25	30	25	10
Walked	10	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	20	15	0	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	190	95	95	557,670	301,290	256,380	275	155	120	435	240	195
Less than 15 minutes	35	15	20	128,460	58,155	70,310	40	20	25	80	25	50
15 to 29 minutes	110	40	65	242,460	130,855	111,610	130	85	50	155	90	70
30 to 44 minutes	25	20	10	125,765	75,100	50,660	65	35	25	125	80	50
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	31,050	18,505	12,545	20	10	10	55	30	25
60 minutes and over	20	20	0	29,930	18,665	11,265	25	10	20	20	15	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	190	95	95	557,670	301,290	256,380	275	155	120	435	240	195
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	37,665	27,280	10,390	25	25	0	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	40	25	20	100,900	63,500	37,400	65	50	15	70	55	15
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	45	15	30	143,455	75,755	67,700	65	25	35	125	65	60
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	55	40	20	105,095	50,620	54,475	35	25	10	95	60	35
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	45	15	30	79,595	35,415	44,180	60	25	35	60	20	40
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	0	0	0	90,950	48,715	42,230	30	10	20	80	40	45
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	80	40	40	356,225	183,250	172,980	235	105	130	260	140	120
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	5	25,335	12,890	12,445	15	10	5	25	15	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	75	45	30	330,890	170,360	160,535	220	95	125	230	125	105
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	60	35	25	259,535	133,590	125,945	175	80	95	205	110	100
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	18,890	9,625	9,270	15	10	5	15	15	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	9,575	4,670	4,910	5	0	0	5	5	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	9,315	4,955	4,360	10	10	5	10	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	35	25	240,640	123,965	116,675	160	65	90	190	100	90

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...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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