Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24663490More information: Quebec [Dissemination area]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	2,081	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	1,498	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	1,352	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	26,077.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.08	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	2,080	1,160	925
0 to 14 years	110	50	60
0 to 4 years	70	30	30
5 to 9 years	30	10	25
10 to 14 years	15	10	5
15 to 64 years	1,905	1,075	835
15 to 19 years	25	20	5
20 to 24 years	190	90	100
25 to 29 years	435	220	210
30 to 34 years	500	290	205
35 to 39 years	310	185	125
40 to 44 years	155	85	60
45 to 49 years	80	45	35
50 to 54 years	80	55	25
55 to 59 years	75	45	30
60 to 64 years	65	35	25
65 years and over	65	30	35
65 to 69 years	35	20	20
70 to 74 years	10	0	5
75 to 79 years	10	10	0
80 to 84 years	5	0	0
85 years and over	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5.3	4.3	6.5
15 to 64 years	91.6	92.7	90.3
65 years and over	3.1	2.6	3.8
85 years and over	0.2	0.0	0.5
Average age of the population	34.6	35.2	33.9
Median age of the population	32.0	32.8	31.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	1,350	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,350	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	1,350	...	...
1 person	790	...	...
2 persons	435	...	...
3 persons	90	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...
Number of persons in private households	2,080	1,160	925
Average household size	1.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,970	1,105	865
Married or living common-law	915	490	430
Married	420	220	200
Living common-law	495	265	230
Living common law - Never married	450	235	215
Living common law - Separated	10	10	0
Living common law - Divorced	35	25	10
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	1,055	620	440
Not married and not living common law - Never married	930	560	370
Not married and not living common law - Separated	25	10	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	90	50	40
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	0	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	475	...	...
2 persons	370	...	...
3 persons	75	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.3	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	480	...	...
Total couple families	445	...	...
Married couples	195	...	...
With children⁶	75	...	...
Without children	120	...	...
Common-law couples	245	...	...
With children⁶	30	...	...
Without children	220	...	...
Total one-parent families	35	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	2,080	1,155	925
Total - Persons in census families	1,100	560	535
Married spouses or common-law partners	880	465	420
Parents in one-parent families	40	10	25
Children⁶	180	85	90
In a two-parent family	135	70	65
In a one-parent family	40	15	30
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	980	595	385
Living alone	795	475	320
Living with other relatives⁷	60	30	30
Living with non-relatives only	125	85	35
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	1,350	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	460	...	...
Couple-family households	425	...	...
With children⁶	100	...	...
Without children	330	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	15	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	80	...	...
One-person households	795	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,970	1,100	865
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,910	1,070	835
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,000	70,000	56,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,910	1,070	835
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,800	56,000	47,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,840	1,030	815
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,000	70,500	54,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,730	970	760
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,500	70,500	54,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,165	610	555
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,120	4,480	4,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	155	85	70
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	4,240	6,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	540	305	235
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,915	1,090	820
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,850	1,050	790
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	81,700	88,200	73,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,850	1,050	790
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,650	65,000	54,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,780	1,015	765
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	80,000	87,200	70,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,670	960	710
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,600	85,000	72,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,125	615	510
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,920	7,520	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	180	105	75
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,120	4,800	8,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	560	340	220
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,840	8,960	11,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,915	1,090	820
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	985	600	380
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	80,000	86,000	76,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	102,600	104,400	99,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	550	280	270
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	33,200	19,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,400	46,000	36,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	94.0	95.2	92.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	88.0	88.0	88.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	5.9	5.0	7.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.6	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.9	3.5	4.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.3	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,970	1,105	865
Without total income	60	35	30
With total income	1,905	1,070	835
Under $10,000 (including loss)	135	65	70
$10,000 to $19,999	110	60	50
$20,000 to $29,999	190	90	95
$30,000 to $39,999	150	85	65
$40,000 to $49,999	155	70	80
$50,000 to $59,999	140	65	75
$60,000 to $69,999	185	100	90
$70,000 to $79,999	160	95	65
$80,000 to $89,999	140	85	55
$90,000 to $99,999	90	55	35
$100,000 and over	455	300	150
$100,000 to $149,999	275	185	95
$150,000 and over	175	115	60
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,970	1,105	865
Without after-tax income	60	35	30
With after-tax income	1,905	1,070	835
Under $10,000 (including loss)	140	65	70
$10,000 to $19,999	120	65	50
$20,000 to $29,999	230	120	110
$30,000 to $39,999	190	85	105
$40,000 to $49,999	210	105	105
$50,000 to $59,999	280	160	120
$60,000 to $69,999	205	120	85
$70,000 to $79,999	130	80	55
$80,000 to $89,999	110	75	40
$90,000 to $99,999	85	60	30
$100,000 and over	205	145	65
$100,000 to $124,999	95	65	35
$125,000 and over	110	85	30
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,970	1,105	865
Without employment income	240	135	105
With employment income	1,730	975	755
Under $5,000 (including loss)	100	45	50
$5,000 to $9,999	120	60	60
$10,000 to $19,999	135	70	60
$20,000 to $29,999	110	55	55
$30,000 to $39,999	105	50	55
$40,000 to $49,999	105	50	60
$50,000 to $59,999	115	45	70
$60,000 to $69,999	175	100	75
$70,000 to $79,999	150	95	50
$80,000 to $89,999	130	75	50
$90,000 to $99,999	90	55	35
$100,000 and over	405	270	130
$100,000 to $124,999	140	95	50
$125,000 and over	265	175	85
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,970	1,100	865
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,860	1,035	820
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,400	67,000	48,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,860	1,035	820
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400	54,400	41,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,770	995	785
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,800	68,500	50,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,640	920	720
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,200	69,000	51,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,045	545	500
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,220	930	1,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	90	50	40
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160	4,400	9,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,915	1,090	820
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,830	1,045	785
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	74,400	81,200	65,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,830	1,045	785
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,150	57,600	49,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,745	1,005	735
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	76,800	83,400	67,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,630	945	685
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	75,800	80,800	69,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	960	525	440
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,595	2,040	3,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65	35	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,400	8,000	14,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,915	1,090	820
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	965	595	365
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,000	74,000	71,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	95,200	96,800	93,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	510	270	250
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,800	41,200	28,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	45,800	50,400	40,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	98.2	98.8	97.2
Employment income (%)	90.6	89.6	92.0
Government transfers (%)	1.8	1.3	2.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	0.3	0.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	1,350	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	795	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	555	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	1,340	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	820	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	81,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	520	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	162,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	1,350	...	...
Under $5,000	40	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	25	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	40	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	45	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	30	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	35	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	35	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	75	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	100	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	100	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	110	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	65	...	...
$100,000 and over	565	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	140	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	140	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	140	...	...
$200,000 and over	145	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	1,350	...	...
Under $5,000	40	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	25	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	50	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	45	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	35	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	45	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	55	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	40	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	150	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	155	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	100	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	80	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	85	...	...
$100,000 and over	385	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	155	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	95	...	...
$150,000 and over	140	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	500	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	330	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	105	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	920	560	360
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	66,000	67,500	60,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,800	54,400	50,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	470	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	166,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	325	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	163,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	95	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	180,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	925	585	340
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	78,000	76,000	81,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	58,500	57,800	60,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	2,080	1,160	925
0 to 17 years	130	65	60
0 to 5 years	85	40	40
18 to 64 years	1,890	1,060	830
65 years and over	65	30	30
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	250	140	110
0 to 17 years	15	5	10
0 to 5 years	10	0	5
18 to 64 years	230	135	95
65 years and over	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.0	12.2	12.0
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	10.0	16.0
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	x	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.2	12.6	11.6
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	2,080	1,155	925
0 to 17 years	125	65	60
0 to 5 years	85	40	45
18 to 64 years	1,890	1,060	830
65 years and over	65	35	30
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	215	125	90
0 to 17 years	15	5	10
0 to 5 years	5	5	5
18 to 64 years	200	120	80
65 years and over	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.3	10.8	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	8.0	16.0
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	x	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.5	11.2	9.6
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	2,080	1,160	925
In bottom half of the distribution	790	425	370
In bottom decile	255	145	105
In second decile	105	65	40
In third decile	110	50	60
In fourth decile	175	90	85
In fifth decile	145	80	70
In top half of the distribution	1,295	730	555
In sixth decile	185	120	65
In seventh decile	215	125	90
In eighth decile	225	120	105
In ninth decile	270	150	120
In top decile	400	225	175
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	2,080	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.416	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.457	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.360	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	2,080	1,160	925
English only	365	210	160
French only	110	60	55
English and French	1,580	880	695
Neither English nor French	25	10	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	2,080	1,160	925
English	825	460	360
French	1,075	600	475
English and French	165	85	75
Neither English nor French	20	5	15
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	2,080	1,160	925
Single responses	1,945	1,085	860
Official languages	1,300	760	540
English	400	255	150
French	900	510	390
Non-official languages	650	325	320
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	650	325	320
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	75	35
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	70	35
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	110	70	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0
Vietnamese	20	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	5	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	330	165	160
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	55	25	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	55	25	30
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0
Russian	35	15	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	5
German	5	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	5	5	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	35	30
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	10	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	20	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	45	20	20
Dari	10	5	5
Iranian Persian	30	15	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	90	90
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	10
Portuguese	20	15	10
Romanian	25	15	15
Spanish	110	60	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	15	5	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	60	80
Chinese languages	140	60	80
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	105	45	55
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	135	75	65
English and French	45	30	20
English and non-official language(s)	40	25	15
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	2,080	1,160	925
English	415	245	175
French	695	395	295
Non-official language	145	75	70
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	145	75	70
English and French	345	200	145
English and non-official language(s)	230	120	110
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	185	95	90
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	2,080	1,160	925
Single responses	1,870	1,050	820
Official languages	1,600	910	690
English	675	390	285
French	925	520	405
Non-official languages	270	135	135
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	270	135	135
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	20	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	30	20	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	155	80	75
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	5	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	5	15
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	20	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	25	20
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	20	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	35	20	20
Dari	5	0	5
Iranian Persian	20	15	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	45	40
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5
Portuguese	15	10	0
Romanian	10	5	0
Spanish	60	30	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	30	40
Chinese languages	70	30	40
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	65	30	35
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	210	110	105
English and French	95	60	40
English and non-official language(s)	60	25	30
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	2,080	1,160	925
None	1,430	800	625
English	240	125	115
French	125	75	50
Non-official language	140	80	60
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	140	80	60
English and French	20	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	25
French and non-official language(s)	55	30	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	2,015	1,145	870
Official languages	2,000	1,140	860
English	1,850	1,075	775
French	1,645	940	710
Non-official languages	1,010	525	485
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,010	525	485
Afro-Asiatic languages	220	130	85
Berber languages	25	15	10
Kabyle	15	15	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	220	130	85
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	215	130	85
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	15	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	10	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	520	295	230
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	20	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	45	15	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	0
Russian	30	10	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	25	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	25	20	0
German	25	20	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	90	45	45
Indo-Aryan languages	40	25	15
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	30	10	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	65	25	40
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	65	25	40
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	45	25	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	330	190	140
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	45	25	20
Portuguese	50	20	30
Romanian	30	10	20
Spanish	255	155	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	10
Korean	30	10	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	20	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	160	70	95
Chinese languages	160	70	95
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	130	45	80
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	20	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,015	1,145	875
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	2,005	1,135	875
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,015	1,145	875
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,015	1,145	875
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	1,340	...	...
Owner	685	...	...
Renter	660	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	1,340	...	...
Condominium	1,340	...	...
Not condominium	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	1,340	...	...
No bedrooms	70	...	...
1 bedroom	680	...	...
2 bedrooms	505	...	...
3 bedrooms	75	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	1,340	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,230	...	...
5 rooms	90	...	...
6 rooms	10	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	1,340	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,315	...	...
More than one person per room	25	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	1,340	...	...
Suitable	1,290	...	...
Not suitable	45	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	1,340	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	20	...	...
2006 to 2010	15	...	...
2011 to 2015	500	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	805	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	1,340	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,335	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	1,340	...	...
One-maintainer household	960	...	...
Two-maintainer household	380	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	1,340	...	...
15 to 24 years	120	...	...
25 to 34 years	600	...	...
35 to 44 years	360	...	...
45 to 54 years	115	...	...
55 to 64 years	105	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,315	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	915	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	400	...	...
30% to less than 100%	335	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	1,345	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	450	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	400	...	...
Not suitable only	40	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	885	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	1,255	...	...
In core need	40	...	...
Not in core need	1,210	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	680	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	86.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,760	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,924	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	452,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	501,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	655	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,510	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,610	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	2,015	1,140	870
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	25	25	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	25	25	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	25	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,980	1,110	870
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	2,015	1,145	870
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,500	855	645
Canadian citizens aged under 18	95	50	45
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,410	810	600
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	515	285	230
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	2,015	1,145	870
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,055	625	430
Immigrants⁸¹	670	365	300
Before 1980	10	10	0
1980 to 1990	45	20	20
1991 to 2000	145	70	75
2001 to 2010	185	110	75
2011 to 2021⁸²	295	165	130
2011 to 2015	85	50	35
2016 to 2021	205	115	90
Non-permanent residents⁸³	290	150	140
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	670	370	300
Under 5 years	80	45	40
5 to 14 years	145	80	70
15 to 24 years	100	60	40
25 to 44 years	315	175	135
45 years and over	30	15	15
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	670	370	300
Americas	100	50	50
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	10
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	25	15	15
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	20	0	15
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	10
Europe	145	90	55
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	80	60	25
Germany	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	30	15	20
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	0
Africa	110	75	35
Algeria	25	15	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	55	40	15
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	20	0
Asia	310	155	160
Afghanistan	20	0	10
Iran⁸⁸	40	10	25
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	45	35	15
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	75	30	50
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	25	0	20
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	10	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	15	15	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	25	20
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	205	115	90
Americas	35	15	20
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	15	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	50	35	10
France	40	25	10
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	40	30	15
Algeria	15	10	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	20	15	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	90	40	50
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	15	15	0
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	2,015	1,145	870
First generation¹⁰⁰	980	530	450
Second generation¹⁰¹	365	195	170
Third generation or more¹⁰²	665	415	250
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	665	360	300
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	470	260	210
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	260	180	80
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	210	80	125
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	115	50	60
Refugees¹⁰⁸	70	45	30
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	665	360	300
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	20	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	40	20	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	35	10	25
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	140	90	45
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	415	215	200
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	2,015	1,145	875
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	820	410	410
South Asian	50	40	15
Chinese	180	70	105
Black	90	45	45
Filipino	0	0	0
Arab	160	90	70
Latin American	115	75	35
Southeast Asian	70	25	45
West Asian	60	30	30
Korean	35	10	30
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	30	15	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,195	735	460
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	2,015	1,145	870
Canadian	230	140	85
English	65	50	15
Irish	125	85	45
Scottish	40	30	10
French, n.o.s.¹²²	420	300	125
German	40	20	20
Chinese	175	75	105
Italian	105	50	50
Indian (India)	25	15	10
Ukrainian	20	10	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Polish	30	20	10
Québécois	80	40	35
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0
French Canadian	20	10	10
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	35	20	20
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15	10	0
Métis	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	20	15	10
Russian	25	0	15
Norwegian	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	0
American	10	10	0
Spanish	55	50	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	10	0
Acadian	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0
Jewish	40	25	10
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	60	25	30
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	40	10
Greek	35	25	10
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	0	15
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	40	10	30
Romanian	40	15	20
Lebanese	70	50	25
Iranian	25	15	15
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0
Belgian	10	10	0
Haitian	30	15	15
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	30	15	20
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	30	30	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	15	0	10
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	15	15
Tamil	15	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	15	0	10
Moroccan	55	40	20
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	20	0	15
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	25	10	20
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	35	20	15
Brazilian	25	10	20
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	15	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	15	0	10
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	0	15
Berber	10	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	0	15
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	10	10	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	15	10	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	2,015	1,145	875
Buddhist	30	10	20
Christian	785	455	325
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	175	100	70
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	15	15	0
Baptist	0	0	0
Catholic	465	270	195
Christian Orthodox	85	40	40
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	40	20	20
Hindu	15	10	0
Jewish	45	35	15
Muslim	230	110	120
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	25	20	10
No religion and secular perspectives	885	500	380
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	2,005	1,135	865
Non-movers	1,510	845	665
Movers	490	290	205
Non-migrants	325	205	125
Migrants	165	90	80
Internal migrants	115	60	55
Intraprovincial migrants	50	25	30
Interprovincial migrants	65	40	25
External migrants	55	30	25
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,935	1,095	845
Non-movers	335	195	140
Movers	1,600	900	695
Non-migrants	795	440	345
Migrants	805	460	350
Internal migrants	490	290	200
Intraprovincial migrants	340	205	135
Interprovincial migrants	155	85	65
External migrants	315	165	145
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,915	1,090	820
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	45	30	15
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,870	1,065	805
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,620	930	685
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20	15	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,595	920	675
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,915	1,090	820
No certificate, diploma or degree	40	25	15
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	190	115	75
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,680	950	730
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	455	280	175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	80	55	25
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	55	40	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	10	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	300	175	125
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	75	50	30
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,225	670	555
Bachelor's degree	655	350	300
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	145	75	75
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	30	15
Master's degree	350	185	160
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	25	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,620	935	685
No certificate, diploma or degree	15	10	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	115	80	35
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,485	840	645
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	410	265	150
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	65	50	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	45	35	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	270	165	105
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	80	50	25
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,070	580	490
Bachelor's degree	530	295	240
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	140	70	70
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	30	10
Master's degree	320	160	160
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35	25	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,915	1,095	825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	230	140	95
Education	15	0	15
13. Education	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	120	65	60
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	25	10
50. Visual and performing arts	85	40	45
Humanities	60	25	35
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	20	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	230	100	135
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	0	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	50	25	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	30	10	20
45. Social sciences	100	55	50
Business, management and public administration	610	350	260
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	605	350	250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	45	30	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25	20	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	20	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	155	105	50
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	140	95	45
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	240	190	55
04. Architecture and related services	25	15	15
14. Engineering	175	150	30
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
Health and related fields	170	60	115
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	145	40	105
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	15	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	20	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	15	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,615	930	685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	135	95	40
Education	15	0	15
13. Education	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	120	60	55
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	25	10
50. Visual and performing arts	85	40	45
Humanities	50	20	25
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	20	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	195	80	110
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	0	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	45	15	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	20	10	10
45. Social sciences	95	50	45
Business, management and public administration	550	315	235
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	540	315	225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	45	25	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	20	15	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	115	80	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	105	80	30
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	225	175	50
04. Architecture and related services	20	0	15
14. Engineering	170	145	30
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
Health and related fields	140	55	90
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	120	35	80
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	15	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	20	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	15	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	1,615	930	685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	135	95	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,485	840	645
Location of study inside Canada	1,160	655	500
Same as province or territory of residence	1,025	580	445
Different than province or territory of residence	130	75	55
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	325	185	145
Americas	65	40	25
United States of America	30	25	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	15	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	175	95	80
Belgium	0	0	0
France	115	65	50
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	25	20	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	10	10	0
Morocco	10	10	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	65	35	30
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	25	20	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,915	1,090	820
In the labour force	1,620	935	685
Employed	1,490	860	625
Unemployed	135	75	60
Not in the labour force	295	155	140
Participation rate	84.6	85.8	83.5
Employment rate	77.8	78.9	76.2
Unemployment rate	8.3	8.0	8.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,915	1,095	825
Did not work¹⁸⁶	330	170	160
Worked	1,580	920	660
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	1,010	625	385
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	570	295	270
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	44.3	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	1,620	940	685
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	1,605	930	675
Employee	1,375	775	600
Permanent position	1,175	675	495
Temporary position	205	100	105
Fixed term (1 year or more)	125	65	60
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	85	35	45
Self-employed¹⁹²	225	155	75
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	1,620	940	685
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	1,605	930	675
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	50	15	30
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	435	200	240
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	310	255	60
3 Health occupations	125	45	80
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	140	80	60
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	130	80	50
6 Sales and service occupations	310	170	135
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	95	80	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10	10	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	1,620	940	685
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	10
All industries¹⁹¹	1,605	930	675
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0
22 Utilities	10	0	0
23 Construction	65	45	15
31-33 Manufacturing	70	40	35
41 Wholesale trade	35	20	10
44-45 Retail trade	105	50	55
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	80	50	25
51 Information and cultural industries	105	60	45
52 Finance and insurance	160	105	50
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	20	10	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	450	295	150
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	25	10	15
61 Educational services	50	25	25
62 Health care and social assistance	130	40	90
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	30	20	10
72 Accommodation and food services	95	65	30
81 Other services (except public administration)	60	10	45
91 Public administration	90	45	40
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,695	975	720
English	395	255	140
French	415	230	185
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	815	470	345
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	15	30
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,695	975	720
Single responses	1,420	815	600
Official languages	1,415	815	600
English	680	410	270
French	735	405	330
Non-official languages	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	275	155	115
English and French	265	155	110
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,695	975	720
None	1,065	625	435
English	315	175	140
French	260	150	110
Non-official language	35	20	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	35	20	10
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	1,485	860	625
Worked at home	820	495	325
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	60	50	15
Usual place of work	595	305	285
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	595	305	290
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	480	245	235
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	25	15	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	80	40	40
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	660	355	300
Car, truck or van	340	190	150
Car, truck or van - as a driver	330	190	140
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	0	15
Public transit	140	80	55
Walked	150	70	75
Bicycle	15	0	10
Other method	10	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	660	355	300
Less than 15 minutes	100	60	45
15 to 29 minutes	295	160	135
30 to 44 minutes	165	95	70
45 to 59 minutes	45	25	25
60 minutes and over	50	20	30
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	660	355	300
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	30	20	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	85	45	35
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	180	100	75
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	180	80	100
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	140	85	55
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	45	25	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	130	65	65
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	50	25	25
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80	40	40
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	55	30	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30	15	15
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	30	15	15
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30	15	15

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 15, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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