Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24663486More information: Quebec [Dissemination area]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	2,281	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	1,755	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	1,492	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	14,436.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.16	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	2,280	1,210	1,070
0 to 14 years	135	70	65
0 to 4 years	85	45	40
5 to 9 years	40	15	20
10 to 14 years	15	5	5
15 to 64 years	2,050	1,095	955
15 to 19 years	35	20	20
20 to 24 years	235	110	120
25 to 29 years	515	260	255
30 to 34 years	420	220	200
35 to 39 years	290	175	120
40 to 44 years	165	90	75
45 to 49 years	120	70	55
50 to 54 years	110	70	40
55 to 59 years	100	60	40
60 to 64 years	60	30	30
65 years and over	100	50	45
65 to 69 years	45	20	25
70 to 74 years	25	10	15
75 to 79 years	20	15	5
80 to 84 years	5	0	0
85 years and over	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5.9	5.8	6.1
15 to 64 years	89.9	90.5	89.3
65 years and over	4.4	4.1	4.2
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	35.1	35.7	34.5
Median age of the population	32.4	33.2	31.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	1,490	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	60	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,430	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	1,495	...	...
1 person	880	...	...
2 persons	500	...	...
3 persons	75	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	2,280	1,210	1,070
Average household size	1.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	2,145	1,145	1,000
Married or living common-law	990	525	465
Married	500	260	240
Living common-law	490	265	230
Living common law - Never married	440	240	205
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	45	25	20
Living common law - Widowed	5	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	1,155	625	535
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,000	550	450
Not married and not living common law - Separated	35	15	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	110	55	55
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	5	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	515	...	...
2 persons	410	...	...
3 persons	75	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...
Average size of census families	2.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.4	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	515	...	...
Total couple families	480	...	...
Married couples	235	...	...
With children⁶	80	...	...
Without children	155	...	...
Common-law couples	240	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...
Without children	225	...	...
Total one-parent families	40	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	15	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	2,280	1,210	1,065
Total - Persons in census families	1,185	615	575
Married spouses or common-law partners	955	500	450
Parents in one-parent families	40	20	25
Children⁶	195	95	100
In a two-parent family	140	65	75
In a one-parent family	50	25	25
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,090	600	495
Living alone	880	475	410
Living with other relatives⁷	45	20	30
Living with non-relatives only	165	105	60
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	1,495	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	505	...	...
Couple-family households	465	...	...
With children⁶	90	...	...
Without children	375	...	...
One-parent-family households	40	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	95	...	...
One-person households	880	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	2,145	1,140	1,000
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,055	1,100	960
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,400	65,000	50,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,055	1,100	960
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	53,200	43,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,975	1,065	910
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,200	64,500	48,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,825	1,000	825
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,000	64,500	49,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,380	680	700
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	3,920	4,000	2,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	190	95	90
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,480	6,040
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	625	335	290
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	2,050	1,065	985
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,955	1,030	930
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	82,300	104,200	58,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,955	1,030	930
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,900	70,600	45,900
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,885	990	895
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	80,600	103,600	55,300
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,735	940	790
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	80,100	99,600	56,900
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,270	600	670
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,100	7,680	6,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	130	55	75
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,000	4,000	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	580	305	275
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,240	9,600	8,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	2,050	1,065	990
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,005	570	435
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	80,000	88,000	72,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	108,600	129,000	81,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	625	320	305
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	32,800	20,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,400	56,600	29,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	94.4	95.6	92.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	86.4	88.0	83.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	5.6	4.3	8.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	0.2	0.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.5	2.9	4.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.3	2.7	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	2,140	1,145	1,000
Without total income	85	45	45
With total income	2,055	1,100	955
Under $10,000 (including loss)	175	70	100
$10,000 to $19,999	145	70	80
$20,000 to $29,999	210	100	110
$30,000 to $39,999	185	80	100
$40,000 to $49,999	165	85	80
$50,000 to $59,999	180	85	95
$60,000 to $69,999	160	85	75
$70,000 to $79,999	155	85	70
$80,000 to $89,999	135	75	55
$90,000 to $99,999	95	45	50
$100,000 and over	455	310	140
$100,000 to $149,999	250	155	95
$150,000 and over	200	155	50
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	2,140	1,145	1,000
Without after-tax income	85	45	45
With after-tax income	2,060	1,100	960
Under $10,000 (including loss)	180	75	105
$10,000 to $19,999	160	75	80
$20,000 to $29,999	260	120	140
$30,000 to $39,999	205	90	115
$40,000 to $49,999	255	140	115
$50,000 to $59,999	255	135	120
$60,000 to $69,999	190	100	90
$70,000 to $79,999	150	75	75
$80,000 to $89,999	95	60	35
$90,000 to $99,999	65	40	20
$100,000 and over	240	180	65
$100,000 to $124,999	95	65	30
$125,000 and over	145	110	30
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	2,140	1,145	1,000
Without employment income	320	140	175
With employment income	1,825	1,000	825
Under $5,000 (including loss)	185	90	100
$5,000 to $9,999	105	60	50
$10,000 to $19,999	155	75	80
$20,000 to $29,999	115	55	55
$30,000 to $39,999	125	60	65
$40,000 to $49,999	120	55	65
$50,000 to $59,999	150	85	65
$60,000 to $69,999	135	70	70
$70,000 to $79,999	125	70	60
$80,000 to $89,999	125	70	60
$90,000 to $99,999	90	45	40
$100,000 and over	395	280	120
$100,000 to $124,999	140	90	55
$125,000 and over	255	185	65
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	2,145	1,140	1,000
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,995	1,055	940
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400	55,600	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,990	1,055	940
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	45,600	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,895	1,015	880
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,200	57,600	42,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,715	935	780
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,000	58,000	44,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,205	605	605
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,300	1,240	1,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	75	40	35
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,400	7,250	9,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	2,050	1,065	985
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,885	980	905
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	77,100	99,200	53,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,885	980	905
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,700	62,900	41,700
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,790	940	855
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	79,200	102,000	54,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,635	880	755
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	80,100	100,200	56,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,100	495	605
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,925	2,900	2,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40	20	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,600	8,000	11,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	2,050	1,065	990
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	985	545	435
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500	73,500	61,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	102,800	126,000	74,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	520	270	245
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,600	37,600	26,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	52,400	65,500	38,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	97.8	98.4	96.4
Employment income (%)	90.2	90.8	88.8
Government transfers (%)	2.2	1.5	3.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.3	0.2	0.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	1,495	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	880	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	615	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	1,395	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	115,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	775	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	78,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	615	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	162,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	1,495	...	...
Under $5,000	70	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	45	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	50	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	55	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	50	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	35	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	50	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	45	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	110	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	95	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	120	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	100	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	85	...	...
$100,000 and over	540	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	130	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	110	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	120	...	...
$200,000 and over	175	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	1,495	...	...
Under $5,000	70	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	50	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	50	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	70	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	50	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	40	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	95	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	70	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	145	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	145	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	125	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	85	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	70	...	...
$100,000 and over	385	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	140	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	85	...	...
$150,000 and over	160	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	535	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	380	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	95	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,045	575	465
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,400	57,600	54,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,800	47,600	45,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	535	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	168,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	375	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	110	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	244,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	940	485	455
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	75,400	88,000	61,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,900	62,800	48,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	2,280	1,210	1,070
0 to 17 years	145	80	70
0 to 5 years	100	50	50
18 to 64 years	2,035	1,085	950
65 years and over	95	50	50
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	355	180	180
0 to 17 years	30	15	20
0 to 5 years	20	5	15
18 to 64 years	315	160	150
65 years and over	15	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.7	14.9	16.6
0 to 17 years (%)	20.0	18.0	24.0
0 to 5 years (%)	20.0	16.0	28.0
18 to 64 years (%)	15.4	14.8	16.0
65 years and over (%)	14.0	12.0	16.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	2,280	1,215	1,065
0 to 17 years	145	75	65
0 to 5 years	100	50	50
18 to 64 years	2,040	1,090	950
65 years and over	95	45	45
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	315	160	150
0 to 17 years	25	10	15
0 to 5 years	20	10	10
18 to 64 years	280	150	135
65 years and over	10	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.9	13.5	14.4
0 to 17 years (%)	19.0	18.0	20.0
0 to 5 years (%)	20.0	16.0	28.0
18 to 64 years (%)	13.8	13.6	14.0
65 years and over (%)	8.0	x	10.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	2,280	1,210	1,070
In bottom half of the distribution	1,035	535	500
In bottom decile	375	190	180
In second decile	170	90	80
In third decile	135	65	75
In fourth decile	185	100	85
In fifth decile	170	90	80
In top half of the distribution	1,250	675	575
In sixth decile	170	90	85
In seventh decile	215	115	95
In eighth decile	200	100	95
In ninth decile	275	145	125
In top decile	390	220	170
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	2,280	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.431	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.481	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.373	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	7.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	2,285	1,215	1,070
English only	385	210	180
French only	130	65	60
English and French	1,750	930	820
Neither English nor French	20	10	10
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	2,285	1,215	1,070
English	890	460	430
French	1,175	655	525
English and French	205	95	110
Neither English nor French	20	5	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	2,285	1,215	1,070
Single responses	2,120	1,140	980
Official languages	1,445	825	620
English	450	250	200
French	995	570	425
Non-official languages	680	320	360
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	680	320	360
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	55	55
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	105	55	50
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	105	55	50
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	390	185	205
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	75	30	40
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	75	30	40
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5
Russian	40	15	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	10	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	5
German	10	5	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	5	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	80	35	40
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	5
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5
Gujarati	5	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	65	20	40
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	55	25	35
Dari	15	0	10
Iranian Persian	45	15	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	195	95	100
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	40	20	20
Portuguese	30	20	15
Romanian	30	15	15
Spanish	95	45	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	15	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	50	70
Chinese languages	115	50	70
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	90	40	55
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	5	0	5
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	160	75	85
English and French	65	30	30
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	25
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	2,285	1,215	1,070
English	475	260	215
French	750	415	340
Non-official language	160	75	85
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	160	75	85
English and French	370	215	160
English and non-official language(s)	235	105	130
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	245	120	120
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	2,285	1,215	1,070
Single responses	2,085	1,110	975
Official languages	1,770	965	805
English	790	430	365
French	980	540	440
Non-official languages	320	145	170
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	320	145	170
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	25	25
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	25	25
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	50	25	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	170	80	95
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	15	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	25	35
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	50	15	30
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	45	15	30
Dari	15	0	10
Iranian Persian	30	10	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	45	45
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5
Portuguese	20	10	10
Romanian	5	0	0
Spanish	60	25	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	30	45
Chinese languages	70	30	45
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	60	25	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	195	100	95
English and French	115	60	55
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	20
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	2,285	1,215	1,065
None	1,525	825	705
English	255	140	115
French	135	75	60
Non-official language	165	80	90
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	165	80	90
English and French	40	20	20
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	30
French and non-official language(s)	80	45	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	2,155	1,130	1,025
Official languages	2,135	1,120	1,015
English	2,005	1,065	945
French	1,750	920	830
Non-official languages	1,185	595	595
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,185	595	595
Afro-Asiatic languages	200	120	80
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	200	120	80
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	180	110	70
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	10	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	750	370	380
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	10
Balto-Slavic languages	60	30	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	60	30	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	10	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	50	20	30
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	15	20
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	30	15	20
German	30	15	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	145	90	55
Indo-Aryan languages	60	50	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	0
Hindi	25	15	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	15	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	25	25	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	85	40	50
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	40	15	25
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	55	30	25
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	50	25	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	530	250	275
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	105	45	60
Portuguese	60	35	30
Romanian	50	10	45
Spanish	395	195	200
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	10
Korean	30	0	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	180	80	100
Chinese languages	180	80	100
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	155	70	85
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	15	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,155	1,130	1,025
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	2,155	1,130	1,025
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,155	1,130	1,025
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,155	1,130	1,025
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	1,390	...	...
Owner	485	...	...
Renter	905	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	1,390	...	...
Condominium	1,295	...	...
Not condominium	95	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	1,390	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...
1 bedroom	880	...	...
2 bedrooms	435	...	...
3 bedrooms	25	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	1,390	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,280	...	...
5 rooms	65	...	...
6 rooms	25	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	1,390	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,365	...	...
More than one person per room	30	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	1,390	...	...
Suitable	1,300	...	...
Not suitable	90	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	1,390	...	...
1960 or before	105	...	...
1961 to 1980	10	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	30	...	...
2001 to 2005	85	...	...
2006 to 2010	160	...	...
2011 to 2015	275	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	1,390	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,375	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	1,390	...	...
One-maintainer household	920	...	...
Two-maintainer household	465	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	1,390	...	...
15 to 24 years	160	...	...
25 to 34 years	590	...	...
35 to 44 years	315	...	...
45 to 54 years	175	...	...
55 to 64 years	90	...	...
65 to 74 years	55	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,365	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	935	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	430	...	...
30% to less than 100%	325	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	1,390	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	515	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	405	...	...
Not suitable only	65	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	875	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	1,260	...	...
In core need	60	...	...
Not in core need	1,205	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	485	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	78.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,790	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	546,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,550	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,616	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	2,150	1,125	1,020
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	25	20	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	25	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	20	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	2,130	1,110	1,015
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	2,150	1,125	1,025
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,570	835	740
Canadian citizens aged under 18	100	65	35
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,470	770	705
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	580	295	285
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	2,150	1,125	1,025
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,070	555	520
Immigrants⁸¹	685	375	310
Before 1980	20	20	0
1980 to 1990	35	20	15
1991 to 2000	155	85	70
2001 to 2010	205	110	95
2011 to 2021⁸²	265	145	125
2011 to 2015	120	60	60
2016 to 2021	145	90	60
Non-permanent residents⁸³	395	195	200
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	685	375	305
Under 5 years	50	25	25
5 to 14 years	145	60	85
15 to 24 years	115	60	50
25 to 44 years	340	215	125
45 years and over	35	20	15
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	685	375	305
Americas	95	60	40
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	10	10	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	50	25	20
Europe	235	130	100
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	95	70	30
Germany	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	50	10	35
Russian Federation	15	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	25	10
Africa	60	35	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	30	15	15
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	15	0
Asia	290	145	145
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	50	25	20
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	20	10	10
China⁹⁰	95	35	55
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15
Taiwan	10	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	30	20	10
Pakistan	15	15	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	20	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	145	85	60
Americas	30	15	20
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	40	25	15
France	35	25	10
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	75	45	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	15	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	25	20	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	2,155	1,130	1,025
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,115	595	520
Second generation¹⁰¹	405	205	200
Third generation or more¹⁰²	635	330	305
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	665	360	305
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	490	270	220
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	230	150	80
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	265	125	140
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	100	45	55
Refugees¹⁰⁸	65	40	30
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	665	360	305
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	25	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	95	70	25
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	25	25	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	60	35	25
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	445	205	240
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	2,155	1,130	1,025
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	860	470	390
South Asian	115	80	35
Chinese	175	80	95
Black	85	50	40
Filipino	10	10	0
Arab	130	85	50
Latin American	120	60	65
Southeast Asian	45	25	15
West Asian	65	30	35
Korean	40	15	25
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	15	20
Multiple visible minorities	40	25	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,295	660	635
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	2,155	1,130	1,025
Canadian	245	130	115
English	95	40	55
Irish	100	50	55
Scottish	80	35	40
French, n.o.s.¹²²	450	250	200
German	70	10	55
Chinese	185	95	90
Italian	125	55	70
Indian (India)	50	35	15
Ukrainian	55	30	25
Dutch	15	0	0
Polish	15	10	10
Québécois	105	40	65
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	20	0	20
Filipino	25	10	10
French Canadian	75	45	30
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	80	45	35
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	20	10	10
Métis	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	20	10	15
Russian	35	10	25
Norwegian	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	0	10
American	0	0	0
Spanish	45	25	25
Swedish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	10	0
Acadian	0	0	0
Pakistani	15	15	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	20	20	0
Jewish	50	25	20
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	30	20
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	45	30	15
Greek	20	0	15
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	40	15	25
Romanian	50	10	40
Lebanese	25	10	15
Iranian	30	15	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0
Belgian	10	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	25	10	15
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	10	0	10
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	15	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	10	0	10
Egyptian	10	0	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	15	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	15	0	10
Moroccan	45	30	20
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	10	10	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	35	15	20
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	15	10	10
Brazilian	30	15	15
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	15	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	10	10
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	10	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	15	10
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	10	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	25	20	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	15	0	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	10	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	35	15	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	2,155	1,130	1,025
Buddhist	15	10	10
Christian	850	400	450
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	130	60	65
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	20	0	15
Baptist	0	0	0
Catholic	575	280	300
Christian Orthodox	100	30	70
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	15	10	0
Hindu	40	25	20
Jewish	55	25	25
Muslim	185	120	65
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	1,005	550	455
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	2,110	1,100	1,010
Non-movers	1,290	675	615
Movers	820	430	390
Non-migrants	550	275	275
Migrants	270	150	110
Internal migrants	190	110	75
Intraprovincial migrants	105	65	40
Interprovincial migrants	80	45	40
External migrants	80	45	35
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	2,065	1,075	990
Non-movers	340	190	155
Movers	1,730	890	835
Non-migrants	680	345	335
Migrants	1,045	545	505
Internal migrants	625	325	290
Intraprovincial migrants	450	240	210
Interprovincial migrants	170	85	85
External migrants	425	210	210
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,050	1,065	990
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	40	20	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,015	1,045	970
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,665	885	785
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,660	875	775
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,055	1,065	990
No certificate, diploma or degree	35	15	20
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	180	115	70
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,835	935	900
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	405	220	185
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30	25	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	20	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	290	150	140
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	80	50	35
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,430	715	720
Bachelor's degree	790	390	405
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	120	40	80
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	20	0	20
Master's degree	435	255	180
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	65	30	30
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,670	880	785
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	135	85	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,530	795	735
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	305	165	140
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30	20	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	15	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	210	100	105
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	70	50	25
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,220	630	595
Bachelor's degree	650	325	325
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	100	35	60
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	0	25
Master's degree	405	240	160
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	30	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	2,055	1,060	990
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	215	125	85
Education	30	0	25
13. Education	30	0	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	180	85	100
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	25	25
50. Visual and performing arts	130	55	70
Humanities	95	25	75
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50	15	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	15	0	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	280	100	175
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	15	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	85	25	55
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	35	0	30
45. Social sciences	105	50	60
Business, management and public administration	620	345	275
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	605	335	270
Physical and life sciences and technologies	70	20	50
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25	0	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	35	15	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	110	75	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	90	65	25
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	265	195	70
04. Architecture and related services	35	20	15
14. Engineering	195	145	55
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	20	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	15	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
Health and related fields	135	40	95
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	115	30	80
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	40	30	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	10	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	20	15	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,665	880	780
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	135	85	50
Education	20	0	20
13. Education	20	0	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	170	80	85
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	25	25
50. Visual and performing arts	115	55	60
Humanities	80	20	60
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	40	10	30
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	210	80	125
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	10	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	55	15	45
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	25	0	25
45. Social sciences	70	40	30
Business, management and public administration	530	295	235
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	520	285	235
Physical and life sciences and technologies	40	10	30
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	100	65	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	85	65	20
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	240	185	60
04. Architecture and related services	30	20	15
14. Engineering	185	135	50
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
Health and related fields	105	30	80
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	85	25	60
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	30	25	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	20	15	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	1,665	880	780
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	135	85	50
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,530	795	730
Location of study inside Canada	1,000	525	475
Same as province or territory of residence	875	465	410
Different than province or territory of residence	125	60	65
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	525	270	255
Americas	140	75	70
United States of America	70	35	35
Mexico	20	10	10
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	20	15	0
Colombia	15	0	10
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	275	145	130
Belgium	10	0	0
France	185	95	90
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	10	0	0
Switzerland	10	10	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	10	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0
Asia	85	40	45
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	30	20	15
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	10	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	2,055	1,065	990
In the labour force	1,710	945	765
Employed	1,605	875	730
Unemployed	105	70	30
Not in the labour force	340	120	225
Participation rate	83.2	88.7	77.3
Employment rate	78.1	82.2	73.7
Unemployment rate	6.1	7.4	3.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	2,055	1,060	990
Did not work¹⁸⁶	320	130	190
Worked	1,730	930	800
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	1,060	600	465
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	670	335	335
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.6	42.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	1,710	945	765
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	20	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	1,680	925	760
Employee	1,440	785	655
Permanent position	1,230	705	520
Temporary position	215	80	135
Fixed term (1 year or more)	115	65	55
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	95	15	80
Self-employed¹⁹²	235	140	100
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	1,710	945	765
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	20	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	1,680	925	760
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	45	25	20
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	470	260	210
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	300	240	65
3 Health occupations	80	0	75
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	150	45	105
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	200	120	80
6 Sales and service occupations	330	175	155
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	55	40	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	45	20	25
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	1,710	945	765
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	20	10
All industries¹⁹¹	1,680	925	760
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0
22 Utilities	10	10	0
23 Construction	50	30	20
31-33 Manufacturing	80	35	45
41 Wholesale trade	30	10	15
44-45 Retail trade	105	40	65
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	60	45	20
51 Information and cultural industries	190	130	60
52 Finance and insurance	250	155	95
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	45	20	20
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	425	255	175
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	60	35	20
61 Educational services	120	55	65
62 Health care and social assistance	105	10	90
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	45	35	15
72 Accommodation and food services	45	30	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	0	15
91 Public administration	45	20	20
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,810	980	830
English	485	275	210
French	370	175	195
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	885	500	390
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,810	980	830
Single responses	1,555	860	700
Official languages	1,540	860	685
English	780	440	340
French	765	415	340
Non-official languages	15	0	15
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	0	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	0	15
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	0	15
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	255	125	135
English and French	235	105	130
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,810	980	830
None	1,110	575	540
English	380	235	145
French	275	150	125
Non-official language	25	10	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	1,605	875	730
Worked at home	915	515	390
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	80	55	30
Usual place of work	610	305	310
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	610	305	310
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	500	240	260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	40	25	15
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	70	35	40
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	695	355	335
Car, truck or van	240	120	115
Car, truck or van - as a driver	225	120	105
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	0	10
Public transit	145	60	85
Walked	300	165	135
Bicycle	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	695	355	335
Less than 15 minutes	160	75	85
15 to 29 minutes	305	160	150
30 to 44 minutes	155	80	75
45 to 59 minutes	55	30	25
60 minutes and over	15	15	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	695	355	335
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	50	25	25
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	170	90	75
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	270	135	135
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	160	65	95
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	35	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	155	80	75
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	30	25
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	100	50	50
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	60	35	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30	15	15
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	30	20	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30	15	15

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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