Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24663460More information: Quebec [Dissemination area]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	2,648	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	2,331	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	1,716	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5,043.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.53	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	2,650	1,440	1,210
0 to 14 years	140	75	60
0 to 4 years	80	45	35
5 to 9 years	40	25	15
10 to 14 years	20	5	10
15 to 64 years	2,310	1,250	1,065
15 to 19 years	80	35	40
20 to 24 years	400	165	230
25 to 29 years	490	255	240
30 to 34 years	430	240	190
35 to 39 years	295	170	130
40 to 44 years	165	105	55
45 to 49 years	120	65	55
50 to 54 years	110	70	40
55 to 59 years	115	70	45
60 to 64 years	115	70	45
65 years and over	195	115	85
65 to 69 years	80	40	40
70 to 74 years	55	35	25
75 to 79 years	40	30	15
80 to 84 years	15	15	0
85 years and over	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	5	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5.3	5.2	5.0
15 to 64 years	87.2	86.8	88.0
65 years and over	7.4	8.0	7.0
85 years and over	0.2	0.0	0.4
Average age of the population	36.2	37.4	34.8
Median age of the population	32.4	33.6	30.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	1,720	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	30	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,690	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	1,715	...	...
1 person	1,040	...	...
2 persons	530	...	...
3 persons	95	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	2,620	1,405	1,210
Average household size	1.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	2,515	1,365	1,145
Married or living common-law	1,135	605	530
Married	595	305	285
Living common-law	545	295	245
Living common law - Never married	505	270	235
Living common law - Separated	5	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	40	30	15
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	1,375	760	615
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,195	665	530
Not married and not living common law - Separated	30	25	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	120	70	55
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	5	20
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	585	...	...
2 persons	450	...	...
3 persons	90	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...
Average size of census families	2.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.4	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	590	...	...
Total couple families	540	...	...
Married couples	265	...	...
With children⁶	105	...	...
Without children	160	...	...
Common-law couples	275	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...
Without children	255	...	...
Total one-parent families	45	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	40	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	2,615	1,410	1,210
Total - Persons in census families	1,370	710	665
Married spouses or common-law partners	1,080	570	515
Parents in one-parent families	45	10	35
Children⁶	245	130	115
In a two-parent family	180	100	80
In a one-parent family	60	30	30
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,250	695	550
Living alone	1,040	595	445
Living with other relatives⁷	45	20	30
Living with non-relatives only	160	85	75
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	1,715	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	565	...	...
Couple-family households	520	...	...
With children⁶	125	...	...
Without children	400	...	...
One-parent-family households	45	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	95	...	...
One-person households	1,040	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	2,480	1,330	1,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,310	1,255	1,065
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	60,400	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,310	1,255	1,065
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	49,200	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,160	1,185	975
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	60,400	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,825	1,030	795
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400	60,800	40,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,540	775	765
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,520	4,080	5,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	140	65	80
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,600	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	665	330	335
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	9,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	2,395	1,265	1,135
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,240	1,185	1,055
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	82,200	104,800	56,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,245	1,185	1,060
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,100	71,400	43,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,110	1,120	995
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	81,800	106,600	54,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,800	965	835
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,500	88,600	56,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,580	785	790
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,340	6,640	8,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	185	75	105
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,300	9,200	7,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	680	330	355
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	9,040	8,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	2,395	1,260	1,135
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	910	535	380
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,500	79,000	62,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	101,000	112,800	84,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	735	355	380
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	20,400	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	42,900	57,400	29,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	93.8	96.0	89.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.8	68.8	78.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	6.3	4.2	10.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.6	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.5	2.5	5.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.2	2.4	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	2,480	1,335	1,150
Without total income	165	80	85
With total income	2,315	1,250	1,060
Under $10,000 (including loss)	335	150	190
$10,000 to $19,999	215	95	115
$20,000 to $29,999	280	135	145
$30,000 to $39,999	185	80	100
$40,000 to $49,999	175	85	90
$50,000 to $59,999	155	75	75
$60,000 to $69,999	145	80	65
$70,000 to $79,999	130	75	50
$80,000 to $89,999	95	60	40
$90,000 to $99,999	100	60	40
$100,000 and over	500	355	145
$100,000 to $149,999	230	150	80
$150,000 and over	270	205	60
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	2,480	1,335	1,150
Without after-tax income	165	80	85
With after-tax income	2,315	1,250	1,060
Under $10,000 (including loss)	355	155	200
$10,000 to $19,999	230	105	125
$20,000 to $29,999	305	155	150
$30,000 to $39,999	235	95	140
$40,000 to $49,999	240	125	115
$50,000 to $59,999	195	120	75
$60,000 to $69,999	170	85	80
$70,000 to $79,999	140	95	40
$80,000 to $89,999	80	45	35
$90,000 to $99,999	50	30	20
$100,000 and over	315	240	75
$100,000 to $124,999	105	70	35
$125,000 and over	205	165	40
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	2,480	1,335	1,150
Without employment income	655	305	355
With employment income	1,820	1,030	790
Under $5,000 (including loss)	190	90	100
$5,000 to $9,999	135	65	65
$10,000 to $19,999	190	100	90
$20,000 to $29,999	140	75	70
$30,000 to $39,999	115	50	65
$40,000 to $49,999	110	60	50
$50,000 to $59,999	125	65	55
$60,000 to $69,999	130	65	65
$70,000 to $79,999	95	60	40
$80,000 to $89,999	80	50	35
$90,000 to $99,999	90	55	35
$100,000 and over	420	300	120
$100,000 to $124,999	145	95	50
$125,000 and over	275	205	75
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	2,480	1,330	1,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,175	1,180	990
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	49,200	29,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,175	1,180	990
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	41,600	27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,020	1,115	910
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	52,400	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,680	940	740
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	55,600	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,320	665	660
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,290	1,290	1,340
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	70	40	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,400	8,100	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	2,395	1,265	1,135
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,130	1,125	1,005
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	72,600	94,800	47,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,130	1,125	1,005
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,250	65,200	37,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,975	1,070	905
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	76,400	98,000	50,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,670	905	765
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	71,200	86,800	52,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,365	675	690
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,656	2,280	3,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65	30	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,800	7,200	8,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	2,395	1,260	1,135
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	880	520	360
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	64,500	56,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	87,400	100,000	69,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	605	285	320
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	36,000	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	53,400	76,000	33,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	97.6	98.4	95.6
Employment income (%)	76.8	73.6	83.6
Government transfers (%)	2.4	1.5	4.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.3	0.2	0.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	1,715	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,040	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	675	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	1,675	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,035	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	640	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	178,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	1,715	...	...
Under $5,000	205	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	40	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	50	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	70	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	65	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	55	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	50	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	65	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	60	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	90	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	80	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	80	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	85	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	75	...	...
$100,000 and over	605	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	100	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	130	...	...
$200,000 and over	205	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	1,715	...	...
Under $5,000	210	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	40	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	55	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	80	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	75	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	65	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	80	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	65	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	70	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	120	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	115	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	110	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	95	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	75	...	...
$100,000 and over	425	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	145	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	80	...	...
$150,000 and over	195	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	605	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	400	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	130	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,195	675	520
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	57,200	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	46,400	31,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	575	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	192,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	385	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	203,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	135,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	115	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	232,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,170	660	515
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	63,000	72,400	51,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,700	52,800	41,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	2,620	1,405	1,210
0 to 17 years	155	85	70
0 to 5 years	85	45	40
18 to 64 years	2,280	1,220	1,055
65 years and over	180	100	80
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	705	340	365
0 to 17 years	40	25	25
0 to 5 years	15	10	5
18 to 64 years	625	295	325
65 years and over	40	25	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	26.9	24.0	30.2
0 to 17 years (%)	28.0	24.0	32.0
0 to 5 years (%)	18.0	20.0	16.0
18 to 64 years (%)	27.3	24.0	31.1
65 years and over (%)	20.0	24.0	16.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	2,615	1,410	1,210
0 to 17 years	155	85	70
0 to 5 years	85	50	35
18 to 64 years	2,280	1,225	1,060
65 years and over	185	95	85
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	600	295	305
0 to 17 years	35	15	20
0 to 5 years	15	5	5
18 to 64 years	535	260	275
65 years and over	30	20	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	22.9	21.0	25.2
0 to 17 years (%)	22.0	20.0	28.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	12.0	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	23.5	21.0	26.2
65 years and over (%)	16.0	20.0	10.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	2,620	1,405	1,210
In bottom half of the distribution	1,340	675	665
In bottom decile	690	335	355
In second decile	190	95	95
In third decile	165	75	90
In fourth decile	155	85	70
In fifth decile	145	85	55
In top half of the distribution	1,275	735	545
In sixth decile	145	80	65
In seventh decile	215	115	100
In eighth decile	185	110	80
In ninth decile	275	155	120
In top decile	455	280	170
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	2,615	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.577	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.624	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.508	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	27.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	2,650	1,440	1,215
English only	685	350	335
French only	140	65	75
English and French	1,780	1,000	780
Neither English nor French	45	25	20
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	2,650	1,440	1,215
English	1,180	600	580
French	1,225	710	515
English and French	205	105	95
Neither English nor French	45	25	20
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	2,650	1,440	1,215
Single responses	2,450	1,325	1,125
Official languages	1,505	875	625
English	465	265	205
French	1,035	620	425
Non-official languages	945	445	500
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	940	445	500
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	90	55
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	145	90	55
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	145	90	55
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	5	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	395	195	200
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	50	15	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	50	15	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	10
Russian	30	10	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	15	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	10	10
German	15	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	80	40	40
Indo-Aryan languages	40	25	15
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	15	10	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	20	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	45	20	25
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	45	20	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	220	115	105
Catalan	5	5	0
Italian	40	20	15
Portuguese	50	25	20
Romanian	15	10	5
Spanish	110	55	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	5
Korean	25	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	270	100	170
Chinese languages	270	100	170
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	215	80	135
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5
Yue (Cantonese)	25	5	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	25	15	15
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	205	115	85
English and French	75	40	35
English and non-official language(s)	75	45	30
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	2,650	1,440	1,215
English	575	320	255
French	740	425	315
Non-official language	255	120	140
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	255	120	140
English and French	400	240	160
English and non-official language(s)	365	165	195
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	245	130	115
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	2,650	1,440	1,215
Single responses	2,405	1,310	1,095
Official languages	1,925	1,090	835
English	925	510	415
French	1,005	580	425
Non-official languages	480	220	260
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	480	220	260
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	40	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	40	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	60	40	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	195	95	105
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	10	15
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0
Russian	15	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	5
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	45	20	20
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	0	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	10	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	30	10	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	30	10	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	55	50
Catalan	5	5	0
Italian	15	5	5
Portuguese	30	15	15
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	60	30	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	15	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170	65	105
Chinese languages	170	65	105
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	145	50	90
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	5	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	5	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	245	135	110
English and French	125	70	50
English and non-official language(s)	80	35	45
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	2,650	1,435	1,215
None	1,750	970	775
English	325	170	150
French	165	85	80
Non-official language	205	110	100
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	205	105	100
English and French	35	20	20
English and non-official language(s)	60	35	30
French and non-official language(s)	75	40	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	15
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	2,530	1,325	1,205
Official languages	2,475	1,295	1,175
English	2,390	1,255	1,135
French	1,795	910	885
Non-official languages	1,485	705	780
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,485	705	780
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	140	95
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	235	140	95
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	220	135	85
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	25	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0
Vietnamese	55	20	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	25	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	745	360	385
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	15	0	15
Balto-Slavic languages	80	20	50
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	80	20	50
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	0
Russian	55	10	50
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	10	20
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	25	10	15
German	25	10	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	60	30	30
Indo-Iranian languages	155	85	70
Indo-Aryan languages	90	55	35
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	85	50	35
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	0	20
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	15	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	65	35	35
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	65	35	35
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	65	35	35
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	445	220	225
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	145	85	55
Portuguese	15	15	0
Romanian	20	0	15
Spanish	305	140	165
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	30	20	10
Korean	50	20	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	20	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	345	125	215
Chinese languages	345	125	215
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	280	110	175
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	10
Yue (Cantonese)	65	30	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	0	25
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	30	0	25
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,525	1,320	1,205
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	2,520	1,320	1,195
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,525	1,320	1,205
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,525	1,320	1,205
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	1,670	...	...
Owner	505	...	...
Renter	1,165	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	1,670	...	...
Condominium	1,620	...	...
Not condominium	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	1,670	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...
1 bedroom	1,035	...	...
2 bedrooms	430	...	...
3 bedrooms	55	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	1,670	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,515	...	...
5 rooms	100	...	...
6 rooms	45	...	...
7 rooms	10	...	...
8 or more rooms	10	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	1,670	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,620	...	...
More than one person per room	50	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	1,670	...	...
Suitable	1,535	...	...
Not suitable	140	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	1,670	...	...
1960 or before	175	...	...
1961 to 1980	60	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...
1991 to 2000	50	...	...
2001 to 2005	70	...	...
2006 to 2010	195	...	...
2011 to 2015	270	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	1,670	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,655	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	1,670	...	...
One-maintainer household	1,255	...	...
Two-maintainer household	405	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	1,670	...	...
15 to 24 years	330	...	...
25 to 34 years	660	...	...
35 to 44 years	305	...	...
45 to 54 years	145	...	...
55 to 64 years	150	...	...
65 to 74 years	50	...	...
75 to 84 years	25	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,595	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	770	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	825	...	...
30% to less than 100%	555	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	1,675	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	900	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	745	...	...
Not suitable only	70	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	75	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	775	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	1,325	...	...
In core need	75	...	...
Not in core need	1,250	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	510	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	45.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,490	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	776,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,170	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	54.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,780	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,832	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	2,525	1,320	1,200
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	35	25	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	35	25	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	25	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	2,485	1,290	1,200
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	2,525	1,325	1,200
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,605	845	760
Canadian citizens aged under 18	95	45	50
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,510	800	710
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	920	475	440
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	2,525	1,325	1,200
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,100	610	495
Immigrants⁸¹	825	395	435
Before 1980	35	25	10
1980 to 1990	70	35	30
1991 to 2000	135	60	80
2001 to 2010	210	100	110
2011 to 2021⁸²	375	175	200
2011 to 2015	165	90	80
2016 to 2021	215	85	120
Non-permanent residents⁸³	595	320	275
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	825	395	435
Under 5 years	80	30	55
5 to 14 years	160	65	90
15 to 24 years	160	80	85
25 to 44 years	350	180	170
45 years and over	80	40	40
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	825	395	435
Americas	110	45	65
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	20	0	10
Peru	15	10	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	45	20	25
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10
Europe	175	80	95
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	60	35	25
Germany	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	20	0	10
Russian Federation	20	10	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	0	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	15
Africa	100	60	35
Algeria	10	10	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	40	20	20
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	25	20
Asia	445	205	240
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	50	20	25
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	55	35	20
Syria⁸⁹	40	25	15
Turkey	10	0	10
China⁹⁰	135	50	80
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15
Taiwan	15	10	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	55	40	15
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	60	0	50
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	210	90	125
Americas	30	10	20
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	40	15	30
France	25	15	15
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	20	15	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	10	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	120	50	70
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	35	25	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	20	10	10
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	15
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	2,530	1,325	1,205
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,455	740	720
Second generation¹⁰¹	370	180	190
Third generation or more¹⁰²	695	405	290
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	795	370	425
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	625	280	340
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	295	145	150
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	325	135	195
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	125	55	70
Refugees¹⁰⁸	40	30	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	795	370	425
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	15	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	45	30	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	30	10	20
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	155	70	85
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	545	240	300
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	2,525	1,320	1,205
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,075	515	560
South Asian	130	80	50
Chinese	345	125	210
Black	80	45	35
Filipino	0	0	0
Arab	180	110	70
Latin American	95	40	55
Southeast Asian	95	45	50
West Asian	60	25	35
Korean	45	20	25
Japanese	15	10	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	25	15	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,450	805	640
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	2,525	1,325	1,200
Canadian	225	140	85
English	55	30	25
Irish	85	55	30
Scottish	65	35	25
French, n.o.s.¹²²	450	255	200
German	80	50	30
Chinese	330	130	200
Italian	170	100	70
Indian (India)	125	75	55
Ukrainian	25	10	15
Dutch	15	15	0
Polish	45	20	20
Québécois	70	25	50
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	35	20	15
Filipino	15	15	0
French Canadian	60	25	35
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	70	35	30
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	35	30	0
Métis	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	70	45	25
Russian	55	20	35
Norwegian	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Portuguese	45	20	20
American	15	10	0
Spanish	80	35	45
Swedish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	0
Acadian	10	0	0
Pakistani	10	10	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	35	20	15
Jewish	55	35	20
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	25	20
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	45	30	15
Greek	25	15	10
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	0	25
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	45	20	25
Romanian	20	0	20
Lebanese	75	55	25
Iranian	45	20	20
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	15	15	0
Belgian	0	0	0
Haitian	15	0	15
Hindu	30	15	15
Mexican	40	20	20
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	0
Japanese	15	10	10
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	10	10	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	20	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	10	0	10
Moroccan	30	15	15
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	15	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	10	10	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	25	10	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	30	10	20
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	10	10	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	15	0	15
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	15	10	10
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	55	45	15
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	10	10
Yoruba	10	10	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	10
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	10	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	0	10
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	10	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	10	10	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	2,525	1,320	1,205
Buddhist	20	10	10
Christian	805	395	410
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	120	35	85
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	10	10	0
Baptist	15	0	0
Catholic	535	290	245
Christian Orthodox	95	45	50
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	20	0	20
Hindu	75	40	40
Jewish	90	45	45
Muslim	210	105	100
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	30	15	15
No religion and secular perspectives	1,295	710	585
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	2,505	1,305	1,195
Non-movers	1,355	690	670
Movers	1,150	620	530
Non-migrants	695	355	340
Migrants	455	265	190
Internal migrants	240	135	105
Intraprovincial migrants	115	55	65
Interprovincial migrants	125	85	40
External migrants	210	125	90
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	2,450	1,280	1,170
Non-movers	435	260	175
Movers	2,010	1,020	1,000
Non-migrants	695	350	345
Migrants	1,320	665	655
Internal migrants	620	310	315
Intraprovincial migrants	380	170	215
Interprovincial migrants	240	140	100
External migrants	695	355	340
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,395	1,260	1,135
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	75	30	45
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,320	1,230	1,090
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,740	985	765
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	40	20	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,700	960	740
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,400	1,265	1,135
No certificate, diploma or degree	70	35	40
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	360	170	190
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,965	1,060	910
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	385	210	180
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	15	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	10	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	260	135	125
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	55	35
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,580	855	725
Bachelor's degree	830	465	375
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	125	55	70
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	105	65	45
Master's degree	465	260	205
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	45	10	35
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,740	980	760
No certificate, diploma or degree	35	20	15
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	135	85	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,575	875	700
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	290	150	135
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	15	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	0	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	180	95	85
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	75	40	30
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,285	720	565
Bachelor's degree	615	375	245
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	120	50	75
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	100	60	40
Master's degree	410	230	180
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35	10	30
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	2,395	1,260	1,135
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	430	205	225
Education	25	15	20
13. Education	25	15	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	135	70	70
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	10	10
50. Visual and performing arts	110	60	50
Humanities	105	30	70
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	15	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	25	10	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	330	165	160
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	65	0	60
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	90	55	30
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	40	10	25
45. Social sciences	130	95	35
Business, management and public administration	590	310	280
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	575	310	265
Physical and life sciences and technologies	135	65	65
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65	40	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	15	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	20	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	135	100	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	110	80	35
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	15	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	260	190	70
04. Architecture and related services	50	35	10
14. Engineering	195	135	60
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
Health and related fields	220	90	130
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	160	60	95
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	30	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	35	20	15
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	35	20	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,745	980	760
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	165	105	60
Education	15	0	15
13. Education	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	95	55	40
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	80	55	25
Humanities	60	15	45
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	15	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	260	120	140
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	65	0	60
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	60	35	30
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	35	10	20
45. Social sciences	90	75	20
Business, management and public administration	500	270	235
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	495	270	225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	85	55	40
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	50	30	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	20	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	120	95	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	110	80	25
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	210	160	50
04. Architecture and related services	45	30	10
14. Engineering	150	110	40
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
Health and related fields	185	85	100
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	125	55	75
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	30	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	30	15	15
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	30	15	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	1,745	980	760
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	165	105	60
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,575	875	700
Location of study inside Canada	1,010	555	455
Same as province or territory of residence	850	465	385
Different than province or territory of residence	160	90	70
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	565	320	245
Americas	150	75	75
United States of America	100	50	55
Mexico	25	20	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	10
Peru	10	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	215	150	70
Belgium	0	0	0
France	130	100	30
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	30	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	0	15
Africa	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	185	80	100
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	15	10
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20
Taiwan	10	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	15	10	10
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	30	10	20
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0
Oceania	10	10	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	2,400	1,265	1,135
In the labour force	1,815	1,020	795
Employed	1,625	920	705
Unemployed	185	100	90
Not in the labour force	580	240	340
Participation rate	75.6	80.6	70.0
Employment rate	67.7	72.7	62.1
Unemployment rate	10.2	9.8	11.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	2,395	1,260	1,135
Did not work¹⁸⁶	585	255	335
Worked	1,810	1,005	805
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	965	580	390
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	840	425	415
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.4	40.3	38.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	1,815	1,025	795
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	60	30	25
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	1,760	990	765
Employee	1,420	760	655
Permanent position	1,090	595	500
Temporary position	325	170	160
Fixed term (1 year or more)	210	130	85
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	115	40	80
Self-employed¹⁹²	340	230	110
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	1,815	1,025	795
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	60	30	25
All occupations¹⁹¹	1,760	990	765
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	90	90	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	405	200	205
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	345	265	80
3 Health occupations	180	80	105
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	185	105	80
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	155	65	90
6 Sales and service occupations	340	155	180
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	25	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10	10	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	1,815	1,025	795
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	60	30	25
All industries¹⁹¹	1,760	990	765
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0
22 Utilities	10	0	0
23 Construction	35	35	0
31-33 Manufacturing	30	15	15
41 Wholesale trade	75	55	25
44-45 Retail trade	80	40	40
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	30	15	15
51 Information and cultural industries	130	85	45
52 Finance and insurance	155	95	65
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	65	25	30
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	525	335	190
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	45	25	20
61 Educational services	90	35	55
62 Health care and social assistance	240	90	150
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	40	30	10
72 Accommodation and food services	110	55	60
81 Other services (except public administration)	45	20	30
91 Public administration	50	40	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,955	1,085	870
English	605	380	225
French	360	180	180
Non-official language	10	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	10	0
English and French	895	485	410
English and non-official language(s)	40	10	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	30
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,955	1,085	870
Single responses	1,645	920	730
Official languages	1,625	905	720
English	890	540	355
French	735	370	370
Non-official languages	20	10	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10
Chinese languages	10	0	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	310	165	145
English and French	300	165	135
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,955	1,085	870
None	1,265	735	530
English	375	180	195
French	250	145	105
Non-official language	45	15	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	15	30
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	1,625	925	705
Worked at home	870	490	380
Worked outside Canada	30	15	15
No fixed workplace address	55	40	20
Usual place of work	670	380	290
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	670	380	290
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	555	315	235
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	55	25	25
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	55	30	25
Commute to a different province or territory	10	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	730	420	305
Car, truck or van	265	145	125
Car, truck or van - as a driver	250	140	115
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	10	10
Public transit	185	95	90
Walked	225	145	75
Bicycle	15	0	10
Other method	35	30	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	730	420	305
Less than 15 minutes	225	150	75
15 to 29 minutes	255	140	115
30 to 44 minutes	150	65	85
45 to 59 minutes	60	40	25
60 minutes and over	40	25	15
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	730	420	305
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	15	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	55	40	15
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	185	110	75
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	265	165	100
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	120	65	55
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	85	30	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	155	85	70
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45	30	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	110	55	50
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	75	40	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	40	25	15
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	35	20	15
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35	20	20

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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