Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24663459More information: Quebec [Dissemination area]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	2,031	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	1,612	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	1,249	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6,687.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.30	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	2,030	1,035	990
0 to 14 years	150	60	80
0 to 4 years	70	40	30
5 to 9 years	45	10	35
10 to 14 years	30	15	20
15 to 64 years	1,755	910	850
15 to 19 years	105	50	55
20 to 24 years	530	250	280
25 to 29 years	345	190	150
30 to 34 years	260	135	125
35 to 39 years	160	95	65
40 to 44 years	115	70	45
45 to 49 years	65	30	35
50 to 54 years	55	30	30
55 to 59 years	65	30	30
60 to 64 years	60	25	35
65 years and over	125	70	60
65 to 69 years	45	25	20
70 to 74 years	30	15	15
75 to 79 years	20	10	10
80 to 84 years	20	5	5
85 years and over	10	10	5
85 to 89 years	5	5	0
90 to 94 years	5	0	5
95 to 99 years	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7.4	5.8	8.1
15 to 64 years	86.5	87.9	85.9
65 years and over	6.2	6.8	6.1
85 years and over	0.5	1.0	0.5
Average age of the population	32.7	33.0	32.4
Median age of the population	28.4	28.8	27.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	1,245	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	20	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,230	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	1,250	...	...
1 person	730	...	...
2 persons	390	...	...
3 persons	80	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,980	1,000	975
Average household size	1.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,885	975	910
Married or living common-law	700	345	360
Married	465	225	245
Living common-law	240	125	110
Living common law - Never married	205	110	100
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	20	15	10
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	5
Not married and not living common-law	1,180	625	555
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,055	580	475
Not married and not living common law - Separated	25	10	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	75	30	45
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	0	20
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	390	...	...
2 persons	275	...	...
3 persons	65	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	390	...	...
Total couple families	315	...	...
Married couples	195	...	...
With children⁶	85	...	...
Without children	105	...	...
Common-law couples	115	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...
Without children	110	...	...
Total one-parent families	80	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	65	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,980	1,000	975
Total - Persons in census families	960	450	510
Married spouses or common-law partners	620	315	305
Parents in one-parent families	80	15	65
Children⁶	255	125	135
In a two-parent family	160	85	75
In a one-parent family	100	40	60
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,015	550	470
Living alone	730	405	320
Living with other relatives⁷	70	40	35
Living with non-relatives only	215	110	110
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	1,250	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	385	...	...
Couple-family households	310	...	...
With children⁶	100	...	...
Without children	210	...	...
One-parent-family households	80	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	130	...	...
One-person households	730	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,830	940	890
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,640	850	790
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,200	35,600	26,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,640	850	790
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,200	32,400	25,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,465	755	705
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,600	38,800	21,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,145	615	530
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	43,200	22,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,270	635	635
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,000	3,480	4,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	110	45	55
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	535	275	260
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,880	1,040	835
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,675	955	725
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,050	59,900	53,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,675	955	725
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,600	43,800	41,100
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,455	815	640
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,650	64,400	53,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,175	690	485
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,500	66,000	52,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,255	700	560
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,980	6,520	7,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105	60	45
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,600	6,800	6,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	530	310	220
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,320	7,950	8,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,880	1,045	840
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	495	300	195
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000	90,000	64,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	103,200	114,000	86,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	515	295	225
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	22,200	12,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,700	28,600	26,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	90.8	92.0	89.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.4	80.0	66.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	9.2	8.0	10.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.7	0.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	4.6	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	4.4	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,835	940	895
Without total income	195	95	105
With total income	1,635	845	785
Under $10,000 (including loss)	370	170	200
$10,000 to $19,999	205	90	110
$20,000 to $29,999	265	130	130
$30,000 to $39,999	125	60	70
$40,000 to $49,999	100	45	50
$50,000 to $59,999	110	60	50
$60,000 to $69,999	80	40	45
$70,000 to $79,999	60	35	25
$80,000 to $89,999	65	40	30
$90,000 to $99,999	50	30	20
$100,000 and over	215	150	65
$100,000 to $149,999	110	80	30
$150,000 and over	100	75	30
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,835	940	895
Without after-tax income	195	95	105
With after-tax income	1,635	845	785
Under $10,000 (including loss)	380	175	200
$10,000 to $19,999	215	100	115
$20,000 to $29,999	260	125	135
$30,000 to $39,999	165	80	85
$40,000 to $49,999	145	70	70
$50,000 to $59,999	120	65	55
$60,000 to $69,999	80	50	35
$70,000 to $79,999	75	45	25
$80,000 to $89,999	45	35	10
$90,000 to $99,999	45	30	15
$100,000 and over	110	75	35
$100,000 to $124,999	45	30	15
$125,000 and over	65	45	20
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,835	940	895
Without employment income	690	325	365
With employment income	1,145	615	530
Under $5,000 (including loss)	230	95	135
$5,000 to $9,999	115	60	55
$10,000 to $19,999	135	65	70
$20,000 to $29,999	85	45	40
$30,000 to $39,999	65	30	35
$40,000 to $49,999	75	35	40
$50,000 to $59,999	70	45	25
$60,000 to $69,999	65	35	35
$70,000 to $79,999	40	20	15
$80,000 to $89,999	55	30	25
$90,000 to $99,999	45	35	15
$100,000 and over	175	125	50
$100,000 to $124,999	65	50	15
$125,000 and over	105	75	35
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,830	940	890
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,535	795	745
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	23,800	27,800	21,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,535	795	745
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	23,000	27,000	20,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,375	715	665
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,000	31,600	21,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,040	550	485
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	40,800	22,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,070	525	540
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,290	1,270	1,290
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	40	15	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,700	x	6,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,880	1,040	835
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,555	860	690
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,650	52,000	51,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,555	860	690
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,040	38,300	37,700
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,370	750	625
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,850	57,600	53,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,090	620	470
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,900	59,800	46,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,100	585	515
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,360	2,860	3,940
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30	0	15
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	13,000	...	20,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,880	1,045	840
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	465	275	195
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	80,000	44,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,000	96,000	67,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	440	235	205
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	25,000	15,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,400	39,600	28,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	95.4	96.4	94.0
Employment income (%)	73.2	83.0	61.6
Government transfers (%)	4.6	3.7	5.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	x	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	1,250	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	730	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	27,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	26,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	520	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	1,270	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	740	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	530	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	1,250	...	...
Under $5,000	205	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	70	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	45	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	70	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	70	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	35	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	50	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	40	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	70	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	60	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	55	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	55	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	45	...	...
$100,000 and over	275	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	85	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	55	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	60	...	...
$200,000 and over	75	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	1,250	...	...
Under $5,000	200	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	50	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	85	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	65	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	50	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	50	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	50	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	50	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	75	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	75	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	70	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	65	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	45	...	...
$100,000 and over	165	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	65	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35	...	...
$150,000 and over	70	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	420	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	210	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	100	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	80	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	950	515	435
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	24,200	26,200	21,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	23,400	25,200	21,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	435	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	230	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	149,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	95	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	950	575	370
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,300	39,000	55,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,600	31,400	39,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,980	1,000	975
0 to 17 years	155	65	90
0 to 5 years	80	40	40
18 to 64 years	1,700	870	835
65 years and over	125	70	60
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	850	410	440
0 to 17 years	65	30	35
0 to 5 years	25	10	15
18 to 64 years	755	360	390
65 years and over	30	20	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	42.9	41.0	44.8
0 to 17 years (%)	42.0	44.0	40.0
0 to 5 years (%)	32.0	32.0	36.0
18 to 64 years (%)	44.4	41.6	47.4
65 years and over (%)	22.0	28.0	16.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,975	1,000	975
0 to 17 years	150	70	85
0 to 5 years	85	40	40
18 to 64 years	1,695	870	830
65 years and over	125	65	55
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	725	355	370
0 to 17 years	55	25	35
0 to 5 years	25	15	15
18 to 64 years	655	325	330
65 years and over	15	10	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	36.8	35.8	38.0
0 to 17 years (%)	39.0	38.0	40.0
0 to 5 years (%)	32.0	32.0	36.0
18 to 64 years (%)	38.5	37.0	40.0
65 years and over (%)	12.0	18.0	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,980	1,000	975
In bottom half of the distribution	1,355	665	690
In bottom decile	825	395	425
In second decile	175	80	95
In third decile	115	60	60
In fourth decile	145	80	65
In fifth decile	100	50	45
In top half of the distribution	625	335	285
In sixth decile	105	50	55
In seventh decile	100	50	50
In eighth decile	110	60	50
In ninth decile	120	75	45
In top decile	195	105	90
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,975	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.571	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.636	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.516	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	102.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	2,030	1,040	995
English only	785	410	375
French only	95	45	50
English and French	1,115	565	550
Neither English nor French	35	15	20
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	2,030	1,040	995
English	1,140	570	570
French	640	355	285
English and French	220	100	125
Neither English nor French	35	15	20
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	2,030	1,040	995
Single responses	1,830	935	895
Official languages	900	495	410
English	385	195	190
French	525	305	225
Non-official languages	925	440	485
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	925	440	485
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	75	55
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	130	75	55
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	125	75	55
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	5	0	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	310	155	155
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	20	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	60	25	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	60	25	30
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	10	0
Russian	40	15	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	15	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	20	10	10
German	20	10	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	105	55	50
Indo-Aryan languages	30	20	15
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	0
Gujarati	5	0	5
Hindi	10	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	75	40	30
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	0	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	65	35	30
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	65	35	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	40	50
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	0
Portuguese	20	10	10
Romanian	15	5	5
Spanish	50	25	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	10
Korean	55	25	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	345	140	205
Chinese languages	345	140	205
Hakka	5	0	5
Mandarin	285	115	170
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	10	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	25	10	15
Uyghur	5	0	5
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	200	100	100
English and French	55	35	20
English and non-official language(s)	75	40	35
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	2,030	1,040	995
English	410	220	190
French	345	205	135
Non-official language	265	110	155
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	265	110	155
English and French	205	110	95
English and non-official language(s)	510	255	250
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	235	100	135
Multiple non-official languages	20	5	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	2,030	1,040	995
Single responses	1,760	915	850
Official languages	1,205	655	545
English	720	370	345
French	490	280	205
Non-official languages	555	260	300
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	560	260	300
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	45	40
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	85	45	40
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	80	40	40
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	0	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	155	75	85
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	35	10	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	10	20
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0
Russian	25	10	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	5
German	0	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	25	30
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	5	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	15	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	35	15	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	35	15	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	30	25
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	5
Romanian	5	5	0
Spanish	35	20	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	5
Korean	30	20	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	240	105	130
Chinese languages	240	105	130
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	205	90	115
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	265	120	140
English and French	75	40	35
English and non-official language(s)	115	50	70
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	2,030	1,040	995
None	1,215	635	585
English	280	150	125
French	100	50	50
Non-official language	255	130	125
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	255	130	125
English and French	50	20	30
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	35
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	2,000	1,095	900
Official languages	1,945	1,070	875
English	1,855	1,040	820
French	1,225	675	545
Non-official languages	1,340	700	640
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,340	700	640
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	175	110
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	265	160	105
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	255	150	100
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	20	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	40	25	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	30	15	15
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	510	285	220
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	95	40	50
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	95	40	50
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	80	30	50
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	20	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	35	20	10
German	35	20	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	20	0
Indo-Iranian languages	150	95	60
Indo-Aryan languages	70	30	40
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	0	0
Hindi	60	30	25
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	80	65	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	80	65	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	75	60	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	245	130	115
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	30	20	10
Portuguese	30	15	15
Romanian	20	0	15
Spanish	215	120	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	0	0
Korean	80	35	45
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	440	180	255
Chinese languages	440	180	255
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	395	160	235
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,000	1,100	905
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,985	1,090	895
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,000	1,100	905
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,000	1,100	905
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	1,270	...	...
Owner	450	...	...
Renter	815	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	1,270	...	...
Condominium	1,090	...	...
Not condominium	180	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	1,270	...	...
No bedrooms	85	...	...
1 bedroom	725	...	...
2 bedrooms	385	...	...
3 bedrooms	55	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	1,270	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,130	...	...
5 rooms	85	...	...
6 rooms	25	...	...
7 rooms	20	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	1,270	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,195	...	...
More than one person per room	70	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	1,270	...	...
Suitable	1,130	...	...
Not suitable	135	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	1,270	...	...
1960 or before	120	...	...
1961 to 1980	35	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...
1991 to 2000	45	...	...
2001 to 2005	65	...	...
2006 to 2010	320	...	...
2011 to 2015	255	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	400	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	1,270	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,240	...	...
Major repairs needed	30	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	1,270	...	...
One-maintainer household	945	...	...
Two-maintainer household	305	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	1,270	...	...
15 to 24 years	395	...	...
25 to 34 years	400	...	...
35 to 44 years	215	...	...
45 to 54 years	80	...	...
55 to 64 years	75	...	...
65 to 74 years	50	...	...
75 to 84 years	35	...	...
85 years and over	15	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,180	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	490	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	695	...	...
30% to less than 100%	380	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	1,270	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	775	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	605	...	...
Not suitable only	70	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	490	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	870	...	...
In core need	55	...	...
Not in core need	815	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	455	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	46.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,590	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,830	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	592,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	815	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	66.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,708	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,995	1,095	905
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,990	1,095	900
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,995	1,095	900
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	995	545	455
Canadian citizens aged under 18	65	35	25
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	930	505	430
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,000	555	450
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,995	1,095	900
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	625	365	260
Immigrants⁸¹	705	350	355
Before 1980	35	20	15
1980 to 1990	45	20	25
1991 to 2000	115	50	60
2001 to 2010	165	85	75
2011 to 2021⁸²	345	175	175
2011 to 2015	110	45	65
2016 to 2021	240	130	110
Non-permanent residents⁸³	670	375	290
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	710	350	355
Under 5 years	70	25	45
5 to 14 years	170	75	100
15 to 24 years	160	85	70
25 to 44 years	220	125	95
45 years and over	85	45	45
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	710	350	355
Americas	70	30	40
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	15	15
Europe	125	75	50
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	50	20	30
Germany	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	25	10
Africa	90	35	55
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	20	0	15
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	30	10	20
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	20	15
Asia	415	210	205
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	50	35	15
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	15	10
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10
Turkey	10	10	0
China⁹⁰	130	40	95
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10
Taiwan	20	10	10
Philippines	10	10	0
Viet Nam	15	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	25	10	15
Pakistan	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	35	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	235	130	110
Americas	20	20	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	55	40	15
France	35	15	15
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	20	0
Africa	45	25	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	20	10
Asia	120	45	75
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	45	10	35
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	20	10	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	2,000	1,095	900
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,420	740	680
Second generation¹⁰¹	250	125	125
Third generation or more¹⁰²	330	230	100
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	670	330	340
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	540	265	275
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	180	125	50
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	360	140	220
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	100	55	45
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	15	20
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	670	330	340
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	10	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	30	20	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	60	25	35
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	65	40	30
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	490	235	260
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	2,000	1,100	900
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,175	590	585
South Asian	85	40	45
Chinese	435	160	270
Black	105	65	35
Filipino	20	15	0
Arab	250	145	105
Latin American	55	30	30
Southeast Asian	30	10	20
West Asian	95	65	25
Korean	75	35	40
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	35	25	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	825	510	320
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	2,000	1,095	900
Canadian	145	75	60
English	50	25	25
Irish	65	45	25
Scottish	45	35	15
French, n.o.s.¹²²	285	210	80
German	55	40	15
Chinese	445	160	285
Italian	75	35	40
Indian (India)	80	45	35
Ukrainian	15	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0
Polish	25	15	10
Québécois	15	10	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	30	25	0
Filipino	25	20	0
French Canadian	15	10	10
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	30	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	30	15	15
Russian	45	20	25
Norwegian	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Portuguese	25	20	0
American	15	10	0
Spanish	60	35	25
Swedish	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	10	10
Acadian	0	0	0
Pakistani	15	0	15
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	20	10	0
Jewish	50	35	10
Punjabi	10	0	10
Vietnamese	25	15	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	90	55	35
Greek	20	20	0
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	10	10
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	75	35	40
Romanian	15	10	0
Lebanese	60	25	40
Iranian	35	20	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	20	15	0
Mexican	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	30	25	10
Egyptian	30	15	15
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	30	15	15
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	35	30	10
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	10	10	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	20	0	15
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	55	45	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	20	20	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	10	10	0
Brazilian	15	0	10
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	20	10	15
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	15	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	15	0	10
Congolese	10	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	10	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	2,000	1,095	905
Buddhist	20	10	15
Christian	585	305	280
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	105	50	55
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0
Catholic	380	205	180
Christian Orthodox	55	35	20
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0
Presbyterian	10	0	10
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10	0	10
Hindu	35	25	10
Jewish	60	45	15
Muslim	300	180	120
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	995	530	465
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,985	1,085	905
Non-movers	1,335	735	600
Movers	655	355	305
Non-migrants	340	205	140
Migrants	320	150	170
Internal migrants	150	75	75
Intraprovincial migrants	30	10	15
Interprovincial migrants	120	60	65
External migrants	165	75	90
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,935	1,065	870
Non-movers	335	195	140
Movers	1,600	870	730
Non-migrants	335	180	160
Migrants	1,265	690	570
Internal migrants	530	275	255
Intraprovincial migrants	200	115	80
Interprovincial migrants	330	160	175
External migrants	735	415	320
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,880	1,045	835
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	45	25	25
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,835	1,020	815
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,135	655	480
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20	15	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,115	645	470
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,875	1,040	835
No certificate, diploma or degree	40	15	20
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	355	175	180
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,485	845	640
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	320	195	120
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	45	30	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	25	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	230	145	85
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	45	20	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,165	650	520
Bachelor's degree	655	360	295
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	90	40	55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	55	25
Master's degree	295	165	130
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	45	35	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,140	660	485
No certificate, diploma or degree	15	10	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	90	50	35
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,035	595	440
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	155	90	70
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	25	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	15	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	90	50	35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	15	25
Bachelor's degree or higher	875	505	370
Bachelor's degree	415	230	180
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	85	30	50
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	65	50	15
Master's degree	290	165	120
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	25	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,880	1,040	840
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	395	195	200
Education	30	0	30
13. Education	30	0	30
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	120	65	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	30	10
50. Visual and performing arts	80	35	40
Humanities	55	15	45
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	15	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	180	90	90
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	45	25	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0
42. Psychology	30	10	20
45. Social sciences	70	45	30
Business, management and public administration	380	220	155
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	370	220	150
Physical and life sciences and technologies	135	85	55
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	20	40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	20	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	145	105	45
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	120	90	35
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	15	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	195	145	50
04. Architecture and related services	20	0	20
14. Engineering	150	130	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	20	10	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	15	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
Health and related fields	225	110	115
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	25	25	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	165	65	100
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	25	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,140	655	480
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	105	60	45
Education	25	0	25
13. Education	25	0	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	105	60	40
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	30	10
50. Visual and performing arts	70	30	30
Humanities	50	15	35
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	120	65	55
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	30	20	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	10
42. Psychology	15	0	10
45. Social sciences	45	25	15
Business, management and public administration	275	155	115
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	265	155	110
Physical and life sciences and technologies	65	40	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	50	20	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	115	95	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	105	80	25
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	125	85	40
04. Architecture and related services	25	0	25
14. Engineering	95	75	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
Health and related fields	150	70	85
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	15	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	110	35	70
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	25	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	1,140	655	480
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	105	60	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,035	595	440
Location of study inside Canada	590	345	245
Same as province or territory of residence	455	255	200
Different than province or territory of residence	135	85	45
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	445	250	195
Americas	65	35	25
United States of America	20	20	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	10
Europe	200	135	65
Belgium	0	0	0
France	130	90	40
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	0
Africa	20	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	145	65	85
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	30	10	25
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	25
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	15	10	10
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	15	20
Oceania	10	0	10
Australia	10	0	10
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,875	1,040	835
In the labour force	1,225	725	500
Employed	1,035	660	380
Unemployed	190	70	120
Not in the labour force	655	320	335
Participation rate	65.3	69.7	59.9
Employment rate	55.2	63.5	45.5
Unemployment rate	15.5	9.7	24.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,880	1,040	840
Did not work¹⁸⁶	765	390	375
Worked	1,115	650	465
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	545	330	220
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	570	325	245
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.5	39.0	37.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	1,225	725	500
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	75	30	50
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	1,150	695	450
Employee	960	555	405
Permanent position	600	330	270
Temporary position	360	225	135
Fixed term (1 year or more)	200	145	60
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	160	80	75
Self-employed¹⁹²	190	140	50
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	1,225	725	500
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	75	30	50
All occupations¹⁹¹	1,150	695	450
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	40	30	10
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	225	115	110
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	220	170	55
3 Health occupations	90	45	40
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	165	75	90
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	150	90	55
6 Sales and service occupations	210	130	80
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	40	35	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	1,225	725	500
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	75	30	50
All industries¹⁹¹	1,150	695	450
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0
22 Utilities	10	10	0
23 Construction	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	55	25	35
41 Wholesale trade	30	20	10
44-45 Retail trade	95	55	35
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	15	10
51 Information and cultural industries	110	85	25
52 Finance and insurance	105	65	40
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	40	15	20
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	315	215	95
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	0	0
61 Educational services	125	50	75
62 Health care and social assistance	110	65	50
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	15	0	10
72 Accommodation and food services	40	20	25
81 Other services (except public administration)	25	20	0
91 Public administration	35	20	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,290	755	540
English	540	300	235
French	140	90	50
Non-official language	20	0	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	0	15
English and French	485	315	165
English and non-official language(s)	55	25	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	15	30
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,290	755	540
Single responses	1,105	640	470
Official languages	1,080	630	450
English	780	450	335
French	295	185	115
Non-official languages	25	10	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	10	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10
Chinese languages	15	0	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	185	115	75
English and French	135	95	40
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,290	755	540
None	850	500	350
English	160	100	65
French	225	135	90
Non-official language	55	25	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	55	25	35
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	1,040	655	380
Worked at home	545	325	215
Worked outside Canada	20	20	0
No fixed workplace address	50	50	0
Usual place of work	425	265	165
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	425	260	165
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	330	195	140
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	25	20	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	65	50	10
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	475	310	160
Car, truck or van	185	130	50
Car, truck or van - as a driver	160	130	35
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	20	0	15
Public transit	120	60	60
Walked	125	80	45
Bicycle	20	15	0
Other method	30	25	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	475	310	160
Less than 15 minutes	100	75	30
15 to 29 minutes	200	135	65
30 to 44 minutes	115	65	50
45 to 59 minutes	35	25	10
60 minutes and over	20	15	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	475	310	160
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	45	30	15
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	145	95	45
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	150	95	60
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	90	70	25
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	25	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	155	70	85
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	70	30	35
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	40	50
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	85	25	50
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	50	20	25
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	45	20	25
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35	5	30

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 15, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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