Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24663455More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24662556More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24661106More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	2,704	...	...	475	...	...	5,477	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	1,646	...	...	257	...	...	5,006	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	1,453	...	...	239	...	...	3,510	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	17,366.7	...	...	11,309.5	...	...	15,067.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.16	...	...	0.04	...	...	0.36	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	2,705	1,340	1,370	475	220	255	5,475	2,780	2,695
0 to 14 years	295	135	160	60	35	25	335	165	175
0 to 4 years	140	60	80	20	10	5	130	55	80
5 to 9 years	95	50	40	20	10	10	100	60	40
10 to 14 years	65	25	40	25	15	10	105	50	60
15 to 64 years	2,295	1,140	1,160	275	130	150	4,930	2,505	2,425
15 to 19 years	115	60	55	20	10	15	320	165	160
20 to 24 years	330	155	170	25	5	20	1,285	630	650
25 to 29 years	490	230	260	20	10	10	1,115	585	525
30 to 34 years	450	240	210	20	10	5	835	455	375
35 to 39 years	280	155	125	40	15	20	370	185	180
40 to 44 years	190	95	100	20	5	10	245	120	125
45 to 49 years	140	55	80	30	15	20	245	110	140
50 to 54 years	110	55	60	35	20	15	205	90	115
55 to 59 years	100	50	50	30	15	15	190	90	100
60 to 64 years	90	40	45	35	15	15	125	65	60
65 years and over	110	60	45	145	60	80	210	110	100
65 to 69 years	50	30	20	25	10	10	85	55	35
70 to 74 years	35	20	15	35	15	20	55	25	25
75 to 79 years	10	5	10	25	10	15	30	15	15
80 to 84 years	5	5	0	25	10	15	5	5	5
85 years and over	5	5	5	30	10	20	30	5	20
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	25	5	20	5	5	5
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0	0	5	20	5	10
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10.9	10.1	11.7	12.6	15.9	9.8	6.1	5.9	6.5
15 to 64 years	84.8	85.1	84.7	57.9	59.1	58.8	90.0	90.1	90.0
65 years and over	4.1	4.5	3.3	30.5	27.3	31.4	3.8	4.0	3.7
85 years and over	0.2	0.4	0.4	6.3	4.5	7.8	0.5	0.2	0.7
Average age of the population	33.2	33.6	32.8	48.9	46.8	50.6	32.0	31.9	32.1
Median age of the population	31.2	31.6	30.8	50.4	49.2	52.0	28.4	28.6	28.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	1,455	...	...	240	...	...	3,510	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	45	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	100	...	...	195	...	...	250	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,350	...	...	0	...	...	3,240	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	1,450	...	...	240	...	...	3,510	...	...
1 person	660	...	...	115	...	...	2,165	...	...
2 persons	500	...	...	70	...	...	975	...	...
3 persons	190	...	...	25	...	...	245	...	...
4 persons	75	...	...	20	...	...	85	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	15	...	...	35	...	...
Number of persons in private households	2,705	1,340	1,370	475	220	250	5,395	2,740	2,655
Average household size	1.9	...	...	2.0	...	...	1.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	2,405	1,200	1,210	415	190	230	5,140	2,615	2,525
Married or living common-law	1,190	600	590	190	95	95	1,825	915	905
Married	850	430	425	180	90	90	1,295	645	650
Living common-law	340	170	170	15	10	10	530	270	255
Living common law - Never married	305	150	150	10	5	5	485	250	235
Living common law - Separated	5	5	0	5	5	0	10	0	5
Living common law - Divorced	30	20	15	0	0	0	35	20	15
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	1,215	600	615	225	90	135	3,315	1,700	1,620
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,025	520	500	130	60	65	2,965	1,565	1,395
Not married and not living common law - Separated	40	25	15	15	5	10	95	35	60
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	125	50	80	35	15	15	210	80	130
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	5	20	45	0	40	50	15	35
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	665	...	...	120	...	...	975	...	...
2 persons	400	...	...	65	...	...	665	...	...
3 persons	160	...	...	25	...	...	205	...	...
4 persons	70	...	...	20	...	...	75	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	10	...	...	35	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	665	...	...	125	...	...	975	...	...
Total couple families	570	...	...	90	...	...	795	...	...
Married couples	400	...	...	85	...	...	530	...	...
With children⁶	205	...	...	40	...	...	255	...	...
Without children	195	...	...	45	...	...	275	...	...
Common-law couples	170	...	...	10	...	...	265	...	...
With children⁶	30	...	...	5	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	145	...	...	5	...	...	250	...	...
Total one-parent families	95	...	...	35	...	...	185	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	80	...	...	20	...	...	155	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	15	...	...	10	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	2,705	1,335	1,370	475	220	250	5,395	2,740	2,655
Total - Persons in census families	1,740	830	915	345	160	180	2,420	1,155	1,260
Married spouses or common-law partners	1,135	575	560	185	95	95	1,585	810	775
Parents in one-parent families	100	20	75	30	5	25	180	25	160
Children⁶	510	235	275	130	65	70	650	320	330
In a two-parent family	370	170	200	85	45	40	415	200	215
In a one-parent family	140	65	80	45	20	25	230	115	120
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	965	510	455	130	60	70	2,975	1,585	1,395
Living alone	655	355	300	110	50	60	2,160	1,150	1,015
Living with other relatives⁷	140	75	70	15	10	5	285	130	155
Living with non-relatives only	165	80	80	0	0	0	525	310	220
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	1,450	...	...	240	...	...	3,510	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	640	...	...	120	...	...	950	...	...
Couple-family households	550	...	...	85	...	...	775	...	...
With children⁶	230	...	...	40	...	...	270	...	...
Without children	325	...	...	45	...	...	510	...	...
One-parent-family households	90	...	...	30	...	...	175	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	15	...	...	0	...	...	15	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	130	...	...	5	...	...	375	...	...
One-person households	655	...	...	110	...	...	2,165	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	2,405	1,200	1,205	420	190	230	5,060	2,575	2,485
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,220	1,120	1,090	400	180	220	4,290	2,160	2,140
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,200	35,600	32,400	37,200	29,600	26,800	31,000	23,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,220	1,120	1,095	400	180	220	4,290	2,160	2,140
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	32,000	30,600	34,000	28,000	25,000	29,200	22,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,050	1,045	995	340	150	185	3,765	1,905	1,860
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,600	27,600	26,000	33,200	15,900	21,200	29,600	17,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,850	970	885	240	115	130	3,015	1,560	1,455
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	43,600	31,800	29,600	37,600	23,800	26,800	38,000	19,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,690	820	870	355	160	200	3,390	1,610	1,775
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,080	6,080	14,100	14,300	14,000	4,080	4,200	4,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	220	110	110	35	15	15	225	115	110
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,000	6,000	6,280	x	x	5,480	5,600	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	745	385	365	120	50	65	1,550	790	760
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	10,000	10,300	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	2,315	1,155	1,160	420	170	250	4,780	2,430	2,350
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,140	1,075	1,065	420	170	250	4,180	2,095	2,085
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,960	56,100	39,800	44,000	56,800	35,600	49,280	63,800	34,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,140	1,075	1,065	420	170	250	4,180	2,095	2,085
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,440	45,000	33,800	35,800	44,000	30,200	37,840	46,400	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,965	1,005	955	380	150	225	3,690	1,855	1,835
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,280	54,200	36,000	37,600	52,000	28,200	49,560	65,900	33,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,745	935	805	280	115	165	3,010	1,545	1,465
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,160	54,400	38,700	46,000	63,000	34,400	53,850	70,800	35,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,635	800	840	340	130	210	3,330	1,610	1,720
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,420	7,360	9,420	12,360	13,000	12,000	6,990	7,230	6,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	220	115	105	30	0	20	225	125	105
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	5,800	10,400	6,400	...	4,500	6,080	6,300	5,900
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	710	390	320	95	45	55	1,500	795	705
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600	8,440	8,800	9,000	9,200	8,800	9,010	9,100	8,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	2,320	1,155	1,165	420	165	250	4,780	2,430	2,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	840	475	365	135	60	80	1,215	710	515
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	74,000	55,600	54,400	62,000	45,600	64,500	69,000	51,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,000	81,600	59,400	74,000	100,000	56,000	97,000	120,400	64,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	780	390	390	125	55	65	1,320	635	685
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	21,600	14,000	22,200	30,200	18,600	12,600	13,500	12,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,300	29,600	23,000	22,000	26,000	18,000	25,760	29,000	22,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.6	90.4	81.2	77.5	84.0	72.0	88.6	91.2	83.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	80.0	84.8	73.6	69.0	74.0	64.0	78.6	82.0	72.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.4	9.8	18.6	22.8	17.5	28.4	11.3	8.7	16.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.1	2.6	1.0	x	1.0	0.7	0.6	0.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.5	5.9	7.4	5.7	4.8	6.5	7.0	5.7	9.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.0	5.5	6.7	4.8	4.4	5.2	6.6	5.4	8.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	2,405	1,200	1,210	415	190	230	5,060	2,575	2,485
Without total income	190	75	110	15	5	5	765	420	345
With total income	2,215	1,125	1,095	405	185	225	4,295	2,155	2,135
Under $10,000 (including loss)	310	135	180	35	15	15	1,055	485	565
$10,000 to $19,999	255	115	140	60	25	40	650	275	375
$20,000 to $29,999	300	150	155	90	40	55	610	290	320
$30,000 to $39,999	270	125	145	55	20	35	430	200	235
$40,000 to $49,999	215	95	120	50	30	20	310	145	170
$50,000 to $59,999	200	105	100	35	20	20	215	95	115
$60,000 to $69,999	150	75	75	30	15	15	220	140	75
$70,000 to $79,999	110	55	55	10	5	5	165	95	75
$80,000 to $89,999	120	75	45	15	5	10	105	65	40
$90,000 to $99,999	80	50	25	10	5	0	85	50	40
$100,000 and over	200	145	55	10	10	0	435	315	120
$100,000 to $149,999	140	100	45	5	10	0	220	150	70
$150,000 and over	60	45	15	0	0	0	220	170	45
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	2,405	1,200	1,210	415	190	230	5,060	2,575	2,485
Without after-tax income	185	75	105	15	5	5	765	420	345
With after-tax income	2,220	1,125	1,100	405	185	225	4,295	2,155	2,135
Under $10,000 (including loss)	325	135	185	35	15	20	1,070	490	580
$10,000 to $19,999	270	125	150	65	25	40	665	280	385
$20,000 to $29,999	345	170	180	100	40	60	700	340	360
$30,000 to $39,999	330	155	170	70	40	35	495	220	275
$40,000 to $49,999	275	140	135	55	30	30	355	180	180
$50,000 to $59,999	205	100	105	35	15	20	285	165	120
$60,000 to $69,999	185	100	80	20	10	10	190	115	75
$70,000 to $79,999	105	70	40	10	5	10	125	80	40
$80,000 to $89,999	65	45	15	0	0	0	80	40	35
$90,000 to $99,999	40	25	15	5	0	0	60	35	25
$100,000 and over	75	50	20	0	0	0	270	210	60
$100,000 to $124,999	40	20	20	0	0	0	100	80	20
$125,000 and over	30	30	0	0	0	0	170	130	35
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	2,405	1,200	1,210	415	190	230	5,060	2,575	2,485
Without employment income	555	230	325	175	75	100	2,045	1,015	1,030
With employment income	1,855	970	880	245	115	125	3,015	1,560	1,455
Under $5,000 (including loss)	255	115	140	30	15	20	515	220	295
$5,000 to $9,999	170	85	85	25	5	20	360	185	180
$10,000 to $19,999	230	105	125	35	10	20	475	215	260
$20,000 to $29,999	160	80	80	35	20	15	220	95	125
$30,000 to $39,999	145	65	75	25	15	10	200	80	120
$40,000 to $49,999	165	80	85	35	15	15	200	105	95
$50,000 to $59,999	150	75	75	15	10	5	165	85	80
$60,000 to $69,999	120	65	55	20	10	10	185	120	60
$70,000 to $79,999	110	50	60	0	0	0	140	80	60
$80,000 to $89,999	105	75	30	10	0	5	80	50	35
$90,000 to $99,999	60	40	25	5	0	0	90	50	35
$100,000 and over	185	130	50	10	5	0	385	275	105
$100,000 to $124,999	85	65	20	0	0	0	110	75	35
$125,000 and over	95	65	30	10	5	0	270	205	70
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	2,405	1,200	1,205	420	190	230	5,060	2,575	2,485
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,085	1,055	1,030	390	180	215	3,995	2,000	2,000
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	37,200	27,800	28,400	32,800	25,800	20,000	23,200	17,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,085	1,055	1,030	390	180	215	3,995	2,000	2,000
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	33,200	26,800	27,000	29,800	24,400	19,600	22,400	17,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,915	980	935	335	155	180	3,570	1,805	1,765
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,800	28,200	26,600	33,600	21,400	20,800	26,600	16,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,720	900	820	235	115	120	2,770	1,425	1,340
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	39,600	31,000	33,200	35,200	30,400	25,200	30,400	19,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,470	705	770	330	145	185	2,870	1,345	1,520
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,380	1,290	1,450	8,900	5,280	10,200	1,290	1,290	1,290
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	120	55	70	25	10	15	80	30	50
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,320	4,080	4,920	4,600	x	x	5,680	5,120	6,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	2,315	1,155	1,160	420	170	250	4,780	2,430	2,350
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,975	995	970	400	165	235	3,770	1,915	1,860
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,440	47,800	36,900	40,800	50,000	34,400	43,480	55,050	31,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,975	995	970	400	165	235	3,770	1,915	1,860
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,120	38,800	31,300	34,200	39,600	30,200	33,440	39,960	26,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,820	935	880	370	150	215	3,390	1,760	1,625
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,760	49,000	36,200	37,000	49,000	28,800	46,080	57,850	33,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,615	865	745	260	105	155	2,710	1,410	1,295
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,080	49,500	37,800	46,400	63,000	35,000	50,040	62,450	36,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,400	675	730	315	125	185	2,750	1,295	1,450
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,216	2,795	5,530	8,800	7,700	9,600	2,848	2,584	3,084
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	135	65	70	20	0	0	45	20	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,700	5,200	8,000	5,200	...	...	10,800	8,500	13,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	2,320	1,155	1,165	420	165	250	4,780	2,430	2,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	785	445	335	135	60	80	1,160	670	490
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	59,600	46,400	45,200	59,200	44,000	49,200	52,800	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,000	69,200	55,000	64,000	84,000	50,000	79,200	96,000	56,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	650	335	310	110	45	65	1,085	530	550
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	24,400	18,000	29,800	38,800	23,000	17,000	17,200	16,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,600	31,800	27,400	28,000	36,000	22,000	31,250	36,600	26,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.0	96.0	88.8	83.0	88.0	77.0	95.2	96.8	92.4
Employment income (%)	85.2	90.0	78.8	73.0	78.0	68.0	82.6	83.8	80.6
Government transfers (%)	7.1	3.9	11.2	17.2	11.6	22.8	4.8	3.2	7.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.6	0.7	x	x	0.3	0.2	0.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	1,450	...	...	240	...	...	3,510	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	52,800	...	...	30,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	46,400	...	...	28,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	655	...	...	110	...	...	2,165	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	34,400	...	...	21,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	30,400	...	...	21,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	795	...	...	125	...	...	1,345	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	52,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,500	...	...	49,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	1,395	...	...	240	...	...	3,360	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,600	...	...	78,000	...	...	61,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,500	...	...	63,200	...	...	47,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	655	...	...	90	...	...	2,075	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...	46,000	...	...	41,480	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	37,000	...	...	32,880	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	745	...	...	145	...	...	1,290	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,800	...	...	98,000	...	...	93,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,400	...	...	80,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	1,455	...	...	235	...	...	3,510	...	...
Under $5,000	115	...	...	10	...	...	770	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0	...	...	205	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	35	...	...	5	...	...	175	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	55	...	...	5	...	...	230	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	50	...	...	25	...	...	205	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	55	...	...	15	...	...	155	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	50	...	...	10	...	...	135	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	70	...	...	15	...	...	135	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	55	...	...	20	...	...	110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	50	...	...	10	...	...	100	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	120	...	...	25	...	...	195	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	115	...	...	15	...	...	195	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	90	...	...	15	...	...	155	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	115	...	...	15	...	...	100	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	80	...	...	20	...	...	85	...	...
$100,000 and over	360	...	...	45	...	...	550	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	125	...	...	15	...	...	150	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	90	...	...	15	...	...	110	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	85	...	...	10	...	...	110	...	...
$200,000 and over	55	...	...	5	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	1,455	...	...	235	...	...	3,510	...	...
Under $5,000	115	...	...	10	...	...	780	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0	...	...	205	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	35	...	...	5	...	...	170	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	60	...	...	5	...	...	240	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	65	...	...	25	...	...	230	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	60	...	...	15	...	...	175	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	70	...	...	15	...	...	150	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	80	...	...	15	...	...	155	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	70	...	...	15	...	...	105	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	60	...	...	10	...	...	160	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	135	...	...	20	...	...	260	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	155	...	...	15	...	...	180	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	115	...	...	20	...	...	135	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	90	...	...	20	...	...	85	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	60	...	...	10	...	...	90	...	...
$100,000 and over	245	...	...	25	...	...	380	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	125	...	...	15	...	...	135	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	55	...	...	5	...	...	80	...	...
$150,000 and over	60	...	...	5	...	...	175	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	725	...	...	130	...	...	1,110	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	58,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...	53,600	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	330	...	...	45	...	...	520	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	71,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	61,200	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	235	...	...	45	...	...	270	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	106,000	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	95	...	...	35	...	...	180	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	66,000	...	...	27,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	59,600	...	...	27,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	820	440	385	115	50	60	2,690	1,455	1,235
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	39,200	38,000	34,400	36,400	30,000	19,400	21,800	17,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	35,600	33,600	30,400	33,600	28,600	19,000	20,800	17,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	670	...	...	145	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,600	...	...	98,000	...	...	104,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	76,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	315	...	...	45	...	...	525	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	62,000	...	...	100,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	52,000	...	...	75,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	205	...	...	50	...	...	235	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	132,000	...	...	178,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	85	...	...	35	...	...	185	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	51,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	42,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	820	410	410	90	25	70	2,545	1,380	1,165
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,500	50,400	40,400	46,000	40,000	48,000	37,280	45,000	28,100
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	41,000	34,200	37,000	36,000	38,000	29,920	34,800	24,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	2,705	1,340	1,365	475	220	255	5,395	2,740	2,655
0 to 17 years	360	165	190	70	35	30	415	215	200
0 to 5 years	155	70	85	20	10	10	140	65	85
18 to 64 years	2,240	1,110	1,130	265	130	135	4,795	2,420	2,375
65 years and over	110	60	45	145	60	80	185	110	75
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	705	340	365	95	40	55	2,625	1,275	1,350
0 to 17 years	100	45	55	15	10	5	205	95	105
0 to 5 years	40	20	20	5	0	0	45	15	25
18 to 64 years	570	280	290	40	20	25	2,365	1,150	1,215
65 years and over	40	20	25	45	15	25	60	25	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	26.2	25.7	26.6	19.6	18.0	21.0	48.7	46.6	51.0
0 to 17 years (%)	27.6	27.0	29.0	16.0	16.0	x	48.8	46.0	52.0
0 to 5 years (%)	26.0	28.0	24.0	25.0	x	x	31.0	28.0	32.0
18 to 64 years (%)	25.3	25.2	25.6	15.0	14.0	16.0	49.3	47.5	51.2
65 years and over (%)	38.0	32.0	44.0	30.0	28.0	32.0	33.0	26.0	40.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	2,705	1,335	1,370	475	220	250	5,395	2,735	2,655
0 to 17 years	355	165	195	70	40	35	415	210	205
0 to 5 years	155	70	85	20	15	5	145	60	80
18 to 64 years	2,235	1,110	1,130	265	125	140	4,795	2,415	2,375
65 years and over	110	60	45	140	55	85	185	110	80
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	525	260	265	50	25	25	2,235	1,095	1,140
0 to 17 years	75	35	40	5	5	5	155	70	80
0 to 5 years	25	10	15	0	0	0	40	15	20
18 to 64 years	420	210	210	25	15	10	2,045	1,005	1,040
65 years and over	25	10	15	20	10	10	35	20	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	19.3	19.4	19.2	10.8	10.0	11.0	41.4	40.0	42.9
0 to 17 years (%)	21.0	22.0	20.0	x	x	x	37.0	33.0	41.0
0 to 5 years (%)	17.0	18.0	16.0	x	x	x	26.0	24.0	28.0
18 to 64 years (%)	18.8	19.0	18.6	9.5	10.0	9.0	42.7	41.7	43.7
65 years and over (%)	24.0	20.0	28.0	15.0	16.0	14.0	18.0	16.0	20.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	2,705	1,340	1,370	475	220	255	5,395	2,740	2,655
In bottom half of the distribution	1,715	830	885	335	160	180	4,105	2,005	2,105
In bottom decile	655	315	340	70	30	40	2,565	1,245	1,315
In second decile	285	145	145	60	20	35	550	280	270
In third decile	220	110	110	75	35	45	425	185	245
In fourth decile	310	145	165	80	40	35	270	135	135
In fifth decile	245	120	125	50	25	25	290	155	140
In top half of the distribution	990	510	480	140	65	70	1,290	740	555
In sixth decile	240	115	125	45	20	20	270	155	110
In seventh decile	220	115	105	35	10	20	210	120	90
In eighth decile	195	95	100	30	15	15	155	80	75
In ninth decile	175	95	80	15	5	10	225	115	110
In top decile	155	90	70	15	10	0	430	260	165
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	2,705	...	...	475	...	...	5,395	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.392	...	...	0.304	...	...	0.603	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.477	...	...	0.480	...	...	0.681	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.351	...	...	0.264	...	...	0.549	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	10.3	...	...	3.2	...	...	1,490.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	2,705	1,335	1,370	475	225	250	5,480	2,780	2,700
English only	635	320	320	110	60	55	2,245	1,155	1,095
French only	235	85	145	65	35	30	240	125	115
English and French	1,750	895	855	265	130	140	2,840	1,440	1,400
Neither English nor French	85	35	45	35	10	25	150	65	85
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	2,705	1,335	1,370	475	225	250	5,480	2,780	2,700
English	1,150	570	580	230	110	120	3,255	1,655	1,600
French	1,045	520	525	140	60	70	1,360	750	610
English and French	430	210	215	75	40	35	715	315	400
Neither English nor French	85	35	45	35	10	25	145	60	85
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	2,705	1,335	1,370	475	225	250	5,480	2,780	2,700
Single responses	2,370	1,180	1,190	435	200	235	4,940	2,525	2,420
Official languages	1,115	575	540	115	55	60	1,880	1,055	825
English	400	210	195	55	30	30	900	500	405
French	710	370	345	60	25	30	975	555	425
Non-official languages	1,255	605	650	315	145	170	3,060	1,470	1,590
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,255	605	650	315	145	170	3,050	1,465	1,585
Afro-Asiatic languages	205	100	105	75	40	40	615	345	265
Berber languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kabyle	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	185	90	95	75	40	40	610	350	265
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	180	90	95	75	40	35	605	345	265
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	10	30	0	0	0	35	20	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Vietnamese	45	10	30	0	0	0	35	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	50	20	30	0	0	0	20	15	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	10	20	0	0	0	10	5	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	10	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	45	25	20	0	0	0	15	5	5
Kannada	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	30	10	15	0	0	0	10	5	5
Telugu	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	505	260	245	225	100	125	640	320	320
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	65	25	40	5	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	35	50	15	5	5	65	35	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	80	35	50	15	5	5	65	35	35
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	0	5	10	5	5
Russian	65	20	45	0	0	0	40	20	20
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	10	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	5	10	115	50	65	25	15	5
Indo-Iranian languages	150	85	70	5	5	5	235	115	115
Indo-Aryan languages	80	45	30	5	5	5	90	55	35
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	15	10	5	0	0	0	5	5	0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5
Hindi	20	10	15	0	0	0	40	20	15
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Marathi	10	5	10	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	0	5	5	5	10	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	75	40	35	0	0	0	145	60	85
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	75	40	35	0	0	0	145	65	80
Dari	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iranian Persian	70	35	35	0	0	0	135	60	70
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	245	130	110	30	15	15	285	135	145
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	5	5	15	5	5	55	35	20
Portuguese	60	35	25	0	5	5	35	15	15
Romanian	45	25	20	5	0	0	15	10	5
Spanish	125	65	60	5	5	0	175	75	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	10	0	0	0	40	20	15
Korean	65	30	35	0	0	0	90	40	50
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	285	130	160	10	5	5	1,560	670	885
Chinese languages	285	130	160	10	5	5	1,560	670	885
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	240	110	130	0	0	0	1,355	580	780
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	20	5	0	5	130	60	70
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0	45	25	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	335	155	180	40	20	20	540	260	280
English and French	80	40	35	10	5	5	115	50	65
English and non-official language(s)	115	55	65	15	5	5	235	115	125
French and non-official language(s)	85	35	50	15	5	5	105	50	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	5	0	0	70	35	30
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	20	5	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	2,705	1,335	1,370	475	225	250	5,480	2,780	2,700
English	450	220	235	80	35	40	1,110	600	515
French	570	290	280	55	25	30	730	400	325
Non-official language	455	220	240	120	55	65	1,050	480	570
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	455	220	240	120	55	65	1,050	480	570
English and French	265	150	115	25	10	10	400	230	170
English and non-official language(s)	425	200	220	80	40	35	1,295	640	655
French and non-official language(s)	175	80	95	40	15	20	145	65	80
English, French and non-official language(s)	325	160	160	65	25	40	695	350	345
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	15	5	10	55	25	25
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	2,705	1,335	1,370	475	225	250	5,480	2,780	2,700
Single responses	2,360	1,160	1,205	415	195	225	4,900	2,495	2,405
Official languages	1,555	775	780	225	100	120	2,970	1,600	1,370
English	765	375	390	140	65	75	1,915	1,030	890
French	790	395	390	85	40	45	1,055	570	485
Non-official languages	810	385	420	190	90	100	1,925	890	1,035
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	810	385	420	190	90	100	1,925	890	1,035
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	45	50	50	25	25	320	185	135
Berber languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	95	40	55	50	25	25	320	185	135
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	95	40	55	45	25	25	315	185	135
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	5	15	0	0	0	10	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0	0	0	10	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	15	0	0	0	5	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	40	20	15	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	5	0	0	0	5	0	0
Telugu	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	295	155	145	140	60	75	265	125	135
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	25	15	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	25	15	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	35	15	20	0	0	0	25	15	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	5	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	65	30	30	10	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	85	45	40	10	5	5	110	50	55
Indo-Aryan languages	35	20	15	10	5	5	20	15	10
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Hindi	15	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	55	25	25	0	0	0	85	40	45
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	55	25	25	0	0	0	80	40	40
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	50	25	25	0	0	0	80	40	40
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	165	85	80	15	10	10	115	60	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	5	0	5	10	5	5
Portuguese	45	30	20	0	0	0	25	5	15
Romanian	25	15	15	5	0	0	10	0	5
Spanish	90	40	45	5	5	0	80	40	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Korean	65	30	40	0	0	0	65	30	30
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	230	110	125	5	0	0	1,215	515	695
Chinese languages	230	110	125	5	0	0	1,215	515	695
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	195	90	105	0	0	0	1,105	475	630
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	5	0	0	70	30	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	340	175	165	60	35	30	580	285	295
English and French	110	60	45	15	10	5	145	80	65
English and non-official language(s)	115	55	60	25	15	15	290	130	155
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	20	10	10	40	20	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0	0	5	105	50	50
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	2,705	1,340	1,370	475	220	250	5,480	2,780	2,695
None	1,725	855	870	290	145	150	3,305	1,680	1,630
English	275	140	140	35	20	20	745	380	365
French	170	85	90	30	10	20	255	130	125
Non-official language	260	120	135	75	35	40	595	295	295
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	260	120	135	75	35	40	595	295	295
English and French	60	30	30	10	5	5	150	65	80
English and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	10	0	5	140	70	70
French and non-official language(s)	80	40	35	20	10	10	205	110	90
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0	0	0	15	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	5	0	5	65	35	30
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	2,560	1,280	1,275	505	215	290	5,055	2,550	2,500
Official languages	2,490	1,245	1,245	470	210	260	4,935	2,500	2,430
English	2,230	1,175	1,060	420	185	235	4,745	2,420	2,330
French	1,950	940	1,010	360	150	210	2,970	1,510	1,455
Non-official languages	1,730	870	865	390	165	235	3,970	1,940	2,030
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,730	870	865	390	165	235	3,970	1,940	2,030
Afro-Asiatic languages	395	185	205	120	45	75	1,055	605	450
Berber languages	45	20	25	0	0	0	15	10	0
Kabyle	45	20	25	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	370	185	185	120	45	75	1,050	600	450
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	370	180	185	120	45	75	1,025	575	450
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	20	40	0	0	0	50	40	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	10	40	0	0	0	45	35	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	60	25	35	0	0	0	35	25	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	25	35	0	0	0	15	10	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	10	10	10	0	0	20	10	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	100	55	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	60	40	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	730	395	335	275	110	165	1,080	550	525
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	10	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	40	55	0	0	0	130	75	55
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	100	40	55	0	0	0	130	75	55
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Russian	95	40	55	0	0	0	95	50	45
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	20	0	0	0	0	90	45	45
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	20	20	0	0	0	0	85	40	45
German	20	20	0	0	0	0	85	40	45
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	175	75	100	40	25	20
Indo-Iranian languages	200	100	100	0	0	0	275	130	140
Indo-Aryan languages	125	65	60	0	0	0	125	55	70
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
Hindi	85	30	55	0	0	0	100	45	60
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	0	20
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	80	35	45	0	0	0	145	75	70
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	80	35	45	0	0	0	145	75	70
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	80	35	45	0	0	0	130	70	55
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	450	260	190	60	25	35	600	305	295
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Italian	60	35	30	10	0	10	135	60	65
Portuguese	65	40	25	0	0	0	60	50	15
Romanian	80	50	25	0	0	0	25	15	15
Spanish	290	165	130	30	15	15	435	210	225
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	30	15	15	0	0	0	85	45	40
Korean	10	0	10	0	0	0	70	40	30
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	115	60	55	0	0	0	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	35	20	15	0	0	0	15	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	330	155	170	0	0	0	1,780	740	1,035
Chinese languages	330	155	170	0	0	0	1,770	740	1,030
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	310	145	165	0	0	0	1,650	690	960
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30
Yue (Cantonese)	35	10	25	0	0	0	240	90	155
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,560	1,275	1,280	505	215	290	5,055	2,555	2,495
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	2,560	1,275	1,280	505	215	290	5,030	2,550	2,480
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,560	1,275	1,280	505	215	290	5,055	2,555	2,495
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,560	1,275	1,280	505	215	290	5,040	2,550	2,490
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	1,395	...	...	240	...	...	3,360	...	...
Owner	580	...	...	80	...	...	1,180	...	...
Renter	815	...	...	160	...	...	2,180	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	1,395	...	...	240	...	...	3,360	...	...
Condominium	1,275	...	...	10	...	...	2,950	...	...
Not condominium	120	...	...	230	...	...	410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	1,395	...	...	240	...	...	3,360	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	0	...	...	330	...	...
1 bedroom	680	...	...	80	...	...	1,980	...	...
2 bedrooms	600	...	...	25	...	...	900	...	...
3 bedrooms	100	...	...	125	...	...	135	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10	...	...	0	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	1,395	...	...	240	...	...	3,360	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,250	...	...	100	...	...	3,110	...	...
5 rooms	110	...	...	70	...	...	185	...	...
6 rooms	30	...	...	50	...	...	55	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.2	...	...	4.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	1,395	...	...	240	...	...	3,360	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,345	...	...	235	...	...	3,245	...	...
More than one person per room	55	...	...	0	...	...	120	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	1,395	...	...	240	...	...	3,360	...	...
Suitable	1,280	...	...	225	...	...	3,025	...	...
Not suitable	115	...	...	15	...	...	340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	1,395	...	...	240	...	...	3,360	...	...
1960 or before	15	...	...	65	...	...	120	...	...
1961 to 1980	25	...	...	165	...	...	65	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	0	...	...	50	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	0	...	...	55	...	...
2001 to 2005	20	...	...	0	...	...	60	...	...
2006 to 2010	45	...	...	0	...	...	85	...	...
2011 to 2015	580	...	...	0	...	...	575	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	685	...	...	0	...	...	2,350	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	1,395	...	...	240	...	...	3,360	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,350	...	...	230	...	...	3,290	...	...
Major repairs needed	45	...	...	10	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	1,395	...	...	240	...	...	3,360	...	...
One-maintainer household	915	...	...	140	...	...	2,585	...	...
Two-maintainer household	465	...	...	95	...	...	750	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	1,395	...	...	240	...	...	3,360	...	...
15 to 24 years	170	...	...	0	...	...	970	...	...
25 to 34 years	550	...	...	25	...	...	1,390	...	...
35 to 44 years	320	...	...	50	...	...	405	...	...
45 to 54 years	140	...	...	30	...	...	285	...	...
55 to 64 years	120	...	...	40	...	...	200	...	...
65 to 74 years	75	...	...	25	...	...	95	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	40	...	...	20	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,350	...	...	235	...	...	3,035	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	820	...	...	190	...	...	1,115	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	530	...	...	50	...	...	1,920	...	...
30% to less than 100%	385	...	...	40	...	...	1,090	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	1,395	...	...	240	...	...	3,360	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	630	...	...	75	...	...	2,090	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	470	...	...	50	...	...	1,690	...	...
Not suitable only	65	...	...	15	...	...	130	...	...
Major repairs needed only	35	...	...	10	...	...	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	45	...	...	0	...	...	200	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	765	...	...	165	...	...	1,270	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	1,210	...	...	235	...	...	2,205	...	...
In core need	90	...	...	15	...	...	260	...	...
Not in core need	1,120	...	...	215	...	...	1,945	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	585	...	...	80	...	...	1,185	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	80.3	...	...	37.5	...	...	70.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.9	...	...	18.8	...	...	63.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	11.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,570	...	...	1,150	...	...	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,640	...	...	1,480	...	...	1,952	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	800,000	...	...	540,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	412,000	...	...	800,000	...	...	634,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	810	...	...	160	...	...	2,180	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	3.7	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.2	...	...	18.8	...	...	62.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.9	...	...	9.7	...	...	11.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,450	...	...	750	...	...	1,620	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,412	...	...	820	...	...	1,656	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	2,555	1,280	1,280	500	210	285	5,050	2,555	2,500
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	35
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	2,555	1,280	1,280	495	210	280	5,005	2,545	2,465
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	2,555	1,280	1,275	500	215	285	5,055	2,555	2,500
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,535	760	775	445	190	255	2,220	1,170	1,055
Canadian citizens aged under 18	220	130	95	75	45	25	170	65	100
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,315	630	680	375	145	225	2,055	1,105	950
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,020	520	505	60	25	30	2,830	1,385	1,445
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	2,555	1,280	1,275	500	215	285	5,055	2,555	2,500
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	780	425	355	240	100	140	1,380	735	645
Immigrants⁸¹	1,165	520	645	255	110	145	1,955	920	1,030
Before 1980	30	0	20	110	45	70	35	20	15
1980 to 1990	90	40	50	20	0	10	65	45	25
1991 to 2000	185	75	110	40	20	15	240	135	100
2001 to 2010	275	130	145	10	10	0	515	215	300
2011 to 2021⁸²	585	270	315	80	30	50	1,095	505	590
2011 to 2015	280	120	160	35	10	20	285	160	125
2016 to 2021	305	145	155	40	10	30	810	350	465
Non-permanent residents⁸³	615	335	280	0	0	0	1,720	895	820
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,165	520	645	255	110	145	1,955	925	1,030
Under 5 years	60	10	50	10	0	10	195	95	95
5 to 14 years	205	75	125	35	20	15	370	180	190
15 to 24 years	185	100	80	60	15	45	445	190	260
25 to 44 years	595	265	325	130	70	60	735	360	375
45 years and over	120	65	60	15	0	10	210	100	110
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,165	520	645	255	110	145	1,955	925	1,030
Americas	110	45	70	0	0	0	155	75	80
Brazil	10	0	10	0	0	0	20	20	0
Colombia	30	20	10	0	0	0	20	0	20
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	20
Other places of birth in Americas	25	0	20	0	0	0	40	10	25
Europe	215	95	115	110	50	60	180	105	75
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	70	25	40	0	0	0	65	35	25
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	35	25	15	0	0	0	30	15	15
Russian Federation	40	15	20	0	0	0	25	15	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	60	20	40	0	0	0	20	15	0
Africa	275	140	140	40	15	25	310	170	135
Algeria	50	25	25	0	0	0	40	20	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	15	0	10	55	25	25
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Morocco	30	0	30	0	0	0	105	55	50
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	170	105	70	20	10	10	80	50	35
Asia	565	230	330	100	40	65	1,315	570	745
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	30	10	20	0	0	0	80	30	45
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	80	25	50	0	0	0	130	60	65
Syria⁸⁹	30	25	10	55	20	35	110	65	50
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	220	90	130	0	0	0	730	285	445
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Philippines	60	15	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	30	0	30	0	0	0	20	0	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	55	20	35	0	0	0	65	35	30
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	15	0	20	0	15	80	50	35
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	300	145	160	40	15	25	810	345	465
Americas	40	15	25	0	0	0	45	20	25
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Colombia	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	30	20	10	0	0	0	40	20	15
France	15	10	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	90	50	40	0	0	0	100	45	50
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	30	15	10	0	0	0	15	10	0
Asia	140	60	80	40	15	25	620	255	370
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20	0	0	0	385	135	250
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	45	20	25	0	0	0	55	25	30
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	0
Lebanon	20	15	0	0	0	0	25	15	15
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	30	10	20	60	25	35
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	2,560	1,275	1,280	505	215	290	5,055	2,555	2,495
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,780	855	925	275	115	160	3,845	1,935	1,910
Second generation¹⁰¹	420	220	200	150	60	95	675	325	345
Third generation or more¹⁰²	355	200	155	75	40	35	535	295	240
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,140	510	620	145	65	80	1,920	900	1,015
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	875	425	450	55	20	35	1,610	760	850
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	465	290	175	35	0	25	635	330	300
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	410	140	275	25	15	10	970	425	545
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	185	45	135	25	15	10	185	70	110
Refugees¹⁰⁸	75	40	40	65	25	35	120	75	45
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,140	510	620	145	65	80	1,920	900	1,015
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	10	20	15	10	0	40	25	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	75	40	35	10	10	0	45	30	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	55	30	25	0	0	0	135	65	75
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	145	65	85	0	0	0	265	140	130
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	825	370	455	105	40	65	1,410	640	775
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	2,560	1,275	1,280	505	215	290	5,055	2,555	2,495
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,670	790	885	140	70	75	3,500	1,650	1,850
South Asian	235	130	105	0	0	0	165	85	80
Chinese	335	150	185	0	0	0	1,830	775	1,060
Black	345	160	190	15	15	0	135	70	65
Filipino	90	35	55	0	0	0	20	10	10
Arab	280	125	150	75	30	40	820	440	380
Latin American	140	70	70	20	15	0	110	60	50
Southeast Asian	100	30	65	0	0	0	65	35	25
West Asian	65	30	35	0	0	0	145	80	70
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Multiple visible minorities	50	35	15	0	0	0	100	40	60
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	885	490	395	365	150	215	1,550	905	645
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	2,560	1,280	1,275	500	215	290	5,055	2,555	2,500
Canadian	90	50	45	20	0	15	125	75	50
English	45	15	30	0	0	0	65	45	20
Irish	60	35	25	0	0	0	130	65	60
Scottish	30	15	15	0	0	0	125	60	70
French, n.o.s.¹²²	280	150	130	30	15	20	380	210	170
German	20	15	10	0	0	0	65	35	30
Chinese	345	160	190	0	0	0	1,650	675	975
Italian	85	45	40	25	10	10	260	125	135
Indian (India)	150	75	85	0	0	0	115	55	60
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0	0	0	45	25	20
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15
Polish	45	20	25	0	0	0	55	35	20
Québécois	60	30	25	0	0	0	45	25	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	10	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Filipino	85	35	50	0	0	0	20	15	10
French Canadian	30	20	15	0	0	0	30	15	10
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20	10	15	0	0	0	105	50	55
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	20	10	10	0	0	0	65	50	15
Russian	95	50	45	0	0	0	85	40	40
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0	0	0	45	40	0
American	10	0	10	0	0	0	30	10	20
Spanish	75	40	35	0	0	0	60	30	35
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	10	0	0	0	0	15	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	30	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15
Jewish	45	30	15	0	0	0	50	35	15
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	10	35	0	0	0	55	45	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	75	50	20	20	15	10	285	165	120
Greek	25	20	10	205	95	110	65	25	40
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	25
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	15	25	0	0	0	145	65	85
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	25
Romanian	65	50	15	0	0	0	30	20	10
Lebanese	140	70	70	0	0	0	315	175	140
Iranian	65	30	35	0	0	0	120	55	65
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	20	10	15	50	25	25	20	0	10
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	10	0	0	0	0	15	0	0
Hindu	30	15	15	0	0	0	35	15	20
Mexican	50	20	30	0	0	0	45	20	20
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	10	0	0	0	40	25	15
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
Egyptian	35	30	10	0	0	0	40	20	20
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	20	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Tamil	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	35	20	15	0	0	0	25	0	25
Moroccan	65	25	40	0	0	0	175	100	75
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	15	10	10	45	20	30	130	60	65
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian	15	10	0	0	0	0	50	40	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algerian	60	20	40	0	0	0	55	35	25
Brazilian	35	15	20	0	0	0	25	25	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	25	20	0	65	25	40	25	20	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	20
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	15	10	0	0	0	45	30	15
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	15	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Congolese	40	15	30	0	0	0	15	10	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	30	10	25	0	0	0	60	45	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	55	30	20	0	0	0	65	35	30
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	10	15	0	0	0	10	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	40	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	45	20	25	0	0	0	30	25	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	25	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	2,560	1,275	1,280	505	215	290	5,055	2,555	2,500
Buddhist	45	10	35	0	0	0	55	20	35
Christian	885	430	460	405	175	230	1,135	545	590
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	165	70	95	20	10	10	310	140	175
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catholic	515	250	265	120	45	75	635	315	315
Christian Orthodox	120	70	45	260	115	145	115	65	50
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	60	20	40	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hindu	140	75	70	0	0	0	105	60	50
Jewish	90	50	45	0	0	0	95	55	40
Muslim	375	200	180	55	15	35	835	455	385
Sikh	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	15	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
No religion and secular perspectives	975	500	475	45	20	20	2,810	1,410	1,400
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	2,540	1,265	1,275	495	210	285	5,030	2,545	2,485
Non-movers	1,760	880	875	435	195	235	2,995	1,520	1,475
Movers	780	380	395	65	15	55	2,035	1,030	1,005
Non-migrants	485	240	245	40	0	30	1,285	635	655
Migrants	290	145	150	25	0	20	745	395	350
Internal migrants	110	65	40	0	0	0	275	120	150
Intraprovincial migrants	45	30	20	0	0	0	130	55	70
Interprovincial migrants	60	40	25	0	0	0	140	65	75
External migrants	185	75	105	0	0	0	475	270	200
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	2,450	1,225	1,225	480	205	280	4,935	2,515	2,420
Non-movers	575	295	285	300	135	165	445	245	190
Movers	1,875	930	945	180	70	115	4,500	2,265	2,230
Non-migrants	760	375	380	120	45	80	1,445	705	740
Migrants	1,115	555	565	55	20	35	3,050	1,565	1,485
Internal migrants	460	210	245	15	0	15	950	500	450
Intraprovincial migrants	345	155	185	15	0	15	530	295	240
Interprovincial migrants	120	60	60	0	0	0	415	205	210
External migrants	655	340	320	40	20	25	2,100	1,070	1,040
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,320	1,155	1,165	420	170	250	4,780	2,430	2,350
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115	50	65	90	40	50	160	100	65
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,205	1,105	1,095	330	130	205	4,620	2,335	2,290
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,730	860	870	260	125	135	3,090	1,595	1,495
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	55	15	35	30	25	0	65	35	25
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,675	845	835	235	100	135	3,025	1,560	1,465
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,315	1,155	1,160	420	170	250	4,785	2,430	2,350
No certificate, diploma or degree	115	50	60	90	40	50	145	95	50
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	355	150	200	110	35	75	825	425	405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,855	955	900	225	95	130	3,815	1,915	1,900
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	470	225	245	130	45	85	985	495	485
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	55	25	25	45	15	30	155	85	70
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	45	20	25	35	15	20	100	45	55
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	10	0	10	55	40	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	330	175	155	65	20	45	685	365	320
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	80	25	55	20	10	10	145	55	95
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,385	730	660	95	50	45	2,825	1,415	1,415
Bachelor's degree	740	375	365	70	25	45	1,540	725	810
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	100	30	70	10	10	0	210	105	105
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	15	20	0	0	0	185	95	90
Master's degree	430	260	165	10	10	0	740	385	355
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	50	40	0	0	0	155	100	50
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,730	860	870	265	125	135	3,090	1,595	1,495
No certificate, diploma or degree	50	15	35	30	20	0	50	35	15
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	150	60	90	45	15	35	245	130	110
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,530	785	745	185	85	100	2,795	1,430	1,370
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	300	145	160	105	45	60	565	285	285
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50	25	25	40	20	25	95	55	45
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	40	20	20	40	20	20	65	25	40
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	190	95	90	45	20	25	345	190	160
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	70	25	45	15	10	10	125	45	80
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,230	635	590	85	45	35	2,225	1,140	1,085
Bachelor's degree	630	315	315	60	25	35	1,080	530	545
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	90	20	75	0	0	0	175	85	85
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	15	15	0	0	0	165	75	90
Master's degree	395	240	155	10	10	0	675	360	315
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	45	35	0	0	0	140	90	50
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	2,320	1,155	1,165	420	170	255	4,785	2,430	2,355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	465	205	260	200	75	120	970	520	450
Education	55	15	35	0	0	0	75	25	50
13. Education	55	15	35	0	0	0	75	25	50
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	70	25	45	10	0	0	200	95	105
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	0
50. Visual and performing arts	60	20	35	10	0	0	170	65	105
Humanities	75	15	55	25	10	20	175	75	100
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	0	0	0	50	25	25
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	40	15	25	10	0	10	50	25	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0	0	0	30	10	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	225	100	125	30	0	20	530	175	355
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	0	25	0	0	0	70	25	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	30	15	15	0	0	0	25	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	45	10	30	20	0	10	105	45	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
42. Psychology	25	0	25	0	0	0	70	10	65
45. Social sciences	85	70	20	0	0	0	240	90	150
Business, management and public administration	420	190	230	70	30	40	1,055	540	515
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	25	0	25	0	0	0	40	15	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	395	190	205	70	30	40	1,015	525	495
Physical and life sciences and technologies	160	95	60	15	0	10	260	100	160
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65	35	30	0	0	0	90	40	60
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	0	10	0	0	0	70	20	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	10	0	0	0	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	65	50	15	10	0	10	85	45	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	185	140	40	0	0	0	415	255	160
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	180	135	40	0	0	0	315	195	125
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	420	300	120	30	25	0	600	410	190
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	15	0	0	0	35	15	20
14. Engineering	355	250	105	15	10	0	435	305	135
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	35	30	0	10	10	0	90	50	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	200	40	160	30	10	25	415	190	225
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	0	10	10	0	0	20	15	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	175	30	145	20	0	20	355	145	210
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	10	10	0	0	0	40	35	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	10	20	15	0	15	85	50	30
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	0	20	15	0	15	75	40	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,730	860	870	260	125	135	3,090	1,595	1,495
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	200	75	125	75	35	40	295	165	120
Education	55	15	35	0	0	0	60	20	35
13. Education	55	15	35	0	0	0	60	20	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	55	25	30	10	0	0	125	65	60
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	50	20	25	10	0	0	105	45	60
Humanities	45	0	35	10	0	0	130	50	75
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	0	0	0	45	25	20
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	0	10	0	0	0	30	10	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	195	95	100	30	0	20	385	130	255
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	0	20	0	0	0	70	25	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	35	15	15	0	0	0	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	35	10	25	20	0	10	100	40	60
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	25	0	25	0	0	0	45	0	45
45. Social sciences	70	60	10	0	0	0	145	65	80
Business, management and public administration	365	160	205	60	30	25	805	395	410
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	20	0	20	0	0	0	40	10	20
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	345	160	185	60	30	25	765	380	380
Physical and life sciences and technologies	105	65	40	15	10	10	135	60	80
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	30	25	0	0	0	60	30	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	40	30	15	10	0	10	50	20	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	155	120	35	0	0	0	315	195	125
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	150	120	30	0	0	0	245	145	100
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	365	255	105	30	25	0	490	350	140
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	15	0	0	0	30	15	15
14. Engineering	305	210	90	15	10	0	360	255	105
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	35	30	0	10	10	0	55	40	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	25	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	175	35	140	30	10	20	310	135	170
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	160	30	125	20	0	20	255	95	165
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	10	10	0	0	0	35	30	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	10	10	0	10	45	25	20
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	10	0	10	30	15	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	1,730	860	870	260	125	135	3,090	1,595	1,495
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	200	75	125	75	35	40	295	165	120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,530	780	745	185	85	95	2,800	1,425	1,370
Location of study inside Canada	875	440	430	140	55	80	1,450	765	685
Same as province or territory of residence	815	405	405	135	55	80	1,245	620	620
Different than province or territory of residence	65	35	25	0	0	0	205	145	60
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	655	340	315	45	30	20	1,350	665	685
Americas	110	60	45	0	0	0	190	105	85
United States of America	25	20	0	0	0	0	145	75	65
Mexico	25	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	30	25	10	0	0	0	10	10	0
Colombia	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0
Europe	215	140	80	0	0	0	340	195	140
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
France	140	90	50	0	0	0	210	135	85
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Africa	85	40	45	15	15	0	75	40	35
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0
Morocco	20	10	15	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	20	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	25	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	245	105	145	25	10	10	720	305	420
Iran⁸⁸	40	15	25	0	0	0	40	20	20
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	10	20	0	0	0	85	50	35
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	55	25	30	0	0	0	295	110	185
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Philippines	25	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	70	35	35	0	0	0	75	25	50
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	85
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	2,315	1,155	1,160	420	170	250	4,785	2,430	2,350
In the labour force	1,790	955	840	255	115	140	3,025	1,610	1,420
Employed	1,560	860	700	235	110	130	2,625	1,410	1,215
Unemployed	230	95	135	25	0	15	405	195	205
Not in the labour force	530	200	330	165	55	105	1,755	825	935
Participation rate	77.3	82.7	72.4	60.7	67.6	56.0	63.2	66.3	60.4
Employment rate	67.4	74.5	60.3	56.0	64.7	52.0	54.9	58.0	51.7
Unemployment rate	12.8	9.9	16.1	9.8	0.0	10.7	13.4	12.1	14.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	2,320	1,155	1,165	420	170	255	4,785	2,430	2,355
Did not work¹⁸⁶	595	240	350	155	50	100	1,875	890	980
Worked	1,725	920	805	265	120	150	2,905	1,535	1,370
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	890	510	385	135	55	80	1,350	775	580
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	835	410	425	135	60	70	1,555	760	790
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.4	41.5	37.0	41.2	40.0	42.4	37.1	38.0	36.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	1,790	955	835	260	110	145	3,030	1,605	1,420
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	80	35	45	15	0	15	195	90	100
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	1,710	920	790	245	110	130	2,835	1,515	1,315
Employee	1,540	825	715	225	100	130	2,415	1,255	1,160
Permanent position	1,175	625	550	220	90	130	1,685	915	770
Temporary position	360	205	160	10	10	0	730	340	390
Fixed term (1 year or more)	155	85	70	10	0	0	385	205	180
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	205	115	95	0	0	0	350	135	215
Self-employed¹⁹²	170	90	75	15	15	0	420	265	155
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	1,790	955	835	260	110	145	3,030	1,605	1,420
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	80	35	45	15	0	15	195	90	100
All occupations¹⁹¹	1,710	920	790	245	110	130	2,835	1,515	1,315
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	15	15	0	0	0	0	85	65	20
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	305	120	185	80	25	60	675	260	415
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	455	330	125	15	0	0	560	375	185
3 Health occupations	155	40	115	10	10	0	260	125	130
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	215	80	135	35	0	30	380	185	195
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	90	50	40	0	0	0	140	80	65
6 Sales and service occupations	310	160	150	80	50	40	570	305	270
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	80	80	0	15	15	0	140	105	30
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	75	40	35	0	0	0	20	15	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	1,790	955	835	260	110	145	3,030	1,605	1,420
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	80	35	45	15	0	15	195	90	100
All industries¹⁹¹	1,710	920	790	245	110	130	2,835	1,515	1,315
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
23 Construction	30	25	10	0	0	0	35	20	20
31-33 Manufacturing	150	90	65	15	15	0	95	60	35
41 Wholesale trade	50	45	10	20	10	10	85	50	30
44-45 Retail trade	135	45	95	25	15	15	255	135	120
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	85	65	20	0	0	0	125	90	35
51 Information and cultural industries	70	50	20	10	0	0	130	100	30
52 Finance and insurance	130	55	75	20	10	10	325	190	135
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	35	20	10	10	0	0	85	40	40
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	415	270	145	30	20	20	595	320	270
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	85	50	35	15	0	10	65	25	40
61 Educational services	160	80	80	20	0	15	250	135	115
62 Health care and social assistance	185	45	135	30	0	25	300	115	190
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	30	15	15	0	0	0	45	15	25
72 Accommodation and food services	50	35	15	30	20	10	220	120	105
81 Other services (except public administration)	50	10	40	15	10	0	95	55	40
91 Public administration	45	20	25	10	0	10	85	25	55
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,870	990	880	270	120	150	3,320	1,750	1,570
English	590	330	265	40	15	25	1,200	610	590
French	370	185	190	60	30	30	360	170	185
Non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0	75	35	45
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	10	0	0	0	75	35	45
English and French	790	415	380	150	60	85	1,315	745	570
English and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0	0	0	225	135	85
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	40	15	15	0	10	130	55	75
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,870	990	880	270	120	150	3,320	1,750	1,570
Single responses	1,590	850	740	225	90	130	2,830	1,470	1,355
Official languages	1,565	840	725	225	90	130	2,685	1,395	1,285
English	915	530	385	105	45	60	1,880	970	910
French	645	310	335	115	45	70	800	425	380
Non-official languages	25	10	20	0	0	0	150	80	70
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	10	20	0	0	0	150	80	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	60
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	60
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	275	140	135	50	30	20	490	275	210
English and French	255	135	125	45	25	20	420	255	165
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0	0	0	35	25	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	25
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,870	990	880	270	120	150	3,320	1,750	1,570
None	1,245	655	590	150	75	75	2,085	1,060	1,025
English	275	125	150	50	20	35	485	280	205
French	280	165	110	55	20	30	510	280	225
Non-official language	35	15	20	0	0	0	150	85	65
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	35	15	20	0	0	0	150	85	65
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	30	30	0	0	0	0	50	15	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	1,560	860	700	235	105	125	2,620	1,410	1,215
Worked at home	755	455	295	60	25	30	1,230	650	575
Worked outside Canada	20	15	0	0	0	0	55	25	30
No fixed workplace address	75	50	25	10	0	0	170	115	50
Usual place of work	715	335	380	160	70	90	1,175	610	560
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	715	335	380	160	70	90	1,175	610	560
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	570	250	320	130	50	85	1,010	520	485
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	85	45	35	15	10	10	60	25	35
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	55	35	25	20	20	0	80	45	35
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	785	385	400	170	75	95	1,345	730	610
Car, truck or van	385	225	160	140	70	70	440	245	195
Car, truck or van - as a driver	360	220	140	140	70	70	390	235	155
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	25	0	20	0	0	0	50	10	40
Public transit	300	120	180	0	0	0	345	180	160
Walked	75	25	50	10	0	10	495	265	230
Bicycle	10	10	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Other method	20	0	15	15	0	10	45	25	20
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	785	385	400	170	75	95	1,345	730	610
Less than 15 minutes	115	55	65	20	0	15	395	240	155
15 to 29 minutes	335	175	160	80	35	40	470	255	225
30 to 44 minutes	195	100	95	65	30	35	325	140	190
45 to 59 minutes	95	40	55	10	10	0	70	45	20
60 minutes and over	45	20	30	0	0	0	80	50	25
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	785	385	400	170	75	95	1,345	730	610
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	10	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	110	55	55	10	10	0	110	75	35
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	230	110	115	70	25	45	245	130	115
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	190	100	90	20	20	0	390	225	170
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	125	40	85	30	0	25	375	180	195
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	120	70	50	40	15	20	190	105	90
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	370	170	200	70	40	35	420	215	205
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	110	50	55	30	15	10	195	105	85
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	260	120	140	40	25	20	225	110	120
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	220	105	110	50	25	25	290	155	125
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	75	40	40	25	10	10	165	85	80
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	70	35	35	20	10	10	160	90	75
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	145	65	75	30	15	15	120	70	50

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...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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