Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24663452More information: Quebec [Dissemination area]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	2,390	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	2,180	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	1,487	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	8,884.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	2,390	1,265	1,125
0 to 14 years	195	110	85
0 to 4 years	100	50	45
5 to 9 years	60	40	20
10 to 14 years	35	25	15
15 to 64 years	2,070	1,090	985
15 to 19 years	65	35	35
20 to 24 years	285	150	135
25 to 29 years	495	255	240
30 to 34 years	410	225	185
35 to 39 years	265	150	120
40 to 44 years	160	80	75
45 to 49 years	115	55	65
50 to 54 years	105	60	50
55 to 59 years	90	45	45
60 to 64 years	70	35	35
65 years and over	130	65	60
65 to 69 years	65	30	30
70 to 74 years	35	20	10
75 to 79 years	15	5	10
80 to 84 years	10	5	5
85 years and over	5	5	0
85 to 89 years	5	5	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8.2	8.7	7.6
15 to 64 years	86.6	86.2	87.6
65 years and over	5.4	5.1	5.3
85 years and over	0.2	0.4	0.0
Average age of the population	34.4	34.1	34.8
Median age of the population	31.4	31.4	31.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	1,485	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,485	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	1,485	...	...
1 person	830	...	...
2 persons	480	...	...
3 persons	125	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	2,390	1,270	1,125
Average household size	1.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	2,195	1,155	1,040
Married or living common-law	995	505	490
Married	640	315	325
Living common-law	355	190	165
Living common law - Never married	310	165	140
Living common law - Separated	5	5	0
Living common law - Divorced	35	20	20
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	1,200	650	550
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,000	575	430
Not married and not living common law - Separated	45	20	25
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	130	50	85
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	20	5	20
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	545	...	...
2 persons	380	...	...
3 persons	115	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...
Average size of census families	2.4	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.4	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	540	...	...
Total couple families	460	...	...
Married couples	280	...	...
With children⁶	135	...	...
Without children	145	...	...
Common-law couples	175	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...
Without children	170	...	...
Total one-parent families	80	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	65	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	15	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	2,390	1,270	1,125
Total - Persons in census families	1,310	665	650
Married spouses or common-law partners	925	475	445
Parents in one-parent families	85	20	60
Children⁶	310	170	140
In a two-parent family	215	110	100
In a one-parent family	95	55	40
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,080	605	475
Living alone	830	450	380
Living with other relatives⁷	85	45	40
Living with non-relatives only	160	105	55
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	1,490	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	530	...	...
Couple-family households	455	...	...
With children⁶	145	...	...
Without children	310	...	...
One-parent-family households	75	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	115	...	...
One-person households	835	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	2,195	1,155	1,040
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,025	1,065	960
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	51,600	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,025	1,065	960
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,000	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,865	995	870
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	54,400	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,635	890	745
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	56,800	42,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,475	735	735
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,960	4,680	5,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	150	80	70
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,960	5,240	6,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	650	345	305
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	2,310	1,230	1,085
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,150	1,145	1,005
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,400	74,400	48,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,150	1,145	1,005
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,880	54,400	40,500
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,005	1,090	915
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,550	72,400	46,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,720	960	755
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,250	68,800	49,300
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,595	820	775
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,010	7,500	8,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	130	70	65
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,600	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	720	410	310
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,420	9,920	8,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	2,310	1,230	1,085
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	910	550	360
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	75,500	65,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,600	92,800	72,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	665	350	320
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	16,400	21,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200	40,800	29,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	90.4	92.8	86.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	77.2	78.0	76.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	9.5	7.2	13.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.4	0.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	5.1	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.1	4.8	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	2,195	1,155	1,040
Without total income	170	95	80
With total income	2,025	1,060	960
Under $10,000 (including loss)	275	120	150
$10,000 to $19,999	235	115	125
$20,000 to $29,999	235	115	120
$30,000 to $39,999	195	100	100
$40,000 to $49,999	145	80	70
$50,000 to $59,999	130	65	70
$60,000 to $69,999	150	80	70
$70,000 to $79,999	125	60	65
$80,000 to $89,999	125	70	60
$90,000 to $99,999	75	55	25
$100,000 and over	330	215	110
$100,000 to $149,999	215	130	80
$150,000 and over	115	90	25
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	2,195	1,155	1,040
Without after-tax income	170	95	80
With after-tax income	2,025	1,060	960
Under $10,000 (including loss)	280	120	155
$10,000 to $19,999	250	120	130
$20,000 to $29,999	260	130	130
$30,000 to $39,999	230	115	115
$40,000 to $49,999	210	105	105
$50,000 to $59,999	185	100	85
$60,000 to $69,999	190	95	95
$70,000 to $79,999	125	85	40
$80,000 to $89,999	80	50	35
$90,000 to $99,999	60	40	20
$100,000 and over	145	100	45
$100,000 to $124,999	85	55	30
$125,000 and over	65	50	15
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	2,195	1,155	1,040
Without employment income	565	270	295
With employment income	1,630	885	745
Under $5,000 (including loss)	190	95	100
$5,000 to $9,999	155	90	70
$10,000 to $19,999	165	75	90
$20,000 to $29,999	105	55	45
$30,000 to $39,999	95	45	50
$40,000 to $49,999	95	40	50
$50,000 to $59,999	115	60	50
$60,000 to $69,999	140	70	65
$70,000 to $79,999	105	55	50
$80,000 to $89,999	110	65	50
$90,000 to $99,999	75	50	25
$100,000 and over	280	190	95
$100,000 to $124,999	130	85	45
$125,000 and over	150	100	45
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	2,195	1,155	1,040
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,930	1,015	920
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,800	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,930	1,015	920
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,000	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,780	950	825
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	45,600	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,535	845	695
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	48,800	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,285	635	655
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,330	1,300	1,370
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	70	30	40
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,100	5,360	8,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	2,310	1,230	1,085
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,025	1,060	965
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,350	58,600	43,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,025	1,060	965
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,760	45,400	35,700
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,880	1,005	875
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,500	60,200	43,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,625	905	715
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,400	58,800	46,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,390	695	695
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,840	2,740	4,940
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70	35	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,600	9,000	14,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	2,310	1,230	1,085
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	880	525	350
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	69,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,600	78,800	63,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	555	275	280
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	17,600	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,200	36,800	31,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.8	96.8	92.0
Employment income (%)	83.4	85.6	80.0
Government transfers (%)	5.1	3.1	8.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	1,485	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	835	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	655	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	1,555	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	875	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	75,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	680	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	1,485	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	55	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	65	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	70	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	50	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	50	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	45	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	95	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	95	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	80	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	110	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	65	...	...
$100,000 and over	445	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	165	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	85	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	110	...	...
$200,000 and over	90	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	1,485	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	65	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	80	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	60	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	75	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	45	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	60	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	65	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	115	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	150	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	110	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	85	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	85	...	...
$100,000 and over	280	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	130	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	65	...	...
$150,000 and over	90	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	585	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	310	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	145	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	80	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	990	560	430
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,800	45,600	42,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	40,800	38,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	600	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	320	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	170	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	70	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,040	600	440
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	69,200	82,000	51,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,500	55,400	41,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	2,390	1,265	1,125
0 to 17 years	230	130	100
0 to 5 years	115	60	55
18 to 64 years	2,035	1,070	965
65 years and over	130	65	60
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	685	365	320
0 to 17 years	75	55	25
0 to 5 years	30	20	10
18 to 64 years	570	295	280
65 years and over	40	15	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	28.6	28.7	28.4
0 to 17 years (%)	33.0	42.0	22.0
0 to 5 years (%)	26.0	32.0	16.0
18 to 64 years (%)	28.0	27.4	28.8
65 years and over (%)	30.0	24.0	34.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	2,390	1,265	1,120
0 to 17 years	230	125	100
0 to 5 years	110	60	50
18 to 64 years	2,030	1,070	965
65 years and over	125	70	60
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	540	295	245
0 to 17 years	55	40	15
0 to 5 years	25	15	10
18 to 64 years	465	245	220
65 years and over	20	10	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	22.6	23.2	21.8
0 to 17 years (%)	24.0	30.0	16.0
0 to 5 years (%)	19.0	24.0	16.0
18 to 64 years (%)	22.9	23.0	22.8
65 years and over (%)	14.0	12.0	16.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	2,390	1,265	1,125
In bottom half of the distribution	1,400	720	675
In bottom decile	650	355	300
In second decile	210	105	100
In third decile	175	85	90
In fourth decile	195	95	95
In fifth decile	165	75	90
In top half of the distribution	995	545	445
In sixth decile	145	85	65
In seventh decile	215	120	95
In eighth decile	185	95	85
In ninth decile	225	115	110
In top decile	225	125	95
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	2,390	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.456	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.531	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.404	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	12.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	2,390	1,265	1,120
English only	820	445	370
French only	105	50	50
English and French	1,405	740	660
Neither English nor French	65	30	35
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	2,390	1,265	1,120
English	1,300	705	590
French	730	395	335
English and French	295	140	160
Neither English nor French	65	25	35
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	2,390	1,265	1,120
Single responses	2,165	1,155	1,010
Official languages	985	565	415
English	415	250	165
French	565	315	255
Non-official languages	1,185	590	595
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,185	590	595
Afro-Asiatic languages	240	135	105
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	240	135	105
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	240	135	100
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	10	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	5	0	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	410	220	190
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	40	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	75	40	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	5
Russian	40	20	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	10	0
German	5	5	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	170	90	80
Indo-Aryan languages	50	30	25
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	20	15	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	5	5
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	115	55	55
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	5	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	115	55	55
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	105	50	50
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	140	70	70
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	25	15	10
Portuguese	20	10	5
Romanian	15	5	10
Spanish	75	40	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0
Korean	35	20	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	415	180	235
Chinese languages	415	180	235
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	365	160	205
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	15	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	10	15
Azerbaijani	5	5	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	15
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	225	110	115
English and French	60	35	30
English and non-official language(s)	85	45	45
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	2,390	1,265	1,120
English	515	295	220
French	390	210	180
Non-official language	335	160	175
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	335	160	175
English and French	260	145	115
English and non-official language(s)	505	255	250
French and non-official language(s)	65	30	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	290	150	135
Multiple non-official languages	35	10	20
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	2,390	1,265	1,120
Single responses	2,140	1,140	1,000
Official languages	1,445	810	640
English	855	485	370
French	590	320	270
Non-official languages	695	335	355
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	695	335	355
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	65	50
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	115	65	50
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	115	65	50
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	5	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	225	115	110
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	15	20
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	30	15	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	115	60	55
Indo-Aryan languages	30	25	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	85	35	50
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	85	40	50
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	70	30	40
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	35	35
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	0
Portuguese	10	5	5
Romanian	10	0	5
Spanish	40	20	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	25	15	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	285	130	160
Chinese languages	285	130	160
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	260	115	145
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	5	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	5	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	250	120	125
English and French	90	50	40
English and non-official language(s)	100	45	55
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	2,390	1,270	1,125
None	1,420	755	670
English	325	160	160
French	125	65	60
Non-official language	260	135	120
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	260	135	120
English and French	65	30	35
English and non-official language(s)	85	50	35
French and non-official language(s)	70	40	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	2,545	1,375	1,175
Official languages	2,480	1,345	1,135
English	2,365	1,290	1,080
French	1,635	880	755
Non-official languages	1,790	935	850
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,790	935	850
Afro-Asiatic languages	465	275	195
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	460	270	190
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	455	270	185
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	0	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	0	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	40	15	15
Haitian Creole	10	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	25	15	15
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	740	430	305
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	90	55	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	90	55	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	15	0
Russian	70	35	35
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	55	40	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	45	35	10
German	45	35	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	25	0
Indo-Iranian languages	240	140	105
Indo-Aryan languages	115	65	55
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	25	20	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	60	30	30
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	20	20
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	35	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	125	75	50
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	125	75	50
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	115	70	45
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	370	205	170
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	65	45	20
Portuguese	40	20	20
Romanian	30	10	20
Spanish	270	140	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	10	0
Korean	65	25	35
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	85	40	45
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	15	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	460	210	250
Chinese languages	460	210	250
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	415	180	235
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	40	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	15	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	40	20	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	35	15	20
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,550	1,375	1,175
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	2,540	1,370	1,170
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,550	1,375	1,175
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,550	1,375	1,175
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	1,555	...	...
Owner	590	...	...
Renter	960	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	1,555	...	...
Condominium	1,540	...	...
Not condominium	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	1,555	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...
1 bedroom	730	...	...
2 bedrooms	755	...	...
3 bedrooms	35	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	1,555	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,440	...	...
5 rooms	100	...	...
6 rooms	10	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	1,555	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,505	...	...
More than one person per room	50	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	1,555	...	...
Suitable	1,460	...	...
Not suitable	95	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	1,555	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	15	...	...
1981 to 1990	20	...	...
1991 to 2000	70	...	...
2001 to 2005	265	...	...
2006 to 2010	475	...	...
2011 to 2015	70	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	640	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	1,555	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,555	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	1,555	...	...
One-maintainer household	1,070	...	...
Two-maintainer household	470	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	1,555	...	...
15 to 24 years	225	...	...
25 to 34 years	580	...	...
35 to 44 years	335	...	...
45 to 54 years	215	...	...
55 to 64 years	95	...	...
65 to 74 years	90	...	...
75 to 84 years	15	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,490	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	880	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	605	...	...
30% to less than 100%	435	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	1,555	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	650	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	555	...	...
Not suitable only	45	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	50	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	900	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	1,315	...	...
In core need	60	...	...
Not in core need	1,250	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	590	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	41.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,540	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	492,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	526,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	960	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,616	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	2,550	1,370	1,175
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15	0	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	2,530	1,365	1,170
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	2,550	1,370	1,175
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,565	870	690
Canadian citizens aged under 18	170	95	75
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,395	780	615
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	985	500	485
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	2,550	1,370	1,175
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	970	545	420
Immigrants⁸¹	1,085	545	535
Before 1980	60	25	30
1980 to 1990	50	15	35
1991 to 2000	220	145	80
2001 to 2010	205	110	90
2011 to 2021⁸²	555	255	305
2011 to 2015	175	70	110
2016 to 2021	380	185	195
Non-permanent residents⁸³	495	275	220
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,085	550	535
Under 5 years	105	75	30
5 to 14 years	180	105	70
15 to 24 years	195	90	110
25 to 44 years	515	235	280
45 years and over	95	45	50
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,085	550	535
Americas	120	45	75
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	25	15	10
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	45	15	30
Other places of birth in Americas	30	10	15
Europe	130	65	60
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	35	25	15
Germany	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	25	0	15
Russian Federation	30	10	15
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	15
Africa	210	115	95
Algeria	25	15	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	35	15	25
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	45	30	10
Nigeria	40	25	10
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	25	35
Asia	620	320	300
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	65	35	30
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	75	45	30
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10
Turkey	30	15	15
China⁹⁰	190	90	105
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	15
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	20
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	10	0	10
Viet Nam	20	0	15
Bangladesh	20	15	0
India	40	25	20
Pakistan	25	0	15
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	60	40	25
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	380	185	195
Americas	70	20	45
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	45	15	30
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	20	10	10
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	95	60	35
Algeria	20	15	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	15	10	0
Nigeria	35	30	10
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	200	95	100
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	85	35	50
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	30	10	15
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	2,545	1,375	1,175
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,640	860	780
Second generation¹⁰¹	485	275	205
Third generation or more¹⁰²	425	240	190
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,025	520	505
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	810	395	415
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	380	210	170
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	435	190	245
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	145	80	65
Refugees¹⁰⁸	65	45	20
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,025	520	505
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	25	20
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	70	50	25
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65	20	45
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	135	65	70
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	705	355	345
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	2,550	1,375	1,175
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,610	820	795
South Asian	135	70	60
Chinese	480	220	265
Black	170	95	80
Filipino	10	0	0
Arab	395	220	175
Latin American	125	65	60
Southeast Asian	40	10	35
West Asian	140	85	55
Korean	50	15	35
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	10	0
Multiple visible minorities	45	30	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	940	555	380
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	2,545	1,370	1,175
Canadian	185	110	75
English	75	40	35
Irish	65	30	40
Scottish	65	30	35
French, n.o.s.¹²²	265	135	125
German	50	35	20
Chinese	450	210	240
Italian	90	75	15
Indian (India)	90	50	40
Ukrainian	30	25	10
Dutch	20	10	10
Polish	15	10	0
Québécois	40	15	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	50	35	15
Filipino	10	0	0
French Canadian	30	10	20
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	20	15	0
Russian	60	35	30
Norwegian	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	0
Portuguese	10	0	0
American	20	0	15
Spanish	60	30	25
Swedish	10	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	0
Acadian	10	0	0
Pakistani	35	15	20
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	30	15	15
Jewish	25	10	10
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	10	25
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	165	90	80
Greek	55	40	15
Jamaican	10	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50	20	35
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	55	15	35
Romanian	20	0	15
Lebanese	105	60	40
Iranian	80	40	40
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	25	10	15
Danish	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0
Haitian	30	0	20
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	15	10	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	0	0
Muslim	45	25	20
Egyptian	35	10	25
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	15	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	35	25	15
Moroccan	50	40	15
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	40	20	20
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	10	0	10
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	80	55	20
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	55	30	20
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	25	20	0
Algerian	45	25	25
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	25	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	10	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	15	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	45	25	20
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	50	30	20
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	15	15	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	2,550	1,375	1,175
Buddhist	20	10	20
Christian	710	370	345
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	235	135	100
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0
Catholic	355	175	185
Christian Orthodox	60	25	30
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	20	15	0
Hindu	25	15	10
Jewish	25	10	20
Muslim	550	330	225
Sikh	25	0	20
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	20	10	10
No religion and secular perspectives	1,165	630	535
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	2,520	1,355	1,165
Non-movers	1,495	800	695
Movers	1,030	560	465
Non-migrants	580	320	265
Migrants	445	240	210
Internal migrants	250	140	105
Intraprovincial migrants	145	70	70
Interprovincial migrants	100	70	35
External migrants	195	100	100
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	2,420	1,300	1,115
Non-movers	535	280	255
Movers	1,885	1,015	860
Non-migrants	645	345	295
Migrants	1,235	670	565
Internal migrants	630	350	280
Intraprovincial migrants	410	240	175
Interprovincial migrants	220	110	110
External migrants	605	320	285
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,310	1,230	1,085
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	75	30	45
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,240	1,200	1,040
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,820	965	850
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25	0	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,795	965	835
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,310	1,230	1,085
No certificate, diploma or degree	60	25	40
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	215	145	70
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,035	1,060	970
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	445	280	170
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	55	25	30
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	45	15	25
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	320	190	120
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	70	55	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,590	790	805
Bachelor's degree	835	435	400
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	140	55	85
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	30	15
Master's degree	480	215	260
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	95	45	45
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,820	970	855
No certificate, diploma or degree	15	0	15
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	120	70	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,685	895	790
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	310	200	115
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	45	25	25
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	30	15	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	210	140	70
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	60	35	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,375	695	680
Bachelor's degree	655	350	305
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	125	60	70
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	30	15
Master's degree	465	215	250
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	85	40	45
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	2,315	1,225	1,085
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	280	165	110
Education	35	15	20
13. Education	35	15	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	75	45	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	65	40	30
Humanities	100	30	75
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	10	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	280	90	195
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	10	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	35	10	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10
42. Psychology	40	0	40
45. Social sciences	140	60	85
Business, management and public administration	590	295	295
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	580	295	285
Physical and life sciences and technologies	150	65	90
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	55	15	40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	15	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0
40. Physical sciences	50	20	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	255	165	85
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	180	140	45
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	30	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	365	275	90
04. Architecture and related services	25	15	15
14. Engineering	265	190	70
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	50	45	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
Health and related fields	175	75	90
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	145	65	80
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	15	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,820	965	850
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	140	75	60
Education	20	10	10
13. Education	20	10	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	75	45	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	65	40	25
Humanities	60	15	45
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	240	80	160
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	10	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	20	10	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10
42. Psychology	25	0	20
45. Social sciences	135	55	75
Business, management and public administration	515	260	255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	505	260	245
Physical and life sciences and technologies	90	35	60
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	35	10	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0
40. Physical sciences	35	10	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	225	155	75
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	165	125	40
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	30	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	310	220	85
04. Architecture and related services	15	0	15
14. Engineering	245	175	70
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30	30	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
Health and related fields	160	75	75
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	140	70	65
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	1,820	965	850
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	140	75	60
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,685	890	790
Location of study inside Canada	1,020	575	440
Same as province or territory of residence	880	480	395
Different than province or territory of residence	140	100	45
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	670	315	350
Americas	120	50	65
United States of America	65	30	40
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	20	10	10
Colombia	15	0	10
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	195	115	75
Belgium	0	0	0
France	65	35	25
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	15	10	0
Russian Federation	10	10	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	35	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	10
Africa	70	35	35
Nigeria	20	15	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	10
Asia	275	105	170
Iran⁸⁸	45	30	15
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	45	25	25
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	0
China⁹⁰	65	20	45
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	35	15	20
Pakistan	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Asia	25	0	20
Oceania	15	10	10
Australia	15	10	10
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	2,310	1,230	1,085
In the labour force	1,720	1,015	705
Employed	1,520	900	620
Unemployed	200	115	90
Not in the labour force	590	215	380
Participation rate	74.5	82.5	65.0
Employment rate	65.8	73.2	57.1
Unemployment rate	11.6	11.3	12.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	2,315	1,225	1,085
Did not work¹⁸⁶	625	255	370
Worked	1,685	975	715
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	930	570	365
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	755	410	345
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	40.9	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	1,720	1,015	710
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	70	45	25
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	1,650	970	680
Employee	1,375	785	590
Permanent position	1,075	625	455
Temporary position	300	160	140
Fixed term (1 year or more)	175	90	80
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	125	70	55
Self-employed¹⁹²	275	185	90
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	1,720	1,015	710
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	70	45	25
All occupations¹⁹¹	1,650	970	680
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	20	20	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	440	195	245
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	370	285	75
3 Health occupations	120	50	70
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	195	90	100
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	125	70	50
6 Sales and service occupations	315	195	115
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	60	50	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	10	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	1,720	1,015	710
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	70	45	25
All industries¹⁹¹	1,650	970	680
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0
22 Utilities	15	15	0
23 Construction	15	0	10
31-33 Manufacturing	70	50	20
41 Wholesale trade	80	50	35
44-45 Retail trade	100	55	45
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	70	40	25
51 Information and cultural industries	95	55	35
52 Finance and insurance	150	90	55
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	35	25	15
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	440	295	140
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	45	25	25
61 Educational services	155	70	85
62 Health care and social assistance	115	50	70
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20	10	10
72 Accommodation and food services	110	70	40
81 Other services (except public administration)	55	30	30
91 Public administration	75	30	40
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,795	1,025	770
English	625	355	265
French	220	100	125
Non-official language	25	0	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	0	20
English and French	790	505	285
English and non-official language(s)	80	25	55
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	30	30
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,795	1,025	770
Single responses	1,435	820	615
Official languages	1,395	810	590
English	920	525	395
French	480	280	195
Non-official languages	35	10	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	10	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	0
Chinese languages	15	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	360	205	155
English and French	285	170	120
English and non-official language(s)	60	35	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,795	1,025	770
None	1,195	650	540
English	260	180	85
French	285	175	110
Non-official language	45	10	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	10	35
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	1,520	900	620
Worked at home	860	490	375
Worked outside Canada	15	0	10
No fixed workplace address	90	70	20
Usual place of work	560	340	220
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	555	340	220
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	460	300	160
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	0	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	70	30	45
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	645	405	240
Car, truck or van	280	180	100
Car, truck or van - as a driver	265	175	95
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	0	0
Public transit	125	60	70
Walked	210	155	55
Bicycle	0	0	0
Other method	20	10	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	645	405	240
Less than 15 minutes	165	120	45
15 to 29 minutes	265	170	95
30 to 44 minutes	150	90	65
45 to 59 minutes	40	10	25
60 minutes and over	25	15	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	645	405	240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	55	35	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	130	85	50
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	190	120	75
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	180	110	70
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	80	55	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	230	130	100
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	75	45	30
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	160	90	70
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	130	75	50
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60	35	25
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	60	35	25
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	70	40	30

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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