Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24663362More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24661362More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			24661123More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	943	...	...	801	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	544	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	506	...	...	402	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	231	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	470	...	...	379	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	401.9	...	...	6,554.8	...	...	6.5	...	...	16,190.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2.35	...	...	0.12	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	0.03	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	940	430	510	800	370	430	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	540	270	275
0 to 14 years	95	50	40	155	75	75	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	120	60	55
0 to 4 years	30	15	10	45	20	20	422,980	217,145	205,840	30	20	10
5 to 9 years	30	15	15	55	30	30	478,955	245,295	233,665	40	25	20
10 to 14 years	45	25	20	50	20	30	489,425	250,855	238,570	45	15	30
15 to 64 years	655	305	350	520	245	275	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	350	170	185
15 to 19 years	55	15	35	50	20	30	429,400	219,400	209,995	50	30	20
20 to 24 years	85	40	45	50	20	35	460,660	235,250	225,405	45	25	20
25 to 29 years	75	50	25	70	40	30	527,150	266,455	260,700	30	15	10
30 to 34 years	85	35	50	50	25	20	536,040	267,770	268,270	20	5	10
35 to 39 years	65	25	35	50	25	25	550,425	274,350	276,075	30	15	15
40 to 44 years	55	30	25	60	30	35	572,565	286,405	286,160	35	10	20
45 to 49 years	45	20	25	50	25	25	516,465	259,565	256,905	35	10	25
50 to 54 years	60	30	30	60	30	35	522,935	262,610	260,325	40	20	20
55 to 59 years	65	30	35	40	20	20	615,690	307,230	308,465	45	20	20
60 to 64 years	65	30	35	45	15	30	625,610	307,710	317,900	30	10	20
65 years and over	195	70	120	130	55	70	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	75	40	30
65 to 69 years	60	30	30	45	20	30	541,970	264,020	277,950	30	20	10
70 to 74 years	50	20	35	30	10	20	455,900	217,985	237,910	15	5	5
75 to 79 years	35	10	25	20	10	10	330,840	153,790	177,050	15	10	10
80 to 84 years	25	5	20	20	10	5	210,405	90,825	119,580	10	5	5
85 years and over	25	10	15	15	5	5	214,415	75,305	139,115	5	5	5
85 to 89 years	15	5	5	10	0	5	131,755	50,610	81,150	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	5	0	0	65,020	20,490	44,535	5	0	0
95 to 99 years	5	0	5	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10.1	11.6	7.8	19.4	20.3	17.4	16.4	17.0	15.8	22.2	22.2	20.0
15 to 64 years	69.7	70.9	68.6	65.0	66.2	64.0	63.0	63.9	62.1	64.8	63.0	67.3
65 years and over	20.7	16.3	23.5	16.3	14.9	16.3	20.6	19.1	22.1	13.9	14.8	10.9
85 years and over	2.7	2.3	2.9	1.9	1.4	1.2	2.5	1.8	3.2	0.9	1.9	1.8
Average age of the population	43.3	41.0	45.2	38.8	38.0	39.5	42.8	41.8	43.7	37.1	36.0	38.2
Median age of the population	40.8	38.8	43.6	38.0	36.4	39.6	43.2	42.0	44.0	37.2	31.4	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	470	...	...	380	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Single-detached house	40	...	...	0	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	35	...	...	0	...	...	199,080	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	55	...	...	0	...	...	98,625	...	...	45	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	0	...	...	271,245	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	210	...	...	295	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	105	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	125	...	...	85	...	...	225,745	...	...	65	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	470	...	...	380	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
1 person	190	...	...	155	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	80	...	...
2 persons	160	...	...	120	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	50	...	...
3 persons	70	...	...	45	...	...	480,135	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	45	...	...	427,605	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	20	...	...	228,060	...	...	25	...	...
Number of persons in private households	945	435	510	805	370	430	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	545	270	270
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.1	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	845	375	465	650	300	350	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	420	210	215
Married or living common-law	440	220	220	325	170	160	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	150	80	70
Married	325	155	170	205	105	100	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	120	60	65
Living common-law	115	60	50	125	65	60	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	30	15	10
Living common law - Never married	90	45	45	100	50	45	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	20	10	10
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	25	15	10	25	10	15	261,885	135,520	126,370	5	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	410	160	245	320	135	190	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	270	135	140
Not married and not living common law - Never married	300	135	170	235	110	125	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	185	105	80
Not married and not living common law - Separated	20	5	10	15	10	10	106,275	48,095	58,175	15	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	60	20	35	50	15	35	494,210	197,455	296,755	55	15	45
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	30	0	25	20	5	20	380,100	89,515	290,580	20	5	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	245	...	...	200	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	140	...	...
2 persons	145	...	...	95	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	55	...	...
3 persons	55	...	...	45	...	...	454,980	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	45	...	...	412,850	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	15	...	...	187,600	...	...	20	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	245	...	...	200	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	135	...	...
Total couple families	210	...	...	160	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	75	...	...
Married couples	150	...	...	95	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	55	...	...
With children⁶	70	...	...	70	...	...	502,020	...	...	45	...	...
Without children	80	...	...	30	...	...	609,605	...	...	15	...	...
Common-law couples	55	...	...	60	...	...	828,005	...	...	15	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	20	...	...	401,885	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	40	...	...	426,120	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	35	...	...	40	...	...	383,775	...	...	65	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	30	...	...	35	...	...	284,025	...	...	55	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	10	...	...	99,755	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	945	435	515	805	370	430	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	545	270	270
Total - Persons in census families	660	330	335	585	280	310	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	445	220	230
Married spouses or common-law partners	420	215	205	320	160	160	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	140	75	70
Parents in one-parent families	35	10	25	45	10	30	383,780	99,755	284,020	65	10	55
Children⁶	205	105	100	225	110	120	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	235	135	105
In a two-parent family	155	85	70	170	75	90	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	125	70	60
In a one-parent family	50	25	25	60	30	30	585,820	317,400	268,415	110	65	50
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	285	105	175	215	95	120	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	95	55	45
Living alone	190	65	125	155	60	100	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	80	45	35
Living with other relatives⁷	20	5	15	10	5	10	165,070	74,060	91,005	10	5	10
Living with non-relatives only	70	35	40	50	30	15	268,810	158,325	110,485	5	5	0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	470	...	...	380	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	230	...	...	195	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	125	...	...
Couple-family households	200	...	...	150	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	65	...	...
With children⁶	90	...	...	90	...	...	851,835	...	...	45	...	...
Without children	115	...	...	65	...	...	982,260	...	...	20	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	40	...	...	331,395	...	...	60	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	0	...	...	50,790	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	10	...	...	66,750	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	35	...	...	25	...	...	139,280	...	...	5	...	...
One-person households	190	...	...	155	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	80	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	845	380	470	650	295	350	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	425	205	215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	825	365	460	635	295	335	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	400	200	210
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	51,600	42,000	45,200	50,400	42,000	40,800	44,800	37,200	21,600	21,000	22,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	825	365	460	635	295	335	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	400	200	210
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,400	37,200	40,000	43,200	38,400	36,400	39,200	33,600	21,400	21,000	22,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	760	340	420	580	280	300	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	225	110	115
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,400	33,600	40,400	46,400	33,600	33,600	39,600	28,000	14,900	16,800	13,300
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	555	265	285	475	230	250	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	185	95	90
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	45,600	37,600	36,400	44,000	29,200	36,000	40,400	31,600	19,200	19,200	17,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	610	270	345	495	210	285	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	360	170	195
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	6,800	10,100	11,400	11,700	10,700	11,500	10,200	12,300	15,100	14,000	16,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50	30	25	60	30	30	837,635	441,080	396,550	40	15	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,080	5,440	6,000	6,280	5,680	5,520	5,520	5,600	5,480	x	5,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	245	125	120	205	100	105	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	110	55	55
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,650	7,500	10,000	10,300	8,000	7,000	6,500	8,000	10,000	10,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	885	415	470	700	345	350	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	460	225	235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	850	395	460	685	345	340	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	440	210	225
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	104,200	147,500	66,800	58,200	69,600	46,800	51,160	57,550	44,960	39,800	38,000	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	850	395	460	685	345	340	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	440	210	225
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	72,400	97,200	51,000	46,200	52,200	40,000	41,840	45,760	38,000	32,200	32,000	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	805	370	430	625	325	295	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	250	125	120
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	102,800	149,500	63,200	53,400	65,200	40,400	45,480	52,900	38,000	46,000	46,000	46,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	620	300	310	505	270	235	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	200	105	95
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	96,800	138,000	56,800	50,600	64,000	35,200	46,240	51,950	40,040	51,600	49,000	55,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	605	280	325	540	245	290	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	400	185	215
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,440	10,800	10,160	11,880	10,200	13,200	12,410	11,500	13,220	15,500	13,600	17,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60	40	20	50	20	30	837,180	441,665	395,515	30	15	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,600	5,000	8,400	7,600	9,000	7,040	6,380	7,780	6,800	5,000	...
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	220	110	105	200	110	90	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	125	70	55
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,100	10,000	8,000	10,200	11,200	9,000	8,130	7,910	8,390	8,600	8,800	8,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	885	420	470	695	345	355	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	460	225	235
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	275	130	145	240	150	90	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	55	20	40
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	86,000	96,000	62,800	82,000	94,000	60,400	58,400	62,800	53,600	102,000	x	x
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	180,000	276,000	92,000	83,000	94,000	63,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	132,000	140,000	120,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	270	135	135	205	100	105	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	95	60	35
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	20,000	23,000	17,400	11,800	18,000	18,600	21,400	16,600	4,880	8,700	x
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,200	32,500	34,000	23,600	26,400	21,200	28,160	32,120	24,360	23,600	31,000	11,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	92.8	95.0	89.0	84.0	89.0	75.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	65.0	70.0	60.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.0	72.0	58.0	64.5	72.0	52.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	60.0	64.0	56.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	7.1	5.2	10.8	16.2	10.6	24.4	20.1	15.8	25.6	35.2	30.8	39.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.3	0.4	0.3	1.1	0.7	1.6	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.2	1.0	x
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.5	2.1	3.1	5.7	5.6	5.9	5.4	4.8	6.1	7.5	8.4	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.2	2.0	2.7	5.1	5.2	5.0	4.6	4.3	5.1	6.0	7.2	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	845	375	465	650	300	350	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	420	210	215
Without total income	20	10	10	15	0	15	179,955	87,650	92,310	20	10	5
With total income	825	370	455	630	295	335	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	405	195	205
Under $10,000 (including loss)	110	35	75	60	30	30	462,400	204,245	258,155	60	35	30
$10,000 to $19,999	85	30	55	60	25	30	809,375	334,315	475,065	100	50	45
$20,000 to $29,999	100	55	50	95	40	55	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	105	55	50
$30,000 to $39,999	75	25	50	70	30	40	896,520	414,070	482,445	45	10	30
$40,000 to $49,999	75	30	40	60	25	40	849,005	411,680	437,325	20	10	10
$50,000 to $59,999	55	20	25	45	25	20	687,020	345,720	341,305	15	5	15
$60,000 to $69,999	55	15	40	40	15	30	503,110	271,695	231,415	5	0	5
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	10	30	20	15	367,455	208,475	158,980	5	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	35	20	15	25	10	20	284,690	158,760	125,930	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	25	10	10	30	15	10	198,140	112,355	85,780	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	195	100	95	125	75	50	556,780	365,700	191,080	35	20	10
$100,000 to $149,999	85	35	50	75	45	35	385,890	245,635	140,260	15	10	5
$150,000 and over	105	65	40	45	30	20	170,890	120,065	50,820	20	10	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	845	375	465	650	300	350	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	420	210	215
Without after-tax income	20	10	10	15	0	10	177,960	86,610	91,355	20	10	5
With after-tax income	825	370	455	635	295	340	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	405	195	205
Under $10,000 (including loss)	115	40	75	65	30	35	495,035	214,000	281,030	60	35	30
$10,000 to $19,999	85	35	55	65	35	30	853,250	356,480	496,765	100	55	45
$20,000 to $29,999	125	60	65	105	35	65	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	110	50	60
$30,000 to $39,999	90	40	55	85	35	50	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	45	15	30
$40,000 to $49,999	85	35	55	60	30	30	994,235	505,970	488,265	25	10	15
$50,000 to $59,999	60	25	40	55	20	35	691,015	372,870	318,145	15	5	10
$60,000 to $69,999	40	25	15	50	15	35	459,665	251,490	208,170	10	0	10
$70,000 to $79,999	40	25	15	40	20	15	292,135	160,985	131,150	0	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	40	15	30	25	20	10	174,905	104,610	70,295	5	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	20	10	10	20	10	5	106,165	67,055	39,105	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	120	65	50	65	40	30	229,765	156,750	73,020	25	15	10
$100,000 to $124,999	40	25	20	35	20	10	119,125	78,615	40,515	15	10	5
$125,000 and over	80	45	30	35	15	15	110,635	78,130	32,505	10	5	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	845	375	465	650	300	350	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	420	210	215
Without employment income	290	110	180	170	70	100	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	235	115	125
With employment income	555	265	290	475	230	245	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	190	100	95
Under $5,000 (including loss)	70	35	35	85	35	50	644,075	331,770	312,300	50	30	25
$5,000 to $9,999	55	25	30	40	20	25	401,185	180,585	220,595	20	10	15
$10,000 to $19,999	60	25	35	50	25	25	603,350	273,725	329,620	25	15	10
$20,000 to $29,999	50	20	25	40	15	25	495,105	228,670	266,435	20	5	10
$30,000 to $39,999	30	10	15	30	15	10	488,000	239,620	248,380	15	10	5
$40,000 to $49,999	45	15	25	30	15	10	485,845	242,230	243,610	5	0	5
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	20	30	20	10	403,980	217,425	186,560	5	0	5
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	15	20	5	15	320,700	184,770	135,935	0	0	0
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	5	25	15	10	250,635	147,020	103,615	0	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	25	15	10	25	10	15	218,100	120,085	98,020	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	25	15	15	15	10	5	141,540	86,090	55,450	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	125	65	55	95	55	35	422,055	285,910	136,145	35	20	15
$100,000 to $124,999	25	15	15	25	20	10	205,085	133,500	71,585	5	5	0
$125,000 and over	95	55	35	65	35	30	216,965	152,410	64,555	25	15	10
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	845	380	470	650	295	350	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	425	205	215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	780	350	425	600	280	320	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	380	185	195
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	50,800	42,800	44,000	51,200	40,400	38,400	43,200	34,000	20,000	18,400	21,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	780	350	425	600	280	320	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	380	185	195
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	42,800	37,200	39,600	44,400	36,800	34,000	37,600	30,600	20,000	18,200	21,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	730	335	395	575	270	300	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	225	115	105
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	47,600	37,200	41,200	47,600	34,000	34,800	40,400	29,200	17,000	15,900	20,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	570	285	290	490	230	255	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	185	100	85
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	40,800	36,800	36,400	46,000	25,800	36,400	41,200	31,800	22,200	16,400	25,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	530	225	310	440	185	255	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	335	150	185
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,680	1,900	4,240	4,520	2,740	5,720	7,800	5,640	9,100	11,000	9,200	14,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	30	15	20	40	15	25	727,165	390,255	336,910	15	10	5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,840	x	x	5,040	x	3,840	5,000	4,760	5,280	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	885	415	470	700	345	350	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	460	225	235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	800	375	425	640	320	315	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	395	195	200
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	91,800	126,000	62,000	61,200	74,800	47,200	48,600	55,500	41,880	38,400	36,400	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	800	375	425	640	320	315	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	395	195	200
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,600	83,600	48,000	48,800	58,200	39,200	39,600	44,000	35,320	31,000	30,600	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	735	345	390	600	320	285	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	235	135	100
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	95,000	131,500	62,600	58,200	71,500	43,600	45,920	53,800	37,920	45,200	42,000	49,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	605	310	295	510	275	235	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	190	105	85
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	75,600	96,000	54,000	54,800	70,000	37,200	46,240	52,450	39,520	52,400	49,000	57,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	530	230	300	490	220	270	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	350	160	200
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,120	6,800	7,350	8,320	6,800	9,600	9,450	8,430	10,320	12,760	10,200	14,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30	0	15	40	25	20	727,815	390,880	336,935	0	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,000	...	12,000	7,200	10,000	4,000	7,020	5,975	8,230	...	...	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	885	420	470	695	345	355	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	460	225	235
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	280	135	145	250	150	95	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	60	25	40
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	73,500	80,000	64,500	72,500	83,000	56,800	54,800	60,000	49,200	90,000	x	43,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	130,000	184,000	79,000	77,000	90,000	57,000	65,400	72,900	56,600	112,000	120,000	110,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	240	130	115	195	105	95	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	65	40	20
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	16,200	18,600	23,800	27,200	16,600	23,600	27,200	21,000	15,700	17,400	x
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,000	32,500	39,500	42,800	51,000	33,500	33,000	37,800	28,360	37,000	46,000	18,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.8	97.0	92.0	90.0	94.0	82.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	70.0	78.0	64.0
Employment income (%)	62.0	63.0	60.0	71.5	79.0	58.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	65.0	72.0	60.0
Government transfers (%)	5.1	3.4	8.2	10.4	6.2	17.2	14.9	10.8	20.2	29.8	22.0	37.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	x	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.5	1.6	1.3	2.0	x	x	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	470	...	...	380	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	40,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	63,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	190	...	...	155	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	80	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	56,000	...	...	38,800	...	...	21,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	47,200	...	...	34,400	...	...	21,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	280	...	...	225	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	109,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	59,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	56,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	490	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	182,000	...	...	99,200	...	...	92,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	78,800	...	...	75,200	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	200	...	...	165	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	62,400	...	...	47,680	...	...	26,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	46,800	...	...	39,640	...	...	25,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	290	...	...	235	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	145	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	224,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	101,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	470	...	...	380	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	5	...	...	35,920	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	23,880	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	52,080	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	82,470	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	218,185	...	...	45	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	144,420	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	143,285	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	172,005	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	174,790	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	166,990	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	40	...	...	310,880	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	25	...	...	280,505	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	255,770	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	30	...	...	235,235	...	...	0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	208,320	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	215	...	...	165	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	40	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	50	...	...	45	...	...	414,805	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	282,590	...	...	5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	45	...	...	40	...	...	307,835	...	...	5	...	...
$200,000 and over	90	...	...	55	...	...	239,060	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	470	...	...	380	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	5	...	...	40,590	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	24,960	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	53,600	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	87,695	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	234,875	...	...	50	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	177,135	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	180,150	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	213,760	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	210,280	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	193,530	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40	...	...	40	...	...	356,325	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	25	...	...	322,530	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	25	...	...	289,580	...	...	10	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	30	...	...	35	...	...	254,885	...	...	5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	216,370	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	160	...	...	120	...	...	892,775	...	...	35	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	35	...	...	40	...	...	387,835	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	30	...	...	25	...	...	225,830	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	90	...	...	50	...	...	279,105	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	255	...	...	205	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	135	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	120	...	...	70	...	...	991,710	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	85	...	...	90	...	...	907,765	...	...	50	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	180,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	111,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	40	...	...	368,845	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	69,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	61,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	260	95	165	200	90	110	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	85	50	40
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	33,600	41,200	45,200	44,000	46,000	36,800	39,200	34,800	21,000	21,000	21,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	31,400	36,400	38,400	36,400	40,000	33,200	34,800	31,600	21,000	21,000	21,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	255	...	...	205	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	140	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	242,000	...	...	133,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	95,100	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	110	...	...	70	...	...	992,110	...	...	20	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	272,000	...	...	156,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	56,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	176,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	56,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	110	...	...	100	...	...	909,160	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	260,000	...	...	134,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	175,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	124,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	30	...	...	367,155	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	78,700	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	295	125	165	225	115	110	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	85	40	40
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	92,000	118,000	72,000	54,000	60,000	47,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	27,600	31,000	24,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	75,000	98,000	58,000	41,600	44,000	39,500	38,040	39,400	36,640	25,600	29,000	23,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	940	430	510	800	375	425	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	545	275	275
0 to 17 years	130	65	65	180	85	95	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	150	80	70
0 to 5 years	35	25	15	55	30	25	515,725	264,785	250,935	40	25	15
18 to 64 years	620	295	325	495	235	255	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	315	150	170
65 years and over	195	70	120	130	55	70	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	75	40	30
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	140	55	85	100	40	55	992,235	463,295	528,940	210	100	105
0 to 17 years	15	10	15	20	10	10	159,530	82,000	77,530	55	30	25
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	5	0	5	53,105	27,240	25,870	15	10	5
18 to 64 years	95	40	55	65	30	35	515,470	256,435	259,035	105	50	60
65 years and over	25	10	20	15	5	10	317,235	124,865	192,370	45	25	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.8	12.4	16.8	12.2	11.2	13.2	11.9	11.2	12.7	38.0	38.0	38.0
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	12.0	18.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	9.7	9.7	9.7	36.0	38.0	34.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.0	x	x	10.3	10.3	10.3	32.0	25.0	40.0
18 to 64 years (%)	15.4	13.6	17.0	13.6	12.0	14.0	10.2	10.1	10.2	34.0	32.0	36.0
65 years and over (%)	13.0	8.0	16.0	10.0	8.0	12.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	60.0	60.0	60.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	945	435	515	805	370	430	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	545	270	270
0 to 17 years	130	65	65	180	80	100	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	155	80	75
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	55	30	25	511,400	262,535	248,860	40	25	10
18 to 64 years	620	295	330	490	235	260	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	315	150	165
65 years and over	190	75	120	125	55	75	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	75	45	35
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	115	45	70	65	30	30	439,850	223,055	216,795	130	65	65
0 to 17 years	15	5	10	10	5	5	61,665	31,610	30,060	30	15	15
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,815	10,190	9,630	5	5	5
18 to 64 years	90	40	50	45	25	25	313,970	167,015	146,955	70	30	40
65 years and over	10	0	10	5	0	0	64,210	24,430	39,780	30	20	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	12.4	10.4	14.0	7.6	7.6	7.6	5.3	5.4	5.2	24.0	24.0	24.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	x	16.0	6.0	x	5.0	3.8	3.8	3.8	19.0	18.0	20.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	20.0	20.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	14.6	13.6	15.6	9.2	10.0	9.0	6.2	6.6	5.8	22.0	19.0	24.0
65 years and over (%)	6.0	x	8.0	4.0	x	5.0	4.0	3.3	4.7	44.0	48.0	36.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	940	430	510	800	370	430	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	540	270	275
In bottom half of the distribution	415	185	235	395	190	210	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	440	215	230
In bottom decile	150	60	90	90	45	50	851,840	407,705	444,140	185	95	90
In second decile	105	55	55	100	45	50	920,490	434,730	485,760	120	55	60
In third decile	65	25	40	70	35	30	969,255	471,650	497,600	85	40	45
In fourth decile	40	15	25	85	40	40	978,345	482,760	495,590	20	5	15
In fifth decile	55	30	30	55	25	25	947,090	473,285	473,810	35	10	15
In top half of the distribution	525	250	275	405	185	220	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	105	60	45
In sixth decile	60	30	35	60	30	35	899,660	454,970	444,690	15	0	10
In seventh decile	70	35	30	70	35	40	837,225	425,400	411,830	0	0	0
In eighth decile	65	35	30	90	40	45	752,410	383,450	368,955	15	0	0
In ninth decile	75	30	40	90	40	55	634,425	325,700	308,730	20	15	5
In top decile	260	125	140	95	45	50	517,725	267,160	250,565	50	30	20
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	945	...	...	805	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	545	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.534	...	...	0.397	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.456	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.596	...	...	0.503	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.756	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.458	...	...	0.330	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.376	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	7.3	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.4	...	...	5.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	945	435	515	800	370	430	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	545	270	270
English only	165	70	95	95	60	35	445,575	228,840	216,735	120	60	60
French only	45	20	20	115	45	70	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	120	55	60
English and French	720	330	385	575	260	315	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	285	150	135
Neither English nor French	15	5	10	15	5	10	82,075	35,200	46,875	25	5	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	945	435	515	800	370	430	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	545	270	270
English	480	225	255	195	110	85	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	175	90	85
French	350	160	185	530	235	300	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	255	135	120
English and French	100	50	55	50	20	35	329,515	169,050	160,465	85	40	50
Neither English nor French	15	5	10	15	5	10	79,000	33,590	45,410	25	5	15
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	945	435	515	800	370	430	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	545	270	270
Single responses	875	405	475	740	345	395	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	475	240	240
Official languages	525	240	285	550	250	295	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	220	120	95
English	260	115	140	100	55	40	639,365	323,170	316,195	90	45	45
French	265	120	145	445	190	255	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	130	75	55
Non-official languages	355	165	185	195	90	100	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	255	115	140
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	290	275	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	300	310	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	115	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	110	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	410	450	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	385	435	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	355	165	185	195	90	100	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	255	115	140
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	35	20	15	233,220	122,895	110,320	60	30	30
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	125	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	510	470	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	235	190	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	280	280	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	170	150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	10	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	15	15	35	15	15	204,600	107,735	96,865	50	25	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	345	385	0	0	0
Arabic	35	15	20	30	15	10	198,785	104,765	94,020	50	25	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	5	5	3,680	1,930	1,750	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	415	395	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	37,425	17,185	20,240	20	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	10	5	5
Vietnamese	0	0	0	5	0	0	28,630	13,180	15,450	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	175	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	205	385	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	255	475	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	325	310	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	50	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	62,640	28,375	34,265	15	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,475	20,690	25,785	5	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	250	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925	5	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	220	110	115	140	65	80	595,790	290,670	305,115	130	55	75
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	0	10	5	5	16,890	8,225	8,670	0	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	30	25	10	5	10	68,295	30,855	37,435	20	5	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	285	440	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	100	135	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	185	300	0	0	0
Slavic languages	55	30	25	10	5	10	67,565	30,570	36,995	20	5	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	5	5	0	5	12,495	5,380	7,120	5	0	5
Russian	25	10	15	5	0	0	31,700	14,115	17,590	15	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	120	125	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	380	475	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	265	335	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	60	30	30	25,580	12,440	13,140	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	5	60	30	30	21,145	10,240	10,910	0	0	0
German	10	0	5	10	0	5	11,055	5,090	5,970	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	50	25	25	8,980	4,585	4,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	260	275	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	30	15	15	34,080	16,735	17,345	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	30	5	5	0	101,450	52,780	48,665	65	30	40
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	63,025	33,465	29,555	55	20	35
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920	35	15	20
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	285	235	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855	5	0	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	375	350	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	15	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0
Iranian languages	55	30	25	5	0	0	38,400	19,305	19,090	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	0	0	0
Persian languages	55	30	25	5	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850	5	5	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	55	30	25	5	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	45	50	30	10	15	346,000	167,870	178,130	40	20	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Italian	25	15	15	10	5	0	90,940	44,080	46,865	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	5	0	0	41,545	19,890	21,650	0	0	0
Romanian	15	5	5	0	0	0	35,810	17,115	18,695	0	0	0
Spanish	50	25	25	15	5	15	177,155	86,490	90,660	40	20	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	0	0	0
Korean	15	5	10	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865	10	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	490	490	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	535	465	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	175	95	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	435	475	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	470	410	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	450	400	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	485	445	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	25	35	5	0	5	87,540	40,170	47,375	15	10	10
Chinese languages	60	25	35	5	0	5	87,155	39,990	47,160	15	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	200	270	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	20	30	5	0	5	57,445	26,210	31,235	15	10	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	365	430	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	10	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	175	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	5	5	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	60	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	120	190	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0
Multiple responses	65	25	35	65	30	30	308,550	155,455	153,095	65	35	35
English and French	30	10	20	20	15	10	126,405	64,585	61,820	15	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	10	5	0	49,485	24,660	24,825	15	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	20	5	10	94,205	46,880	47,320	25	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	5	28,685	14,700	13,985	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	945	435	515	800	370	430	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	545	270	270
English	290	135	155	85	50	30	623,305	313,780	309,520	75	35	35
French	185	85	100	385	165	220	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	135	75	60
Non-official language	115	50	65	70	30	40	366,730	177,410	189,315	90	35	55
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	115	50	65	70	30	40	343,650	165,830	177,825	90	35	55
English and French	135	65	70	95	45	45	497,380	256,735	240,645	35	20	15
English and non-official language(s)	90	40	50	40	25	20	205,755	102,290	103,470	55	30	30
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	40	20	25	375,795	179,585	196,210	75	40	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	40	60	80	35	45	284,940	141,275	143,665	75	35	35
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,125	9,545	10,585	10	0	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	945	435	515	800	370	430	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	545	270	270
Single responses	855	395	460	740	345	400	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	465	235	230
Official languages	680	315	370	635	295	340	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	295	160	140
English	410	195	220	135	75	60	874,185	438,570	435,615	105	55	50
French	270	120	150	500	220	285	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	195	105	85
Non-official languages	175	80	95	110	50	55	662,615	322,860	339,750	170	75	100
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	80	95	110	50	55	628,365	305,820	322,555	170	75	100
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	5	5	5	116,685	59,645	57,040	20	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	365	305	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	90	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	165	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	115	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	280	325	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	315	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	5	10	5	5	5	104,890	53,505	51,380	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	155	175	0	0	0
Arabic	20	5	10	5	0	5	102,120	52,125	49,990	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	190	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	75	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	105	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	250	240	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,500	11,410	13,090	20	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	5	5	5
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405	10	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	100	125	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	240	320	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	325	285	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	145	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	145	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,985	11,815	15,170	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	125	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	110	55	50	95	40	50	336,635	164,100	172,535	105	40	60
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	15	0	0	0	39,725	18,855	20,870	15	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	20	15	0	0	0	39,575	18,795	20,775	15	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	200	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685	5	0	0
Russian	15	10	10	0	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960	15	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	445	505	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	85	115	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	85	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	50	20	25	10,320	5,250	5,075	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	75	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	50	20	25	9,600	4,930	4,675	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	125	115	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	50	20	25	7,680	4,000	3,675	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	200	215	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	145	155	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	20	10	15	15,235	7,015	8,220	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	20	20	5	0	0	74,455	38,045	36,410	55	25	35
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,420	24,225	22,195	50	20	30
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405	40	15	20
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	135	120	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	445	430	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	205	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	10	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	20	20	5	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	325	300	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	0	0	0
Persian languages	45	20	20	5	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355	5	5	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	45	20	20	5	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	15	10	0	10	182,585	88,060	94,525	30	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,290	11,205	15,085	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,885	9,965	10,920	0	0	0
Romanian	5	5	5	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355	0	0	0
Spanish	25	15	15	5	0	5	112,915	55,870	57,050	30	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	235	245	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	445	410	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	415	545	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	410	525	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	75	35	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	100	145	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	320	400	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	195	200	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	185	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	165	135	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	345	205	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	25	0	0	0	67,120	31,725	35,390	15	5	5
Chinese languages	35	15	25	0	0	0	66,880	31,610	35,275	15	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	80	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	15	20	0	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	445	430	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	95	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	95	75	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	85	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Multiple responses	90	40	50	60	30	30	357,245	176,070	181,175	80	40	40
English and French	30	15	20	25	15	10	137,120	69,025	68,095	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	15	5	10	60,495	29,540	30,950	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	10	5	5	116,595	56,445	60,150	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	10	5	5	39,875	19,575	20,300	20	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	945	435	515	805	370	430	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	545	270	270
None	650	300	355	585	270	315	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	350	170	180
English	95	45	50	70	40	35	353,690	183,470	170,225	45	20	25
French	75	35	35	30	10	25	259,425	127,380	132,040	35	20	15
Non-official language	45	20	25	45	20	25	269,715	129,830	139,890	70	35	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	20	25	45	20	25	264,405	127,330	137,070	70	35	35
English and French	10	5	5	5	0	5	61,955	31,425	30,525	20	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	40	20	20	76,755	38,765	37,990	10	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	15	5	5	55,860	26,915	28,945	0	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	5	7,295	3,700	3,595	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	19,290	9,695	9,595	5	5	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,000	470	530	890	435	455	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	585	310	280
Official languages	995	470	525	865	430	435	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	575	305	265
English	945	445	505	770	400	370	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	510	265	240
French	835	375	460	725	340	385	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	435	235	195
Non-official languages	595	295	300	460	200	260	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	385	185	200
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	160	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	110	100	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	110	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	100	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	45	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	595	295	300	460	200	260	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	385	185	200
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	85	45	75	35	35	385,210	201,105	184,100	115	70	50
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	25	10	15
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages	115	70	40	70	30	35	363,875	190,005	173,870	90	55	35
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	0	0	0
Arabic	90	55	30	65	25	35	343,675	179,750	163,930	90	55	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	460	480	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	310	345	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	30	15	15	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	150	190	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	285	370	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	275	320	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	195	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	0	15	0	15	135,275	62,040	73,235	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	15	0	15	118,010	53,530	64,480	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	165	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	530	395	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	395	195	200	375	155	220	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	290	130	160
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0	0	0
Armenian	20	10	10	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	55	35	35	0	35	95,385	45,060	50,330	30	15	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	290	375	0	0	0
Slavic languages	85	55	35	35	0	35	94,580	44,695	49,885	30	15	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	30	0	20	8,110	3,950	4,165	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	205	250	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	0	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	0	0	0
Russian	80	45	35	0	0	0	55,485	26,345	29,135	30	15	15
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	340	465	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	375	295	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	45	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	80	0	0	0
Germanic languages	45	15	25	175	75	100	65,625	33,305	32,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
High German languages	40	15	25	175	75	100	57,640	29,540	28,105	0	0	0
German	30	10	15	55	15	40	44,170	22,715	21,450	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	0	0	125	60	65	12,825	6,540	6,290	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	295	285	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	340	400	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	395	460	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	375	360	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	115	100	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	60	30	35	50,375	24,835	25,540	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	40	45	15	10	10	136,020	71,180	64,840	145	60	85
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	90,745	48,355	42,395	110	40	70
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	90	40	50
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	155	220	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	60	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	25	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	445	320	0	0	0
Iranian languages	75	35	40	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	40	20	20
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	55	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	0	0	0
Persian languages	75	35	40	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	20	15	10
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	75	35	40	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	20	15	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	180	115	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	100	65	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	210	100	110	135	50	85	684,830	324,095	360,735	105	45	55
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	0	0	0
Italian	45	15	25	20	0	20	168,040	82,400	85,645	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,605	33,005	32,600	0	0	0
Romanian	25	20	0	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	0	0	0
Spanish	155	65	90	115	50	65	453,905	210,400	243,505	105	45	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	150	135	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	125	195	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,835	37,990	37,845	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	225	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	135	150	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	435	315	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	190	155	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	375	195	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	555	440	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	20	35	10	0	0	107,415	49,840	57,575	0	0	0
Chinese languages	55	20	35	10	0	0	106,915	49,630	57,285	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Mandarin	55	20	35	0	0	0	80,520	37,100	43,420	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	190	275	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	30	110	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	570	425	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	155	200	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	155	170	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	90	140	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	430	405	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,000	475	530	890	435	455	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	590	310	275
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15	0	15	0	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15	0	15	0	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	15	0	15	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	990	475	515	885	435	445	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	585	310	270
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,000	475	530	890	435	455	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	590	310	275
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,000	475	530	890	435	455	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	585	310	270
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	490	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Owner	150	...	...	205	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	40	...	...
Renter	335	...	...	195	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	175	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	490	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Condominium	45	...	...	230	...	...	515,590	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	445	...	...	175	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	490	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	140	...	...	100	...	...	623,295	...	...	75	...	...
2 bedrooms	100	...	...	185	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	40	...	...
3 bedrooms	165	...	...	80	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	65	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	60	...	...	30	...	...	730,330	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	490	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	235	...	...	185	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	120	...	...
5 rooms	75	...	...	110	...	...	645,635	...	...	45	...	...
6 rooms	65	...	...	45	...	...	435,225	...	...	20	...	...
7 rooms	40	...	...	40	...	...	403,225	...	...	25	...	...
8 or more rooms	75	...	...	20	...	...	886,180	...	...	10	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.1	...	...	4.7	...	...	5.8	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	490	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
One person or fewer per room	485	...	...	390	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	205	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	48,315	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	490	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Suitable	465	...	...	370	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	210	...	...
Not suitable	30	...	...	30	...	...	142,775	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	490	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
1960 or before	270	...	...	190	...	...	879,375	...	...	30	...	...
1961 to 1980	155	...	...	55	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	90	...	...
1981 to 1990	30	...	...	30	...	...	509,120	...	...	70	...	...
1991 to 2000	20	...	...	65	...	...	385,315	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	10	...	...	198,595	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	15	...	...	231,930	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	30	...	...	212,290	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	217,715	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	490	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	460	...	...	340	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	165	...	...
Major repairs needed	35	...	...	60	...	...	236,110	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	490	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
One-maintainer household	300	...	...	240	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	145	...	...
Two-maintainer household	160	...	...	150	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	65	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	25	...	...	15	...	...	89,875	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	490	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
15 to 24 years	35	...	...	25	...	...	117,525	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	100	...	...	75	...	...	525,540	...	...	10	...	...
35 to 44 years	70	...	...	70	...	...	647,165	...	...	25	...	...
45 to 54 years	80	...	...	75	...	...	628,630	...	...	35	...	...
55 to 64 years	95	...	...	55	...	...	760,395	...	...	70	...	...
65 to 74 years	70	...	...	55	...	...	629,965	...	...	30	...	...
75 to 84 years	15	...	...	40	...	...	336,170	...	...	25	...	...
85 years and over	25	...	...	15	...	...	103,640	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	480	...	...	395	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	215	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	340	...	...	295	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	200	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	145	...	...	100	...	...	595,690	...	...	0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	120	...	...	90	...	...	542,060	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	490	...	...	400	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	180	...	...	165	...	...	901,440	...	...	70	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	125	...	...	80	...	...	537,090	...	...	10	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	20	...	...	112,775	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...	45	...	...	179,840	...	...	45	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	15	...	...	41,740	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	310	...	...	240	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	150	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	455	...	...	385	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	220	...	...
In core need	25	...	...	25	...	...	218,275	...	...	20	...	...
Not in core need	430	...	...	360	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	155	...	...	200	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	40	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.6	...	...	57.5	...	...	62.2	...	...	50.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.9	...	...	17.5	...	...	10.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,720	...	...	1,720	...	...	1,070	...	...	760	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	3,120	...	...	1,900	...	...	1,195	...	...	1,240	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,600,000	...	...	650,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	2,040,000	...	...	695,000	...	...	376,800	...	...	800,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	340	...	...	195	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	180	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...	88.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.5	...	...	34.2	...	...	25.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.1	...	...	10.5	...	...	11.9	...	...	11.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,270	...	...	1,280	...	...	810	...	...	424	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,445	...	...	1,250	...	...	886	...	...	492	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,005	475	525	890	440	450	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	585	310	275
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	365	400	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	40	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10	0	0	35	10	30	203,425	96,595	106,830	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10	0	0	35	10	30	200,985	95,520	105,460	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	25	0	20	177,925	84,210	93,720	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	240	295	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	990	470	520	855	430	425	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	580	310	270
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,005	475	525	890	440	450	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	585	315	275
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	810	375	440	770	360	410	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	540	290	250
Canadian citizens aged under 18	145	65	85	210	85	125	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	165	105	65
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	665	310	355	560	275	290	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	375	190	185
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	190	100	90	115	75	45	518,265	264,490	253,775	45	20	25
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,005	475	525	890	440	450	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	585	315	275
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	485	205	280	570	270	295	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	325	190	135
Immigrants⁸¹	415	215	205	290	145	145	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	255	115	140
Before 1980	90	50	40	55	35	20	187,200	91,895	95,300	35	15	15
1980 to 1990	30	15	10	25	15	0	124,610	61,850	62,755	45	30	20
1991 to 2000	85	45	40	70	20	50	190,495	91,635	98,860	55	30	20
2001 to 2010	90	45	45	65	30	35	312,210	150,825	161,390	65	10	55
2011 to 2021⁸²	120	55	65	75	45	30	396,090	192,745	203,340	60	30	25
2011 to 2015	60	10	45	50	25	25	193,345	93,485	99,855	45	30	20
2016 to 2021	60	40	15	25	20	10	202,740	99,260	103,480	10	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	100	55	45	30	20	15	205,770	113,500	92,275	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	415	215	205	290	150	145	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	255	115	145
Under 5 years	35	15	25	30	20	10	112,295	56,755	55,540	20	15	10
5 to 14 years	125	75	45	50	20	25	201,385	101,555	99,835	50	15	35
15 to 24 years	55	35	20	75	50	25	213,035	96,175	116,860	55	15	35
25 to 44 years	200	85	110	135	50	80	594,845	292,975	301,875	130	70	60
45 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	89,045	41,505	47,540	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	415	215	205	290	150	145	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	255	115	145
Americas	75	35	35	35	20	10	264,885	121,740	143,145	75	40	35
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	10	0	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	10	0	10
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	10	0	0
Mexico	15	0	0	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	10	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	10	10	0
United States of America	20	15	0	25	20	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	10	0	0	61,020	28,545	32,480	35	20	20
Europe	135	80	55	150	75	75	309,015	154,110	154,910	10	0	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	0	0	0
France	20	15	0	70	35	35	93,160	49,870	43,290	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	10	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	35	15	20	16,130	7,790	8,340	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	0	0	0
Italy	15	10	0	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040	0	0	0
Netherlands	10	0	10	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	0	0	0
Poland	15	10	0	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	0	0	0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825	10	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10	10	10	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	15	0	25	10	15	47,310	23,240	24,075	0	0	0
Africa	105	45	55	45	15	30	302,010	153,655	148,355	25	10	15
Algeria	0	0	0	20	10	15	72,835	37,535	35,295	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	0	0	0
Egypt	50	25	30	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	305	300	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	20	10	10	68,865	34,810	34,060	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	350	10	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	15	10	0	0	0	118,820	60,455	58,360	0	0	0
Asia	110	50	55	60	35	20	332,925	158,445	174,475	150	65	85
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	20	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	45	30	20
Lebanon	0	0	0	25	15	10	42,280	22,610	19,670	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	35	20	20	0	0	0	52,500	23,010	29,490	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	55	30	25
India	0	0	0	15	15	0	24,990	12,770	12,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	15	0	15
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	10	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	60	40	20	30	25	10	202,740	99,265	103,480	10	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	130	90	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	0	0	0
Europe	25	15	0	10	10	0	33,705	17,520	16,185	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	240	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	85	15	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	615	360	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	0	0	0	0	70,310	34,215	36,095	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	75	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	525	470	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	0	0	0
Asia	25	15	0	15	10	10	67,305	32,185	35,120	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	0	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	385	325	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	205	185	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	75	250	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	285	275	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	140	100	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	355	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	510	470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	355	160	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	195	95	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	160	60	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,000	470	530	890	435	455	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	590	310	275
First generation¹⁰⁰	550	285	260	340	170	175	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	260	120	140
Second generation¹⁰¹	200	105	100	240	110	130	883,485	446,000	437,490	200	115	90
Third generation or more¹⁰²	250	80	170	310	155	150	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	125	75	45
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	325	165	160	235	110	125	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	225	100	125
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	220	115	105	140	65	75	559,935	290,040	269,895	45	25	15
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	90	30	60	45	25	20	267,870	161,125	106,740	15	10	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	130	85	50	95	45	55	292,070	128,915	163,155	30	15	15
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	70	35	40	80	45	40	272,255	109,735	162,515	40	10	30
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	15	20	0	0	0	175,740	89,995	85,740	105	45	60
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	30	15	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	325	165	160	235	110	125	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	225	100	125
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	10	15	0	0	89,850	47,360	42,495	80	35	45
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	35	20	20	35	10	20	94,185	46,445	47,740	25	15	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	0	10	10	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	20	10	15	15	0	10	48,805	27,680	21,130	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	245	130	115	155	80	80	756,120	358,700	397,420	115	45	75
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,000	470	530	890	435	455	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	590	310	275
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	360	175	185	130	70	65	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	390	190	205
South Asian	25	15	10	20	15	0	127,990	67,140	60,850	100	35	70
Chinese	60	20	45	10	10	0	115,240	51,375	63,865	10	10	0
Black	55	25	25	15	0	15	422,405	206,335	216,070	85	45	40
Filipino	20	10	0	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580	0	0	0
Arab	80	50	30	35	15	15	280,075	146,990	133,085	60	35	25
Latin American	55	30	25	10	0	10	172,925	85,035	87,880	95	50	45
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,455	33,510	36,945	0	0	0
West Asian	60	15	40	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	10	0	10
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	15	10	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	20	0	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	645	295	340	760	375	390	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	190	120	70
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,000	475	530	890	440	450	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	585	310	280
Canadian	50	20	30	120	50	70	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	135	80	55
English	65	25	40	45	30	15	177,710	88,910	88,800	0	0	0
Irish	60	10	50	45	25	25	404,190	193,440	210,745	25	15	15
Scottish	60	20	40	35	15	20	192,685	93,120	99,565	20	10	10
French, n.o.s.¹²²	190	70	120	205	105	105	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	40	30	10
German	40	15	20	40	20	15	124,305	60,295	64,010	0	0	0
Chinese	65	20	45	20	15	0	123,985	55,730	68,255	10	0	0
Italian	70	40	25	45	20	30	316,315	157,600	158,720	0	0	0
Indian (India)	25	15	0	20	15	0	65,790	34,390	31,405	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095	0	0	0
Dutch	25	0	20	15	15	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	0	0	0
Polish	30	15	10	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	20	10	0	931,940	465,630	466,305	15	10	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	25	0	25	10	10	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	0	0	0
Filipino	15	10	0	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760	0	0	0
French Canadian	30	15	20	20	15	10	588,805	290,630	298,180	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	15	10	10	149,955	75,935	74,020	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10	0	0	20	0	15	138,030	64,935	73,095	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	25	10	15	99,420	50,795	48,625	0	0	0
Russian	60	30	25	25	10	10	47,195	21,990	25,200	25	20	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	0	0	0
Welsh	15	0	15	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255	0	0	0
American	25	10	15	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	0	0	0
Spanish	40	10	30	0	0	0	77,735	37,960	39,775	10	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	30	15	15	23,360	11,410	11,950	0	0	0
Acadian	20	0	20	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	25	0	15
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	15	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205	15	10	0
Jewish	80	50	30	110	55	50	57,320	29,015	28,305	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	35	20	15	35	15	20	104,735	55,130	49,610	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	0	60	30	30	69,705	35,085	34,620	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	15	0	10
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	0	0	0
Romanian	20	15	0	0	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995	0	0	0
Lebanese	35	35	0	35	25	15	78,210	40,740	37,470	0	0	0
Iranian	70	25	40	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	15	10	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	0	0	0
Austrian	20	0	15	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	0	0	0
Haitian	20	10	10	10	0	10	156,065	73,495	82,570	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	0	0	0
Mexican	20	10	10	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	325	365	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	20	0	10	22,980	11,870	11,110	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	0	10	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0	0	0
Egyptian	45	20	25	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	10	10	0	81,230	41,590	39,635	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	0	0	0
Syrian	15	10	10	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0	0	0
Persian	20	15	0	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	45	25	20
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,860	33,955	31,905	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	0	0	0
Armenian	10	10	0	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	20	10	10
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	25	15	10
Salvadorean	15	10	0	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	25	10	10
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	10	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	10	10	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	25	15	10	36,540	19,550	16,990	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	355	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	400	400	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	30	0	20	9,500	4,690	4,815	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	175	240	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	40	10	30
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	110	170	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	450	435	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	290	315	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	25	15	10
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	505	475	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	395	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	535	340	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	210	220	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	360	265	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	90	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	405	440	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	130	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	10	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	230	185	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	245	280	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	115	155	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	320	315	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	220	280	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	180	160	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	500	490	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	410	335	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	280	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	165	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	320	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	240	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	435	365	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	485	495	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	130	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	240	280	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	205	115	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	270	250	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	180	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	100	65	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	195	230	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	300	335	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	175	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,000	475	530	890	435	455	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	585	310	275
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,365	21,395	26,980	0	0	0
Christian	405	180	225	330	150	180	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	190	105	85
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	55	25	30	30	25	10	464,020	229,155	234,860	60	35	25
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Anglican	15	0	15	10	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	20	10	10
Catholic	245	105	135	195	90	105	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	80	50	30
Christian Orthodox	35	30	0	80	30	50	145,805	70,840	74,965	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0	0	0
Lutheran	25	0	25	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	10	10	0	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	0	0	0
United Church	10	0	10	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10	0	0	0	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950	10	0	10
Hindu	10	0	0	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345	0	0	0
Jewish	75	35	40	140	75	65	84,530	41,470	43,065	0	0	0
Muslim	90	35	50	50	30	30	421,710	218,255	203,455	250	110	135
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	420	220	200	370	190	180	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	140	85	50
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	995	465	525	875	435	445	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	585	310	275
Non-movers	825	355	475	790	395	400	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	525	280	240
Movers	170	110	60	80	40	45	945,290	466,750	478,540	60	30	35
Non-migrants	90	55	35	80	40	45	543,670	268,740	274,925	60	30	35
Migrants	75	55	20	0	0	0	401,625	198,010	203,615	0	0	0
Internal migrants	40	25	15	0	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	30	20	10	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	10	10	0	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	0	0	0
External migrants	30	25	10	0	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	975	455	520	840	410	425	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	565	290	270
Non-movers	470	185	280	435	205	230	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	345	190	150
Movers	510	270	240	405	205	200	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	220	100	125
Non-migrants	245	115	130	210	95	120	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	215	95	120
Migrants	265	155	110	195	115	80	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	10	0	0
Internal migrants	125	70	50	130	70	60	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	100	60	45	50	25	25	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	20	15	10	75	45	30	83,805	41,925	41,880	0	0	0
External migrants	145	85	60	65	45	20	320,090	166,115	153,975	10	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	885	415	470	695	345	355	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	460	225	235
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	45	15	30	70	30	45	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	125	65	60
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	840	400	440	625	320	310	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	335	165	175
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	555	275	280	450	240	205	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	250	110	145
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20	0	10	15	10	0	642,800	382,415	260,380	50	25	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	540	270	270	430	230	200	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	205	80	120
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	890	415	465	700	350	350	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	460	225	230
No certificate, diploma or degree	35	20	20	75	30	40	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	110	55	55
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	120	80	40	130	70	60	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	190	100	85
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	730	320	410	500	245	250	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	160	70	85
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	180	65	120	120	40	80	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	70	30	35
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	10	10	10	0	10	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	30	15	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	10	10	10	0	10	793,030	427,220	365,815	20	15	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	303,330	239,705	63,620	10	0	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	140	55	90	65	35	25	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	35	15	20
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	0	20	45	0	45	252,815	102,150	150,665	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	545	255	290	380	205	175	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	90	40	50
Bachelor's degree	185	60	125	145	75	70	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	65	30	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	70	40	35	55	30	20	149,425	66,595	82,825	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	15	25	0	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940	0	0	0
Master's degree	175	95	80	130	70	60	360,795	174,150	186,645	20	10	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	75	50	20	40	30	10	63,270	36,320	26,955	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	555	275	280	445	245	205	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	250	105	145
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	15	15	0	525,155	303,815	221,345	40	20	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35	30	10	60	40	25	752,855	388,160	364,700	75	35	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	515	245	270	370	190	175	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	130	50	80
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	100	35	60	50	25	30	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	50	15	35
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15	0	15	0	0	0	836,455	498,385	338,075	15	0	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	0	15	0	0	0	609,895	319,470	290,425	10	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	226,565	178,915	47,650	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	75	30	45	25	25	0	838,140	372,455	465,685	30	10	15
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	20	0	20	174,695	72,115	102,580	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	415	210	210	315	170	145	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	80	35	45
Bachelor's degree	135	50	85	120	65	60	802,755	343,100	459,650	50	15	30
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	40	25	15	40	20	20	119,460	50,155	69,310	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	10	15	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	0	0	0
Master's degree	160	90	75	120	60	55	302,065	140,530	161,530	20	10	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	60	40	20	35	25	15	49,500	26,520	22,985	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	885	420	465	700	345	350	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	460	230	230
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	160	95	60	200	100	100	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	300	160	145
Education	0	0	0	35	0	30	292,470	65,830	226,640	0	0	0
13. Education	0	0	0	35	0	30	292,470	65,830	226,640	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50	25	25	40	10	30	166,900	75,420	91,480	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	10	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	50	25	25	30	10	20	143,365	58,875	84,490	0	0	0
Humanities	75	15	60	75	25	50	228,770	90,810	137,960	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	0	25	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	15	15	10	14,855	4,790	10,065	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	15	0	15	107,105	44,755	62,345	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	10	10	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	0	0	0
54. History	15	0	10	10	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	20	0	20	31,240	9,565	21,680	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	110	20	90	90	25	65	430,845	142,280	288,570	20	0	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	0	20	0	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	20	0	15	40	20	20	77,880	29,725	48,160	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	10	0	10	65,230	15,095	50,135	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	45	10	30	30	0	25	134,510	67,065	67,440	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	160	95	70	105	60	40	950,820	357,290	593,535	40	10	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	305	475	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	0	15	0	10	55,355	12,215	43,145	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	150	90	65	95	60	30	894,690	344,770	549,925	40	10	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	60	30	30	30	20	10	158,655	83,605	75,050	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	35	20	15	20	10	0	57,680	23,925	33,755	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	10	10	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	10	10	0	0	42,530	29,180	13,350	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30	15	15	30	25	0	177,780	124,955	52,825	15	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	10	25	25	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	15	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	95	65	30	50	50	0	866,885	778,835	88,060	30	25	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	0	0	0
14. Engineering	85	60	30	45	45	0	181,290	147,120	34,170	20	10	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	65	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	0	0	0
Health and related fields	120	40	80	35	10	25	515,215	101,455	413,760	15	0	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	100	35	70	35	10	25	470,150	78,875	391,275	15	0	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	270	575	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	0	10	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	291,295	157,925	133,365	10	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	154,335	42,710	111,625	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	320	35	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	555	275	280	450	240	205	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	250	105	145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45	35	10	75	50	30	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	120	55	65
Education	0	0	0	20	0	15	195,595	39,630	155,965	0	0	0
13. Education	0	0	0	20	0	15	195,595	39,630	155,965	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	30	15	20	40	10	30	129,065	58,170	70,895	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	10	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	30	15	20	30	10	20	110,860	45,555	65,305	0	0	0
Humanities	25	0	20	40	15	25	144,140	56,410	87,730	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	15	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10	10	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	10	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	15	0	15	20,500	5,850	14,650	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	80	20	60	70	25	45	334,475	103,635	230,840	20	0	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	15	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	20	0	15	30	15	20	59,965	20,645	39,325	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	10	0	10	48,920	10,080	38,835	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	35	15	20	20	0	15	101,105	49,385	51,720	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	140	75	60	85	50	35	741,390	268,705	472,685	40	10	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	245	300	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	15	0	10	43,070	8,735	34,335	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	130	75	55	70	40	25	697,775	259,725	438,045	40	10	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35	20	15	30	20	10	102,055	53,195	48,865	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	10	0	20	10	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	10	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30	15	15	25	20	0	147,350	104,880	42,465	15	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	10	25	20	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	15	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	85	50	30	40	40	0	665,365	588,950	76,415	25	15	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	0	0	0
14. Engineering	75	45	25	35	35	0	152,450	121,715	30,735	20	10	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	65	105	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	0	0	0
Health and related fields	70	25	45	20	10	10	387,725	74,730	312,995	10	0	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65	25	35	20	10	10	352,905	58,735	294,170	10	0	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	180	550	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	0	0	0	0	229,120	122,320	106,800	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0	0	0	0	120,395	31,320	89,075	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	250	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	770	125	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	555	275	280	450	240	205	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	250	105	145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45	35	10	75	50	30	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	120	55	65
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	510	240	270	370	195	175	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	130	50	80
Location of study inside Canada	335	160	175	260	150	110	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	90	40	50
Same as province or territory of residence	285	150	135	210	120	85	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	80	40	45
Different than province or territory of residence	50	10	35	50	30	20	116,855	57,870	58,990	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	175	80	95	110	40	70	414,490	209,160	205,330	45	15	35
Americas	40	15	25	10	0	10	81,780	40,955	40,820	0	0	0
United States of America	25	10	15	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	10	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	125	95	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0	0	0
Europe	40	15	25	80	40	40	138,260	74,045	64,210	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	60	25	35	77,225	43,085	34,135	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	530	415	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	290	175	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	360	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	15	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	0	0	0
Africa	10	10	0	15	0	15	95,260	49,800	45,460	10	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	10	0	10	19,240	9,910	9,330	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	0	0	0
Asia	75	35	40	15	0	10	96,865	43,055	53,805	20	0	15
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	15	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	380	415	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	0	15	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	235	430	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	410	565	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	215	185	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	890	415	465	700	350	350	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	460	225	230
In the labour force	590	300	285	440	260	180	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	170	85	80
Employed	510	245	270	390	235	155	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	140	75	65
Unemployed	80	60	20	50	25	20	335,015	176,245	158,775	35	15	15
Not in the labour force	295	115	180	255	90	170	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	290	140	150
Participation rate	66.3	72.3	61.3	62.9	74.3	51.4	64.1	67.4	60.9	37.0	37.8	34.8
Employment rate	57.3	59.0	58.1	55.7	67.1	44.3	59.3	62.3	56.3	30.4	33.3	28.3
Unemployment rate	13.6	20.0	7.0	11.4	9.6	11.1	7.6	7.7	7.4	20.6	17.6	18.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	885	420	465	700	345	350	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	460	230	230
Did not work¹⁸⁶	300	120	175	220	75	145	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	295	140	160
Worked	590	295	290	480	270	210	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	160	90	75
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	300	145	155	245	155	95	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	55	20	35
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	290	155	135	230	115	115	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	100	70	35
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.3	37.8	41.0	40.8	42.6	38.4	41.3	41.7	40.8	31.8	30.2	34.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	590	305	285	445	260	185	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	170	85	85
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	15	0	10	10	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	575	290	280	430	250	185	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	165	90	80
Employee	440	205	235	340	190	150	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	135	70	65
Permanent position	340	150	185	295	180	120	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	115	65	50
Temporary position	100	50	50	40	10	30	623,510	296,655	326,850	25	10	15
Fixed term (1 year or more)	70	35	40	25	10	20	217,905	94,210	123,700	0	0	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	30	20	10	15	0	15	405,605	202,450	203,155	25	10	15
Self-employed¹⁹²	135	85	50	90	60	30	530,720	324,555	206,165	30	10	15
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	590	305	285	445	260	185	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	170	85	85
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	15	0	10	10	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	575	290	280	430	250	185	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	165	90	80
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	25	10	15	0	0	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	130	45	85	80	40	40	778,905	256,150	522,760	15	10	10
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	75	60	15	70	60	15	360,495	272,510	87,985	20	10	10
3 Health occupations	80	25	55	20	10	0	359,665	70,075	289,590	0	0	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	80	40	40	125	65	65	558,725	166,020	392,700	30	10	20
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	30	10	15	45	25	25	146,560	72,400	74,165	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	125	70	55	65	40	25	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	70	45	25
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15	10	0	15	15	0	702,290	645,355	56,935	10	10	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	207,740	150,405	57,335	10	0	10
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	590	305	285	445	260	185	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	170	85	85
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	15	0	10	10	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	575	290	280	430	250	185	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	165	90	80
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	15	10	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	60	40	20	0	0	0	449,115	320,715	128,405	10	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	0	15	15	0	147,340	96,670	50,670	10	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	75	30	40	15	10	10	514,090	248,905	265,185	40	25	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	0	0	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	10	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	15	0	15	30	25	10	94,130	57,495	36,630	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	55	25	25	40	25	15	169,985	74,020	95,960	15	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	45	30	20	10	10	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	85	50	35	95	50	45	345,345	193,365	151,985	25	20	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	20	10	10	0	0	0	171,345	104,695	66,645	0	0	0
61 Educational services	45	30	20	95	40	55	340,885	104,300	236,590	20	10	10
62 Health care and social assistance	95	35	60	45	20	25	617,200	122,675	494,525	10	0	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	15	10	0	72,700	38,810	33,890	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	10	0	10	15	10	0	232,480	109,950	122,530	15	10	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	0	20	10	0	10	190,470	89,730	100,735	10	0	10
91 Public administration	25	15	10	15	15	0	290,765	144,705	146,055	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	625	315	310	495	270	225	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	195	110	80
English	170	90	80	105	55	50	350,525	195,385	155,145	35	30	10
French	95	45	50	140	75	60	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	35	20	10
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	15	15	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	15	15	0
English and French	300	145	150	225	130	90	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	95	45	50
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	10	0	10	52,970	26,700	26,265	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	435	290	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	625	315	310	495	270	225	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	195	110	80
Single responses	480	255	225	425	220	200	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	155	95	60
Official languages	470	250	225	415	215	200	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	130	80	50
English	290	165	130	175	105	70	668,485	365,785	302,695	60	35	25
French	180	80	95	240	110	125	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	70	50	25
Non-official languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	25	15	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	25	15	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	10	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	10	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	10	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	95	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	175	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	145	175	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	95	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	15	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	200	115	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	45	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	280	450	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	175	125	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	180	240	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	40	70	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	85	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	345	255	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	320	250	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	200	165	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	185	300	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	40	185	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	165	215	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	125	195	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	100	170	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	145	60	85	70	50	20	269,365	142,370	126,995	40	15	20
English and French	135	60	75	70	50	15	249,945	132,640	117,300	40	15	20
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	625	315	310	495	270	225	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	195	110	80
None	390	195	200	325	195	135	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	130	80	55
English	85	40	40	95	30	60	720,960	391,075	329,885	35	20	10
French	100	60	45	70	50	20	302,145	161,340	140,805	30	10	20
Non-official language	35	20	15	0	0	0	32,245	16,505	15,745	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	35	20	15	0	0	0	29,220	15,155	14,065	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	10	19,400	9,340	10,060	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	0	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	510	240	270	390	235	160	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	140	75	65
Worked at home	240	110	125	170	115	60	897,770	435,285	462,480	30	20	10
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	30	20	0	10	0	0	442,035	333,730	108,305	20	15	0
Usual place of work	245	115	135	215	115	100	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	95	40	55
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	250	110	135	210	115	95	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	90	40	55
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	185	85	100	185	95	90	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	90	40	55
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	45	15	30	10	0	10	419,210	203,335	215,875	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25	15	10	15	15	0	823,150	442,385	380,765	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	275	135	140	220	120	100	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	110	50	55
Car, truck or van	145	80	65	110	70	45	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	25	15	10
Car, truck or van - as a driver	140	80	60	110	70	45	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	25	15	10
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	10	0	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040	0	0	0
Public transit	60	20	40	55	10	45	287,345	120,460	166,885	40	15	35
Walked	50	20	30	30	15	15	178,645	78,570	100,075	40	25	15
Bicycle	10	10	0	15	15	0	40,420	26,585	13,835	0	0	0
Other method	10	0	10	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	275	135	140	220	120	100	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	110	50	55
Less than 15 minutes	50	20	30	45	30	10	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	50	30	15
15 to 29 minutes	120	65	55	75	45	30	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	25	10	20
30 to 44 minutes	65	40	25	70	20	45	635,870	363,430	272,445	25	10	20
45 to 59 minutes	30	10	25	35	25	10	235,140	133,720	101,425	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	206,480	126,635	79,840	10	0	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	275	135	140	220	120	100	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	110	50	55
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	0	0	0	241,420	189,270	52,155	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15	10	0	10	0	0	569,745	368,480	201,265	0	0	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	95	50	45	65	50	15	935,640	441,465	494,170	20	20	0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	110	50	55	80	25	55	626,895	259,220	367,675	15	10	10
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	40	10	30	50	30	20	330,930	142,495	188,435	25	10	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20	10	0	10	0	10	489,685	284,160	205,530	35	20	20
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	130	65	70	185	85	100	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	160	85	75
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60	25	30	55	30	25	303,835	156,030	147,805	55	35	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	75	40	30	125	55	75	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	105	50	55
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	100	50	50	135	60	75	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	120	60	65
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45	15	30	40	20	20	230,080	118,075	112,005	40	20	20
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	45	15	25	25	15	10	175,305	90,000	85,305	30	20	15
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	15	5	5	54,775	28,070	26,700	5	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	30	25	95	35	55	992,895	508,315	484,580	85	40	45

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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