Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24663237More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24661463More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24662745More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	417	...	...	764	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	770	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	221	...	...	373	...	...	976,966	...	...	296	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	206	...	...	355	...	...	910,359	...	...	284	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	11,846.6	...	...	11,808.3	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	14,128.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.04	...	...	0.06	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.05	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	415	215	200	760	370	395	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	770	370	400
0 to 14 years	65	40	25	90	45	40	309,765	158,545	151,225	130	60	70
0 to 4 years	25	10	10	25	10	15	99,195	50,760	48,435	35	20	15
5 to 9 years	25	15	5	35	15	15	106,985	54,660	52,320	45	20	25
10 to 14 years	20	10	10	25	15	15	103,590	53,120	50,470	45	15	30
15 to 64 years	290	145	140	620	295	325	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	515	255	260
15 to 19 years	20	10	10	15	5	15	97,525	49,340	48,180	50	20	35
20 to 24 years	20	10	10	55	25	35	140,025	70,895	69,125	55	20	35
25 to 29 years	40	25	15	150	65	85	165,525	83,630	81,895	60	35	25
30 to 34 years	45	20	25	135	65	70	157,725	78,995	78,730	35	20	20
35 to 39 years	30	20	15	90	45	45	149,265	74,115	75,155	55	30	30
40 to 44 years	35	20	20	55	30	30	142,365	70,920	71,445	40	20	20
45 to 49 years	15	10	0	45	25	25	125,505	62,690	62,815	55	20	35
50 to 54 years	35	20	15	25	20	5	121,710	61,735	59,975	45	30	25
55 to 59 years	30	15	10	20	15	10	125,465	63,810	61,655	60	40	25
60 to 64 years	25	10	10	15	10	10	118,065	57,920	60,140	55	25	30
65 years and over	65	30	35	55	25	35	351,325	151,210	200,120	125	50	75
65 to 69 years	25	10	20	20	10	10	99,325	46,730	52,595	25	10	15
70 to 74 years	15	10	10	20	10	10	86,030	39,185	46,845	35	10	20
75 to 79 years	15	5	5	10	5	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	30	10	15
80 to 84 years	5	0	5	5	0	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	30	10	15
85 years and over	5	0	5	5	0	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	15	5	15
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	5	0	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	15	5	5
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	5	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	5	0	5
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7	18.6	12.5	11.8	12.2	10.1	15.5	16.1	14.8	16.9	16.2	17.5
15 to 64 years	69.9	67.4	70.0	81.6	79.7	82.3	67.0	68.5	65.6	66.9	68.9	65.0
65 years and over	15.7	14.0	17.5	7.2	6.8	8.9	17.5	15.4	19.6	16.2	13.5	18.8
85 years and over	1.2	0.0	2.5	0.7	0.0	1.3	2.8	1.9	3.6	1.9	1.4	3.8
Average age of the population	39.9	38.2	41.6	35.0	35.6	34.4	41.0	39.8	42.1	40.9	40.7	41.1
Median age of the population	38.8	36.8	39.6	32.4	33.2	31.8	39.6	38.4	40.4	40.4	40.4	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	205	...	...	355	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
Single-detached house	5	...	...	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	5	...	...	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	100	...	...	70	...	...	110,440	...	...	165	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	90	...	...	230	...	...	479,885	...	...	115	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	50	...	...	3,450	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	210	...	...	355	...	...	910,355	...	...	285	...	...
1 person	85	...	...	125	...	...	367,400	...	...	80	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	120	...	...	271,730	...	...	70	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	60	...	...	118,205	...	...	55	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	40	...	...	98,205	...	...	45	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	10	...	...	54,820	...	...	40	...	...
Number of persons in private households	420	210	205	755	360	390	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	770	365	405
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.1	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	350	175	180	675	325	350	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	640	305	335
Married or living common-law	165	85	80	300	145	155	822,440	414,330	408,115	330	160	165
Married	65	35	30	85	40	40	577,060	289,455	287,600	295	145	150
Living common-law	100	55	45	220	105	115	245,385	124,870	120,510	40	20	20
Living common law - Never married	90	50	45	200	100	105	207,040	104,785	102,250	25	10	10
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	5	15	0	10	32,295	16,915	15,380	10	0	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	5	0	5	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	190	90	100	375	175	195	872,060	410,935	461,125	310	150	165
Not married and not living common law - Never married	135	65	65	325	155	165	627,845	333,150	294,700	215	105	110
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	0	5	5	5	0	34,795	14,820	19,975	10	10	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	35	20	20	30	15	20	126,605	46,380	80,225	50	20	30
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	5	10	15	5	10	82,815	16,590	66,225	30	10	25
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	110	...	...	170	...	...	495,445	...	...	205	...	...
2 persons	60	...	...	105	...	...	251,075	...	...	80	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	35	...	...	107,265	...	...	55	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	30	...	...	93,300	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	0	...	...	5	...	...	43,810	...	...	30	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	115	...	...	170	...	...	495,445	...	...	200	...	...
Total couple families	80	...	...	150	...	...	395,645	...	...	155	...	...
Married couples	30	...	...	40	...	...	273,070	...	...	140	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	25	...	...	162,745	...	...	100	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	15	...	...	110,325	...	...	40	...	...
Common-law couples	50	...	...	105	...	...	122,570	...	...	20	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	35	...	...	44,875	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	80	...	...	77,700	...	...	10	...	...
Total one-parent families	35	...	...	20	...	...	99,805	...	...	45	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	30	...	...	15	...	...	80,530	...	...	35	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	0	...	...	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	420	215	205	755	360	390	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	770	365	405
Total - Persons in census families	300	145	155	440	210	230	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	645	305	340
Married spouses or common-law partners	160	80	80	295	145	155	791,280	398,495	392,785	315	160	160
Parents in one-parent families	30	0	30	25	10	15	99,805	19,275	80,525	50	5	40
Children⁶	105	65	45	120	60	60	541,905	284,935	256,965	280	140	145
In a two-parent family	60	35	25	90	40	45	392,250	205,155	187,095	215	105	105
In a one-parent family	50	30	15	30	15	10	149,655	79,785	69,865	75	35	35
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	115	65	50	310	150	165	526,370	262,915	263,450	125	60	65
Living alone	85	50	35	125	60	65	367,395	175,660	191,740	75	40	40
Living with other relatives⁷	25	10	10	25	15	15	49,280	22,020	27,255	30	10	25
Living with non-relatives only	10	5	0	160	75	85	109,690	65,235	44,455	20	10	5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	205	...	...	355	...	...	910,360	...	...	285	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	105	...	...	155	...	...	455,970	...	...	170	...	...
Couple-family households	75	...	...	135	...	...	370,250	...	...	135	...	...
With children⁶	40	...	...	50	...	...	194,165	...	...	90	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	85	...	...	176,085	...	...	45	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	25	...	...	85,720	...	...	35	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	20	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	10	...	...	16,550	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	55	...	...	55,210	...	...	15	...	...
One-person households	85	...	...	125	...	...	367,395	...	...	75	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	350	175	175	660	315	350	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	645	305	335
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	345	170	175	650	310	340	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	605	290	315
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,400	36,800	42,800	44,000	40,800	37,600	39,600	36,000	30,800	31,600	29,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	345	170	175	650	310	340	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	610	290	315
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	34,800	34,400	37,600	40,400	36,400	34,000	35,200	32,800	28,600	29,000	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	295	145	150	625	295	325	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	520	255	265
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	34,000	28,600	36,800	43,200	32,400	31,000	35,200	27,000	20,200	23,000	18,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	250	130	120	565	275	290	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	420	220	200
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	34,400	38,000	36,400	44,000	29,200	32,800	36,000	29,600	24,400	25,800	23,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	295	140	155	525	240	285	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	545	260	290
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	10,500	14,800	7,650	7,000	8,400	10,800	9,600	12,000	13,600	12,700	14,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45	20	25	60	30	25	171,705	84,570	87,145	75	45	40
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,040	6,000	5,600	5,400	5,880	5,520	5,480	5,680	4,920	6,000	4,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	105	60	45	270	125	145	529,640	276,110	253,530	240	140	105
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	10,500	13,700	8,000	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	10,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	335	170	170	675	330	345	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	620	290	330
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	330	160	170	670	330	340	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	585	275	315
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	38,800	41,600	57,300	64,400	50,200	53,250	60,050	46,760	36,200	38,400	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	330	160	170	670	330	340	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	595	275	320
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	34,400	36,000	46,400	50,600	42,400	42,520	46,280	38,960	27,600	33,200	22,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	285	135	150	650	325	325	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	475	240	235
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	34,000	32,500	52,300	60,600	44,000	48,960	57,350	40,640	29,800	30,800	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	230	110	120	555	290	265	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	420	220	205
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	37,000	39,500	53,400	60,000	46,400	48,760	55,650	41,480	31,700	32,000	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	285	140	140	510	225	285	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	535	245	290
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,800	12,800	14,800	9,000	8,100	9,700	12,040	10,900	13,040	13,150	12,500	13,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30	0	20	40	30	0	171,360	84,435	86,925	60	30	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,200	...	6,000	7,000	8,000	...	6,840	6,065	7,590	6,600	5,600	7,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90	60	30	195	95	105	528,305	276,300	252,005	260	140	115
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	8,800	14,000	9,400	8,600	10,000	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,700	11,200	7,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	335	170	170	675	330	345	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	620	290	335
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	100	40	55	270	160	115	514,340	278,505	235,830	175	95	80
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	51,200	55,200	68,500	68,500	68,500	60,000	63,600	56,000	44,800	51,200	38,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,000	52,000	58,000	74,000	79,000	67,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	50,800	50,000	52,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	115	60	55	245	110	135	504,455	247,565	256,895	175	80	95
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	26,600	11,000	28,600	31,000	23,800	16,400	17,400	15,500	13,000	12,000	14,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	26,000	23,000	36,400	41,000	33,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	16,800	16,800	16,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	71.0	72.0	70.0	88.0	91.0	84.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	67.0	71.0	63.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.0	66.0	66.0	77.0	80.0	73.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	62.8	67.0	59.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	29.2	29.0	30.0	11.9	8.6	16.4	18.9	14.4	24.4	32.8	28.8	37.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	x	1.6	0.8	1.0	x	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.9	1.6	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.2	9.2	7.4	5.2	4.1	6.7	6.4	5.9	7.0	12.9	16.0	9.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.2	8.0	6.0	4.8	3.7	6.0	5.7	5.4	6.0	11.8	15.2	8.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	350	170	180	665	315	345	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	640	305	335
Without total income	10	5	5	10	0	10	65,020	32,205	32,820	35	15	20
With total income	340	170	170	650	315	340	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	610	295	310
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	10	15	35	20	20	138,250	65,670	72,580	50	25	20
$10,000 to $19,999	35	10	20	60	30	35	200,450	93,060	107,390	100	40	55
$20,000 to $29,999	75	35	35	110	55	55	286,825	131,235	155,595	150	70	75
$30,000 to $39,999	50	20	30	95	35	55	215,455	102,705	112,755	95	45	55
$40,000 to $49,999	50	30	20	70	30	35	181,505	86,460	95,040	80	45	35
$50,000 to $59,999	35	20	15	65	30	35	138,185	64,805	73,380	50	25	30
$60,000 to $69,999	35	15	20	40	20	25	100,060	48,510	51,550	25	10	20
$70,000 to $79,999	20	5	10	45	20	25	74,165	37,625	36,540	20	15	5
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	10	30	20	5	58,400	30,060	28,335	10	5	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	30	20	15	42,240	22,360	19,875	10	5	0
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	70	40	25	149,555	92,680	56,875	10	5	5
$100,000 to $149,999	5	0	0	45	20	20	90,980	53,275	37,705	10	5	0
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	25	20	5	58,575	39,405	19,170	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	350	170	180	665	315	345	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	640	305	335
Without after-tax income	10	5	5	10	0	10	64,605	32,005	32,605	35	15	20
With after-tax income	340	170	170	650	315	340	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	605	295	315
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	10	15	40	15	20	144,275	67,955	76,320	55	25	25
$10,000 to $19,999	35	10	25	65	25	35	210,975	98,495	112,480	95	40	60
$20,000 to $29,999	85	50	40	135	70	65	334,395	155,845	178,545	165	85	80
$30,000 to $39,999	70	35	40	105	40	70	257,145	124,835	132,315	120	55	70
$40,000 to $49,999	50	30	20	85	40	50	204,980	97,805	107,175	80	45	35
$50,000 to $59,999	45	20	20	75	35	35	139,760	67,315	72,450	45	20	25
$60,000 to $69,999	20	5	10	45	35	15	93,705	46,700	47,005	30	10	15
$70,000 to $79,999	10	0	5	25	15	10	61,765	31,815	29,945	15	10	5
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	35	10	20	38,975	21,640	17,335	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	10	5	5	25,855	14,955	10,900	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	30	25	10	73,695	48,025	25,665	5	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	25	15	5	33,165	20,265	12,905	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	10	10	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	350	170	180	665	315	345	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	640	305	335
Without employment income	105	45	60	100	45	55	495,060	212,405	282,660	225	90	135
With employment income	245	130	120	565	270	295	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	415	220	200
Under $5,000 (including loss)	25	10	10	75	35	40	167,560	82,405	85,155	50	30	20
$5,000 to $9,999	25	15	15	40	15	20	111,575	52,975	58,595	60	35	25
$10,000 to $19,999	35	15	20	90	40	45	151,350	72,815	78,530	75	35	35
$20,000 to $29,999	25	20	10	55	15	45	116,030	56,295	59,730	55	20	35
$30,000 to $39,999	25	15	10	35	15	20	108,120	55,225	52,890	55	25	30
$40,000 to $49,999	35	20	15	50	25	20	104,250	51,950	52,300	45	30	15
$50,000 to $59,999	25	15	10	45	25	25	84,485	42,940	41,540	25	10	10
$60,000 to $69,999	30	10	15	35	20	20	66,190	35,045	31,145	20	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	40	25	20	52,585	28,500	24,080	15	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	5	25	15	10	46,000	24,150	21,850	15	10	0
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	15	10	10	31,345	18,120	13,230	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	55	35	20	115,575	74,545	41,030	5	0	5
$100,000 to $124,999	5	0	0	30	15	10	47,525	28,870	18,655	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	30	15	10	68,050	45,675	22,375	5	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	350	175	175	660	315	350	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	645	305	335
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	335	165	170	645	305	335	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	595	285	310
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,000	34,000	37,200	44,400	33,200	34,000	36,400	31,800	25,600	26,800	23,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	335	165	170	645	305	335	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	595	285	310
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	33,200	30,000	34,400	38,000	30,800	31,000	32,800	29,400	24,200	26,000	23,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	290	140	145	615	290	320	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	495	245	250
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	37,200	32,800	35,200	42,800	31,000	32,000	36,000	28,200	23,400	25,400	21,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	245	130	115	555	265	290	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	405	210	190
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	38,000	34,800	34,800	41,600	29,400	33,600	36,800	30,400	27,000	30,600	25,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	265	125	145	480	215	270	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	500	230	275
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	2,380	11,000	1,760	1,450	1,840	4,440	2,760	7,300	5,880	3,480	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	40	15	25	45	20	20	114,940	56,080	58,855	50	20	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,720	x	4,560	5,160	3,800	8,400	5,120	4,600	5,760	5,520	6,800	5,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	335	170	170	675	330	345	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	620	290	330
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	320	150	165	660	315	345	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	575	275	305
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	38,500	36,800	85,200	132,000	42,200	50,000	57,050	43,280	30,700	34,800	27,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	320	150	165	660	315	345	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	575	275	305
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	33,000	32,000	65,400	98,000	35,200	39,800	43,800	35,920	27,600	30,400	25,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	260	125	135	625	310	315	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	470	240	225
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	38,500	34,500	85,600	133,000	39,600	49,080	57,750	40,560	29,300	34,000	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	220	110	110	545	285	260	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	420	220	200
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	42,000	40,000	49,200	56,800	41,200	48,720	55,750	41,240	31,400	36,400	25,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	265	125	140	510	225	285	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	470	215	260
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,400	8,800	10,000	5,120	3,600	6,320	8,250	6,740	9,510	8,360	5,960	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30	15	15	40	15	20	114,595	55,675	58,915	60	20	40
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200	3,600	12,000	8,500	4,500	11,000	7,510	5,990	8,940	7,000	8,000	6,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	335	170	170	675	330	345	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	620	290	335
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	95	40	55	275	160	115	507,645	274,575	233,070	175	95	80
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	51,600	47,200	52,400	58,000	50,800	54,400	58,400	50,400	41,600	45,200	39,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	51,000	52,000	50,000	61,200	65,500	55,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	44,400	48,000	40,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	100	55	45	240	100	140	462,020	227,495	234,530	160	75	85
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,200	26,400	32,800	29,400	44,800	21,000	21,800	23,200	20,400	15,900	21,000	9,500
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,000	40,000	33,000	37,200	46,000	30,800	32,320	35,520	29,240	19,800	27,000	13,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.0	80.0	76.0	95.0	98.0	88.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	78.0	86.0	67.0
Employment income (%)	74.0	76.0	72.0	48.0	39.0	74.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	74.5	84.0	64.0
Government transfers (%)	20.8	18.5	23.0	4.6	1.9	12.4	12.8	8.6	18.2	22.2	13.4	32.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.0	3.0	0.6	0.2	1.6	1.1	0.8	1.6	2.4	1.8	3.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	210	...	...	355	...	...	910,355	...	...	285	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	82,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	71,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	59,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	85	...	...	125	...	...	367,395	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	52,000	...	...	38,000	...	...	35,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	41,200	...	...	34,000	...	...	32,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	120	...	...	230	...	...	542,960	...	...	205	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	105,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	91,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	190	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	275	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	104,800	...	...	92,700	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	84,800	...	...	74,100	...	...	59,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	70	...	...	140	...	...	367,255	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	63,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	52,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,000	...	...	52,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	42,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	115	...	...	230	...	...	543,100	...	...	210	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	65,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	210	...	...	355	...	...	910,355	...	...	285	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	25,730	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	57,720	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	41,160	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	40,595	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	41,545	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	42,630	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	40,980	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	35	...	...	75,485	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	25	...	...	67,695	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	35	...	...	60,495	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	54,055	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	45,830	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	35	...	...	135	...	...	270,265	...	...	65	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	40	...	...	85,635	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	56,205	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5	...	...	35	...	...	62,095	...	...	15	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	25	...	...	66,335	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	210	...	...	355	...	...	910,355	...	...	285	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	27,485	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	63,030	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	49,660	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	48,815	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	51,055	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	50,890	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	47,120	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	35	...	...	85,490	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	35	...	...	75,625	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	65,530	...	...	30	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	54,850	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	45,065	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	20	...	...	95	...	...	197,490	...	...	50	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10	...	...	45	...	...	78,870	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	45,905	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	0	...	...	35	...	...	72,715	...	...	15	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	120	...	...	180	...	...	501,830	...	...	200	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	92,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	90	...	...	179,195	...	...	45	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	81,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	55	...	...	208,260	...	...	105	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	154,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	121,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	20	...	...	95,875	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	93,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...	81,000	...	...	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	90	55	35	285	140	150	477,085	240,895	236,195	95	55	45
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	36,400	40,000	36,400	36,000	36,400	34,400	34,800	34,000	33,200	32,000	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	32,000	37,600	32,400	31,000	32,400	31,200	31,200	31,200	31,200	29,200	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	120	...	...	170	...	...	501,905	...	...	205	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	135,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	100	...	...	179,455	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	8,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	50	...	...	208,375	...	...	105	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	170,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	20	...	...	95,455	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	75	30	45	310	155	155	476,520	240,280	236,245	75	35	35
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	36,000	44,000	49,600	55,000	45,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	50,000	44,000	56,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,000	30,000	38,000	41,200	45,000	38,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	42,000	38,000	44,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	415	215	200	750	360	390	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	770	365	400
0 to 17 years	75	45	35	100	50	55	365,020	186,710	178,315	165	70	90
0 to 5 years	30	10	15	35	15	20	120,615	61,615	58,995	45	25	20
18 to 64 years	275	145	135	590	285	305	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	480	245	240
65 years and over	65	30	35	55	25	30	317,425	140,270	177,155	125	50	75
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	55	35	20	50	25	25	321,885	154,370	167,510	100	50	55
0 to 17 years	10	10	5	0	0	0	54,265	27,870	26,395	20	10	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	10	5	0
18 to 64 years	30	20	15	35	15	15	197,020	99,310	97,710	60	35	25
65 years and over	15	5	10	10	10	0	70,600	27,185	43,415	25	5	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.2	15.0	11.0	6.2	6.8	5.6	16.4	16.0	16.9	13.2	13.6	12.8
0 to 17 years (%)	16.0	24.0	x	x	x	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	12.0	16.0	8.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	16.0	20.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	11.0	14.0	8.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	12.4	14.0	10.0
65 years and over (%)	18.0	16.0	20.0	16.0	30.0	x	22.2	19.4	24.5	19.0	10.0	24.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	420	215	205	750	360	390	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	770	365	405
0 to 17 years	80	45	30	105	45	55	365,025	186,705	178,315	160	75	85
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	35	20	15	120,610	61,615	58,995	45	30	20
18 to 64 years	275	140	130	595	285	310	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	485	245	240
65 years and over	65	25	40	55	25	30	317,425	140,265	177,155	125	50	75
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	35	20	10	75	40	35	213,720	108,905	104,815	55	30	25
0 to 17 years	10	5	0	0	0	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	10	10	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	25	15	5	70	35	30	153,385	81,765	71,620	35	15	15
65 years and over	5	0	0	0	0	5	30,745	11,975	18,775	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.0	11.0	5.0	9.6	10.0	9.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	6.8	8.0	5.6
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	8.0	10.0	6.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	12.0	4.0	11.6	12.0	11.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	6.8	8.0	5.0
65 years and over (%)	6.0	x	x	8.0	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	6.0	x	6.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	415	215	200	750	360	390	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	770	370	400
In bottom half of the distribution	305	150	150	400	190	215	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	555	265	290
In bottom decile	55	35	20	105	50	55	298,540	147,890	150,655	85	45	45
In second decile	65	30	30	80	40	40	244,435	115,985	128,450	130	65	70
In third decile	45	15	25	80	30	45	240,895	116,550	124,345	130	65	70
In fourth decile	80	40	40	50	25	30	218,125	105,885	112,240	125	60	60
In fifth decile	65	30	35	90	50	45	194,765	95,185	99,580	85	35	50
In top half of the distribution	115	60	50	350	175	175	762,590	384,140	378,450	215	100	115
In sixth decile	30	20	15	65	30	40	172,200	85,100	87,095	70	35	35
In seventh decile	45	20	20	80	45	35	156,540	78,290	78,250	55	25	30
In eighth decile	20	5	10	60	30	30	144,120	72,600	71,525	45	20	25
In ninth decile	15	10	0	85	40	50	134,265	68,285	65,980	45	20	25
In top decile	0	0	0	55	25	25	155,465	79,870	75,595	0	0	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	420	...	...	750	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	770	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.241	...	...	0.289	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.255	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.394	...	...	0.372	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.420	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.212	...	...	0.247	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.228	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	420	215	205	765	370	395	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	770	365	405
English only	5	0	0	25	10	15	262,290	133,690	128,600	35	20	10
French only	195	95	95	145	60	85	486,845	221,005	265,840	360	155	210
English and French	205	110	95	590	295	300	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	335	175	160
Neither English nor French	10	5	0	5	0	0	45,860	18,340	27,520	35	15	20
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	420	215	205	765	370	395	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	770	365	405
English	25	15	15	80	40	40	605,220	303,380	301,835	110	60	50
French	370	195	175	650	305	345	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	555	260	295
English and French	15	5	10	30	15	15	173,785	88,480	85,300	65	30	35
Neither English nor French	10	5	0	5	0	0	44,430	17,640	26,790	35	10	20
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	420	215	205	765	370	395	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	770	365	405
Single responses	400	205	200	735	355	385	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	710	335	380
Official languages	325	165	160	665	320	340	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	305	140	160
English	20	10	10	55	30	20	322,315	162,085	160,230	35	20	15
French	300	155	150	610	285	320	870,975	428,435	442,540	265	120	145
Non-official languages	80	40	40	75	40	40	643,275	311,525	331,750	410	190	220
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	80	40	40	75	40	40	642,820	311,370	331,445	410	190	220
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	15	5	5	129,195	68,395	60,805	85	50	40
Berber languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	15	5	10
Kabyle	10	5	5	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	15	10	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	5	0	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	5	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	0	15	5	5	112,200	59,320	52,880	70	40	35
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	0	15	5	5	107,605	56,960	50,645	70	40	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	24,640	11,340	13,300	5	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	19,905	9,185	10,725	5	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	95	40	50
Haitian Creole	15	5	10	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	80	35	45
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	10	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	20	20	35	20	20	329,415	158,980	170,435	140	65	80
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	5	5	5	37,235	16,405	20,835	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	5	5	5	36,800	16,245	20,555	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	5	5	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	0	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	10	15	25	10	15	183,755	87,295	96,460	130	60	75
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	5	0	5	63,560	29,680	33,880	95	45	55
Portuguese	0	0	0	5	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	25	10	15	15	5	10	85,395	41,150	44,250	30	10	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,075	26,030	31,035	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,890	25,955	30,935	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	65	35	35
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	65	35	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	10	5	25	10	15	143,450	71,980	71,470	55	35	25
English and French	5	0	0	20	5	10	42,695	21,750	20,940	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	0	32,265	15,955	16,310	10	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0	0	0	47,185	23,615	23,570	35	20	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	5	0	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	420	215	205	765	370	395	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	770	365	405
English	15	5	5	45	25	20	340,470	170,050	170,425	45	20	20
French	300	150	145	550	260	290	779,125	383,000	396,125	240	115	125
Non-official language	20	10	10	20	10	5	204,395	96,705	107,690	140	65	80
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	10	20	10	5	204,315	96,670	107,645	140	65	80
English and French	25	15	0	85	45	40	173,135	89,205	83,935	40	15	20
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	15	5	5	135,390	66,995	68,400	30	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	20	5	15	180,900	85,935	94,965	205	95	110
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	30	15	15	154,470	76,450	78,020	70	40	35
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	420	215	205	765	370	395	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	770	365	405
Single responses	385	195	195	730	350	380	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	670	315	350
Official languages	350	170	175	695	335	365	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	440	210	230
English	20	5	10	70	35	30	479,850	239,270	240,580	70	40	35
French	325	165	165	630	295	330	956,130	471,155	484,975	370	175	195
Non-official languages	40	20	20	30	20	15	370,290	177,955	192,335	225	105	120
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	20	20	30	20	15	370,125	177,895	192,235	225	105	120
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	10	5	0	66,095	34,080	32,015	30	20	15
Berber languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	5	5	0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	5	5	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	58,585	30,100	28,490	30	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	10	5	0	56,520	29,075	27,445	30	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	17,355	8,030	9,325	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	10	5	5	14,425	6,710	7,720	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	40	15	25
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	35	15	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	10	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	15	15	10	5	5	188,550	90,370	98,185	80	35	45
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	5	5	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	5	5	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	5	5	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	10	10	0	5	95,835	44,515	51,315	80	35	50
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	55	20	35
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	25	10	10	0	5	0	54,335	26,035	28,300	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,570	20,275	23,295	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,475	20,230	23,240	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	55	30	30
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	55	30	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	25	10	40	15	20	173,745	85,640	88,110	100	55	50
English and French	10	5	0	20	10	10	53,305	27,065	26,240	20	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	10	0	10	39,365	19,140	20,225	15	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	5	0	5	57,355	27,790	29,565	60	25	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	5	0	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	15	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	420	210	205	765	370	395	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	770	365	405
None	355	185	170	655	315	340	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	505	235	265
English	15	15	5	55	30	25	131,630	67,290	64,340	35	15	20
French	20	10	10	20	10	10	126,780	62,180	64,600	75	30	40
Non-official language	15	5	10	15	5	5	144,335	69,210	75,130	105	50	55
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	5	10	15	5	5	144,155	69,135	75,015	105	50	55
English and French	0	0	0	5	0	0	34,410	17,320	17,090	10	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	15	5	10	38,875	19,700	19,180	20	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	10	5	0	33,620	16,170	17,450	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	10	5	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	395	195	195	745	370	380	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	725	340	390
Official languages	380	190	190	735	370	370	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	690	335	355
English	185	105	80	615	315	295	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	280	170	115
French	375	185	190	710	345	365	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	660	315	345
Non-official languages	145	65	75	195	105	90	971,455	471,755	499,700	545	250	295
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	145	65	75	195	105	90	970,710	471,495	499,220	545	250	295
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0	217,295	113,605	103,690	115	55	55
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	25	15	15
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	25	15	15
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0	205,120	107,210	97,905	110	55	55
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	0	0	0	0	188,115	98,545	89,565	110	55	55
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	35	15	20	32,680	15,395	17,290	15	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	35	15	20	26,160	12,400	13,760	15	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	30	10	10	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	125	55	70
Haitian Creole	30	10	10	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	125	55	70
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	95	40	55	140	80	60	514,485	250,190	264,295	145	70	75
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	25	45	125	70	55	324,695	154,360	170,340	135	65	75
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	20	10	10	107,285	51,300	55,985	90	50	45
Portuguese	15	0	0	20	15	10	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	60	20	35	105	55	50	193,835	91,345	102,490	45	15	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	30	15	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	120	45	75
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15	10	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	120	45	75
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	390	200	200	750	370	385	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	725	340	390
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	20	0	15	20	10	10	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	20	0	15	15	10	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	15	0	10	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	15	10	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	375	190	180	730	360	370	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	725	340	390
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	390	200	200	750	370	385	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	725	340	390
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	385	200	190	745	370	375	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	725	340	390
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	190	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	275	...	...
Owner	85	...	...	100	...	...	360,125	...	...	90	...	...
Renter	110	...	...	265	...	...	550,240	...	...	185	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	190	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	275	...	...
Condominium	35	...	...	80	...	...	192,985	...	...	25	...	...
Not condominium	155	...	...	290	...	...	717,375	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	190	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	275	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	20	...	...	125	...	...	267,715	...	...	40	...	...
2 bedrooms	95	...	...	140	...	...	303,875	...	...	50	...	...
3 bedrooms	55	...	...	70	...	...	220,945	...	...	170	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	20	...	...	30	...	...	98,090	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	190	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	275	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	85	...	...	190	...	...	501,570	...	...	80	...	...
5 rooms	70	...	...	55	...	...	166,230	...	...	135	...	...
6 rooms	10	...	...	70	...	...	78,495	...	...	20	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	50	...	...	58,850	...	...	15	...	...
8 or more rooms	25	...	...	10	...	...	105,210	...	...	20	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.0	...	...	4.6	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	190	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	275	...	...
One person or fewer per room	185	...	...	365	...	...	881,730	...	...	260	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	190	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	275	...	...
Suitable	190	...	...	360	...	...	834,885	...	...	250	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	10	...	...	75,475	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	190	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	275	...	...
1960 or before	85	...	...	325	...	...	325,005	...	...	40	...	...
1961 to 1980	55	...	...	25	...	...	282,605	...	...	205	...	...
1981 to 1990	25	...	...	15	...	...	101,185	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	20	...	...	0	...	...	63,765	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	190	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	275	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	170	...	...	320	...	...	833,540	...	...	245	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	50	...	...	76,815	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	190	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	275	...	...
One-maintainer household	105	...	...	200	...	...	543,605	...	...	130	...	...
Two-maintainer household	85	...	...	125	...	...	333,140	...	...	120	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	35	...	...	33,620	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	190	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	275	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	20	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	50	...	...	140	...	...	162,375	...	...	35	...	...
35 to 44 years	25	...	...	75	...	...	171,535	...	...	45	...	...
45 to 54 years	30	...	...	45	...	...	155,520	...	...	85	...	...
55 to 64 years	35	...	...	35	...	...	156,865	...	...	70	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	30	...	...	122,825	...	...	10	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	10	...	...	70,345	...	...	20	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	15	...	...	29,930	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	190	...	...	370	...	...	902,485	...	...	275	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	140	...	...	330	...	...	686,075	...	...	240	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	50	...	...	35	...	...	216,410	...	...	35	...	...
30% to less than 100%	50	...	...	30	...	...	189,795	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	190	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	275	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	95	...	...	330,635	...	...	85	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	45	...	...	35	...	...	186,350	...	...	30	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	10	...	...	56,480	...	...	30	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	50	...	...	50,745	...	...	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	125	...	...	275	...	...	579,720	...	...	190	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	185	...	...	360	...	...	875,865	...	...	270	...	...
In core need	20	...	...	0	...	...	87,945	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	175	...	...	355	...	...	787,925	...	...	260	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	85	...	...	100	...	...	360,120	...	...	85	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	76.5	...	...	50.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	52.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.5	...	...	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	17.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,310	...	...	1,130	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,640	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,440	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,680	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	600,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	472,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	365,000	...	...	620,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	450,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	105	...	...	270	...	...	550,235	...	...	190	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.6	...	...	11.1	...	...	28.4	...	...	10.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	14.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	1,150	...	...	890	...	...	820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	1,180	...	...	987	...	...	850	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	390	195	195	750	370	380	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	725	340	385
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15	0	15	40	15	20	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	15	0	15	40	15	20	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	40	15	20	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	380	195	180	705	345	355	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	725	340	385
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	395	195	195	750	370	380	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	725	335	385
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	345	175	180	600	305	295	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	600	295	305
Canadian citizens aged under 18	65	35	25	70	40	30	322,965	164,980	157,985	125	60	65
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	285	135	150	530	265	265	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	470	230	240
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	45	25	15	150	65	85	313,410	160,530	152,885	130	45	80
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	395	195	195	750	370	380	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	725	335	385
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	295	145	150	500	245	255	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	295	145	150
Immigrants⁸¹	90	40	45	160	95	60	652,730	313,955	338,770	405	180	225
Before 1980	25	15	15	25	10	15	108,265	50,530	57,735	45	20	30
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	30	15	15	69,695	34,150	35,545	40	20	25
1991 to 2000	25	10	20	15	15	0	106,810	50,520	56,290	110	45	60
2001 to 2010	0	0	0	20	10	10	154,780	74,520	80,255	100	60	40
2011 to 2021⁸²	35	15	15	70	50	20	213,175	104,225	108,950	105	35	65
2011 to 2015	10	10	0	10	10	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	70	20	45
2016 to 2021	25	10	15	60	40	20	114,110	56,220	57,885	40	15	25
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10	10	0	95	30	70	138,240	75,380	62,860	25	10	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	90	40	45	160	100	65	652,725	313,955	338,770	405	180	220
Under 5 years	20	15	10	0	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	10	0	10
5 to 14 years	20	0	10	15	10	10	103,285	51,965	51,320	65	20	45
15 to 24 years	10	0	10	20	10	10	118,475	53,035	65,440	110	55	50
25 to 44 years	35	20	15	115	75	40	326,320	158,620	167,700	170	85	80
45 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	45	15	30
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	90	40	45	160	100	65	652,725	313,955	338,770	405	180	220
Americas	45	20	25	15	10	15	137,955	63,465	74,485	145	60	80
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	10	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	20	10	10	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	110	50	65
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	10	10	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	15	0	10
Europe	10	10	0	90	65	30	158,795	76,610	82,190	50	20	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	65	50	20	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	50	20	30
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	25	10	10	10	10	0	152,205	77,515	74,690	110	55	60
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	50	30	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	40	15	20
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	15	10	10
Asia	0	0	0	40	20	20	202,715	95,775	106,935	100	45	50
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	80	35	45
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	30	15	20	17,570	7,995	9,575	20	10	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	25	0	15	60	40	20	114,110	56,220	57,885	35	15	25
Americas	0	0	0	10	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	20	10	15
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	15	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	50	30	15	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	40	25	10	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	390	200	200	750	370	380	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	725	340	390
First generation¹⁰⁰	110	50	55	260	125	130	813,905	400,325	413,580	435	190	245
Second generation¹⁰¹	70	45	25	75	40	30	424,225	212,755	211,475	185	95	90
Third generation or more¹⁰²	220	105	115	420	200	215	721,230	352,590	368,630	110	55	55
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	65	30	35	135	85	45	544,455	263,425	281,040	355	165	195
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	25	10	15	85	60	25	303,105	155,090	148,020	120	60	55
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	0	0	0	70	50	20	151,015	87,200	63,815	45	30	25
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	20	10	10	15	10	0	152,090	67,890	84,205	75	35	40
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	35	15	15	35	20	20	146,645	59,645	87,000	135	60	70
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	15	10	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	85	40	40
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	20	0	20
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	65	30	35	135	85	45	544,455	263,425	281,040	355	165	195
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	70	30	40
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	55	35	20	56,685	26,490	30,195	30	15	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	10	10	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	15	15	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	60	30	30	55	30	25	387,815	184,015	203,795	250	120	135
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	390	200	200	750	370	385	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	725	340	390
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	120	70	50	65	30	40	737,510	363,785	373,725	375	175	200
South Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	60	35	20	10	0	0	208,805	101,125	107,680	225	105	120
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	0	0	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	95	50	45
Latin American	30	10	25	15	0	10	82,550	40,580	41,970	30	10	20
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	40	15	25	40,535	19,270	21,265	15	10	10
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	15	10	0	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	270	130	140	685	345	345	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	355	165	190
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	395	195	195	750	370	380	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	725	335	385
Canadian	110	55	50	75	30	40	241,015	115,880	125,135	25	10	15
English	0	0	0	25	10	10	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	20	10	15	50	25	20	102,325	48,885	53,440	0	0	0
Scottish	0	0	0	50	15	35	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	50	25	25	355	165	195	336,880	169,710	167,170	20	10	15
German	0	0	0	15	0	10	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	65	20	40	156,025	76,485	79,535	95	50	50
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	15	0	15	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	65	35	35	70	45	30	108,910	54,650	54,260	30	10	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	60	25	40	66,400	31,740	34,655	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	10	10	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	45	20	25	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	20	0	15	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10	0	10	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	20	10	15	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	15	10	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	15	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	60	40	20
Jewish	0	0	0	15	10	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	40	15	25	28,910	13,890	15,015	20	10	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	30	20	0
Greek	20	10	10	10	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	25	10	15	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	45	30	20	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	90	30	50
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	25	15	15	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	10	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	15	10	10
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	20	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	20	10	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	120	40	80
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	10	0	10	41,695	21,670	20,025	55	30	25
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	20	10	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	25	15	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	15	10	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	390	200	200	750	370	380	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	725	340	390
Buddhist	0	0	0	30	10	20	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	265	120	145	180	80	100	969,945	451,410	518,540	355	165	190
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	30	15	15	0	0	0	116,635	55,545	61,090	50	20	30
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	40	15	20
Catholic	210	95	115	165	75	95	675,695	314,690	361,010	215	110	105
Christian Orthodox	10	0	10	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	20	0	15
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	25	10	15
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	30	20	10	0	0	0	233,440	121,145	112,290	230	100	130
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	95	60	30	530	270	255	590,140	310,985	279,165	140	75	70
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	390	190	195	750	370	380	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	720	335	385
Non-movers	325	170	155	605	305	300	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	690	315	370
Movers	65	25	35	145	60	85	255,365	129,500	125,865	35	20	20
Non-migrants	65	25	35	105	40	65	186,805	94,745	92,055	25	10	20
Migrants	0	0	0	40	20	15	68,560	34,750	33,810	10	10	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	25	15	10	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	20	10	10	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	10	10	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	370	185	185	720	355	365	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	695	325	370
Non-movers	220	105	115	275	130	145	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	485	240	245
Movers	155	80	75	440	225	220	821,475	413,250	408,230	205	80	125
Non-migrants	100	55	50	205	115	90	433,700	216,030	217,670	155	55	100
Migrants	55	30	25	245	110	125	387,770	197,215	190,560	45	20	25
Internal migrants	30	10	20	120	75	45	190,035	93,955	96,075	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	30	10	20	90	60	30	159,710	78,770	80,940	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	30	15	15	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	20	15	0	120	40	80	197,735	103,260	94,485	40	20	25
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	340	170	170	675	330	345	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	620	290	335
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115	65	50	35	15	25	274,820	136,500	138,320	230	95	135
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	220	105	120	635	315	320	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	390	190	200
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	220	115	110	525	280	250	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	455	230	225
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	55	30	20	15	0	10	121,295	65,950	55,345	135	65	70
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	170	80	90	510	275	240	975,700	481,690	494,005	315	160	155
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	335	165	170	675	335	340	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	620	290	330
No certificate, diploma or degree	105	55	50	35	20	20	247,460	120,840	126,625	210	85	125
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	55	25	30	45	30	15	319,755	162,520	157,240	145	65	80
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	175	85	85	600	285	305	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	265	140	125
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	105	55	50	175	90	85	473,060	232,855	240,210	200	120	85
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	70	45	25	60	25	30	146,170	81,740	64,425	130	70	60
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	60	35	25	35	15	20	106,110	54,025	52,085	95	45	45
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	20	15	10	40,055	27,715	12,340	35	25	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	35	10	20	85	55	30	260,845	122,345	138,495	55	40	20
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	30	0	25	66,045	28,760	37,285	15	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	70	30	35	425	200	220	609,855	291,355	318,505	65	20	40
Bachelor's degree	40	20	20	190	95	100	344,605	160,320	184,285	35	0	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	45	15	25	58,945	27,280	31,665	10	10	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	20	0	15	175	85	90	159,510	78,325	81,190	20	15	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	15	15	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	220	110	110	530	280	250	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	455	230	220
No certificate, diploma or degree	40	20	25	15	0	15	102,815	55,805	47,015	115	55	60
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20	10	10	25	25	0	162,205	88,420	73,785	95	50	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	155	80	80	490	255	240	831,975	403,420	428,555	245	125	120
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	90	50	40	120	70	50	333,160	167,260	165,895	185	105	75
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	65	40	20	50	25	20	110,390	60,690	49,700	120	65	50
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	55	30	20	30	10	15	81,090	40,585	40,505	80	45	35
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	15	15	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	35	20	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20	10	15	65	50	15	174,185	84,745	89,445	55	35	15
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	10	0	10	48,580	21,830	26,755	15	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	65	30	40	370	180	190	498,815	236,155	262,665	65	20	45
Bachelor's degree	45	20	25	160	80	80	276,640	128,890	147,745	35	0	30
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	40	15	25	48,390	21,995	26,395	15	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	20	0	15	160	75	85	137,150	66,720	70,430	20	10	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	335	165	170	675	335	340	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	620	285	335
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	160	80	80	80	40	35	567,220	283,355	283,860	355	150	205
Education	0	0	0	25	10	20	56,030	12,985	43,045	20	0	15
13. Education	0	0	0	25	10	20	56,030	12,985	43,045	20	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	105	45	70	69,210	32,705	36,505	15	15	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	100	35	70	61,135	27,085	34,045	0	0	0
Humanities	10	0	10	45	30	10	78,920	30,815	48,110	10	0	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	10	10	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	25	20	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	10	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	0	100	45	55	157,220	58,185	99,040	35	15	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20	10	15	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	10	0	10	28,365	11,670	16,690	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	10	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	10	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	40	10	25	59,300	29,185	30,110	10	10	0
Business, management and public administration	45	20	25	90	35	50	248,895	110,950	137,945	35	10	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	20	20	85	35	50	237,125	108,040	129,090	30	10	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	20	0	15	57,445	29,770	27,670	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	30	30	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	20	20	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	10	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10	10	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	45	45	0	100	80	15	173,380	143,615	29,765	45	45	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	15	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	55	45	10	78,800	61,515	17,290	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	10	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	15	15	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	25	25	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	10	0	20,645	19,920	730	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	0	30	65	10	55	122,295	30,795	91,495	50	15	35
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	30	65	10	55	109,185	24,140	85,045	50	15	35
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	20	0	15	42,230	22,590	19,640	35	20	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20	0	15	26,800	9,745	17,060	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	20	20	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	220	110	110	530	280	245	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	455	230	225
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	60	35	30	40	25	10	265,025	144,230	120,800	205	100	105
Education	0	0	0	25	10	20	38,405	8,860	29,545	20	0	15
13. Education	0	0	0	25	10	20	38,405	8,860	29,545	20	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	95	45	55	54,840	26,500	28,340	15	15	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	95	35	55	48,205	21,870	26,335	0	0	0
Humanities	10	0	10	40	25	10	52,565	20,765	31,805	10	0	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	20	15	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	10	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	0	90	35	55	121,985	44,105	77,880	25	10	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20	10	10	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	15	0	10	22,425	8,630	13,785	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	10	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	10	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	30	0	25	44,580	21,945	22,635	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	45	15	25	70	35	30	199,525	87,920	111,600	35	10	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	15	20	70	35	30	190,410	85,600	104,810	35	10	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	0	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	20	20	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	10	10	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	10	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10	10	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	40	0	90	75	15	137,395	112,025	25,370	45	45	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	15	0	10	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	45	45	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	10	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	15	15	0	16,030	15,195	835	25	25	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	15,275	14,660	615	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	0	25	40	0	40	92,595	23,265	69,330	50	15	30
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	0	25	40	0	40	82,410	18,370	64,045	50	15	30
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	0	10	0	10	32,910	17,695	15,220	35	20	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	0	10	20,670	7,455	13,220	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	20	20	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	220	110	110	530	280	245	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	455	230	225
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60	35	30	40	25	10	265,025	144,230	120,800	205	100	105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	160	75	80	485	250	235	831,975	403,415	428,560	250	130	120
Location of study inside Canada	125	60	65	365	195	170	598,455	286,340	312,115	190	90	100
Same as province or territory of residence	125	60	65	345	185	160	566,540	270,160	296,380	185	85	100
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	20	0	15	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	30	20	15	120	60	65	233,520	117,075	116,445	55	40	20
Americas	10	0	10	10	0	10	41,560	21,015	20,550	15	10	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	10	10	0	105	55	50	74,705	39,515	35,190	10	10	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	10	10	0	90	45	45	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	20	10	10	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	0	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	25	15	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	10	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	10	10	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	335	165	170	675	335	340	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	620	290	330
In the labour force	225	115	115	545	270	275	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	410	210	195
Employed	175	85	95	495	245	250	971,245	502,885	468,360	360	185	175
Unemployed	50	30	20	50	25	25	110,395	58,460	51,935	50	25	25
Not in the labour force	110	55	55	130	65	70	568,495	246,215	322,280	210	70	135
Participation rate	67.2	69.7	67.6	80.7	80.6	80.9	65.5	69.5	61.8	66.1	72.4	59.1
Employment rate	52.2	51.5	55.9	73.3	73.1	73.5	58.9	62.3	55.6	58.1	63.8	53.0
Unemployment rate	22.2	26.1	17.4	9.2	9.3	9.1	10.2	10.4	10.0	12.2	11.9	12.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	335	165	170	675	335	340	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	620	285	335
Did not work¹⁸⁶	120	65	60	145	60	80	582,470	253,075	329,400	260	105	155
Worked	215	105	115	535	270	265	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	365	185	180
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	95	40	60	280	160	120	529,400	287,950	241,450	175	95	80
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	115	60	55	255	110	145	538,265	266,540	271,725	190	90	100
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	38.4	41.2	41.2	42.2	40.2	39.7	40.2	39.3	40.0	39.8	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	225	115	115	545	270	275	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	410	215	195
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	15	0	10	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	210	100	115	535	270	270	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	400	210	190
Employee	185	75	105	450	230	220	907,745	457,830	449,915	345	170	180
Permanent position	165	65	95	375	210	165	741,830	380,445	361,385	320	155	165
Temporary position	20	10	10	80	20	60	165,915	77,385	88,530	25	15	15
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	10	0	10	69,690	31,285	38,405	10	0	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15	10	0	70	15	50	96,225	46,100	50,120	20	15	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	30	25	0	80	35	45	142,380	88,145	54,230	55	45	15
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	225	115	115	545	270	275	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	410	215	195
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	15	0	10	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	210	100	115	535	270	270	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	400	210	190
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	10	10	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	35	10	25	110	40	70	207,660	79,975	127,685	50	15	35
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10	10	0	70	55	10	114,775	85,780	28,990	0	0	0
3 Health occupations	10	0	10	40	10	30	85,545	21,700	63,845	45	15	30
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	20	0	20	85	35	50	140,500	46,385	94,115	35	0	35
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	90	40	45	61,790	31,615	30,175	10	10	0
6 Sales and service occupations	75	30	45	85	40	45	263,055	135,300	127,750	145	80	60
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	50	40	0	25	25	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	75	70	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	10	0	25	15	10	42,380	28,195	14,185	25	10	20
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	225	115	115	545	270	275	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	410	215	195
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	15	0	10	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	10
All industries¹⁹¹	210	100	115	535	270	270	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	400	210	190
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	10	10	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	15	15	0	10	10	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	15	15	0
31-33 Manufacturing	10	0	0	35	25	10	86,535	58,295	28,235	25	10	15
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	0	10	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	15	15	0
44-45 Retail trade	30	10	20	70	30	35	111,555	56,180	55,375	65	35	30
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	15	0	15	15	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	40	40	0
51 Information and cultural industries	10	0	0	65	30	35	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	10	0	0	15	10	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	15	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15	10	0	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10	0	0	105	65	45	130,405	75,750	54,655	15	15	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	10	0	10	49,530	29,800	19,735	35	20	15
61 Educational services	15	0	15	60	20	40	95,290	34,510	60,780	20	0	15
62 Health care and social assistance	20	0	20	55	10	45	142,545	36,095	106,450	80	20	65
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	15	10	0	15	0	10	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	20	10	10	15	15	0	59,510	32,125	27,380	20	20	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	0	10	30	0	25	43,990	17,935	26,050	20	10	10
91 Public administration	0	0	0	15	10	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	10	0	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	235	115	115	555	270	285	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	410	215	190
English	10	10	0	45	25	20	201,310	110,165	91,150	25	25	0
French	165	80	85	235	110	125	416,430	206,170	210,265	290	145	145
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	55	20	30	250	120	130	473,485	249,700	223,785	80	45	40
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	15	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	235	115	115	555	270	285	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	410	215	190
Single responses	225	110	115	495	240	255	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	380	195	185
Official languages	220	110	110	490	235	255	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	380	195	185
English	15	10	10	100	50	50	361,715	194,885	166,835	25	25	0
French	205	105	100	395	185	210	645,885	327,180	318,705	345	165	180
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	55	30	25	126,180	65,940	60,240	30	20	0
English and French	0	0	0	55	30	25	116,535	60,925	55,605	30	20	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	235	115	115	555	270	285	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	410	215	190
None	185	90	90	340	165	180	743,180	381,875	361,305	345	190	155
English	35	15	15	150	70	80	219,885	116,455	103,430	45	20	25
French	10	0	10	55	25	30	149,470	78,495	70,975	10	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	175	85	95	495	245	250	971,245	502,885	468,360	360	190	175
Worked at home	30	10	20	235	130	100	298,820	151,335	147,485	35	15	20
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	35	20	15	20	20	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	40	30	15
Usual place of work	115	55	60	240	90	150	580,035	286,695	293,340	280	140	140
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	115	55	60	240	90	145	580,035	286,695	293,340	280	140	140
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	105	45	60	210	90	120	427,475	202,010	225,465	225	115	115
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	10	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10	0	0	30	0	25	58,865	35,690	23,175	40	20	20
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	150	75	75	265	110	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	325	170	155
Car, truck or van	115	60	55	70	40	30	395,615	229,315	166,300	220	150	70
Car, truck or van - as a driver	105	55	50	70	40	30	365,770	218,475	147,295	215	150	65
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	0	0	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	20	10	15	115	40	75	177,860	74,605	103,260	70	20	45
Walked	0	0	0	15	10	10	61,160	26,300	34,860	40	0	40
Bicycle	0	0	0	50	25	25	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	10	0	10	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	150	75	75	265	110	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	325	170	155
Less than 15 minutes	15	0	15	40	15	20	125,240	61,185	64,055	60	25	35
15 to 29 minutes	60	30	35	90	35	55	241,005	129,590	111,420	130	70	60
30 to 44 minutes	35	30	10	100	45	55	176,925	96,710	80,215	80	40	35
45 to 59 minutes	25	10	0	30	15	20	67,635	33,110	34,530	30	15	10
60 minutes and over	10	0	10	0	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	20	20	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	150	75	75	265	110	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	325	170	155
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	10	0	20	15	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	30	0	25
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	20	10	15	15	10	0	95,270	56,280	38,990	65	40	25
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	45	25	25	65	10	55	166,695	79,410	87,280	45	15	20
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	40	25	20	60	35	30	149,185	68,865	80,320	40	15	25
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	0	0	0	55	15	45	106,855	50,615	56,240	40	25	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15	10	10	45	30	20	112,350	65,830	46,520	105	65	45
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	80	45	35	100	50	50	371,310	189,920	181,390	165	75	90
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	10	5	10	10	5	109,065	56,315	52,750	50	20	30
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	65	35	30	90	40	50	262,245	133,605	128,640	115	60	60
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	50	30	20	75	35	40	264,905	135,505	129,395	125	50	75
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	5	5	0	5	82,880	42,755	40,130	30	10	20
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	5	0	0	0	67,535	34,945	32,590	30	5	20
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	5	5	5	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45	25	15	70	35	35	182,020	92,755	89,270	85	35	50

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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