Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24663206More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24663486More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24660641More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	589	...	...	2,281	...	...	563	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	340	...	...	1,755	...	...	256	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	323	...	...	1,492	...	...	249	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	24,852.3	...	...	14,436.7	...	...	11,827.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.02	...	...	0.16	...	...	0.05	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	590	300	295	2,280	1,210	1,070	565	265	295
0 to 14 years	75	35	40	135	70	65	90	45	40
0 to 4 years	20	15	10	85	45	40	25	20	10
5 to 9 years	25	10	10	40	15	20	25	15	15
10 to 14 years	25	15	15	15	5	5	40	20	20
15 to 64 years	470	235	235	2,050	1,095	955	375	175	200
15 to 19 years	15	10	10	35	20	20	30	15	15
20 to 24 years	55	25	30	235	110	120	45	15	25
25 to 29 years	90	45	40	515	260	255	35	15	20
30 to 34 years	80	45	30	420	220	200	40	20	20
35 to 39 years	60	25	35	290	175	120	35	15	15
40 to 44 years	50	30	25	165	90	75	35	15	15
45 to 49 years	40	15	20	120	70	55	40	20	20
50 to 54 years	35	20	20	110	70	40	40	20	20
55 to 59 years	25	10	15	100	60	40	45	20	25
60 to 64 years	25	10	15	60	30	30	40	15	20
65 years and over	45	25	20	100	50	45	95	45	55
65 to 69 years	15	5	10	45	20	25	30	10	20
70 to 74 years	20	10	10	25	10	15	25	10	15
75 to 79 years	5	5	0	20	15	5	20	10	10
80 to 84 years	5	5	5	5	0	0	15	5	5
85 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.7	11.7	13.6	5.9	5.8	6.1	15.9	17.0	13.6
15 to 64 years	79.7	78.3	79.7	89.9	90.5	89.3	66.4	66.0	67.8
65 years and over	7.6	8.3	6.8	4.4	4.1	4.2	16.8	17.0	18.6
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.9	0.0	1.7
Average age of the population	36.5	36.4	36.6	35.1	35.7	34.5	41.3	40.4	42.0
Median age of the population	34.4	34.0	34.8	32.4	33.2	31.6	42.0	41.2	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	325	...	...	1,490	...	...	250	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10	...	...	5	...	...	185	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	145	...	...	60	...	...	50	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	170	...	...	1,430	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	325	...	...	1,495	...	...	245	...	...
1 person	165	...	...	880	...	...	70	...	...
2 persons	95	...	...	500	...	...	95	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	75	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	25	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	585	295	295	2,280	1,210	1,070	565	270	300
Average household size	1.8	...	...	1.5	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	515	260	260	2,145	1,145	1,000	475	215	255
Married or living common-law	210	105	105	990	525	465	265	130	135
Married	150	75	75	500	260	240	160	75	85
Living common-law	60	30	30	490	265	230	105	55	50
Living common law - Never married	50	25	25	440	240	205	85	45	40
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	45	25	20	15	10	5
Living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	310	155	150	1,155	625	535	210	90	120
Not married and not living common law - Never married	240	125	120	1,000	550	450	145	65	80
Not married and not living common law - Separated	20	15	10	35	15	15	5	5	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	40	20	20	110	55	55	45	15	25
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	10	5	10	15	5	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	125	...	...	515	...	...	170	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	410	...	...	90	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	75	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	20	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.3	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.4	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	125	...	...	515	...	...	165	...	...
Total couple families	100	...	...	480	...	...	130	...	...
Married couples	75	...	...	235	...	...	75	...	...
With children⁶	45	...	...	80	...	...	50	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	155	...	...	30	...	...
Common-law couples	25	...	...	240	...	...	50	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	20	...	...	20	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	225	...	...	35	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	40	...	...	40	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	25	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	590	295	290	2,280	1,210	1,065	565	270	300
Total - Persons in census families	345	160	185	1,185	615	575	455	215	235
Married spouses or common-law partners	205	105	105	955	500	450	255	130	130
Parents in one-parent families	20	5	20	40	20	25	35	10	30
Children⁶	115	55	65	195	95	100	160	80	85
In a two-parent family	90	40	45	140	65	75	110	55	55
In a one-parent family	30	10	15	50	25	25	50	20	30
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	245	135	110	1,090	600	495	110	55	55
Living alone	165	80	90	880	475	410	65	30	35
Living with other relatives⁷	35	15	20	45	20	30	0	0	0
Living with non-relatives only	45	40	5	165	105	60	40	25	15
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	325	...	...	1,495	...	...	250	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	120	...	...	505	...	...	160	...	...
Couple-family households	95	...	...	465	...	...	125	...	...
With children⁶	50	...	...	90	...	...	65	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	375	...	...	60	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	40	...	...	35	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	35	...	...	95	...	...	15	...	...
One-person households	165	...	...	880	...	...	65	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	515	260	255	2,145	1,140	1,000	470	220	250
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	500	255	250	2,055	1,100	960	460	210	245
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	35,200	31,600	58,400	65,000	50,800	54,000	57,600	52,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	500	255	250	2,055	1,100	960	460	210	245
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	31,600	29,200	48,400	53,200	43,200	46,000	46,800	44,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	455	230	220	1,975	1,065	910	435	205	235
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	24,800	29,000	21,400	57,200	64,500	48,400	47,200	55,600	42,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	415	215	195	1,825	1,000	825	355	170	190
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,600	27,800	22,000	58,000	64,500	49,600	52,000	58,800	45,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	440	215	225	1,380	680	700	325	130	190
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,100	9,200	3,920	4,000	2,840	9,700	10,800	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55	15	35	190	95	90	35	15	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,000	x	5,120	5,600	5,480	6,040	5,280	x	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	210	105	105	625	335	290	130	60	70
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	11,200	8,700	10,000	10,000	9,000	8,000	9,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	525	285	240	2,050	1,065	985	480	255	225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	510	270	240	1,955	1,030	930	475	250	225
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,200	50,800	40,800	82,300	104,200	58,200	68,400	68,000	69,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	510	270	240	1,955	1,030	930	475	250	225
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	39,600	35,600	58,900	70,600	45,900	53,000	53,600	52,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	470	250	220	1,885	990	895	460	235	225
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,000	46,800	34,000	80,600	103,600	55,300	61,400	63,600	59,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	445	240	205	1,735	940	790	385	195	190
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,200	44,800	35,200	80,100	99,600	56,900	62,000	62,400	61,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	455	230	230	1,270	600	670	360	175	180
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,280	8,500	10,000	7,100	7,680	6,600	12,000	11,900	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60	0	50	130	55	75	80	45	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	...	8,400	5,000	4,000	5,800	6,600	5,800	7,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	220	105	115	580	305	275	150	75	75
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	10,600	8,400	9,240	9,600	8,800	10,400	10,400	10,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	525	285	240	2,050	1,065	990	480	255	225
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	185	95	85	1,005	570	435	160	80	75
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,400	50,800	45,600	80,000	88,000	72,000	89,000	93,000	85,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,500	88,000	56,000	108,600	129,000	81,600	98,000	94,000	104,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	235	125	110	625	320	305	175	85	85
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	13,300	10,300	14,900	23,200	32,800	20,400	20,200	20,000	20,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	15,800	19,600	43,400	56,600	29,400	41,200	40,000	43,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.0	86.0	77.0	94.4	95.6	92.0	87.0	88.0	86.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	76.5	78.0	74.0	86.4	88.0	83.6	73.5	72.0	75.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.0	14.0	23.6	5.6	4.3	8.2	13.2	12.4	14.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	x	4.0	0.4	0.2	0.8	1.7	1.5	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.7	9.0	10.8	3.5	2.9	4.8	5.2	5.0	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	9.0	8.0	10.0	3.3	2.7	4.5	5.0	4.8	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	515	260	260	2,140	1,145	1,000	475	215	255
Without total income	15	10	10	85	45	45	15	10	5
With total income	500	250	245	2,055	1,100	955	455	210	245
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	20	25	175	70	100	35	10	25
$10,000 to $19,999	75	35	40	145	70	80	50	25	25
$20,000 to $29,999	100	55	50	210	100	110	60	25	35
$30,000 to $39,999	80	35	45	185	80	100	30	20	15
$40,000 to $49,999	40	25	20	165	85	80	30	15	15
$50,000 to $59,999	50	25	25	180	85	95	35	15	20
$60,000 to $69,999	35	15	20	160	85	75	45	15	25
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	10	155	85	70	20	5	20
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	5	135	75	55	25	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	5	95	45	50	15	10	10
$100,000 and over	20	10	5	455	310	140	105	60	40
$100,000 to $149,999	10	5	5	250	155	95	70	40	30
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	200	155	50	30	20	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	515	260	260	2,140	1,145	1,000	475	215	255
Without after-tax income	15	10	10	85	45	45	15	10	5
With after-tax income	500	250	245	2,060	1,100	960	455	210	245
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	20	25	180	75	105	45	15	25
$10,000 to $19,999	75	35	45	160	75	80	55	30	25
$20,000 to $29,999	120	60	60	260	120	140	65	25	35
$30,000 to $39,999	85	45	40	205	90	115	50	20	30
$40,000 to $49,999	65	35	30	255	140	115	45	20	25
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	25	255	135	120	50	20	30
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	10	190	100	90	35	15	20
$70,000 to $79,999	10	10	5	150	75	75	30	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	0	95	60	35	25	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	65	40	20	30	15	15
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	240	180	65	40	25	20
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	95	65	30	15	10	10
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	145	110	30	25	15	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	515	260	260	2,140	1,145	1,000	475	215	255
Without employment income	105	45	60	320	140	175	115	50	65
With employment income	410	220	195	1,825	1,000	825	355	170	185
Under $5,000 (including loss)	80	45	30	185	90	100	55	25	30
$5,000 to $9,999	40	20	25	105	60	50	30	15	10
$10,000 to $19,999	60	30	35	155	75	80	40	15	25
$20,000 to $29,999	45	20	25	115	55	55	15	5	15
$30,000 to $39,999	35	15	20	125	60	65	15	10	5
$40,000 to $49,999	40	25	20	120	55	65	15	5	10
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	10	150	85	65	30	15	10
$60,000 to $69,999	20	15	10	135	70	70	25	10	15
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	5	125	70	60	15	0	10
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	5	125	70	60	20	10	15
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	90	45	40	15	10	10
$100,000 and over	15	10	5	395	280	120	85	50	30
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	0	140	90	55	40	25	20
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	255	185	65	40	25	15
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	515	260	255	2,145	1,140	1,000	470	220	250
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	475	240	235	1,995	1,055	940	450	210	240
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,800	27,400	26,600	48,400	55,600	41,600	51,200	54,800	49,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	475	240	235	1,990	1,055	940	450	210	240
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,000	26,000	26,000	41,600	45,600	37,200	43,600	45,600	42,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	425	220	210	1,895	1,015	880	435	200	235
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,400	30,400	24,200	49,200	57,600	42,400	42,800	43,200	42,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	385	200	185	1,715	935	780	350	160	190
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	30,200	26,000	50,000	58,000	44,000	44,000	51,200	42,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	400	205	200	1,205	605	605	295	115	175
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,570	1,440	2,200	1,300	1,240	1,350	4,160	4,000	4,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	25	10	15	75	40	35	40	20	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	x	x	9,400	7,250	9,500	5,960	x	7,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	525	285	240	2,050	1,065	985	480	255	225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	480	255	230	1,885	980	905	460	240	220
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,200	44,000	36,400	77,100	99,200	53,100	66,000	63,600	68,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	480	255	230	1,885	980	905	460	240	220
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,600	33,600	31,600	52,700	62,900	41,700	49,400	46,800	52,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	415	205	210	1,790	940	855	435	220	215
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,800	49,600	34,400	79,200	102,000	54,200	63,200	63,600	63,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	380	195	190	1,635	880	755	365	180	185
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,000	49,200	36,800	80,100	100,200	56,600	65,200	66,500	64,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	400	205	190	1,100	495	605	295	130	170
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,700	4,000	5,480	2,925	2,900	2,950	8,700	8,600	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25	0	20	40	20	25	55	25	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,000	...	8,000	9,600	8,000	11,000	9,600	6,400	13,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	525	285	240	2,050	1,065	990	480	255	225
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	175	95	80	985	545	435	150	80	75
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,800	44,400	52,000	70,500	73,500	61,600	77,500	86,000	75,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,000	79,000	52,000	102,800	126,000	74,000	86,000	80,000	88,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	175	80	100	520	270	245	165	85	80
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	18,000	18,400	29,600	37,600	26,600	36,000	17,200	39,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	21,000	26,400	52,400	65,500	38,000	56,000	54,000	58,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.0	92.0	88.0	97.8	98.4	96.4	91.0	92.0	90.0
Employment income (%)	85.0	86.0	84.0	90.2	90.8	88.8	78.5	77.0	80.0
Government transfers (%)	9.6	7.5	12.6	2.2	1.5	3.7	8.6	7.4	9.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	x	2.0	0.3	0.2	0.5	1.8	1.2	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	325	...	...	1,495	...	...	245	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	47,200	...	...	64,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	165	...	...	880	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	60,400	...	...	56,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...	49,600	...	...	46,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	155	...	...	615	...	...	185	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	93,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	315	...	...	1,395	...	...	245	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	115,500	...	...	133,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	82,700	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	145	...	...	775	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	78,400	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	58,100	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	165	...	...	615	...	...	190	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	162,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	113,600	...	...	114,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	325	...	...	1,495	...	...	250	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	70	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	45	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	50	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	55	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	50	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	35	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	50	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	45	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	110	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	95	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30	...	...	120	...	...	10	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	100	...	...	5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	85	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	50	...	...	540	...	...	130	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	130	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	110	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10	...	...	120	...	...	25	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	175	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	325	...	...	1,495	...	...	250	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	70	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	50	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	50	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	30	...	...	70	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	50	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	40	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	95	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	70	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40	...	...	145	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35	...	...	145	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	125	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	85	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	70	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	30	...	...	385	...	...	100	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	140	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	85	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	160	...	...	40	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	135	...	...	535	...	...	165	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	124,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	98,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.3	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	380	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	126,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	95	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	3.6	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	40	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	66,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.2	...	...	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	210	120	90	1,045	575	465	105	50	55
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	34,000	34,800	56,400	57,600	54,800	41,200	35,200	44,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	30,400	32,400	46,800	47,600	45,200	33,600	30,800	37,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	150	...	...	535	...	...	170	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	168,000	...	...	153,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	117,200	...	...	119,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	375	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	150,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	111,600	...	...	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	110	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	244,000	...	...	165,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	148,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	30	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	160,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	95,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	175	105	75	940	485	455	110	65	45
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	57,200	69,000	42,000	75,400	88,000	61,600	59,000	42,000	84,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	48,000	36,000	55,900	62,800	48,600	45,000	36,000	60,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	590	300	295	2,280	1,210	1,070	560	265	295
0 to 17 years	80	40	40	145	80	70	110	60	50
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	100	50	50	30	20	10
18 to 64 years	460	230	235	2,035	1,085	950	360	165	195
65 years and over	45	25	20	95	50	50	95	45	50
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	140	75	65	355	180	180	55	20	30
0 to 17 years	20	10	10	30	15	20	5	5	5
0 to 5 years	10	10	5	20	5	15	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	105	50	50	315	160	150	35	15	15
65 years and over	15	10	5	15	5	5	15	5	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	23.6	25.0	23.0	15.7	14.9	16.6	9.6	8.0	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	26.0	32.0	25.0	20.0	18.0	24.0	6.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	30.0	40.0	x	20.0	16.0	28.0	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	22.0	22.0	22.0	15.4	14.8	16.0	9.0	9.0	9.0
65 years and over (%)	36.0	40.0	30.0	14.0	12.0	16.0	14.0	12.0	16.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	590	295	290	2,280	1,215	1,065	565	270	300
0 to 17 years	80	40	40	145	75	65	110	60	50
0 to 5 years	25	15	15	100	50	50	30	20	10
18 to 64 years	460	230	230	2,040	1,090	950	355	165	195
65 years and over	45	30	20	95	45	45	95	45	50
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	90	50	40	315	160	150	55	25	30
0 to 17 years	10	5	0	25	10	15	5	0	5
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	70	40	35	280	150	135	40	20	20
65 years and over	10	5	0	10	0	5	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	15.6	18.0	13.0	13.9	13.5	14.4	9.6	9.5	9.5
0 to 17 years (%)	16.0	20.0	10.0	19.0	18.0	20.0	6.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	25.0	x	20.0	16.0	28.0	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	15.2	17.0	14.0	13.8	13.6	14.0	11.0	12.0	9.0
65 years and over (%)	20.0	25.0	x	8.0	x	10.0	10.0	x	12.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	590	300	295	2,280	1,210	1,070	565	265	295
In bottom half of the distribution	450	230	220	1,035	535	500	230	110	120
In bottom decile	130	75	55	375	190	180	55	25	30
In second decile	95	45	50	170	90	80	40	15	20
In third decile	110	50	55	135	65	75	35	10	20
In fourth decile	65	35	35	185	100	85	50	30	20
In fifth decile	50	25	25	170	90	80	50	25	25
In top half of the distribution	140	65	75	1,250	675	575	335	155	180
In sixth decile	35	15	20	170	90	85	55	20	35
In seventh decile	35	15	20	215	115	95	70	30	40
In eighth decile	30	15	20	200	100	95	45	20	25
In ninth decile	20	10	10	275	145	125	70	35	30
In top decile	15	5	10	390	220	170	100	45	50
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	590	...	...	2,280	...	...	565	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.338	...	...	0.431	...	...	0.334	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.486	...	...	0.481	...	...	0.410	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.293	...	...	0.373	...	...	0.289	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.2	...	...	7.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	590	295	290	2,285	1,215	1,070	565	270	295
English only	115	60	50	385	210	180	75	40	35
French only	85	35	40	130	65	60	30	15	20
English and French	375	185	185	1,750	930	820	455	205	245
Neither English nor French	15	5	5	20	10	10	0	0	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	590	295	290	2,285	1,215	1,070	565	270	295
English	255	120	135	890	460	430	305	155	155
French	230	120	110	1,175	655	525	235	105	130
English and French	90	50	45	205	95	110	20	10	10
Neither English nor French	15	5	5	20	5	10	0	0	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	590	295	290	2,285	1,215	1,070	565	270	295
Single responses	550	280	270	2,120	1,140	980	535	250	285
Official languages	265	140	125	1,445	825	620	450	210	240
English	125	60	70	450	250	200	240	115	120
French	145	80	60	995	570	425	215	90	120
Non-official languages	280	140	140	680	320	360	85	40	45
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	280	140	140	680	320	360	85	40	45
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	30	20	110	55	55	5	5	5
Berber languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	30	20	105	55	50	5	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	45	25	20	105	55	50	5	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	5	0	0	5	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	10	5	0	5	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	155	75	85	390	185	205	50	25	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	15	20	75	30	40	15	5	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40	15	20	75	30	40	15	5	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	0	5
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Russian	30	15	15	40	15	20	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	15	10	5	10	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	5	10	5	5	5	0	5
German	0	0	0	10	5	0	5	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	10	80	35	40	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	5	65	20	40	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	5	5	55	25	35	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	45	15	25	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	40	50	195	95	100	25	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	5	40	20	20	15	5	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Romanian	45	20	25	30	15	15	0	0	0
Spanish	40	15	25	95	45	50	10	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	10
Korean	10	5	0	15	0	10	5	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	5	5	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	120	50	70	5	0	5
Chinese languages	10	5	5	115	50	70	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	90	40	55	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	15	25	160	75	85	25	15	5
English and French	10	5	5	65	30	30	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	35	15	25	5	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	35	15	25	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	5	0	5	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	590	295	290	2,285	1,215	1,070	565	270	295
English	125	60	70	475	260	215	260	125	130
French	90	55	40	750	415	340	160	75	85
Non-official language	70	40	35	160	75	85	15	5	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	70	40	35	160	75	85	15	5	10
English and French	70	40	30	370	215	160	65	25	40
English and non-official language(s)	80	35	45	235	105	130	25	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	45	20	25	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	245	120	120	40	20	20
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	590	295	290	2,285	1,215	1,070	565	270	295
Single responses	520	265	260	2,085	1,110	975	530	255	280
Official languages	350	170	175	1,770	965	805	505	245	260
English	205	95	110	790	430	365	310	155	155
French	145	80	70	980	540	440	200	90	110
Non-official languages	175	95	80	320	145	170	25	10	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	95	80	320	145	170	25	10	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	55	25	25	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	55	25	25	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	30	15	15	50	25	25	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	100	55	45	170	80	95	10	5	5
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	15	20	10	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	15	20	10	10	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	25	15	10	15	10	10	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	55	25	35	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	50	15	30	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	10	5	45	15	30	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	30	10	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	35	20	85	45	45	5	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Romanian	25	15	15	5	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	30	20	10	60	25	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	5	5	5	0	0	5	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	5	70	30	45	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	5	70	30	45	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	70	30	35	195	100	95	30	15	15
English and French	20	15	5	115	60	55	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	15	35	15	20	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	20	10	5	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	30	15	10	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	585	295	290	2,285	1,215	1,065	565	270	300
None	340	170	175	1,525	825	705	460	220	240
English	60	30	30	255	140	115	30	10	20
French	60	35	30	135	75	60	20	10	10
Non-official language	70	35	40	165	80	90	20	10	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	70	35	40	165	80	90	20	10	10
English and French	15	10	10	40	20	20	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	50	25	30	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	80	45	40	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5	15	5	10	5	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	595	315	280	2,155	1,130	1,025	575	305	265
Official languages	585	315	270	2,135	1,120	1,015	575	305	265
English	485	270	220	2,005	1,065	945	535	290	240
French	455	250	205	1,750	920	830	515	280	235
Non-official languages	390	205	190	1,185	595	595	190	110	80
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	390	205	190	1,185	595	595	190	110	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	90	50	200	120	80	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	140	90	50	200	120	80	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	135	90	45	180	110	70	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	155	80	80	750	370	380	130	65	65
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	25	25	60	30	35	15	10	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	50	25	25	60	30	35	15	10	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	45	25	20	50	20	30	15	10	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	30	15	20	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	30	15	20	25	10	15
German	0	0	0	30	15	15	25	10	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	15	145	90	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	60	50	10	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	25	25	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	15	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	10	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	40	40	530	250	275	85	45	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	105	45	60	15	0	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Romanian	45	20	25	50	10	45	0	0	0
Spanish	40	20	25	395	195	200	45	30	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	15	0	10	25	10	10
Korean	25	10	15	30	0	25	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	180	80	100	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	10	180	80	100	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	600	315	275	2,155	1,130	1,025	575	310	260
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	590	315	275	2,155	1,130	1,025	565	300	260
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	600	315	275	2,155	1,130	1,025	575	310	260
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	600	315	275	2,155	1,130	1,025	565	300	260
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	315	...	...	1,390	...	...	245	...	...
Owner	25	...	...	485	...	...	120	...	...
Renter	285	...	...	905	...	...	125	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	315	...	...	1,390	...	...	245	...	...
Condominium	35	...	...	1,295	...	...	35	...	...
Not condominium	275	...	...	95	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	315	...	...	1,390	...	...	245	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...	45	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	165	...	...	880	...	...	20	...	...
2 bedrooms	105	...	...	435	...	...	100	...	...
3 bedrooms	20	...	...	25	...	...	90	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	315	...	...	1,390	...	...	245	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	275	...	...	1,280	...	...	30	...	...
5 rooms	30	...	...	65	...	...	60	...	...
6 rooms	0	...	...	25	...	...	75	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	15	...	...	40	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	35	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.2	...	...	3.1	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	315	...	...	1,390	...	...	245	...	...
One person or fewer per room	305	...	...	1,365	...	...	245	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	30	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	315	...	...	1,390	...	...	245	...	...
Suitable	265	...	...	1,300	...	...	245	...	...
Not suitable	50	...	...	90	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	315	...	...	1,390	...	...	245	...	...
1960 or before	160	...	...	105	...	...	235	...	...
1961 to 1980	100	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
1981 to 1990	40	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	30	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	85	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	160	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	275	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	725	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	315	...	...	1,390	...	...	245	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	290	...	...	1,375	...	...	205	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	20	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	315	...	...	1,390	...	...	245	...	...
One-maintainer household	195	...	...	920	...	...	120	...	...
Two-maintainer household	110	...	...	465	...	...	115	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	315	...	...	1,390	...	...	245	...	...
15 to 24 years	25	...	...	160	...	...	15	...	...
25 to 34 years	100	...	...	590	...	...	30	...	...
35 to 44 years	80	...	...	315	...	...	40	...	...
45 to 54 years	30	...	...	175	...	...	60	...	...
55 to 64 years	35	...	...	90	...	...	40	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	55	...	...	45	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	20	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	310	...	...	1,365	...	...	245	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	240	...	...	935	...	...	205	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	75	...	...	430	...	...	40	...	...
30% to less than 100%	65	...	...	325	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	315	...	...	1,390	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	515	...	...	75	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	65	...	...	405	...	...	35	...	...
Not suitable only	40	...	...	65	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	20	...	...	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	25	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	180	...	...	875	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	300	...	...	1,260	...	...	245	...	...
In core need	30	...	...	60	...	...	15	...	...
Not in core need	270	...	...	1,205	...	...	225	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25	...	...	485	...	...	125	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	0.0	...	...	78.4	...	...	48.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	19.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,620	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	...	...	1,790	...	...	1,420	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	x	...	...	500,000	...	...	675,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	560,000	...	...	546,000	...	...	760,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	285	...	...	905	...	...	120	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.3	...	...	38.1	...	...	29.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.9	...	...	5.7	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	1,550	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	1,616	...	...	1,420	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	595	320	280	2,150	1,125	1,020	570	310	265
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15	15	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	15	15	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	585	305	275	2,130	1,110	1,015	565	305	265
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	595	315	280	2,150	1,125	1,025	570	305	265
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	445	225	220	1,570	835	740	540	290	245
Canadian citizens aged under 18	65	30	35	100	65	35	95	55	45
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	380	190	190	1,470	770	705	440	235	200
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	155	95	60	580	295	285	40	20	15
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	595	315	280	2,150	1,125	1,025	570	305	265
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	230	110	120	1,070	555	520	440	235	200
Immigrants⁸¹	280	155	125	685	375	310	115	50	60
Before 1980	20	0	10	20	20	0	25	10	10
1980 to 1990	10	0	0	35	20	15	25	15	10
1991 to 2000	60	40	20	155	85	70	20	0	10
2001 to 2010	55	30	25	205	110	95	30	15	10
2011 to 2021⁸²	135	80	55	265	145	125	25	10	15
2011 to 2015	80	40	40	120	60	60	20	10	10
2016 to 2021	50	40	20	145	90	60	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	85	55	35	395	195	200	20	20	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	280	155	125	685	375	305	115	50	60
Under 5 years	20	10	10	50	25	25	25	10	15
5 to 14 years	50	25	25	145	60	85	15	15	0
15 to 24 years	25	20	0	115	60	50	20	10	10
25 to 44 years	175	100	75	340	215	125	55	25	30
45 years and over	10	0	10	35	20	15	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	280	155	125	685	375	305	115	50	60
Americas	40	20	15	95	60	40	15	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	10	0	10	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Europe	90	50	40	235	130	100	60	30	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	20	15	0	95	70	30	25	15	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	25	10	10	50	10	35	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	15	0	10	10	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	10	40	25	10	10	0	0
Africa	90	50	35	60	35	20	0	0	0
Algeria	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	35	20	15	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	20	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Asia	60	30	30	290	145	145	40	20	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	95	35	55	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	15	15	0	15	10	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	50	35	15	145	85	60	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	15	10	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Africa	30	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	10	0	0	75	45	25	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	600	315	280	2,155	1,130	1,025	575	310	260
First generation¹⁰⁰	365	205	160	1,115	595	520	145	80	70
Second generation¹⁰¹	145	70	70	405	205	200	125	65	60
Third generation or more¹⁰²	90	35	50	635	330	305	300	160	135
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	260	150	110	665	360	305	90	40	45
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	200	125	75	490	270	220	65	30	30
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	105	80	20	230	150	80	35	20	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	95	50	55	265	125	140	30	0	20
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	50	20	30	100	45	55	15	0	10
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10	0	10	65	40	30	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	260	150	110	665	360	305	90	40	45
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	0	30	25	10	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	15	0	15	95	70	25	0	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	10	0	25	25	0	10	10	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30	30	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	190	100	90	445	205	240	65	30	35
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	600	315	275	2,155	1,130	1,025	575	310	260
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	285	160	135	860	470	390	80	55	25
South Asian	30	15	15	115	80	35	0	0	0
Chinese	10	0	10	175	80	95	10	0	0
Black	105	50	55	85	50	40	15	10	0
Filipino	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Arab	70	50	20	130	85	50	0	0	0
Latin American	15	10	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	45	25	15	0	0	0
West Asian	20	15	10	65	30	35	0	0	0
Korean	25	0	15	40	15	25	20	15	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	305	160	150	1,295	660	635	490	250	240
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	595	315	280	2,155	1,130	1,025	575	305	265
Canadian	25	15	20	245	130	115	75	25	50
English	30	20	15	95	40	55	35	20	15
Irish	35	15	20	100	50	55	65	30	40
Scottish	25	10	15	80	35	40	75	45	30
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20	15	10	450	250	200	235	130	105
German	10	0	10	70	10	55	30	10	20
Chinese	15	0	15	185	95	90	0	0	0
Italian	15	15	0	125	55	70	50	20	30
Indian (India)	20	15	10	50	35	15	20	15	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	15	0	15	15	10	10	15	10	0
Québécois	10	10	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	20	0	20	10	10	10
Filipino	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	75	45	30	15	10	10
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	80	45	35	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Russian	50	20	35	35	10	25	15	0	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	15	0	10	10	0	10
American	20	10	0	0	0	0	25	20	10
Spanish	0	0	0	45	25	25	25	15	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	10	0	25	15	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	10	10	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	15	10	10	20	20	0	0	0	0
Jewish	20	10	10	50	25	20	30	20	15
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	30	10	45	30	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	20	0	15	15	10	0
Jamaican	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	25	15	40	15	25	0	0	0
Romanian	40	15	25	50	10	40	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Iranian	10	10	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Moroccan	60	35	25	45	30	20	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Syrian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algerian	30	20	10	15	10	10	10	0	10
Brazilian	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Berber	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	25	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	600	320	275	2,155	1,130	1,025	575	310	260
Buddhist	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Christian	205	110	100	850	400	450	170	95	75
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	50	15	35	130	60	65	0	0	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	20	0	15	10	10	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catholic	70	40	25	575	280	300	145	75	70
Christian Orthodox	40	25	15	100	30	70	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	35	20	15	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Jewish	30	10	25	55	25	25	30	15	15
Muslim	150	100	50	185	120	65	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	185	95	95	1,005	550	455	365	200	165
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	580	315	270	2,110	1,100	1,010	570	310	265
Non-movers	435	235	200	1,290	675	615	465	255	205
Movers	145	75	70	820	430	390	105	55	55
Non-migrants	115	60	55	550	275	275	105	55	50
Migrants	30	20	10	270	150	110	0	0	0
Internal migrants	10	0	0	190	110	75	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
External migrants	20	15	10	80	45	35	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	570	310	260	2,065	1,075	990	540	290	250
Non-movers	245	135	110	340	190	155	335	165	170
Movers	325	175	150	1,730	890	835	210	125	80
Non-migrants	140	75	65	680	345	335	120	65	55
Migrants	185	100	85	1,045	545	505	90	65	25
Internal migrants	80	35	40	625	325	290	55	40	20
Intraprovincial migrants	60	30	25	450	240	210	35	20	15
Interprovincial migrants	20	10	15	170	85	85	25	20	0
External migrants	110	65	45	425	210	210	30	25	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	525	285	240	2,050	1,065	990	480	255	225
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	55	35	15	40	20	20	15	10	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	475	245	225	2,015	1,045	970	470	245	220
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	405	210	200	1,665	885	785	320	175	145
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	375	185	190	1,660	875	775	315	175	145
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	525	290	240	2,055	1,065	990	480	255	225
No certificate, diploma or degree	45	25	20	35	15	20	10	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	105	75	35	180	115	70	50	35	15
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	375	185	190	1,835	935	900	415	215	205
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	60	35	405	220	185	90	35	65
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	10	0	30	25	10	10	10	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	10	0	25	20	0	10	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	45	25	290	150	140	50	10	40
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	80	50	35	30	0	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	275	130	150	1,430	715	720	325	180	145
Bachelor's degree	165	70	95	790	390	405	155	110	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	35	15	20	120	40	80	20	0	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	0	15	20	0	20	0	0	0
Master's degree	40	25	15	435	255	180	135	60	75
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	15	0	65	30	30	15	10	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	405	205	200	1,670	880	785	325	180	145
No certificate, diploma or degree	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	55	40	20	135	85	45	25	25	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	325	160	170	1,530	795	735	290	150	140
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	75	45	35	305	165	140	55	20	35
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15	10	10	30	20	10	10	10	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	10	10	20	15	0	10	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	50	35	15	210	100	105	35	0	35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	70	50	25	15	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	250	115	140	1,220	630	595	235	135	100
Bachelor's degree	155	65	95	650	325	325	115	75	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	35	15	20	100	35	60	10	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	0	10	25	0	25	0	0	0
Master's degree	40	25	15	405	240	160	100	50	45
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	0	50	30	20	10	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	530	285	240	2,055	1,060	990	485	255	230
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	150	105	50	215	125	85	60	40	20
Education	20	0	20	30	0	25	15	0	15
13. Education	20	0	20	30	0	25	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	10	10	180	85	100	55	35	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	10	0	130	55	70	50	35	20
Humanities	30	15	20	95	25	75	55	20	35
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	50	15	40	15	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	15	0	10	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	10	25	280	100	175	75	30	40
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	35	15	25	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	85	25	55	20	10	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	35	0	30	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	15	10	0	105	50	60	35	20	15
Business, management and public administration	85	25	60	620	345	275	70	35	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85	25	60	605	335	270	65	35	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	40	20	20	70	20	50	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	10	10	25	0	20	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	10	10	35	15	20	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	45	40	0	110	75	30	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	35	35	0	90	65	25	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	75	60	20	265	195	70	80	70	10
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	35	20	15	0	0	0
14. Engineering	50	40	15	195	145	55	55	45	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	15	20	135	40	95	20	0	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	10	20	115	30	80	20	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	40	30	10	25	10	15
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	15	10	0	25	10	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	405	210	200	1,665	880	780	325	175	145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	80	45	25	135	85	50	30	25	0
Education	15	0	15	20	0	20	15	0	15
13. Education	15	0	15	20	0	20	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	170	80	85	50	35	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	115	55	60	50	35	15
Humanities	25	10	15	80	20	60	30	15	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30	10	20	210	80	125	35	15	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	55	15	45	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	25	0	25	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	0	0	70	40	30	10	10	0
Business, management and public administration	80	25	55	530	295	235	55	25	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	80	25	55	520	285	235	50	25	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35	15	15	40	10	30	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	10	10	25	0	15	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	10	10	10	0	10	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	35	0	100	65	30	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	25	0	85	65	20	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	65	50	20	240	185	60	50	45	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
14. Engineering	45	35	10	185	135	50	35	30	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	15	20	105	30	80	20	0	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	10	20	85	25	60	20	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	30	25	10	25	10	15
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	0	0	25	10	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	405	210	200	1,665	880	780	325	175	145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	80	45	25	135	85	50	30	25	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	330	155	170	1,530	795	730	290	150	140
Location of study inside Canada	195	90	105	1,000	525	475	245	125	115
Same as province or territory of residence	175	80	95	875	465	410	230	120	105
Different than province or territory of residence	20	10	10	125	60	65	15	0	15
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	135	70	65	525	270	255	45	25	25
Americas	20	0	15	140	75	70	15	15	0
United States of America	10	0	0	70	35	35	15	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	40	25	15	275	145	130	30	10	20
Belgium	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	185	95	90	15	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	30	20	15	10	0	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	50	25	25	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	20	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	25	10	10	85	40	45	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	525	285	240	2,055	1,065	990	480	255	225
In the labour force	415	220	195	1,710	945	765	365	185	175
Employed	370	190	180	1,605	875	730	300	150	150
Unemployed	45	30	15	105	70	30	65	40	25
Not in the labour force	110	70	45	340	120	225	120	70	50
Participation rate	79.0	77.2	81.3	83.2	88.7	77.3	76.0	72.5	77.8
Employment rate	70.5	66.7	75.0	78.1	82.2	73.7	62.5	58.8	66.7
Unemployment rate	10.8	13.6	7.7	6.1	7.4	3.9	17.8	21.6	14.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	530	290	240	2,055	1,060	990	485	255	230
Did not work¹⁸⁶	95	60	35	320	130	190	145	80	65
Worked	430	225	200	1,730	930	800	335	175	165
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	190	100	85	1,060	600	465	155	85	75
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	245	125	120	670	335	335	180	90	90
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.3	37.0	39.6	42.9	43.6	42.0	39.4	38.4	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	415	220	195	1,710	945	765	360	185	175
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	25	20	10	15	10	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	405	215	190	1,680	925	760	345	175	170
Employee	355	180	175	1,440	785	655	275	135	135
Permanent position	315	165	150	1,230	705	520	195	100	95
Temporary position	45	20	25	215	80	135	80	35	40
Fixed term (1 year or more)	10	0	10	115	65	55	15	10	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	35	20	15	95	15	80	65	25	35
Self-employed¹⁹²	50	35	15	235	140	100	70	35	30
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	415	220	195	1,710	945	765	360	185	175
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	25	20	10	15	10	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	405	215	190	1,680	925	760	345	175	170
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	45	25	20	15	10	10
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	60	30	30	470	260	210	55	25	30
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	70	50	15	300	240	65	65	50	15
3 Health occupations	35	15	25	80	0	75	20	0	20
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45	15	30	150	45	105	60	10	45
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	30	0	20	200	120	80	40	25	15
6 Sales and service occupations	110	50	65	330	175	155	85	50	35
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	55	45	0	55	40	10	0	0	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	415	220	195	1,710	945	765	360	185	175
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	25	20	10	15	10	0
All industries¹⁹¹	405	215	190	1,680	925	760	345	175	170
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
23 Construction	20	10	15	50	30	20	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	20	20	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	15	10	0	30	10	15	15	15	0
44-45 Retail trade	40	15	20	105	40	65	10	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	65	55	10	60	45	20	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	15	10	10	190	130	60	30	15	15
52 Finance and insurance	30	10	15	250	155	95	20	15	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	30	25	0	425	255	175	60	40	25
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	10	10	60	35	20	0	0	0
61 Educational services	30	10	20	120	55	65	35	15	15
62 Health care and social assistance	50	20	30	105	10	90	40	0	40
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	45	35	15	15	10	0
72 Accommodation and food services	35	20	15	45	30	15	60	30	30
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	0	15	15	0	15	10	0	10
91 Public administration	10	0	10	45	20	20	15	10	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	450	245	205	1,810	980	830	375	185	185
English	140	75	65	485	275	210	75	50	30
French	120	65	50	370	175	195	80	25	55
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	170	95	70	885	500	390	200	105	95
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	25	10	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	450	245	205	1,810	980	830	375	185	185
Single responses	400	215	190	1,555	860	700	350	170	185
Official languages	395	215	180	1,540	860	685	350	170	175
English	205	105	105	780	440	340	175	95	80
French	185	105	75	765	415	340	170	75	95
Non-official languages	10	0	10	15	0	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	10	15	0	15	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	25	20	255	125	135	20	15	0
English and French	40	25	20	235	105	130	20	15	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	450	245	205	1,810	980	830	375	185	185
None	310	170	140	1,110	575	540	185	95	85
English	65	40	30	380	235	145	95	50	50
French	65	35	25	275	150	125	90	40	50
Non-official language	10	0	10	25	10	15	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	25	10	15	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	370	190	180	1,605	875	730	300	145	150
Worked at home	115	60	60	915	515	390	160	95	70
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	30	25	10	80	55	30	0	0	0
Usual place of work	220	105	115	610	305	310	140	55	85
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	220	105	115	610	305	310	140	55	80
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	175	90	85	500	240	260	105	45	65
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20	0	20	40	25	15	15	0	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20	20	0	70	35	40	15	0	15
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	255	130	120	695	355	335	135	55	85
Car, truck or van	100	70	30	240	120	115	85	15	60
Car, truck or van - as a driver	100	70	30	225	120	105	85	15	60
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Public transit	100	45	55	145	60	85	25	15	10
Walked	50	15	35	300	165	135	15	0	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	255	130	120	695	355	335	135	55	85
Less than 15 minutes	65	40	25	160	75	85	45	20	25
15 to 29 minutes	50	15	25	305	160	150	30	10	25
30 to 44 minutes	75	25	50	155	80	75	45	20	30
45 to 59 minutes	20	15	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	45	30	10	15	15	0	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	255	130	120	695	355	335	135	55	85
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	50	30	20	50	25	25	20	10	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	75	40	30	170	90	75	20	10	10
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	65	20	45	270	135	135	50	10	45
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	40	15	20	160	65	95	30	20	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15	10	0	40	35	10	0	0	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	80	40	40	155	80	75	110	55	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	15	10	55	30	25	65	35	30
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60	30	35	100	50	50	45	25	20
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	55	25	30	60	35	30	85	40	45
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	10	5	30	15	15	55	25	30
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	20	10	5	30	20	10	45	20	25
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	5	5	5	10	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	40	20	20	30	15	15	30	15	15

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...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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