Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24663206More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24661463More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24660572More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	589	...	...	764	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	561	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	340	...	...	373	...	...	976,966	...	...	248	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	323	...	...	355	...	...	910,359	...	...	218	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	24,852.3	...	...	11,808.3	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	13,046.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.02	...	...	0.06	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.04	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	590	300	295	760	370	395	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	560	305	255
0 to 14 years	75	35	40	90	45	40	309,765	158,545	151,225	175	80	90
0 to 4 years	20	15	10	25	10	15	99,195	50,760	48,435	65	35	30
5 to 9 years	25	10	10	35	15	15	106,985	54,660	52,320	60	25	40
10 to 14 years	25	15	15	25	15	15	103,590	53,120	50,470	45	25	15
15 to 64 years	470	235	235	620	295	325	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	360	205	160
15 to 19 years	15	10	10	15	5	15	97,525	49,340	48,180	20	15	10
20 to 24 years	55	25	30	55	25	35	140,025	70,895	69,125	25	15	5
25 to 29 years	90	45	40	150	65	85	165,525	83,630	81,895	30	10	15
30 to 34 years	80	45	30	135	65	70	157,725	78,995	78,730	65	30	30
35 to 39 years	60	25	35	90	45	45	149,265	74,115	75,155	65	35	30
40 to 44 years	50	30	25	55	30	30	142,365	70,920	71,445	50	30	20
45 to 49 years	40	15	20	45	25	25	125,505	62,690	62,815	35	25	15
50 to 54 years	35	20	20	25	20	5	121,710	61,735	59,975	40	25	10
55 to 59 years	25	10	15	20	15	10	125,465	63,810	61,655	20	15	10
60 to 64 years	25	10	15	15	10	10	118,065	57,920	60,140	10	5	0
65 years and over	45	25	20	55	25	35	351,325	151,210	200,120	25	15	10
65 to 69 years	15	5	10	20	10	10	99,325	46,730	52,595	10	5	5
70 to 74 years	20	10	10	20	10	10	86,030	39,185	46,845	5	5	0
75 to 79 years	5	5	0	10	5	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	5	5	5
80 to 84 years	5	5	5	5	0	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	0	0	0
85 years and over	0	0	0	5	0	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	5	0	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	5	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.7	11.7	13.6	11.8	12.2	10.1	15.5	16.1	14.8	31.3	26.2	35.3
15 to 64 years	79.7	78.3	79.7	81.6	79.7	82.3	67.0	68.5	65.6	64.3	67.2	62.7
65 years and over	7.6	8.3	6.8	7.2	6.8	8.9	17.5	15.4	19.6	4.5	4.9	3.9
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.7	0.0	1.3	2.8	1.9	3.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	36.5	36.4	36.6	35.0	35.6	34.4	41.0	39.8	42.1	30.2	32.0	27.8
Median age of the population	34.4	34.0	34.8	32.4	33.2	31.8	39.6	38.4	40.4	32.8	34.0	31.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	325	...	...	355	...	...	910,360	...	...	215	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10	...	...	70	...	...	110,440	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	145	...	...	230	...	...	479,885	...	...	215	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	170	...	...	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	50	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	325	...	...	355	...	...	910,355	...	...	220	...	...
1 person	165	...	...	125	...	...	367,400	...	...	80	...	...
2 persons	95	...	...	120	...	...	271,730	...	...	40	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	60	...	...	118,205	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	40	...	...	98,205	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	10	...	...	54,820	...	...	30	...	...
Number of persons in private households	585	295	295	755	360	390	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	560	305	255
Average household size	1.8	...	...	2.1	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	515	260	260	675	325	350	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	385	225	165
Married or living common-law	210	105	105	300	145	155	822,440	414,330	408,115	235	125	115
Married	150	75	75	85	40	40	577,060	289,455	287,600	225	115	105
Living common-law	60	30	30	220	105	115	245,385	124,870	120,510	15	5	5
Living common law - Never married	50	25	25	200	100	105	207,040	104,785	102,250	15	5	5
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	15	0	10	32,295	16,915	15,380	0	0	0
Living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	5	0	5	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	310	155	150	375	175	195	872,060	410,935	461,125	150	95	55
Not married and not living common law - Never married	240	125	120	325	155	165	627,845	333,150	294,700	105	70	35
Not married and not living common law - Separated	20	15	10	5	5	0	34,795	14,820	19,975	10	10	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	40	20	20	30	15	20	126,605	46,380	80,225	25	15	10
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	15	5	10	82,815	16,590	66,225	5	5	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	125	...	...	170	...	...	495,445	...	...	125	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	105	...	...	251,075	...	...	35	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	35	...	...	107,265	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	30	...	...	93,300	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	5	...	...	43,810	...	...	25	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	125	...	...	170	...	...	495,445	...	...	120	...	...
Total couple families	100	...	...	150	...	...	395,645	...	...	105	...	...
Married couples	75	...	...	40	...	...	273,070	...	...	100	...	...
With children⁶	45	...	...	25	...	...	162,745	...	...	80	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	15	...	...	110,325	...	...	15	...	...
Common-law couples	25	...	...	105	...	...	122,570	...	...	5	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	35	...	...	44,875	...	...	0	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	80	...	...	77,700	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	20	...	...	99,805	...	...	20	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	15	...	...	80,530	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	590	295	290	755	360	390	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	560	305	255
Total - Persons in census families	345	160	185	440	210	230	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	435	210	225
Married spouses or common-law partners	205	105	105	295	145	155	791,280	398,495	392,785	210	105	105
Parents in one-parent families	20	5	20	25	10	15	99,805	19,275	80,525	15	0	15
Children⁶	115	55	65	120	60	60	541,905	284,935	256,965	205	100	105
In a two-parent family	90	40	45	90	40	45	392,250	205,155	187,095	185	90	95
In a one-parent family	30	10	15	30	15	10	149,655	79,785	69,865	20	10	10
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	245	135	110	310	150	165	526,370	262,915	263,450	125	95	30
Living alone	165	80	90	125	60	65	367,395	175,660	191,740	75	55	25
Living with other relatives⁷	35	15	20	25	15	15	49,280	22,020	27,255	10	5	5
Living with non-relatives only	45	40	5	160	75	85	109,690	65,235	44,455	40	35	5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	325	...	...	355	...	...	910,360	...	...	220	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	120	...	...	155	...	...	455,970	...	...	120	...	...
Couple-family households	95	...	...	135	...	...	370,250	...	...	105	...	...
With children⁶	50	...	...	50	...	...	194,165	...	...	85	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	85	...	...	176,085	...	...	15	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	25	...	...	85,720	...	...	15	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	10	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	35	...	...	55	...	...	55,210	...	...	20	...	...
One-person households	165	...	...	125	...	...	367,395	...	...	75	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	515	260	255	660	315	350	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	385	220	165
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	500	255	250	650	310	340	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	365	205	155
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	35,200	31,600	42,800	44,000	40,800	37,600	39,600	36,000	31,800	31,000	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	500	255	250	650	310	340	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	365	205	155
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	31,600	29,200	37,600	40,400	36,400	34,000	35,200	32,800	30,200	29,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	455	230	220	625	295	325	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	300	180	120
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	24,800	29,000	21,400	36,800	43,200	32,400	31,000	35,200	27,000	22,000	25,800	14,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	415	215	195	565	275	290	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	275	180	105
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,600	27,800	22,000	36,400	44,000	29,200	32,800	36,000	29,600	21,800	26,600	16,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	440	215	225	525	240	285	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	345	195	150
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,100	9,200	7,650	7,000	8,400	10,800	9,600	12,000	10,400	7,800	16,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55	15	35	60	30	25	171,705	84,570	87,145	65	40	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,000	x	5,120	5,600	5,400	5,880	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,280	5,280	5,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	210	105	105	270	125	145	529,640	276,110	253,530	170	100	70
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	11,200	8,700	8,000	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	525	285	240	675	330	345	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	370	220	150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	510	270	240	670	330	340	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	350	205	145
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,200	50,800	40,800	57,300	64,400	50,200	53,250	60,050	46,760	36,800	33,200	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	510	270	240	670	330	340	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	350	205	145
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	39,600	35,600	46,400	50,600	42,400	42,520	46,280	38,960	33,200	29,200	39,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	470	250	220	650	325	325	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	285	180	110
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,000	46,800	34,000	52,300	60,600	44,000	48,960	57,350	40,640	27,400	27,200	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	445	240	205	555	290	265	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	280	180	105
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,200	44,800	35,200	53,400	60,000	46,400	48,760	55,650	41,480	26,600	26,600	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	455	230	230	510	225	285	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	325	190	140
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,280	8,500	10,000	9,000	8,100	9,700	12,040	10,900	13,040	15,050	10,300	21,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60	0	50	40	30	0	171,360	84,435	86,925	70	35	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	...	8,400	7,000	8,000	...	6,840	6,065	7,590	4,800	4,800	4,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	220	105	115	195	95	105	528,305	276,300	252,005	165	105	60
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	10,600	8,400	9,400	8,600	10,000	9,110	9,140	9,070	10,100	10,000	10,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	525	285	240	675	330	345	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	225	150
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	185	95	85	270	160	115	514,340	278,505	235,830	100	65	35
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,400	50,800	45,600	68,500	68,500	68,500	60,000	63,600	56,000	42,000	55,200	39,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,500	88,000	56,000	74,000	79,000	67,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	50,000	52,000	48,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	235	125	110	245	110	135	504,455	247,565	256,895	120	65	60
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	13,300	10,300	14,900	28,600	31,000	23,800	16,400	17,400	15,500	14,700	14,700	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	15,800	19,600	36,400	41,000	33,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	16,400	15,200	17,500
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.0	86.0	77.0	88.0	91.0	84.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	61.0	71.0	50.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	76.5	78.0	74.0	77.0	80.0	73.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	59.0	70.0	46.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.0	14.0	23.6	11.9	8.6	16.4	18.9	14.4	24.4	38.4	28.8	50.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	x	4.0	0.8	1.0	x	1.4	1.1	1.7	2.6	2.4	2.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.7	9.0	10.8	5.2	4.1	6.7	6.4	5.9	7.0	14.6	16.5	12.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	9.0	8.0	10.0	4.8	3.7	6.0	5.7	5.4	6.0	13.0	15.6	10.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	515	260	260	665	315	345	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	385	225	165
Without total income	15	10	10	10	0	10	65,020	32,205	32,820	25	15	10
With total income	500	250	245	650	315	340	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	365	210	160
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	20	25	35	20	20	138,250	65,670	72,580	40	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	75	35	40	60	30	35	200,450	93,060	107,390	50	30	25
$20,000 to $29,999	100	55	50	110	55	55	286,825	131,235	155,595	75	50	25
$30,000 to $39,999	80	35	45	95	35	55	215,455	102,705	112,755	80	35	45
$40,000 to $49,999	40	25	20	70	30	35	181,505	86,460	95,040	50	30	20
$50,000 to $59,999	50	25	25	65	30	35	138,185	64,805	73,380	30	15	15
$60,000 to $69,999	35	15	20	40	20	25	100,060	48,510	51,550	25	15	10
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	10	45	20	25	74,165	37,625	36,540	5	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	5	30	20	5	58,400	30,060	28,335	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	5	30	20	15	42,240	22,360	19,875	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	20	10	5	70	40	25	149,555	92,680	56,875	0	0	0
$100,000 to $149,999	10	5	5	45	20	20	90,980	53,275	37,705	0	0	0
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	25	20	5	58,575	39,405	19,170	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	515	260	260	665	315	345	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	385	225	165
Without after-tax income	15	10	10	10	0	10	64,605	32,005	32,605	25	15	10
With after-tax income	500	250	245	650	315	340	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	365	210	160
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	20	25	40	15	20	144,275	67,955	76,320	40	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	75	35	45	65	25	35	210,975	98,495	112,480	55	30	25
$20,000 to $29,999	120	60	60	135	70	65	334,395	155,845	178,545	85	55	35
$30,000 to $39,999	85	45	40	105	40	70	257,145	124,835	132,315	90	45	45
$40,000 to $49,999	65	35	30	85	40	50	204,980	97,805	107,175	50	25	20
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	25	75	35	35	139,760	67,315	72,450	25	15	15
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	10	45	35	15	93,705	46,700	47,005	15	5	5
$70,000 to $79,999	10	10	5	25	15	10	61,765	31,815	29,945	5	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	0	35	10	20	38,975	21,640	17,335	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	10	5	5	25,855	14,955	10,900	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	30	25	10	73,695	48,025	25,665	0	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	25	15	5	33,165	20,265	12,905	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	10	10	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	515	260	260	665	315	345	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	385	225	165
Without employment income	105	45	60	100	45	55	495,060	212,405	282,660	110	45	65
With employment income	410	220	195	565	270	295	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	280	175	100
Under $5,000 (including loss)	80	45	30	75	35	40	167,560	82,405	85,155	45	25	20
$5,000 to $9,999	40	20	25	40	15	20	111,575	52,975	58,595	35	25	15
$10,000 to $19,999	60	30	35	90	40	45	151,350	72,815	78,530	50	25	20
$20,000 to $29,999	45	20	25	55	15	45	116,030	56,295	59,730	45	20	20
$30,000 to $39,999	35	15	20	35	15	20	108,120	55,225	52,890	50	35	15
$40,000 to $49,999	40	25	20	50	25	20	104,250	51,950	52,300	20	15	5
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	10	45	25	25	84,485	42,940	41,540	15	15	0
$60,000 to $69,999	20	15	10	35	20	20	66,190	35,045	31,145	10	5	0
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	5	40	25	20	52,585	28,500	24,080	10	10	0
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	5	25	15	10	46,000	24,150	21,850	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	15	10	10	31,345	18,120	13,230	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	15	10	5	55	35	20	115,575	74,545	41,030	0	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	0	30	15	10	47,525	28,870	18,655	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	30	15	10	68,050	45,675	22,375	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	515	260	255	660	315	350	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	385	220	165
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	475	240	235	645	305	335	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	345	200	145
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,800	27,400	26,600	37,200	44,400	33,200	34,000	36,400	31,800	24,200	25,200	23,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	475	240	235	645	305	335	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	345	200	145
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,000	26,000	26,000	34,400	38,000	30,800	31,000	32,800	29,400	23,200	23,400	23,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	425	220	210	615	290	320	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	280	175	110
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,400	30,400	24,200	35,200	42,800	31,000	32,000	36,000	28,200	19,400	24,000	15,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	385	200	185	555	265	290	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	250	165	90
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	30,200	26,000	34,800	41,600	29,400	33,600	36,800	30,400	21,200	22,600	16,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	400	205	200	480	215	270	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	310	170	135
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,570	1,440	2,200	1,760	1,450	1,840	4,440	2,760	7,300	4,480	3,560	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	25	10	15	45	20	20	114,940	56,080	58,855	45	30	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	x	x	5,160	3,800	8,400	5,120	4,600	5,760	6,800	5,600	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	525	285	240	675	330	345	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	370	220	150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	480	255	230	660	315	345	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	330	190	145
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,200	44,000	36,400	85,200	132,000	42,200	50,000	57,050	43,280	28,700	27,600	30,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	480	255	230	660	315	345	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	330	190	145
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,600	33,600	31,600	65,400	98,000	35,200	39,800	43,800	35,920	26,200	24,200	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	415	205	210	625	310	315	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	265	160	105
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,800	49,600	34,400	85,600	133,000	39,600	49,080	57,750	40,560	25,000	27,400	21,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	380	195	190	545	285	260	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	245	150	95
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,000	49,200	36,800	49,200	56,800	41,200	48,720	55,750	41,240	26,000	28,000	22,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	400	205	190	510	225	285	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	280	150	130
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,700	4,000	5,480	5,120	3,600	6,320	8,250	6,740	9,510	9,900	5,500	15,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25	0	20	40	15	20	114,595	55,675	58,915	40	30	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,000	...	8,000	8,500	4,500	11,000	7,510	5,990	8,940	9,200	8,000	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	525	285	240	675	330	345	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	225	150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	175	95	80	275	160	115	507,645	274,575	233,070	100	60	35
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,800	44,400	52,000	52,400	58,000	50,800	54,400	58,400	50,400	44,400	47,200	38,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,000	79,000	52,000	61,200	65,500	55,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	45,000	50,000	36,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	175	80	100	240	100	140	462,020	227,495	234,530	90	45	45
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	18,000	18,400	29,400	44,800	21,000	21,800	23,200	20,400	11,200	10,600	14,100
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	21,000	26,400	37,200	46,000	30,800	32,320	35,520	29,240	16,800	18,000	15,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.0	92.0	88.0	95.0	98.0	88.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	70.0	84.0	54.0
Employment income (%)	85.0	86.0	84.0	48.0	39.0	74.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	68.0	84.0	50.0
Government transfers (%)	9.6	7.5	12.6	4.6	1.9	12.4	12.8	8.6	18.2	29.6	15.6	46.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	x	2.0	0.6	0.2	1.6	1.1	0.8	1.6	4.0	4.5	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	325	...	...	355	...	...	910,355	...	...	220	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	54,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	47,200	...	...	71,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	48,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	165	...	...	125	...	...	367,395	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	52,000	...	...	38,000	...	...	30,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...	41,200	...	...	34,000	...	...	26,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	155	...	...	230	...	...	542,960	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	91,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	315	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	210	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	104,800	...	...	92,700	...	...	60,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	84,800	...	...	74,100	...	...	54,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	145	...	...	140	...	...	367,255	...	...	85	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	63,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	37,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	52,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	32,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	165	...	...	230	...	...	543,100	...	...	125	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	105,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	325	...	...	355	...	...	910,355	...	...	215	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	17,665	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	25,730	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	57,720	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	5	...	...	41,160	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	40,595	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	41,545	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	42,630	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	40,980	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	35	...	...	75,485	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	25	...	...	67,695	...	...	30	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30	...	...	35	...	...	60,495	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	54,055	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	45,830	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	50	...	...	135	...	...	270,265	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	40	...	...	85,635	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	56,205	...	...	5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10	...	...	35	...	...	62,095	...	...	0	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	25	...	...	66,335	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	325	...	...	355	...	...	910,355	...	...	215	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	17,965	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	27,485	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	63,030	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	49,660	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	48,815	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	51,055	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	50,890	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	25	...	...	47,120	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40	...	...	35	...	...	85,490	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35	...	...	35	...	...	75,625	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	30	...	...	65,530	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	54,850	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	45,065	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	30	...	...	95	...	...	197,490	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	45	...	...	78,870	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	45,905	...	...	0	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	35	...	...	72,715	...	...	0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	135	...	...	180	...	...	501,830	...	...	125	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	92,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	63,600	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	90	...	...	179,195	...	...	15	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	81,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	55	...	...	208,260	...	...	85	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	154,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	121,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	20	...	...	95,875	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	81,000	...	...	59,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.2	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	210	120	90	285	140	150	477,085	240,895	236,195	120	90	25
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	34,000	34,800	36,400	36,000	36,400	34,400	34,800	34,000	26,800	27,400	26,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	30,400	32,400	32,400	31,000	32,400	31,200	31,200	31,200	25,000	25,000	25,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	150	...	...	170	...	...	501,905	...	...	115	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	135,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	100	...	...	179,455	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	50	...	...	208,375	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	170,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	20	...	...	95,455	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	120,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	100,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	175	105	75	310	155	155	476,520	240,280	236,245	125	105	15
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	57,200	69,000	42,000	49,600	55,000	45,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	29,600	27,600	45,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	48,000	36,000	41,200	45,000	38,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	26,000	24,400	36,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	590	300	295	750	360	390	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	560	305	260
0 to 17 years	80	40	40	100	50	55	365,020	186,710	178,315	185	90	95
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	35	15	20	120,615	61,615	58,995	80	45	35
18 to 64 years	460	230	235	590	285	305	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	350	195	150
65 years and over	45	25	20	55	25	30	317,425	140,270	177,155	25	15	10
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	140	75	65	50	25	25	321,885	154,370	167,510	160	90	70
0 to 17 years	20	10	10	0	0	0	54,265	27,870	26,395	45	20	25
0 to 5 years	10	10	5	0	0	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	20	5	5
18 to 64 years	105	50	50	35	15	15	197,020	99,310	97,710	100	60	40
65 years and over	15	10	5	10	10	0	70,600	27,185	43,415	15	10	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	23.6	25.0	23.0	6.2	6.8	5.6	16.4	16.0	16.9	28.6	30.0	27.0
0 to 17 years (%)	26.0	32.0	25.0	x	x	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	23.0	22.0	24.0
0 to 5 years (%)	30.0	40.0	x	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	24.0	20.0	25.0
18 to 64 years (%)	22.0	22.0	22.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	28.8	31.0	26.0
65 years and over (%)	36.0	40.0	30.0	16.0	30.0	x	22.2	19.4	24.5	70.0	70.0	60.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	590	295	290	750	360	390	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	560	305	255
0 to 17 years	80	40	40	105	45	55	365,025	186,705	178,315	190	90	95
0 to 5 years	25	15	15	35	20	15	120,610	61,615	58,995	80	45	35
18 to 64 years	460	230	230	595	285	310	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	345	200	150
65 years and over	45	30	20	55	25	30	317,425	140,265	177,155	25	15	10
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	90	50	40	75	40	35	213,720	108,905	104,815	100	65	35
0 to 17 years	10	5	0	0	0	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	25	10	10
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	70	40	35	70	35	30	153,385	81,765	71,620	70	50	20
65 years and over	10	5	0	0	0	5	30,745	11,975	18,775	5	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	15.6	18.0	13.0	9.6	10.0	9.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	17.6	20.0	14.0
0 to 17 years (%)	16.0	20.0	10.0	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	13.0	12.0	14.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	25.0	x	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	16.0	12.0	16.0
18 to 64 years (%)	15.2	17.0	14.0	11.6	12.0	11.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	19.5	24.0	13.0
65 years and over (%)	20.0	25.0	x	8.0	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	25.0	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	590	300	295	750	360	390	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	560	305	255
In bottom half of the distribution	450	230	220	400	190	215	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	520	285	235
In bottom decile	130	75	55	105	50	55	298,540	147,890	150,655	145	85	60
In second decile	95	45	50	80	40	40	244,435	115,985	128,450	130	65	60
In third decile	110	50	55	80	30	45	240,895	116,550	124,345	105	55	50
In fourth decile	65	35	35	50	25	30	218,125	105,885	112,240	100	55	45
In fifth decile	50	25	25	90	50	45	194,765	95,185	99,580	40	20	25
In top half of the distribution	140	65	75	350	175	175	762,590	384,140	378,450	40	20	20
In sixth decile	35	15	20	65	30	40	172,200	85,100	87,095	30	15	10
In seventh decile	35	15	20	80	45	35	156,540	78,290	78,250	10	0	5
In eighth decile	30	15	20	60	30	30	144,120	72,600	71,525	0	0	0
In ninth decile	20	10	10	85	40	50	134,265	68,285	65,980	0	0	0
In top decile	15	5	10	55	25	25	155,465	79,870	75,595	0	0	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	590	...	...	750	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	560	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.338	...	...	0.289	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.238	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.486	...	...	0.372	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.426	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.293	...	...	0.247	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.211	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.2	...	...	3.0	...	...	4.1	...	...	2.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	590	295	290	765	370	395	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	560	305	255
English only	115	60	50	25	10	15	262,290	133,690	128,600	100	60	40
French only	85	35	40	145	60	85	486,845	221,005	265,840	225	115	115
English and French	375	185	185	590	295	300	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	205	110	90
Neither English nor French	15	5	5	5	0	0	45,860	18,340	27,520	30	15	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	590	295	290	765	370	395	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	560	305	255
English	255	120	135	80	40	40	605,220	303,380	301,835	125	75	50
French	230	120	110	650	305	345	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	325	165	160
English and French	90	50	45	30	15	15	173,785	88,480	85,300	80	45	30
Neither English nor French	15	5	5	5	0	0	44,430	17,640	26,790	30	15	15
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	590	295	290	765	370	395	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	560	305	255
Single responses	550	280	270	735	355	385	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	485	260	230
Official languages	265	140	125	665	320	340	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	190	95	95
English	125	60	70	55	30	20	322,315	162,085	160,230	40	20	20
French	145	80	60	610	285	320	870,975	428,435	442,540	155	80	75
Non-official languages	280	140	140	75	40	40	643,275	311,525	331,750	295	165	135
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	280	140	140	75	40	40	642,820	311,370	331,445	295	165	135
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	30	20	15	5	5	129,195	68,395	60,805	135	75	60
Berber languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	20	15	5
Kabyle	5	0	0	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	15	10	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	30	20	15	5	5	112,200	59,320	52,880	110	60	50
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	45	25	20	15	5	5	107,605	56,960	50,645	110	60	50
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	20	10	10	24,640	11,340	13,300	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	20	10	10	19,905	9,185	10,725	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	10	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	10	10	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	10	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	80	40	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	80	40	35
Tamil	5	5	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	155	75	85	35	20	20	329,415	158,980	170,435	50	25	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	10	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	40	15	20	5	5	5	37,235	16,405	20,835	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40	15	20	5	5	5	36,800	16,245	20,555	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	30	15	15	5	5	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	20	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	20	15	10
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	10	5	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	5	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	5	5	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	40	50	25	10	15	183,755	87,295	96,460	10	10	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	5	5	0	5	63,560	29,680	33,880	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	5	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0
Romanian	45	20	25	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	40	15	25	15	5	10	85,395	41,150	44,250	10	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	15	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	5	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	10	5	5	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	57,075	26,030	31,035	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	56,890	25,955	30,935	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	5	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	10	5	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	5	5	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	5	5	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	15	25	25	10	15	143,450	71,980	71,470	75	40	30
English and French	10	5	5	20	5	10	42,695	21,750	20,940	20	15	5
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	5	0	0	32,265	15,955	16,310	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0	0	0	47,185	23,615	23,570	30	20	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	590	295	290	765	370	395	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	560	305	255
English	125	60	70	45	25	20	340,470	170,050	170,425	35	20	15
French	90	55	40	550	260	290	779,125	383,000	396,125	150	80	75
Non-official language	70	40	35	20	10	5	204,395	96,705	107,690	95	50	45
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	70	40	35	20	10	5	204,315	96,670	107,645	95	50	45
English and French	70	40	30	85	45	40	173,135	89,205	83,935	25	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	80	35	45	15	5	5	135,390	66,995	68,400	55	35	20
French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	20	5	15	180,900	85,935	94,965	130	70	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	30	15	15	154,470	76,450	78,020	60	30	25
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	10	0	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	590	295	290	765	370	395	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	560	305	255
Single responses	520	265	260	730	350	380	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	475	260	215
Official languages	350	170	175	695	335	365	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	260	145	120
English	205	95	110	70	35	30	479,850	239,270	240,580	45	25	20
French	145	80	70	630	295	330	956,130	471,155	484,975	215	115	100
Non-official languages	175	95	80	30	20	15	370,290	177,955	192,335	215	120	95
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	95	80	30	20	15	370,125	177,895	192,235	215	120	95
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	10	5	0	66,095	34,080	32,015	80	45	35
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	5	5	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	5	5	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	10	5	0	58,585	30,100	28,490	70	40	30
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	30	15	15	10	5	0	56,520	29,075	27,445	65	35	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	10	5	5	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	5	0	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	75	45	30
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	70	40	30
Tamil	5	0	0	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	100	55	45	10	5	5	188,550	90,370	98,185	45	20	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	10	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	15	5	5	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	15	5	5	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	25	15	10	5	5	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	5	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	15	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	15	5	10
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	15	5	10
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	35	20	10	0	5	95,835	44,515	51,315	10	10	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	25	15	15	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	30	20	10	0	5	0	54,335	26,035	28,300	10	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	5	5	5	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	5	5	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	5	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	5	0	0	0	43,570	20,275	23,295	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	5	0	0	0	43,475	20,230	23,240	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	0	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	10	5	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	5	5	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	5	5	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	70	30	35	40	15	20	173,745	85,640	88,110	85	45	40
English and French	20	15	5	20	10	10	53,305	27,065	26,240	15	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	15	10	0	10	39,365	19,140	20,225	15	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	5	0	5	57,355	27,790	29,565	50	25	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	5	0	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	585	295	290	765	370	395	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	560	305	255
None	340	170	175	655	315	340	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	340	180	160
English	60	30	30	55	30	25	131,630	67,290	64,340	45	25	15
French	60	35	30	20	10	10	126,780	62,180	64,600	40	20	20
Non-official language	70	35	40	15	5	5	144,335	69,210	75,130	65	35	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	70	35	40	15	5	5	144,155	69,135	75,015	65	35	30
English and French	15	10	10	5	0	0	34,410	17,320	17,090	30	20	10
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	15	5	10	38,875	19,700	19,180	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	10	5	0	33,620	16,170	17,450	10	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	5	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	595	315	280	745	370	380	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	595	295	300
Official languages	585	315	270	735	370	370	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	565	280	290
English	485	270	220	615	315	295	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	275	150	120
French	455	250	205	710	345	365	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	485	210	275
Non-official languages	390	205	190	195	105	90	971,455	471,755	499,700	490	245	240
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	390	205	190	195	105	90	970,710	471,495	499,220	490	245	240
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	90	50	0	0	0	217,295	113,605	103,690	305	150	155
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	70	30	40
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	70	30	40
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	20	20	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	10	10	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	140	90	50	0	0	0	205,120	107,210	97,905	230	110	115
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	135	90	45	0	0	0	188,115	98,545	89,565	230	110	115
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	35	15	20	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	35	15	20	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	15	10	10
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	15	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	110	50	60
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	90	40	55
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	20	10	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	155	80	80	140	80	60	514,485	250,190	264,295	90	70	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	25	25	10	0	10	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	50	25	25	10	0	10	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	45	25	20	10	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	15	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	60	40	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	60	40	15
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	50	40	10
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	15	0	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	40	40	125	70	55	324,695	154,360	170,340	15	15	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	20	10	10	107,285	51,300	55,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	20	15	10	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	45	20	25	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	40	20	25	105	55	50	193,835	91,345	102,490	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	25	10	15	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	20	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	15	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	20	15	10	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15	10	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	600	315	275	750	370	385	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	590	295	305
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10	0	0	20	10	10	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10	0	0	15	10	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	10	0	0	15	10	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	590	315	275	730	360	370	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	590	295	305
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	600	315	275	750	370	385	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	590	295	305
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	600	315	275	745	370	375	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	590	295	305
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	315	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	210	...	...
Owner	25	...	...	100	...	...	360,125	...	...	0	...	...
Renter	285	...	...	265	...	...	550,240	...	...	205	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	315	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	210	...	...
Condominium	35	...	...	80	...	...	192,985	...	...	40	...	...
Not condominium	275	...	...	290	...	...	717,375	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	315	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	210	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	15	...	...
1 bedroom	165	...	...	125	...	...	267,715	...	...	115	...	...
2 bedrooms	105	...	...	140	...	...	303,875	...	...	75	...	...
3 bedrooms	20	...	...	70	...	...	220,945	...	...	0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...	30	...	...	98,090	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	315	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	210	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	275	...	...	190	...	...	501,570	...	...	210	...	...
5 rooms	30	...	...	55	...	...	166,230	...	...	0	...	...
6 rooms	0	...	...	70	...	...	78,495	...	...	0	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	50	...	...	58,850	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	10	...	...	105,210	...	...	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.2	...	...	4.6	...	...	4.7	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	315	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	210	...	...
One person or fewer per room	305	...	...	365	...	...	881,730	...	...	155	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	315	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	210	...	...
Suitable	265	...	...	360	...	...	834,885	...	...	115	...	...
Not suitable	50	...	...	10	...	...	75,475	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	315	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	210	...	...
1960 or before	160	...	...	325	...	...	325,005	...	...	50	...	...
1961 to 1980	100	...	...	25	...	...	282,605	...	...	75	...	...
1981 to 1990	40	...	...	15	...	...	101,185	...	...	60	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	0	...	...	63,765	...	...	15	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	15	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	315	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	210	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	290	...	...	320	...	...	833,540	...	...	195	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	50	...	...	76,815	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	315	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	210	...	...
One-maintainer household	195	...	...	200	...	...	543,605	...	...	135	...	...
Two-maintainer household	110	...	...	125	...	...	333,140	...	...	60	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	35	...	...	33,620	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	315	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	210	...	...
15 to 24 years	25	...	...	20	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	100	...	...	140	...	...	162,375	...	...	35	...	...
35 to 44 years	80	...	...	75	...	...	171,535	...	...	60	...	...
45 to 54 years	30	...	...	45	...	...	155,520	...	...	70	...	...
55 to 64 years	35	...	...	35	...	...	156,865	...	...	25	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	30	...	...	122,825	...	...	15	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	10	...	...	70,345	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	15	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	310	...	...	370	...	...	902,485	...	...	215	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	240	...	...	330	...	...	686,075	...	...	165	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	75	...	...	35	...	...	216,410	...	...	50	...	...
30% to less than 100%	65	...	...	30	...	...	189,795	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	315	...	...	365	...	...	910,360	...	...	210	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	95	...	...	330,635	...	...	135	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	65	...	...	35	...	...	186,350	...	...	35	...	...
Not suitable only	40	...	...	10	...	...	56,480	...	...	75	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	50	...	...	50,745	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	180	...	...	275	...	...	579,720	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	300	...	...	360	...	...	875,865	...	...	215	...	...
In core need	30	...	...	0	...	...	87,945	...	...	40	...	...
Not in core need	270	...	...	355	...	...	787,925	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25	...	...	100	...	...	360,120	...	...	0	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	0.0	...	...	50.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,130	...	...	1,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	...	...	1,440	...	...	1,572	...	...	...	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	x	...	...	600,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	560,000	...	...	620,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	285	...	...	270	...	...	550,235	...	...	205	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.3	...	...	11.1	...	...	28.4	...	...	24.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.9	...	...	0.0	...	...	14.6	...	...	19.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	1,150	...	...	890	...	...	770	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	1,180	...	...	987	...	...	840	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	595	320	280	750	370	380	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	595	290	300
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15	15	0	40	15	20	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	15	15	0	40	15	20	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	40	15	20	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	585	305	275	705	345	355	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	580	290	295
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	595	315	280	750	370	380	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	595	290	300
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	445	225	220	600	305	295	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	350	150	195
Canadian citizens aged under 18	65	30	35	70	40	30	322,965	164,980	157,985	180	70	115
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	380	190	190	530	265	265	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	175	85	85
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	155	95	60	150	65	85	313,410	160,530	152,885	245	140	100
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	595	315	280	750	370	380	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	595	290	300
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	230	110	120	500	245	255	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	155	60	95
Immigrants⁸¹	280	155	125	160	95	60	652,730	313,955	338,770	365	165	200
Before 1980	20	0	10	25	10	15	108,265	50,530	57,735	10	0	0
1980 to 1990	10	0	0	30	15	15	69,695	34,150	35,545	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	60	40	20	15	15	0	106,810	50,520	56,290	10	10	0
2001 to 2010	55	30	25	20	10	10	154,780	74,520	80,255	100	50	50
2011 to 2021⁸²	135	80	55	70	50	20	213,175	104,225	108,950	250	100	150
2011 to 2015	80	40	40	10	10	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	90	35	60
2016 to 2021	50	40	20	60	40	20	114,110	56,220	57,885	160	65	90
Non-permanent residents⁸³	85	55	35	95	30	70	138,240	75,380	62,860	75	65	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	280	155	125	160	100	65	652,725	313,955	338,770	370	165	200
Under 5 years	20	10	10	0	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	55	15	40
5 to 14 years	50	25	25	15	10	10	103,285	51,965	51,320	80	35	50
15 to 24 years	25	20	0	20	10	10	118,475	53,035	65,440	10	0	10
25 to 44 years	175	100	75	115	75	40	326,320	158,620	167,700	200	95	100
45 years and over	10	0	10	0	0	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	25	25	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	280	155	125	160	100	65	652,725	313,955	338,770	370	165	200
Americas	40	20	15	15	10	15	137,955	63,465	74,485	20	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	10	0	10
Jamaica	10	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	90	50	40	90	65	30	158,795	76,610	82,190	10	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	20	15	0	65	50	20	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	25	10	10	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	10	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	90	50	35	10	10	0	152,205	77,515	74,690	205	95	110
Algeria	25	10	10	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	65	35	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	35	20	15	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	65	25	45
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	20	0	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	70	40	35
Asia	60	30	30	40	20	20	202,715	95,775	106,935	135	55	75
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	15	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	30	15	20	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	100	40	65
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	0	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	50	35	15	60	40	20	114,110	56,220	57,885	160	65	90
Americas	0	0	0	10	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	15	10	0	50	30	15	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	40	25	10	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	30	25	10	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	40	20	15
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	10	10	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	15	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	10	0	0	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	110	45	70
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	100	40	65
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	600	315	280	750	370	380	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	595	295	300
First generation¹⁰⁰	365	205	160	260	125	130	813,905	400,325	413,580	440	230	205
Second generation¹⁰¹	145	70	70	75	40	30	424,225	212,755	211,475	135	55	80
Third generation or more¹⁰²	90	35	50	420	200	215	721,230	352,590	368,630	25	10	15
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	260	150	110	135	85	45	544,455	263,425	281,040	360	160	200
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	200	125	75	85	60	25	303,105	155,090	148,020	270	130	140
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	105	80	20	70	50	20	151,015	87,200	63,815	105	60	45
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	95	50	55	15	10	0	152,090	67,890	84,205	165	70	95
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	50	20	30	35	20	20	146,645	59,645	87,000	50	15	35
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10	0	10	15	10	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	35	10	20
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	260	150	110	135	85	45	544,455	263,425	281,040	360	160	200
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	0	0	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	25	15	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	15	0	15	55	35	20	56,685	26,490	30,195	0	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	10	0	10	10	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30	30	0	15	15	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	190	100	90	55	30	25	387,815	184,015	203,795	325	145	185
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	600	315	275	750	370	385	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	595	295	300
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	285	160	135	65	30	40	737,510	363,785	373,725	445	230	215
South Asian	30	15	15	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	140	75	70
Chinese	10	0	10	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	105	50	55	10	0	0	208,805	101,125	107,680	80	50	30
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	70	50	20	0	0	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	215	100	110
Latin American	15	10	0	15	0	10	82,550	40,580	41,970	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	40	15	25	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	20	15	10	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	25	0	15	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	305	160	150	685	345	345	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	150	65	90
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	595	315	280	750	370	380	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	595	295	300
Canadian	25	15	20	75	30	40	241,015	115,880	125,135	35	0	25
English	30	20	15	25	10	10	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	35	15	20	50	25	20	102,325	48,885	53,440	0	0	0
Scottish	25	10	15	50	15	35	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20	15	10	355	165	195	336,880	169,710	167,170	0	0	0
German	10	0	10	15	0	10	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	15	0	15	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	15	15	0	65	20	40	156,025	76,485	79,535	0	0	0
Indian (India)	20	15	10	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	130	70	60
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	15	0	15	15	0	15	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	10	10	0	70	45	30	108,910	54,650	54,260	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	60	25	40	66,400	31,740	34,655	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	10	10	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	45	20	25	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	20	0	15	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	50	20	35	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10	0	10	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	20	10	0	20	10	15	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	15	10	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	15	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	10	10	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	15	10	10	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	10	0	0
Jewish	20	10	10	15	10	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	40	15	25	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	30	10	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	135	55	85
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	20	0	15	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	40	25	15	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	40	15	25	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	10	10	0	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	10	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	10	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	25	10	15	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	20	10	15	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	20	0	15
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	20	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	60	35	25	10	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	55	30	30
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	20	10	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	30	20	10	10	0	10	41,695	21,670	20,025	90	45	45
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	20	10	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	20	15	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	25	15	15	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	15	10	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	20	15	10	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	600	320	275	750	370	380	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	590	295	305
Buddhist	0	0	0	30	10	20	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	205	110	100	180	80	100	969,945	451,410	518,540	140	70	70
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	50	15	35	0	0	0	116,635	55,545	61,090	25	10	10
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	70	40	25	165	75	95	675,695	314,690	361,010	75	30	40
Christian Orthodox	40	25	15	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	10	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	35	20	15	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	20	15	10
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	55	25	25
Jewish	30	10	25	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	150	100	50	0	0	0	233,440	121,145	112,290	350	160	190
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	185	95	95	530	270	255	590,140	310,985	279,165	40	25	15
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	580	315	270	750	370	380	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	575	285	290
Non-movers	435	235	200	605	305	300	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	540	260	280
Movers	145	75	70	145	60	85	255,365	129,500	125,865	35	30	10
Non-migrants	115	60	55	105	40	65	186,805	94,745	92,055	30	25	10
Migrants	30	20	10	40	20	15	68,560	34,750	33,810	0	0	0
Internal migrants	10	0	0	25	15	10	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	20	10	10	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	20	15	10	10	10	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	570	310	260	720	355	365	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	535	260	275
Non-movers	245	135	110	275	130	145	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	245	110	135
Movers	325	175	150	440	225	220	821,475	413,250	408,230	285	150	135
Non-migrants	140	75	65	205	115	90	433,700	216,030	217,670	95	65	30
Migrants	185	100	85	245	110	125	387,770	197,215	190,560	190	85	100
Internal migrants	80	35	40	120	75	45	190,035	93,955	96,075	10	0	10
Intraprovincial migrants	60	30	25	90	60	30	159,710	78,770	80,940	10	0	10
Interprovincial migrants	20	10	15	30	15	15	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	110	65	45	120	40	80	197,735	103,260	94,485	175	85	95
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	525	285	240	675	330	345	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	220	150
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	55	35	15	35	15	25	274,820	136,500	138,320	115	70	45
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	475	245	225	635	315	320	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	260	155	105
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	405	210	200	525	280	250	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	295	155	135
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30	20	10	15	0	10	121,295	65,950	55,345	65	30	35
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	375	185	190	510	275	240	975,700	481,690	494,005	230	130	105
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	525	290	240	675	335	340	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	220	150
No certificate, diploma or degree	45	25	20	35	20	20	247,460	120,840	126,625	95	55	40
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	105	75	35	45	30	15	319,755	162,520	157,240	40	25	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	375	185	190	600	285	305	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	235	145	95
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	60	35	175	90	85	473,060	232,855	240,210	115	70	40
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	10	0	60	25	30	146,170	81,740	64,425	55	40	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	10	0	35	15	20	106,110	54,025	52,085	40	30	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	20	15	10	40,055	27,715	12,340	15	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	45	25	85	55	30	260,845	122,345	138,495	40	15	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	30	0	25	66,045	28,760	37,285	15	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	275	130	150	425	200	220	609,855	291,355	318,505	125	75	50
Bachelor's degree	165	70	95	190	95	100	344,605	160,320	184,285	75	35	40
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	35	15	20	45	15	25	58,945	27,280	31,665	20	15	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	0	15	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	40	25	15	175	85	90	159,510	78,325	81,190	20	20	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	15	0	15	15	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	405	205	200	530	280	250	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	295	160	135
No certificate, diploma or degree	20	10	15	15	0	15	102,815	55,805	47,015	40	20	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	55	40	20	25	25	0	162,205	88,420	73,785	30	15	15
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	325	160	170	490	255	240	831,975	403,420	428,555	220	125	95
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	75	45	35	120	70	50	333,160	167,260	165,895	110	65	45
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15	10	10	50	25	20	110,390	60,690	49,700	55	45	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	10	10	30	10	15	81,090	40,585	40,505	40	30	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	15	15	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	15	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	50	35	15	65	50	15	174,185	84,745	89,445	40	10	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	10	0	10	48,580	21,830	26,755	15	15	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	250	115	140	370	180	190	498,815	236,155	262,665	115	60	55
Bachelor's degree	155	65	95	160	80	80	276,640	128,890	147,745	75	35	40
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	35	15	20	40	15	25	48,390	21,995	26,395	20	10	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	0	10	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	40	25	15	160	75	85	137,150	66,720	70,430	10	10	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	0	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	530	285	240	675	335	340	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	375	220	150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	150	105	50	80	40	35	567,220	283,355	283,860	130	80	55
Education	20	0	20	25	10	20	56,030	12,985	43,045	0	0	0
13. Education	20	0	20	25	10	20	56,030	12,985	43,045	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	10	10	105	45	70	69,210	32,705	36,505	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	10	0	100	35	70	61,135	27,085	34,045	0	0	0
Humanities	30	15	20	45	30	10	78,920	30,815	48,110	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	0	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	10	10	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	25	20	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	10	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	10	25	100	45	55	157,220	58,185	99,040	35	10	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	20	10	15	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	10	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	10	0	10	28,365	11,670	16,690	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	10	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	10	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	10	0	40	10	25	59,300	29,185	30,110	25	10	15
Business, management and public administration	85	25	60	90	35	50	248,895	110,950	137,945	50	45	10
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85	25	60	85	35	50	237,125	108,040	129,090	50	45	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	40	20	20	20	0	15	57,445	29,770	27,670	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	10	10	10	0	10	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	10	10	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	45	40	0	30	30	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	35	35	0	20	20	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	10	10	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	75	60	20	100	80	15	173,380	143,615	29,765	65	65	0
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	15	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	50	40	15	55	45	10	78,800	61,515	17,290	20	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	10	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	15	15	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	20,645	19,920	730	20	20	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	10	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	10	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	15	20	65	10	55	122,295	30,795	91,495	50	0	45
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	10	20	65	10	55	109,185	24,140	85,045	50	0	45
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	20	0	15	42,230	22,590	19,640	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20	0	15	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	405	210	200	530	280	245	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	300	160	135
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	80	45	25	40	25	10	265,025	144,230	120,800	75	35	40
Education	15	0	15	25	10	20	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
13. Education	15	0	15	25	10	20	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	95	45	55	54,840	26,500	28,340	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	95	35	55	48,205	21,870	26,335	0	0	0
Humanities	25	10	15	40	25	10	52,565	20,765	31,805	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	20	15	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	10	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30	10	20	90	35	55	121,985	44,105	77,880	35	10	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20	10	10	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	15	0	10	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	10	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	10	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	0	0	30	0	25	44,580	21,945	22,635	25	10	15
Business, management and public administration	80	25	55	70	35	30	199,525	87,920	111,600	45	40	10
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	80	25	55	70	35	30	190,410	85,600	104,810	45	40	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35	15	15	0	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	10	10	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	10	10	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	35	0	20	20	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	25	0	10	10	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	10	10	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	65	50	20	90	75	15	137,395	112,025	25,370	65	65	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	15	0	10	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	45	35	10	45	45	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	20	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	10	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	15	15	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	15,275	14,660	615	20	20	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	15	20	40	0	40	92,595	23,265	69,330	50	0	45
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	10	20	40	0	40	82,410	18,370	64,045	50	0	45
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	10	0	10	32,910	17,695	15,220	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	0	10	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	405	210	200	530	280	245	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	300	160	135
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	80	45	25	40	25	10	265,025	144,230	120,800	75	35	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	330	155	170	485	250	235	831,975	403,415	428,560	225	130	95
Location of study inside Canada	195	90	105	365	195	170	598,455	286,340	312,115	60	25	35
Same as province or territory of residence	175	80	95	345	185	160	566,540	270,160	296,380	60	25	35
Different than province or territory of residence	20	10	10	20	0	15	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	135	70	65	120	60	65	233,520	117,075	116,445	165	105	60
Americas	20	0	15	10	0	10	41,560	21,015	20,550	0	0	0
United States of America	10	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	40	25	15	105	55	50	74,705	39,515	35,190	10	10	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	90	45	45	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	20	20	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	20	10	10	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	50	25	25	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	100	65	35
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	25	10	10	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	35	20	15
Morocco	20	10	10	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	25	10	15
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	20	10	10
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	10	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	15	15	0
Asia	25	10	10	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	55	25	25
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	55	25	25
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	525	285	240	675	335	340	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	220	150
In the labour force	415	220	195	545	270	275	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	255	160	90
Employed	370	190	180	495	245	250	971,245	502,885	468,360	215	130	85
Unemployed	45	30	15	50	25	25	110,395	58,460	51,935	35	30	10
Not in the labour force	110	70	45	130	65	70	568,495	246,215	322,280	120	60	60
Participation rate	79.0	77.2	81.3	80.7	80.6	80.9	65.5	69.5	61.8	68.9	72.7	60.0
Employment rate	70.5	66.7	75.0	73.3	73.1	73.5	58.9	62.3	55.6	58.1	59.1	56.7
Unemployment rate	10.8	13.6	7.7	9.2	9.3	9.1	10.2	10.4	10.0	13.7	18.8	11.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	530	290	240	675	335	340	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	375	220	150
Did not work¹⁸⁶	95	60	35	145	60	80	582,470	253,075	329,400	150	95	55
Worked	430	225	200	535	270	265	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	220	130	90
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	190	100	85	280	160	120	529,400	287,950	241,450	100	70	35
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	245	125	120	255	110	145	538,265	266,540	271,725	120	60	55
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.3	37.0	39.6	41.2	42.2	40.2	39.7	40.2	39.3	39.2	40.4	37.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	415	220	195	545	270	275	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	250	165	95
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	10	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	405	215	190	535	270	270	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	250	160	95
Employee	355	180	175	450	230	220	907,745	457,830	449,915	215	135	80
Permanent position	315	165	150	375	210	165	741,830	380,445	361,385	165	110	55
Temporary position	45	20	25	80	20	60	165,915	77,385	88,530	50	30	20
Fixed term (1 year or more)	10	0	10	10	0	10	69,690	31,285	38,405	15	0	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	35	20	15	70	15	50	96,225	46,100	50,120	35	25	15
Self-employed¹⁹²	50	35	15	80	35	45	142,380	88,145	54,230	30	20	15
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	415	220	195	545	270	275	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	250	165	95
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	10	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	405	215	190	535	270	270	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	250	160	95
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	10	10	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	60	30	30	110	40	70	207,660	79,975	127,685	15	10	0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	70	50	15	70	55	10	114,775	85,780	28,990	15	10	0
3 Health occupations	35	15	25	40	10	30	85,545	21,700	63,845	40	0	35
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45	15	30	85	35	50	140,500	46,385	94,115	20	0	20
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	30	0	20	90	40	45	61,790	31,615	30,175	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	110	50	65	85	40	45	263,055	135,300	127,750	50	30	20
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	55	45	0	25	25	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	70	70	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	25	15	10	42,380	28,195	14,185	40	30	10
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	415	220	195	545	270	275	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	250	165	95
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	10	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	405	215	190	535	270	270	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	250	160	95
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	10	10	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	20	10	15	10	10	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	25	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	20	20	0	35	25	10	86,535	58,295	28,235	50	40	10
41 Wholesale trade	15	10	0	10	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	15	15	0
44-45 Retail trade	40	15	20	70	30	35	111,555	56,180	55,375	0	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	65	55	10	15	15	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	35	35	0
51 Information and cultural industries	15	10	10	65	30	35	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	30	10	15	15	10	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	30	25	0	105	65	45	130,405	75,750	54,655	0	0	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	10	10	10	0	10	49,530	29,800	19,735	10	0	0
61 Educational services	30	10	20	60	20	40	95,290	34,510	60,780	20	10	10
62 Health care and social assistance	50	20	30	55	10	45	142,545	36,095	106,450	50	0	45
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	15	0	10	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	35	20	15	15	15	0	59,510	32,125	27,380	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	0	15	30	0	25	43,990	17,935	26,050	20	10	10
91 Public administration	10	0	10	15	10	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	450	245	205	555	270	285	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	255	160	100
English	140	75	65	45	25	20	201,310	110,165	91,150	50	40	10
French	120	65	50	235	110	125	416,430	206,170	210,265	125	70	50
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	170	95	70	250	120	130	473,485	249,700	223,785	55	25	30
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	15	15	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	15	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	450	245	205	555	270	285	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	255	160	100
Single responses	400	215	190	495	240	255	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	230	150	85
Official languages	395	215	180	490	235	255	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	225	140	85
English	205	105	105	100	50	50	361,715	194,885	166,835	65	45	20
French	185	105	75	395	185	210	645,885	327,180	318,705	160	95	65
Non-official languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	25	20	55	30	25	126,180	65,940	60,240	25	10	15
English and French	40	25	20	55	30	25	116,535	60,925	55,605	20	0	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	450	245	205	555	270	285	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	255	160	100
None	310	170	140	340	165	180	743,180	381,875	361,305	195	125	70
English	65	40	30	150	70	80	219,885	116,455	103,430	25	15	10
French	65	35	25	55	25	30	149,470	78,495	70,975	20	10	10
Non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	10	0	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	370	190	180	495	245	250	971,245	502,885	468,360	220	130	85
Worked at home	115	60	60	235	130	100	298,820	151,335	147,485	20	0	10
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	30	25	10	20	20	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	45	40	10
Usual place of work	220	105	115	240	90	150	580,035	286,695	293,340	150	85	65
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	220	105	115	240	90	145	580,035	286,695	293,340	150	85	65
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	175	90	85	210	90	120	427,475	202,010	225,465	85	25	60
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20	0	20	0	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	30	20	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20	20	0	30	0	25	58,865	35,690	23,175	35	35	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	255	130	120	265	110	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	200	130	70
Car, truck or van	100	70	30	70	40	30	395,615	229,315	166,300	115	85	35
Car, truck or van - as a driver	100	70	30	70	40	30	365,770	218,475	147,295	115	85	30
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	100	45	55	115	40	75	177,860	74,605	103,260	65	30	35
Walked	50	15	35	15	10	10	61,160	26,300	34,860	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	50	25	25	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	10	0	10	13,090	6,635	6,455	15	15	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	255	130	120	265	110	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	200	130	70
Less than 15 minutes	65	40	25	40	15	20	125,240	61,185	64,055	20	15	10
15 to 29 minutes	50	15	25	90	35	55	241,005	129,590	111,420	45	30	10
30 to 44 minutes	75	25	50	100	45	55	176,925	96,710	80,215	65	45	15
45 to 59 minutes	20	15	0	30	15	20	67,635	33,110	34,530	25	20	0
60 minutes and over	45	30	10	0	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	50	20	30
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	255	130	120	265	110	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	200	130	70
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	20	15	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	10	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	50	30	20	15	10	0	95,270	56,280	38,990	50	35	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	75	40	30	65	10	55	166,695	79,410	87,280	30	20	10
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	65	20	45	60	35	30	149,185	68,865	80,320	25	15	10
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	40	15	20	55	15	45	106,855	50,615	56,240	20	10	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15	10	0	45	30	20	112,350	65,830	46,520	60	40	20
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	80	40	40	100	50	50	371,310	189,920	181,390	190	95	100
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	15	10	10	10	5	109,065	56,315	52,750	40	20	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60	30	35	90	40	50	262,245	133,605	128,640	150	70	80
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	55	25	30	75	35	40	264,905	135,505	129,395	115	55	65
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	10	5	5	0	5	82,880	42,755	40,130	25	15	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	20	10	5	0	0	0	67,535	34,945	32,590	15	15	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	5	5	5	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	40	20	20	70	35	35	182,020	92,755	89,270	95	40	50

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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