Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24663021More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24662813More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	436	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	616	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	158	...	...	976,966	...	...	281	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	155	...	...	910,359	...	...	256	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,730.8	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	11,200.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.25	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.06	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	435	230	210	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	615	280	335
0 to 14 years	65	40	25	309,765	158,545	151,225	165	85	75
0 to 4 years	15	10	5	99,195	50,760	48,435	60	40	25
5 to 9 years	25	10	10	106,985	54,660	52,320	55	25	30
10 to 14 years	25	15	10	103,590	53,120	50,470	50	25	25
15 to 64 years	280	140	135	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	375	170	210
15 to 19 years	25	15	10	97,525	49,340	48,180	45	25	25
20 to 24 years	30	20	10	140,025	70,895	69,125	30	15	10
25 to 29 years	20	10	10	165,525	83,630	81,895	40	15	20
30 to 34 years	10	5	5	157,725	78,995	78,730	50	15	35
35 to 39 years	15	5	15	149,265	74,115	75,155	40	15	20
40 to 44 years	25	10	10	142,365	70,920	71,445	45	20	25
45 to 49 years	30	15	15	125,505	62,690	62,815	30	15	20
50 to 54 years	45	25	20	121,710	61,735	59,975	30	10	20
55 to 59 years	35	15	20	125,465	63,810	61,655	40	25	20
60 to 64 years	35	10	20	118,065	57,920	60,140	30	15	15
65 years and over	95	50	50	351,325	151,210	200,120	75	25	45
65 to 69 years	35	15	20	99,325	46,730	52,595	30	15	15
70 to 74 years	20	15	10	86,030	39,185	46,845	15	5	10
75 to 79 years	15	10	10	63,215	27,320	35,895	20	5	10
80 to 84 years	10	5	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	5	0	5
85 years and over	0	0	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	33,210	12,200	21,010	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	17.4	11.9	15.5	16.1	14.8	26.8	30.4	22.4
15 to 64 years	64.4	60.9	64.3	67.0	68.5	65.6	61.0	60.7	62.7
65 years and over	21.8	21.7	23.8	17.5	15.4	19.6	12.2	8.9	13.4
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	2.4	2.8	1.9	3.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	44.0	42.0	46.2	41.0	39.8	42.1	34.4	31.4	36.8
Median age of the population	47.6	45.2	50.0	39.6	38.4	40.4	32.4	28.4	35.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	155	...	...	910,360	...	...	255	...	...
Single-detached house	150	...	...	100,615	...	...	5	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	110,440	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	479,885	...	...	250	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	155	...	...	910,355	...	...	255	...	...
1 person	20	...	...	367,400	...	...	85	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	271,730	...	...	75	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	118,205	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	98,205	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	54,820	...	...	25	...	...
Number of persons in private households	430	225	205	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	605	275	330
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	370	185	185	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	455	195	255
Married or living common-law	240	120	120	822,440	414,330	408,115	140	70	70
Married	210	105	100	577,060	289,455	287,600	105	55	55
Living common-law	35	15	15	245,385	124,870	120,510	35	20	20
Living common law - Never married	20	10	10	207,040	104,785	102,250	35	15	15
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	5	32,295	16,915	15,380	0	0	0
Living common law - Widowed	5	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	130	65	60	872,060	410,935	461,125	310	120	190
Not married and not living common law - Never married	105	60	45	627,845	333,150	294,700	205	95	110
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	0	34,795	14,820	19,975	20	5	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5	0	0	126,605	46,380	80,225	65	20	50
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	0	15	82,815	16,590	66,225	15	0	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	135	...	...	495,445	...	...	165	...	...
2 persons	60	...	...	251,075	...	...	70	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	107,265	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	93,300	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	43,810	...	...	25	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	135	...	...	495,445	...	...	160	...	...
Total couple families	120	...	...	395,645	...	...	65	...	...
Married couples	100	...	...	273,070	...	...	50	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	162,745	...	...	35	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	110,325	...	...	15	...	...
Common-law couples	15	...	...	122,570	...	...	15	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	44,875	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	77,700	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	15	...	...	99,805	...	...	95	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	10	...	...	80,530	...	...	90	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	430	225	205	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	605	275	330
Total - Persons in census families	400	215	190	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	490	220	275
Married spouses or common-law partners	240	120	120	791,280	398,495	392,785	130	65	65
Parents in one-parent families	15	5	10	99,805	19,275	80,525	95	10	85
Children⁶	150	90	55	541,905	284,935	256,965	265	140	120
In a two-parent family	125	85	45	392,250	205,155	187,095	90	50	45
In a one-parent family	20	10	10	149,655	79,785	69,865	170	95	80
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	30	10	20	526,370	262,915	263,450	115	60	60
Living alone	20	10	10	367,395	175,660	191,740	85	35	45
Living with other relatives⁷	5	0	10	49,280	22,020	27,255	20	15	5
Living with non-relatives only	0	0	0	109,690	65,235	44,455	15	5	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	155	...	...	910,360	...	...	260	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	125	...	...	455,970	...	...	150	...	...
Couple-family households	110	...	...	370,250	...	...	60	...	...
With children⁶	65	...	...	194,165	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	176,085	...	...	20	...	...
One-parent-family households	15	...	...	85,720	...	...	90	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	0	...	...	55,210	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	20	...	...	367,395	...	...	85	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	365	190	180	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	445	190	255
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	355	175	175	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	430	180	250
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,000	36,000	37,600	39,600	36,000	27,600	28,000	26,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	355	180	175	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	430	180	250
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,600	32,400	34,000	35,200	32,800	26,000	26,600	25,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	330	165	165	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	280	130	150
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	43,600	23,400	31,000	35,200	27,000	17,600	24,600	12,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	255	135	120	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	245	120	125
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	40,000	35,600	32,800	36,000	29,600	21,000	25,600	14,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	290	140	150	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	405	165	240
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	8,900	10,800	10,800	9,600	12,000	16,000	12,100	17,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20	10	10	171,705	84,570	87,145	70	35	40
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	3,800	x	x	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,800	4,600	6,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	120	60	55	529,640	276,110	253,530	190	85	105
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	9,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	330	175	155	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	500	210	290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	320	170	155	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	485	200	285
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,800	59,200	54,000	53,250	60,050	46,760	29,700	27,800	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	320	170	155	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	485	200	285
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	47,600	43,000	42,520	46,280	38,960	27,400	24,600	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	290	155	135	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	325	140	185
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400	54,000	50,000	48,960	57,350	40,640	20,900	22,400	19,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	210	120	90	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	290	135	160
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,600	48,000	65,000	48,760	55,650	41,480	21,800	23,200	20,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	275	150	130	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	440	170	270
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	10,400	11,200	12,040	10,900	13,040	17,100	13,700	19,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20	0	0	171,360	84,435	86,925	85	40	50
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,500	...	...	6,840	6,065	7,590	4,000	3,000	4,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95	75	20	528,305	276,300	252,005	225	105	115
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,200	6,200	6,400	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,600	10,800	8,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	330	175	155	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	505	210	290
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	95	65	35	514,340	278,505	235,830	85	45	35
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	78,500	65,000	87,000	60,000	63,600	56,000	32,800	32,400	32,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	86,000	72,000	110,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	32,000	33,000	30,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	75	45	30	504,455	247,565	256,895	135	45	90
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	17,000	18,600	16,400	17,400	15,500	20,800	22,000	13,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,000	33,000	38,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	22,400	24,000	21,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	84.0	84.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	47.6	58.0	41.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.0	58.0	70.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	45.0	56.0	38.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.0	15.2	17.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	52.4	43.0	59.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	x	x	1.4	1.1	1.7	2.4	2.2	2.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.8	5.0	2.3	6.4	5.9	7.0	17.2	22.0	14.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.3	4.4	1.6	5.7	5.4	6.0	15.0	21.0	11.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	365	185	180	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	445	190	255
Without total income	10	10	5	65,020	32,205	32,820	20	10	5
With total income	350	180	175	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	425	175	245
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	15	15	138,250	65,670	72,580	40	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	20	200,450	93,060	107,390	95	35	55
$20,000 to $29,999	60	30	35	286,825	131,235	155,595	95	40	60
$30,000 to $39,999	35	20	20	215,455	102,705	112,755	75	30	45
$40,000 to $49,999	30	15	15	181,505	86,460	95,040	65	30	40
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	15	138,185	64,805	73,380	30	20	15
$60,000 to $69,999	20	15	10	100,060	48,510	51,550	15	5	10
$70,000 to $79,999	20	15	10	74,165	37,625	36,540	10	0	5
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	5	58,400	30,060	28,335	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	42,240	22,360	19,875	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	55	35	20	149,555	92,680	56,875	0	0	0
$100,000 to $149,999	40	25	15	90,980	53,275	37,705	0	0	0
$150,000 and over	20	15	10	58,575	39,405	19,170	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	365	185	180	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	445	190	255
Without after-tax income	15	5	5	64,605	32,005	32,605	20	10	5
With after-tax income	355	180	175	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	425	175	245
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	15	15	144,275	67,955	76,320	40	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	50	25	20	210,975	98,495	112,480	95	40	55
$20,000 to $29,999	60	20	35	334,395	155,845	178,545	105	45	65
$30,000 to $39,999	50	20	25	257,145	124,835	132,315	85	35	55
$40,000 to $49,999	35	15	20	204,980	97,805	107,175	60	30	25
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	15	139,760	67,315	72,450	15	5	10
$60,000 to $69,999	30	20	10	93,705	46,700	47,005	10	0	5
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	61,765	31,815	29,945	5	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	5	38,975	21,640	17,335	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	30	20	15	73,695	48,025	25,665	0	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	10	33,165	20,265	12,905	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	15	10	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	365	185	180	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	445	190	255
Without employment income	115	50	60	495,060	212,405	282,660	195	70	130
With employment income	250	130	115	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	250	120	125
Under $5,000 (including loss)	30	20	15	167,560	82,405	85,155	45	20	30
$5,000 to $9,999	15	5	10	111,575	52,975	58,595	40	20	20
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	25	151,350	72,815	78,530	40	15	25
$20,000 to $29,999	20	10	10	116,030	56,295	59,730	40	20	15
$30,000 to $39,999	15	10	0	108,120	55,225	52,890	40	20	20
$40,000 to $49,999	20	5	10	104,250	51,950	52,300	25	15	5
$50,000 to $59,999	20	5	10	84,485	42,940	41,540	15	10	5
$60,000 to $69,999	15	15	5	66,190	35,045	31,145	0	0	0
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	52,585	28,500	24,080	0	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	10	46,000	24,150	21,850	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	40	25	20	115,575	74,545	41,030	0	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	5	47,525	28,870	18,655	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	25	15	15	68,050	45,675	22,375	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	365	190	180	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	445	190	255
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	335	170	165	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	420	175	240
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	51,600	34,400	34,000	36,400	31,800	22,800	25,000	21,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	335	170	165	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	420	175	240
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	43,200	31,200	31,000	32,800	29,400	22,200	23,800	21,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	310	155	150	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	275	135	140
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	49,600	28,600	32,000	36,000	28,200	21,000	26,600	17,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	245	130	115	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	245	125	125
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	42,000	37,600	33,600	36,800	30,400	23,200	27,200	18,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	245	120	130	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	385	155	225
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	3,200	7,100	4,440	2,760	7,300	11,000	4,400	15,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	20	10	10	114,940	56,080	58,855	60	30	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	4,160	3,800	4,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	330	175	155	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	500	210	290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	320	170	155	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	465	195	275
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	49,600	49,000	50,000	57,050	43,280	25,400	24,400	26,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	320	170	155	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	465	195	275
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	39,200	39,000	39,800	43,800	35,920	23,800	22,200	25,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	290	155	135	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	310	150	160
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	47,000	49,000	49,080	57,750	40,560	22,400	24,400	20,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	200	115	85	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	285	135	155
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,800	46,000	67,000	48,720	55,750	41,240	23,800	26,400	21,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	230	120	110	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	415	170	250
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900	7,700	10,000	8,250	6,740	9,510	11,880	6,550	15,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15	0	0	114,595	55,675	58,915	55	20	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,000	...	...	7,510	5,990	8,940	6,200	7,600	5,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	330	175	155	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	505	210	290
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	95	65	35	507,645	274,575	233,070	85	45	35
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	73,000	62,000	81,000	54,400	58,400	50,400	29,400	30,200	27,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,000	62,000	95,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	29,200	32,000	26,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	65	40	25	462,020	227,495	234,530	135	50	85
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,200	18,200	x	21,800	23,200	20,400	23,600	30,600	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	44,000	39,000	56,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	24,400	29,000	21,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.0	88.0	84.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	59.0	76.0	46.0
Employment income (%)	70.0	66.0	74.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	57.0	76.0	46.0
Government transfers (%)	13.2	11.2	15.2	12.8	8.6	18.2	41.6	23.2	54.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	x	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	2.8	3.2	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	155	...	...	910,355	...	...	255	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	44,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	20	...	...	367,395	...	...	85	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	38,000	...	...	23,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	34,000	...	...	23,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	130	...	...	542,960	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	60,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	57,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	54,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	74,100	...	...	50,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15	...	...	367,255	...	...	85	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	26,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	22,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	130	...	...	543,100	...	...	185	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	66,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	62,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	155	...	...	910,355	...	...	255	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	17,665	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	25,730	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	57,720	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	41,160	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	40,595	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	41,545	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	42,630	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	40,980	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	75,485	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5	...	...	67,695	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	60,495	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	54,055	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	45,830	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	85	...	...	270,265	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	85,635	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	56,205	...	...	5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	62,095	...	...	0	...	...
$200,000 and over	25	...	...	66,335	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	155	...	...	910,355	...	...	255	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	17,965	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	27,485	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	63,030	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	49,660	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	48,815	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	51,055	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	50,890	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	47,120	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	85,490	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	75,625	...	...	30	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	65,530	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5	...	...	54,850	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	45,065	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	70	...	...	197,490	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	78,870	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	45,905	...	...	0	...	...
$150,000 and over	30	...	...	72,715	...	...	0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	135	...	...	501,830	...	...	165	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	59,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	57,600	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	179,195	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	70	...	...	208,260	...	...	50	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	95,875	...	...	95	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	65,500	...	...	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	59,600	...	...	44,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.2	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	25	10	10	477,085	240,895	236,195	100	45	55
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,800	x	x	34,400	34,800	34,000	23,400	25,800	22,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	x	x	31,200	31,200	31,200	23,000	23,200	22,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	125	...	...	501,905	...	...	180	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	61,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	179,455	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	55	...	...	208,375	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	170,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	95,455	...	...	95	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	57,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	54,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20	15	0	476,520	240,280	236,245	95	40	50
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000	45,000	...	45,520	46,520	44,560	26,800	29,000	25,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	36,000	...	37,600	37,920	37,280	24,000	24,000	24,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	435	225	205	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	610	275	335
0 to 17 years	80	45	35	365,020	186,710	178,315	190	100	90
0 to 5 years	15	10	5	120,615	61,615	58,995	65	40	25
18 to 64 years	260	135	125	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	350	150	195
65 years and over	90	45	50	317,425	140,270	177,155	75	25	45
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	30	10	20	321,885	154,370	167,510	190	80	110
0 to 17 years	5	5	5	54,265	27,870	26,395	65	35	35
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	25	10	15
18 to 64 years	20	5	10	197,020	99,310	97,710	100	40	60
65 years and over	5	0	5	70,600	27,185	43,415	30	10	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.4	4.0	9.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	31.6	29.6	33.5
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	x	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	35.0	34.0	36.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	34.0	32.0	40.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	5.0	9.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	28.4	24.0	31.0
65 years and over (%)	4.0	x	8.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	38.0	40.0	36.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	430	225	205	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	605	275	330
0 to 17 years	80	45	35	365,025	186,705	178,315	190	100	90
0 to 5 years	15	15	5	120,610	61,615	58,995	65	40	30
18 to 64 years	255	130	130	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	345	155	195
65 years and over	95	50	45	317,425	140,265	177,155	70	25	50
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	15	5	5	213,720	108,905	104,815	120	50	70
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	30	20	15
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	10	5	5	153,385	81,765	71,620	70	25	40
65 years and over	0	0	0	30,745	11,975	18,775	20	5	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	2.0	4.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	19.6	18.5	20.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	17.0	20.0	14.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	14.0	12.0	20.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	3.0	5.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	19.5	17.0	21.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	28.0	25.0	28.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	430	225	210	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	610	275	330
In bottom half of the distribution	155	85	75	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	570	255	315
In bottom decile	30	10	15	298,540	147,890	150,655	160	60	100
In second decile	30	20	10	244,435	115,985	128,450	145	65	80
In third decile	15	5	10	240,895	116,550	124,345	115	50	65
In fourth decile	25	10	15	218,125	105,885	112,240	75	40	35
In fifth decile	55	30	25	194,765	95,185	99,580	70	35	30
In top half of the distribution	275	140	130	762,590	384,140	378,450	40	20	20
In sixth decile	60	35	25	172,200	85,100	87,095	25	15	10
In seventh decile	55	30	25	156,540	78,290	78,250	0	0	0
In eighth decile	60	30	30	144,120	72,600	71,525	0	0	0
In ninth decile	30	15	15	134,265	68,285	65,980	0	0	0
In top decile	65	40	30	155,465	79,870	75,595	0	0	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	430	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	605	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.362	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.238	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.440	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.558	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.299	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.212	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	430	225	205	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	605	275	335
English only	60	30	30	262,290	133,690	128,600	15	10	5
French only	40	20	20	486,845	221,005	265,840	390	165	220
English and French	320	165	150	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	200	100	100
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	10	5	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	430	225	205	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	605	275	335
English	210	115	100	605,220	303,380	301,835	45	20	25
French	175	85	90	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	530	235	295
English and French	45	25	15	173,785	88,480	85,300	25	15	10
Neither English nor French	5	5	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	10	5	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	430	225	205	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	605	275	335
Single responses	410	215	200	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	565	250	310
Official languages	275	140	135	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	370	175	200
English	130	70	60	322,315	162,085	160,230	25	15	10
French	140	65	70	870,975	428,435	442,540	345	160	185
Non-official languages	140	75	65	643,275	311,525	331,750	190	80	115
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	140	75	65	642,820	311,370	331,445	190	80	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	5	129,195	68,395	60,805	35	20	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	5	5	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	15	10	112,200	59,320	52,880	35	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	20	15	10	107,605	56,960	50,645	35	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	105	40	65
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	65	25	40
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	35	10	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	90	50	40	329,415	158,980	170,435	45	20	30
Albanian	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	5	37,235	16,405	20,835	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	5	36,800	16,245	20,555	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	15	5	5	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	5	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	68,600	36,145	32,455	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	48,035	25,870	22,165	5	5	0
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	5	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	5	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	20	20	183,755	87,295	96,460	40	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5	63,560	29,680	33,880	5	0	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	5	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	15	5	10	85,395	41,150	44,250	30	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	5	10	57,075	26,030	31,035	0	0	0
Chinese languages	20	5	10	56,890	25,955	30,935	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	5	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	10	10	143,450	71,980	71,470	45	20	20
English and French	10	5	5	42,695	21,750	20,940	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	5	32,265	15,955	16,310	5	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	47,185	23,615	23,570	35	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	430	225	205	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	605	275	335
English	145	80	70	340,470	170,050	170,425	20	15	10
French	115	55	60	779,125	383,000	396,125	335	155	180
Non-official language	25	10	15	204,395	96,705	107,690	55	20	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15	204,315	96,670	107,645	55	20	35
English and French	45	25	25	173,135	89,205	83,935	30	15	20
English and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	135,390	66,995	68,400	10	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	180,900	85,935	94,965	140	60	70
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	154,470	76,450	78,020	20	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	430	225	205	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	605	275	335
Single responses	405	210	195	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	570	260	310
Official languages	335	170	165	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	475	220	255
English	195	100	95	479,850	239,270	240,580	35	15	15
French	135	65	70	956,130	471,155	484,975	445	200	240
Non-official languages	75	45	30	370,290	177,955	192,335	95	40	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	75	45	30	370,125	177,895	192,235	95	40	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	66,095	34,080	32,015	15	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	5	58,585	30,100	28,490	15	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	5	56,520	29,075	27,445	15	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	45	15	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	30	10	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	10	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	35	25	188,550	90,370	98,185	35	15	20
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	5	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	5	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	15	10	5	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	50,680	26,200	24,485	10	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	35,595	18,850	16,750	10	10	0
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	10	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	95,835	44,515	51,315	25	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	5	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	54,335	26,035	28,300	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	43,570	20,275	23,295	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	5	5	43,475	20,230	23,240	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	15	10	173,745	85,640	88,110	35	15	20
English and French	15	5	5	53,305	27,065	26,240	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	39,365	19,140	20,225	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	57,355	27,790	29,565	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	430	225	205	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	605	275	330
None	310	155	150	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	450	200	245
English	30	15	10	131,630	67,290	64,340	30	10	15
French	35	20	10	126,780	62,180	64,600	40	15	25
Non-official language	25	15	15	144,335	69,210	75,130	80	35	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	15	15	144,155	69,135	75,015	80	35	40
English and French	10	5	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	38,875	19,700	19,180	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	410	220	190	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	680	320	360
Official languages	390	220	175	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	655	310	345
English	335	185	150	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	230	125	105
French	360	195	165	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	650	305	340
Non-official languages	175	95	80	971,455	471,755	499,700	375	170	205
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	95	80	970,710	471,495	499,220	375	170	205
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	15	217,295	113,605	103,690	75	40	35
Berber languages	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	25	15	205,120	107,210	97,905	75	40	35
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	30	20	10	188,115	98,545	89,565	75	40	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	195	85	110
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	160	65	95
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	65	35	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	135	80	55	514,485	250,190	264,295	105	50	60
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	20	15	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	20	15	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	15	15	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	10	10	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	10	10	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	45	30	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	45	30	15
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	45	30	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	45	35	324,695	154,360	170,340	65	20	45
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	20	107,285	51,300	55,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	50	30	20	193,835	91,345	102,490	60	20	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	410	220	185	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	680	320	360
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	30	20	10	16,675	7,720	8,955	30	15	20
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	30	15	20
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	30	15	20
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	20	10	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	385	200	185	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	650	310	340
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	410	220	185	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	680	320	360
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	410	220	185	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	680	320	360
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
Owner	135	...	...	360,125	...	...	0	...	...
Renter	10	...	...	550,240	...	...	260	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	192,985	...	...	30	...	...
Not condominium	145	...	...	717,375	...	...	235	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	267,715	...	...	50	...	...
2 bedrooms	10	...	...	303,875	...	...	150	...	...
3 bedrooms	55	...	...	220,945	...	...	65	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	75	...	...	98,090	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10	...	...	501,570	...	...	185	...	...
5 rooms	0	...	...	166,230	...	...	65	...	...
6 rooms	15	...	...	78,495	...	...	10	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	58,850	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	100	...	...	105,210	...	...	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	8.1	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
One person or fewer per room	145	...	...	881,730	...	...	240	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
Suitable	145	...	...	834,885	...	...	210	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	75,475	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
1960 or before	10	...	...	325,005	...	...	80	...	...
1961 to 1980	95	...	...	282,605	...	...	145	...	...
1981 to 1990	25	...	...	101,185	...	...	20	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	63,765	...	...	15	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	140	...	...	833,540	...	...	220	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...	76,815	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
One-maintainer household	50	...	...	543,605	...	...	195	...	...
Two-maintainer household	90	...	...	333,140	...	...	45	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	33,620	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	15	...	...
25 to 34 years	0	...	...	162,375	...	...	25	...	...
35 to 44 years	20	...	...	171,535	...	...	60	...	...
45 to 54 years	45	...	...	155,520	...	...	50	...	...
55 to 64 years	30	...	...	156,865	...	...	75	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	122,825	...	...	20	...	...
75 to 84 years	25	...	...	70,345	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	145	...	...	902,485	...	...	265	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	120	...	...	686,075	...	...	235	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	25	...	...	216,410	...	...	25	...	...
30% to less than 100%	25	...	...	189,795	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	330,635	...	...	120	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	25	...	...	186,350	...	...	30	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	56,480	...	...	40	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	50,745	...	...	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	115	...	...	579,720	...	...	150	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	145	...	...	875,865	...	...	265	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	87,945	...	...	40	...	...
Not in core need	140	...	...	787,925	...	...	225	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	130	...	...	360,120	...	...	0	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.8	...	...	60.0	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.5	...	...	17.4	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340	...	...	1,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,572	...	...	...	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	540,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15	...	...	550,235	...	...	260	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	51.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	28.4	...	...	11.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	14.6	...	...	15.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	890	...	...	665	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,400	...	...	987	...	...	624	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	410	220	190	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	680	320	355
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	25	15	10	30,345	13,805	16,540	15	15	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	25	15	10	30,095	13,720	16,370	15	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	390	205	180	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	660	305	355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	410	225	190	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	675	325	355
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	385	210	175	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	625	300	325
Canadian citizens aged under 18	85	50	35	322,965	164,980	157,985	205	125	80
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	295	160	140	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	420	175	245
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	25	10	10	313,410	160,530	152,885	55	20	35
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	410	225	190	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	675	325	355
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	290	160	135	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	430	215	215
Immigrants⁸¹	120	60	60	652,730	313,955	338,770	240	105	130
Before 1980	30	15	15	108,265	50,530	57,735	20	0	10
1980 to 1990	25	20	0	69,695	34,150	35,545	25	10	15
1991 to 2000	20	10	15	106,810	50,520	56,290	75	35	40
2001 to 2010	15	10	10	154,780	74,520	80,255	35	15	15
2011 to 2021⁸²	25	10	15	213,175	104,225	108,950	85	40	45
2011 to 2015	25	10	15	99,070	48,005	51,065	65	25	40
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	20	15	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	138,240	75,380	62,860	10	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	120	60	55	652,725	313,955	338,770	235	105	130
Under 5 years	10	10	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	30	30	0
5 to 14 years	10	0	0	103,285	51,965	51,320	65	30	30
15 to 24 years	15	10	10	118,475	53,035	65,440	60	20	45
25 to 44 years	65	35	30	326,320	158,620	167,700	75	30	45
45 years and over	25	10	15	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	120	60	55	652,725	313,955	338,770	235	105	130
Americas	35	15	20	137,955	63,465	74,485	140	55	85
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	105	40	65
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	20	10	10
Europe	45	25	20	158,795	76,610	82,190	10	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	15	15	0	152,205	77,515	74,690	70	35	35
Algeria	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	25	10	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	15	15	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	40	30	15
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	20	10	10	202,715	95,775	106,935	20	10	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	20	10	10
Americas	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	20	10	10
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	15	10	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	410	220	190	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	680	320	360
First generation¹⁰⁰	120	65	55	813,905	400,325	413,580	255	115	145
Second generation¹⁰¹	105	65	40	424,225	212,755	211,475	220	125	100
Third generation or more¹⁰²	190	90	95	721,230	352,590	368,630	200	85	115
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	85	50	40	544,455	263,425	281,040	220	100	120
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	25	20	10	303,105	155,090	148,020	60	40	20
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	20	10	0	151,015	87,200	63,815	10	10	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10	0	0	152,090	67,890	84,205	50	30	20
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	40	15	20	146,645	59,645	87,000	115	50	65
Refugees¹⁰⁸	25	10	15	85,165	44,145	41,025	40	0	35
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	85	50	40	544,455	263,425	281,040	220	100	120
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	25	15	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	20	0	0	56,685	26,490	30,195	0	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	60	35	25	387,815	184,015	203,795	195	90	110
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	410	220	190	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	680	320	360
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	55	25	35	737,510	363,785	373,725	445	230	220
South Asian	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	45	30	15
Chinese	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	0	0	0	208,805	101,125	107,680	270	130	135
Filipino	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	10	0	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	85	50	35
Latin American	10	0	10	82,550	40,580	41,970	45	15	30
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	355	200	155	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	235	90	135
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	410	220	190	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	675	320	355
Canadian	55	15	35	241,015	115,880	125,135	85	25	60
English	70	45	30	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	30	15	20	102,325	48,885	53,440	30	10	10
Scottish	45	30	10	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	110	65	40	336,880	169,710	167,170	70	50	20
German	0	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	55	30	25	156,025	76,485	79,535	0	0	0
Indian (India)	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	0	15	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	45	20	30	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	45	30	10	108,910	54,650	54,260	50	25	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	20	0	20
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	25	20	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	50	25	15	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	20	15	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	20	15	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	20	0	20
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	10	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	20	15	10	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	30	10	15
Greek	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	20	15	15	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	30	15	15	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	20	0	15	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	255	125	125
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	25	10	20	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	55	40	15
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	15	0	10
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	20	0	20
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	410	220	185	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	680	320	360
Buddhist	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	295	150	150	969,945	451,410	518,540	450	195	250
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	15	10	0	116,635	55,545	61,090	55	20	35
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	25	15	10
Catholic	235	115	120	675,695	314,690	361,010	245	90	155
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	25	0	20	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	90	60	35
Hindu	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	30	20	10	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	233,440	121,145	112,290	130	80	45
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	60	40	25	590,140	310,985	279,165	100	45	60
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	405	215	190	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	655	300	350
Non-movers	405	215	190	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	600	275	315
Movers	0	0	0	255,365	129,500	125,865	55	25	30
Non-migrants	0	0	0	186,805	94,745	92,055	50	25	25
Migrants	0	0	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	10	0	10
Internal migrants	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	10	0	10
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	10	0	10
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	395	210	185	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	610	280	330
Non-movers	330	175	155	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	405	205	200
Movers	65	40	30	821,475	413,250	408,230	205	75	130
Non-migrants	55	35	25	433,700	216,030	217,670	165	55	115
Migrants	10	0	0	387,770	197,215	190,560	35	20	15
Internal migrants	10	0	0	190,035	93,955	96,075	15	10	10
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	159,710	78,770	80,940	15	10	10
Interprovincial migrants	10	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	197,735	103,260	94,485	20	10	10
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	330	175	155	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	500	210	290
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10	0	10	274,820	136,500	138,320	210	80	130
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	315	170	140	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	290	135	160
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	195	95	95	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	335	140	200
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	0	0	0	121,295	65,950	55,345	125	40	80
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	195	95	95	975,700	481,690	494,005	210	100	120
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	325	175	155	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	505	215	290
No certificate, diploma or degree	15	0	10	247,460	120,840	126,625	205	75	130
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	75	35	35	319,755	162,520	157,240	145	70	75
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	240	130	105	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	160	70	90
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	115	70	50	473,060	232,855	240,210	140	60	80
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	40	30	15	146,170	81,740	64,425	85	40	55
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	25	15	106,110	54,025	52,085	55	20	40
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	30	15	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	75	35	35	260,845	122,345	138,495	50	25	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	66,045	28,760	37,285	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	125	65	60	609,855	291,355	318,505	15	10	10
Bachelor's degree	80	40	45	344,605	160,320	184,285	10	0	0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	0	58,945	27,280	31,665	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	25	15	0	159,510	78,325	81,190	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	190	100	95	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	335	140	195
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	115	40	75
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	45	25	20	162,205	88,420	73,785	85	45	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	150	80	75	831,975	403,420	428,555	135	60	80
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	60	45	15	333,160	167,260	165,895	125	55	65
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	20	0	110,390	60,690	49,700	85	30	50
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	15	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	55	15	35
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	30	20	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	35	20	15	174,185	84,745	89,445	40	20	15
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	85	35	55	498,815	236,155	262,665	15	0	10
Bachelor's degree	60	25	40	276,640	128,890	147,745	0	0	0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	20	10	10	137,150	66,720	70,430	10	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	325	175	150	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	505	215	290
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	90	40	45	567,220	283,355	283,860	345	145	200
Education	10	10	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
13. Education	10	10	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	69,210	32,705	36,505	15	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	0	0	0
Humanities	10	0	10	78,920	30,815	48,110	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	10	25	157,220	58,185	99,040	15	0	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	10	0	59,300	29,185	30,110	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	70	20	50	248,895	110,950	137,945	25	10	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	70	20	50	237,125	108,040	129,090	20	10	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	25	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	10	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	15	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50	50	0	173,380	143,615	29,765	30	30	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	15	0	15	122,295	30,795	91,495	55	10	40
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	0	15	109,185	24,140	85,045	55	10	40
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	195	100	95	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	335	140	195
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	40	20	20	265,025	144,230	120,800	200	80	120
Education	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
13. Education	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	0	0	0
Humanities	10	0	10	52,565	20,765	31,805	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	10	20	121,985	44,105	77,880	15	10	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	44,580	21,945	22,635	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	55	20	30	199,525	87,920	111,600	25	10	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	55	20	30	190,410	85,600	104,810	25	10	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	25	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	30	30	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	0	0	0	92,595	23,265	69,330	45	10	35
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	82,410	18,370	64,045	45	10	35
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	195	100	95	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	335	140	195
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40	20	20	265,025	144,230	120,800	200	80	120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	150	75	70	831,975	403,415	428,560	135	60	75
Location of study inside Canada	125	60	60	598,455	286,340	312,115	125	50	70
Same as province or territory of residence	110	50	60	566,540	270,160	296,380	125	50	70
Different than province or territory of residence	10	10	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	30	15	10	233,520	117,075	116,445	15	10	0
Americas	10	0	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	10	10	0	74,705	39,515	35,190	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	10	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	325	175	155	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	505	215	290
In the labour force	180	100	75	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	250	110	145
Employed	150	85	65	971,245	502,885	468,360	200	85	110
Unemployed	30	15	10	110,395	58,460	51,935	55	20	30
Not in the labour force	145	70	75	568,495	246,215	322,280	250	105	145
Participation rate	55.4	57.1	48.4	65.5	69.5	61.8	49.5	51.2	50.0
Employment rate	46.2	48.6	41.9	58.9	62.3	55.6	39.6	39.5	37.9
Unemployment rate	16.7	15.0	13.3	10.2	10.4	10.0	22.0	18.2	20.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	325	175	150	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	505	215	290
Did not work¹⁸⁶	145	60	85	582,470	253,075	329,400	280	115	165
Worked	180	115	65	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	225	95	130
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	100	60	40	529,400	287,950	241,450	80	45	40
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	85	50	30	538,265	266,540	271,725	145	55	90
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.8	42.4	43.0	39.7	40.2	39.3	36.8	37.6	36.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	180	105	80	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	255	110	145
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	25	10	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	180	105	70	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	225	100	130
Employee	140	85	60	907,745	457,830	449,915	210	90	125
Permanent position	120	65	55	741,830	380,445	361,385	175	75	100
Temporary position	20	15	0	165,915	77,385	88,530	40	10	25
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	15	0	15
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15	15	0	96,225	46,100	50,120	20	10	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	35	25	15	142,380	88,145	54,230	15	10	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	180	105	80	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	255	110	145
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	25	10	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	180	105	70	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	225	100	130
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	40	15	25	207,660	79,975	127,685	20	0	10
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	25	25	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	0	0	0
3 Health occupations	10	0	10	85,545	21,700	63,845	35	0	30
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10	10	0	140,500	46,385	94,115	20	10	15
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	15	10	0
6 Sales and service occupations	55	30	30	263,055	135,300	127,750	80	30	50
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	30	30	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	20	20	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	40	20	20
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	180	105	80	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	255	110	145
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	25	10	10
All industries¹⁹¹	180	105	70	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	225	100	130
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	10	0	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	10	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	20	20	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	45	30	20
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	10	42,365	25,230	17,140	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	25	15	10	111,555	56,180	55,375	40	20	20
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10	10	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15	10	10	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	30	10	15	130,405	75,750	54,655	0	0	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	15	10	10
61 Educational services	0	0	0	95,290	34,510	60,780	15	0	10
62 Health care and social assistance	0	0	0	142,545	36,095	106,450	55	0	50
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	59,510	32,125	27,380	15	0	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	15	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	10	0	0
91 Public administration	0	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	185	115	70	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	255	105	155
English	40	25	15	201,310	110,165	91,150	0	0	0
French	40	25	15	416,430	206,170	210,265	220	85	140
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	80	50	35	473,485	249,700	223,785	30	20	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	185	115	70	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	255	105	155
Single responses	180	105	70	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	250	95	150
Official languages	175	100	70	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	250	95	150
English	110	70	40	361,715	194,885	166,835	0	0	0
French	65	30	35	645,885	327,180	318,705	250	95	150
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	10	0	126,180	65,940	60,240	0	0	0
English and French	10	10	0	116,535	60,925	55,605	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	185	115	70	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	255	105	155
None	95	60	30	743,180	381,875	361,305	230	90	145
English	25	10	15	219,885	116,455	103,430	25	15	10
French	55	30	15	149,470	78,495	70,975	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	150	85	65	971,245	502,885	468,360	200	85	110
Worked at home	55	25	35	298,820	151,335	147,485	20	10	10
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	10	0	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	25	20	10
Usual place of work	85	60	30	580,035	286,695	293,340	155	60	95
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	85	60	25	580,035	286,695	293,340	155	60	95
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	40	20	20	427,475	202,010	225,465	130	40	90
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	35	30	10	91,735	47,670	44,070	15	15	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10	10	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	10	0	10
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	90	60	30	669,150	349,485	319,665	180	75	105
Car, truck or van	75	55	20	395,615	229,315	166,300	100	55	40
Car, truck or van - as a driver	75	55	20	365,770	218,475	147,295	95	55	40
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	10	0	10	177,860	74,605	103,260	65	20	45
Walked	0	0	0	61,160	26,300	34,860	10	0	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	90	60	30	669,150	349,485	319,665	180	75	105
Less than 15 minutes	10	10	0	125,240	61,185	64,055	30	10	20
15 to 29 minutes	50	35	15	241,005	129,590	111,420	65	35	30
30 to 44 minutes	20	20	0	176,925	96,710	80,215	30	0	25
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	0	67,635	33,110	34,530	20	0	15
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	35	15	20
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	90	60	30	669,150	349,485	319,665	180	75	105
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	10	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	10	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10	10	0	95,270	56,280	38,990	50	15	30
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20	20	0	166,695	79,410	87,280	25	10	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	20	20	0	149,185	68,865	80,320	15	10	10
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	15	0	15	106,855	50,615	56,240	20	0	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15	0	10	112,350	65,830	46,520	60	30	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	80	50	35	371,310	189,920	181,390	190	100	90
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35	25	15	109,065	56,315	52,750	30	15	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	50	30	20	262,245	133,605	128,640	160	85	75
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	65	40	30	264,905	135,505	129,395	130	65	65
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	15	10	82,880	42,755	40,130	20	10	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	20	10	10	67,535	34,945	32,590	20	10	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	40	20	15	182,020	92,755	89,270	110	55	50

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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