Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24663020More information: Quebec [Dissemination area]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,980	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	955	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	912	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,611.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.55	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,980	880	1,100
0 to 14 years	350	170	180
0 to 4 years	115	60	55
5 to 9 years	125	60	60
10 to 14 years	115	45	70
15 to 64 years	1,220	560	665
15 to 19 years	95	50	50
20 to 24 years	100	40	60
25 to 29 years	100	45	55
30 to 34 years	145	65	85
35 to 39 years	145	65	85
40 to 44 years	140	65	70
45 to 49 years	135	70	65
50 to 54 years	130	55	75
55 to 59 years	125	55	65
60 to 64 years	110	50	65
65 years and over	410	155	250
65 to 69 years	100	35	65
70 to 74 years	115	45	70
75 to 79 years	95	40	55
80 to 84 years	60	20	35
85 years and over	35	15	25
85 to 89 years	25	15	15
90 to 94 years	10	0	10
95 to 99 years	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.7	19.3	16.4
15 to 64 years	61.6	63.6	60.5
65 years and over	20.7	17.6	22.7
85 years and over	1.8	1.7	2.3
Average age of the population	42.0	40.5	43.2
Median age of the population	42.0	41.2	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	910	...	...
Single-detached house	140	...	...
Semi-detached house	45	...	...
Row house	50	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	575	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	105	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	910	...	...
1 person	385	...	...
2 persons	255	...	...
3 persons	115	...	...
4 persons	100	...	...
5 or more persons	60	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,975	875	1,095
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,630	710	915
Married or living common-law	850	420	430
Married	710	350	355
Living common-law	140	70	70
Living common law - Never married	105	55	55
Living common law - Separated	5	5	5
Living common law - Divorced	25	15	10
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	780	295	485
Not married and not living common law - Never married	465	205	260
Not married and not living common law - Separated	45	25	25
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	170	50	125
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	95	15	85
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	515	...	...
2 persons	255	...	...
3 persons	120	...	...
4 persons	95	...	...
5 or more persons	50	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	515	...	...
Total couple families	410	...	...
Married couples	345	...	...
With children⁶	205	...	...
Without children	140	...	...
Common-law couples	70	...	...
With children⁶	30	...	...
Without children	40	...	...
Total one-parent families	105	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	85	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	20	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,975	875	1,095
Total - Persons in census families	1,500	720	785
Married spouses or common-law partners	825	410	415
Parents in one-parent families	105	20	85
Children⁶	575	290	285
In a two-parent family	435	220	215
In a one-parent family	145	70	75
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	470	155	315
Living alone	385	120	265
Living with other relatives⁷	50	20	30
Living with non-relatives only	40	25	20
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	915	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	460	...	...
Couple-family households	365	...	...
With children⁶	200	...	...
Without children	165	...	...
One-parent-family households	95	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	30	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	15	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	25	...	...
One-person households	385	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,625	710	915
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,560	675	885
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	41,200	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,560	675	885
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	36,400	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,375	605	770
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	35,600	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,105	510	595
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,600	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,320	530	790
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,900	10,700	14,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	175	75	100
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,720	5,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	515	235	280
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,605	680	925
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,535	650	880
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	53,000	41,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,535	650	880
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,880	43,200	35,700
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,340	585	755
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,760	49,800	35,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,115	515	600
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,900	53,000	36,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,250	460	790
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,940	11,400	12,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	145	55	95
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,700	5,400	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	445	195	250
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,720	9,200	8,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,605	680	925
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	540	270	265
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	68,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,800	80,000	57,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	390	180	210
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	14,400	23,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,700	25,800	25,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.0	85.0	73.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.2	79.0	59.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.0	15.1	26.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	5.7	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.4	5.1	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,625	710	915
Without total income	70	35	30
With total income	1,560	670	885
Under $10,000 (including loss)	140	55	85
$10,000 to $19,999	165	70	95
$20,000 to $29,999	270	110	165
$30,000 to $39,999	230	95	140
$40,000 to $49,999	220	90	135
$50,000 to $59,999	140	60	80
$60,000 to $69,999	100	55	45
$70,000 to $79,999	80	35	45
$80,000 to $89,999	50	20	25
$90,000 to $99,999	35	20	20
$100,000 and over	115	70	50
$100,000 to $149,999	90	50	40
$150,000 and over	25	15	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,625	710	915
Without after-tax income	70	35	30
With after-tax income	1,560	670	885
Under $10,000 (including loss)	140	55	85
$10,000 to $19,999	180	75	105
$20,000 to $29,999	330	135	200
$30,000 to $39,999	285	115	165
$40,000 to $49,999	220	100	120
$50,000 to $59,999	155	75	85
$60,000 to $69,999	80	40	40
$70,000 to $79,999	50	15	30
$80,000 to $89,999	45	25	20
$90,000 to $99,999	25	15	10
$100,000 and over	40	30	15
$100,000 to $124,999	25	15	10
$125,000 and over	15	10	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,625	710	915
Without employment income	525	205	320
With employment income	1,105	510	590
Under $5,000 (including loss)	170	70	105
$5,000 to $9,999	85	30	55
$10,000 to $19,999	135	60	80
$20,000 to $29,999	120	55	65
$30,000 to $39,999	115	50	65
$40,000 to $49,999	100	45	60
$50,000 to $59,999	90	40	50
$60,000 to $69,999	75	45	30
$70,000 to $79,999	50	20	25
$80,000 to $89,999	40	20	20
$90,000 to $99,999	30	15	15
$100,000 and over	95	60	35
$100,000 to $124,999	50	30	20
$125,000 and over	50	30	20
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,625	710	915
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,515	655	865
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,400	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,515	655	865
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	34,000	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355	605	755
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,600	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,105	515	590
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,000	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,210	480	725
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200	3,480	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	125	65	60
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040	5,400	6,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,605	680	925
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,495	625	870
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,480	51,400	39,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,495	625	870
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,880	41,200	33,700
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,325	570	760
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,800	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,125	510	610
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,300	53,000	37,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,185	445	735
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,640	7,120	9,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	105	60	55
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,500	4,400	8,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,605	680	925
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	545	270	280
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,800	62,400	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,400	77,000	52,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	360	160	200
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	20,200	27,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,400	30,400	30,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.6	90.0	79.6
Employment income (%)	74.8	84.0	66.0
Government transfers (%)	15.4	9.9	20.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	910	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	385	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	530	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	915	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	415	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	495	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	910	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	60	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	40	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	50	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	40	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	50	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	55	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	100	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	75	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	60	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	60	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	60	...	...
$100,000 and over	225	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	75	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	55	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	50	...	...
$200,000 and over	40	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	910	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	65	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	50	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	60	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	70	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	65	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	55	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	110	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	80	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	70	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	65	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	40	...	...
$100,000 and over	155	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	75	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35	...	...
$150,000 and over	45	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	510	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	165	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	230	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	100	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	430	145	285
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	48,400	40,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	41,200	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	495	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	155	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	225	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	100	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	435	130	300
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,200	59,000	47,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,600	48,000	40,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,975	880	1,100
0 to 17 years	410	195	210
0 to 5 years	135	70	70
18 to 64 years	1,160	525	635
65 years and over	405	155	250
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	285	110	175
0 to 17 years	65	25	40
0 to 5 years	25	10	20
18 to 64 years	130	55	75
65 years and over	90	25	60
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.3	12.4	15.8
0 to 17 years (%)	16.5	14.0	19.0
0 to 5 years (%)	20.0	12.0	28.0
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2	10.4	12.0
65 years and over (%)	21.2	18.0	23.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,975	875	1,095
0 to 17 years	405	195	215
0 to 5 years	135	65	70
18 to 64 years	1,165	530	630
65 years and over	410	155	250
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	170	70	100
0 to 17 years	45	20	30
0 to 5 years	15	5	10
18 to 64 years	95	45	50
65 years and over	25	5	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.7	8.0	9.2
0 to 17 years (%)	11.6	10.0	13.0
0 to 5 years (%)	14.0	8.0	18.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	8.4	7.8
65 years and over (%)	6.8	4.0	8.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,975	880	1,100
In bottom half of the distribution	1,260	530	725
In bottom decile	250	95	155
In second decile	210	85	125
In third decile	315	140	175
In fourth decile	245	100	145
In fifth decile	235	110	130
In top half of the distribution	715	345	375
In sixth decile	215	95	120
In seventh decile	180	90	90
In eighth decile	140	75	70
In ninth decile	95	45	50
In top decile	85	40	45
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,975	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.312	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.457	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,980	880	1,100
English only	525	240	280
French only	160	70	95
English and French	1,225	545	685
Neither English nor French	60	20	45
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,980	880	1,100
English	1,035	485	550
French	575	235	345
English and French	310	145	165
Neither English nor French	60	20	45
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,980	880	1,100
Single responses	1,760	775	985
Official languages	865	380	485
English	450	215	235
French	415	160	250
Non-official languages	900	395	500
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	900	395	500
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	60	75
Berber languages	10	10	5
Kabyle	5	5	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	125	55	75
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	120	55	70
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	10	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	10	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	85	40	45
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	80	40	45
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	585	250	330
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	110	40	70
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	110	40	70
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	5	10
Russian	70	25	50
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	0	10
German	10	0	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	265	125	145
Indo-Aryan languages	220	105	115
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5
Gujarati	90	40	50
Hindi	20	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	40	40
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	25	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	15	30
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	45	15	30
Dari	5	5	0
Iranian Persian	40	10	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	180	75	100
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	30	15	15
Portuguese	15	10	10
Romanian	65	30	35
Spanish	70	30	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20
Chinese languages	35	15	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	215	105	115
English and French	65	30	35
English and non-official language(s)	75	40	35
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,980	880	1,100
English	525	240	280
French	285	120	165
Non-official language	315	145	170
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	315	145	170
English and French	195	85	110
English and non-official language(s)	290	135	155
French and non-official language(s)	100	45	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	245	110	135
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,980	880	1,100
Single responses	1,720	765	960
Official languages	1,145	495	650
English	730	330	395
French	420	165	250
Non-official languages	575	270	305
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	575	270	305
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35
Berber languages	5	5	0
Kabyle	5	5	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	30	35
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	65	30	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	65	30	35
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	65	30	35
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	385	175	210
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	25	40
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	70	25	40
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	5
Russian	50	20	30
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	210	105	105
Indo-Aryan languages	170	85	85
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	70	30	40
Hindi	25	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	25	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	40	20	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	40	20	20
Dari	10	5	5
Iranian Persian	30	10	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	45	55
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	5	5
Romanian	55	25	30
Spanish	35	15	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15
Chinese languages	30	15	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	15	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	260	115	140
English and French	85	40	45
English and non-official language(s)	80	40	45
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,980	880	1,100
None	1,305	580	720
English	195	85	110
French	130	60	65
Non-official language	200	85	115
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	200	85	115
English and French	70	35	30
English and non-official language(s)	35	10	25
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,975	855	1,120
Official languages	1,905	835	1,065
English	1,730	775	960
French	1,360	590	770
Non-official languages	1,195	530	665
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,195	530	665
Afro-Asiatic languages	195	95	105
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	190	90	105
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	170	80	95
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	20	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	50	25	30
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	20	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	65	25	40
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	50	20	30
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	825	345	475
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	190	65	125
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	190	65	125
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	35	10	25
Russian	125	35	90
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	20	15	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	15	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	20	10	10
German	20	10	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	360	165	195
Indo-Aryan languages	320	140	175
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	155	65	90
Hindi	175	85	85
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	50	65
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	50	30	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	50	30	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	35	20	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	250	100	155
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	50	25	25
Portuguese	30	15	20
Romanian	65	30	35
Spanish	125	40	80
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	40	35
Chinese languages	75	40	35
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	60	30	35
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,975	855	1,115
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,970	850	1,115
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,975	855	1,115
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,975	855	1,115
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	915	...	...
Owner	645	...	...
Renter	270	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	915	...	...
Condominium	540	...	...
Not condominium	370	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	915	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...
1 bedroom	155	...	...
2 bedrooms	540	...	...
3 bedrooms	165	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	915	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	605	...	...
5 rooms	140	...	...
6 rooms	65	...	...
7 rooms	60	...	...
8 or more rooms	45	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	915	...	...
One person or fewer per room	885	...	...
More than one person per room	30	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	915	...	...
Suitable	835	...	...
Not suitable	75	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	915	...	...
1960 or before	40	...	...
1961 to 1980	210	...	...
1981 to 1990	195	...	...
1991 to 2000	60	...	...
2001 to 2005	140	...	...
2006 to 2010	160	...	...
2011 to 2015	70	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	915	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	895	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	915	...	...
One-maintainer household	610	...	...
Two-maintainer household	275	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	25	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	915	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	120	...	...
35 to 44 years	140	...	...
45 to 54 years	180	...	...
55 to 64 years	180	...	...
65 to 74 years	145	...	...
75 to 84 years	115	...	...
85 years and over	20	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	905	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	670	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	240	...	...
30% to less than 100%	225	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	915	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	310	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	220	...	...
Not suitable only	65	...	...
Major repairs needed only	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	600	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	890	...	...
In core need	70	...	...
Not in core need	825	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	645	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	356,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	45.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,120	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,970	860	1,115
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,965	855	1,110
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,975	860	1,115
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,600	705	900
Canadian citizens aged under 18	360	175	185
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,245	525	720
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	370	155	215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,975	860	1,115
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	955	440	525
Immigrants⁸¹	890	360	530
Before 1980	100	30	70
1980 to 1990	155	65	90
1991 to 2000	160	70	90
2001 to 2010	180	80	105
2011 to 2021⁸²	285	110	175
2011 to 2015	125	45	80
2016 to 2021	155	65	90
Non-permanent residents⁸³	125	60	65
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	890	360	530
Under 5 years	55	20	35
5 to 14 years	125	40	85
15 to 24 years	135	45	90
25 to 44 years	465	205	260
45 years and over	105	40	70
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	890	360	530
Americas	95	40	55
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	20	10	15
Other places of birth in Americas	20	0	15
Europe	245	80	170
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	10	10	0
Germany	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	30	0	25
Portugal	15	0	15
Romania	50	25	25
Russian Federation	40	10	30
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10
Ukraine	15	10	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	10	30
Africa	165	70	95
Algeria	40	20	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	50	20	30
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	20	10	15
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	20	25
Asia	385	165	215
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	20	15	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	10	20
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	50	25	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	35	15	20
Viet Nam	15	10	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	150	60	85
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	35	15	20
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	155	65	95
Americas	25	10	15
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	15	0	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	15	0	15
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	40	10	30
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	75	35	40
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	30	15	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	10	10	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,975	855	1,115
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,030	420	610
Second generation¹⁰¹	450	235	215
Third generation or more¹⁰²	495	200	300
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	785	325	460
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	405	215	190
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	230	150	80
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	180	65	110
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	315	75	240
Refugees¹⁰⁸	50	25	30
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	785	325	460
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	15	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	70	20	50
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	30	0	20
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	25	15	10
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	625	260	365
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,975	855	1,115
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	965	450	520
South Asian	385	175	215
Chinese	75	40	30
Black	135	75	55
Filipino	30	20	10
Arab	180	70	110
Latin American	50	20	30
Southeast Asian	45	15	30
West Asian	30	15	15
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	25	10	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,005	410	595
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,975	855	1,115
Canadian	185	70	115
English	85	40	45
Irish	55	20	30
Scottish	55	30	25
French, n.o.s.¹²²	165	75	90
German	35	25	10
Chinese	70	35	30
Italian	75	40	40
Indian (India)	300	140	165
Ukrainian	80	35	45
Dutch	0	0	0
Polish	40	10	30
Québécois	80	50	30
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	15	10	0
Filipino	45	20	25
French Canadian	30	10	25
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	35	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	35	10	20
Russian	65	20	50
Norwegian	10	0	0
Welsh	10	10	0
Portuguese	20	0	10
American	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	0	15
Acadian	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0
Jewish	30	15	15
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	0	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	60	25	35
Greek	25	20	10
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	55	30	25
Lebanese	60	25	35
Iranian	35	20	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	20	15	0
Danish	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	10	10	0
Belgian	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	60	25	30
Mexican	30	15	15
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	50	15	30
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	55	20	35
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	0	20
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	20	10	10
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	20	0	15
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	10	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	30	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	55	25	25
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	15	15	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	15	0	15
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,975	855	1,115
Buddhist	0	0	0
Christian	890	345	550
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	150	70	85
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	40	25	15
Baptist	25	10	15
Catholic	500	165	330
Christian Orthodox	130	50	75
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	15	15	0
Presbyterian	20	15	0
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10	0	10
Hindu	220	95	125
Jewish	35	20	15
Muslim	245	100	145
Sikh	90	35	55
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	480	260	220
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,950	835	1,110
Non-movers	1,745	750	990
Movers	205	85	120
Non-migrants	125	45	80
Migrants	85	40	45
Internal migrants	40	15	15
Intraprovincial migrants	15	10	10
Interprovincial migrants	25	10	10
External migrants	45	15	20
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,860	795	1,065
Non-movers	1,060	435	625
Movers	795	355	440
Non-migrants	385	170	215
Migrants	410	175	235
Internal migrants	205	75	125
Intraprovincial migrants	175	70	105
Interprovincial migrants	30	10	25
External migrants	210	100	110
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,605	680	925
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	190	75	110
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,420	610	810
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,020	455	565
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	70	35	35
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	945	420	525
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,610	680	925
No certificate, diploma or degree	175	65	110
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	385	180	200
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,050	435	615
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	465	210	255
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	135	75	60
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	105	45	60
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	30	30	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	250	100	150
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	80	40	40
Bachelor's degree or higher	585	220	365
Bachelor's degree	370	125	245
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	55	20	35
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	0	0
Master's degree	120	55	65
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	20	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,015	455	565
No certificate, diploma or degree	65	30	35
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	185	85	105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	770	340	425
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	320	170	145
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	120	70	50
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	90	45	45
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	25	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	155	70	80
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	50	35	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	450	165	285
Bachelor's degree	285	95	190
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	40	10	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0
Master's degree	90	40	50
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	15	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,610	685	925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	560	250	310
Education	90	0	85
13. Education	90	0	85
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	35	20	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	30	20	10
Humanities	65	10	55
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	0	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	115	30	90
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	25	0	20
22. Legal professions and studies	25	0	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	25	10	15
45. Social sciences	45	10	35
Business, management and public administration	255	90	165
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	245	90	160
Physical and life sciences and technologies	65	40	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	10	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	35	35	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	80	40	45
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	75	40	35
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	220	160	60
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	0
14. Engineering	130	85	45
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	25	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	30	30	0
48. Precision production	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
Health and related fields	100	35	70
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	95	25	70
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	10	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,015	455	560
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	245	110	135
Education	50	10	45
13. Education	50	10	45
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	30	20	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	30	20	10
Humanities	35	0	30
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	85	25	60
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	25	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	20	0	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	0
45. Social sciences	35	10	20
Business, management and public administration	205	85	120
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	200	85	115
Physical and life sciences and technologies	40	20	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	20	20	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	70	40	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	70	40	35
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	170	120	55
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0
14. Engineering	95	50	50
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	20	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	25	25	0
48. Precision production	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
Health and related fields	70	30	40
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65	25	40
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	1,015	455	560
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	245	110	135
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	770	340	425
Location of study inside Canada	445	200	250
Same as province or territory of residence	425	185	240
Different than province or territory of residence	20	15	10
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	320	145	175
Americas	60	35	25
United States of America	15	15	0
Mexico	20	10	10
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	120	60	60
Belgium	0	0	0
France	15	10	10
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	10
Poland	10	0	10
Romania	20	15	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10
Ukraine	25	15	15
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	10
Africa	55	25	25
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	15	0	0
Morocco	10	0	10
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	10	0
Asia	90	25	65
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	10
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	10	0	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	40	15	25
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,610	680	925
In the labour force	970	470	505
Employed	880	420	465
Unemployed	85	50	35
Not in the labour force	640	215	425
Participation rate	60.2	69.1	54.6
Employment rate	54.7	61.8	50.3
Unemployment rate	8.8	10.6	6.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,610	685	925
Did not work¹⁸⁶	640	215	425
Worked	970	465	500
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	550	270	275
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	420	200	220
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	40.2	42.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	970	470	500
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	15	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	955	455	495
Employee	810	355	455
Permanent position	690	330	360
Temporary position	120	25	90
Fixed term (1 year or more)	70	15	55
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	55	15	35
Self-employed¹⁹²	140	95	40
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	970	470	500
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	15	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	955	455	495
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	170	55	110
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	160	95	60
3 Health occupations	70	25	50
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	105	25	80
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	30	15	15
6 Sales and service occupations	210	105	100
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	120	100	25
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	80	35	50
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	970	470	500
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	15	0
All industries¹⁹¹	955	455	495
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0
23 Construction	30	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	135	75	55
41 Wholesale trade	70	35	40
44-45 Retail trade	100	55	45
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	75	55	25
51 Information and cultural industries	30	30	0
52 Finance and insurance	30	10	25
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	145	70	75
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	50	20	30
61 Educational services	70	20	50
62 Health care and social assistance	120	20	100
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	0	10
72 Accommodation and food services	35	15	20
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	10	0
91 Public administration	20	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,055	500	555
English	375	190	185
French	210	90	120
Non-official language	10	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0
English and French	445	205	235
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,055	500	555
Single responses	910	425	485
Official languages	900	420	475
English	570	275	295
French	325	145	180
Non-official languages	15	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	150	75	75
English and French	140	70	75
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,055	500	555
None	720	345	375
English	115	60	60
French	200	85	115
Non-official language	25	15	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	15	10
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	880	420	465
Worked at home	255	125	130
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	55	40	20
Usual place of work	570	255	310
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	570	255	315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	315	140	175
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	230	100	130
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	30	15	10
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	625	290	335
Car, truck or van	560	270	290
Car, truck or van - as a driver	520	260	260
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	40	15	30
Public transit	60	20	40
Walked	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0
Other method	10	0	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	625	290	335
Less than 15 minutes	105	50	50
15 to 29 minutes	255	120	135
30 to 44 minutes	165	70	95
45 to 59 minutes	50	35	20
60 minutes and over	50	20	35
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	625	290	335
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	80	50	35
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	125	50	80
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	125	40	80
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	110	55	60
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	85	35	55
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	95	65	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	415	200	215
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	140	70	65
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	275	125	150
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	295	135	155
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	110	55	50
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	80	45	40
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	25	15	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	185	75	105

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table