Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662943More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			24660456More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,321	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	747	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	382	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	438	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	382	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	398	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,981.1	...	...	6.5	...	...	14,561.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.27	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	0.05	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,325	635	685	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	745	410	340
0 to 14 years	355	165	195	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	115	75	45
0 to 4 years	80	35	45	422,980	217,145	205,840	40	25	15
5 to 9 years	130	65	70	478,955	245,295	233,665	50	30	20
10 to 14 years	140	70	75	489,425	250,855	238,570	30	15	15
15 to 64 years	885	435	455	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	545	295	250
15 to 19 years	95	45	45	429,400	219,400	209,995	30	15	15
20 to 24 years	75	40	40	460,660	235,250	225,405	65	35	30
25 to 29 years	45	30	20	527,150	266,455	260,700	75	40	35
30 to 34 years	55	25	30	536,040	267,770	268,270	75	40	30
35 to 39 years	115	45	65	550,425	274,350	276,075	75	50	30
40 to 44 years	135	65	75	572,565	286,405	286,160	60	35	20
45 to 49 years	115	60	50	516,465	259,565	256,905	40	20	20
50 to 54 years	100	55	50	522,935	262,610	260,325	45	15	30
55 to 59 years	80	45	40	615,690	307,230	308,465	35	20	10
60 to 64 years	65	35	35	625,610	307,710	317,900	50	25	25
65 years and over	80	40	40	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	85	40	45
65 to 69 years	20	10	10	541,970	264,020	277,950	25	15	15
70 to 74 years	30	15	20	455,900	217,985	237,910	30	15	15
75 to 79 years	20	10	5	330,840	153,790	177,050	5	5	5
80 to 84 years	0	0	0	210,405	90,825	119,580	10	5	5
85 years and over	10	5	5	214,415	75,305	139,115	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	5	0	0	131,755	50,610	81,150	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	5	5	0	65,020	20,490	44,535	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	26.8	26.0	28.5	16.4	17.0	15.8	15.4	18.3	13.2
15 to 64 years	66.8	68.5	66.4	63.0	63.9	62.1	73.2	72.0	73.5
65 years and over	6.0	6.3	5.8	20.6	19.1	22.1	11.4	9.8	13.2
85 years and over	0.8	0.8	0.7	2.5	1.8	3.2	0.7	0.0	1.5
Average age of the population	34.0	34.7	33.3	42.8	41.8	43.7	37.7	36.5	39.1
Median age of the population	36.8	37.6	36.4	43.2	42.0	44.0	36.0	35.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	380	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	395	...	...
Single-detached house	235	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	120	...	...	199,080	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	15	...	...	98,625	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	271,245	...	...	85	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	290	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	225,745	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	380	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	395	...	...
1 person	20	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	215	...	...
2 persons	80	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	90	...	...
3 persons	70	...	...	480,135	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	145	...	...	427,605	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	65	...	...	228,060	...	...	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,320	635	685	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	745	410	335
Average household size	3.5	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	965	475	495	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	630	335	290
Married or living common-law	660	330	330	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	270	140	135
Married	590	295	295	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	120	65	55
Living common-law	75	35	35	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	145	75	75
Living common law - Never married	50	25	25	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	135	65	65
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	25	10	10	261,885	135,520	126,370	15	10	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	305	140	165	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	360	200	160
Not married and not living common law - Never married	245	125	120	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	280	165	115
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	0	5	106,275	48,095	58,175	10	5	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	10	20	494,210	197,455	296,755	55	25	30
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	5	15	380,100	89,515	290,580	15	5	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	370	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	165	...	...
2 persons	95	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	80	...	...
3 persons	70	...	...	454,980	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	145	...	...	412,850	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	55	...	...	187,600	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	3.5	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	365	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	160	...	...
Total couple families	330	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	125	...	...
Married couples	295	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	55	...	...
With children⁶	230	...	...	502,020	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	60	...	...	609,605	...	...	15	...	...
Common-law couples	35	...	...	828,005	...	...	75	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	401,885	...	...	35	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	426,120	...	...	40	...	...
Total one-parent families	35	...	...	383,775	...	...	40	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	30	...	...	284,025	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	99,755	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,320	640	685	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	745	410	335
Total - Persons in census families	1,275	620	655	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	465	245	225
Married spouses or common-law partners	660	330	325	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	255	125	125
Parents in one-parent families	40	10	30	383,780	99,755	284,020	35	10	30
Children⁶	575	280	300	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	175	110	65
In a two-parent family	510	245	265	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	135	75	55
In a one-parent family	65	35	35	585,820	317,400	268,415	45	30	15
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	50	20	30	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	275	160	110
Living alone	20	10	10	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	210	120	95
Living with other relatives⁷	25	5	20	165,070	74,060	91,005	5	5	0
Living with non-relatives only	0	0	0	268,810	158,325	110,485	60	35	20
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	385	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	400	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	330	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	155	...	...
Couple-family households	305	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	120	...	...
With children⁶	240	...	...	851,835	...	...	75	...	...
Without children	70	...	...	982,260	...	...	50	...	...
One-parent-family households	25	...	...	331,395	...	...	30	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	15	...	...	50,790	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5	...	...	9,225	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	66,750	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	0	...	...	139,280	...	...	20	...	...
One-person households	20	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	210	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	970	470	490	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	625	340	290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	920	455	465	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	610	330	285
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,200	59,200	48,800	40,800	44,800	37,200	39,600	40,800	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	920	455	465	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	610	330	285
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	49,200	42,800	36,400	39,200	33,600	35,600	36,000	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	860	440	425	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	540	295	240
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	55,200	41,600	33,600	39,600	28,000	32,800	38,400	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	790	405	390	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	465	260	205
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	55,600	43,200	36,000	40,400	31,600	37,200	41,200	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	695	295	400	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	515	265	255
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	8,000	8,600	11,500	10,200	12,300	10,000	8,500	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95	45	55	837,635	441,080	396,550	75	30	45
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	5,600	6,500	5,520	5,520	5,600	5,760	5,400	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	285	150	135	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	215	110	105
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	6,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	975	470	505	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	605	310	295
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	940	465	475	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	590	305	285
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,400	65,200	47,800	51,160	57,550	44,960	45,800	49,600	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	940	465	475	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	590	305	285
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,500	51,000	40,000	41,840	45,760	38,000	38,400	40,400	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	870	450	415	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	540	290	255
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,000	60,800	42,600	45,480	52,900	38,000	39,600	43,600	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	780	400	375	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	480	265	220
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,300	62,600	43,600	46,240	51,950	40,040	40,600	43,600	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	730	305	425	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	515	245	270
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,880	9,700	11,720	12,410	11,500	13,220	11,040	10,500	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	120	45	75	837,180	441,665	395,515	70	30	45
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,400	7,400	7,040	6,380	7,780	6,400	5,600	7,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	300	150	150	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	230	105	120
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	8,200	9,200	8,130	7,910	8,390	9,000	9,800	8,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	975	470	505	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	605	315	295
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	420	250	175	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	225	125	100
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,000	78,000	68,500	58,400	62,800	53,600	56,400	65,500	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,600	88,000	72,500	69,700	76,600	61,550	60,800	67,000	53,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	275	120	155	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	210	110	95
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	12,000	8,500	13,600	18,600	21,400	16,600	22,800	22,800	24,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	20,800	20,000	28,160	32,120	24,360	25,400	24,400	26,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.2	90.0	78.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	79.0	82.0	74.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	77.6	82.0	71.5	65.4	68.8	61.0	72.0	75.0	68.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.0	9.6	22.0	20.1	15.8	25.6	21.0	17.2	26.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	0.9	2.4	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.2	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.3	7.1	5.4	4.8	6.1	8.5	7.4	9.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.0	4.0	6.2	4.6	4.3	5.1	7.5	6.8	8.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	965	475	495	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	630	335	290
Without total income	45	20	30	179,955	87,650	92,310	15	5	10
With total income	915	460	460	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	610	330	280
Under $10,000 (including loss)	60	25	40	462,400	204,245	258,155	35	25	10
$10,000 to $19,999	80	40	40	809,375	334,315	475,065	95	55	40
$20,000 to $29,999	115	55	55	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	90	40	55
$30,000 to $39,999	90	40	55	896,520	414,070	482,445	80	40	45
$40,000 to $49,999	85	30	55	849,005	411,680	437,325	85	50	30
$50,000 to $59,999	105	40	65	687,020	345,720	341,305	65	30	35
$60,000 to $69,999	85	45	40	503,110	271,695	231,415	45	30	20
$70,000 to $79,999	65	45	25	367,455	208,475	158,980	35	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	50	30	25	284,690	158,760	125,930	20	15	5
$90,000 to $99,999	40	20	15	198,140	112,355	85,780	20	10	10
$100,000 and over	135	85	55	556,780	365,700	191,080	30	20	5
$100,000 to $149,999	100	60	45	385,890	245,635	140,260	20	15	10
$150,000 and over	40	25	5	170,890	120,065	50,820	5	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	965	475	495	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	630	335	290
Without after-tax income	45	20	30	177,960	86,610	91,355	15	5	10
With after-tax income	915	460	460	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	610	330	280
Under $10,000 (including loss)	65	25	40	495,035	214,000	281,030	40	25	10
$10,000 to $19,999	85	45	40	853,250	356,480	496,765	100	55	45
$20,000 to $29,999	135	60	70	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	110	50	60
$30,000 to $39,999	110	50	60	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	110	65	45
$40,000 to $49,999	135	60	80	994,235	505,970	488,265	95	45	55
$50,000 to $59,999	120	65	50	691,015	372,870	318,145	60	35	30
$60,000 to $69,999	95	45	45	459,665	251,490	208,170	40	20	15
$70,000 to $79,999	55	35	15	292,135	160,985	131,150	30	10	15
$80,000 to $89,999	55	30	25	174,905	104,610	70,295	15	10	0
$90,000 to $99,999	30	15	15	106,165	67,055	39,105	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	40	30	15	229,765	156,750	73,020	5	5	0
$100,000 to $124,999	15	15	5	119,125	78,615	40,515	5	5	0
$125,000 and over	20	15	5	110,635	78,130	32,505	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	965	475	495	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	630	335	290
Without employment income	175	70	105	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	155	75	85
With employment income	795	405	390	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	470	260	210
Under $5,000 (including loss)	80	45	30	644,075	331,770	312,300	65	35	30
$5,000 to $9,999	55	30	25	401,185	180,585	220,595	45	20	20
$10,000 to $19,999	75	35	45	603,350	273,725	329,620	50	25	30
$20,000 to $29,999	60	25	40	495,105	228,670	266,435	45	20	30
$30,000 to $39,999	60	20	40	488,000	239,620	248,380	45	30	15
$40,000 to $49,999	70	25	40	485,845	242,230	243,610	55	35	15
$50,000 to $59,999	80	35	40	403,980	217,425	186,560	55	25	30
$60,000 to $69,999	60	35	25	320,700	184,770	135,935	30	25	10
$70,000 to $79,999	65	35	30	250,635	147,020	103,615	30	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	45	20	20	218,100	120,085	98,020	15	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	35	20	10	141,540	86,090	55,450	15	5	5
$100,000 and over	120	75	45	422,055	285,910	136,145	25	20	5
$100,000 to $124,999	65	40	25	205,085	133,500	71,585	15	10	5
$125,000 and over	50	30	20	216,965	152,410	64,555	5	5	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	970	470	490	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	625	340	290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	900	450	455	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	600	320	280
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,200	56,800	46,400	38,400	43,200	34,000	33,600	35,200	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	900	450	455	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	600	320	280
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	47,200	40,800	34,000	37,600	30,600	30,600	31,600	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	855	430	420	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	525	280	245
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	54,800	39,200	34,800	40,400	29,200	32,000	36,400	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	790	405	385	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	455	250	210
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	56,800	40,800	36,400	41,200	31,800	34,000	38,400	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	615	240	375	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	480	245	235
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,960	2,200	5,720	7,800	5,640	9,100	4,600	2,020	7,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	105	40	60	727,165	390,255	336,910	45	25	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	4,080	7,800	5,000	4,760	5,280	6,950	7,150	6,950
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	975	470	505	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	605	310	295
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	920	445	470	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	590	305	285
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,500	65,600	47,800	48,600	55,500	41,880	40,400	43,200	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	920	445	470	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	590	305	285
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,300	50,200	38,800	39,600	44,000	35,320	34,600	36,800	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	860	435	425	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	545	280	265
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,400	63,800	44,800	45,920	53,800	37,920	37,800	42,400	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	790	400	390	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	480	250	230
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,800	64,000	43,200	46,240	52,450	39,520	40,000	43,600	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	655	255	395	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	475	225	255
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,880	6,650	8,680	9,450	8,430	10,320	6,880	6,320	7,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	125	55	65	727,815	390,880	336,935	45	20	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	5,800	10,800	7,020	5,975	8,230	7,200	8,000	6,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	975	470	505	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	605	315	295
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	420	245	175	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	225	120	100
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,500	82,000	62,400	54,800	60,000	49,200	50,000	52,000	47,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,200	89,000	65,500	65,400	72,900	56,600	54,000	59,000	49,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	270	120	150	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	200	105	95
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,400	13,100	15,900	23,600	27,200	21,000	28,400	27,400	28,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	25,600	24,400	33,000	37,800	28,360	31,200	33,500	28,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.0	94.0	85.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	86.0	90.0	82.0
Employment income (%)	82.0	87.0	75.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	80.0	82.0	77.0
Government transfers (%)	9.9	5.7	15.3	14.9	10.8	20.2	13.8	10.8	17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.1	3.2	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.3	1.2	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	380	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	395	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	52,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	63,200	...	...	46,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	20	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	210	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	38,800	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	34,400	...	...	32,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	360	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	185	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	390	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	385	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	137,500	...	...	92,000	...	...	70,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	110,800	...	...	75,200	...	...	59,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	190	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,000	...	...	47,680	...	...	38,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,000	...	...	39,640	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	355	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	195	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,200	...	...	94,500	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	380	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	395	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	35,920	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	23,880	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	52,080	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	82,470	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	218,185	...	...	35	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	144,420	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	143,285	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	172,005	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	174,790	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	166,990	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	310,880	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	280,505	...	...	30	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	255,770	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	235,235	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	208,320	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	280	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	85	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	60	...	...	414,805	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	75	...	...	282,590	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	80	...	...	307,835	...	...	20	...	...
$200,000 and over	65	...	...	239,060	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	380	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	395	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	40,590	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	24,960	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	53,600	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	87,695	...	...	25	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	234,875	...	...	40	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	177,135	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	180,150	...	...	30	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	213,760	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	210,280	...	...	35	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	193,530	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	356,325	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	322,530	...	...	30	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	289,580	...	...	30	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	254,885	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	30	...	...	216,370	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	245	...	...	892,775	...	...	65	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	100	...	...	387,835	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	65	...	...	225,830	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 and over	75	...	...	279,105	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	360	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	165	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.6	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	70	...	...	991,710	...	...	50	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	255	...	...	907,765	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	368,845	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	69,000	...	...	54,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	61,600	...	...	54,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	25	10	15	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	270	155	115
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,000	x	x	36,800	39,200	34,800	33,600	35,600	30,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200	x	x	33,200	34,800	31,600	31,000	32,000	28,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	360	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	175	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,200	...	...	95,100	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	992,110	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	255	...	...	909,160	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	166,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	367,155	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	78,700	...	...	56,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	52,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	30	0	25	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	245	135	105
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	...	32,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	39,200	41,000	37,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	...	30,000	38,040	39,400	36,640	34,400	35,500	33,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,325	635	685	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	745	405	340
0 to 17 years	420	195	225	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	130	80	50
0 to 5 years	105	45	55	515,725	264,785	250,935	45	25	20
18 to 64 years	820	400	420	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	525	285	240
65 years and over	80	40	40	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	85	40	45
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	30	15	20	992,235	463,295	528,940	145	85	60
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	159,530	82,000	77,530	15	15	0
0 to 5 years	5	5	5	53,105	27,240	25,870	0	5	0
18 to 64 years	15	5	10	515,470	256,435	259,035	95	55	40
65 years and over	5	5	0	317,235	124,865	192,370	35	15	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	2.4	2.0	2.8	11.9	11.2	12.7	19.6	20.8	18.0
0 to 17 years (%)	2.0	x	x	9.7	9.7	9.7	12.0	18.0	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	10.3	10.3	10.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4	1.6	3.2	10.2	10.1	10.2	18.0	19.5	16.0
65 years and over (%)	5.0	x	x	19.8	16.6	22.7	40.0	36.0	44.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,320	640	685	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	745	410	335
0 to 17 years	425	195	230	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	135	80	55
0 to 5 years	105	45	60	511,400	262,535	248,860	50	25	20
18 to 64 years	820	400	420	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	525	290	235
65 years and over	80	40	40	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	85	40	45
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	15	10	10	439,850	223,055	216,795	110	65	45
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	61,665	31,610	30,060	10	10	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	19,815	10,190	9,630	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	10	0	5	313,970	167,015	146,955	80	50	35
65 years and over	0	0	0	64,210	24,430	39,780	15	5	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.2	1.2	1.2	5.3	5.4	5.2	14.4	16.0	12.8
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	3.8	3.8	3.8	6.0	12.0	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	1.4	x	1.6	6.2	6.6	5.8	16.0	17.0	15.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	4.0	3.3	4.7	18.0	16.0	16.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,325	635	685	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	745	405	340
In bottom half of the distribution	425	200	225	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	500	270	230
In bottom decile	25	15	15	851,840	407,705	444,140	155	90	65
In second decile	50	20	30	920,490	434,730	485,760	100	50	50
In third decile	80	35	45	969,255	471,650	497,600	85	40	40
In fourth decile	110	55	50	978,345	482,760	495,590	75	45	30
In fifth decile	155	75	80	947,090	473,285	473,810	95	50	45
In top half of the distribution	900	440	465	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	245	135	110
In sixth decile	175	95	80	899,660	454,970	444,690	75	40	30
In seventh decile	255	120	140	837,225	425,400	411,830	70	40	35
In eighth decile	200	95	105	752,410	383,450	368,955	45	25	25
In ninth decile	180	85	95	634,425	325,700	308,730	40	20	20
In top decile	95	55	45	517,725	267,160	250,565	10	5	5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,320	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	745	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.251	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.305	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.328	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.453	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.209	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.269	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.4	...	...	3.4	...	...	4.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,320	640	685	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	750	410	335
English only	90	45	40	445,575	228,840	216,735	25	15	10
French only	355	170	185	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	265	140	130
English and French	875	425	450	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	445	250	195
Neither English nor French	10	0	10	82,075	35,200	46,875	5	5	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,320	640	685	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	750	410	335
English	560	270	295	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	65	40	25
French	695	340	355	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	635	340	290
English and French	55	30	30	329,515	169,050	160,465	40	20	20
Neither English nor French	10	0	10	79,000	33,590	45,410	5	5	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,320	640	685	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	750	410	335
Single responses	1,240	600	640	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	705	390	315
Official languages	765	365	395	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	560	300	255
English	315	145	170	639,365	323,170	316,195	40	20	20
French	445	215	230	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	515	275	235
Non-official languages	480	235	245	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	150	90	60
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	565	290	275	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	610	300	310	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	190	75	115	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	190	75	110	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	860	410	450	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	820	385	435	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	480	235	245	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	150	90	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	50	35	233,220	122,895	110,320	60	40	25
Berber languages	40	25	20	25,990	13,860	12,130	5	5	5
Kabyle	40	25	20	23,735	12,570	11,165	5	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	125	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	980	510	470	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	425	235	190	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	555	280	280	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	320	170	150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	30	15	204,600	107,735	96,865	55	30	20
Amharic	0	0	0	735	345	385	0	0	0
Arabic	45	30	15	198,785	104,765	94,020	55	30	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	810	415	395	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	37,425	17,185	20,240	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	8,730	3,975	4,755	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,630	13,180	15,450	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	465	175	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	590	205	385	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	730	255	475	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	630	325	310	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	75	30	50	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Creole languages	75	30	45	62,640	28,375	34,265	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	65	30	35	46,475	20,690	25,785	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	490	240	250	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	5	11,980	5,620	6,360	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	290	135	150	595,790	290,670	305,115	65	35	30
Albanian	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	5	68,295	30,855	37,435	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	725	285	440	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	235	100	135	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	490	185	300	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	5	67,565	30,570	36,995	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5	12,495	5,380	7,120	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	31,700	14,115	17,590	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	120	125	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	855	380	475	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	600	265	335	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	530	260	275	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0	34,080	16,735	17,345	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	101,450	52,780	48,665	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	63,025	33,465	29,555	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	520	285	235	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	725	375	350	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	38,400	19,305	19,090	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	275	130	145	346,000	167,870	178,130	60	35	25
Catalan	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Italian	205	100	105	90,940	44,080	46,865	10	0	5
Portuguese	15	10	5	41,545	19,890	21,650	5	5	5
Romanian	20	10	15	35,810	17,115	18,695	5	0	0
Spanish	35	15	15	177,155	86,490	90,660	35	20	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	125	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	985	490	490	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	995	535	465	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	5	5	5
Ga	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	270	175	95	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	910	435	475	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	875	470	410	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	845	450	400	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	930	485	445	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	5	87,540	40,170	47,375	5	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	5	87,155	39,990	47,160	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	470	200	270	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	57,445	26,210	31,235	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	790	365	430	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	5	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	310	140	175	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	160	60	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	120	190	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0
Multiple responses	85	35	45	308,550	155,455	153,095	45	20	20
English and French	15	5	10	126,405	64,585	61,820	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	49,485	24,660	24,825	0	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	94,205	46,880	47,320	25	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	28,685	14,700	13,985	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140	5	0	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,320	640	685	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	750	410	335
English	410	200	210	623,305	313,780	309,520	40	25	15
French	435	215	220	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	480	255	220
Non-official language	60	20	40	366,730	177,410	189,315	25	15	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	60	20	40	343,650	165,830	177,825	25	15	10
English and French	115	55	60	497,380	256,735	240,645	50	25	25
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	205,755	102,290	103,470	10	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	145	65	80	375,795	179,585	196,210	110	60	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	65	60	284,940	141,275	143,665	35	20	10
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	20,125	9,545	10,585	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,320	640	685	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	750	410	335
Single responses	1,240	595	640	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	685	375	310
Official languages	1,115	535	575	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	620	340	280
English	550	260	290	874,185	438,570	435,615	60	35	30
French	565	275	290	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	560	305	255
Non-official languages	125	60	65	662,615	322,860	339,750	60	35	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	60	65	628,365	305,820	322,555	60	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15	116,685	59,645	57,040	25	20	10
Berber languages	15	10	5	10,635	5,585	5,045	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	10	5	9,765	5,115	4,655	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	670	365	305	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	90	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	335	165	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	225	115	115	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	605	280	325	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	580	265	315	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	104,890	53,505	51,380	20	15	10
Amharic	0	0	0	330	155	175	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	5	102,120	52,125	49,990	20	15	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	380	185	190	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	130	60	75	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	200	105	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	490	250	240	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	24,500	11,410	13,090	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	225	100	125	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	560	240	320	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	610	325	285	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	305	165	145	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	300	160	145	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	10	15	26,985	11,815	15,170	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	25	15	15	19,535	8,310	11,230	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	230	110	125	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	5,390	2,520	2,865	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220	110	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	45	25	25	336,635	164,100	172,535	30	10	15
Albanian	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	39,725	18,855	20,870	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	39,575	18,795	20,775	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	375	180	200	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	945	445	505	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	50	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	200	85	115	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	150	70	85	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	110	30	75	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	235	125	115	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	420	200	215	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	300	145	155	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	74,455	38,045	36,410	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	46,420	24,225	22,195	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	255	135	120	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	880	445	430	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	425	225	205	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	625	325	300	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	20	182,585	88,060	94,525	25	15	15
Catalan	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	26,290	11,205	15,085	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	20,885	9,965	10,920	10	0	5
Romanian	15	10	5	22,255	10,895	11,355	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	10	112,915	55,870	57,050	15	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	485	235	245	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	850	445	410	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	965	415	545	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	930	410	525	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	105	75	35	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	245	100	145	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	320	400	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	395	195	200	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	365	180	185	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	300	165	135	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	550	345	205	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	67,120	31,725	35,390	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	66,880	31,610	35,275	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	150	65	80	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	870	445	430	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	255	95	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	175	95	75	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	65	85	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Multiple responses	85	40	45	357,245	176,070	181,175	60	35	30
English and French	25	10	10	137,120	69,025	68,095	15	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	60,495	29,540	30,950	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	116,595	56,445	60,150	40	20	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	39,875	19,575	20,300	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,320	640	685	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	745	410	335
None	955	455	500	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	585	320	265
English	50	25	25	353,690	183,470	170,225	40	15	20
French	115	65	55	259,425	127,380	132,040	40	15	20
Non-official language	95	40	55	269,715	129,830	139,890	55	40	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	95	40	55	264,405	127,330	137,070	55	40	20
English and French	15	5	5	61,955	31,425	30,525	10	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	76,755	38,765	37,990	5	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	55	30	30	55,860	26,915	28,945	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	19,290	9,695	9,595	5	0	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,320	620	700	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	725	385	340
Official languages	1,310	620	685	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	710	370	340
English	1,005	490	515	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	430	235	200
French	1,215	560	650	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	690	370	325
Non-official languages	720	330	390	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	280	145	145
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	370	205	160	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	210	110	100	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	155	75	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	240	125	110	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	215	110	100	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	45	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	720	330	390	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	280	145	145
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	30	40	385,210	201,105	184,100	110	65	45
Berber languages	20	10	10	39,965	21,145	18,820	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	10	10	35,660	18,725	16,930	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	25	25	363,875	190,005	173,870	110	60	45
Amharic	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	0	0	0
Arabic	45	25	25	343,675	179,750	163,930	110	60	45
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	935	460	480	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	660	310	345	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	49,720	23,320	26,405	10	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	12,785	5,930	6,855	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920	10	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	340	150	190	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	655	285	370	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	595	275	320	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	460	195	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	0	0	0
Creole languages	100	35	60	135,275	62,040	73,235	10	0	0
Haitian Creole	95	35	60	118,010	53,530	64,480	10	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	340	165	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	925	530	395	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	530	255	275	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	135	55	80
Albanian	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	95,385	45,060	50,330	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	660	290	375	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	94,580	44,695	49,885	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	455	205	250	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	55,485	26,345	29,135	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	810	340	465	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	665	375	295	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	135	85	45	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	80	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	65,625	33,305	32,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	57,640	29,540	28,105	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	44,170	22,715	21,450	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	580	295	285	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	40	0	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	735	340	400	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	860	395	460	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	735	375	360	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	115	100	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	50,375	24,835	25,540	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	136,020	71,180	64,840	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	90,745	48,355	42,395	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	375	155	220	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	50	60	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	770	445	320	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	135	80	55	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	180	115	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	100	65	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	520	255	265	684,830	324,095	360,735	120	45	80
Catalan	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	0	0	0
Italian	400	185	215	168,040	82,400	85,645	20	10	15
Portuguese	75	20	55	65,605	33,005	32,600	15	0	10
Romanian	30	15	10	44,510	21,425	23,090	0	0	0
Spanish	85	55	30	453,905	210,400	243,505	80	30	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	150	135	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	320	125	195	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	75,835	37,990	37,845	10	0	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	375	225	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	280	135	150	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	745	435	315	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	345	190	155	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	570	375	195	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	995	555	440	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	107,415	49,840	57,575	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	106,915	49,630	57,285	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	80,520	37,100	43,420	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	465	190	275	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	135	30	110	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	995	570	425	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	350	155	200	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	320	155	170	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	230	90	140	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	835	430	405	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,320	620	700	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	725	385	340
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15	0	10	205,010	101,150	103,865	15	10	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15	0	10	193,365	95,320	98,045	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	0	0	0
Métis	15	0	10	61,010	31,620	29,390	15	10	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,305	615	690	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	710	375	335
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,320	620	700	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	725	385	340
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,315	615	695	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	720	385	335
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	390	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	385	...	...
Owner	375	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	85	...	...
Renter	10	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	295	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	390	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	385	...	...
Condominium	25	...	...	515,590	...	...	10	...	...
Not condominium	365	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	370	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	390	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	385	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	20	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	623,295	...	...	150	...	...
2 bedrooms	25	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	140	...	...
3 bedrooms	300	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	60	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	60	...	...	730,330	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	390	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	385	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	255	...	...
5 rooms	45	...	...	645,635	...	...	55	...	...
6 rooms	115	...	...	435,225	...	...	20	...	...
7 rooms	95	...	...	403,225	...	...	25	...	...
8 or more rooms	115	...	...	886,180	...	...	25	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	5.8	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	390	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	385	...	...
One person or fewer per room	385	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	380	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	48,315	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	390	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	385	...	...
Suitable	370	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	360	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	142,775	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	390	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	385	...	...
1960 or before	10	...	...	879,375	...	...	180	...	...
1961 to 1980	20	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	110	...	...
1981 to 1990	55	...	...	509,120	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	75	...	...	385,315	...	...	30	...	...
2001 to 2005	15	...	...	198,595	...	...	25	...	...
2006 to 2010	140	...	...	231,930	...	...	20	...	...
2011 to 2015	75	...	...	212,290	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	217,715	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	390	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	385	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	370	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	325	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	236,110	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	390	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	385	...	...
One-maintainer household	95	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	240	...	...
Two-maintainer household	290	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	125	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	89,875	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	390	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	385	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	117,525	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	20	...	...	525,540	...	...	75	...	...
35 to 44 years	95	...	...	647,165	...	...	105	...	...
45 to 54 years	125	...	...	628,630	...	...	65	...	...
55 to 64 years	80	...	...	760,395	...	...	55	...	...
65 to 74 years	50	...	...	629,965	...	...	50	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	336,170	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	103,640	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	385	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	380	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	340	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	315	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	50	...	...	595,690	...	...	65	...	...
30% to less than 100%	50	...	...	542,060	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	390	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	385	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	901,440	...	...	125	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	45	...	...	537,090	...	...	60	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	112,775	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	179,840	...	...	40	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	41,740	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	310	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	255	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	385	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	380	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	218,275	...	...	55	...	...
Not in core need	375	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	325	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	370	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	85	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	79.7	...	...	62.2	...	...	58.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.2	...	...	10.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,210	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,680	...	...	1,195	...	...	1,520	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	462,000	...	...	376,800	...	...	640,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	295	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	...	...	...	8.6	...	...	20.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	25.2	...	...	18.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	...	...	...	11.9	...	...	18.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	810	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	886	...	...	820	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,320	625	695	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	725	385	340
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	10	0	10	177,300	86,310	90,990	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	10	0	10	174,610	85,025	89,585	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10	0	10	140,690	68,395	72,300	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	760	365	400	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	55	40	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	203,425	96,595	106,830	15	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	200,985	95,520	105,460	15	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	177,925	84,210	93,720	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	535	240	295	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,310	620	690	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	710	380	330
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,320	625	695	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	725	385	335
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,305	610	695	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	630	340	295
Canadian citizens aged under 18	390	170	215	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	125	80	50
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	915	435	480	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	505	260	240
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	15	15	0	518,265	264,490	253,775	95	45	45
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,320	625	695	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	725	385	335
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,085	500	585	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	480	270	210
Immigrants⁸¹	230	120	115	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	190	90	100
Before 1980	60	30	30	187,200	91,895	95,300	25	10	15
1980 to 1990	40	20	20	124,610	61,850	62,755	20	0	15
1991 to 2000	50	20	30	190,495	91,635	98,860	15	10	10
2001 to 2010	75	45	35	312,210	150,825	161,390	75	35	40
2011 to 2021⁸²	10	0	0	396,090	192,745	203,340	55	30	25
2011 to 2015	10	0	0	193,345	93,485	99,855	20	15	0
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	202,740	99,260	103,480	40	15	20
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	205,770	113,500	92,275	50	25	25
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	230	120	115	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	190	90	100
Under 5 years	40	30	10	112,295	56,755	55,540	30	10	25
5 to 14 years	40	15	25	201,385	101,555	99,835	10	0	0
15 to 24 years	40	25	20	213,035	96,175	116,860	25	10	20
25 to 44 years	115	60	55	594,845	292,975	301,875	115	65	55
45 years and over	0	0	0	89,045	41,505	47,540	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	230	120	115	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	190	90	100
Americas	60	25	30	264,885	121,740	143,145	30	10	15
Brazil	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0	0	0
Haiti	40	15	25	86,105	38,285	47,820	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	61,020	28,545	32,480	0	0	0
Europe	105	60	40	309,015	154,110	154,910	45	30	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	0	0	0
France	15	10	0	93,160	49,870	43,290	20	15	0
Germany	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	0	0	0
Italy	55	30	20	43,975	21,940	22,040	15	0	10
Netherlands	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	0	0	0
Portugal	10	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	0	0	0
Romania	20	10	10	27,515	12,990	14,530	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075	0	0	0
Africa	35	20	15	302,010	153,655	148,355	90	40	50
Algeria	35	20	15	72,835	37,535	35,295	40	15	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	600	305	300	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	68,865	34,810	34,060	25	15	15
Nigeria	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	675	330	350	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	118,820	60,455	58,360	15	0	0
Asia	30	15	15	332,925	158,445	174,475	25	10	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	0	42,280	22,610	19,670	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	52,500	23,010	29,490	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900	10	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	24,990	12,770	12,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	202,740	99,265	103,480	40	15	20
Americas	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	10	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	215	130	90	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185	20	15	0
France	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655	20	15	0
Germany	0	0	0	530	295	240	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	100	85	15	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	975	615	360	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	70,310	34,215	36,095	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	155	75	75	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	995	525	470	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	715	385	325	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	395	205	185	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	325	75	250	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	565	285	275	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	245	140	100	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	800	450	355	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	975	510	470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	510	355	160	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	295	195	95	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	220	160	60	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,320	620	700	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	725	385	340
First generation¹⁰⁰	235	125	110	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	255	120	135
Second generation¹⁰¹	535	245	290	883,485	446,000	437,490	125	80	45
Third generation or more¹⁰²	555	260	300	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	350	185	165
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	175	90	85	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	165	80	80
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	105	55	55	559,935	290,040	269,895	110	65	45
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	50	25	25	267,870	161,125	106,740	70	55	15
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	65	35	30	292,070	128,915	163,155	40	15	30
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	40	25	20	272,255	109,735	162,515	45	15	30
Refugees¹⁰⁸	20	10	10	175,740	89,995	85,740	10	0	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	175	90	85	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	165	80	80
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	10	0	89,850	47,360	42,495	10	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	20	10	10	94,185	46,445	47,740	20	15	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	48,805	27,680	21,130	10	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	130	60	70	756,120	358,700	397,420	130	55	70
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,320	620	700	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	725	385	340
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	250	100	150	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	235	150	90
South Asian	10	0	10	127,990	67,140	60,850	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	115,240	51,375	63,865	10	10	0
Black	110	45	65	422,405	206,335	216,070	50	35	20
Filipino	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580	0	0	0
Arab	70	30	40	280,075	146,990	133,085	125	80	45
Latin American	15	10	0	172,925	85,035	87,880	30	15	20
Southeast Asian	20	10	10	70,455	33,510	36,945	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,070	520	550	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	485	240	250
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,320	620	700	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	725	390	340
Canadian	175	95	85	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	100	60	45
English	30	25	10	177,710	88,910	88,800	30	15	10
Irish	30	15	10	404,190	193,440	210,745	25	15	10
Scottish	0	0	0	192,685	93,120	99,565	10	10	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	125	55	70	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	170	95	80
German	0	0	0	124,305	60,295	64,010	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	123,985	55,730	68,255	10	0	0
Italian	600	275	320	316,315	157,600	158,720	55	30	30
Indian (India)	0	0	0	65,790	34,390	31,405	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	0	0	0
Québécois	40	20	20	931,940	465,630	466,305	95	40	60
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760	0	0	0
French Canadian	25	15	10	588,805	290,630	298,180	75	45	30
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	149,955	75,935	74,020	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	10	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	20	15	0	99,420	50,795	48,625	10	0	10
Russian	0	0	0	47,195	21,990	25,200	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810	0	0	0
Portuguese	130	60	65	64,385	32,135	32,255	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	77,735	37,960	39,775	25	20	0
Swedish	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	57,320	29,015	28,305	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	104,735	55,130	49,610	40	25	15
Greek	0	0	0	69,705	35,085	34,620	20	10	10
Jamaican	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	0	0	0
Romanian	30	15	10	46,765	22,775	23,995	0	0	0
Lebanese	45	15	30	78,210	40,740	37,470	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	0	0	0
Haitian	100	40	60	156,065	73,495	82,570	10	10	0
Hindu	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	695	325	365	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	15	10	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635	30	20	10
Czech	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	0	0	0
Algerian	45	15	25	65,860	33,955	31,905	25	15	10
Brazilian	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	15	10	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	20	10	15
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	15	17,600	8,335	9,265	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	680	325	355	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	800	400	400	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	410	175	240	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	280	110	170	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	885	450	435	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	605	290	315	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	980	505	475	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	835	395	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	880	535	340	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	430	210	220	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	625	360	265	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	140	50	90	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	840	405	440	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	245	110	130	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	410	230	185	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	525	245	280	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	265	115	155	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	640	320	315	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	500	220	280	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	340	180	160	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	990	500	490	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	750	410	335	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	495	215	280	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	300	140	165	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	580	265	320	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	485	250	240	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	795	435	365	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	980	485	495	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	340	130	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	520	240	280	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	320	205	115	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	525	270	250	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	365	180	180	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	160	100	65	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	425	195	230	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	635	300	335	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	315	145	175	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,320	620	700	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	725	385	340
Buddhist	15	0	10	48,365	21,395	26,980	0	0	0
Christian	1,055	510	550	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	275	130	145
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	70	25	45	464,020	229,155	234,860	45	15	25
Anabaptist	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	0	0	0
Catholic	920	455	465	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	200	90	110
Christian Orthodox	35	15	15	145,805	70,840	74,965	15	0	10
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	10	10	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	20	10	10	104,790	48,840	55,950	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	84,530	41,470	43,065	0	0	0
Muslim	75	30	50	421,710	218,255	203,455	135	85	55
Sikh	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	170	80	95	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	300	175	125
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,300	625	680	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	715	375	340
Non-movers	1,240	600	640	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	565	285	285
Movers	60	25	35	945,290	466,750	478,540	145	85	55
Non-migrants	55	25	30	543,670	268,740	274,925	125	75	50
Migrants	0	0	0	401,625	198,010	203,615	20	10	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355	20	10	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455	15	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,240	605	635	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	685	360	330
Non-movers	1,085	525	560	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	335	175	160
Movers	155	85	75	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	350	185	170
Non-migrants	145	75	70	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	235	125	120
Migrants	10	0	0	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	115	65	50
Internal migrants	10	0	0	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	60	25	30
Intraprovincial migrants	10	0	0	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	45	15	30
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	83,805	41,925	41,880	10	10	0
External migrants	0	0	0	320,090	166,115	153,975	55	30	20
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	975	470	505	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	605	310	295
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	100	35	60	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	90	40	55
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	875	430	445	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	515	275	245
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	675	330	345	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	485	250	230
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	40	20	20	642,800	382,415	260,380	25	15	15
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	640	310	325	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	455	240	220
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	975	470	500	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	605	310	295
No certificate, diploma or degree	85	25	50	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	85	35	50
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	210	110	100	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	90	45	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	685	325	350	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	435	230	200
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	450	215	235	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	155	85	70
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	145	80	65	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	50	30	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	110	55	55	793,030	427,220	365,815	40	25	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	35	30	10	303,330	239,705	63,620	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	260	105	155	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	65	45	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	45	30	15	252,815	102,150	150,665	45	10	35
Bachelor's degree or higher	230	110	120	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	275	145	130
Bachelor's degree	175	75	100	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	115	50	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	25	15	10	149,425	66,595	82,825	20	10	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940	0	0	0
Master's degree	25	20	10	360,795	174,150	186,645	130	80	50
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	63,270	36,320	26,955	15	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	680	330	345	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	485	255	235
No certificate, diploma or degree	25	10	15	525,155	303,815	221,345	25	10	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	100	55	50	752,855	388,160	364,700	75	30	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	550	270	285	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	385	205	180
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	345	165	180	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	125	70	60
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	130	75	55	836,455	498,385	338,075	45	25	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	95	45	50	609,895	319,470	290,425	30	10	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	35	25	10	226,565	178,915	47,650	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	185	70	120	838,140	372,455	465,685	55	40	20
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	25	0	174,695	72,115	102,580	25	0	25
Bachelor's degree or higher	200	100	105	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	260	140	125
Bachelor's degree	150	60	85	802,755	343,100	459,650	95	45	55
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	20	10	119,460	50,155	69,310	20	10	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	0	0	0
Master's degree	30	20	10	302,065	140,530	161,530	125	75	50
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	49,500	26,520	22,985	15	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	975	470	500	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	610	310	290
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	295	140	150	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	170	85	90
Education	50	10	40	292,470	65,830	226,640	15	0	10
13. Education	50	10	40	292,470	65,830	226,640	15	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	30	15	15	166,900	75,420	91,480	35	25	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	10	15	143,365	58,875	84,490	25	15	10
Humanities	35	20	20	228,770	90,810	137,960	55	35	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	10	15	107,105	44,755	62,345	20	15	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	15	10	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680	10	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	90	30	60	430,845	142,280	288,570	85	30	55
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020	25	0	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	20	0	20	79,155	6,625	72,535	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	77,880	29,725	48,160	10	10	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	15	0	15
42. Psychology	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	55	30	20	134,510	67,065	67,440	25	10	15
Business, management and public administration	205	85	120	950,820	357,290	593,535	95	40	55
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	780	305	475	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145	15	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	205	85	115	894,690	344,770	549,925	80	25	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	10	158,655	83,605	75,050	30	10	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	57,680	23,925	33,755	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	42,530	29,180	13,350	20	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	25	0	177,780	124,955	52,825	25	20	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	35	25	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	10	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	10	10	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	115	95	15	866,885	778,835	88,060	45	40	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	10	0	0
14. Engineering	35	25	10	181,290	147,120	34,170	20	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30	30	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	180	65	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	30	20	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	15	15	0
48. Precision production	15	15	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	0	0	0
Health and related fields	65	20	45	515,215	101,455	413,760	30	20	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	60	15	45	470,150	78,875	391,275	20	10	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	845	270	575	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	35	15	20	291,295	157,925	133,365	10	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	30	10	20	154,335	42,710	111,625	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	355	320	35	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	675	330	345	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	485	255	230
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	125	65	65	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	100	45	50
Education	40	0	35	195,595	39,630	155,965	15	0	10
13. Education	40	0	35	195,595	39,630	155,965	15	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	10	0	129,065	58,170	70,895	35	25	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	110,860	45,555	65,305	25	15	10
Humanities	10	10	0	144,140	56,410	87,730	45	25	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	20	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	10	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	75	20	55	334,475	103,635	230,840	75	30	45
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155	20	10	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	15	64,690	4,665	60,025	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	59,965	20,645	39,325	10	10	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	15	0	15
42. Psychology	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	45	20	20	101,105	49,385	51,720	25	10	15
Business, management and public administration	175	75	105	741,390	268,705	472,685	75	30	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	545	245	300	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	10	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	170	75	95	697,775	259,725	438,045	65	25	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	102,055	53,195	48,865	30	15	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650	20	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30	25	10	147,350	104,880	42,465	25	20	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	30	25	10	126,845	95,720	31,120	10	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	10	10	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	105	90	20	665,365	588,950	76,415	40	35	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	10	0	0
14. Engineering	35	30	10	152,450	121,715	30,735	20	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30	30	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	170	65	105	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	25	25	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	0	0	0
Health and related fields	55	20	35	387,725	74,730	312,995	30	20	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	55	20	35	352,905	58,735	294,170	20	10	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	730	180	550	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	30	15	20	229,120	122,320	106,800	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	10	20	120,395	31,320	89,075	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	280	250	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	900	770	125	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	675	330	345	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	485	255	230
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	125	65	65	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	100	45	50
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	550	265	280	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	385	210	180
Location of study inside Canada	485	230	255	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	290	150	140
Same as province or territory of residence	470	220	250	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	285	145	140
Different than province or territory of residence	10	10	0	116,855	57,870	58,990	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	65	30	35	414,490	209,160	205,330	95	60	40
Americas	15	0	10	81,780	40,955	40,820	20	10	10
United States of America	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	215	125	95	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0	0	0
Europe	30	20	10	138,260	74,045	64,210	35	20	15
Belgium	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	77,225	43,085	34,135	35	20	15
Germany	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	935	530	415	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	0	0	0
Romania	20	10	10	10,370	5,330	5,040	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	465	290	175	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	715	360	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	345	155	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	10	95,260	49,800	45,460	35	20	15
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	0	0	0
Algeria	15	10	10	30,560	15,715	14,850	25	15	15
Morocco	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	15	10	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	96,865	43,055	53,805	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	795	380	415	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	665	235	430	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	970	410	565	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	400	215	185	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	975	470	500	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	605	310	295
In the labour force	740	375	360	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	435	230	205
Employed	695	355	340	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	395	215	190
Unemployed	40	20	20	335,015	176,245	158,775	35	15	20
Not in the labour force	240	95	145	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	170	85	95
Participation rate	75.9	79.8	72.0	64.1	67.4	60.9	71.9	74.2	69.5
Employment rate	71.3	75.5	68.0	59.3	62.3	56.3	65.3	69.4	64.4
Unemployment rate	5.4	5.3	5.6	7.6	7.7	7.4	8.0	6.5	9.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	975	470	500	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	610	310	290
Did not work¹⁸⁶	275	100	170	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	165	75	95
Worked	705	370	335	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	435	240	200
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	420	245	175	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	225	125	100
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	280	125	160	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	210	110	100
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	42.7	43.1	41.3	41.7	40.8	39.7	40.0	39.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	735	375	360	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	430	230	205
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	10	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	730	375	350	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	425	220	205
Employee	640	310	330	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	390	200	190
Permanent position	555	265	290	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	330	175	160
Temporary position	85	45	40	623,510	296,655	326,850	60	25	35
Fixed term (1 year or more)	25	10	10	217,905	94,210	123,700	25	10	20
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	65	40	35	405,605	202,450	203,155	35	20	15
Self-employed¹⁹²	85	65	20	530,720	324,555	206,165	35	20	15
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	735	375	360	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	430	230	205
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	10	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	730	375	350	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	425	220	205
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	10	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	165	55	115	778,905	256,150	522,760	80	15	65
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	70	55	15	360,495	272,510	87,985	70	50	25
3 Health occupations	35	10	25	359,665	70,075	289,590	20	10	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	100	20	80	558,725	166,020	392,700	65	25	45
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	50	35	10	146,560	72,400	74,165	40	20	15
6 Sales and service occupations	175	75	95	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	115	70	40
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	95	90	0	702,290	645,355	56,935	20	20	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10	10	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	25	20	10	207,740	150,405	57,335	10	10	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	735	375	360	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	430	230	205
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	10	0
All industries¹⁹¹	730	375	350	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	425	220	205
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0	0	0
23 Construction	60	30	25	296,035	254,795	41,240	10	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	85	65	25	449,115	320,715	128,405	10	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	25	15	10	147,340	96,670	50,670	10	0	10
44-45 Retail trade	85	40	40	514,090	248,905	265,185	30	20	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	35	25	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	10	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	25	15	0	94,130	57,495	36,630	30	20	15
52 Finance and insurance	30	20	10	169,985	74,020	95,960	20	10	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	50	40	10	345,345	193,365	151,985	75	40	35
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	25	20	0	171,345	104,695	66,645	35	30	0
61 Educational services	65	25	40	340,885	104,300	236,590	40	15	25
62 Health care and social assistance	105	15	85	617,200	122,675	494,525	65	20	45
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20	15	10	72,700	38,810	33,890	15	0	10
72 Accommodation and food services	25	25	0	232,480	109,950	122,530	40	25	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	30	10	20	190,470	89,730	100,735	10	0	10
91 Public administration	50	10	35	290,765	144,705	146,055	15	10	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	745	385	355	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	460	245	220
English	80	45	30	350,525	195,385	155,145	15	15	0
French	255	130	120	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	265	130	130
Non-official language	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	10	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	10	0	0
English and French	410	205	205	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	165	85	80
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	52,970	26,700	26,265	10	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	725	435	290	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	745	385	355	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	460	245	220
Single responses	625	340	285	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	430	225	205
Official languages	625	340	285	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	420	220	200
English	200	105	90	668,485	365,785	302,695	30	25	10
French	420	230	195	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	385	190	190
Non-official languages	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	10	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	160	70	95	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	330	150	175	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	325	145	175	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	160	65	95	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	10	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	310	200	115	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	135	45	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	735	280	450	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	300	175	125	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	420	180	240	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	115	40	70	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	160	80	85	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	600	345	255	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	570	320	250	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	365	200	165	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	485	185	300	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	220	40	185	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	370	165	215	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	325	125	195	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	265	100	170	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	120	50	75	269,365	142,370	126,995	35	20	15
English and French	115	45	70	249,945	132,640	117,300	30	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	745	385	355	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	460	245	220
None	450	230	220	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	320	175	150
English	170	100	70	720,960	391,075	329,885	125	60	65
French	120	60	60	302,145	161,340	140,805	10	0	10
Non-official language	0	0	0	32,245	16,505	15,745	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	29,220	15,155	14,065	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	695	360	335	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	400	215	185
Worked at home	190	105	85	897,770	435,285	462,480	150	75	80
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	50	45	10	442,035	333,730	108,305	45	35	10
Usual place of work	455	210	245	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	205	100	100
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	455	215	245	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	200	100	100
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	370	155	215	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	185	95	95
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20	10	10	419,210	203,335	215,875	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	70	50	20	823,150	442,385	380,765	15	0	10
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	505	255	255	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	245	135	110
Car, truck or van	435	220	210	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	95	55	40
Car, truck or van - as a driver	385	200	190	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	85	55	25
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	45	25	25	150,535	63,495	87,040	10	0	10
Public transit	65	25	40	287,345	120,460	166,885	95	45	50
Walked	10	0	0	178,645	78,570	100,075	30	10	20
Bicycle	0	0	0	40,420	26,585	13,835	10	10	0
Other method	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	10	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	505	255	255	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	245	135	110
Less than 15 minutes	70	30	40	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	40	25	15
15 to 29 minutes	165	70	95	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	70	35	35
30 to 44 minutes	120	60	55	635,870	363,430	272,445	85	40	45
45 to 59 minutes	70	45	20	235,140	133,720	101,425	30	25	0
60 minutes and over	85	45	40	206,480	126,635	79,840	20	15	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	505	255	255	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	245	135	110
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	40	40	0	241,420	189,270	52,155	10	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	70	40	25	569,745	368,480	201,265	10	0	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	185	85	105	935,640	441,465	494,170	70	35	35
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	70	30	40	626,895	259,220	367,675	60	30	30
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	70	30	35	330,930	142,495	188,435	60	35	25
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	75	30	45	489,685	284,160	205,530	35	30	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	425	195	225	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	135	80	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	220	100	110	303,835	156,030	147,805	15	15	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	210	95	115	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	120	65	55
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	335	160	180	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	95	60	40
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	160	75	85	230,080	118,075	112,005	10	10	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	145	70	75	175,305	90,000	85,305	10	10	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	15	5	5	54,775	28,070	26,700	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	175	80	95	992,895	508,315	484,580	85	45	35

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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